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in_o proportion_n one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o they_o ought_v but_o nevertheless_o i_o shall_v counsel_v you_o to_o experience_n from_o time_n to_o time_n your_o composition_n for_o the_o great_a surety_n before_o you_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o public_a view_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v also_o among_o the_o rest_n very_o necessary_a that_o you_o learn_v the_o force_n and_o strength_n of_o every_o material_a you_o put_v into_o the_o composition_n whereby_o you_o may_v at_o your_o pleasure_n know_v how_o to_o alter_v and_o vary_v your_o proportion_n as_o you_o shall_v judge_v fit_a chap._n xvi_o of_o star_n and_o fiery_a spark_n call_v by_o the_o german_n stern-veve_a and_o veverputzen_n i_o have_v show_v the_o composition_n of_o star_n in_o chap._n 5._o i_o have_v also_o show_v the_o way_n of_o make_v they_o up_o and_o their_o use_n and_o also_o i_o have_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o give_v to_o they_o various_a colour_n as_o in_o the_o 22_o rule_n of_o the_o 13_o chapter_n where_o 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ball_n they_o must_v be_v cover_v on_o all_o side_n with_o prepare_a tow_n of_o which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o way_n of_o prepare_v in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o firework_n sometime_o fire-master_n be_v aecustome_v to_o take_v in_o the_o place_n of_o these_o little_a ball_n a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o melt_a matter_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o firework_n but_o if_o these_o do_v not_o please_v you_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o swart_a colour_n but_o you_o rather_o desire_v to_o see_v they_o yellow_a or_o incline_v somewhat_o to_o white_a then_o take_v of_o gum-arabic_n or_o tragacant_a four_o ounce_n powder_n it_o and_o pass_v it_o through_o a_o sieve_n of_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o aquavitae_n two_o ounce_n salt-peter_n a_o pound_n and_o a_o
prepare_v salt-peter_n from_o a_o nitrous_a earth_n the_o earth_n and_o matter_n of_o salt-peter_n be_v find_v common_o in_o great_a abundance_n in_o obscure_a shadow_a place_n where_o no_o rain_n nor_o any_o fresh_a water_n do_v penetrate_v nor_o likewise_o where_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o ray_n can_v communicate_v his_o heat_n it_o be_v likewise_o draw_v from_o horse_n dung_n under_o stable_n and_o from_o cover_a place_n where_o great_a and_o small_a cattle_n be_v shut_v up_o likewise_o in_o such_o place_n as_o man_n use_v to_o piss_v in_o or_o jaquese_n or_o the_o like_a place_n or_o in_o place_n where_o have_v be_v make_v great_a fight_v or_o where_o have_v be_v lay_v up_o together_o many_o dead_a body_n and_o earth_n throw_v upon_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o in_o few_o year_n may_v much_o salt-peter_n be_v draw_v i_o shall_v declare_v three_o several_a way_n whereby_o to_o ground_v your_o judgement_n with_o more_o certainty_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o place_n from_o 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boil_v over_o the_o cauldron_n to_o prevent_v that_o danger_n have_v in_o readiness_n other_o lixivium_n make_v of_o three_o part_n of_o ash_n and_o one_o part_n of_o quick_a lyme_n as_o we_o speak_v before_o in_o which_o be_v dissolve_v roch_n alum_n allow_v to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o lixivium_n four_o pound_n of_o alum_n and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o rise_v pour_v in_o a_o little_a of_o this_o from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v see_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v hasten_v to_o come_v over_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o that_o the_o common_a salt_n and_o more_o terrestrial_a part_n will_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o earth_n remain_v in_o the_o wooden_a tub_n from_o
or_o of_o a_o certain_a saline_n humour_n no_o otherwise_o than_o other_o salt_n be_v produce_v of_o their_o own_o proper_a brines_n do_v at_o last_o or_o in_o a_o long_a time_n separate_v itself_o from_o the_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n and_o so_o return_v to_o a_o brine_n water_n again_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_n and_o so_o abandon_v the_o other_o two_o matter_n that_o adhere_v to_o it_o the_o sulphur_n and_o coal_n lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o weight_n see_v that_o no_o humidity_n that_o be_v attract_v can_v be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v they_o but_o rather_o by_o the_o contrary_a the_o coal_n do_v attract_v greedy_o and_o become_v more_o ponderous_a if_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a you_o desire_v to_o repair_v and_o restore_v the_o strength_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o begin_v to_o alter_v or_o that_o have_v quite_o lose_v its_o force_n its_o defect_n may_v be_v amend_v three_o several_a way_n etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o first_o be_v thus_o make_v a_o lie_n of_o two_o part_n 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it_o be_v first_o dry_v if_o it_o chance_v to_o be_v wet_a then_o see_v the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o weight_n and_o add_v so_o much_o salt-peter_n to_o your_o decay_a powder_n mix_v it_o well_o and_o make_v it_o up_o into_o corn_n again_o and_o preserve_v it_o as_o before_o the_o three_o way_n to_o restore_v the_o strength_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v such_o as_o be_v most_o plain_a and_o common_o use_v among_o the_o powder-man_n they_o put_v upon_o a_o sale-cloath_n or_o smooth_a place_n or_o board_n a_o portion_n of_o damnify_v powder_n to_o which_o they_o add_v a_o equal_a weight_n of_o that_o which_o be_v new_o make_v and_o then_o with_o their_o hand_n or_o wooden_a shovel_n they_o mingle_v it_o well_o together_o then_o they_o dry_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o put_v it_o up_o into_o a_o barrel_n again_o and_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o proper_a place_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o way_n may_v be_v allow_v but_o this_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o make_v new_a powder_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o take_v what_o quantity_n of_o decay_a powder_n you_o please_v put_v it_o into_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a vessel_n pour_v upon_o the_o same_o three_o time_n so_o much_o hot_a water_n stir_v it_o well_o about_o and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v cold_a or_o have_v stand_v one_o hour_n or_o two_o strain_v the_o water_n away_o and_o to_o the_o fece_n put_v more_o water_n stir_v it_o well_o about_o then_o let_v it_o stand_v and_o settle_v as_o before_o and_o strain_v it_o from_o the_o fece_n this_o do_v a_o three_o time_n and_o you_o will_v have_v draw_v out_o all_o the_o salt-peter_n put_v these_o water_n in_o a_o clean_a kettle_n and_o boil_v it_o away_o until_o so_o much_o be_v consume_v as_o that_o a_o drop_v drop_v upon_o a_o stone_n or_o iron_n do_v congeal_v then_o pour_v it_o into_o some_o wooden_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v congeal_v into_o salt-peter_n and_o that_o water_n as_o remain_v you_o must_v boil_v up_o again_o as_o before_o and_o if_o need_v be_v you_o must_v in_o the_o boil_a scum_n what_o rise_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n have_v by_o this_o art_n obtain_v the_o salt-peter_n out_o of_o the_o decay_a gunpowder_n you_o may_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n give_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o powder_n mix_v it_o with_o its_o remain_a sulphur_n and_o coal_n or_o fresh_a sulphur_n and_o coal_n which_o be_v better_o and_o after_o it_o be_v well_o mix_v corn_n it_o according_a to_o the_o give_v rule_n then_o let_v it_o be_v well_o dry_v and_o put_v up_o into_o dry_a powder_n barrel_n and_o let_v it_o be_v conserve_v in_o a_o dry_a place_n from_o air_n or_o any_o moisture_n some_o do_v mend_v their_o powder_n in_o this_o nature_n they_o moisten_v it_o with_o vinegar_n or_o fair_a water_n beat_v it_o fine_a and_o sift_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o and_o to_o every_o pound_n of_o powder_n they_o put_v one_o ounce_n of_o meal_v salt-peter_n then_o moisten_v and_o mix_v they_o well_o so_o that_o neither_o may_v be_v discern_v one_o from_o the_o other_o but_o that_o they_o be_v perfect_o incorporate_v which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o cut_v the_o mass_n with_o a_o knife_n or_o break_v it_o when_o it_o be_v well_o compound_v let_v it_o be_v corn_v in_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v before_o prescribe_v if_o your_o composition_n of_o powder_n be_v make_v up_o with_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la and_o so_o make_v up_o into_o great_a ball_n and_o well_o dry_v in_o a_o stove_n or_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o put_v into_o glaze_v earthen_a pot_n and_o close_o cover_v you_o may_v keep_v it_o as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v for_o age_n will_v not_o decay_v it_o there_o ought_v always_o a_o care_n to_o be_v take_v by_o gunner_n or_o fire-master_n or_o such_o as_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o gunpowder_n to_o choose_v if_o they_o can_v such_o place_n as_o be_v dry_a and_o stand_v upon_o the_o best_a ground_n free_a from_o dampness_n of_o the_o air_n or_o any_o water_n possible_o come_v near_o every_o gunner_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o take_v care_n that_o his_o barrel_n be_v turn_v upside_o down_o or_o any_o carthredge_n ready_a fill_v for_o if_o the_o powder_n attract_v air_n the_o peter_z with_o the_o moisture_n it_o have_v attract_v will_v in_o time_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o matter_n and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o powder_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v loose_v its_o strength_n which_o be_v prevent_v by_o turn_v and_o shake_v they_o every_o fourteen_o day_n and_o air_v they_o at_o the_o sun_n at_o convenient_a time_n and_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a a_o gunner_n shall_v have_v carthredge_n fill_v for_o present_a service_n those_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v turn_v out_o and_o fill_v again_o every_o fourteen_o day_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o gunner_n in_o his_o judgement_n shall_v allow_v of_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o property_n and_o particular_a office_n of_o every_o material_a in_o the_o composition_n of_o gunpowder_n we_o ought_v infallible_o to_o believe_v that_o gunpowder_n be_v not_o find_v out_o casual_o or_o by_o fortune_n but_o invent_v by_o a_o true_a knowledge_n and_o by_o reasonable_a speculation_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n consider_v that_o to_o this_o day_n no_o man_n have_v oppose_v notwithstanding_o many_o person_n have_v make_v it_o their_o endeavour_n or_o can_v find_v any_o other_o material_n like_v unto_o these_o or_o of_o such_o a_o nature_n which_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o incorporate_v together_o they_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v a_o fire_n so_o vigorous_a fearful_a powerful_a and_o above_o all_o so_o inextinguishable_a that_o the_o whole_a universal_a matter_n be_v consume_v in_o a_o moment_n which_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v since_o we_o make_v not_o much_o difficulty_n particular_o in_o this_o our_o age_n wherein_o we_o live_v to_o add_v many_o thing_n to_o the_o invention_n of_o other_o and_o that_o as_o the_o physician_n say_v all_o that_o have_v a_o beginning_n do_v pass_v from_o imperfection_n to_o perfection_n we_o desire_v therefore_o it_o may_v be_v permit_v since_o the_o inventor_n have_v leave_v we_o nothing_o in_o write_v to_o propose_v here_o some_o observation_n of_o speculative_a truth_n draw_v from_o experiment_n which_o have_v be_v make_v about_o the_o strength_n nature_n effect_n and_o office_n of_o all_o the_o matter_n comprehend_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o gunpowder_n as_o well_o of_o the_o particular_n as_o all_o make_v up_o into_o one_o body_n for_o i_o believe_v that_o have_v insinuate_v into_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o property_n and_o the_o affection_n as_o well_o specificate_v as_o general_n of_o all_o its_o ingredient_n no_o body_n more_o will_v fall_v into_o those_o error_n which_o be_v too_o often_o commit_v in_o the_o
it_o be_v find_v in_o different_a form_n for_o some_o be_v find_v full_a of_o hole_n or_o cavern_n like_o a_o sponge_n other_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v firm_a close_o solid_a shine_a and_o diaphanous_a as_o glass_n which_o be_v let_v fall_v easy_o will_v split_v in_o thin_a leaf_n and_o be_v fryable_a in_o beat_v and_o from_o its_o various_a appearance_n be_v judge_v its_o manifold_a virtue_n in_o one_o more_o powerful_a than_o another_o which_o be_v know_v by_o its_o operation_n from_o hence_o we_o see_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o best_a receive_a author_n about_o the_o mineral_n niter_n and_o in_o none_o be_v any_o mention_n make_v of_o artificial_a salt-peter_n or_o such_o as_o we_o at_o present_a make_v use_n of_o general_o which_o be_v call_v proper_o salt-peter_n sal_fw-la nitre_n or_o halinitre_n yet_o be_v there_o very_o little_a difference_n between_o the_o natural_a that_o use_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o we_o and_o the_o artificial_a for_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o virtue_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o one_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o in_o our_o use_n no_o way_n d_o ffer_v as_o scaliger_n testify_v say_v that_o the_o ancient_a niter_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o we_o particular_o if_o we_o consider_v its_o tenuity_n and_o subtle_a part_n there_o be_v of_o the_o ancient_a niter_n find_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o old_a wall_n expose_v to_o the_o humidity_n but_o particular_o in_o cellar_n and_o deep_a cave_n and_o in_o cover_a vault_n it_o resemble_v perfect_o a_o certain_a brine_n or_o white_a jelly_n or_o fine_a meal_n or_o in_o more_o proper_a speak_n fine_a sugar_n and_o be_v many_o time_n white_a as_o snow_n and_o this_o thus_o have_v the_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v commend_v which_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v in_o the_o imitation_n of_o many_o other_o which_o i_o have_v often_o see_v which_o if_o now_o it_o be_v desire_v to_o prepare_v this_o salt_n according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o art_n it_o will_v be_v congeal_v into_o small_a little_a long_a crystal_n like_o icicle_n and_o it_o will_v be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n but_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o find_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o the_o continual_a use_n do_v consume_v and_o necessity_n do_v excite_v to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o all_o war_n which_o have_v be_v great_a and_o in_o few_o year_n consume_v many_o great_a and_o vast_a place_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o this_o new_a subject_n and_o be_v force_v even_o to_o study_v and_o invent_v in_o these_o latter_a age_n a_o new_a way_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o the_o former_a which_o be_v make_v with_o much_o labour_n and_o industry_n from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o purify_v and_o wash_v divers_a time_n to_o separate_v it_o from_o its_o more_o gross_a and_o terrestrial_a part_n and_o take_v from_o its_o first_o crudity_n that_o its_o may_v show_v its_o likeness_n of_o its_o mother_n it_o be_v in_o the_o end_n perfect_o purify_v and_o bring_v to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o it_o differ_v nothing_o to_o he_o of_o the_o same_o form_n and_o virtue_n of_o the_o ancient_a salt-peter_n wherefore_o if_o i_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o speak_v my_o thought_n upon_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v open_o and_o plain_o leave_v none_o in_o doubt_n the_o ancient_n do_v indeed_o find_v natural_a grow_a niter_n which_o come_v out_o of_o itself_o at_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n fill_v the_o cleft_n and_o hole_n and_o there_o condense_v into_o small_a icicle_n it_o harden_v and_o petrefy_v this_o niter_n be_v natural_a but_o since_o art_n be_v the_o imitator_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o than_o you_o may_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a if_o we_o can_v by_o a_o little_a of_o her_o aid_n and_o by_o force_n of_o industry_n attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o her_o production_n nay_o if_o i_o may_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v it_o such_o as_o shall_v surpass_v by_o far_o the_o more_o perfect_a of_o her_o work_n do_v we_o not_o daily_o see_v a_o infinite_a of_o very_a principal_n work_v bring_v to_o light_n after_o a_o long_a and_o painful_a travel_n which_o be_v not_o permit_v nature_n to_o imitate_v although_o she_o do_v employ_v at_o the_o best_a all_o her_o secret_a and_o full_a strength_n to_o come_v to_o perfection_n it_o may_v from_o hence_o herefore_o be_v conclude_v that_o our_o salt_n make_v by_o the_o art_n of_o fire_n be_v such_o as_o be_v every_o way_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n not_o any_o way_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o especial_o as_o to_o those_o use_n we_o intend_v here_o for_o if_o according_a to_o our_o method_n give_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n i_o dare_v affirm_v in_o all_o our_o use_n it_o will_v true_o imitate_v the_o natural_a but_o the_o more_o if_o it_o be_v purify_v and_o purge_v many_o time_n so_o that_o at_o last_o it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v more_o excellent_a than_o the_o ancient_n and_o natural_a salt-peter_n which_o be_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o purify_n common_a salt_n or_o sugar_n which_o by_o art_n be_v so_o purge_v that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v far_o pure_a and_o white_a than_o it_o be_v before_o in_o its_o first_o natural_a dress_n and_o this_o we_o do_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n or_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o judge_v that_o our_o artificial_a salt-peter_n be_v not_o only_o as_o good_a but_o far_o more_o excellent_a than_o the_o natural_a which_o be_v thus_o allow_v we_o will_v add_v only_o a_o few_o word_n of_o the_o property_n of_o niter_n and_o so_o pass_v to_o its_o artificial_a preparation_n and_o first_o of_o the_o spit_a quality_n and_o noise_n it_o make_v in_o the_o fire_n which_o scaliger_n will_v have_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o its_o terrestrity_n that_o it_o hold_v in_o itself_o which_o we_o can_v allow_v of_o but_o rather_o judge_v otherwise_o for_o if_o the_o earthy_a part_n be_v the_o subject_n that_o make_v it_o make_v such_o noise_n than_o the_o earth_n itself_o may_v be_v adjudge_v to_o make_v a_o far_o great_a noise_n see_v it_o be_v also_o mix_v with_o this_o element_n and_o yet_o we_o find_v it_o crack_v not_o at_o all_o be_v put_v in_o the_o fire_n therefore_o by_o consequence_n this_o reason_n be_v void_a well_o then_o be_v it_o of_o its_o rarity_n which_o aristotle_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o can_v pass_v for_o a_o truth_n since_o daily_a experience_n do_v let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o mushroom_n or_o toad-stool_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o a_o most_o rare_a thin_a nature_n yet_o make_v no_o noise_n when_o put_v upon_o burn_a coal_n neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n that_o be_v join_v to_o these_o more_o subtle_a part_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o crack_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o pumicestone_n will_v not_o spit_v nor_o crack_v nor_o make_v any_o noise_n in_o the_o fire_n although_o it_o be_v of_o a_o substance_n sufficient_o spongy_a and_o hard_a there_o must_v therefore_o be_v another_o thing_n that_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o spit_v and_o all_o the_o noise_n that_o be_v make_v by_o nitre_n when_o it_o be_v embrace_v by_o the_o fire_n the_o divine_a praeceptor_n in_o the_o 11_o section_n of_o his_o question_n say_v that_o the_o salt_n crack_v in_o the_o fire_n because_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o much_o moisture_n which_o be_v attenuate_v by_o the_o fire_n and_o rarefy_v in_o a_o high_a degree_n convert_v all_o into_o spirit_n and_o a_o airy_a nature_n for_o in_o it_o there_o be_v contain_v more_o of_o a_o spirit_n than_o watery_a matter_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o fire_n the_o two_o fiery_a spirit_n mutual_o attract_v each_o other_o and_o join_v together_o do_v become_v master_n of_o the_o lesser_a part_n the_o water_n for_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o niter_n be_v fortify_v and_o put_v into_o action_n by_o the_o common_a fire_n the_o water_n be_v constrain_v from_o its_o bond_n and_o can_v stay_v no_o long_o there_o but_o must_v of_o a_o sudden_a depart_n and_o in_o its_o way_n by_o the_o violency_n of_o its_o departure_n overthrow_v all_o such_o obstacle_n as_o come_v in_o its_o way_n and_o in_o this_o action_n the_o external_a air_n be_v strong_o and_o violent_o agitate_a by_o their_o refraction_n it_o break_v with_o impetuosity_n or_o great_a violence_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o consequence_n follow_v that_o hideous_a and_o fearful_a noise_n which_o common_o and_o ordinary_o happen_v in_o the_o combustion_n of_o salt-peter_n and_o other_o composition_n mix_v with_o it_o whereof_o salt-peter_n be_v the_o great_a part_n chap._n ix_o the_o way_n of_o