Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	little_a	night_n	pain_n	8,213	5	10.5166	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06916	A discource of horsmanshippe Wherein the breeding and ryding of horses for seruice, in a breefe manner is more methodically sette downe then hath been heeretofore. With a more easie and direct course for the ignorant, to attaine to the same arte or knowledge. Also the manner to chuse, trayne, ryde and dyet, both hunting-horses, and running-horses: with all the secretes thereto belonging discouered. An arte neuer heeretofore written by any authour.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1593 (1593)	STC 17346; ESTC S107909	59,189	84

is made is but branne or chissell and this branne is nothing but the outmost shale or huske of the Corne the meale and strength whereof is taken away now when y ● vertue is bereft what remaines but a dry haske thing without eyther nutriment or spirite And what can that I pray you preuaile with a horse that must endure extreame labour Then they kneade it with nothing but colde water which makes it so heauy and sad that it lyes in the stomacke of a Horse and neyther turnes to good blood nor any other nutriment but onely to putrifaction and grosse humors which commonly come to the Anticor consumption of the lunges painein the lyuer the yellowes and diuers other such like diseases all which bée mortall Againe Branne is extreame hote and dry therefore the horse that shall much féede thereon it will enflame hys blood scalde his stomacke and breede in him many filthie diseases as the scabbe itch or farcin and such like Some againe will aske me sith I disalowe this common Breade why in the other breade I bidde them take Beanes not Pease My answere is because Beanes are a more strong and cleane foode then Pease and lesse purssie and the meale they make is a great deale finer If they demaund why I put in the Wheate my answer is because it is comfortable and full of spirite it bréedeth in a Horse lust courage and liuelinesse If for what purpose the Rye then for this because the two former graines bée of great strength and altogether bynding therfore I put in the Rye which is altogether loosening and scowring that being ioyned with the former it kéepeth the Horse coole and in good temper in his body Nowe why I kneade it with Barme that is to make the breade light and fine that it may be easie of disgestion and not lie too long in the Horses stomack Hauing such breade as this and hauing taken awaie your Wheate strawe you shall then alter your Horses exercise in thys manner Earely in the morning by fiue or sixe a clocke after your Horse is drest and trymd sift thrée or foure handfuls of Oates cleane and giue thē him which so soone as he hath eaten then immediatly bridle him vppe and tye him to the bare Racke then saddle him and after he is sadled throw his cloath ouer him so let him stande till the Houndes be ready to goe forth a hunting at which tyme take his backe but in any case no spurres on your héeles but ●nely a switching rodde and so goe foorth with them and spend that day in hunting till three or foure of the clocke in the euening prouided alwaies that you gallop him not but onely thwart and crosse from Hyll to Hyll to make in with the ●ogges exceeding not his trotte at anie time and this order see you daily obserue for a fortnight at the least ● When you haue thus spent the day and are come home sée that there be ready in your stable fresh litter enough thē sette him vppe and tye him in his bridle to the bare Racke and all to rubbe and chafe him insomuch that if hee be eyther wette with sweate or any other thing you leaue hym not till he be as dry as may be then vnsaddle him rub hys backe thorowly with all hast clothe him vp warme and stoppe hym round with hard wispes then picke his feete cleane and chafe his legges and so let him stande on hys brydle a quarter of an howre after which time come to him and gyue him a handfull of Oates halfe so much Hempeséede mingled together Thys Hempe-seede is the most gentlest and easiest scowring that can be gyuen to a Horse the vertue whereof is this If in the dayes hunting you haue eyther disolued any grosse humors in the Horse as labour wil alwaies doo or melted any of his grease it will clense and bring it away from the Horse as you shall perceiue the next morning by his doung which you shold alwaies regard and looke vnto very much for it will be greasie and full of slimie matter Hauing thus gyuen him Oates and Hemp-seede bridle him again and let him so stand halfe an houre or an houre After which tyme vnbridle him and put into his Racke a little bottle of Hay like a halfe-penny bottle in an Inne and let him for an howre or there abouts eate his Hay then gyue him such a quantitie of Breade as you in discretion shall thinke fitte neyther so much as you may cloy him and make him refuse it nor so extreame little that you ease his hunger nothing at all Then let him stande hauing Hay in his Racke til nyne of the clocke at night at which time come to him and rub him well all ouer then hauing faire water in the house water him then sift him foure or fiue handfuls of Oates and mingle with them a good quantitie of Bread and giue it him Then shaking his lytter about him leaue him for that night As soone as you come to him the next morning verie earely to dresse him the first thing you doo looke what doung he hath made if it be greasie darke coloured and foule then it is a signe the Horse is foule within full of glut and purssinesse if it be well coloured that is to say of a pale yellow hauing no grease in it then is it a signe that your former dayes hunting did take nothing at all of him but that his grease remaineth in his body vnwasted wherfore the next day you may take the more of him yet not so much that you force him to gallop The second thing you looke vnto must be whether hée haue left any prouender in the Manger vneaten or no if he haue left any then shall you sweepe it away and bridle him vp giuing him no meate at all till night that he come from hunting for that dayes gentle exercise and fast will gette him a stomacke and make him eate his meate with lust and greedines If he haue eaten all cleane and left no prouender then shall you giue him thrée or foure handfulles of Oates or els some Breade whether of them you please to eate whilst you are dressing him Lastly looke in the Racke what Hay he hath left if hée haue left neyther Hay nor prouender then the next nyght giue him the same quantity of Hay but a good deale more prouender for it is a signe he had not before halfe enough If he haue eaten vp all his Hay yet left his prouender vneaten which is commonly the property of a great féeding Horse then the next night giue him but halfe of much hay and the same quantity of prouender as before that not hauing hay enough to fill his belly hee may be forced to eate his prouender or els fast which if he doo one night or two be sure he will not the third Then dresse him saddle him and haue him abroade vsing him in all poynts according to the

in the Manger before him If hauing fedde him in the morning you finde any at noone sweepe it away and giue it to some other Horse and giue him fresh so likewise doo either at euening or night or at other times For this first weeke and the seconde looke that you hunte your Horse very sore and giue him strong scowrings of which scowrings sith there be diuers of sundry natures and operations I will before I goe any further sette them downe together with theyr vertues wishing you to apply them thereafter least in mistaking of them as manie doe you rather hurte then profite your Horse Therefore first as touching these two scowrings before mentioned the one of Hemp-séede the other Rosemary and butter These two are of all the easiest for they search nothing of themselues but onely purge away such matter as is before disolued As they purge the body so they perfume the head open the pypes and make cleere passage for wind therefore they be the best for fat horses There is another which is Garlike stampt and lapt in rowles of Butter and so giuen to the Horse this scowring onely purgeth the head breaketh fleame and preserues a Horse from any disease that commeth of colde therefore it is to be gyuen to a Horse that is eyther thicke winded or subiect to take cold Butter and Saunders mingled together and made in pellets is of the same vertue that this is and worketh the same effect onely it is of more strength and force Then is there Sallet oyle and Mylke mingled together and so luke-warme to be giuen to a Horse thys purgeth the stomacke entrailes of all grosse matter and molten grease therefore it is good for a fatte horse Also some vse to giue this scowring to a Horse that is newe taken from grasse as soone as hee is brought into the house Also there is Sallet-oyle and Muskadine to be gyuen together this is of the same vertue that Sallet-oyle and Milke is saue that it is some-what more comfortable for as it purgeth so it strengtheneth therefore it is to be giuen to a sicke and weake Horse If you giue a Hore Musterd-séede in his prouender it is very good for though it clenseth the stomake little or nothing yet it purgeth the heade excéedingly therefore to be vsed to the same Horses you vse Butter and Garlike Lastly and the chéefest scowring of all is this Take the leaues of Boxe and dry them at the fire till you may crush them in péeces then mingle with them Brimstone beaten to powder and gyue it your Horse in his prouender yet very discréetly as by little and little at once least your Horse take a loathe at it and so refuse it This purgeth the head stomacke and entrailes of all manner of filthines leauing nothing that is vnsound or vncleane it cureth the cold it killeth the wormes grubbes or bots in a Horse and it neuer abateth but increaseth courage flesh Therefore it is to be giuen eyther to foule Horse or cleane Horse but chifely to the cleane Horse because it will preserue hym from any foulnes Thus haue I sette you downe sundry scowrings with theyr natures vse them accordingly and you shall perceiue their vertues A fortnight of your monethes keeping being spent in sound hunting as is aforesaid in which I woulde wishe you to haue a certaine knowledge of your Horses goodnesse and hauing vsed such scowrings as you finde to be fittest for the state of your Horses body which when you perceiue to leaue their working and that there comes nothing from your Horse but cleane excraments without grease or filthines then may you be certaine and wel assured that your Horse is cleane within sounde and without anie manner of imperfection eyther of winde or disease Then shall you the second fortnight endeuour to continue the aforesaid cleannes and to augment his strength courage and abilitie you shall for this fortnight make him Breade in thys manner Take of Beanes a strike of Oatmeale two pecks of Wheate two peckes and of Rye two peckes All these being ground together and finelie sifted let it be knoden with new Ale the Barme and all being beaten together in the fatte If you put the whites of Egges into it it will be the better and the more wholsome for the horses winde These being well knoden together let them for an houre or there abouts lye in the kneading tubbe that it may haue time to swell then let it be wrought vp and baked in great loaues With this Breade and with Oates see that you féede your Horse extreamely euen so much as hee will eate As for his exercise let it be thus foure or fiue times in a wéeke let him goe foorth on hunting yet in any case let him not gallop especially to straine himselfe aboue twise a wéek at the most If he be such a kettie horse that you perceiue hée feedeth too fast and that you feare he will were pursie then may you once or twice a weeke about foure a clocke in the euening after you haue trotted after the Houndes all day sending your Houndes home breake into a mayne chase with your Horse and so giue him a good sounde sweate which so soone as you haue giuen then taking him vp both in good lust and courage walke him softly vp and downe sometimes trotting sometimes racking till you haue coold him well and then carrie him home and sette him vp in the stable In this wise exercise your Horse till it be within three dayes of your match during which three daies let your Horse take his rest saue that you may if you will walke him foorth to gette him a stomacke if it faile him as it is ●ikelie it will because for those thrée dayes you must night and day watch with him making him to eate all the meate he eates out of your hand And when he hath eaten a little offer him a little dish full of water to drinke and then gyue him more bread● then offer him more water and in thys manner féede him till he be full Then let him take his rest and lye downe and alwaies when he riseth doo the like and in this sorte feede him till his match day prouided alwaies that you let hym haue Hay in his Racke and let hym be ledde to the Fielde bequeathing the rest to God and good fortune CHAP. 4. The secretes and arte of trayning and dyeting the Horse for a course which we commonly call running Horses THE difference betwéene the Hunting-horse before mencioned and the Horse for a course is great therefore the arte of more estéeme and the secretes more woorthy disclosing The first which is the Hunting-horse hath his vertue consisting in long and wearie toyle this other in quicknes of spéede and suddaine furie And as the one requireth a whole day for his tryall so this other in comparison must dispatch in a moment For the choyce of your running Horse it nothing differeth frō your hunting

whereof followeth To a fatte Horse that is ayred before day through the sharpnes of the ayre cold dew and discomfort by want of day or sunne-shine it abateth his flesh and dryeth vp purs●nes it refresheth him if he be dull and causeth courage it getteth him a stomacke it greatly increaseth his wind and addes a great desire vnto him to runne and scope If he bée leane and ayred in the pleasantnes of the morning fayre sunne-shine it prouoketh pleasure and maketh a Horse proude in himselfe by reason whereof his strength which want of flesh decayeth is the sooner recouered For as ayring before day diminisheth flesh so this augmenteth it keepeth him from lothing his meate so that you can hardlie cloy him but hys stomacke will be ready to receiue meate as oft as you offer it him which is the chiefest thing to bée regarded in a running Horse because they will ordinarilie take such loathings to their meate y ● they will refuse what euer you make proffer of and is no way to be remedied but by ayring this kinde of ayring helpeth the Horses winde and giues him desire to endure labor If your Horse be in good state of body neyther too fatte nor too leane then the ayring him after day and before sun-rise shall kéepe him in that state and neither abate nor increase his fatnesse but onely help his wind preserue his stomacke and make him willing to endure his course the better Being ayred and sette vp after his legs haue béen well rubd and chafed vnbridle him and giue him the quantity of a penny wheaten loafe or as your discretion shal rule you for in these quantities your owne witte must be your gouernour of that breade which is last prescribed for your Hunting-horse in the former Chapter which as soone as he hath eaten leaue him swéet Wheat-straw in his rack shut vp your stable windowes and the doore and let him rest till it b● twelue or one of the clocke in the afternoone at which time after you haue put away his doung made your stable cleane vnclothe him and dresse him as is before expressed in the form●r Chapter and then clothe him vp again as he was before hauing due regard that during the tyme he is naked you let him not stand still but be working or dooing somewhat about him for whilst a Horse dooth eyther sturre himselfe or hath his Kéeper labouring about him so long the Horse will neuer take cold When you haue finished your dressing leade him out in your hand to the water and let him drinke his fill Now for that there is great diuersitie in waters as namely some smal some strong some feeding some scowring I wil shew you which water is for which Horse First for the fat horse the smallest water is best as that whose spring issueth from the Rocke and runneth vppon stone or peeble which to the eye is pure and cleere as Christall For the leane Horse the strongest water is good as that which runneth from some dunghill or that which issueth from some common sewer so it be refind and sweetned by his course of running or the Riuer into which is cast much garbidge blood or other ex●raments For the Horse that is in good state of body as neyther too fatte nor too leane a meane betwéene these woulde doe well as the standing pond water which is fedde by a fresh spring or that which issueth from eyther chaulke or lyme stone for that water which I tearme small as indeede it no●risheth little it altogether scowreth and clenseth both the body and raynes it preserueth a Horse from the stone and helpeth paine in the kydneis yet is it to the taste both vnpleasant and vncomfortable Those waters I cal strong are bynding pleasant comfortable and full of nutriment yet béeing taken excessiuely breede many badde ●mors as fluxe of badde blood head-ache dimnesse of sight and great pursinesse Those waters which are a meane betwéene th●se two extremities are the best and most whols●mest there●ore to be had most in vse and y ● other two put as phisicke helps in tim● of neede onely And thus much touching waters particulerly now in generall thus The lesse water your Horse drinketh the better so that nature through too much drought be not inflamed for by drinking you may kil your Horse by want you can neuer hurt him And sith I am thus farre entred into the treatise of water I will in generall shew the discommodities that grew by letting your Horse drinke vnaduisedly First if before you course your Horse you let him drink in his course you shall not onely hazard the breaking of his winde but also assuredly endaunger the incording or bursting him Besides in such a case hee can neyther showe spéede trueth nor any goodnes If after he hath cou●st and is hote you let him drinke you shall eyther founder him in hys bodie which is a mortall disease or els so suddainlie coole his grease that it will clappe to his hart and cloy him so as eyther hee will die instantly or els consume and waste away in short time after which manner of death vnskilfull Horsemen attribute to ●uiltlesse diseases therefore in such a case there is no other remedy but st●ong scowrings comfortable Mashes If after you haue courst your Horse and rested him two or thrée howres you then in the hous● gyue him colde water you shall so force him to qu●u●r and shake that hee will be in daunger of a Feuer or worse infirmitie which shaking if at any time you see your Horse vse immediatly take his backe and trotte him vppe and downe till hee bée warme or els with a good r●dde in the ●able chafe hym till he leaue trembling And thus much for the discommoditie of water Now to returne backe to my purpose after your Horse hath drunke and is sette vp againe his legges beeing well chaft and rubd let him stand half● an howre vpon his brydle which time being expired gyue him the like quantitie of breade as you did in the morning or if you find he eateth his bread with no good appetite you may giue him fiue or sixe handfuls of Oates well dusted and sifted in a fine siue suffering him so to rest till fiue of the clocke in the euening At fiue of the clock come to him put away his doung with your foote and giue him of bread or Oates which you find he hath most minde vnto as you shall perceiue by offering him first a little of the one and then of the other such lyke quantity as is before prescribed vppon which let him rest till it be two or thrée howres within darke night at which tyme brydle him vppe and leade him forth to ayre dooing in all poynts as you did in the morning saue that as in the morning you leade him to the height of a Hyll so in the euening you must leade him vnto the valley neere the edge of some running Ryuer where he may receiue

in those whites wash your Oates which beeing thorowly washt dry them agayne in the Sunne and gyue them to your Horse according as your discretion pleaseth Of all foodes belonging to a running Horse thys is the lightest finest and most excellent for hys wind You may also if you please finding your Horse grosse and kettie in the morning before you ayre him giue him a new laid egge or two rawe at hys mouth which is very soueraine for a foule Horse because it scowreth the stomacke and procureth long wind During thys fortnight let your Horse after euery two dayes rest haue a course yet in all not aboue thrée courses that may be sore in déede and the rest in a playing maner not exceeding a good round gallop After euery course let hym haue a swéet Mashe because that will clense and scowre away all such filthines as shall by his coursing bee dissolued If your Horse be eyther so old that you dare not well aduenture to course him so oft as you would for feare of decaying hys courage or renuing of former straynes which might bring hym to lamenes or if the weather bee such that you cannot course in it or there be any other impediment to hinder that exercise which should bring your Horse to perfection and neuerthelesse you are both compelled to holde your wager and also find your Horse in no good temper you shall then to bring hym to perfectnesse gyue hym a sweate in his clothes in the stable after thys manner Fyrst you shall stryppe hym naked then take a blanket and warme it hote against the fire foulding it in many fouldes thys blanket thus heated wrappe rounde about your Horses bodie next hys hart pynning the same verie close and strayte then lay vppon him two or thrée other blankets and two or three good thick Couerlets gyrt these about hym with a Sursingle and make them fast and close before hys breast then stoppe the Sursingle rounde about with great wispes of strawe and lay him good store of lytter vnder hym vppe to the bellie In thys maner let him stande a quarter of an howre your stable beeing made so close and warme as is possible If in that space he beginne not to sweat lay some more clothes vpon him if all that doo no good then take him forth of the stable and leape vpon his back trotting him in some faire Court or Close til he begin to sweat and then set him vp again and lay a blanket or two more vpon him In this manner let him sweat for an howre or an howre a halfe during which time stand by him and with a cleane cloth wipe away the sweat from his face and necke When hee hath sweate sufficiently you shall coole him by little and little as first taking away one cloth and then within halfe a quarter of an howre another and so one after one til you haue lightned him of diuers hauing great regarde to haue some Kéeper with you who with wispes and clothes may all the while rub his face his neck his belly and flanckes till with his rubbing and the abating of his clothes he become to be as dry as euer he was When he is thus dryed and clothed againe after his vsuall manner giue him a swéet Mashe and all the day after féede him well with breade These manner of sweates be the onely meanes that may be to bring an extreame fat Horse to cleannesse and the hye way to bring a leane horse to such pouerty that he will hardly be able to goe As these sweats be violent and of great force so to a fat Horse that hath strength to endure them they adde such lightnes agilitie and pleasure that they be wonderfull profitable one of these sweates doth take as sore of a Horse as thrée courses therefore the seldomer to be vsed and the greater care to be taken in vsing them If your Horse in this fortnight beeing vnacquainted with dyet or being inwardly hote of himselfe shal proue so costiue or bound in his body that he can either hardly dung or dunge more hard then you would haue him which is a great signe of vnsoundnes and sicknes to ensue then to remedy that impediment and preuent daunger to come you shall when you bring him from ayring giue him hys Oates washt in strong Ale the Ale beeing no more but draynd from them Thys kind of foode is coole and loosening it is strong and hartie yet doth a little increase pursines therefore more fitte for the leane horse then the fatte yet in time of neede conuenient for both If this washt meate preuaile not but that his costiuenesse continueth then it shall be necessary for you to gue● him that scowring of Butter and Garlike mencioned in the Chapter of hunting Horses which assuredly will loosen any Horse yet but in a reasonable sort neither And withall as it maketh solible the body so it purgeth the head of impuritie and increaseth wind Yet beware you scoure not your Horse too much for as to be too extreame costiue is an euill signe of sicknes so to be too much loosened is a signe of weakenes therefore kéepe him in an indifferent temper rather hard then too soft so the collour of his dunge be good which is pale and white hot redde and hie coloured And thus much for this second fortnight Nowe for this last fortnight which is all you haue to kéepe him in before you runne your wager as I sayd before so shall you now obserue the same howres for ayring the same times for féeding and dressing him as is before mencioned onely his water you shall giue at no certaine time but alwaies when you féede him after hee hath eaten a little giue him a dishfull of water and then let him eate againe and then a little more water and in this manner let him haue his meate and water together but haue care that hee haue no more water then to quench thirst not to glut his gréedie nature For this fortnight you shall let him haue no Wheate-straw nor any other thing els in his Racke and for hys heade you shall prouide a mussell of Leather or Ca●uas made like a bagge to come ouer his mouth with two holes before his nostrels for to receiue his winde which beeing made fast at the toppe of his heade it will kéepe him from eating his lytter gnawing the Rack Manger or Walles about him and your selfe shal be assured he eateth nothing but what commeth from your owne hands Into this mu●sell you shal put thrée or foure times euery day Annyséedes finely beaten into powder for your Horse to smell vppon and nowe and then to licke on with his tongue which is both wholsome pleasant and increaseth wind For thys fortnight you shall not by any meanes suffer him to eate in the Manger because it may vsually be foule and vncleane although you rubbe it neuer so sore but prouide to haue a cleane boule which you may your selfe dilligently