Tree as well for Delight as for necessary Use The Leaves are good for a broken or bruised Shin and heals it when they are laid on fresh twice a Day these Leaves chewed in the Mouth cause a sweet Breath There is a Water Distilled of Orange Blossoms which is of a pleasant Smell and is useful for many things in Physick chiefly to cause Sweating to strengthen the Heart and many Distempers more whereof the Writings of Physitians and Herbalists are full To make this Water the Orange Blossoms shall be gathered in the Morning before the Sun hath Shone on them and Distilled in a Pewter Still with a slow Fire that they may not in the least be Burnt for this Distilling must only be done by Steaming out whereby we shall get though but a little yet nevertheless a very Pleasant and strong Water Ye may likewise if ye desire a greater Quantity Distil them in a Limbeck but then the Water shall not smell so Sweet The Blossoms of Orange Trees are very good to be laid in a Chest of clean Linnen to give it a pleasant Smell But to draw Oyl out of the Blossoms by Distillation is not well possible here in these Countries because the abundance which is hereunto required is too great for six hundred Pounds do scarce yield two or three Ounces Yet that we may not be wholy deprived of this pleasant Smell here is afterward Taught how we shall Prepare this another way To make an Extraction with Brandy from the Orange Blossoms take to every Pint two Ounces of Blossoms set them in the Sun to Distil fourteen Days long and use thereof a spoonful together against many several cold Distempers and Aills and especially against the Cholick or shrinking of the Guts To Preserve these Blossoms in Sugar which is commonly called Confiting they shall be gathered just before they open and boiled in clean rain-Rain-Water till they be soft and have in part lost their Bitterness after boyl the Sugar to a convenient thickness of a Syrop and pour the same after it is well Purifyed with Whites of Eggs and thoroughly Clear warm upon the Blossoms and let them stand cooling together if the Syrop be too thin or becomes so afterwards ye must boil the same again to its convenient Thickness that the Blossoms may be kept and preserved the better This is a most excellent Remedy against bad Airs foul and stinking Vapours and also an excellent Dainty Furthermore of Orange Blossoms there are made Pastilli or little Balls after this following Fashion Take fifty Blossoms which are quite open pluck them off by the Stalk that ye may not touch the Leaves as little as is possible that the Sent may not be spoiled cut the Leaves with Scissers very small one by one To this take a pound of the best Loaf-Sugar-Candy that may be got beat the same fine and put them in a little brass Bason and add three Ounces distilled Water of Orange Blossoms thereunto stir it with a Spatula till it be mingled together which then set upon Coals thoroughly kindled and let it boil leisurly till when taken up between your Fingers it begins to stick to them as it were with fine small Threds then take it from the Fire and put the clean cut Orange Blossoms into the boyled Sugar stirring the same together with a Spatula till it be well mixed then take a Board of hard Wood which is full of little hollow Places and strow it thick with fine beaten Sugar then fill all the holes full with a silver Spoon of this mingled Syrop which when cold and then taken out the Sugar which hangs about them must be taken off with a Knife from these little Balls and then you have Pastilli which are very Good Pleasant and Useful for many things especially to strengthen the Heart and against all Faintings They are also a good Means against all bad unhealthful and pestilential Airs the same melted in rose-Rose-Water or Sorrel-Water are very usefully Taken and Used with Benefit in all malignant Agues and other Sicknesses which have their Original from Cold. There is yet an Oyl made of these Blossoms on this manner Take Nuts of Egypt Pistaches or for want of them sweet Almonds the newer the better press the Oyl out of them but without Fire that it may keep Sweet the longer then take white and purified Cotton which is free from all Spots foul or musty Sent otherwise it must be made Clean on this manner following viz. It must be soaked in a Pot of strong Brine till all bad Scents be drawn out of it and being washed again in fresh Water wet it again in the forementioned Oyl yet so that the Oyl doth not drop out of it of it self take then a new Earthen Pot and cover the Bottom with new gathered Orange Blossoms lay thereon a Laying of this oyled Cotton and then Blossoms again and so on a Laying of the one and a Laying of the other till the Pot be filled which then cover close with a Bladder and put it in a dry Place not Cold nor yet too Warm these Blossoms shall be changed every Day taking away the Old and putting in fresh ones instead thereof and that five or six Days one after another and then Squeese or Press the oiled Cotton which Oyl gives a most sweet and pleasant Smell fit to be used in many Perfumes As soon as this hath stood some time the Dirt and Waterishness being setled and the Oyl Clarified from it and become clear you may use it as your Occasion serves This kind of Oyl of Orange Blossoms is taken out of Ferrarius who had Learned it of one Franciscus Dagus and hath been made several times by others according to this Prescript and is found very Good The same Author Relates yet another much shorter Way after this manner Take a Pound of Oyl of Nuts of Egypt Pistaches or of sweet Almonds new pressed a Pound of Orange Blossoms pick off the Leaves of them which only must be used beat them in a stone Mortar put them in a glass-Bottle and pour the Oyl on them and having stood three or four Days strain the Oyl from the Blossoms through an hairy Strainer and part it from the watry Moisture which is mixt therewith throw the old Blossoms away and put in fresh ones and that to the third time then separate and draw off your Oyl and make it clear to Perfume Gloves and other things The same may be done with the Blossoms of Gessamines There is also a Salve made of Orange Blossoms Take white Wax Sperma-Caeti of each an Ounce melt them over a soft Fire and being taken off put to it of our above mentioned Oyl of Orange Blossoms as much as is convenient which shall be stirred together with a Spatula or little Ladle till it be well mixt together and cold It shall be cooled as soon as is possible that through too much Heat the Oyl
Trees are taken up at the said time with a good lump of Earth about the Root they must be provided with Turf or earth Moss that the Mass may continue whole and no Earth fall off Let them be packt with the whole Head eight or ten more or less according as they are in Bigness in a sugar Chest covered and set into the Ship in an airy place and so they may keep good six or eight Weeks but the shorter the Voyage is the better Here must we be Cautious that Care be taken there be no opening nor any Holes made in the Chests lest the Rats which often are many in Ships spoil the Stocks for we have had the Experience hereof to our Sorrow that the Barks have been eaten round about from off the Trees whereby our long Expectation was frustrated And this is what concerneth the Transportation out of Italy whereby our Hesperâ—â—â—s hath taken her first Rise and Beginning in Netherland CHAP. XXIX Of the Placing of the Limon and Orange Trees THey that will Order and Husband these Trees aright must first make a good Choice of a fit and convenient standing-place where they must be continued all the Summer To which end we must prepare in the Garden a Conveniency to the South or South East and if it be possible right before the winter Place or green House and in case the Sun be very hot as sometimes it is in May make choice of a Place which hath a little Skreen of shady Trees before it for generally about that time the Trees be a little Sickish which if they are they will not endure the full heat of the Sun by which sometimes several Plants have been lost for this there must remain a Space of 25 30 or more Feet wide according to the Measure or Largeness of the Ground or Garden It will be very Useful that this Place be fenced about foursquare with an Elder Hedg or other Fruit-Trees twisted together and raised high to prevent and take away all access of the Wind In this manner may an open airy Shelter or warm place be made which is very acceptable to these tender Strangers there to receive the Beams of the Sun which comes to recreate these Hesperial Virgins between the fruitful Fences and cause one with an other a Mixture Pleasant and Delightful to the Eye and Sight The Summer Placing must be taken if it be possible to the South-East and above all reject all the West South-West and all the Parts of the North because many great Storms filthy Vapours and hurtful Winds do frequently proceed thence which even our own country Fruit cannot endure much less these and therefore must they as much as is possible be shut out that no Distemper or loss of Leaves to the great Prejudice of the Growth may be caused for without such a fit standing Place we shall in vain expect to raise and to bring these Trees and their Fruit to Perfection We find by many unskilful Practitioners and Managers in this affair of Husbandry who take no care for the standing Place that they commonly are furnished with pining and unthrifty Trees Wherefore then the Warmth and keeping of the Wind from them is highly necessary as also the Choice of the said Situation which is observed even in Italy and must therefore much more in these our Countries If it be possible and the Conveniency permits that this placeing of the Trees may be before the winter or green House we shall find that these sweet Perle-Hills shall not only fill the Eyes of their Master with a glorious Sight in the time of Blowing but also replenish and fill his Parlour with a most fragrant and pleasant Smell through the opened Windows CHAP. XXX Of the Mold Earth and Dung DIvers sorts of Earth may be used in the Ordering of them as the daily Experience teacheth that every one may help himself according to the Condition of his Habitation In Italy about St. Remo is found a yellow fat and heavy clay-Ground the Brabanders have sandy and gravelly clay Ground and about Haerlem in Holland the Gardiners use a well dunged sandy Ground wherein these Trees do bring forth their Fruit in too luxuriant a manner In short we may at all times prepare a fit Mold with Sand Earth and Dung wherein these Hesperial Plants shall thrive most lustily and petulantly if old rotten Dung be not wanting therein It is certain that the purer the Dung is the better it is we use a well dunged Earth with white and soft Sand mixt together For the preparation and fitting of this Ground all Earth or Sand is not alike fit the toffe Clay because of its Coldness must be rejected and another Earth chosen which is brown soft lusty sweet fat and of a good sweet Smell which we may try by letting the Earth stand some hours in sweet Water now if the Water keep its sweet Tast and Smell it is a sign of good and fit Earth whereas otherwise it is contrary and Sand is necessary to it according to this Prescript White fine and soft Sand duly prepared Gives Fruits when laid on with Reason The forementioned Earth Sand and Dung divers times digged together must lye the whole Winter to be frozen thorough When the Frost is done it shall be wrought together divers times to use it which then will be serviceable and useful for the Work The Preparation of the Sieur Munting is unnecessary to Rehearse who makes his Mixture of sixteen Parts and Ingredients because it can be done of less The Dung that is here required must be of Cowes Horses or Sheep according as it can be got no Man needs to ty himself strictly to it one of the three is sufficient if it be but observed that the same be not too new and fresh but old the sharpness thereof being well spent and rotten I know that there are yet other things used for Dung as of Hens Doves Shavings of Horns Lupins and the like but to us the plainest way seemeth best and Caution every one against the costly Preparation which some make and use as one Species Kind of Dung to force the Orange Trees out which is described by Munting in his Ordering of Plants in these Words Take Pidgeons Dung or Sheeps Dung not too old as much as you will or of both a like Quantity put it into a Glass set it in the Sun and pour rain-Rain-water upon it when the Strength thereof is drawn and gon into the same then pour off that Water and put a little fresh rain-Rain-water to it wherein a little bit of Salt-peter hath been steeped or soaked four and twenty Hours Water therewith your Trees sometimes and you shall find a wonderful forceing Power in the same c. Hitherto Munting Certainly I can by no means judg such a forcing about this Work for good Whereof we have seen an Instance at Amsterdam in the Year 1662 with the Sieur Paulo de Rageau who also
the Sun as then doth not cause any Soultryness in the Vessels whereby the Trees might be stifled and lose their Leaves and Fruits Secondly This time must be observed that the Trees may be at the place where ye would have them before they come to shoot out and secure them the better against all Dammage but if the Voyage be long by Sea the Removal must be sooner in the forepart of the Year that the Trees may be at the designed place before the warm Weather and not partake of the foresaid Harms In this Removing is yet another Danger besides the breaking and spoiling of the Boughs and stifling of them viz. that of Rats against which we must take Care that the Stocks and Heads may be kept whole and unspoiled for it may happen that this hurtful Vermine being pinched with great Thirst eat the Barks of these Trees and so spoil mangle and Kill them as hath happened to us The best means against this is to cause some Pots with fresh Water to be set in the Ships about the Room where the Trees stand that this Vermine may quench their Thirst and these tender Travellers be brought over in the most comely manner to their Master If this removal must be done by Land ye are to take Care only that they may be safe in the Waggons from breaking and hitting against something or against one another To this belongs the removing as into so also out of the winter Place or green House when the Summer begins to draw to an End and it is come to about the eight of October or the twenty eighth of September the Trees shall be brought under a Shelter or Cover in a fair a clear Day when the Leaves are well dry whether it be a Gallery made of Reed or Straw or otherwise as a Man hath the Conveniency letting them stand there some Days till ye see that it begins to be time to put them into the winter Place or green House which is ordinarily about the middle of October or somewhat later according as the Days are fair and the Weather good In the setting of the Trees you must observe that they stand Airy and as little as is possible into one another lest by the hanging of the Heads in one another the Leaves and Boughs stifle neither must they be placed too near the Stove or fire-Place to receive any Hurt by the Heat and ye must make the placing so that ye may easily come to the Trees to help them upon all Inconveniency In the Spring about the tenth of May when it is mild and rainy Weather remove the Trees again out of the winter Place or green House into the open Air but not at first into the hot Sun-shine because they cannot so suddenly endure the same but lose thereby their Leaves and Fruits therefore you must stay for a Day that it rains or otherwise you shall bring the Trees for some Days into a shady Place to use them again by degrees to the Air and Sunshine how you are further to Order them in the winter Place or green House shall be said afterward CHAP. XXXVI Of Dunging Refreshing and digging about the Trees THE dunging of Limon and Orange Trees is done according to the Diversity of Climates and because we intend to direct this Ordering according to the Condition of our Belgium Netherland this Work must be done in the Month of May as soon as the Trees come out of the Winter-Place or Green-House and that every two or three years according as Necessity requires Digg the old Earth one Hands breath or more round with a sharp Trowel or small Spade out of the Tub or Pot wherein the Tree stands as deep as you can come withal taking away the old fibrous Roots spent and worn out Earth this being done fill the Tubs up again with fatdunged light fine sifted Earth which hath been prepared some time before for it and often wrought together with old Cow and Horse-dung till the same be well mixed and rotten and after the said filling up make the uppermost Earth even letting the same ly lightly to further the Influence or soaking in of the Water which by Rain or Watering comes upon it By means of this Dunging and Refreshing can this noble Plant be Nourished in narrow close Vessels with great ease and maintained in Fruitfulness We have only propounded the most simple and plain Way as being the surest leaving the Artificial which some have Invented and Endeavoured to Recommend to the World for Wonders but deceiveth none more than those that use it most as we have touched upon before in part in the Description of the Dung. The digging about is done yearly in the Spring against the time that the Trees come out of the Winter-Place or Green-House and is nothing else but a taking away of the uppermost Earth of the Tubs two or three Fingers breadth deep and filling them up again with other Good instead of the spent and worn out Dung thereby by this maintaining as much as is possible to strengthen and bring Nourishment to the Earth in the Tubs and Pots CHAP. XXXVII Of Watering BEing the Nourishment of Trees and whatsoever Grows out of the Earth consists out of the finest Particles of the Earth and Water which spreads and disperses itself through small Pores along by little Strings like Veins through all their Parts and by the natural Warmth being strengthned with the Heat of the Sun which pierceth from without doth turn into the Shape and Form of those Parts to which it is brought and being Water is Necessary whithout which no Tree can Live for it serves to the loosening and thinning of the said Parts that the same may the more conveniently be drawn up through the opened Pores and carried to the Place where they are turned into Nourishment And seeing our Hesperial Strangers want the free Use of the Earth with us and must be contented with small and narrow close Tubs and Pots it is necessary we lend them the helping Hand by bringing Water to them which by the Rain except it be of long continuance cannot be sufficiently given or is hindred through the width and breadth of their Heads which cause the Rain-Water to run most down by their Sides wherefore the help of watering is highly requisite here Among all the Parts of this Ordering this is none of the least and we must observe first the Choice of Water and secondly the time when we shall Water Ferrarius whom we here also follow puts sweet and constantly running Spring and River-Water for the best as being most Piercing and wholesomest and next to the Rain-Water which is gathered and kept in Cisterns or Tubs and thirdly Well or Pump-Water which is commonly Cold hath many Defaults and Properties which it carries with it out of the different Grounds whence it Springs Much less in Virtue is the Water which comes out of Moorish Places but worst of all is
that of standing Lakes and Ponds also that which is thick saltish brackish sulphureous and of gross Parts which must be rejected for this Use and that only be chosen which is here above Approved viz. that VVater which hath a good Smell sweet Tast without any Slyminess which in the VVinter is somewhat Luke-warm and in the Summer moderately Cool for this is judged wholesom and pleasant as well for Men as for Trees but River and Rain-VVater excelleth all other when enough may be had we shall keep to it There be Persons that prepare several Mixtures with Dung Saltpeter and VVater to water therewith but being we rejected that in the thirtieth Chapter and have spoken of it before we shall say no more to it now VVe must order our selves according to the Difference of the Seasons to water Orange Trees In hot and dry VVeather it must be done every second or third Day in the Evening when the Sun is going down and Shines no more upon the Trees for if they be watered in the heat of the Day it will cause a great Sickness wherefore we stay till the Evening by reason that the heat of the Sun having layn upon the Roots all the Day they may thereby in some measure be Refreshed This watering must be done with Care so that the Earth be kept moderately moist and not too wet and reduced to a dirty Myriness we must also beware of the Stocks lest they chill by the Water which comes against them grow foul mossy and come to a pining Sickness We must especially observe that the Water we shall use in watering must be warmed in the Sun before it be used because cold-Water is very hurtful to the Trees therefore we use Casks and Tubs or wooden Troughs which stand all the Day long in the Sun and wherein the Water is put the Day before it is used The time when this watering begins and ends here in these Countries is commonly May to the latter end of August or somewhat longer according as the Days be Wet Hot or Cold. We must observe this general Rule in this Affair which is above in some measure touched upon viz. that we do not water these Trees too much for if they be kept too wet it cools and chills the Root and the Leaves grow Yellow too much driness is also hurtful so that Moderation must be observed here which we may sufficiently know by the Earth itself for these Trees must not be over-watered As long as the Trees stand in the Winter-Place or Green-House they are seldom watered except Necessity requires it which may be discerned by the shrinking in of the Leaves and the limberness of their Fruits and then the watering must be but little till the Faintness ceases and the Fruits and Leaves return to their former State When this watering is to be done we shall warm a Pot with Water over the Fire and so temper it with cold VVater that it is fitly lukewarm as if it had stood a Summers Day in the Sun for great Cold is very prejudicial to the Roots In the Spring from April to May we shall seek to cherish these Trees by a slowish Feeding or Refreshing with VVater which is set upon the Tubs in flat Pots or Pans wherein ly longish Pieces of woollen Selveges which by little and little suck it in and so thence distills again into the Earth which thus in time begins to moisten and give Nourishment to the Tree but if we do water much in the Spring the Fruit will Mourn and fall off which according to Ferrarius his Opinion comes to pass because the Trees have sufficient Moistness and Sap in them and ascends from the Root whereby the Fruits are as it were loosned and fall off Hitherto now what concerneth watering if it be well observed in the Blowing time and swelling of the Fruit we shall find that the Trees are Cheerly and Merry and shall richly Reward the Master's Labour and Pains with Blossoms Fruits and pleasant Leaves CHAP. XXXVIII Of Cutting or Pruning A Two-fold Cutting or Pruning is used about these Trees First That which is used yearly by taking away the dead VVood and superfluous Branches Secondly The taking or cutting of the whole Head First The Pruning which the Limon Tree requires is about the superfluous VVood which the Tree often makes and must needs be cut off as well in regard of the good Shape of her Head as of the common welfare of her Fruits for through want of this work the Limon Trees get irregular slender Heads which render them Ungraceful to the Eye Secondly VVe must also clear them of the dead VVood which discovers itself in the fore-part of the Year while they yet stand in the House and is caused through Moistness which falling down upon the Boughs and Leaves produces Stifling and Moldiness which by a sharp Property bites and eats out the Life of the tender VVood and Leaves and causes a pernicious Deadness and Infects the whole Bough in a short time if we be not careful about it to stop the Malady by cutting off therefore must this be taken away to the Quick and the VVounds covered up with grafting-VVax to prevent further Corruption The Orange Tree is likewise subject to the forementioned Evil wherefore he must be handled as the Limon Tree in this case But yet he hath this peculiar that he often produces at the fore-ends of the Boughs very Close Churlish and many small Shoots and they especially with curled and wrinkled Leaves which do the more strongly draw and suck away the Nourishment and hinder the farther shooting of young Branches and make the Trees to Blossom too much whereby at last a Consumption is caused To prevent which these superfluous Twiggs or little Shoots are in their beginning broken or taken off and but two or at most three left together or if you find that too many of these Shoots or Twiggs are left they are taken away at the ordinary time of Pruning to the end the next new coming may come forth the more strongly and lustily When we observe that the Limon and Orange Trees begin to leave Growing and fail to shoot new Branches which are Signs that the growing Virtue is decayed being caused by the abundant Blossoming and Fruit-bearing then shall ye cut the whole Head off within an Hands breadth and Transplant the Tree into fresh Earth as is taught before Cap. 8. after the Roots are well cleared Whereby the same obtains as it were a new Life and we get again likewise instead of Trees decayed young and flourishing ones This pruning Work must be taken in hand in the Spring viz. assoon as the Trees come out of the VVinter Place or Green House and according to Ferrarius his Lesson in the VVain of the Moon but for the cutting away of Sear or dead VVood no time is to be observed for the taking off of the whole Head we can prescribe
of Amsterdam and a great Lover of this Husbandry Further others have set their Trees upon little Benches or Frames of half a Foot above Ground whose Feet being made of little thick short pieces of Wood stand in little Troughs which are kept full of Water and keep these Pernicious Creatures from the Trees The Earwiggs which devour and spoil these young tender Shoots may be catcht with pieces of coarse Linnen laid in the Trees and so kept in and Curbed Spiders hurt the Limon and Orange Trees by Spinning the Leaves together and by pulling the young Shoots together whereby the Leaves become Black Foul and are hindred much in their Growth The only Remedy against this Evil is to catch the same and so chasing away these Tyrants to make these Plants free from such a filthy Crew Concerning other Mischances of Winds bad Airs thereof is taught before how they may be hindered and kept off When the Trees in the Winter are Housed they are often troubled with Mice and Rats because they cannot come by Water wherefore it is not amiss to provide the winter Place or green House with Traps and Pans of Water that this Vermine may either be catcht or their Thirst quencht to compel them to excuse and leave the Trees as we have seen that very much happened to Sieur William Vanden-Heuvell What concerneth Snails and Caterpillers it is not found in this Country that they bring any Harm to these Plants and therefore Unnecessary upon this Occasion to Admonish or Mention of them If they be found on them the best Means against them is to catch them CHAP. XL. Of the winter Place or green House and its Use BEcause it is impossible to Order these Outlandish Plants well in these Countries except we know how conveniently to defend them in the winter Season against the Frost and Cold which cannot be done if there be not a good winter Place provided We see that in Brabant and Flanders they use arched Cellars to avoid the inconveniency of making Fire But thereby they also commonly lose their fruit which through or by reason of the little air and moist Vapours which the Trees receive decay and fall off except they be again carried out of the Cellar into a lightsom room as soon as the frost is over which is not well to be done for any one that hath a great number of Trees by reason the labour would be too great and chargeable because of the multitude besides with the frequent removing we run the hazard to spoil the heads by hitting them against some thing or other To this Work is at least a lightsom Room required which is free from all Cold piercing Winds and hath Glass-Windows to the South that the Sun Shining in the Winter may refresh these tender Strangers with her pleasant and grateful Beam What manner of Winter-place or Green-house soever we prepare Care must be had that it stand with the open part as much as is possible to the South Here I might give the description and the dimention of several Green houses set down by the Author but think it needless because as the Author saith every one may and doth make them as he thinketh good and Convenient Yet the Use is one and the same Viz. for the preservation of tender plants which cannot endure and stand out against our Cold Winter storms and Tempests From the time that the Trees are set into the Green house or Winter place we must begin to take Care to watch against all Incident inconveniencies and unchanches for through carelessness more harm may be done in one night then we can again overcome and repair in an whole year but on what time such must be done cannot be well prescribed in regard of the Months because the Condition of the Weather must shew it For it happeneth many times here in this Country in some mild Winter that the Glass-Windows are whole days open and therefore it serves for a general rule that as long as it is fair Weather and doth not freeze the Wooden Shutters shall be left open day and night to the middle of November and then shall they be shut before the Sun goes down But when it is misty misly and frosty Weather they shall be kept close and it must not be tedious to a practitioner to open and shut the Windows though often in one day for the more the Trees are aired the better it is to prevent all stifling and moulding Now when it begins to freeze tho not so hard as that it freezeth within the house then open only the Wooden Shutters to the end that the Sun shining into the winter place or green house may refresh the Trees and the Fruits and against the evening before the Sun is set the same must be shut again that in the night they may not suddenly be surprized by the Cold. Now when the Frost begins to increase the Green house shall be wholly kepr shut and we must take Care there be no holes or chinks for the Wind to come in or through for where the same doth light it doth great harm and causeth Frost the sooner within doors Nevertheless when it is a fair Sun shine at noon day the same may be let in through the Glass-Windows and being gone Shut them again Close Now when it Freezeth so hard that there is no longer keeping within Doors without making Fire which we may observe by putting some Pans or Pots with Water here and there in the Green-House and when we see that Freeze then is it time to make Fire in the Stoves which is commonly done early in the Morning and at Night about nine of the Clock But if it comes to pass that these two Fires are not enough in the Day then also a Fire must be made at Noon-Day and in making this Fire keep also this common Rule As long as the Water doth not Freeze in the Pans we need not to make a Fire and when the Water doth Freeze we must make no greater Fire then that we see the Ice to grow loose and that the Frost can lay no hold thereon for if we make too hot a Fire it shall do more Hurt then if it came to Freeze once in the Green-House It once happened to me that the Frost took the Trees by Night and the Leaves and Fruits were stiff as if they had been white with the same which was caused by the Carelesness of the Gardiner To repair this Mischance there was a slow Fire made in the Stove and not an hot or great one at first through which Sweet pleasantly increasing VVarmth the frozen Leaves and Fruits began by Degrees to Thaw and to come to their former Condition yea I had never more ripe Fruits then in that same Year 1668. It comes also sometimes to pass that in the Green-House or VVinter-Place there hang many Drops of VVater at the Ceiling when many Days together a