Cochleariae the ounce 1 s. Sal Fraxini the ounce 10 d. Sal Genistae the ounce 10 d. Sal Prunellae the pound s. 8 d. Sal Succini the ounce 5 s. Sal Tartari the ounce 8 d. Sal Vitrioli the ounce 8 d. Saccharum Saturni the ounce 1 s. 6 d. THE Family-Physician CHAP. I. Of Vomitives The Description of a gentle Vomitive TAke luke-warm water a pint adde to it six or eight spoonfuls of sweet Salade-Oyl drink it off warm or if your Stomach be full and inclined to vomit drink off a Pint or two of warm Carduus-Posset Another gentle Vomitive Take three or four Radishes bruise them and boyl them in a pint of small Ale until one half be boyl'd away press the Liquor hard through a Strainer and adde to it one ounce of fresh Butter or 2 or 3 spoonfuls of sweet Oyl Another Vomitive Dissolve two scruples or a dram of Saltpeter in a pint of fat broath Another somewhat stronger Take of the yellow Bark of Frangula three drams or the same quantity of Broom-flowers boyl it or them a quarter of an hour in half a pint of small Ale strain it and drink it off warm Another Take a dram and half of Orach-seeds powdered and drink it off in a quarter of a Pint of warm Posset-Ale or fat broath Or Take a dram of dried Pompion-Root powdered or a dram of Nettle-seeds powdered or a dram of the inner Bark of Walnut-tree powdered or 3 drams of Radish-seeds powdered or three drams of Garden-cress-seeds powdered likewise a dram of fine grated Agarick taken in a draught of fat broath will with some operate very well by Vomit Also threescore drops of the juice of green Tobacco-leaves taken in Posset doth Vomit very smartly The best Vomitive among Vegetables is this following Take five or six leaves of green Asaraback leaves bruise them in a Stone Mortar and whilest you are bruising them pour to them by spoonfuls a quarter of a pint of Whitewine or Ale having mixed them well together press out the Liquor hard through a Canvas Strainer Likewise in stead of the leaves you may take a dram of Asaraback roots dryed and powdered in a draught of Posset or warm Ale CHAP. II. Of Potions THe Description of a Cordial Potion such as Apothecaries commonly prepare you in all cases when you make use of them imagining though it doth you but little good it will do you no great harm except it be to your purse Take of Baum water Black-cherry water Carduus Water of each one ounce and half Treacle water one ounce Syrup of Gilliflowers one ounce mix them in a glass Viol. As oft as you prepare this your self you will save three shillings by it In many cases if you must needs have that which is called a Cordial a quarter of a pint of good fresh small Beer and an ounce of Syrup of Gilliflowers dissolved in it and so taking two or three spoonfuls every two hours may do as well as the best Cordial to please your conceit for you must know that very oft Cordials are prescribed only for to gratifie your Phansie and the Apothecaries Avarice the right Cordial being that which removes the Cause of your distemper and upon that be assured your Heart and other Bowels will soon recover strength and revive The Description of a Perle Cordial Take of the distilled waters of Citron Wood-Sorrel Dragons and Carduus of each one ounce Aqua Mirabilis six drams Pearl prepared that is only ground on a Marble with a few drops of Rose water into an impalpable powder one dram Syrup of Gilliflowers one ounce so shake them together in a four ounce Glass and take it by spoonfuls as directed before The Description of an Vniversal purgative Potion Take half an ounce of the best Senna one dram of sweet Fennil seeds bruised steep them all night in somewhat more than a quarter of a pint of clear Posset Ale next morning strain and press it dissolving into the liquor one ounce of good Manna then strain it once over again Another universal purgative Potion Take half an ounce of Polypody roots of the Oak a handful of Agrimony six Damask Prunes one ounce of Currents half an ounce of Senna one dram of green Anni-seeds boyl them gently for a quarter of an hour in half a pint of water press the liquor through a strainer and sweeten it with brown Sugar Another universal Purge Take two drams of Senna one dram of Rhubarb two scruples of Agarick half a dram of sweet Fennil seeds a scruple of Cinnamon steep them all night in somewhat more than a quarter of a pint of the Decoction of Currents Press the liquor next morning through a strainer and dissolve therein one ounce of Syrup of Roses Laxative CHAP. III. Of Emulsions and Almond Milk The manner how to prepare an Emulsion to cool the Kidneys and to take off the heat and sharpness of Vrine TAke of sweet Almonds blanched one ounce of the four greater Cold Seeds of each half an ounce then first bruise the seeds well in a stone Mortar with a wooden Pestle this done put the Almonds to them and bruise them together pouring to them as they are bruising by three or four spoonfuls at a time a pint of Barly water then press the liquor through a strainer and sweeten it with white Sugar The manner of preparing Almond Milk Take four ounces of sweet Almonds blanched bruise them in a stone Mortar and while you are bruising them pour to them by degrees a pint of Barley water press the liquor hard through a canvas strainer and sweeten it with as much white Sugar as will make it grateful CHAP. IV. Of Clysters The Description of a laxative Clyster TAke of white Lilly roots one ounce of Marshmallows Pellitory and Mercury leavâ—s of each 2 handful of Chamomil flowers two pugils or one handful commoâ— Fennil seeds half an ounce boil them in a pint and half of water to a pint strain the liquor and therein dissolve one ounce of Electuary Lenitive three ounces of common Oyl two ounces of brown Sugar and a little Salt strain it once again and use it warm Observ. Strain the Decoction being warm of the foresaid Roots and Herbs into a bason and with the back-side of a spoon dissolve the Electuary and Honey by stirring of them together then strain it once again from the little lumps that may not be thorowly dissolved which otherwise would stop the Clyster-pipe and hinder it from passing if it be grown too cold you must warm it again before you administer it Another laxative Clyster Add to the ingredients of the foresaid Decoction half an ounce of Senna boyl it then strain the liquor and dissolve in it four or five spoonfuls of brown Sugar with four spoonfuls of Oyl and a little Salt Administer it warm An Emollient Clyster Take a pint of fat Broath dissolve in it four or five spoonfuls of brown Sugar and administer it warm A
Clyster against the Cholick Take Marshmallow roots one ounce Mallows Rue Origan Calamint of each a handful dried Virginia Tobacco leaves half an ounce Bay berries six drams Linseeds half an ounce boyl them in a little more than a pint of water strain it and thereunto add eight or nine spoonfuls of common Oyl An Anodyne Clyster against Gripes Boyl a pint of Milk once up and mix with it the yolk of one Egge and four spoonfuls of brown Sugar An adstringent Clyster against a Loosness and Dysenteries Take half an ounce of Tormentil roots of the leaves of Plantane and Shepherds purse of each one handful red Rose leaves two pugils Cypress Nuts two drams boyl them in Smiths water unto a pint and mix with it the yolks of two Eggs well beaten A Clyster against pains of the Stone Take of the leaves of Pellitory Mallows and Mercury of each one handful Fenugreek seeds and Bay berries of each half an ounce Chamomil flowers two pugils boyl them in water unto a pint dissolve therein one ounce of Venice Therebinthin which must be done thus warm two ounces of common Oyl therewith mix the foresaid Therebinthin with a Spoon or Spatula which then will easily mix with the foresaid Decoction CHAP. V. Of Suppositories TAke a Beet root or a Cabbage root cut it according to the length and shape of your fore-finger that is Taper onely a little pointed at one end dust it about with a little Salt powdered fine and put it up your fundament Another Take a piece of Castle Soap shape it as was directed before and make use of it Or take an end of a Tallow Candle and dust it a little with Salt powdered Another Take Honey and boyl it up to a thickness and hardness mix with it twenty grains of Aloes powdered or if required more stimulating twenty grains of Scammony powdered or twenty grains of Colocynth powdered CHAP. VI. Of Iuleps A cooling Iulep in Fevers TAke a quart of Barley water squeese in it the juice of one large Lemon or of two small ones then sweeten it with as much white Sugar as will make it palatable Another Take of the distilled waters of Succory Sorrel and Violets of each four ounces dissolve in them three ounces of Syrup of Limons or Syrup of Sorrel CHAP. VI. Of Decoctions A Pectoral Decoction against Coughs and Phthisicks TAke of Elicampane Eringo and Liquoris roots of each half an ounce Currents one ounce Figs twenty in Number Dates ten in number Maidenhair one handful sweet Fennil seeds half an ounce boil them in Spring water unto a pint and half strain the liquor and dissolve therein one ounce and half of clarified Honey A Decoction against the Dropsie Take of the chips of Guaiacum wood two ounces Sassafras wood cut small one ounce of the roots of Swallow-wort Florentine Orris of each one ounce Agrimony Pennyroyal Horehound of each one handful Roman Wormwood half a handful Juniper berries and Parsley seeds of each one ounce Clove bark three drams boyl them in Whitewine and water of each the same measure unto a quart strain the liquor and therein dissolve three ounces of clarified Honey A Decoction against the Stone Take of Restharrow roots one ounce Horse-radish roots half an ounce Saxifrage leaves and Venus Bason of each one handful Alkekengi berries or Winter Cherries fifty in number Milium Solis six drams sweet Fennil Burdock and Saxifrage seeds of each half an ounce Juniper berries six drams Rhenish Tartar a quarter of an ounce boil them in half White-wine and half Water unto one pint and half strain the liquor and keep it in a glass Take a quarter of a pint Mornings and Afternoons A Decoction against a Dysentery and other Loosnesses Take Tormentil and Snakeweed roots of each half an ounce red Saunders six drams Comfrey leaves half a handful Myrtle berries six drams red Rose leaves one handful boyl them in Smiths forge-water unto a quart CHAP. VII Of Gargarisms A Gargarism to purge the Brain of Flegm TAke of Elicampane roots one ounce of the tops of Hyssop and Sage of each one handful Pyrethrum root or Pellitory of Spain two drams long Pepper Cubebs of each one dram boyl them in half Whitewine and half Water unto a pint Strain the liquor and therein dissolve two ounces of Syrup of Vinegar A Gargarism against the swelling and inflammation of the Throat Take of Plantane water four ounces Rose water and Self-heal water of each two ounces dissolve in them Syrup of Mulberries two ounces Sal Prunellae half a dram A Gargarism against foul Scorbutick Gums Take Tormentil and Aristolochia rotunda roots half an ounce Pilewort Sage and Garden Scurvey-grass of each one handful boyl them in water to a pint therein dissolve two scruples of flowers of Sal Armoniac CHAP. VIII Of Collyria's or Eye Medicines An Eye-water to clear the sight TAke Celandine Eye-bright Vervain and Rue of each three handfuls sweet Fennil and Cummin seeds of each six drams Mace and Cloves of each three drams steep them in French Wine and Spring water of each one pint afterwards distil the water off in a glass Body with a glass Head in Sand. An Eye Water against Heat Redness and sharp Rhumes of the Eyes Take Rose water and Eyebright water of each two ounces of trochisci albi Rhasis one dram 〈…〉 red Tuthia twenty grams mix them together in a glass The Green Eyewater to remoue Specks and Pearles from the Eye Take a quarter of an ounce of Verdigriese powder'd very fine Aloës powder'd one dram boyl them in Rose water and White-wine of each five ounces then while it is yet warm filtrate it through brown Paper CHAP. IX Of Cataplasms or Poultesses A Dissolving Poultess or Cataplasm TAke green Orris roots and white Lilly roots of each one ounce Marshmallows Pellitory Pennyroyal Origan Calamint Rue of each a handful Chamomil Melilot and Elder flowers of each a pugil or half a handful green Anniseeds common Fennil and Cumminseeds of each half an ounce boyl them to a mash in Water and Whitewine then bruise them into an even smooth mass in a wooden or stone Mortar adding to them Lupin and Bean flowers of each one ounce and half Oyl of Camomil and of Orris of each one ounce and half mix them well in the Mortar and heat them again then apply half of this Poultess more or less according to the extent of the part affected being hot and spread between two Linen Cloaths Another Take a quarter of a pound of Leven mix it with as much common oyl as will bring it into a Poultess and apply it warm A maturating Cataplasm or ripening Poultess Take Marshmallow and white Lilly roots of each one ounce Pellitory Marshmallow and Mallow leaves of each two handfuls Fenugreek and Linseeds of each one ounce boil them to a Mash in water and put to them Wheat flower three ounces Oyl of Lilies three ounces Apply it as was directed before An Anodyne Cataplasm or Poultess to ease pain Take of the Crums of White Bread one pound boil it into a thick Pap in Milk then adde to it two Yolks of Eggs three ounces of thick common Oyl and a little Saffron and apply it warm renewing it as oft as it cools CHAP. X. Of Oyntments An Oyntment against a Scald or Burn. TAke Rue leaves one handful Housleek one handful half Hen-dung two ounces unsalted fresh Butter a quarter of a pound fry them together and then press them through a Canvas cloth Herewith a little being melted in a Spoon anoint the scalded or burned part once in three or four hours applying thereon two or three fresh Plantane leaves An Oyntment against the Itch. Take Hogs-grease four ounces Therebinthin and Wax of each one ounce Flower of Brimstone or rather unmelted Brimstone pounded and sifted one ounce Tobacco stalks powdered and sifted half an ounce White Lead two drams common Oyl as much as will suffice to bring it into an Oyntment CHAP. XI Of Vesicatories or Blistering Plasters A Vesicatory Emplaster TAke half an ounce of Leven Cantharides or Spanish Flies powdered one dram sharp Wine vinegar as much as will suffice to mix them into a Paste which spread upon Linen or Leather and applied will in few hours raise a large Blister Another Take of Rosin three drams and half Wax one dram and half Cantharides powdered three drams Mustard-seed two scruples common oyl as much as sufficeth This will serve for three or four Blistering Plasters FINIS
THE Family-Physician AND THE House-Apothecary CONTAINING I. Medicines against all such Diseases people usually advise with Apothecaries to be cured of II. Instructions whereby to prepare at your own Houses all kinds of necessary Medicines that are prepared by Apothecaries or prescribed by Physicians III. The exact Prices of all Drugs Herbs Seeds simple and compound Medicines as they are sold at the Druggists or may be sold by the Apothecaries IV. That it 's plainly made to appear that in preparing Medicines thus at your own Houses that it 's not onely a far safer way but you shall also save Nineteen Shillings in Twenty comparing it with the extravagant Rates of many Apothecaries By GIDEON HARVEY M. D. Physician in Ordinary to his Majesty The Second Edition Revised by the Author Printed for M. R. and are to be sold by the Booksellers of London 1678. Imprimatur May 6. 1676. G. Iane. THE INTRODUCTION Containing the use of this TREATISE AS Diseases and Death are marks of the Divine Justice in the punishment of Sin So the Art of Physick must be acknowledged a derivative from the transcendent Mercy of the Great God whereby the crazie and sickly constitutions of humane Bodies are supported their pains appeased and Health restored These as well as his other Attributes render the Almighty most glorious The Observation deduced from what precedes informs us That those that usurp and exercise the Art of Physick abusively and unworthily do extremely Eclipse Gods glory by so diminishing of his Mercy and of this so weighty a Sin it is to be feared many Empiricks and Little Apothecaries inhabiting the skirts of the City and Country Villages do contract a guilt not only by administring Physick ignorantly and without those qualifications that are absolutely necessary in a Physician but by over-rating the prices of their Medicines to that degree that mean Families by a fit of sicknes or two must unavoidably be ruined in Estate and too oft in their Health I must tell you I have oft seen Bills of Apothecaries risen to twenty sometimes thirty pounds in the time of a Fortnight what is more I have known an Apothecaries Bill so extravagant that the Sum at the bottom of his Account amounted to Fifty Pounds in the space of Thirty Days when the Ingredients of the whole Course could not be computed to stand him in Forty Shillings But that which sounds worse than all this is that not long since an Apothecary of our Suburbs to Nine Patients brought in Bills for less than three quarters of a years Physick amounting to Fifteen Hundred Pounds Though at the same time I must intimate to you that this is not the practice of our London-Apothecaries who not only for discharging their Consciences in the faithful Preparation of their Medicines but also for vending them at reasonable Rates may vie with any others of that Trade in all Europe and therefore you are not to suppose me here embarqued in a designe of discouraging you to make use of these later who are so necessary in the Art of Physick but only of discharging my Duty to such as are exposed to be defrauded by some Little Apothecaries of the Country and skirts of the City not onely through their ill preparation of Medicines but also through their unjust and avaricious Prices So that I do pretend hereby First to instruct you how to prepare the most usual and ordinary Medicines at your own Houses which cannot but be a great satisfaction to you in regard you are certain they are well prepared and that the Ingredients are Sound and Fresh Likewise that you can have your Medicines ready without attending the Apothecaries leasure for him to bring them or without giving your self the trouble to send three or four times to his Shop for them Secondly you may be assured that in so doing you shall save Nine Pounds in Ten or sometimes Forty Eight Pounds in Fifty Thirdly by this means you avoid being defrauded of your Lives and Estates too by Mountebanks and their Medicines which being so indifferently and rashly used by many credulous Persons at all times and seasons without that particular regard had to their Constitution Age Sex Climate and Cause of Disease must necessarily if not kill at least destroy the Temperament of their Bowels and noble Parts Before I proceed any further I am obliged to demonstrate and make it appear in what manner and wherein this Treatise doth discharge what is here promised First then I have pick'd out such Medicines of the London-Dispensatory as are most usual which being reduced to a small number may without any great defray of charges be kept ready at your Houses I have only made choice of three or four fragrant Waters that are to serve for Cordial Juleps which in respect of Temperament may be mixt and qualified for use in hot or cold Distempers What concerns the vast number of other simple distilled Waters I do wittingly reject them as being so little imbued with the vertue of the Simples whence they are distilled that Decoctions or sometimes Infusions or Expressions of Juices made of the same Simples or Spirits distilled from them are experienced to be a million stronger which as your Disease may require are to be prescribed and taught you by your Family-Physician Likewise compound Waters Syrups Electuaries Pills Trochisces or Lozenges Emplasters Unguents and Oyls you have onely so many recommended to you as may serve for most uses the others of the Dispensatory are omitted either because they agree in Vertue with those that are inserted or are not so congruously compounded or are rarely used or are dangerous or useless or if occasion doth require may be prescribed by your Physician Secondly I have taught you here the best manner of distilling Simple and Compound Waters of preparing Syrups Pills Electuaries c. what Ingredients are to be put in first which afterwards how some particular Medicines are to be reduced into Powders and how at last the whole Composition is to be artificially mixt Thirdly I have calculated what each Medicine will stand you in set down exactly the prices of Herbs and other Simples that are to be bought of the Herb-women the prices current of Drugs and Physical Seeds that are to be bought of the Druggists and of Spices and dry Fruits that are vended by the Grocers all which being Alphabetically placed in the latter part of this Treatise you may at any time have recourse unto whereby you likewise avoid being imposed upon by the said Herb-women and Druggists and by the same means you may easily compute what every Composition in the Dispensatory may amount unto giving some small allowance for garbles and waste that may happen by the powdering and sifting the Ingredients or by evaporating over the Fire or sticking to the Pan Pipkin or other Utensil you make use of in preparing some Compositions Fourthly If want of conveniency or any other occasion should perswade you from the preparing of the hereafter-mentioned
together and pour on them the Wine and Briony-juice This Water when it is distilled as it ought to be is not good enough to wash your hands and consequently of little vertue to be taken inwardly for not a quarter of the strength of the Ingredients doth come over the Helm Wherefore let me advise you rather to prepare this Water against Fits thus Instead of the Juice of Briony Take dried Briony-roots beaten to a gross powder two ounces the rest of the Herbs being all dried and the other Ingredients poudered gross and in the same quantity as they are set down before Instead of three pints of Canary take a quart of the best Nants Brandy Put them into a Glass and let them steep six days in warm Ashes then strain the liquor off and keep it in a glass Bottle cork'd up for your use An half ounce of this Liquor doth contain more vertue than half a pint of the other distilled Water What this Liquor or Water will stand you in is not difficult to compute by what is informed you before therefore I shall spare the pains of summing it up here The Apothecaries prices are three shillings six pence or four shillings the pint and three pence or four pence the ounce The Description of Aqua Limacum Magistralis or the London Snail-water against Consumptions THis compound Water is so ridiculous that I am ashamed to see it in any Dispensatory for the chief thing aimed at is through the cool clammy and glutinous substance of the liquor of Snails 1. To cool the heat of the Hectick Fever 2. To repair the parts consumed 3. To facilitate Expectoration that is to make the matter come up easie by Cough through its lenifying quality whereby it sweeteneth the humors by allaying those gnawing Salts that prey on the Lungs Now in distilling of the Snails there is no part of their unctuous or glutinous Liquor passeth the Alembick but a meer Elementary Water The same may be said also of the Hogs Blood For this and other reasons I do commend to you this following Liquor of Snails Take of Garden-snails especially those off a Vine with their shells a pound first wash them well with water and a little salt then wash them once or twice more with fair water to wash off the salt bruise them with their shells in a stone Mortar to a mash adde to them Ground-Ivie Speedwell Lungwort Scabious Burnet Coltsfoot and Nettle-tops of each a handful English Liquoris half an ounce Dates stoned twelve in number of the four greater cold Seeds and Marshmallow seeds of each one dram and half Saffron a scruple Put them into a new glazed Pipkin and pour on them a quart of Spring-water fasten the Cover close to the Pipkin by pasting it round with Dough. Let it stand twelve hours upon hot Cinders or rather in a Kettle of hot water over the fire then strain and press out the Liquor dissolving into it while it 's warm a quarter of a pound of clarified Honey put it into a Glass and keep it in the Cellar Note That the Herbs must be shred the Seeds bruised and the Liquoris cut small What concerns the other compound Waters described in the Dispensatory they either agreeing in vertue with some of these forementioned or being not very aptly composed or other Medicines being at hand that instead of them may immediately according to the Prescription of your Family-Physician be prepared with far greater profit and benefit to the Patient for those reasons I have omitted setting down any more of the said dispensatory-Dispensatory-Waters CHAP. III. Of Syrups The Description of Syrupus Altheae or Syrup of Marshmallows TAke Marshmallow-roots two ounces Grass-roots Asparagus-roots Liquoris raspt and Raisins stoned of each half an ounce red Cicers one ounce the tops of Marsh-mallows Mallows Pellitory Burnet Plantane Wall-rue and Maidenhair of each one handful the four greater cold Seeds and the four lesser cold Seeds of each three drams Boil them in three quarts of fair water unto two quarts strain the Liquor into your Syrup-pan and dissolve into it three pounds and half of good Bahi Sugar which will go as far as four pounds of Barbadoes and preserve the Syrup much better The manner of Preparing The Marshmallow-roots by scraping with a knife must be freed from those strings that hang about them likewise their hard cordy substance must be taken away from them then wash them well and bruise them in the Mortar Also wash the Grass-roots and Asparagus-roots and bruise them scrape off the black outside from the Liquoris and bruise it into strings or rasp it wash the Herbs clean for cleanliness in preparing of Medicines is wholsome and no less commendable than it is in Cookery First then put into your Pipkin being placed on a clear fire and containing three quarts of water the Marshmallow Asparagus and Grass-roots because they require longest boiling a while after put in the Cicers and not long after that put in the Herbs being shred the next you must put in are the Seeds Liquoris and Raisins being sufficiently boil'd strain and press the Liquor out and then clarifie it The manner how to clarifie Decoctions and Apozemes you shall be informed of at the end of this Chapter Having dissolved your Sugar to the Decoction boil it gently until it comes to the due thickness of a Syrup Note The four greater cold Seeds are these 1. Pompion 2. Cucumber 3. Gourge 4. Melon-seeds The four lesser cold Seeds are 1. Succory 2. Endive 3. Lettice 4. Purslain-seeds The Prices The Ingredients come to 9 d. The Sugar 21 d. Fire 3 d. or 4 d. The whole amounts to 2 s. 10 d. For which you have five pints eight ounces allowing the fourth part waste which evaporates in the boiling it up to a Syrup so that it will stand you in about three farthings the ounce The Apothecaries prices By the pint two shillings By the ounce three pence The Description of Syrupus Garyophyllorum or Syrup of Gilliflowers TAke fragrant Gilli flowers cut off from their white strings one pound pour on them a quart of Spring-water and let them stand all night Then strain the Liquor and being gently warmed dissolve therein four pound of the whitest Sugar without boiling it The manner of preparing 1. Buy the most fragrant Gilliflowers that are newly gathered at ten or twelve pence the peck 2. Put them into a large pewter Flagon or a new earthen glased Pipkin and pour the Water being warmed upon them then stop your Flagon or earthen Vessel very close and place it all night in the Cellar 3. Strain off your tinctured liquor without much pressing the Strainer in regard you are not to clarifie it as other Liquors are for Syrups for that would occasion a great loss of those fragrant Cordial Spirits 4. Place your Syrup-pan over a very gentle Charcoal-fire burning clear without the least smoak and let your liquor be only luke-warm then put in the Sugar being
or eighteen hours What this Composition will amount unto you may easily compute by perusing the Catalogue of Prices The Apothecaries sell these white Lozenges at three pence the ounce The manner of preparing Trochisci bechici nigri or the common black Lozenges TAke juice of Liquoris and of the best white Sugar of each one ounce and quarter Gum-dragant and sweet Almonds blanched of each six drams or three quarters of an ounce make them up into Lozenges with the mucilage of Quince-seeds The Instructions given you for the preparing the foregoing Lozenges will sufficiently guide you in the Preparation of these only I must adde the manner of poudering the Gum-dragant Your Gum-dragant being well dried put into a brass Mortar whose bottom hath been heated somewhat hotter than your hand can endure by setting it upon the fire or putting hot burning coals into it and after it is well heated put out the coals and wipe it clean with a linnen cloath Moreover you must also heat the end of the Iron Pestle very well Then covering the Mortar with a cover that hath a hole through it for the Pestle to pass beat the Gum to powder and sift it what is unsifted put into the Mortar again which if it be not hot enough you must heat again in manner as hath been told you Lastly observe that you must put in a fourth part more into the Mortar than is set down in the Prescription because at least a fourth part will waste in the powdering CHAP. VI. The manner of preparing compound Powders The Description of Pulvis è Chelis Cancrorum or Gascons Powder TAke prepar'd Pearl Crabs Eyes red Coral white Amber Harts-horn Oriental Bezoar-Stone of each a quarter of an ounce of the black tops of Crabs claws one ounce and half beat them all into powder and mix them The mixt Powdery ou may make into Balls by incorporating it with Gelly of Harts-horn or thin mucilage of Gum-arabick extracted with carduus-Carduus-water The manner of preparing The Preparation of Pearl Crabs eyes red Coral Bezoar and Crabs claws is only thus You must first reduce them into a fine powder and sift them Afterwards grinde them into a most subtil and smooth powder or dust upon a Marble or Porphyr stone with a Muller dropping now and then a few drops of Rose-water into the powder to keep it from dispersing or flying up The Harts-horn must be grated and afterwards beaten in a brass Mortar into a fine powder and sifted The white Amber that is the lightest yellow must be beaten and ground with a Pestle into a subtil powder and sifted by it self Afterwards mix all the powders well in the Mortar by stirring and moving them together with the Pestle The Prices The Oriental Pearl 2 s. Crabs Eyes 1 d. Red Coral 3 d. White Amber 3 d. Harts-horn ¼ d. Oriental Bezoar 10 s. Crabs Claws 6 d. The whole Composition 13 s. 1 d. 1 q. For which expence you may expect two ounces and five drams allowing two drams or something more for waste The ounce will stand you in something less than five shillings The dram at seven pence half-peny You may take notice that this Powder may be prepared at a far lower rate for the poorer sort and for what I know may prove more effectual thus Instead of Oriental Pearl take Occidental and probably the finest sort of Mother of Pearl doth exceed either that is if prepared as it ought to be In lieu of Oriental Bezoar take Occidental which being much cheaper doth not so much encourage fraudulent people to counterfeit them and therefore in my opinion certain Occidental Bezoar may justly be preferred before the uncertain Oriental But what if the Bezoar be wholly left out and double the proportion of Pearl that 's put in where is the damage So that the dram of Gascons Powder will come under three half-pence The Apothecaries Prices The ounce at forty shillings The dram at five shillings The grain at one penny The Description of Species Diacarthami or Powder of Diacarthamum TAke the marrow of Carthamum-seeds and of the best Turbith of each half an ounce the purest Scammony Hermodactyls and Liquoris of each two drams Ginger Cinnamon Gum-dragant of each one dram beat them all to a powder and mix them Observe Though this Powder is not in the London-Dispensatory yet is of great use and therefore I have inserted it here The manner of Preparing 1. With a knife gently scrape off the hard dust that 's dried about the Hermodactyls then grate them upon a fine Grater into a powder 2. The Turbith Ginger and Liquoris powder together adding two or three sweet Almonds which being powdered with the others will hinder them from wasting or flying up into dust Being powdered sift them 3. The Gum-dragant is to be powdered as was expressed in the Preparation of the common black Lozenges 4. The Scammony must be powdered by it self anointing the inside bottom of the Mortar and the end of the Pestle with a little Oyl of sweet Almonds to hinder the Scammony from clotting or sticking to the bottom of the Mortar and the end of the Pestle The Scammony being powdered needs not be sifted 5. All the Ingredients being powdered in manner before said you must mix together in a Mortar and then put them up into a Species Glass tying it over with a Hogs Bladder and Leather The Prices Carthamum-seeds 1 d. Turbith 3 d. Scammony 2 d. â—d Hermodactyls 1 q. Liquoris 1 q. Ginger ¼ q. Cinnamon 1 d. Gum-dragant 3 q. The whole Composition will stand you in less than 9 d. For which you shall have allowing waste and garbles fourteen drams or sometimes more according to the purity of the Ingredients The dram will come to no more than two farthings and a half If the Apothecaries did prepare this Powder they might afford it by the ounce at eighteen pence By the dram at two pence The Description of the Species or Powder of Hiera Picra TAke Cinnamon Lignum Aloës Asarabacca-roots Spikenard Mastich Saffron of each three drams Aloës six ounces and a quarter beat them into powder The manner of Preparing 1. The Cinnamon Asarabacca-roots Spikenard and Saffron may be powdered together and sifted 2. The Mastich must be powdered by it self wetting the bottom of the Mortar and end of the Pestle with a little Rose-water or any other distill'd water 3. To powder the Aloës you must anoint the bottom of the Mortar and end of the Pestle with a little Oyl of sweet Almonds to hinder it from sticking 4. At last mix all the Powders together in a Mortar The Prices The Cinnamon 3 d. Lign Aloës 6 d. 3 q. Asarabacca 3 q. Spikenard Indian 9 q. Mastich the finest 1 d. 2q English Saffron 1 s. 2 d. The purest Succotrine Aloës at 3 s. 1 d. ½ d. The whole amounts to-5 s. 4 d. 3 q. For which you have allowing waste a little more than seven ounces The Apothecaries Prices By the ounce two
handful being bruised in a Mortar put them into a glass Retort-Receiver and pour on them as much sharp Vinegar as will cover them and two inches over let them stand in digestion in the Sun in the Summer or in warm water in the Winter for seven days then strain and press the Vinegar hard from them 2. Take of the best green Copperas two pound put it into a thick blackish earthen Melting-pipkin of no greater bigness than will just contain the Vitriol This place between Bricks laid so as to make a square Tower about two inches larger than the Pipkin and two inches higher Fill this kind of open Furnace with Charcoal up to the top and kindle it gradually which in less than half an hour will make the Pipkin red-hot continue this heat until the Copperas be calcined or burned into a deep red Then take out the Pipkin and being grown cold break it and take out the red Copperas or Colchothar which beat to powder and put into a new Pipkin pour on it one quart of River or Spring-water and one pint of Vinegar boil them until half be consumed away then after it is setled pour off the tinctured Liquor into a flat earthen pan This done pour another quart of Spring-water upon the same red Vitriol boil it away half and after it is setled pour off the tinctured Liquor to the other Liquor in the earthen pan this repeat with fresh water until the red Copperas will colour the water no longer Place the earthen pan between two Bricks set edge-wise and kindle a very moderate fire under it and let the water evaporate or dry away until the red Vitriol that was dissolved in the said water be left dry in the bottom of the pan This red dried Vitriol put into a new Pipkin and calcine or burn it over again as you did at first that put in into another Pipkin and pour fresh water on it and boil it as you did before to extract the tincture or dissolve the purest of the red Vitriol then pour it off into your earthen pan and pour more fresh water on the red Vitriol or Copperas in the Pipkin and boil it to extract more of the tincture thus continue until all is extracted throwing away the remaining dregs on the bottom the tinctured Liquors evaporate again to a driness and then calcine or burn the red Copperas remaining on the bottom a third time and extract and evaporate it over again in the same manner as before which done then the Copperas is prepared 3. Take Verdigriese one ounce and half powder it and put it into a glass pour on it half a pint of sharp distill'd Vinegar let it stand in the Sun four or five days or 24 hours in warm water then pour off the Vinegar being tinctured green and evaporate it in an earthen pan until it be dry The proportion of these prepared Ingredients for to make the foresaid Brown Oyntment is as followeth Take of the above-mentioned prepared Copperas powdered two ounces of the prepared Verdigriese one ounce and a quarter clarified Honey six ounces of the Vinegar that was pressed from the Herbs three ounces of the Flegm of Vitriol two ounces boil them to the thickness of an Oyntment in the same manner as was told you in the preparation of the Unguentum Aegyptiacum This Brown Oyntment as it is here described the preparation is very tedious and troublesome which you may make shorter thus Calcine the Vitriol six hours then powder it and extract the tincture with three quarts of water and one pint of sharp Vinegar evaporate it and then it is sufficiently prepared The Verdigriese must be prepared as it is set down before The Herbs need not be extracted with Vinegar only press out their juices and mix them with the Tincture of Verdigriese The Honey need not be clarified only take off the scum as it is boiling with the juices then put in the other Ingredients according as you have been informed before But far beyond this I have formerly prescribed an Oyntment that in malignant or sordid Ulcers Joynt-waters Fistula's and other desperate cases doth the greatest Effects imaginable which I here impart to you Take of the Vitriol of Venus of the Vitriol of Mars of each half an ounce Sugar of Lead two drams Honey boiled up to a consistency three ounces and half Mithridate half an ounce mix them together in the Mortar without putting them over the fire If your Oyntment happen to be too thick either by over-boiling the Honey or by driness of the weather drying the Oyntment after it is made you may soften it with a little Honey of Roses or rather Iuice of Celandine The Description of Vnguentum Althaeae or Oyntment of Marsh-mallows TAke of the Oyl of Mucilages which is described in the foregoing Chapter one pound Wax half a pound Rosin one ounce and half Terebinthin six drams make them up into an Oyntment The manner of Preparing First melt the Wax and Rosin together afterward put in the Terebinthin and Oyl and let them boil gently to the thickness of an Oyntment stirring it oft with your Spatula until it be ready to be taken off the fire The Prices It will stand you in something less than three farthings an ounce The Apothecaries sell it the ounce at two pence The Description of Vnguentum Basilicon I wittingly omit in regard that Tarre and Firre-Terrebinthin being mixt together in equal proportions doth digest and ripen far beyond it The Description of Unguentum Populeon or Poppy-Oyntment TAke of the fresh Buds of black Poplar half a pound Violet-leaves and Venus Navil of each three ounces new unsalted Hogs grease three pound Bruise and mix them and let them steep together in the Hogs grease in the month of May adde to them of the tops of young Bramble-bush of the leaves of black Poppey Mandrake Henbane Night-shade Lettice of the greater and lesser Housleek and of the greater Burdock of each three ounces Bruise them again and mix them all together letting them stand and ferment ten days then pour on them a pint rose-Rose-water and boil them until all the superfluous moisture be consumed Strain and press them hard through a Canvas-strainer The manner of Preparing The Poplar-buds Violet-leaves and Venus navil must be bruised together in a stone Mortar in the month of May. The Hogs grease must be freed from its little skins and wash'd in this manner Cut it into small pieces and melt it with a little water over a Charcoal-fire in a clean flat earthen pan stirring it oft with a Spatula Being melted strain it through a clean piece of Linnen and pour on it some luke-warm water put it over a very gentle fire stirring it oft with a Spatula for an hour then letting the grease settle pour off the water and pour on again some fresh warm water and stir it oft for half an hour then let it settle and shift the water again washing of the
Simples and Compositions at your own house you have the prices of both declared at which you may buy them from the Apotheearies ready prepared to keep a proportion by you to be mixt and made use of according as your Physician shall judge fit Fifthly If you desire to avoid that trouble also and do prefer sending your Physicians Bill to an Apothecary you may hence easily compute what the Medicine is to be valued at and what the Apothecary deserveth for his pains for mixing and bringing it to your House Lastly Since every small disorder of Body puts many into the humour of sending for an Apothecary who to mimick the Physician shall ask you when you was at Stool or whether you are not oppressed or stuffed at your Stomach feels your Pulse and then shall tell you that you are weak and if he findes you hot he forceth you to believe you have got a Surfeit or if he perceiveth your hand to be cold he perswades you that you have taken cold This is the substance of his Theory on which he practices so boldly But if you are curious to be throughly acquainted with the whole Body of Physick by which the Countrey Apothecary practiseth you may soon gratifie your self in that by purchasing a Treatise called The Accomplisht Physician the Honest Apothecary and the Skilful Surgeon sold at the Angel in Duck-lane which having perused from page 4 to 14 and from page 64 to 73 will abundantly satisfie you for your disbursement If then you are found to be costive he sends you a Clyster at 2 s. 6 d. price which on the same occasion you may advise your self and be instructed by this Treatise how to make one for three half pence or two pence If he apprehends your stomach to be oppressed he orders his man to boyl a little Carduus in Water strain it and put to it three or four spoonfuls of rank Oyl of sweet Almonds to cause you to vomit and carry off a little flegm for which an half Crown is an usual rate Now instead of this you may at a much cheaper price make your self a Pint or two of Carduus-Posset and drink it off luke-warm to cause the same effect For your weakness he will advise you a Cordial made out of two or three musty simple Waters Confectio Alkermes and a little Syrup of Gilly-flowers for which he expects to be paid three Shillings and six Pence and by the way compute what two or three Cordials a day may amount unto in three or four weeks time What he reckons at three shillings six pence you are taught below how to prepare a Cordial Julep for much less In case of a Surfeit three or four pints of cooling Juleps shall be sent you every day at two shillings six pence or three shillings the Pint which you shall be informed how to prepare at two pence or three pence the quart If he infers from the pain of your Head and Limbs Cough Stuffing in your Head c. that you have taken Cold some Sweating Bolus or Potion whereof Mithridate or Treacle shall be the chief Ingredient besides Syrups he conceives to be good Remedies that may conduce to your health and his profit wherein also the Directions of this Tract will render you a considerable saver This is the furthest point the Practicing Apothecary can safely steer or which you are capable to apprehend wherefore you are not to expect from me instructions for using the great Remedies viz. Bleeding and Purging the good management of which and other Remedies doth entirely depend upon the Methodus Medendi or Method of Curing which two words do summarily express the whole Art of Physick and its greatest Secret for to arrive to the said Method of Curing or applying of Remedies in manner order and time it 's requisite a man should understand the Nature of Diseases their Causes and the Parts diseased unto which the said Remedies are to be applyed all which cannot be understood unless you have acquired a competent knowledge of the natural Constitution of the Parts of the Body of Man their Structure Position Relation and Connexion to each other and their several Offices and Uses This Knowledge or Science is chiefly gained by frequent Anatomy or Dissection of dead Bodies and most certainly is the Basis and Ground-work of the Art of Physick and the complete finishing of that is the Methodus Medendi For all Factive and Mechanick Arts consist in these three particulars 1. In the knowledge of their Subject which in our Art is the body of Man in its natural and preternatural constitution 2. In the Instruments or Means whereby to operate which in the said Art are such whereby to preserve the Body in its natural constitution or health and whereby to correct and remove its preternatural or diseased Constitution which are Dyet and Remedies 3. In the Method or Directory of Rules how to use the said Instruments which in Physick is called Methodus Medendi or the Method of applying the said Means The First and Third Particular I have already spoken to The Second is the Means wherein it is as necessary for a Physician to be not only knowing but also experienced as in either of the other For what success can be expected from the Method of applying Remedies unless those Remedies are such as obtain a Specifick and peculiar property of correcting or removing the Cause of each Disease A Physician is as little capable to cure great Diseases with ordinary Medicines which notwithstanding some of the ignorant for want of due Education pretend to do as a Graver is able to cut curious Figures in Steel with the ordinary Tools of a Carver or Stone-cutter or a Barber to take off the hair of your Beard with a Chopping-knife As for those ordinary Medicines they are set down in several Dispensatories among which that of the Physicians of London considering the time it was composed by far exceeds all the others These ordinary Medicines it 's confessed being methodically applied may by long continuation remove some slight Distempers and some great Diseases also if timely used but if confirmed and inveterated are too oft found absolutely fruitless For what proper Remedy do those Dispensatories contain to cure a Pulmonick ulcerous Consumption an inveterate Scurvey Dropsie Stone Gout Fever Kings-Evil Leprosie c. To this a Vulgar Hackney-Physician shall possibly answer That there is no Disease be it never so great or dangerous but he will undertake which is well put in to cure by Method and that with ordinary Medicines For Example a Consumption occasioned by an Ulcer in the Lungs he pretends to cure by prescribing 1. Medicines that shall discharge or cleanse the Ulcer by expelling the matter by Expectoration that is by coughing and spitting and this is performed by Ground-Ivy Speedwel Hyssop and many other Vulneraries made into a Syrup Lohoch or Decoction 2. By consolidating Medicines that shall close up and skin it with a Callus
why you are not to fill the body of the Alembick with Herbs is because should you fill it up the bottome of the cake of the Herbs will be dried and burnt before the top is half dry or distilled off CHAP. II. Containing the manner how to distil compound Waters The Description of London-Treacle Water TAke of the juice of green Walnut-peel a pint of the juice of Rue three quarters of a pint of the juices of Marigold-leaves Baume and of Carduus Benedictus of each half a pint Butterbur-roots four ounces and a half Burdock-roots a quarter of a pound Master-wort and Angelica-roots of each two ounces Water-Germander-leaves one handful Venice Treacle and Mithridate of each two ounces Canary-Wine three pints sharp French Vinegar a pint and an half juice of Limons half a pint The manner of preparing the Ingredients The Walnut-peel Rue Marigold-leaves Baume and Carduus Benedictus must be each severally bruised into a sappy mass in a stone Mortar or a Lignum vitae Mortar and pressed through a fine Canvas cloath in a small Press The fine Canvas cloath for strainers you buy at the Linnen Drapers at ten pence the yard The small Presses you may buy at the Turners at Hosier-lane end next to Smithfield from three shillings to six or seven according to their bigness or possibly you may buy one at second hand big enough for your use at the same Shops for eighteen pence or less The reason why you are to bruise the Walnut-peel Rue and the other Herbs severally is because you are to have an exact measure of each of their Juices For should you bruise Marigold-leaves Baume and Carduus of each the same quantity together yet you would not have the same measure of Juices from them in regard one Herb yields far more Juice than another though at the same time I know several Apothecaries to save trouble do bruise the foresaid Herbs together which notwithstanding must be imputed an error in the exactness of preparing Treacle-Water Observe that Apothecaries commonly take the green Walnuts whole that is Nuts and Peel about them before they are quite ripe and bruise them in a stone-Mortar together in order to the expressing of the Juice out of them Moreover note that about fifty Walnuts will go near to yield a Pint of Juice 2. The Butter-bur Burdock Masterwort and Angelica-roots must be fresh taken out of the ground and may be bruised together into a mash the Water-Germander-leaves must be dryed stript from their stalks and beaten in a Mortar into a course powder or they may be used green and beaten in a Mortar to a mash or shred small with a knife 3. Put all these together with the Treacle and Mithridate into a glass Body and pour on them the several juices and the Canary Wine mixing them well by shaking them gently together and fasten a blind head to the said glass Body by applying round the juncture or the place where they are joined a Hogs Bladder cut into long slips the breadth of two fingers and dipt in Whites of Eggs beaten thin into a Water or put all those Ingredients into a Glass Retort Receiver the mouth whereof stop with a piece of Cork fitted to it and fasten a piece of Bladder over that About the said Receiver tye two or three pieces of Brick to make it sink into a Kettle of Water hanging over a gentle Fire wherein let it stand some twelve or four and twenty hours at longest Then empty the Receiver into a glass Body which being covered with its glass Head or Alembick and closed about the Juncture with slips of Paper and Starch or a Hogs Bladder dipt into Whites of Eggs put into a Sand-pan hanging in a portable Furnace there being the breadth of two fingers of Sand under the Glass fill the Pan with Sand kindle the Fire gradually under it and so let it distil off until the Ingredients are almost dry The prices at the Glass-Shop Of a quart green glass Body 12 d. Of a pottle green Body 18 d. Of a gallon green Body 22 d. Of a quart white glass Body 18 d. Of a pottle white Body 2 s. Of a gallon white Body 3 s. Of a green glass quart Head that is fitting a quart body blind or with a Spout 18 d. Of a green Pottle Head 22 d. Of a green Gallon Head 2 s. 6 d. Of a green quart Retort Receiver 6 d. Of a green pottle Retort Receiver 8 d. Of a green gallon Retort Receiver 12 d. Of an earthen portable Furnace according to its bigness and fitted with a Sand-pan from 2 s. 6 d. to 5 6 or 7 s. Note That those Bodies that are called quart Bodies always are to contain two quarts if they were filled to the top Likewise a Pottle Body is to hold a Gallon and a Gallon Body two Gallons Likewise a quart Receiver is to hold a Pottle and the others proportionably the double 2. Observe That the Apothecaries commonly without other digestion than letting it stand three or four days in their Shops in a great glass distil this and other compound Waters in a small Copper Still with a Bucket Head but then those Waters shall not be so full of vertue nor so pure as the Waters distilled in a Glass The price of the whole Composition Compute the Walnuts the half hundred at 6 d. The Herbs whereout the juices are to be pressed at 12 d. or 14 d. The Roots Germand at 3 d. ½ d. The Treacle and Mithridate at 2 s. Canary Wine at 3 s. French Vinegar at 3 d. Juice of Limons at 4 d. ½ d. Charcoal Fire used in distilling 4 d. The whole is 7 s. 10 d. So that for seven Shillings and ten Pence you may expect near four Quarts of excellent Treacle-Water which is about ten pence three farthings the pint and scarce three farthings the ounce computing according to the content of their retail measure sixteen ounces to the Pint which according to Physical measure ought to contain twelve Ounces The Apothecaries prices of Treacle Water by the pint is three shillings six pence some will not sell it for less than four shillings by the ounce four pence others will sell for three pence Some few Apothecaries in stead of Canary put in a decayed Malaga or Brandy and for juyce of Limons put in Lime juice and make use of their worst sort of Treacle and Mithridate wherefore they sell Treacle-Water somewhat cheaper than the ordinary price The Description of Aqua Epidemica or the London Plague-Water TAke of the roots of Tormentil Angelica Peony M. Liquorish Elicampane of each half an Ounce of the Leaves of Sage the greater Celandine Rue the tops of Rosemary Wormwood Sundew Mugwort Burnet Dragons Scabious Agrimony Baume Carduus Benedictus Betony the lesser Centaury of the leaves and flowers of Marigolds of each a handful steep them four days in four quarts of the best White-wine and distil them in ashes in a glass Alembick
powdered and sifted gradually stirring it about very gently with a long Steel Spatula or slice which you may buy big enough for your turn for ten pence at the Rasormakers As soon as you finde the Sugar all dissolved take it off immediately without letting it boil or be hot The Description of Syrupus Papaveris erratici or Syrup of Red Poppies TAke Red Poppy-flowers newly gathered two pound steep them one day and night in two quarts of warm water strain and press out the liquor which you must not clarifie but adde to it three pound and half of good Bahi-sugar and boil it gently to a Syrup The better way to make this Syrup is thus Take two pints of the Iuice of Red Poppy-flowers clarifie it after the same manner as shall be taught you at the latter end of this Chapter put to it a pound and three quarters of Bahi-sugar and boil it gently to a Syrup The Price It will come to three farthings the ounce The Apothecaries price By the ounce three pence Which is the common price of most Syrups excepting Laxative Syrups and Syrup of the juice of Pomgranates which are sold at six pence the ounce By the Instructions set down here in this Chapter you may easily attempt the making any Syrup and therefore I shall adde no more In the preparation of the Syrup of Marshmallows the manner of clarifying Decoctions was referred to the latter end of this Chapter which is thus Having strained your Decoction being only warm not hot through a canvas or woollen Strainer pour about a pint thereof into a Bafon wherein you have put before two whites of Eggs beaten with a Rod of small twigs and their shells crusht with your hands mix them well together by stirring them with a spoon or rather beating them into a froth with the foresaid Rod of twigs then put in another pint of the Decoction and mix it as before This done set it over the fire and let it boil a little until you see a scum a top then take it off and let it cool a little and then strain it and let it run through without squeezing or pressing it Note That two Whites of Eggs with their Shells are sufficient for clarifying a quart or three pints of Decoction The manner of clarifying Apozems is only thus Having clarified the Decoction as before is set down you heat it again and when it beginneth to boil mix the Syrup with it and let it continue on the fire until it casts up a scum then strain it twice or thrice being half grown cold The manner of clarifying Honey or Sugar will be inserted in another Chapter below CHAP. IV. The manner of making Conserves Conserve of Roses TAke a pound of red Rose-flowers gathered in a dry season before they are quite spread and their yellow bottoms clipt from them with a pair of Sissers bruise them well in a stone Mortar into an even smooth Mass like a Pulp adde to it two pound of white Sugar mixing it by degrees with the Roses by grinding them together with a wooden Pestle until all the Sugar be thorowly incorporated with the Roses Then put the Conserve into a stone pot covering it only with a paper and let it stand a fortnight or three weeks in the Sun stirring it about once or twice a week with a steel Slice or Spatula The manner of making Conserve of common Wormwood TAke of the tops only of common Wormwood freed from its stalks half a pound beat them in a stone or marble Mortar to an exact pulp mixing with it a pound and half of the best white Sugar in the same manner as was directed in making Conserve of red Roses Most Conserves are made the same way adding a double quantity of Sugar to the pulp of what Flowers or Herbs you intend to conserve excepting onely some sower and bitter Herbs and Flowers which require somewhat more Sugar The price of Conserves at the Apothecaries is two pence the ounce and two shillings eight pence the pound excepting some few as Conserve of Rosemary-flowers which is six pence the ounce and suchlike If you prepare the Conserves your self you will save above two Thirds in the price and probably may prove much better for usually Apothecaries put up their Conserves crude or raw without digesting them by the heat of the Sun for which defect they neither keep so long nor are they so safe to be used CHAP. V. The manner of making Lozenges Trochisci albi pectorales or the common white Lozenges TAke of the best white Sugar half a pound white Sugar-candy and Penide Sugar of each two ounces Florence Orris-root half an ounce Liquoris six drams of the finest Flour or Starch-flour six drams with the mucilage of Gum-dragant extracted in Rose-water make them up into small Lozenges The manner of preparing 1. The white Sugar the Sugar-candy and Penide Sugar must be pounded and sifted 2. Penide Sugar is prepared thus Dissolve the best Bahi Sugar in water over a gentle fire then clarifie it with Whites of Eggs in manner as hath been told you next strain it through a cloath and let it stand again over a gentle fire and boil away until it comes to such a bodie that it will stick to your Teeth then being almost cooled pour it on a Marble Stone being a little anointed over with Oyl of sweet Almonds keeping it together in a bodie as near as you can with your fingers being dusted over with a little Starch-flour When it is grown almost quite cold and ropie take it up with a steel fork to make it hang in ropes which with your hand being dusted with fine flour you may twine into what shape you please This being so prepared is called Penide Sugar 3. The Orris-roots must be powdered and sifted likewise the Liquoris powdered in this manner Take dried Liquoris scrape off the brown with a knife round about then cut it into small bits with a knife that is made of the same Metal which Shoemakers knives are made of These put into a brass Mortar and beat into powder Observe It being very troublesome to beat Liquoris into powder you may buy it ready poudered at the Druggists at a very small rate which you may read in the Catalogue of Prices belonging to this Treatise 4. The Starch-flour must be gently rubbed into a powder in a Mortar and then mix all of them together in the same Mortar by stirring the Pestil round about then pour to it as much mucilage of Gum-dragant as will suffice to bring the Powders into a Paste and beat it well together The Paste being rolled into long round Bodies or little Columns of the bigness of your little finger cut them into small round pieces like Parsenips are cut when they are to be eaten buttered 5. The mucilage of Gum-dragant is made only by steeping a little of the said Gum in Rose-water so long until it become thickish which it will do in twelve
been shewed you before and Agarick of each half an ounce the best Aloës one ounce Honey of Roses as much as will suffice to bring the foresaid powders into a Mass. The manner of Preparation 1. The Agarick must be grated on a fine Grater 2. The Aloës being powdered must be mixt with the Honey of Roses and afterward dissolved together over the fire 3. The foresaid Powders being put into the Mortar and mixt together pour on them a third part of the Honey of Roses with the Aloës dissolved in it and mix it well with the Powders by stirring the Pestle round then adde to it the other third part mixing it well together and so do with the remaining third part Afterwards when the Honey is incorporated and the mixture appears in clots beat it well together with the Pestle until it comes to a Mass. 4. You must know how to prepare Honey of Roses By the way take notice there are three sorts of Honey of Roses set down in the Dispensatory viz. Common Honey of Roses Honey of Roses clarified and Honey of Roses laxative It is the second sort of Honey of Roses is made use of in the incorporating the foresaid Mass of Pills which is prepared thus Take two pound and half of clarified Honey the Iuice of red Roses newly gathered a quarter of a pint new red Rose-leaves one pound boil them together until the Iuice of Roses be boil'd away then strain it 5. You must likewise be informed how to clarifie Honey Take what quantity you please of Honey put it into a new glased Pipkin or a brass tinn'd Preserving-pan pouring on every pound a pint of water let them boil up twice or thrice to the end they may be throughly mixt together and strain this Syrup once or twice through a close Canvas or Flannel Strainer Then to every quart of Syrup adde the white of an Egg with the shell crush't to pieces beating the said white of Egg with a Rod made of twigs or a Spoon into a froath mixing with it a small part of the Syrup while it is beating Afterwards pour in the rest of the Syrup which you must let boil so long until so much of the moisture is boil'd away that it comes to the thickness of Honey then take it off the fire and skim off the froath but if the Honey be very foul it 's necessary you should skim it while it 's boiling The Prices What the powder of Hiera Piera will stand you in is set down before the prices of Agarick and Aloës you may easily finde among the Rates of Drugs inserted below so that I need not take the trouble of computing this Composition To offer you the description or manner of preparation of any of the other Masses of Pills that are contained in the Dispensatory I judge absolutely superfluous in regard that a Physician by prescribing the mixture of these two Masses here described in such proportions as he shall apprehend necessary or by mixing one or both with some purgative Powders set down in one of the preceding Chapters or by mixing of either or both with some preparation of his own according to the indication of the Disease or Cause thereof I say he may easily answer all those intentions for which that excessive number of Masses of Pills described in the Dispensatory can be supposed capable to be used CHAP. X. Of Oyls The manner of drawing Oyl of sweet Almonds TAke half a pound or a pound of sweet Almonds beat them in a stone or marble Mortar to a paste pouring a spoonful or two of warm water among them while you are beating put the Paste up close into a piece of Canvas which press out gradually so that it may onely drop into a porringer or bason which you have put under it One pound of good Almonds will yield about two ounces and a half of pure Oyl which being drawn you are to unscrue the Press and take out the cake of Almonds and rowl it up again into a round lump and being put up close into the same piece of fine Canvas you may press again and draw about one ounce and half or two ounces more of thick Oyl which ought onely to serve for external uses Oyl of bitter Almonds is drawn in the same manner By the way I must tell you that few Apothecaries draw Oyl of sweet Almonds themselves in regard it is somewhat troublesome to draw and soon turns rank wherefore most Apothecaries about London buy it ready drawn at several places but chiefly at the Sun in Cheapside and at the Swan in Bucklersbury where they may have it new and at a cheaper rate than they can draw it themselves namely at two pence the ounce The description and manner of preparing of the Oyl of Mucilages TAke Marshmallow-roots fresh and Lin-seeds of each a quarter of a pound bruise them in a Mortar singly and steep them in a pint of water all night then boil them a little and press the Mucilaginous liquor hard out to a pint of this Mucilage adde a quart of common Oyl and boil it until all the waterish moisture be dried away but in the boiling you must be careful to stir it oft or else it is apt to burn at the bottom CHAP. XI Of Vnguents or Oyntments The Description of Vnguentum Aegyptiacum TAke Verdigriese grown'd very fine one ounce and a quarter Honey three ounces and a half of the sharpest Vinegar one ounce and three quarters boil them on a gentle fire unto the thickness of an Oyntment of a purple-colour The manner of Preparation The Verdigriese must be powdered and grown'd very fine in a brass Mortar and then passed through a fine linnen Cloath observing while you are powdering and sifting to hold your head back from the Mortar and keep your mouth and nose stopped with your Handkerchief to prevent those venomous steems from getting up into your brain After you have done using the Mortar be sure to make it very clean before you use it again 2. Put the Honey and Vinegar together into a brass pan or broad brass pipkin placed on the fire and as soon as it boileth put in the powdered Verdigriese and mix it with the Honey by stirring it gently with a Spatula Boil it and keep stirring now and then until the Vinegar is boiled away and that it come to the thickness of an Oyntment which you may easily know by letting a drop or two grow cold on the backside of a Plate or Marble Stone The Prices The Verdigriefe 2 d. ½d The Honey 1 d. 3 q. The Vinegar 1 d. ½ d. The whole 4 d. 3 q. For which you shall have four ounces of Vnguent Aegypt the ounce comes to almost five farthings The Apothecaries Prices The pound four shillings The ounce three pence In imitation of this Unguent Felix Wurtz prepared his brown Oyntment that is so much famed among most forreign Surgeons thus 1. Take Ground-Ivie Speedwell and Figwort of each one
said grease thus twice or thrice is sufficient for this Oyntment but for the Oyntment of Roses Vnguentum Album and Vnguentum Pomatum where whiteness is required to make the Oyntment look neat and very white you must wash it in the manner aforesaid eight or nine times The Hogs grease being wash'd put it into the Mortar and mix the aforesaid Herbs with it by stirring the Pestil oft about then put them into a clean Pipkin and let them stand about a month or so long until the other Herbs can be got which then must be also bruised in the Mortar and mixed with the grease and Poplar-buds this done set them in the Sun for eight or nine days stirring them now and then about with a Spatula At last put them into your Pan pour the rose-Rose-water upon them and let them boil until the superfluous moisture be boil'd away then strain and press them hard out and put them into an Oyntment-pot The Apothecaries sell this Oyntment for two pence an ounce The Description of Unguentum Album TAke Oyl of Roses nine ounces White Lead three ounces Wax two ounces Camphor two drams make them up into an Oyntment The manner of preparing this White Oyntment Cut your Wax into lumps and melt it together with the Oyl of Roses in a glas'd earthen Pan or a tinn'd Pan but not in one of brass because that will spoil the whiteness of the Oyntment Being melted and mixed together with a Spatula take it off when it 's grown half cold put in the White Lead being washed and very finely powdred gradually mixing it as it 's put in by stirring it about with a wooden Spatula Being grown almost quite cold mix in like manner the Camphor being powdred and grownd into a smooth even powder dropping a few drops of Oyl of sweet Almonds into the Mortar to anoint the bottom and end of the Pestle Note Oyl of Roses is prepared by steeping four ounces of red Roses before they are quite opened in a pint of Oyl of Olives that was pressed out before the Olives were ripe and setting it in the Sun six or eight days Then strain and press the Oyl from the Roses and put fresh red Roses to the Oyl and steep it again in the Sun the same do again the third time This Oyntment will not stand you in two farthings the ounce Apothecaries sell it at two pence the ounce and some at three pence CHAP. XII Of Emplasters The Description of Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummi TAke of the Oyl of Mucilages two pound Lithargyr of gold one pound pouring to them about a pint of water boil them until they come to the thickness of a Plaister then adde to them yellow Wax a quarter of a pound Gum-ammoniac Galbanum Opopanax Sagapenum all dissolved in Vinegar of each two ounces Therebinthin a quarter of a pound make them up into an Emplaster The manner of preparing this Plaister The Lithargyr must be powdred very fine and sifted then put it to the Oyl and Water and boil them stirring them continually until they come to the thickness of a Plaister then put to them the Wax cut into lumps which being melted put in also the Gums which you must first have dissolved over the fire in as much Vinegar as will swim a-top two fingers breadth this strain through a Canvas and evaporate it until it come to the thickness of Honey These being well mixt with the Oyl and Wax adde to them the Therebinthin which being also well mixt take them off and keep constantly stirring gently with your Spatula until it is almost grown cold then make it up into great Rowls between your hands being anointed with a little Oyl of Roses or other sweet Oyl Observe That the Gums will not mix so well unless the Oyl of Mucilages be a little cooled The Description of Emplastrum Sticticum Paracelsi TAke Oyl of Olives six ounces yellow Wax one ounce and half Lithargyr powdered four ounces and a half Gum-ammoniac Bdellium of each half an ounce Galbanum Opopanax Oyl of Bays Lapis Calaminaris of both the sorts of Aristolochia Myrrhe Frankincense of each a quarter of an ounce Therebinthin one ounce The Oyl Wax and Lithargyr must be boil'd together until it doth not stick to your fingers Afterwards the mass being a little cooled put the Gums to it being dissolved in Vinegar which by boiling let evaporate from it being strained and pressed hard through the Strainer at last put in the Powders Therebinthin and Oyl of Bays so make it up to an Emplaster I need not adde any thing for the instructing you in making of the Plaister since the directions set down in the manner of preparing the Diachylon cum Gummi will sufficiently guide you The Description of Emplastrum Diapalma or Diachalciteos TAke unsalted Hogs grease cleansed from its skins one pound Oyl of Olives pressed out before the Olives are ripe Lithargyr of Gold powdered fine and sifted of each one pound and half white Vitriol burn'd and powder'd two ounces the Lithargyr Grease and Oyl must be boil'd together on a gentle fire pouring to them a little Plantane-water and stirring them continually with a Spatula until they come to the body of a Plaister wherewith being almost cold you are to mix the Vitriol and so make it up into a Mass. Besides the instructions given you before you are onely to observe when this or any other Emplaster is boiling to drop now and then off of the Spatula wherewith you stir the melted Mass of Emplaster a drop thereof upon the backside of a Plate and let it cool and thereby you may judge whether your Plaister be boil'd enough This Plaister is sold by the Apothecaries at two pence the ounce Observe That in defect of the foregoing Paracelsus Plaister melting of two thirds of Diachylon with one third of Diapalma will very well serve for the same intent and purpose if not better The Description of the Emplastrum Opodeldoch of Felix Wurtz so much cryed up among Surgeons beyond-Sea TAke of the best Wax two pound Venice Therebinthin one pound Genoa Oyl of Olives three ounces melt them together pouring thereunto of the Iuices of Celandine Oak-leaves Starwort and Speedwel of each one ounce and half boil these until all the moisture be consumed then put to them Gum-ammoniac Galbanum Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar strained and evaporated in the same manner as was directed in preparing the Diachylon of each six drams Colophony one ounce and half Amber half an ounce Mastich Myrrhe Frankincense Sarcocolla of each three drams prepar'd Magnet one ounce and half Crocus Martis two ounces Crocus Veneris one ounce prepared Tuthia Lapis Calaminaris of each ten drams of the red sweet Earth of Vitriol as much as will make the Plaister red The manner of Preparing Observe That the Crocus Martis and Veneris Tuthia Lapis Calaminaris and Earth of Vitriol must be put in last when the Plaister is almost grown cold 2. The Magnet is
The manner of Preparation Note Instead of putting Sand into the Sand pan of your portable Furnace you must put in ashes or rather Saw-dust for to set the glass Alembick in to distil You must bruise the Roots in a Stone or Lignum Vitae Mortar shred the leaves and bruise them also in a Mortar and put them into such a glass stopt close and fixt in warm Water as was exprest in the Preparation of the foregoing Water The Prices The Roots at a half penny the half ounce come to 2 d. ½ d. The Leaves at a half penny the handful 8 d. The Wine at 4 s. Charcoal to burn in the furnace 4 d. The whole distillation will stand you in just 5 s. 2 d. d. The Pint of this Plague Water costs you seven pence in regard the whole Distillation will yield somewhat more than eight Pints the Ounce will come to less than three farthings computing Physically twelve ounces onely to the Pint. The Apothecaries Prices of Plague-Water By the Pint three Shillings six Pence and some sell it at four Shillings By the Ounce three Pence and some four Pence The Description of Aqua Mirabilis TAke of Cloves Galangal Cubebs Mace Cardamoms Nutmegs Ginger of each a dram juice of Celandine half a pint Spirits of Wine one pint Whitewine three pints Steep them four and twenty hours and then distil them in ashes in a glass Alembick The manner of Preparing The manner of steeping and distilling of this Water is the same with the foregoing Most Apothecaries and Distillers draw this Water off in a Copper Still with a Bucket Head or with one that goeth with a Worm The Spices before mentioned must be beaten to a course powder only for if you endeavour to bring them into a fine powder their principal vertue is apt to fly away in powdering By Spirits of Wine is here meant the best Nants Brandy Observe You are to distil this Water only half off and leave the other half in the Still because the first half will contain all the Spirits and vertue of the Ingredients whereas the other remaining half is found to be flat and sit for no other use than to wash your hands though it is to be feared that such as are greedy of gain distil it almost quite off The Prices The Spices all at 6 d. or 7 d. The juice of Celandine at 3 d. or 4 d. The best Nants Brandy the pint at 5½ d. or 6 d. Whitewine at 18 d. Charcoal 2 d. or 3 d. The whole Distillation which is two pints and a quarter comes to 2 s. 10 ½ d. or 3 s. 2 d. The Pint comes to seventeen or eighteen pence The Ounce comes to five farthings or a little less The Apothecaries Prices By the pint three shillings six pence and some four shillings By the ounce three pence and some four pence The Description of Cinnamon-Water according to the Dispensatory TAke a quarter of a Pound of Cinnamon steep it four and twenty hours in three Quarts of Brandy then distil it in ashes in a glass Alembick which renders a purer Water by much than a copper Still The manner of Preparation Observe You are to bruise the Cinnamon gross and into every Pint of the distilled Water you must dissolve two Ounces of the best white Sugar Here is a great deal of hot burning Brandy to a little Cinnamon wherefore you will do better in preparing it thus Take three quarters of a pound of Cinnamon bruised steep it eight and forty hours in a quart of Rose-Water and a pint of Whitewine then distil it as long as it drops milkie in a glass Alembick in Balneo that is in Water poured into your Sand-pan instead of Sand or Ashes but if your Pan be not large enough to contain a sufficient quantity of Water you may make use of Saw-dust instead of the Water and keep a very moderate fire in the Furnace What this Water will stand you in you may easily compute your self The Description of Aqua Raphani composita or the common compound Water against the Scurvey TAke of Garden and Sea-Scurvey-grass leaves of each three pound press the juice out of them and thereunto mix of the juices of Water-cresses and Brooklime three quarters of a pint the best White-wine two quarts Limons cut into small slices six in number Briony roots newly taken out of the ground two pound Hors-radishes one pound Winters bark a quarter of a pound Nutmegs two ounces steep them three days and distil them in Ashes in a glass Alembick or copper Still with a Bucket Head The manner of Preparation The Briony and Horse-radish Roots must be bruised together in a stone Mortar the Winters bark and the Nutmegs are to be beaten to a gross powder in a brass Mortar The juices are to be pressed out of the said Herbs in the same manner as was told you in the preparation of Treacle-water Put the Ingâ—â—dients into a glass Receiver and pour the Juices on them stop the Glass very close with a Cork and a Bladder and place it in a cool Cellar for two or three days Observe 1. If you should let those Ingredients stand in steep in hot Ashes Sand or warm Water that would certainly diminish the vertue of those light flying Salts and Spirits 2. The juice of Limons mortifying the said light flying Salts and Spirits may be more conveniently left out than added 3. When this Water hath been kept a month or two though never so close stopt you may be certain it hath lost very much of its vertue 4. This Water being distilled as exactly as may be yet is not half so effectual as some Spirits which are published in my last Treatise of the Scurvie The Prices Upon the valuation of the Herbs Roots and Bark according to the Rates I have already informed you before you shall finde that this Water may be prepared at six or eight pence the pint and at a half penny the ounce The Apothecaries commonly sell this Water at three shillings six pence the Pint and three pence the Ounce The Description of Aqua Brioniae composita or the London Water against Fits of the Mother TAke of the Iuice of Briony-roots one pint of the leaves of Rue and Mugwort of each half a pound Savin dryed a little less than a handful Fetherfew Nip Penny-royal Basil of each half a handful of the outside of fresh Orange-peel one ounce Myrrhe half an ounce Castor a quarter of an ounce Canary-wine three pints steep them four days in a Glass well stopt and then distil them off in a glass Alembick in Balneo or warm water The manner of Preparation The dryed Herbs which are the Savin and Penny-royal may be beaten together to a gross powder The other Herbs which must be green and fresh are to be shred small or beaten to mash in a wooden or stone Mortar The Myrrhe must be poudered by it self and the Castor cut into small thin slices mix all these