wonderful_o intend_v the_o freeze_a and_o if_o beside_o the_o strong-water_n you_o add_v salt_n it_o will_v prove_v most_o powerful_a nay_o sugar_n produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o not_o much_o in_o comparison_n of_o common_a salt_n nitre_n and_o sal-armoniac_a which_o we_o find_v much_o more_o successful_a in_o the_o operation_n of_o freeze_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o six_o experiment_n touch_v what_o metal_n preserve_v ice_n best_a put_v ice_n in_o vessel_n of_o several_a different_a metal_n to_o observe_v which_o keep_v it_o the_o long_a unthaw_v yet_o of_o this_o we_o can_v obtain_v nothing_o certain_a though_o we_o may_v say_v at_o large_a from_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o experiment_n which_o we_o make_v that_o it_o be_v preserve_v best_o of_o all_o in_o lead_n very_o well_o in_o tin_n argento_n but_o a_o short_a time_n in_o copper_n and_o iron_n less_o in_o gold_n and_o yet_o a_o lesser_a time_n in_o silver_n nevertheless_o at_o sometime_o this_o order_n be_v change_v it_o melt_v soon_o in_o tin_n and_o lead_n than_o in_o silver_n and_o gold_n wherefore_o as_o we_o hint_v this_o experiment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v much_o confide_v in_o but_o propose_v here_o rather_o to_o excite_v other_o to_o attempt_v it_o by_o some_o more_o secure_a way_n than_o to_o show_v any_o certainty_n we_o obtain_v in_o our_o observation_n the_o seven_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a a_o piece_n of_o ice_n to_o a_o table_n gassendus_n write_v and_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o if_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n be_v lay_v upon_o a_o flat_a table_n and_o well_o sprinkle_v above_o with_o salt_n it_o will_v freeze_v fast_o down_o to_o the_o table_n we_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o nitre_n but_o it_o succeed_v not_o so_o as_o to_o show_v we_o the_o least_o beginning_n of_o adhaesion_n we_o have_v often_o observe_v in_o those_o stick_v down_o with_o common_a salt_n that_o we_o much_o more_o easy_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o table_n by_o lift_v they_o up_o perpendicular_o or_o at_o one_o end_n first_o as_o a_o board_n nail_v down_o be_v raise_v up_o with_o a_o lever_n than_o they_o can_v be_v force_v along_o parallel_n to_o the_o plain_a moreover_o the_o water_n on_o the_o under-side_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v salt_n and_o that_o side_n also_o thereof_o be_v opake_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o white_a hoariness_n make_v of_o innumerable_a small_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o light_n it_o appear_v rough_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v pretty_o raze_v with_o the_o point_n of_o a_o diamond_n like_o the_o glass_n of_o those_o vessel_n which_o from_o the_o artificial_a similitude_n they_o have_v to_o ice_n we_o call_v ice-glass_n the_o eight_o experiment_n of_o freeze_v the_o dew_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o vessel_n that_o dew_n which_o cover_v the_o outside_n of_o glass_n contain_v any_o cold_a liquor_n or_o ice_n be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o congeal_v there_o and_o the_o same_o happen_v when_o the_o ice_n or_o snow_n in_o the_o vessel_n begin_v to_o alter_v with_o the_o strong_a water_n or_o salt_n there_o be_v also_o a_o exhalation_n or_o cloudy_a moist_a vapour_n rise_v up_o as_o it_o seem_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n whence_o proceed_v a_o very_a cold_a air_n which_o beside_o that_o it_o sensible_o affect_v the_o hand_n be_v likewise_o more_o discernible_a by_o the_o agitation_n which_o it_o cause_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n bring_v near_o it_o this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v by_o put_v ice_n sprinkle_v with_o strong_a water_n and_o salt_n in_o several_a vessel_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o metal_n acquarzente_fw-la to_o observe_v if_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o afford_v any_o variety_n in_o the_o smoke_n and_o as_o to_o the_o material_n we_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o diversity_n whether_o the_o cup_n be_v of_o glass_n earth_n wood_n metal_n or_o precious_a stone_n but_o as_o to_o the_o figure_n it_o seem_v to_o we_o that_o whereas_o in_o beer-glass_n bicchieri_n and_o all_o other_o tall_a narrow_a vessel_n the_o smoke_n begin_v above_o sparse_fw-mi on_o the_o contrary_a in_o wide_a bowl_n it_o smoke_v from_o the_o bottom_n free_o upward_o for_o a_o short_a space_n in_o a_o golden_a boul_a we_o observe_v a_o effect_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v universal_a in_o all_o vessel_n though_o it_o be_v less_o observable_a in_o some_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o shape_n it_o be_v this_o when_o the_o smoke_n cease_v that_o crust_n of_o ice_n begin_v to_o let_v fall_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o dew_n a_o fine_a ice_n like_o powdered_a glass_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o boul_a be_v dissolve_v that_o thin_a outward_a cover_n likewise_o melt_v the_o exhalation_n say_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o ice_n seem_v very_o different_a from_o that_o of_o any_o combustible_a matter_n and_o much_o resemble_v the_o morning_n mist_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n the_o nine_o experiment_n of_o reflect_v cold._n we_o be_v willing_a to_o try_v if_o a_o concave_a glass_n set_v before_o a_o mass_n of_o 500_o l._n of_o ice_n make_v any_o sensible_a repercussion_n of_o cold_a upon_o a_o very_a nice_a thermometer_n of_o 400_o deg_n place_v in_o its_o focus_n the_o truth_n be_v it_o immediate_o begin_v to_o subside_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o ice_n it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o the_o direct_a or_o reflect_v ray_n of_o cold_a be_v more_o efficacious_a upon_o this_o account_n we_o think_v of_o cover_v the_o glass_n and_o whatever_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v indeed_o present_o begin_v to_o rise_v for_o all_o this_o we_o dare_v not_o be_v positive_a but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o cause_n thereof_o beside_o the_o want_n of_o the_o reflection_n from_o the_o glass_n since_o we_o be_v deficient_a in_o make_v all_o the_o trial_n necessary_a to_o clear_v the_o experiment_n experiment_n touch_v a_o effect_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a late_o observe_v as_o to_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o inward_a capacity_n of_o glass_n and_o metalline_a vessel_n we_o say_v in_o the_o experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_a that_o the_o first_o motion_n observe_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o liquor_n expose_v in_o vessel_n to_o freeze_v be_v a_o small_a rise_n up_o there_o call_v rise_v upon_o immersion_n because_o it_o happen_v upon_o the_o vessel_n first_o touch_v the_o freeze_a mixture_n and_o you_o must_v know_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o be_v observable_a when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o hot_a water_n for_o the_o level_n of_o the_o contain_v fluid_n sensible_o subside_o and_o then_o as_o it_o be_v take_v time_n to_o rise_v again_o which_o they_o do_v with_o a_o quick_a spring_n up_o to_o the_o degree_n they_o stand_v at_o when_o first_o immerse_v in_o the_o hot_a water_n and_o thence_o successive_o rise_v as_o the_o heat_n receive_v continue_v to_o rarify_v lighten_v and_o raise_v they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n though_o they_o be_v raise_v upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n into_o cold_a water_n or_o ice_n yet_o they_o not_o only_o subside_o again_o to_o the_o former_a height_n but_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o for_o many_o degree_n till_o at_o last_o sometime_o after_o a_o little_a rest_n sometime_o without_o any_o they_o all_o remount_v oil_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n except_v until_o the_o whole_a freeze_a be_v finish_v this_o effect_n be_v by_o some_o attribute_v to_o a_o cause_n much_o favour_v by_o several_a follow_a experiment_n their_o apprehension_n be_v that_o the_o appearance_n of_o this_o sudden_a motion_n in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n be_v not_o real_o from_o any_o intrinsic_n alteration_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n at_o that_o moment_n wrought_v in_o their_o natural_a temperament_n by_o the_o power_n of_o any_o tab._n 15._o p._n 105._o contrary_a quality_n of_o the_o outward_o apply_v ambient_fw-la which_o some_o by_o a_o note_a word_n call_v antiperistasis_n but_o rather_o to_o speak_v first_o of_o the_o subside_v upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o vessel_n in_o hot_a water_n their_o thought_n be_v that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o fix_v of_o several_a volatile_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o fire_n evaporate_v from_o the_o hot_a water_n into_o the_o external_a pore_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o as_o so_o many_o wedge_n force_v and_o separate_v the_o part_n thereof_o must_v necessary_o distend_v and_o enlarge_v the_o internal_a capacity_n thereof_o till_o they_o find_v a_o way_n through_o the_o hide_a passage_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n cold_a bind_v up_o and_o contract_v those_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n make_v the_o vessel_n become_v too_o scanty_a for_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n in_o it_o before_o that_o bulk_n of_o water_n yet_o unaffected_a by_o the_o cold_a contract_v likewise_o in_o fine_a that_o the_o
vessel_n be_v first_o sensible_a of_o cold_a or_o heat_n by_o shrink_v or_o enlarge_n itself_o also_o first_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o phenomenon_n of_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v as_o it_o become_v more_o straight_o or_o large_a to_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o not_o vitiate_a by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la this_o opinion_n be_v render_v more_o probable_a to_o we_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n prove_v that_o in_o the_o instant_a that_o the_o external_n heat_v or_o cold_a dilate_v or_o contract_v the_o vessel_n yet_o than_o the_o natural_a temperament_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v unaltered_a smalto_n we_o include_v in_o a_o globe_n of_o glass_n fill_v with_o water_n several_a small_a bubble_n of_o colour_a glass_n empty_a and_o seal_v hermetical_o these_o be_v all_o near_a the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o air_n they_o have_v in_o they_o whence_o the_o floater_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o least_o breath_n of_o warmth_n sink_v down_o and_o those_o at_o the_o bottom_n upon_o any_o accession_n of_o cold_a mount_v upward_o hang_v this_o instrument_n in_o the_o air_n and_o suffer_v the_o bubble_n to_o rest_n we_o begin_v to_o approach_v to_o it_o underneath_o a_o pan_n of_o water_n heat_v and_o after_o that_o of_o cold_a water_n mix_v with_o ice_n well_o break_v and_o though_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o these_o different_a ambient_n we_o observe_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o level_n of_o raise_v itself_o upon_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o subside_v upon_o that_o of_o the_o hot_a water_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o find_v when_o the_o water_n seem_v condense_v and_o contract_v that_o any_o of_o they_o at_o the_o bottom_n rise_v up_o nor_o when_o the_o water_n seem_v rarefy_v and_o enlarge_v any_o of_o the_o floater_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o these_o be_v observe_v to_o fall_v and_o those_o to_o rise_v when_o the_o water_n after_o its_o abatement_n upon_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o heat_n begin_v to_o rise_v again_o and_o when_o after_o its_o rise_n upon_o the_o impression_n of_o cold_a it_o begin_v to_o subside_o again_o a_o argument_n to_o insinuate_v that_o the_o water_n and_o so_o any_o other_o fluid_n in_o this_o first_o motion_n do_v not_o real_o move_v themselves_o but_o only_o obey_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o these_o first_o alteration_n do_v real_o proceed_v from_o the_o inward_a change_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o though_o discernible_a by_o the_o eye_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o small_a neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o change_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o the_o bubble_n of_o which_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o that_o very_a instant_n they_o begin_v real_o to_o move_v though_o in_o their_o first_o part_n from_o rest_n the_o eye_n can_v not_o perceive_v it_o to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o true_a rarifaction_n and_o the_o true_a condensation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v it_o rise_v or_o fall_v so_o very_o little_a a_o space_n as_o it_o do_v rise_v or_o fall_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o icey_n mixtture_v or_o hot_a water_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alter_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la also_o between_o it_o and_o the_o bubble_n apparent_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o indeed_o when_o the_o water_n real_o rise_v or_o fall_v from_o a_o true_a rarifaction_n or_o condensation_n the_o bubble_n likewise_o begin_v correspondent_o to_o move_v before_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n at_o which_o the_o same_o bubble_n remain_v immovable_a it_o stand_v at_o the_o instant_n of_o its_o first_o immersion_n nevertheless_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o effect_n ought_v not_o to_o cause_n in_o we_o the_o least_o scruple_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o our_o thermometer_n since_o the_o whole_a contraction_n or_o dilatation_n in_o vessel_n contain_v a_o ounce_n and_o half_a at_o most_o amount_n but_o to_o a_o grain_n whence_o proportionable_o how_o small_a will_v that_o be_v in_o vessel_n of_o a_o few_o grain_n content_a such_o as_o our_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n which_o be_v the_o most_o convenient_a and_o exact_a and_o upon_o that_o account_n most_o make_v use_v of_o to_o discover_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n now_o to_o manifest_v by_o divers_a way_n even_o to_o sense_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o first_o found_v in_o the_o theory_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o effect_n the_o first_o experiment_n show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o brass-ring_n put_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o in_o ice_n its_o figure_n still_o remain_v unaltered_a there_o be_v order_v to_o be_v cast_v a_o ring_n of_o brass_n 3_o and_o by_o turn_v it_o be_v fit_v exact_o to_o a_o cilind_a of_o the_o same_o metal_n this_o be_v put_v in_o the_o fire_n for_o a_o short_a space_n and_o then_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o cilind_a while_o hot_a it_o be_v sensible_o loose_a be_v dilate_v by_o the_o heat_n into_o a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n it_o be_v of_o before_o but_o its_o concavity_n be_v 9_o 100_o part_n large_a when_o it_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n upon_o the_o cilind_a and_o have_v communicate_v its_o heat_n thereto_o between_o the_o increase_n of_o that_o and_o the_o shrink_n of_o the_o ring_n by_o little_a and_o little_a as_o it_o cool_v they_o not_o only_o come_v to_o fit_v as_o at_o first_o but_o be_v so_o firm_o unite_v that_o before_o they_o be_v quite_o cold_a a_o considerable_a force_n be_v but_o requisite_a to_o separate_v they_o the_o contrary_a in_o all_o respect_v happen_v when_o we_o intense_o freeze_v the_o ring_n the_o second_o experiment_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n be_v dilate_v by_o the_o imbibe_v of_o moisture_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o heat_n 5._o we_o make_v a_o conical_a ring_n of_o box_n who_o concave_a superficies_n be_v curious_o turn_v and_o polish_a there_o be_v also_o make_v a_o stock_n or_o conical_a mandril_n of_o steel_n turn_v and_o well_o smooth_v and_o nice_o divide_v with_o many_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o base_a fit_v the_o ring_n upon_o this_o we_o mark_v which_o of_o those_o circle_n the_o bottom_n thereof_o just_a touch_v take_v it_o off_o we_o let_v it_o lie_v in_o water_n three_o whole_a day_n that_o it_o may_v have_v time_n to_o penetrate_v through_o the_o whole_a stubstance_n of_o the_o wood_n then_o we_o put_v it_o on_o again_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o concavity_n be_v stretch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ring_n fall_v much_o low_a upon_o the_o stock_n than_o it_o do_v at_o first_o this_o ring_n be_v make_v two_o several_a way_n in_o one_o the_o ligneous_a fibres_n be_v perpendicular_a in_o the_o other_o parallel_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o first_o after_o soak_v in_o the_o water_n keep_v its_o spherical_a figure_n exact_o the_o other_o come_v near_o to_o a_o oval_a and_o put_v upon_o the_o stock_n sink_v down_o much_o short_a of_o the_o former_a observe_v to_o make_v these_o ring_n of_o firm_a clear_a wood_n that_o be_v without_o knot_n and_o of_o a_o uniform_a hardness_n especial_o when_o the_o fibre_n be_v cut_v transvers_o that_o so_o all_o be_v swell_v by_o the_o steep_v their_o enlargement_n may_v be_v the_o more_o sensible_a note_v also_o as_o be_v say_v at_o first_o that_o the_o ring_n must_v lie_v so_o long_o in_o the_o water_n as_o their_o whole_a substance_n may_v be_v penetrate_v for_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v different_a if_o those_o that_o be_v but_o a_o little_a soak_v on_o the_o outside_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o stock_n because_o they_o will_v not_o slide_v down_o so_o far_o as_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a therefore_o let_v they_o be_v well_o impregnate_v and_o satiate_v with_o moisture_n that_o their_o dilatation_n may_v be_v the_o more_o visible_a the_o three_o experiment_n which_o discover_v more_o evident_o the_o readiness_n of_o glass_n to_o contract_n and_o dilate_v itself_o upon_o heat_n and_o cold._n brac._n there_o be_v make_v a_o hollow_a ring_n of_o glass_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n about_o two_o foot_n in_o diameter_n with_o two_o funnel_n that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o one_o the_o air_n may_v have_v vent_n at_o the_o other_o then_o be_v make_v a_o cross_n of_o glass_n just_a to_o touch_v with_o its_o extremity_n the_o concave_a of_o our_o hollow_a ring_n ciambella_n and_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o hot_a water_n by_o the_o funnel_n as_o it_o proceed_v in_o dilate_v itself_o so_o visible_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o glass_n rod_n lose_v their_o hold_n for_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v equal_o
deprive_v of_o that_o virtue_n and_o some_o thought_n that_o their_o plain_a superficies_n have_v no_o part_n in_o the_o effect_n see_v when_o the_o diamond_n have_v depth_n though_o smooth_v and_o polish_a upon_o the_o wheel_n it_o draw_v vigorous_o whereas_o the_o flat_a table-stone_n that_o be_v shallow_a such_o as_o be_v set_v in_o locket_n at_o the_o end_n of_o necklace_n common_o call_v spear_n though_o very_o large_a when_o strong_o rub_v will_v yet_o not_o draw_v or_o if_o they_o do_v it_o be_v so_o faint_o that_o you_o must_v make_v they_o touch_v some_o hair_n of_o the_o bit_n of_o paper_n or_o straw_n to_o make_v they_o raise_v it_o up_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o some_o may_v be_v find_v that_o have_v a_o little_a force_n yet_o of_o these_o we_o at_o least_o be_v so_o unsuccessful_a as_o to_o find_v but_o few_o we_o indeed_o have_v one_o which_o by_o many_o trial_n for_o several_a day_n we_o be_v never_o able_a to_o make_v attract_v but_o a_o year_n after_o desirous_a to_o see_v the_o same_o try_v again_o we_o take_v the_o same_o ring_n in_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v set_v and_o have_v but_o slight_o rub_v it_o as_o we_o use_v to_o do_v upon_o the_o cloth_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v hold_v to_o the_o bit_n of_o paper_n it_o draw_v it_o vigorous_o this_o same_o effect_n be_v often_o observe_v with_o wonder_n by_o all_o those_o that_o the_o year_n before_o have_v often_o attempt_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v it_o draw_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o we_o say_v at_o first_o the_o fauset_n i._n e._n those_o that_o be_v ground_n of_o their_o own_o octoedral_n figure_n seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v in_o fine_a since_o amber_n and_o all_o electrick_a body_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v obstruct_v by_o a_o very_a thin_a veil_n place_v between_o they_o and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v attract_v therefore_o take_v a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n we_o make_v several_a little_a lattice_n in_o it_o and_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o close_a network_n of_o hair_n another_o with_o the_o lint_n of_o a_o fine_a rag_n a_o three_o with_o a_o leaf_n of_o gold_n the_o success_n be_v that_o the_o electick_a power_n of_o the_o amber_n do_v not_o penetrate_v they_o experiment_n about_o alter_a the_o colour_n of_o several_a flvid_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a among_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o chemist_n than_o their_o fantastic_a humour_n of_o change_a colour_n we_o indeed_o do_v not_o profess_o meddle_v therewith_o and_o if_o any_o such_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o be_v move_v thereto_o from_o the_o occasion_n we_o have_v of_o make_v use_n of_o some_o liquor_n fit_a to_o examine_v the_o quality_n of_o natural_a spring_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v relate_v the_o little_a that_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n again_o remind_v the_o reader_n that_o by_o the_o perfixt_a name_n of_o essay_n we_o will_v intimate_v that_o we_o do_v not_o presume_v we_o have_v examine_v these_o matter_n with_o all_o the_o experiment_n which_o may_v be_v think_v on_o but_o only_o bare_o give_v some_o hint_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o be_v most_o incline_v to_o take_v pain_n about_o the_o first_o experiment_n of_o alter_v water_n water_n distil_v in_o a_o leaden_a still_o thicken_v and_o muddy_n the_o water_n of_o all_o river_n bath_n fountain_n or_o well_n wherewith_o it_o be_v at_o any_o time_n mix_v and_o lose_v their_o transparency_n they_o both_o look_v white_a like_o whey_n only_a water_n distil_v in_o glass_n vessel_n and_o of_o spring_n water_n that_o of_o the_o conduit_n of_o pisa_n remain_v limpid_n and_o transparent_a but_o all_o those_o water_n so_o muddy_v become_v clear_a and_o pure_a again_o by_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o strong_a vinegar_n shake_v together_o with_o they_o the_o same_o water_n be_v change_v by_o a_o drop_n in_o of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n anici_fw-la and_o oil_n of_o anniseed_n which_o give_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o little_a white_a cloud_n high_o or_o low_a therein_o which_o by_o shake_v diffuse_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o liquor_n and_o inturbidats_fw-fr it_o this_o also_o be_v bring_v to_o its_o former_a clearness_n by_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n which_o at_o first_o raise_v a_o few_o little_a bubble_n zolfo_n note_v that_o all_o water_n indifferent_o do_v not_o become_v turbid_v by_o the_o abovenamed_a oil_n and_o those_o water_n that_o be_v not_o alter_v by_o water_n still_v in_o lead_n be_v likewise_o leave_v transparent_a by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o aniseed_n moreover_o inflammable_a water_n water_n still_v in_o glass_n and_o that_o of_o the_o conduit_n of_o pisa_n be_v not_o at_o all_o change_v from_o their_o natural_a clearness_n and_o we_o find_v that_o in_o water_n general_o hold_v the_o light_a pure_a and_o noble_a the_o little_a cloud_n be_v thin_a and_o high_a which_o be_v raise_v therein_o and_o only_o in_o heavy_a water_n and_o those_o that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o mineral_n or_o dreggy_a it_o thicken_v it_o like_o milk_n whence_o some_o have_v pretend_v to_o prove_v water_n with_o some_o of_o the_o abovenamed_a liquor_n for_o thereby_o be_v discover_v the_o more_o hide_a quality_n of_o they_o and_o so_o their_o goodness_n or_o badness_n find_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o thickness_n and_o turbidness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v very_o great_a and_o not_o to_o be_v clarify_v by_o the_o ordinary_a proportion_n of_o liquor_n it_o may_v be_v increase_v by_o some_o drop_n still_o agitate_v the_o water_n till_o you_o see_v it_o become_v clear_a the_o second_o experiment_n of_o alter_a wine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n not_o only_o in_o water_n but_o also_o in_o wine_n produce_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o through_o its_o natural_a cleanse_v quality_n as_o be_v know_v it_o make_v a_o separation_n in_o all_o liquor_n of_o what_o ever_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o from_o the_o pure_a part_n by_o a_o sediment_n that_o it_o let_v fall_v whence_o that_o which_o show_v like_o a_o white_a cloud_n high_a or_o low_a in_o the_o water_n according_a to_o its_o different_a quality_n and_o weight_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o white_a wine_n that_o we_o experiment_v appear_v like_o a_o thin_a cloud_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o by_o shake_v the_o wine_n quit_v its_o first_o place_n and_o disperse_v itself_o uniform_o throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o make_v no_o other_o change_n in_o red_a wine_n than_o a_o little_a ting_a deep_o especial_o towards_o the_o bottom_n on_o the_o contrary_a spirit_n of_o sulphur_n show_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o natural_a transparency_n of_o the_o wine_n and_o likewise_o restore_v it_o to_o those_o deprive_v thereof_o by_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n the_o three_o experiment_n of_o the_o tincture_n of_o rose_n rise_v a_o tincture_n of_o red_a rose_n extract_v with_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n be_v mix_v with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n show_v a_o fair_a green_n with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n it_o ferment_n all_o into_o a_o vermillion_a froth_n and_o at_o last_o return_n to_o its_o first_o rose_n colour_n without_o lose_v its_o smell_n at_o all_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v again_o alter_v by_o drop_a oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o it_o we_o find_v the_o best_a way_n of_o get_v the_o tincture_n of_o rose_n for_o this_o experiment_n as_o follow_v take_v a_o good_a handful_n of_o dry_a red_a rosebud_n we_o cut_v they_o and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o glass_n with_o one_o ounce_n of_o strong_a spirit_n of_o vitriol_n stir_v they_o together_o for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o rose_n be_v well_o macerate_v and_o the_o tincture_n extract_v to_o this_o must_v be_v add_v at_o three_o or_o four_o time_n about_o half_a a_o pound_n of_o spring_n water_n still_o shake_v the_o glass_n till_o the_o very_a deep_a colour_n of_o the_o spirit_n be_v dilute_v the_o water_n be_v all_o tinged_a therewith_o then_o we_o let_v it_o stand_v a_o hour_n and_o so_o obtain_v a_o lively_a and_o beautiful_a tincture_n of_o rose_n to_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o this_o put_v ten_o or_o twelve_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o afterward_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n which_o suffice_v to_o produce_v the_o relate_a effect_n the_o four_o experiment_n of_o the_o tincture_n of_o saffron_n safferano_n water_n tinge_v with_o saffron_n help_v a_o little_a with_o the_o tincture_n of_o rose_n but_o not_o so_o as_o to_o lose_v its_o golden_a colour_n change_v green_a with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o again_o yellow_a with_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n the_o five_o experiment_n of_o green_n vinato_n water_n colour_a with_o iris_n green_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n make_v a_o purplish_a colour_n and_o with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n take_v its_o own_o again_o this_o green_a be_v a_o tincture_n take_v from_o the_o
difference_n be_v 26944_o gr_n which_o be_v the_o absolute_a weight_n of_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a ball_n and_o lead_v then_o press_v the_o ball_n together_o as_o much_o as_o its_o thickness_n will_v bear_v without_o let_v the_o air_n out_o and_o weigh_v it_o in_o the_o air_n with_o all_o the_o lead_n it_o be_v find_v 31209_o and_o this_o we_o conclude_v be_v the_o absolute_a weight_n in_o uncompressed_a air_n as_o that_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o ball_n before_o it_o be_v batter_v together_o in_o this_o state_n all_o be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n again_o and_o weigh_v it_o be_v find_v gr_o 12518_o which_o substract_v from_o gr_n 31209_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ball_n press_v together_o in_o the_o air_n there_o remain_v gr_n 18691_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o same_o lead_n and_o batter_v ball._n this_o weight_n then_o of_o gr_n 18691_o be_v substract_v from_o the_o other_o of_o gr_n 26944_o leave_v 8253_o gr_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o such_o another_o bulk_n of_o air_n as_o weigh_v 7_o gr_n which_o bulk_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o ball_n by_o the_o batter_a whence_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o air_n which_o we_o weigh_v be_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o 7_o to_o 8253_o that_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 1179._o this_o experiment_n be_v by_o we_o repeat_v at_o divers_a time_n the_o proportion_n be_v not_o always_o find_v the_o same_o indeed_o the_o variation_n have_v not_o be_v great_a consist_v in_o one_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o of_o grain_n more_o or_o less_o which_o be_v all_o we_o can_v pretend_v in_o make_v the_o comparison_n between_o one_o body_n that_o as_o we_o may_v say_v never_o alter_v in_o its_o weight_n and_o another_o never_o twice_o the_o same_o experiment_n touch_v some_o effect_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o first_o experiment_n of_o a_o steel_n wire_n seem_v to_o grow_v light_a by_o be_v heat_v put_v in_o the_o essay-scale_n two_o steel_n wire_n of_o equal_a weight_n the_o one_o heat_v the_o other_o cold_a it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o but_o hold_v a_o light_a coal_n or_o red-hot_a iron_n near_o it_o it_o soon_o come_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o hot_a one_o the_o same_o will_v have_v happen_v if_o they_o have_v be_v of_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n likewise_o if_o a_o light_a coal_n be_v hold_v over_o one_o of_o the_o basin_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n when_o empty_a it_o raise_v it_o and_o if_o hold_v under_o it_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o descend_v for_o all_o this_o some_o of_o we_o can_v not_o apprehend_v how_o the_o bare_a heat_n can_v any_o way_n alter_v the_o usual_a weight_n of_o the_o metal_n nay_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v its_o part_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o cause_n in_o produce_v this_o phenomenon_n the_o second_o experiment_n of_o the_o vast_a force_n of_o heat_n in_o raise_v up_o a_o include_v liquor_n br._n have_v fill_v with_o sp._n vin_fw-fr half_n of_o the_o vessel_n ab_fw-la who_o slender_a part_n be_v 35_o 8_o 10_o inch_n long_o with_o two_o seal_a ball_n of_o equal_a capacity_n we_o set_v the_o ball_n a_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o oil_n over_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o sp._n vin_fw-fr begin_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o its_o rarifaction_n by_o rise_v but_o afterward_o when_o the_o oil_n boil_v very_o fast_o it_o retire_v all_o into_o the_o upper_a ball_n leave_v that_o below_o quite_o empty_a with_o the_o low_a half_o of_o the_o cane_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a to_o promote_v this_o effect_n beside_o a_o strong_a fire_n to_o blow_v the_o coal_n continual_o about_o the_o glass_n this_o must_v be_v do_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o a_o plank_n serve_v to_o defend_v the_o operator_n behind_o which_o also_o the_o observer_n must_v stand_v to_o look_v through_o a_o glass_n in_o the_o same_o plank_n for_o when_o the_o sp._n vin_fw-fr be_v all_o force_v into_o the_o upper_a ball_n it_o will_v be_v throw_v off_o and_o not_o only_o that_o but_o the_o low_a will_v be_v burst_v with_o such_o force_n as_o one_o time_n among_o the_o rest_n make_v use_n of_o a_o brass_n vessel_n instead_o of_o the_o glass_n for_o the_o oil_n it_o break_v the_o bottom_n thereof_o and_o tear_v off_o a_o band_n of_o iron_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o crack_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o pavement_n but_o we_o make_v choice_n of_o oil_n and_o of_o glass_n vessel_n because_o their_o transparency_n make_v the_o procedure_n of_o this_o admirable_a effect_n more_o visible_a else_o wax_n pitch_n or_o lard_n or_o it_o may_v be_v any_o unctuous_a matter_n may_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n the_o three_o experiment_n about_o antiperistasis_n to_o do_v something_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o antiperistasis_n we_o fill_v with_o ice_n fine_o powder_v a_o leaden_a vessel_n and_o put_v thereinto_o a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n we_o let_v it_o stand_v still_o and_o it_o compose_v itself_o to_o about_o 13_o ½_o deg_n then_o we_o plunge_v the_o vessel_n into_o a_o cauldron_n of_o boil_a water_n regard_v nice_o the_o thermometer_n if_o in_o that_o instant_n that_o the_o ice_n become_v encompass_v with_o its_o contrary_n it_o than_o give_v any_o show_n of_o great_a cold_a by_o subside_v but_o that_o as_o often_o as_o we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n be_v never_o see_v to_o alter_v a_o hair_n nor_o be_v it_o ever_o observe_v to_o rise_v when_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a of_o hot_a water_n we_o plunge_v it_o in_o water_n mix_v with_o ice_n nay_o than_o it_o be_v ready_o see_v to_o subside_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o fluid_a water_n more_o easy_o give_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la than_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n the_o ice_n can_v do_v nor_o let_v it_o be_v think_v that_o all_o the_o care_n possible_o be_v not_o take_v to_o prevent_v the_o air_n encompass_v the_o thermometer_n from_o receive_v any_o alteration_n upon_o immerse_v the_o leaden_a vessel_n in_o different_a ambient_n the_o say_a vessel_n be_v let_v into_o a_o plank_n which_o be_v very_o broad_a round_n it_o and_o so_o cut_v off_o all_o communication_n between_o the_o basin_n under_o it_o whereinto_o the_o bottom_n be_v immerse_v and_o the_o air_n above_o but_o for_o all_o this_o we_o observe_v no_o difference_n from_o what_o be_v relate_v the_o four_o experiment_n whether_o cold_a be_v cause_v by_o a_o intrusion_n of_o frigorific_a atom_n to_o gain_v some_o light_n whether_o the_o chill_a of_o body_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o any_o kind_n of_o peculiar_a atom_n of_o cold_a as_o the_o opinion_n be_v they_o be_v heat_v by_o those_o of_o fire_n we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v two_o glass_n vial_n like_o each_o other_o with_o very_o slender_a neck_n be_v seal_v hermetical_o we_o put_v one_o of_o they_o in_o ice_n and_o the_o other_o in_o hot_a water_n let_v they_o remain_v some_o time_n and_o then_o break_v the_o neck_n of_o each_o off_o under_o water_n we_o observe_v in_o the_o hot_a one_o a_o surcharge_n or_o repletion_n from_o something_o get_v into_o it_o observable_a by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o water_n from_o a_o strong_a breath_n issue_v from_o the_o vial_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v break_v open_a some_o may_v think_v the_o same_o shall_v have_v happen_v in_o open_v the_o cold_a one_o if_o the_o chill_a of_o the_o air_n therein_o have_v proceed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o that_o in_o the_o other_o i._n e._n by_o the_o intrusion_n or_o soak_v of_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a exhale_v from_o the_o ice_n through_o the_o invisible_a pore_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o the_o quite_o contrary_a happen_v for_o instead_o of_o breathe_v forth_o any_o surcharge_n of_o matter_n it_o show_v a_o emptyness_n or_o loss_n of_o something_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o condensation_n of_o what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o suck_v in_o so_o much_o water_n in_o place_n of_o it_o the_o five_o experiment_n of_o heat_a and_o cool_v of_o water_n by_o salt_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o hot_a and_o cold_a ebullition_n etc._n etc._n vetriole_n vitriol_n the_o spirit_n be_v draw_v off_o remain_v like_o a_o tartar_n or_o grumous_n body_n of_o a_o lively_a fire_n colour_n which_o with_o a_o long_a and_o continue_a fire_n distil_v a_o blackish_a oil_n almost_o like_o ink_n high_o corrosive_a this_o be_v mix_v with_o water_n in_o a_o certain_a proportion_n produce_v a_o immediate_a heat_n which_o increase_v without_o raise_v any_o bubble_n or_o
in_o those_o of_o 100_o deg_n especial_o of_o 300_o deg_n the_o small_a inequality_n and_o error_n commit_v in_o make_v one_o with_o a_o large_a ball_n and_o small_a neck_n be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v discover_v so_o that_o they_o will_v show_v great_a disagreement_n and_o inequality_n when_o compare_v together_o the_o four_o thermometer_n 3._o this_o four_o instrument_n have_v a_o spiral_n canale_n yet_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o former_a indeed_o it_o come_v not_o near_o the_o same_o scale_n of_o proportion_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o draw_v so_o very_o long_o a_o neck_n equal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o size_n and_o bear_v throughout_o the_o whole_a length_n because_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o pass_v and_o repass_v it_o often_o over_o the_o flame_n to_o bend_v it_o whence_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v when_o the_o metal_n be_v soften_v by_o the_o flame_n but_o the_o cane_n will_v be_v straighten_a and_o contract_v in_o some_o place_n and_o in_o other_o relax_v and_o swell_v blow_v then_o a_o globe_n of_o a_o great_a capacity_n with_o a_o very_o long_o slender_a neck_n and_o coyl_n it_o round_o as_o in_o the_o fig._n each_o turn_n be_v close_o to_o the_o other_o and_o rise_v but_o with_o a_o small_a angle_n that_o the_o whole_a height_n may_v be_v as_o little_a as_o possible_a and_o so_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n then_o let_v it_o have_v at_o the_o top_n another_o less_o ball_n hollow_a and_o seal_v at_o the_o flame_n to_o be_v a_o receptacle_n for_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cane_n to_o retreat_v to_o from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o raise_v itself_o lest_o for_o want_v of_o room_n and_o be_v every_o way_n close_v it_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o crack_v the_o vessel_n after_o this_o manner_n may_v be_v have_v a_o very_a ticklish_a thermometer_n and_o as_o i_o may_v say_v of_o so_o exquisite_a a_o sense_n that_o the_o least_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o instant_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o contain_v spirit_n of_o wine_n move_v swift_o which_o effect_n will_v be_v so_o much_o more_o conspicuous_a as_o the_o ball_n be_v large_a which_o may_v be_v make_v very_o capacious_a at_o pleasure_n without_o be_v tie_v to_o any_o rule_n this_o instrument_n be_v make_v rather_o for_o fancy_n and_o curiosity_n to_o see_v the_o liquor_n run_v the_o decimal_n of_o degree_n by_o the_o only_a impulse_n of_o a_o warm_a breath_n etc._n etc._n than_o for_o any_o accurate_a deduction_n or_o infallible_a proportion_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a to_o be_v learn_v thereby_o the_o five_o thermometer_n 4._o this_o be_v more_o slow_a and_o lazy_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a which_o immediate_o answer_v to_o the_o least_o change_n of_o the_o air_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o nice_a to_o move_v upon_o a_o small_a alteration_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n we_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o say_v something_o brief_o of_o its_o make_n to_o make_v it_o you_o must_v fill_v a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o rectified_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v a_o thermometer_n of_o 100_o deg_n therein_o place_v it_o in_o snow_n or_o ice_n to_o cool_v it_o you_o must_v also_o put_v into_o the_o same_o liquor_n many_o little_a glass_n bubble_n blow_v and_o hermetical_o seal_v at_o a_o lamp_n these_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o will_v keep_v themselves_o float_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n any_o one_o be_v a_o little_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n shall_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n take_v it_o out_o and_o upon_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n with_o fine_a emeril_n grind_v off_o so_o much_o of_o the_o end_n as_o will_v make_v it_o light_a enough_o to_o swim_v then_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o ice_n carry_v it_o into_o a_o room_n where_o the_o air_n be_v well_o heat_v by_o a_o fire_n that_o the_o liquor_n which_o before_o be_v very_o cold_a may_v receive_v equal_o on_o all_o side_n the_o temperament_n of_o heat_n so_o by_o little_a and_o little_a as_o the_o liquor_n grow_v warm_a and_o by_o rarefaction_n light_a the_o ball_n which_o at_o a_o more_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a keep_v just_a upon_o the_o surface_n shall_v begin_v to_o dive_v towards_o the_o bottom_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermometer_n shall_v creep_v up_o that_o bubble_n or_o ball_n thereof_o which_o sink_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v at_o 20_o deg_n shall_v be_v reckon_v the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o heavy_a because_o it_o descend_v when_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o very_o cold_a and_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o alter_v that_o which_o sink_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v at_o 30._o deg_n may_v be_v account_v the_o second_o at_o 40°_n the_o three_o at_o 50°_n the_o four_o at_o 60°_n the_o five_o at_o 70°_n the_o six_o and_o last_o or_o light_a whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o bubble_n make_v a_o scale_n of_o equal_a difference_n that_o be_v from_o 10°_n to_o 10_o deg_n as_o likewise_o whence_o this_o instrument_n be_v more_o gross_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o that_o it_o show_v by_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o bubble_n the_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n but_o to_o every_o 10_o the_o degree_n of_o that_o thermometer_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o 100°_n and_o to_o about_o every_o 4_o the_o or_o 5_o the_o of_o that_o of_o 50_o deg_n and_o to_o every_o 40°_n of_o that_o of_o 300°_n let_v these_o bubble_n so_o try_v and_o choose_v and_o it_o will_v do_v well_o if_o they_o be_v of_o colour_a glass_n to_o be_v the_o more_o discernible_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o large_a cane_n of_o glass_n fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o not_o quite_o to_o the_o top_n leave_v some_o space_n for_o the_o liquor_n to_o rarefie_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o season_n shall_v require_v it_o and_o then_o seal_v it_o hermetical_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o room_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o thermometer_n rise_v to_o 60_o it_o may_v be_v help_v by_o put_v the_o vessel_n in_o a_o bath_n of_o warm_a water_n increase_v the_o heat_n by_o gradual_a pour_v in_o boil_a water_n if_o needful_a and_o so_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v therein_o will_v not_o be_v more_o heat_v in_o one_o part_n than_o another_o but_o take_v its_o temperature_n as_o gentle_o and_o equal_o as_o possible_a the_o description_n of_o a_o instrument_n to_o discover_v the_o difference_n of_o moisture_n in_o the_o air._n have_v already_o treat_v of_o those_o instrument_n which_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o alteration_n happen_v to_o the_o air_n from_o heat_n and_o cold_a we_o come_v next_o to_o describe_v another_o useful_a to_o discover_v the_o change_n which_o the_o air_n be_v subject_a to_o pure_o from_o humidity_n and_o though_o there_o may_v be_v many_o and_o different_a instrument_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o have_v be_v invent_v by_o several_a ingenious_a person_n yet_o we_o will_v describe_v this_o one_o of_o which_o since_o it_o have_v its_o be_v first_o in_o this_o court_n we_o will_v say_v something_o out_o of_o gratitude_n concern_v its_o invention_n and_o use_v though_o perchance_o it_o be_v write_v of_o by_o other_o it_o be_v part_n of_o a_o cone_n of_o cork_n hollow_a within_o and_o pitch_v and_o cover_v on_o the_o outside_n over_o with_o tin_n at_o the_o small_a end_n it_o be_v insert_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o glass_n with_o a_o conical_a point_n shape_v as_o in_o the_o figure_n 5._o and_o close_v hermetical_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o make_v and_o place_v upon_o its_o pedestal_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o snow_n or_o small_a beat_a ice_n the_o water_n whereof_o as_o it_o melt_v shall_v have_v its_o issue_n by_o the_o pipe_n make_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v this_o the_o subtle_a moisture_n carry_v about_o by_o the_o air_n adhere_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n cover_v it_o at_o first_o but_o with_o a_o dew_n or_o mist_n till_o by_o the_o come_n of_o more_o moisture_n it_o gather_v into_o great_a drop_n and_o at_o last_o steal_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o conical_a glass_n drop_v into_o a_o tall_a cup_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o mum-glass_n divide_v into_o equal_a deg_n and_o make_v on_o purpose_n to_o receive_v it_o it_o be_v evident_a as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o full_a of_o moist_a vapour_n the_o force_n of_o the_o cold_a condense_n a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n measure_v by_o the_o graduated_a glass_n cilind_a wherefore_o desire_v to_o compare_v
experiment_n to_o show_v more_o evident_o that_o where_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v want_v the_o bear_n up_o of_o the_o fluid_n be_v lessen_v in_o a_o cane_n of_o any_o length_n and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o same_o pressure_n raise_v up_o again_o tab_n 5_o p_o 29_o note_v that_o kl_n be_v about_o the_o fourteen_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a height_n of_o the_o water_n ml_o for_o what_o cause_n may_v be_v tell_v present_o but_o when_o it_o do_v exceed_v it_o as_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v it_o be_v from_o two_o cause_n first_o either_o the_o water_n wherewith_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v be_v not_o pour_v in_o so_o hot_a that_o the_o vacuum_n leave_v by_o it_o in_o condense_v be_v capable_a of_o receive_v all_o the_o quick_a silver_n fall_v from_o the_o cane_n of_o for_o when_o the_o space_n ai_fw-fr leave_v by_o the_o condense_a water_n be_v fill_v by_o the_o subside_v mercury_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o vessel_n gb_n raise_v all_o the_o water_n there_o can_v no_o more_o mercury_n descend_v out_o of_o the_o cane_n of_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v above_o 1_o 14_o of_o the_o height_n ml_o or_o second_o the_o other_o cause_n may_v be_v when_o this_o void_a space_n a_z be_v indeed_o sufficient_a for_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cane_n but_o not_o for_o the_o air_n which_o may_v rise_v either_o from_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o ball_n or_o from_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n which_o air_n require_v a_o large_a field_n to_o expatiate_v in_o theâ—_n the_o void_a ai_fw-fr may_v possible_o make_v some_o impression_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o cane_n and_o bear_v up_o the_o mercury_n a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o bare_a weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v have_v sustain_v it_o at_o a_o experiment_n from_o whence_o be_v show_v the_o efficacy_n which_o the_o pressure_n of_o another_o fluid_a join_v with_o the_o air_n have_v upon_o the_o sustain_v mercurial_a cilind_a 2._o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v with_o the_o cane_n abc_n wherein_o the_o simple_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o d_o ¼_n the_o usual_a height_n of_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n pour_fw-fr water_n upon_o the_o stagnant_a level_n ebb_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o a_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o level_n d_o raise_v to_o f_o and_o the_o space_n fd_n will_v be_v 1_o 14_o of_o the_o water_n ab_fw-la pour_v in_o and_o that_o because_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cilind_a of_o mercury_n df_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o other_o cilind_a of_o water_n will_v upon_o trial_n be_v find_v equal_a have_v the_o same_o basis_n and_o of_o the_o height_n of_o ab_fw-la but_o if_o instead_o of_o water_n the_o same_o space_n ab_fw-la be_v fill_v with_o oil_n the_o mercury_n will_v rise_v to_o g_z only_o if_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o h_n whence_o we_o may_v from_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o fluid_fw-la ab_fw-la encompass_v the_o cane_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o increase_n cause_v by_o that_o fluid_a in_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a above_o the_o first_o height_n of_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n cause_v by_o the_o air_n find_v the_o proportion_n of_o specific_a gravity_n between_o the_o mercury_n and_o any_o of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluids_n ¼_n and_o likewise_o as_o easy_o that_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_n in_o respect_n of_o each_o other_o the_o same_o may_v also_o be_v obtain_v without_o a_o vacuum_n with_o a_o plain_a cilindrical_a glass_n ab_fw-la in_o the_o former_a fig._n into_o which_o by_o put_v a_o little_a mercury_n and_o the_o small_a cane_n ac_fw-la now_o suppose_v open_a at_o each_o end_n and_o then_o pour_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o several_a fluid_n seperatim_fw-la upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n ebb_n and_o all_o to_o the_o same_o height_n suppose_v a_o from_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o little_a cane_n fg_v hd_a cause_v by_o their_o respective_a gravity_n we_o may_v not_o only_o have_v the_o proportion_n of_o their_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o mercury_n but_o also_o that_o of_o the_o fluid_v compare_v with_o one_o another_o note_v that_o in_o this_o and_o all_o like_a experiment_n where_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o inward_a or_o outward_a level_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o some_o fluid_a or_o otherways_o than_o the_o letter_n point_v at_o those_o operation_n in_o the_o figure_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o place_n requisite_a and_o successive_o follow_v the_o level_n as_o it_o gradual_o move_v from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o experiment_n show_v that_o where_o the_o air_n press_v not_o at_o all_o a_o vacuum_n may_v be_v make_v not_o only_o with_o mercury_n but_o also_o with_o water_n to_o any_o height_n of_o the_o tube_n provide_v less_o than_o that_o whereto_o it_o use_v to_o be_v sustain_v by_o it_o braccio_n let_v there_o be_v a_o glass_n vessel_n ab_fw-la contain_v about_o 6_o l._n of_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n a_o big_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o cane_n cd_o 22_o 9_o 10_o inch_n long_o seal_v at_o c_o but_o oblique_o open_a at_o d_o this_o cane_n must_v have_v at_o a_o the_o place_n whereto_o it_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o vessel_n ab_fw-la two_o small_a anulet_n of_o glass_n close_o together_o that_o the_o bladder_n with_o a_o hole_n therein_o may_v be_v tie_v very_o fast_o between_o those_o two_o rug_n then_o fill_v the_o whole_a vessel_n ab_fw-la with_o water_n as_o hot_a as_o possible_a and_o the_o cane_n cd_o with_o cold_a put_v upon_o it_o at_o the_o low_a end_n d_o the_o plate_n of_o glass_n e_z fit_v to_o shut_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n ab_fw-la immerse_v the_o cane_n therein_o turn_v down_o the_o bladder_n gather_v it_o together_o and_o bind_v it_o close_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n have_v first_o press_v out_o the_o air_n from_o its_o fold_n now_o as_o the_o water_n cool_v part_n of_o the_o vessel_n fg_v will_v be_v empty_a and_o likewise_o as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n part_v of_o the_o cane_n ch_z where_o the_o water_n will_v rest_v nor_o move_v but_o upon_o some_o alteration_n of_o the_o external_n heat_v and_o cold_a but_o upon_o prick_v the_o bladder_n the_o air_n forcible_o enter_v upon_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v refill_z the_o cane_n as_o at_o first_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cane_n do_v not_o fall_v at_o first_o when_o the_o vacuum_n be_v make_v to_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n suppose_v the_o space_n agnostus_n capable_a of_o receive_v it_o it_o may_v be_v from_o a_o cause_n mention_v in_o a_o forego_n experiment_n i._n e._n from_o some_o air_n which_o raise_v itself_o from_o the_o water_n into_o the_o void_a space_n perhaps_o too_o narrow_a for_o its_o full_a expansion_n whence_o they_o imagine_v that_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o wine_n oil_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n from_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a vacuum_n remain_v in_o the_o cane_n it_o may_v be_v determine_v which_o of_o the_o fluid_n have_v most_o air_n disperse_v through_o its_o particle_n a_o experiment_n first_o make_v in_o france_n and_o after_o by_o our_o academy_n whence_o it_o be_v probable_a a_o more_o cogent_a argument_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v m._n pecquet_n in_o his_o book_n of_o new_a anatomical_a experiment_n write_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o many_o that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a in_o vacuo_fw-la vary_v according_a to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v whence_o in_o high_a place_n it_o be_v less_o and_o in_o low_a place_n and_o deep_a pit_n great_a provide_v the_o height_n be_v pretty_a considerable_a as_o that_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o auvergne_n at_o the_o top_n whereof_o the_o mercury_n want_v much_o of_o the_o usual_a height_n which_o have_v be_v say_v to_o happen_v because_o the_o high_a air_n which_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o vast_a mountain_n have_v a_o lesser_a weight_n upon_o it_o make_v a_o more_o faint_a pressure_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o that_o height_n whereto_o the_o low_a air_n of_o valley_n and_o plain_n easy_o mount_v it_o howsoever_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o assign_a cause_n may_v prove_v of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o at_o present_a our_o intent_n to_o discourse_n yet_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o very_a same_o effect_n on_o the_o high_a tower_n at_o florence_n 142._o which_o be_v 271_o foot_n high_a as_o likewise_o on_o divers_a of_o those_o small_a hill_n which_o surround_v the_o city_n and_o we_o find_v it_o
spherical_a capacity_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o weight_n at_o pleasure_n hang_v at_o f_o close_o then_o the_o fold_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o bind_v it_o very_o straight_o round_a the_o neck_n bc_n at_o e_o take_z care_v when_o you_o bind_v it_o to_o pour_v in_o water_n till_o it_o run_v over_o so_o to_o be_v secure_a that_o no_o air_n be_v include_v which_o may_v any_o way_n alter_v or_o spoil_v the_o due_a and_o right_a operation_n of_o the_o instrument_n every_o thing_n be_v perform_v after_o this_o manner_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o tower_n fasten_v to_o the_o ball_n at_o g_o a_o string_n let_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o have_v observe_v the_o degree_n whereat_o the_o water_n stand_v let_v it_o be_v draw_v up_o when_o again_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v depress_v some_o degree_n low_a as_o to_o h_n which_o will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a height_n of_o the_o tower_n this_o also_o they_o say_v happen_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o bladder_n of_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o air_n of_o the_o high_a region_n and_o so_o not_o sufficient_o arm_v external_o to_o resist_v the_o force_n make_v on_o it_o by_o the_o air_n of_o the_o low_a region_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o space_n gd_v in_o dilate_v itself_o whence_o it_o must_v necessary_o yield_v to_o enlarge_v its_o internal_a capacity_n which_o the_o small_a bulk_n of_o water_n dh_n sink_v down_o to_o fill_v out_o tab._n 7._o p_o 39_o the_o four_o instrument_n 1._o cause_o a_o glass_n ball_n to_o be_v make_v a_o with_o its_o neck_n bc_n like_o the_o three_o instrument_n only_o it_o must_v have_v a_o open_a beak_n draw_v very_o slender_a d_o round_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o neck_n c_o bind_v the_o bladder_n of_o very_o close_a this_o bladder_n be_v to_o have_v in_o its_o low_a ligature_n f_o a_o small_a thread_n of_o glass_n or_o brass-wire_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o bladder_n be_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o ball_n bc_n and_o so_o point_n at_o the_o degree_n it_o be_v minutely_o divide_v into_o let_v this_o instrument_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tower_n seal_v it_o as_o the_o other_o at_o d_o and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o degree_n point_v at_o by_o the_o end_n or_o dart_v g_o raise_v it_o then_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o dart_n high_o than_o before_o by_o some_o degree_n to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o effect_n they_o consider_v that_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n of_o the_o same_o temperament_n with_o that_o below_o which_o as_o it_o find_v one_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n less_o solid_a than_o the_o glass_n yield_v and_o easy_a to_o be_v distend_v such_o as_o be_v the_o bladder_n of_o so_o it_o no_o soon_o perceive_v itself_o relax_v from_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o surround_v air_n by_o be_v raise_v to_o a_o high_a place_n but_o it_o immediate_o endeavour_n to_o enlarge_v itself_o and_o be_v at_o liberty_n which_o it_o effect_n by_o swell_v the_o bladder_n a_o little_a more_o now_o whilst_o this_o by_o be_v so_o puff_v up_o come_v near_a to_o a_o spherical_a figure_n the_o transverse_a diameter_n of_o the_o ellipsis_n of_o be_v shorten_v as_o the_o bottom_n f_o be_v gradual_o raise_v when_o also_o the_o index_n fg_v fasten_v thereunto_o by_o obey_v its_o motion_n rise_v high_a in_o the_o neck_n bc_n and_o so_o come_v to_o point_v at_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o g._n various_a experiment_n make_v in_o vacuo_fw-la from_o the_o series_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a experiment_n torricelli_n thought_n touch_v the_o air_n pressure_n upon_o all_o inferior_a body_n seem_v full_o confirm_v and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v a_o dare_a undertake_v and_o full_a of_o hazard_n to_o determine_v of_o the_o cause_n where_o geometry_n give_v no_o illumination_n yet_o this_o boldness_n be_v never_o more_o excusable_a nor_o the_o danger_n more_o like_a to_o be_v avoid_v than_o when_o our_o understanding_n only_o by_o a_o path_n of_o many_o and_o all_o agree_a experiment_n make_v towards_o the_o attainment_n of_o its_o desire_n which_o though_o it_o may_v sometime_o fail_v off_o yet_o it_o be_v satisfy_v in_o approach_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v towards_o it_o since_o than_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o effect_n already_o mention_v that_o we_o have_v gain_v some_o reasonable_a probability_n of_o such_o a_o pressure_n it_o be_v judge_v not_o altogether_o a_o fruitless_a labour_n to_o proceed_v to_o make_v divers_a experiment_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o observe_v whether_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o operation_n will_v succeed_v contrary_a or_o any_o way_n different_a to_o what_o they_o appear_v when_o environ_v on_o every_o side_n with_o the_o free_a air._n experiment_n to_o know_v whether_o small_a drop_n of_o liquid_a body_n be_v free_v from_o the_o air_n pressure_n encompass_v they_o lose_v the_o spherical_a figure_n they_o natural_o be_v off_o some_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o general_o know_a observation_n of_o the_o drop_n of_o mercury_n tab._n 8._o p._n 41._o or_o any_o other_o fluid_a which_o spurt_v or_o rain_v through_o the_o air_n or_o let_v fall_v upon_o any_o dry_a or_o dusty_a body_n always_o be_v near_o of_o a_o globular_a figure_n wherefore_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o try_v it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la imagine_v there_o may_v then_o happen_v some_o notable_a variation_n but_o experience_n itself_o show_v that_o the_o effect_v proceed_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o air_n pressure_n for_o have_v make_v the_o vacuum_n in_o the_o vessel_n ab_fw-la the_o cavity_n a_o be_v quite_o void_a 2._o by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n there_o be_v let_v fall_v some_o drop_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n out_o of_o the_o ball_n c_o upon_o some_o colewort-leaves_a include_v in_o the_o ball_n a_o which_o have_v some_o drop_n of_o dew_n hang_v on_o they_o with_o which_o they_o be_v gather_v these_o drop_n that_o be_v admit_v contract_a themselves_o as_o round_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v upon_o a_o grow_a plant._n 3._o so_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vessel_n a_o be_v condense_v or_o rarefy_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o syringe_n cb_n the_o drop_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n sprinkle_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v not_o alter_v from_o their_o usual_a shape_n a_o experiment_n show_v the_o effect_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a apply_v external_o to_o the_o void_a space_n 1._o bind_v the_o bladder_n abc_n under_o the_o ball_n d_o make_v the_o vacuum_n therein_o turn_v the_o bladder_n upward_o to_o be_v tie_v there_o likewise_o then_o with_o a_o cane_n of_o glass_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o will_v not_o alter_v or_o bend_v take_v the_o exact_a height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a hg_n from_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n of_o after_o this_o fill_v the_o bladder_n with_o hot_a water_n and_o soon_o after_o measure_v you_o will_v find_v the_o cilind_a a_o little_a depress_v below_o the_o former_a height_n this_o observation_n make_v throw_v out_o the_o hot_a water_n let_v it_o stand_v till_o it_o return_v to_o the_o former_a height_n h_n and_o then_o fill_v the_o bladder_n with_o cold_a water_n mix_v with_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n measure_v as_o before_o you_o will_v observe_v the_o cilind_a notable_o raise_v nor_o will_v we_o omit_v that_o the_o hot_a water_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o experiment_n raise_v a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n to_o 48°_n and_o with_o the_o same_o heat_v shorten_v the_o mercurial_a cilind_a one_o 146_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a height_n and_o that_o the_o cold_a water_n increase_v to_o one_o 50_o the_o part_n when_o in_o the_o same_o water_n the_o thermometer_n come_v to_o 11_o deg_n â—_o 2._o if_o then_o a_o little_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o ball_n d_o this_o because_o it_o become_v very_o thin_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o dilatation_n it_o have_v in_o the_o void_a space_n quick_o imbibe_v heat_n or_o cold_a and_o by_o its_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n cause_n that_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o mercury_n be_v much_o more_o sensible_a and_o swift_a a_o experiment_n to_o manifest_v whether_o the_o air_n be_v that_o which_o serve_v as_o a_o foil_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o a_o lens_n of_o glass_n reflect_v that_o second_o image_n invert_v more_o dim_o and_o faint_o which_o we_o see_v of_o a_o flame_n or_o any_o other_o object_n visible_a there_o opt._n as_o kepler_n think_v it_o be_v 2._o on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n vessel_n ac_fw-la we_o cement_v with_o hard_a cement_n a_o glass_n lens_fw-la ab_fw-la this_o mouth_n have_v its_o lip_n turn_v a_o little_a
between_o the_o cilind_a and_o barrel_n and_o by_o try_v with_o a_o pierce_a we_o find_v it_o solid_a ice_n for_o all_o this_o we_o be_v not_o certain_a the_o water_n be_v all_o freeze_a nor_o can_v we_o be_v easy_o satisfy_v because_o of_o the_o opacous_a tube_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o water_n may_v get_v out_o at_o the_o screw_n of_o the_o touchhole_n and_o so_o part_v of_o the_o tube_n between_o the_o cilind_a of_o ice_n and_o box_n remain_v empty_a or_o in_o fine_a the_o water_n when_o at_o perfect_a liberty_n may_v rarefie_v in_o a_o great_a proportion_n than_o it_o can_v do_v when_o under_o the_o constraint_n of_o a_o close_a vessel_n as_o it_o be_v here_o for_o the_o box_n be_v so_o fit_v to_o the_o barrel_n and_o by_o imbibe_v the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o oil_n so_o swell_v that_o after_o the_o ice_n be_v thaw_v and_o the_o water_n pour_v out_o at_o the_o touchhole_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pull_v it_o out_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o pincer_n or_o a_o vice_n so_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o burn_v it_o out_o the_o three_o experiment_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o many_o difficulty_n we_o encounter_v in_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v these_o proportion_n by_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cilinder_n upon_o the_o same_o basis_n and_o a_o metalline_a tube_n we_o betake_v ourselves_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n of_o weight_n this_o we_o try_v with_o a_o transparent_a glass_n cane_n and_o weigh_v the_o water_n put_v therein_o to_o freeze_v and_o afterward_o as_o much_o ice_n as_o fill_v that_o same_o space_n in_o the_o cane_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o turn_v with_o the_o 1_o 48_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o proportion_n be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o 25_o to_o 28_o 1_o 19_o little_o less_o than_o that_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n of_o measure_n which_o be_v as_o 8_o to_o 9_o the_o same_o as_o 25_o to_o 28_o â…›_n find_v so_o great_a a_o agreement_n in_o the_o proportion_n not_o to_o flatter_v ourselves_o with_o this_o success_n we_o repeat_v the_o first_o experiment_n with_o the_o same_o cane_n and_o find_v it_o as_o at_o first_o as_o 8_o to_z 9_o and_o we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v not_o alter_v for_o keep_v the_o glass_n cane_n close_o shut_v the_o whole_a time_n of_o the_o freeze_a and_o till_o it_o thaw_v again_o our_o balance_n show_v it_o to_o be_v of_o the_o very_a same_o weight_n as_o at_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o procedure_n of_o artificial_a freezing_n with_o their_o wonderful_a accident_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o make_v use_v of_o in_o these_o experiment_n be_v a_o bolt-head_n of_o glass_n ½_o about_o 2_o 8_o 10_o inch_n diameter_n with_o a_o neck_n about_o 34_o inch_n long_o slender_a and_o divide_v into_o minute_n degree_n into_o this_o we_o pour_v fair_a water_n to_o a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n 1._o then_o set_v the_o bolt-head_n or_o ball_n in_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n as_o we_o use_v to_o do_v to_o freeze_v liquor_n we_o attentive_o observe_v the_o motion_n thereof_o by_o view_v its_o superficies_n we_o know_v before_o as_o indeed_o few_o be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o from_o the_o first_o application_n of_o cold_a it_o contract_v all_o liquor_n lessen_v their_o bulk_n and_o this_o we_o find_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la of_o the_o thermometer_n but_o also_o we_o have_v often_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o fair_a water_n oil_n mercury_n and_o many_o other_o fluid_n on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o water_n pass_v from_o a_o simple_a coldness_n to_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o receive_v consistency_n and_o firmness_n by_o glaciation_n do_v not_o only_o return_v to_o its_o first_o bulk_n but_o so_o far_o exceed_v it_o as_o to_o burst_v vessel_n of_o glass_n and_o metal_n with_o great_a violence_n but_o we_o be_v yet_o ignorant_a what_o period_n these_o several_a alteration_n produce_v by_o cold_a observe_v neither_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o attain_v it_o in_o opake_v vessel_n as_o those_o of_o silver_n brass_n and_o gold_n be_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o freezing_n wherefore_o not_o to_o fail_v in_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a life_n of_o all_o these_o experiment_n we_o have_v recourse_n to_o vessel_n of_o crystal_n and_o glass_n hope_v by_o the_o transparency_n of_o the_o material_n to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o experiment_n since_o upon_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o level_n in_o the_o neck_n we_o may_v take_v the_o vessel_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o mark_v the_o correspondent_a alteration_n therein_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v we_o find_v great_a trouble_n than_o at_o first_o we_o imagine_v to_o gain_v any_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o period_n of_o these_o accident_n but_o to_o relate_v the_o success_n more_o distinct_o you_o must_v know_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n of_o the_o ball_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o touch_v the_o freeze_a mixture_n we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n a_o little_a rise_n but_o very_o quick_a which_o soon_o subside_v it_o fall_v in_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o motion_n regular_a enough_o and_o a_o moderate_a velocity_n retire_v to_o the_o ball_n till_o arrive_v at_o a_o certain_a degree_n it_o stop_v for_o some_o time_n as_o far_o as_o our_o eye_n can_v judge_v immovable_a then_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o emount_v but_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n and_o apparent_o equal_a and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a without_o any_o proportionate_a acceleration_n it_o fly_v up_o with_o a_o furious_a spring_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v it_o any_o long_o with_o the_o eye_n instantaneous_o run_v through_o the_o decade_n of_o degree_n and_o as_o this_o fury_n begin_v of_o a_o sudden_a so_o of_o a_o sudden_a it_o cease_v change_v from_o that_o great_a swiftness_n to_o a_o movement_n though_o very_o fast_o yet_o incomparable_o less_o swift_a than_o the_o precedent_n and_o with_o this_o it_o continue_v to_o rise_v most_o common_o till_o it_o run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o all_o the_o while_n these_o thing_n happen_v be_v observe_v several_a little_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n or_o some_o other_o more_o subtle_a body_n to_o arise_v and_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n sometime_o in_o a_o great_a sometime_o in_o a_o less_o proportion_n this_o separation_n be_v not_o visible_a till_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o receive_v a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o if_o the_o force_n of_o the_o cold_a have_v the_o faculty_n of_o secrete_v such_o a_o matter_n from_o the_o water_n after_o this_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o see_v if_o these_o alteration_n keep_v any_o kind_n of_o equality_n or_o proportion_n with_o each_o other_o wherefore_o we_o repeat_v the_o freezing_n scarce_o one_o ice_n be_v dissolve_v but_o we_o set_v it_o again_o to_o freeze_v but_o the_o water_n always_o freeze_v with_o the_o same_o series_n of_o change_n yet_o because_o they_o do_v not_o still_o every_o time_n rise_v to_o the_o same_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o neck_n we_o begin_v to_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o fix_a period_n for_o which_o it_o seem_v we_o have_v some_o reason_n at_o last_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o often_o repeat_v these_o experiment_n we_o by_o chance_n let_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v in_o the_o neck_n first_o of_o which_o we_o speak_v in_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a 2._o and_o so_o break_v our_o vessel_n whereupon_o we_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o this_o we_o blow_v less_o than_o the_o former_a that_o the_o cold_a might_n soon_o insinuate_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o water_n we_o also_o make_v the_o neck_n long_o to_o the_o height_n of_o 45_o â—_o 10_o inch_n brac._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o run_v over_o this_o we_o fill_v to_o 160_o deg_n and_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v in_o ice_n very_o diligent_o hee_v it_o we_o find_v at_o first_o that_o all_o the_o accident_n of_o subside_v rise_a rest_a remount_v swift_o run_v up_o and_o stop_v again_o be_v the_o very_a same_o i._n e._n happen_v always_o when_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o same_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o neck_n for_o upon_o put_v it_o in_o the_o ice_n we_o observe_v it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o former_a trial_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v the_o whole_a instrument_n for_o a_o nice_a thermometer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v satisfy_v so_o far_o we_o proceed_v to_o find_v the_o exact_a time_n of_o freeze_a and_o to_o obtain_v this_o we_o take_v the_o ball_n out_o
of_o their_o transparency_n yet_o at_o least_o we_o gain_v this_o much_o that_o water_n can_v be_v compress_v with_o a_o very_a great_a force_n and_o so_o far_o we_o have_v proceed_v that_o a_o power_n able_a to_o reduce_v air_n into_o a_o space_n 30_o time_n less_o than_o what_o it_o first_o fill_v that_o power_n not_o only_o thirty_o time_n but_o a_o hundred_o nay_o perchance_o a_o thousand_o time_n increase_v be_v too_o weak_a to_o compress_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n a_o hair_n breadth_n or_o the_o least_o visible_a space_n from_o its_o natural_a extent_n the_o method_n we_o take_v be_v those_o that_o follow_v tab_n 17._o p._n 115._o the_o first_o experiment_n 1._o let_v there_o be_v at_o the_o end_v of_o two_o glass_n cane_n ab_fw-la ac_fw-la two_o ball_n of_o glass_n also_o the_o one_o large_a than_o the_o other_o fill_v both_o with_o fair_a water_n to_o d_o and_o e_z and_o join_v they_o together_o with_o a_o lamp_n remember_v to_o leave_v a_o passage_n open_a in_o seal_v they_o at_o a_o and_o to_o draw_v the_o beak_n of_o very_o long_a and_o open_a then_o apply_v to_o each_o ball_n a_o glass_n full_a of_o beat_a ice_n bury_v they_o therein_o that_o by_o condense_v the_o water_n there_o may_v enter_v as_o much_o air_n as_o possible_a into_o the_o cane_n and_o the_o better_a to_o force_v it_o down_o you_o may_v rub_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n backward_o and_o forward_o upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o syphon_n dae_n which_o by_o its_o coldness_n contract_v the_o air_n in_o the_o cane_n there_o will_v enter_v in_o more_o to_o fill_v it_o at_o the_o beak_n f_o then_o seal_v it_o at_o a_o flame_n and_o the_o contain_v air_n will_v remain_v press_v and_o throng_v together_o after_o this_o as_o it_o be_v seal_v take_v the_o ball_n b_o out_o of_o the_o ice_n and_o at_o first_o immerse_v it_o in_o tepid_a water_n next_o in_o warm_a and_o at_o last_o in_o boil_v keep_v the_o ball_n c_o all_o the_o while_n cover_v with_o ice_n to_o reduce_v the_o water_n therein_o to_o the_o utmost_a condensation_n which_o suppose_v to_o be_v at_o e_o moreover_o endeavour_v to_o compress_v the_o cilind_a of_o air_n ge_n to_o its_o great_a density_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o g_o be_v rarify_v by_o the_o receive_a heat_n from_o the_o water_n suppose_v to_o boil_v round_o about_o the_o ball_n b_o now_o if_o the_o water_n can_v suffer_v any_o compression_n it_o ought_v to_o subside_o from_o the_o press_a air_n below_o the_o mark_n e_o but_o with_o we_o it_o still_o happen_v otherwise_o for_o when_o the_o water_n at_o e_z be_v once_o reduce_v to_o its_o utmost_a condensation_n by_o the_o cold_a etc._n etc._n the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n ge_n press_v thereon_o be_v unable_a to_o gain_v a_o tittle_n and_o do_v soon_o burst_v out_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ball_n c_o than_o force_v the_o level_n e_o a_o jot_n rame_n and_o when_o to_o add_v a_o great_a strength_n to_o the_o instrument_n we_o make_v the_o two_o ball_n of_o copper_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ball_n c_o have_v sustain_v the_o force_n between_o the_o air_n press_v at_o e_o and_o solidity_n of_o the_o metal_n with_o insuperable_a resistance_n rather_o burst_v the_o syphon_n which_o must_v be_v of_o glass_n to_o discover_v the_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n join_v fast_o to_o the_o copper_n with_o mastic_n or_o the_o usual_a hard_a cement_n the_o second_o experiment_n 2._o let_v there_o be_v prepare_v a_o vessel_n of_o glass_n ab_fw-la contain_v about_o 6_o l._n of_o water_n the_o mouth_n large_a enough_o to_o receive_v a_o glass_n cane_n bind_v close_o about_o with_o lead_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v fill_v this_o vessel_n with_o water_n up_o to_o cd_o immerse_v the_o cane_n of_o open_a at_o each_o end_n therein_o and_o soder_n it_o close_v at_o a_o with_o the_o usual_a cement_n remember_v to_o lift_v up_o the_o low_a end_v a_o little_a from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n fb_n that_o the_o liquor_n pour_v thereinto_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n into_o the_o vessel_n then_o begin_v to_o pour_v quick_a silver_n down_o the_o cane_n into_o the_o vessel_n raise_v up_o the_o water_n till_o the_o vessel_n be_v quite_o full_a the_o air_n have_v its_o exit_n at_o the_o beak_n h_n and_o to_o be_v certain_a all_o the_o air_n be_v go_v let_v some_o water_n out_o at_o the_o beak_n h_n and_o immediate_o seal_v it_o with_o a_o flame_n note_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o degree_n the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o in_o the_o vessel_n ik_fw-mi afterward_o pour_v in_o more_o mercury_n fill_v the_o cane_n to_o the_o top_n then_o if_o the_o water_n by_o this_o force_n be_v compress_v the_o height_n ik_fw-mi will_v gradual_o increase_v as_o the_o water_n yield_v we_o by_o a_o charge_n of_o 80_o l._n of_o mercury_n 4._o in_o a_o cane_n above_o 91_o inch_n long_o for_o so_o much_o our_o instrument_n hold_v without_o crack_v can_v not_o perceive_v the_o level_v ik_fw-mi raise_v a_o hair_n breadth_n the_o water_n obstinate_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o so_o great_a a_o momentum_fw-la the_o three_o experiment_n 3._o we_o order_v a_o thin_a large_a vessel_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n cool_v very_o well_o with_o ice_n and_o screw_v the_o cover_n on_o with_o a_o very_a close_a screw_n then_o we_o begin_v to_o hammer_v the_o vessel_n gentle_o every_o where_o and_o the_o batter_a silver_n which_o be_v so_o little_o ductile_a do_v not_o at_o all_o thin_a and_o distend_v itself_o as_o refine_a gold_n lead_v and_o other_o soft_a metal_n do_v lessen_v and_o compress_v the_o inward_a capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n by_o degree_n yet_o the_o water_n for_o all_o this_o suffer_v not_o the_o least_o compression_n for_o at_o every_o stroke_n we_o perceive_v it_o to_o sweat_v through_o the_o vessel_n at_o all_o the_o little_a pore_n of_o the_o metal_n as_o quicksilver_n when_o press_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n spirit_n through_o in_o little_a drop_n this_o be_v what_o we_o think_v worth_a relate_v of_o these_o three_o experiment_n but_o be_v not_o yet_o able_a to_o say_v whether_o if_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o vessel_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o if_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n and_o so_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n or_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a be_v increase_v in_o the_o second_o or_o if_o in_o the_o last_o the_o vessel_n be_v successive_o make_v of_o thick_a silver_n i_o say_v we_o be_v not_o positive_a whether_o the_o water_n may_v not_o at_o last_o happen_v to_o be_v compress_v this_o be_v certain_a that_o water_n in_o comparison_n of_o air_n resist_v the_o compression_n we_o may_v almost_o say_v infinite_o more_o which_o confirm_v what_o we_o say_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o experiment_n that_o if_o experience_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o inquire_v truth_n yet_o it_o go_v hard_a if_o it_o strike_v not_o out_o some_o light_n experiment_n to_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o positive_a levity_n ancient_a and_o famous_a be_v that_o question_n whether_o those_o body_n that_o we_o usual_o call_v light_n be_v so_o real_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o mount_v upward_o from_o any_o proper_a tendency_n or_o whether_o their_o motion_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o chase_n or_o flight_n they_o be_v force_v to_o by_o more_o heavy_a body_n which_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o desire_v to_o descend_v and_o place_n themselves_o undermost_a press_v and_o as_o it_o be_v compel_v the_o other_o to_o rise_v this_o opinion_n which_o chief_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v entertain_v in_o these_o latter_a age_n be_v yet_o not_o unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n nay_o it_o be_v assert_v from_o rational_a ground_n by_o many_o philosopher_n in_o those_o time_n among_o the_o rest_n clear_o by_o plato_n in_o timaeo_n and_o he_o advance_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o probability_n of_o that_o thought_n that_o he_o not_o only_o hold_v that_o the_o heavy_a body_n force_v up_o the_o less_o heavy_a as_o fire_n do_v air_n but_o also_o the_o more_o heavy_a as_o water_n in_o respect_n of_o air_n when_o ever_o it_o be_v make_v light_a by_o the_o interspersion_n of_o fiery_a particle_n and_o this_o he_o seem_v design_o to_o insinuate_v in_o the_o above-cited_n dialogue_n of_o timaeus_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o fire_n rise_v from_o the_o hot_a entrail_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o enter_v into_o a_o vacuity_n thrust_v forward_o the_o air_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o which_o not_o only_o give_v way_n thereto_o but_o even_o dive_v it_o of_o those_o moist_a particle_n wherewith_o it_o ascend_v and_o then_o help_v it_o forward_o and_o raise_v it_o up_o unto_o
pressure_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 14_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o natural_a compression_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 35._o a_o instrument_n convenient_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 49_o make_a use_n of_o in_o artificial_a freezing_n p._n 77_o *_o iris-green_a what_o p._n 136_o l._n light_n body_n most_o impregnate_v therewith_o p._n 158_o whether_o its_o motion_n instantaneous_a p._n 157_o transcur_n the_o space_n of_o 2_o mile_n in_o a_o undiscernible_a time_n p._n 157_o the_o suppose_a positive_a lightness_n of_o body_n do_v not_o raise_v they_o up_o p._n 118_o experiment_n thereon_o 119_o liquor_n make_v other_o fluid_n turbid_v and_o clear_v again_o p._n 133_o m._n magnet_n not_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o fluid_a or_o solid_a body_n p._n 124_o its_o north_n pole_n weak_a when_o place_v southwards_o than_o northwards_o p._n 127_o mercury_n fit_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 14_o at_o what_o height_n sustain_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 15_o alter_v by_o external_n accident_n ib._n raise_v high_o in_o a_o ambient_fw-la of_o water_n than_o air_n ib._n a_o vial_n fill_v with_o mercury_n not_o run_v out_o p._n 27_o how_o high_a raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o simple_a pressure_n of_o water_n p._n 30_o rise_v or_o fall_v as_o the_o place_n of_o observation_n be_v high_a or_o low_o p._n 35_o dissolve_v snow_n put_v into_o it_o p._n 58_o be_v attract_v by_o amber_n p._n 130_o metal_n of_o the_o vessel_n cause_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o liquor_n freeze_a p._n 96_o which_o sort_n preserve_v ice_n best_a p._n 101_o dilate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n p._n 110_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 8_o motion_n observe_v in_o the_o height_n of_o liquor_n when_o first_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v set_v in_o several_a ambient_n p._n 105_o muscadine_n its_o effect_n in_o freeze_a p._n 92_o n._n nitre_n chill_v water_n when_o mix_v therewith_o p._n 100_o 153_o o._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o water_n produce_v a_o great_a heat_n p._n 153_o and_o with_o all_o fluid_v the_o like_a except_o oil_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ib._n that_o and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a together_o make_v a_o cold_a ebullition_n ib._n etc._n etc._n p._n paper_n white_a fire_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o pearl_n with_o what_o effect_v dissolve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 59_o pendulum_n the_o best_a time-meeter_n p._n 10_o their_o description_n and_o use_n p._n 11_o their_o vibration_n quick_a or_o slow_a according_a to_o their_o length_n p._n 12_o first_o apply_v to_o clock_n by_o galileo_n ib._n plato_n thought_n of_o the_o raise_n up_o of_o fire_n and_o water_n by_o the_o air_n p._n 118_o pole_n of_o the_o magnet_n when_o most_o efficacious_a p._n 127_o prejudices_fw-la against_o material_a instrument_n p._n 114_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n act_v upon_o all_o fluid_n p._n 13_o its_o difference_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 35_o experiment_n in_o favour_n of_o that_o pressure_n p._n 17_o objection_n against_o it_o p._n 19_o the_o reply_n of_o some_o person_n thereto_o p._n 20_o procedure_v observe_v by_o some_o liquor_n in_o freeze_a 77*_n proportion_n of_o air_n natural_a to_o that_o rarify_v not_o still_o the_o same_o p._n 24_o whence_o it_o may_v proceed_v ib._n r._n raise_v of_o fluid_n high_o in_o small_a cane_n not_o only_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o weak_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o they_o p._n 56_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o len_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n p._n 42_o report_n of_o a_o demi-canon_n etc._n etc._n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o ring_n turn_v out_o of_o wood_n by_o imbibe_v moisture_n dilate_v p._n 108_o cilindrical_a ring_n of_o brass_n dilate_v by_o heat_n in_o the_o fire_n p._n 107_o the_o same_o vigorous_o freeze_v contract_v p._n 108_o rod_n of_o steel_n seem_v light_a hot_a than_o cold_a p._n 149_o s._n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a most_o efficacious_a in_o produce_v cold_a p._n 100_o mix_v with_o water_n arrive_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o freeze_a p._n 153_o scale_n for_o the_o velocity_n of_o sound_n p._n 142_o scope_n of_o the_o academy_n in_o their_o experiment_n with_o mercury_n p._n 33_o smoke_n descend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o a_o parabola_fw-la p._n 48_o snow_n melt_v by_o mercury_n p._n 58_o dissolve_v as_o slow_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o the_o open_a air_n ib._n snow-water_n long_o in_o freeze_v than_o other_o liquor_n p._n 90_o yet_o the_o same_o after_o boil_a ib._n sound_n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o how_n propagate_v according_a to_o the_o stoic_n p._n 139_o unalterable_a in_o their_o velocity_n p._n 140_o sound_v of_o a_o bell_n and_o organ_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o air_n p._n 50_o spirit_n of_o wine_n make_v no_o sediment_n p._n 3_o sprinkle_a upon_o ice_n increase_v the_o cold_a p._n 100_o not_o to_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o that_o and_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n ferment_n with_o water_n with_o ebullition_n and_o heat_n p._n 154_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n stop_v fermentation_n and_o chill_v p._n 154_o a_o cold_a steam_n from_o vessel_n fill_v with_o ice_n p._n 102_o sugar_n promote_v freeze_v p._n 100_o superficies_n of_o ice_n how_o raise_v in_o the_o midst_n p._n 97_o t._n table_n of_o freeze_a p._n 83_o thermometer_n what_o p._n 2_o how_o seal_v p._n 3_o use_v in_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a and_o why_o p._n 82_o their_o exactness_n unalterable_a by_o the_o small_a alteration_n of_o the_o capacity_n of_o their_o head_n or_o ball_n p._n 107_o tincture_n of_o rose_n how_o make_v p._n 136_o tincture_n alter_v to_o several_a colour_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o divers_a spirit_n ib._n v._o vacuum_n what_o intend_v thereby_o p._n 16_o make_v better_a with_o mercury_n than_o by_o suction_n p._n 51_o velocity_n communicate_v by_o the_o powder_n to_o the_o bullet_n when_o fire_v downward_o preternatural_a thereto_o according_a to_o galileo_n sentiment_n p._n 144_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n 145_o vessel_n with_o small_a neck_n how_o fill_v p._n 3_o one_o make_v use_n of_o in_o many_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o vacuity_n p._n 49_o of_o several_a material_n burst_v by_o frost_n p._n 72_o of_o earth_n contribute_v most_o to_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n p._n 96_o of_o metal_n and_o glass_n alter_v their_o capacity_n by_o the_o external_a application_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a p._n 104_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o unaltered_a p._n 105_o vibration_n of_o the_o same_o pendulum_n not_o always_o equal_a p._n 11_o vincenzio_n galilei_n first_o adapt_v the_o pendulum_n to_o clockwork_n p._n 13_o vinegar_n style_v dissolve_v pearl_n and_o coral_n p._n 59_o virtue_n electric_n in_o what_o substance_n most_o conspicuous_a p._n 128_o hinder_v by_o the_o least_o obstacle_n interpose_v p._n 132_o virtue_n or_o force_v already_o impress_v upon_o body_n not_o alterable_a by_o a_o new_a direction_n of_o motion_n p._n 145_o w._n water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la rise_v not_o above_o 33_o foot_n 5_o inch_n p._n 15_o how_o try_v with_o other_o liquor_n p._n 31_o with_o what_o care_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o vessel_n p._n 79_o after_o remount_v upon_o freeze_a continue_v to_o rarify_v p._n 81_o in_o specific_a gravity_n to_o ice_n as_o 9_o to_o 8_o or_o as_o 28_o ½_o to_o 25_o p._n 79_o in_o freeze_a force_n through_o the_o screw_n of_o vessel_n p._n 74_o freeze_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 98_o difficult_a if_o at_o all_o to_o be_v compress_v p._n 114_o attempt_v by_o rarifaction_n of_o air_n p._n 115_o dead_a weight_n p._n 116_o percussion_n p._n 117_o still_v in_o lead_n thicken_v fair_a water_n p._n 133_o a_o way_n to_o open_v and_o close_o again_o quick_o and_o easy_o any_o glass_n vessel_n p._n 26_o weight_n able_a to_o enlarge_v the_o capacity_n of_o vessel_n p._n 113_o specific_a weight_n of_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n how_o find_v p._n 147_o wind_n contrary_a or_o favour_v neither_o retard_v nor_o accelerate_v the_o motion_n of_o sound_n p._n 140_o the_o contrary_a only_o weaken_v the_o vivacity_n thereof_o ib._n provando_fw-la e_o riprovandâ—_n tab._n 1._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n bianco_n smalto_n nero._n tab._n 1._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 5._o libecciata_n aquilonari_fw-la libecci_n poneuti_fw-la 17_o bra._n â—_o 3_o tab._n 2._o fig._n 2._o 2._o brac._n 2_o brac._n brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 2._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 2._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 3._o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 4._o fig._n 1._o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 4._o fig._n 3._o br._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 4._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 5._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 2._o brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 3._o 1_o braccio_n br_n 142._o br._n 50._o tab._n 6._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n tab._n 6._o fig._n 2._o ½_o brac._n tab._n 6._o fig._n 3._o â…“_n di_fw-it brac._n â…”_n di_fw-it br._n tab._n 7._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 1._o astr_n opt._n tab._n 8._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 2._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o pastiglia_fw-it nera_fw-mi â…“_n di_fw-mi brac._n 2_o brac._n lucertole_n mignatte_n fig._n 6._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 7._o fig._n 8._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 9_o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 4._o 2_o brac._n ½_o di_fw-it br._n 1_o brac._n ¼_n mignatta_n lumaca_n grilli_n farfalla_n moscone_n lucertola_fw-la uccelletto_fw-it calderugio_n allodola_n passera_fw-fr 1_o brac._n ¼_n granchio_n tenero_fw-la ranocchio_n granchio_n duro_fw-la ranocchio_n pescettâ—_n barbio_n anguilla_n barbio_n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 11._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 7._o lasca_n tab._n 11._o fig._n 8._o lasca_n â—_o br._n 2_o 4_o job_n 38._o ver_fw-la 22._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 2._o 1_o piastra_n tab._n 12._o fig._n 5._o &_o 6._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o ottone_v 2_o piastre_n tab._n 13._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 13._o fig._n 2._o ottone_v ottone_v tab._n 13_o fig._n 4._o â…›_n di_fw-mi brac._n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 14._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n stato_fw-it naturale_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it immersione_n abbassamento_fw-la quiet_n sollevamento_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it agghiacciamento_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 3._o acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it mortella_n acqua_fw-la rosa_fw-la acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it aranci_n aqua_fw-la di_fw-it fravole_fw-it acqua_fw-la di_fw-it cannella_n acqua_fw-la di_fw-it neve_n strutta_n acqua_fw-la della_fw-it ficoncella_n vini_n rosso_n di_fw-fr chianti_n muscadello_n bianco_n aceto_n bianco_n agro_n di_fw-fr limoni_n spirito_n di_fw-fr vitriolo_n olio_fw-la piombo_n stagno_n rame_n ferro_fw-la oro_fw-la argento_n acquarzente_fw-la bicchieri_n tazze_fw-it sparse_fw-mi tab._n 15._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n armilla_n di_fw-fr branzo_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 2_o &_o 3_o tab._n 15._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 15._o fig._n 6._o 1_o brac._n ciambella_n stagno_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 1._o minugia_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 3._o minugie_a rame_n ricotto_n ottone_v tab._n 16._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 1._o rame_n tab._n 17._o fig._n 2._o brac._n 4._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 2._o ambra_fw-mi gialla_n cera_n lacca_n diamante_n zaffiro_fw-la bianco_n smeraldo_n topazio_n bianco_n ambra_fw-mi bianca_n e_fw-it nera_fw-mi lapis_fw-la lazzali_n turchine_n diaspre_n agate_n coralli_fw-la pearl_n metalli_fw-la lapilli_fw-la de_fw-fr sali_n saggina_fw-la bassilico_n gruppiti_fw-la tavole_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la e_o d'_fw-fr anici_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n tincture_n di_fw-mi rose_n rise_v safferano_n verde_n giglio_n vinato_n lacca_n muffa_o moschetto_n artiglieria_n spingarda_n smeriglio_n mezzo-cannone_a spingarda_n mastio_n dialog_n 2d_o de_fw-fr sistemi_fw-it colubrina_n falconetto_n 50_o brac_n their_o mile_n be_v about_o 5925_o f._n colubrinetta_n fasciate_v ignude_v archibuso_n dialogo_fw-la 40_o deal_v trattato_n dell_fw-it 2_o nuove_v scienze_n pettabotta_fw-it 3_o danari_fw-la 4_o br._n balestrone_n br._n 78._o br._n 6._o br._n 100_o br._n 17._o ½_o tab._n 19_o fig._n 3._o 1_o ½_o br._n vetriole_n sal_fw-la nitre_n sal_fw-la armoniaco_fw-it cold_a ebullition_n acquarzente_fw-la sp._n di_o vetriolo_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n olio_fw-la dicera_fw-la quintes_n di_fw-it zolfo_n estratt_n dorina_fw-la di_fw-it cavallo_n sp._n di_fw-mi cedrato_fw-mi starna_n pag._n 43._o edit_fw-la lugd._n 1638._o acquarzente_fw-la pastiglia_fw-it balsamo_n bianco_n etc._n etc._n
thick_a and_o broad_a at_o one_o end_n and_o more_o acute_a at_o the_o other_o like_o little_a dagger_n from_o the_o side_n of_o these_o shoot_v out_o other_o small_a thread_n close_o together_o like_a feather_n or_o palm_n branch_n these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o warp_a and_o with_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_o fill_v up_o they_o proceed_v shoot_v and_o increase_v till_o the_o woof_n close_v all_o with_o a_o total_a freeze_a of_o the_o water_n the_o superficies_n whereof_o may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v all_o raze_v and_o full_a of_o strait_a line_n like_o crystal_n scratch_v with_o a_o fine_a graver_n at_o first_o the_o superficies_n of_o all_o these_o ice_n appear_v plain_a but_o when_o the_o freeze_a be_v thorough_o finish_v and_o all_o the_o water_n congeal_v it_o at_o last_o become_v raise_v in_o hillock_n but_o without_o any_o regular_a figure_n this_o effect_v make_v some_o call_n to_o mind_n what_o be_v register_v in_o our_o first_o experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_a where_o the_o innermost_a cover_n of_o the_o silver_n vessel_n be_v find_v crack_v and_o all_o coated_a over_o with_o a_o thin_a ice_n make_v of_o the_o water_n that_o get_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n at_o the_o crack_n in_o the_o instant_n of_o freeze_a thereupon_o they_o say_v that_o the_o first_o crust_n of_o ice_n which_o spread_v itself_o over_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o shut_v it_o close_o than_o any_o cover_n can_v by_o stick_v fast_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v not_o leave_v space_n enough_o for_o the_o water_n under_o it_o to_o rarify_v in_o as_o it_o freeze_v but_o it_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v room_n where_o it_o can_v and_o find_v the_o cake_n of_o ice_n weak_a than_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o make_v its_o way_n there_o and_o heap_n itself_o up_o more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o plain_n in_o which_o it_o break_v when_o the_o first_o cake_n split_v which_o afterward_o likewise_o freeze_a form_n that_o little_o swell_v mention_v this_o happen_v sometime_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n which_o as_o they_o think_v be_v most_o probable_o cause_v by_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o water_n freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n whereby_o the_o cake_n of_o ice_n at_o the_o top_n become_v so_o hard_a that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o break_v the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o the_o icey_n cover_v but_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v concern_v these_o matter_n since_o there_o may_v be_v many_o case_n wherein_o either_o the_o vessel_n be_v only_o burst_v or_o the_o cover_v only_o or_o first_o one_o than_o the_o other_o or_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n according_a as_o the_o external_n accident_n of_o the_o air_n vary_v as_o to_o cold_a calmness_n or_o wind_n and_o from_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o vessel_n resistance_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n themselves_o before_o we_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o discourse_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o relate_v a_o trifle_a accident_n observe_v this_o year_n which_o though_o of_o small_a moment_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v some_o help_n to_o the_o former_a opinion_n a_o cup_n of_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o evening_n we_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n all_o the_o water_n freeze_v and_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o its_o superficies_n it_o have_v a_o point_n of_o ice_n a_o finger_n high_a like_o a_o small_a sharp_a splinter_n of_o rock_n crystal_n this_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o water_n issue_v out_o at_o a_o crack_n in_o the_o first_o incrustation_n be_v force_v by_o the_o freeze_a underneath_o which_o violent_o rise_v in_o a_o small_a stream_n and_o predispose_v to_o frieze_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v congeal_v to_o a_o hard_a ice_n in_o that_o very_a instant_n not_o have_v time_n to_o fall_v the_o second_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o have_v likewise_o try_v to_o frieze_n water_n in_o a_o vacuum_n make_v with_o mercury_n and_o that_o we_o may_v compare_v it_o with_o that_o make_v in_o the_o air_n we_o put_v water_n in_o a_o vessel_n like_o that_o include_v in_o the_o vacuum_n therefore_o expose_v they_o all_o night_n we_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n both_o freeze_v yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o ice_n make_v in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v more_o equal_a and_o hard_a and_o less_o transparent_a and_o porous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o upon_o examination_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la the_o way_n we_o take_v to_o discover_v this_o be_v by_o turn_v a_o piece_n of_o each_o ice_n like_o a_o cilind_a and_o of_o the_o same_o bulk_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v and_o put_v they_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o which_o gentle_o pour_v some_o red_a wine_n we_o see_v the_o ice_n make_v in_o the_o air_n rise_v up_o before_o that_o make_v in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o when_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o swim_v about_o light_a and_o quick_a because_o the_o fluid_a cover_v less_o of_o it_o than_o of_o the_o other_o the_o three_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o still_v water_n have_v set_v common_a still_v water_n in_o several_a vial_n to_o freeze_v we_o find_v the_o ice_n more_o limpid_a and_o transparent_a than_o usual_o the_o water_n be_v only_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o small_a nut_n of_o a_o more_o opaque_fw-la ice_n and_o white_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o round_o about_o it_o divers_a spiculae_fw-la of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o ice_n in_o fine_a to_o give_v a_o true_a picture_n of_o it_o in_o each_o vial_n it_o be_v like_o the_o burr_n or_o husk_n of_o a_o chestnut_n freeze_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o rock-cristal_n as_o we_o see_v fly_n worm_n or_o butter-flys_a entomb_v in_o amber_n or_o like_o little_a bit_n of_o straw_n herb_n etc._n etc._n in_o crystal_n itself_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o sea_n water_n to_o see_v the_o freeze_a of_o sea_n water_n we_o expose_v one_o evening_n to_o the_o air_n when_o a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n stand_v at_o 9_o °_o two_o glass_n full_a of_o it_o to_o freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n we_o find_v the_o shallow_a begin_v to_o freeze_v but_o in_o a_o manner_n somewhat_o different_a from_o common_a water_n for_o it_o show_v like_o a_o great_a many_o small_a scale_n of_o talk_n break_v to_o piece_n and_o put_v in_o water_n these_o take_v away_o the_o trasparency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o give_v it_o the_o consistence_n of_o sherbet_n which_o be_v drink_v freeze_v in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o external_o apply_v snow_n grow_v more_o languid_a it_o begin_v to_o dissolve_v in_o a_o while_n look_v upon_o it_o again_o we_o observe_v it_o a_o little_o firm_a as_o the_o multiply_v of_o the_o scale_n lessen_v the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v yet_o hard_a though_o it_o come_v nothing_o near_o the_o hardness_n of_o common_a ice_n for_o upon_o any_o little_a agitation_n it_o turn_v to_o water_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o scale_n be_v narrow_a and_o longish_n and_o between_o they_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fluid_n moreover_o the_o mass_n stick_v no_o where_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o turn_v free_o about_o in_o it_o the_o superficies_n be_v altogether_o plain_a without_o any_o prominence_n or_o rise_n and_o the_o difference_n consist_v whole_o in_o a_o more_o loose_a and_o thin_a order_n and_o texture_n then_o that_o of_o ordinary_a ice_n the_o five_o experiment_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o sal-armoniac_a nitre_n etc._n etc._n in_o freeze_a it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o ice_n be_v most_o efficacious_o cold_a when_o sprinkle_v over_o with_o salt_n as_o to_o this_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o sal-armoniac_a invigorate_n it_o more_o than_o any_o other_o for_o we_o have_v experiment_v it_o upon_o the_o same_o water_n of_o the_o same_o temperament_n and_o in_o like_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n capacity_n and_o thinness_n equal_o encompass_v with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o the_o one_o be_v sprinkle_v with_o sal-armoniac_a the_o other_o with_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o nitre_n they_o be_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n for_o a_o thermometer_n of_o 100_o deg_n be_v when_o it_o stand_v at_o 20_o deg_n immersed_a in_o water_n set_v to_o freeze_v with_o nitre_n subside_v but_o to_o 7_o ½_o deg_n when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o like_a thermometer_n put_v in_o water_n encompass_v with_o the_o mixture_n of_o sal-armoniac_a fall_v down_o to_o 5_o deg_n and_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v skin_v over_o we_o have_v already_o say_v upon_o another_o account_n that_o not_o only_a salt_n but_o strong-water_n