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follow_v they_o will_v come_v up_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n on_o their_o first_o bed_n then_o have_v prepare_v a_o piece_n of_o good_a fresh_a ground_n by_o add_v some_o rot_a dung_n to_o it_o if_o poor_a or_o good_a fresh_a rich_a ground_n which_o be_v better_o than_o dung_n cut_v the_o tap-root_n and_o the_o side-bough_n and_o set_v they_o as_o you_o do_v other_o tree_n in_o your_o nursery_n keep_v your_o ground_n with_o dig_v and_o the_o tree_n with_o prune_v up_o every_o year_n thus_o order_v they_o till_o you_o find_v they_o fit_a to_o remove_v and_o you_o will_v then_o find_v no_o such_o hazard_n in_o the_o remove_n they_o as_o if_o
venture_v bold_o to_o the_o earth_n for_o to_o do_v as_o at_o first_o their_o parent_n do_v for_o they_o but_o of_o this_o see_v further_o in_o the_o chapter_n before_o and_o since_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o one_o particular_a fruit_n viz._n apple_n of_o the_o time_n of_o their_o keep_n before_o you_o make_v they_o into_o cider_n a_o set_a time_n i_o can_v deliver_v for_o your_o summer_n fruit_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o beat_v before_o your_o winter_n fruit_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v see_v they_o sweat_n which_o will_v be_v in_o ten_o day_n or_o a_o fortnight_n then_o to_o beat_v or_o grind_v of_o they_o as_o fast_o as_o may_v be_v keep_v your_o fruit_n several_a if_o you_o have_v enough_o to_o fill_v a_o vessel_n of_o one_o kind_n if_o not_o put_v such_o kind_n together_o as_o be_v near_o ripe_a together_o the_o cider_n will_v ferment_n more_o natural_o but_o let_v your_o winter_n fruit_n lie_v three_o week_n or_o a_o month_n before_o you_o beat_v or_o grind_v they_o the_o green_a your_o fruit_n be_v when_o gather_v let_v they_o lie_v the_o long_o before_o you_o beat_v they_o thus_o when_o you_o have_v beat_v or_o grind_v your_o apple_n let_v they_o lie_v a_o night_n or_o 24_o hour_n if_o you_o please_v before_o you_o press_v they_o it_o will_v make_v your_o cider_n have_v more_o of_o the_o sack-colour_n and_o hinder_v it_o from_o ferment_v too_o much_o and_o if_o your_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a to_o eat_v or_o mellow_a then_o put_v to_o every_o twenty_o bushel_n of_o stamping_n some_o six_o gallon_n of_o clear_a water_n put_v that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stamping_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v beat_v they_o if_o your_o fruit_n be_v soft_a and_o mellow_a you_o may_v put_v more_o if_o not_o the_o less_o this_o also_o will_v keep_v your_o cider_n from_o ferment_v too_o much_o and_o though_o your_o cider_n be_v weak_a it_o will_v be_v much_o pleasant_a therefore_o if_o your_o apple_n be_v mellow_a before_o you_o beat_v they_o there_o will_v go_v so_o much_o of_o the_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o the_o apple_n through_o the_o strainer_n or_o bag_n with_o the_o liquor_n that_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o get_v this_o lee_n separate_v from_o the_o cider_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o ferment_n for_o the_o liquor_n will_v endeavour_v to_o free_v itself_o of_o these_o little_a particle_n which_o when_o once_o separate_v from_o the_o unite_a body_n turn_v to_o a_o earthy_a substance_n and_o then_o the_o liquor_n work_v hard_o to_o free_v itself_o of_o these_o then_o useless_a and_o decay_a part_n and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o turn_v they_o out_o at_o but_o at_o the_o bung_n and_o it_o be_v contrary_a for_o these_o earthy_a part_n to_o ascend_v upward_o cause_v by_o its_o much_o ferment_v not_o only_o the_o strong_a but_o also_o the_o pleasant_a spirit_n to_o take_v their_o flight_n and_o go_v into_o the_o great_a world_n to_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v at_o another_o new_a generation_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o liquor_n both_o dead_a and_o of_o a_o four_o taste_n which_o when_o these_o high_a spirit_n be_v flee_v than_o soureness_n do_v master_n the_o taste_n in_o the_o cider_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o gross_a lees_n in_o the_o vessel_n therefore_o if_o your_o cider_n be_v make_v of_o mellow_a fruit_n let_v it_o settle_v 24_o hour_n in_o some_o fat_a or_o large_a vessel_n that_o the_o gross_a lees_n may_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n before_o you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o vessel_n and_o then_o draw_v it_o off_o leaving_z as_o much_o of_o this_o thick_a gross_a lee_n behind_o as_o you_o can_v which_o gross_a lee_n you_o may_v put_v among_o your_o press_n for_o water-syder_n and_o if_o you_o think_v the_o cider_n be_v yet_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o will_v work_v much_o then_o draw_v it_o into_o another_o tub_n by_o a_o tap_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o this_o last_o tub_n let_v it_o settle_v so_o long_o as_o you_o think_v it_o be_v near_o ready_a to_o work_v in_o your_o tub_n for_o if_o it_o work_v in_o your_o tubb_n then_o will_v you_o get_v but_o little_a of_o the_o gross_a lees_n from_o it_o you_o must_v keep_v it_o cover_v all_o the_o time_n it_o be_v in_o your_o tub_n for_o note_v the_o fine_a you_o put_v it_o up_o into_o your_o vessel_n the_o less_o it_o will_v work_v or_o ferment_n and_o the_o less_o it_o ferment_v the_o better_a will_v your_o cider_n be_v but_o if_o you_o shall_v have_v child_n the_o cider_n as_o sometime_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v in_o cold_a weather_n that_o it_o do_v not_o work_v at_o all_o when_o you_o have_v put_v it_o into_o your_o barrel_n or_o hogshead_n but_o be_v thick_a in_o such_o a_o case_n put_v to_o a_o hogshead_n a_o pint_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o alehoof_n with_o half_a the_o quantity_n of_o isinglass_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a and_o fine_a but_o if_o it_o do_v it_o not_o present_o do_v not_o despair_v for_o it_o will_v ferment_n possible_o in_o the_o spring_n or_o when_o the_o fruit_n blossom_n that_o it_o be_v make_v on_o the_o spring_n after_o it_o be_v make_v have_v observe_v these_o few_o rule_n than_o put_v it_o into_o your_o barrel_n or_o hogshead_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v do_v work_v bung_n it_o up_o there_o keep_v it_o till_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o bottle_n which_o let_v it_o be_v when_o it_o be_v fine_a for_o if_o you_o bottle_n it_o while_o it_o be_v thick_a or_o not_o well_o settle_v it_o will_v endanger_v your_o bottle_n and_o not_o be_v so_o wholesome_a but_o some_o do_v love_n to_o have_v their_o cider_n cut_v count_v it_o then_o the_o better_a this_o may_v be_v perform_v if_o your_o cider_n be_v fine_a by_o put_v a_o little_a bit_n of_o loaf-sugar_n in_o every_o bottle_n when_o you_o bottle_n it_o and_o thus_o more_o wholesome_a i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o sir_n paul_n neal_n that_o the_o often_o cider_n by_o any_o accidental_a cause_n do_v ferment_n the_o worse_a it_o be_v if_o twice_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a or_o sour_a than_o if_o it_o have_v ferment_v but_o once_o and_o if_o it_o ferment_n thrice_o it_o be_v still_o worse_o therefore_o keep_v it_o if_o you_o can_v from_o ferment_v or_o work_v too_o much_o and_o also_o too_o often_o as_o for_o the_o sort_n of_o fruit_n the_o redstrake_n and_o jennet_n moyle_n be_v the_o best_a count_v yet_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n of_o fruit_n which_o if_o the_o cider_n be_v well_o order_v will_v be_v little_o inferior_a if_o not_o better_o the_o golden_a pippin_n make_v excellent_a cider_n the_o kerton_n pippin_n the_o russet_a harvy_n kentish_n codlin_n etc._n etc._n make_v good_a or_o indeed_o any_o apple_n that_o be_v not_o a_o crab_n for_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n of_o wilding_n that_o have_v a_o fine_a winy_a liquor_n and_o the_o flesh_n of_o a_o hard_a and_o not_o of_o a_o soft_a substance_n for_o that_o fruit_n let_v it_o be_v pear_n or_o apple_n that_o have_v the_o flesh_n soft_a and_o be_v soon_o mellow_a be_v not_o good_a for_o perry_n or_o cider_n for_o such_o very_a soft_a fruit_n do_v break_v into_o so_o many_o small_a particle_n that_o they_o spoil_v your_o cider_n before_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v but_o that_o fruit_n that_o have_v its_o flesh_n hard_o that_o when_o you_o beat_v and_o press_v it_o will_v flat_o down_o like_o a_o sponge_n soon_o than_o it_o will_v separate_v into_o little_a particle_n and_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v beyond_o its_o natural_a time_n of_o be_v ripe_a will_v grow_v tough_a but_o not_o mellow_a be_v the_o only_a fruit_n for_o cider_n and_o perry_n for_o by_o sir_n paul_n leave_n it_o be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a eat_v apple_n or_o pear_n that_o make_v the_o best_a cider_n or_o perry_n but_o such_o as_o aforesaid_a no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a eat_v pear_n be_v the_o best_a bake_v and_o of_o this_o daily_a experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a much_o more_o i_o can_v say_v concern_v cider_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a volume_n write_v of_o it_o yet_o the_o several_a season_n of_o year_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o other_o accident_n that_o happen_v no_o man_n can_v advise_v you_o of_o before_o therefore_o let_v your_o reason_n teach_v you_o with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o but_o if_o you_o will_v see_v several_a man_n opinion_n of_o the_o order_n of_o cider_n see_v esquire_n evelin_n book_n join_v to_o his_o discourse_n of_o forest-tree_n to_o make_v your_o water_n cider_n take_v the_o stamping_n when_o you_o press_v they_o from_o your_o first_o cider_n and_o put_v they_o into_o tub_n and_o when_o you_o have_v a_o tub_n full_a put_v to_o these_o stamping_n half_a as_o much_o water_n as_o you_o have_v
cider_n if_o your_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o very_a ripe_a you_o may_v put_v more_o if_o the_o contrary_a less_o let_v the_o tub_n be_v cover_v and_o stand_v thus_o with_o the_o water_n and_o stamping_n together_o four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o night_n if_o it_o be_v cold_a weather_n let_v they_o stand_v a_o week_n than_o you_o may_v press_v the_o stamping_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v get_v as_o much_o as_o you_o think_v will_v fill_v a_o vessel_n put_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n and_o scum_n it_o well_o and_o when_o you_o find_v the_o scum_n begin_v not_o to_o rise_v very_o fast_o then_o take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o put_v it_o into_o tub_n or_o cooler_n to_o cool_v and_o when_o it_o be_v cold_a than_o tun_n it_o up_o and_o when_o it_o have_v do_v work_v then_o bung_a it_o up_o and_o in_o a_o month_n time_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o drink_v you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v boil_v a_o little_a ginger_n in_o it_o or_o a_o little_a clove_n juniper_n berry_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o you_o fancy_v to_o please_v the_o pallet_n or_o against_o some_o distemper_n you_o fear_v for_o small_a thing_n take_v in_o time_n may_v prevent_v danger_n very_o great_a syrup_n of_o rasburies_n give_v a_o very_a please_a taste_n in_o cider_n perry_n may_v be_v make_v and_o order_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o take_v care_v your_o pear_n be_v not_o too_o ripe_a for_o if_o they_o be_v you_o will_v be_v trouble_v to_o get_v your_o liquor_n fine_a those_o pear_n be_v best_a for_o perry_n that_o have_v a_o hard_a flesh_n and_o stony_a at_o the_o core_n the_o juice_n easy_o separate_v from_o the_o flesh_n the_o fruit_n yield_v a_o good_a plenty_n of_o juice_n the_o pear_n common_o of_o a_o harsh_a taste_n but_o those_o pear_n that_o have_v a_o soft_a flesh_n as_o many_o of_o our_o best_a eat_a pear_n have_v be_v not_o good_a for_o perry_n as_o the_o burry_n borgatmote_n green-feild_n green-chesels_a and_o several_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n we_o have_v a_o pear_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o it_o be_v at_o other_o place_n near_o watford_n it_o be_v a_o little_a harsh_a juicy_a pear_n but_o make_v excellent_a liquor_n as_o my_o honourable_a lord_n can_v testify_v and_o several_a other_o its_o only_a inconvenience_n be_v it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a fruit_n but_o the_o quantity_n it_o yield_v be_v good_a i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a pear_n never_o graft_v but_o for_o its_o excellency_n aforesaid_a the_o kind_n deserve_v to_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o curious_a i_o know_v no_o name_n it_o have_v as_o yet_o captain_n wingate_n near_o welling_n have_v a_o excellent_a pear_n for_o perry_n i_o have_v taste_v of_o the_o liquor_n and_o have_v see_v the_o fruit_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o which_o shall_v be_v a_o property_n in_o perry_n pear-tree_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n call_v by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n pritchet_n gardner_n to_o my_o lord_n of_o salisbury_n rufins_n pear_n which_o make_v excellent_a perry_n and_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o be_v inform_v by_o he_o by_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o perry_n indeed_o most_o sort_n of_o bake_v pear_n make_v good_a perry_n or_o any_o that_o be_v qualify_v as_o be_v beforesaid_a and_o that_o bear_v well_o and_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o liquor_n mind_v your_o vessel_n be_v sweet_a you_o put_v your_o cider_n or_o perry_n in_o for_o a_o little_a tang_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v spoil_v all_o a_o sack_n vessel_n be_v very_o good_a though_o discommend_v by_o some_o so_o be_v your_o white-wine_n or_o claret-wine_n cask_n or_o a_o vessel_n where_o cider_n have_v be_v before_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la here_o place_v the_o figure_n the_o content_n of_o each_o particular_a chapter_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o raise_v tree_n the_o best_a for_o forrest-tree_n be_v by_o their_o seed_n key_n or_o nut_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 1._o chap._n 2._o how_o to_o observe_v and_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o seed_n so_o as_o the_o better_a to_o raise_v they_o p._n 3._o chap._n 3._o the_o shape_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o weight_n do_v inform_v you_o how_o to_o set_v they_o p._n 5._o chap._n 4._o observation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n p._n 6._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o several_a way_n to_o raise_v forrest-tree_n or_o other_o and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o lay_v p._n 9_o chap._n 6._o of_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o p._n 12._o chap._n 7._o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o p._n 13._o chap._n 8._o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a sore_a tree_n or_o their_o seed_n p._n 14._o chap._n 9_o of_o water_n for_o tree_n and_o seed_n and_o water_v they_o p._n 20._o chap._n 10._o of_o oak_n raise_v and_o improve_n p._n 34._o chap._n 11._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o elm_n p._n 50._o chap._n 12._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o ash_n p._n 53._o chap._n 13._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o beech_n p._n 57_o chap._n 14._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o walnut_n p._n 58._o chap._n 15._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o chestnut_n p._n 63._o chap._n 16._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sarvice-tree_n p._n 64._o chap._n 17._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n p._n 65._o chap._n 18._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n p._n 67._o chap._n 19_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o maple_n p._n 72._o chap._n 20._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sycamore_n ibid._n chap._n 21._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n p._n 73._o chap._n 22._o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n p._n 75._o chap._n 23._o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n ibid._n chap._n 24._o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n p._n 77._o chap._n 25._o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o poplar_n ibid._n chap._n 26._o of_o raise_v the_o alder_a p._n 81._o chap._n 27._o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n p._n 82._o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n p._n 84._o chap._n 29._o of_o raise_v the_o yew_n holly_n box_n juniper_n bayes_n etc._n etc._n p._n 86._o chap._n 30._o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n p._n 88_o chap._n 31._o of_o plant_v forrest-tree_n to_o make_v wood_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o naked_a place_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o want_v p._n 89._o chap._n 32._o of_o plant_v young_a hedge_n and_o how_o to_o improve_v and_o keep_v old_a hedge_n p._n 95._o chap._n 33._o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a p._n 104._o chap._n 34._o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n p._n 112._o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o disease_n of_o tree_n p._n 117._o chap._n 36._o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n p._n 119._o chap._n 37._o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n p._n 126._o chap._n 38._o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n p._n 135._o chap._n 39_o of_o several_a superficial_a figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v p._n 148._o chap._n 40._o to_o divide_v a_o right_a line_n give_v according_a to_o any_o proportion_n require_v and_o how_o to_o divide_v land_n or_o wood_n with_o some_o use_n of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n p._n 151._o chap._n 41._o of_o measure_v holes_n and_o border_n that_o be_v under_o a_o pole_n broad_a by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a let_v or_o take_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o pole-square_a etc._n etc._n with_o several_a table_n of_o measure_n p._n 160._o chap._n 42._o of_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n with_o several_a table_n useful_a thereunto_o p._n 170._o chap._n 43._o of_o the_o oval_a how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v it_o with_o other_o observation_n thereon_o p._n 176._o chap._n 44._o suppose_v you_o have_v a_o plot_n to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o at_o as_o large_a as_o the_o paper_n will_v bear_v to_o know_v what_o scale_n you_o shall_v draw_v it_o by_o p._n 179._o chap._n 45._o to_o find_v what_o scale_n a_o plate_n or_o draft_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o content_a of_o the_o ground_n be_v give_v p._n 181._o chap._n 46._o the_o description_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n p._n 181._o chap._n 47._o numeration_n on_o the_o line_n or_o to_o read_v a_o sum_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 184._o chap._n 48._o addition_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 186._o chap._n 49._o substraction_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 187._o chap._n 50._o multiplication_n on_o the_o line_n of_o mumber_n p._n 188._o chap._n 51._o division_n on_o the_o line_n p._n 193._o chap._n 52._o the_o rule_n of_o three_o on_o the_o line_n p._n 194._o chap._n 53._o the_o golden_a rule_n reverse_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 196._o chap._n 54._o of_o level_v any_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v slope_n or_o battery_n etc._n etc._n p._n 198._o chap._n 55._o rule_n for_o make_v of_o cider_n p._n 200._o a_o catalogue_n of_o book_n of_o husbandry_n sell_v by_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhill_n the_o english_a gardener_n or_o a_o sure_a guide_n to_o young_a planter_n and_o gardener_n in_o three_o part_n 1._o show_v the_o way_n and_o order_n of_o plant_v and_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o stock_n fruit-tree_n and_o shrub_n with_o the_o divers_a way_n and_o manner_n of_o engraft_v and_o inoculate_v in_o their_o several_a season_n 2._o how_o to_o order_v the_o kitchen_n garden_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o herb_n root_n and_o salad_n 3._o the_o order_v the_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n how_o to_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o flower_n and_o their_o season_n with_o direction_n touch_v arbour_n and_o hedge_n in_o garden_n likewise_o several_a other_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o delight_n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n by_o leonard_n meager_n above_o thirty_o year_n practitioner_n in_o the_o art_n of_o garden_v the_o countryman_z recreation_n or_o the_o art_n of_o plant_v graft_n and_o garden_v in_o three_o book_n 1._o declare_v divers_a way_n of_o plant_v and_o graft_n 2._o treat_v of_o the_o hop-garden_n with_o instruction_n for_o make_v and_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o 3._o the_o expert_a gardener_n contain_v divers_a necessary_a and_o rare_a secret_n belong_v to_o that_o art_n with_o direction_n to_o know_v the_o time_n and_o season_n to_o sow_n and_o plant_v all_o manner_n of_o seed_n also_o how_o to_o destroy_v snail_n canker-worm_n mole_n and_o all_o other_o vermin_n which_o usual_o breed_v in_o garden_n whereunto_o also_o be_v add_v the_o art_n of_o angle_a the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n by_o the_o sieure_fw-fr le_fw-fr gendre_n curate_n of_o henonville_n where_o in_o treat_v of_o nursery_n wall_n fruit_n hedge_n of_o fruit_n tree_n dwarf-tree_n high_a stander_n etc._n etc._n write_a in_o french_a and_o translate_v faithful_o into_o english_a at_o the_o request_n of_o several_a person_n of_o honour_n a_o piece_n so_o high_o approve_v of_o in_o france_n that_o it_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n print_v there_o the_o government_n of_o cattle_n divide_v into_o three_o book_n 1._o treat_v of_o ox_n cow_n and_o calf_n and_o how_o to_o use_v bull_n and_o other_o cattle_n to_o the_o yoke_n or_o fall_v 2._o discourse_v of_o the_o government_n of_o horse_n with_o approve_a medicine_n against_o most_o disease_n 3._o of_o the_o order_n sheep_n and_o goat_n hog_n and_o dog_n with_o true_a remedy_n to_o help_v the_o infirmity_n that_o befall_v any_o of_o they_o also_o instruction_n for_o take_v mole_n and_o husband_v of_o ground_n compose_v by_o leonard_n mascal_n
of_o the_o kallendar_n before_o next_o year_n truth_n with_o experience_n through_o this_o nation_n shall_v saint_v be_v by_o a_o right_a observation_n leave_v room_n astrologer_n for_o truth_n and_o see_v you_o write_v it_o next_o year_n in_o your_o diary_n now_o those_o seed_n that_o be_v of_o taste_n mild_a skin_n or_o shell_n close_o you_o may_v keep_v they_o till_o the_o spring_n approach_n and_o long_o if_o temperate_o dry_v and_o dry_a keep_v as_o your_o acorn_n and_o your_o chestnut_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o spring_n after_o they_o be_v gather_v be_v a_o sure_a season_n to_o sow_v they_o therefore_o defer_v no_o long_o but_o as_o for_o your_o seed_n that_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a or_o bitter_a taste_n or_o have_v close_a skin_n or_o shell_n you_o may_v keep_v they_o till_o the_o autumn_n follow_v after_o they_o be_v gather_v if_o occasion_n be_v if_o they_o be_v ripe_a gather_v and_o dry_a keep_v so_o the_o fleshy_a part_n be_v clean_o take_v off_o when_o that_o be_v ripe_a though_o i_o know_v a_o ingenious_a person_n do_v hold_v that_o to_o sow_v they_o with_o their_o flesh_n on_o as_o peach_n or_o cherry_n they_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o as_o he_o say_v but_o that_o be_v his_o mistake_n for_o the_o fleshy_a part_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o almighty_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n beast_n or_o bird_n and_o tend_v nothing_o to_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n but_o rather_o to_o its_o dissolution_n by_o stupify_a it_o as_o i_o have_v try_v by_o sow_v the_o kernel_n of_o rot_a pear_n and_o apple_n which_o will_v not_o grow_v though_o but_o a_o little_a time_n rot_v there_o be_v many_o stone_n key_n and_o seed_n which_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a and_o bitter_a taste_n as_o your_o ash_n peach_n almond_n the_o mizerion_n mustardseed_n etc._n etc._n yet_o though_o i_o say_v they_o may_v be_v keep_v long_o yet_o i_o advise_v you_o not_o to_o neglect_v your_o season_n for_o many_o of_o these_o seed_n and_o other_o will_v lie_v near_o two_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o if_o you_o sow_v they_o in_o october_n it_o will_v be_v the_o spring_n come_v twelvemonth_n before_o they_o come_v up_o and_o if_o you_o sow_v they_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n they_o then_o will_v come_v up_o the_o next_o spring_n another_o way_n whereby_o you_o may_v know_v seed_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v by_o their_o long_a hang_n on_o the_o tree_n for_o there_o nature_n find_v itself_o strong_a take_v the_o less_o care_n to_o seek_v out_o early_o to_o preserve_v its_o kind_n and_o also_o almighty_a god_n have_v make_v these_o very_a useful_a for_o the_o creature_n in_o this_o world_n therefore_o have_v order_v it_o thus_o by_o his_o divine_a providence_n the_o ash_n holly_n etc._n etc._n hang_v long_o on_o the_o tree_n and_o lie_v long_o in_o the_o ground_n the_o elm_n sallow_a sycamore_n fall_v soon_o and_o come_v up_o soon_o chap._n iii_o the_o shape_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o weight_n do_v inform_v you_o how_o to_o set_v they_o the_o very_a form_n and_o shape_n of_o seeds_n have_v instruct_v i_o how_o to_o set_v they_o as_o a_o acorn_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n most_o with_o its_o small_a end_n downward_o thus_o if_o they_o fall_v upon_o mold_n or_o moss_n you_o may_v observe_v the_o most_o of_o they_o to_o be_v on_o one_o side_n with_o the_o small_a end_n tend_v most_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o posture_n be_v the_o best_a for_o to_o set_v any_o stone_n or_o nut_n if_o you_o will_v be_v curious_a for_o if_o you_o observe_v any_o seed_n of_o what_o tree_n soever_o it_o be_v that_o grow_v in_o england_n first_o it_o put_v forth_o a_o root_n at_o the_o small_a end_n and_o when_o that_o root_n have_v lay_v hold_n of_o the_o ground_n than_o it_o put_v forth_o the_o shot_n for_o the_o tree_n at_o the_o very_a same_o place_n where_o the_o root_n come_v then_o see_v that_o both_o root_n and_o shoot_v put_v out_o at_o the_o small_a end_n if_o set_v with_o the_o small_a end_n downward_o the_o body_n of_o the_o stone_n or_o seed_n may_v hinder_v the_o shoot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o lay_v they_o on_o their_o side_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o they_o be_v heavy_a seed_n you_o may_v sow_v they_o the_o deep_a as_o acorn_n peach_n apricock_n walnut_n chesnut_n etc._n etc._n about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n deep_a if_o light_a seed_n then_o cover_v they_o with_o but_o little_a mould_n as_o the_o elm_n etc._n etc._n as_o ½_o a_o inch_n deep_a to_o conclude_v then_o lay_v the_o flat_a side_n of_o your_o seed_n downward_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o peach_n stone_n set_v it_o as_o it_o will_v lie_v on_o a_o table_n or_o the_o like_a and_o it_o will_v lie_v with_o the_o crack_v where_o the_o shell_n part_v uppermost_a and_o the_o other_o crack_v lowermost_a to_o let_v out_o the_o water_n as_o i_o judge_v for_o kernel_n in_o stone_n or_o shell_n do_v not_o love_v too_o much_o water_n at_o first_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o the_o several_a way_n to_o raise_v tree_n that_o be_v how_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v and_o how_o to_o know_v the_o time_n at_o least_o to_o assist_v you_o to_o know_v the_o time_n to_o set_v they_o by_o their_o shape_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o how_o to_o set_v they_o the_o best_a way_n by_o their_o form_n and_o weight_n which_o may_v be_v some_o assist_v to_o you_o if_o you_o meet_v with_o far-countrey_n seed_n my_o lord_n have_v thirteen_o sort_n of_o strange_a seed_n send_v he_o as_o i_o remember_v from_o goa_n i_o never_o see_v the_o like_a nor_o none_o that_o see_v they_o here_o by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o aforesaid_a reason_n i_o raise_v ten_o of_o the_o thirteen_o sort_n though_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v almost_o a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n but_o i_o also_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o lose_v all_o my_o ten_o sort_n the_o first_o winter_n but_o one_o sort_n and_o that_o the_o second_o for_o want_v of_o a_o green-house_n some_o of_o they_o i_o suppose_v be_v annuel_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o chapter_n more_o of_o seed_n and_o then_o i_o will_v show_v you_o full_o what_o as_o yet_o i_o have_v but_o name_v o_o great_a jehovah_n thou_o i_o do_v adore_v thy_o work_n i_o do_v admire_v and_o thou_o implore_v so_o to_o assist_v i_o as_o that_o i_o may_v write_v with_o solomon_n wisdom_n that_o i_o may_v indite_v my_o few_o line_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v useful_a unto_o this_o land_n please_v to_o thou_o chap._n iu._n observation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n let_v your_o key_n be_v through-ripe_a or_o when_o you_o find_v they_o to_o begin_v to_o fall_v much_o which_o be_v a_o sure_a sign_n of_o any_o fruit_n or_o seed_n ripeness_n unless_o by_o accident_n gather_v they_o off_o some_o young_a straight_o thrive_a tree_n my_o reason_n of_o gather_v they_o from_o off_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v then_o will_n your_o key_n or_o seed_n be_v the_o large_a and_o solider_fw-la therefore_o by_o consequence_n they_o be_v the_o able_a and_o likely_a to_o shoot_v the_o strong_a and_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o the_o better_a and_o i_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o seed_n gather_v of_o old_a plant_n or_o tree_n or_o old_a seed_n so_o the_o seed_n be_v perfect_a will_v come_v up_o somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o seed_n of_o young_a tree_n my_o aforesaid_a reason_n do_v this_o somewhat_o demonstrate_v or_o take_v it_o thus_o nature_n find_v herself_o weak_a in_o these_o seed_n do_v like_o a_o provident_a mother_n seek_v the_o soon_o to_o provide_v for_o her_o weak_a child_n as_o a_o great_a philosopher_n and_o naturalist_n say_v that_o nature_n be_v one_o in_o divers_a thing_n and_o various_a in_o one_o thing_n see_v parad._n pag._n 90._o of_o the_o tree_n of_o life_n and_o to_o gather_v they_o off_o a_o straight_a and_o thrive_a tree_n it_o be_v likely_a they_o will_v run_v more_o up_o and_o grow_v straight_a than_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v of_o pollard_n this_o i_o know_v that_o nature_n do_v delight_n very_o much_o in_o imitation_n and_o in_o plant_n and_o tree_n like_o do_v endeavour_v to_o produce_v its_o like_a though_o i_o know_v that_o by_o the_o situation_n or_o ground_n or_o graft_v of_o some_o sort_n of_o stock_n that_o by_o any_o of_o these_o the_o tree_n may_v and_o will_v alter_v something_o both_o in_o growth_n and_o largeness_n of_o fruit_n and_o early_o or_o the_o contrary_a but_o the_o species_n will_v be_v still_o the_o same_o to_o which_o i_o add_v good_a keep_n or_o dress_v of_o any_o tree_n do_v much_o improve_v its_o growth_n and_o largeness_n of_o fruit_n or_o seed_n now_o the_o seed_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o plant_n which_o be_v endow_v
shoot_v forth_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o their_o head_n that_o be_v the_o side-bough_n to_o keep_v the_o wind_n from_o break_v they_o there_o be_v in_o these_o four_o row_n of_o tree_n 296._o and_o of_o these_o i_o lose_v not_o one_o tree_n the_o first_o year_n but_o they_o do_v grow_v and_o shoot_v so_o well_o that_o there_o be_v several_a noble_a man_n that_o see_v they_o do_v think_v as_o they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o remove_v the_o year_n before_o but_o the_o year_n after_o we_o have_v three_o spoil_v by_o some_o base_a man_n or_o boy_n of_o the_o very_a same_o parcel_n of_o tree_n my_o lord_n give_v sir_n william_n temple_n thirty_o of_o the_o best_a of_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o see_v choose_v out_o they_o be_v set_v at_o sir_n william_n house_n at_o sheen_n a_o much_o better_o nature_a ground_n than_o we_o yet_o they_o lose_v all_o but_o six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o year_n i_o see_v a_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n but_o i_o think_v they_o be_v the_o bastard-kind_n which_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n in_o england_n set_v at_o debden-hall_n the_o right_a worshipful_a sir_n richard_n brown_n house_n the_o natural_a ground_n be_v not_o bad_a for_o they_o but_o how_o they_o be_v order_v i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o they_o have_v the_o first_o year_n not_o above_o one_o in_o ten_o that_o do_v grow_v any_o thing_n considerable_o i_o see_v the_o like_a or_o worse_o spoil_v of_o the_o same_o tree_n at_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n turnor_n near_a startford_n where_o the_o ground_n may_v easy_o have_v be_v make_v very_o good_a for_o they_o i_o only_o write_v this_o to_o persuade_v noble_a man_n and_o other_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_v to_o remember_v the_o old_a say_n viz._n a_o thing_n once_o well_o do_v be_v twice_o do_v and_o those_o that_o be_v resolve_v to_o plant_n that_o they_o make_v their_o ground_n fit_a for_o those_o tree_n before_o they_o set_v they_o and_o not_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o hole_n like_o a_o dead_a dog_n as_o too_o too_o many_o do_v let_v i_o then_o beg_v that_o they_o may_v have_v good_a and_o fresh_a lodging_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o good_a attendance_n also_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o their_o enemy_n till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v with_o they_o they_o that_o will_v not_o do_v this_o let_v they_o never_o resolve_v to_o plant_v tree_n for_o why_o shall_v they_o spoil_v the_o least_o of_o those_o stately_a monument_n and_o in_o so_o do_v throw_v away_o their_o money_n for_o let_v such_o note_n that_o nature_n bestow_v not_o her_o gift_n but_o where_o she_o find_v suitable_a convenience_n therefore_o order_v your_o ground_n well_o and_o then_o you_o may_v see_v a_o good_a success_n as_o my_o lord_n have_v have_v in_o several_a of_o his_o plantation_n though_o as_o bad_a ground_n as_o most_o be_v to_o plant_v on_o one_o night_n my_o thought_n walk_v up_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n line-walks_a i_o hear_v the_o grateful_a tree_n thus_o 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there_o will_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oily_a substance_n which_o make_v the_o fume_n for_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n be_v exhale_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n let_v no_o sort_n of_o dung_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n unplowedin_fw-fr but_o plough_n or_o dig_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o by_o lie_v so_o it_o do_v not_o only_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o goodness_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o if_o it_o lie_v thin_a but_o where_o your_o dunghill_n lie_v every_o shower_n will_v wash_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v the_o dung_n off_o from_o that_o place_n as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v yet_o you_o shall_v have_v that_o place_n bear_v rank_a corn_n than_o where_o you_o think_v the_o dung_n have_v lie_v much_o thick_a if_o it_o lie_v long_o in_o a_o place_n the_o observation_n of_o this_o teach_v i_o many_o good_a uses_n as_o first_o to_o lay_v dung_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n 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the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
top-heavy_a you_o may_v safe_o cut_v off_o small_a branch_n and_o prune_v small_a tree_n at_o this_o summer-season_n and_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n as_o the_o ash_n and_o walnut_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o best_a time_n for_o they_o and_o whereas_o some_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o if_o the_o reader_n will_v be_v advise_v by_o i_o let_v he_o prune_v such_o in_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n forbear_v to_o prune_v most_o tree_n especial_o great_a bough_n or_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n or_o tender_a for_o then_o the_o wound_n lie_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n and_o wet_a and_o frost_n come_v upon_o the_o wet_a and_o pierce_v so_o far_o into_o the_o wound_a place_n as_o the_o wet_a have_v go_v kill_v the_o wood_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n in_o that_o place_n and_o that_o hole_n hold_v water_n many_o time_n kill_v many_o a_o good_a tree_n especial_o where_o great_a bough_n be_v take_v off_o for_o they_o be_v long_o a_o cover_n over_o and_o never_o will_v be_v cover_v if_o the_o tree_n be_v old_a therefore_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v old_a forbear_v to_o cut_v off_o great_a bough_n but_o if_o for_o some_o reason_n you_o be_v force_v to_o do_v it_o then_o cut_v off_o such_o bough_n two_o foot_n or_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n of_o your_o timber-tree_n and_o let_v the_o place_n where_o you_o cut_v off_o such_o a_o limb_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n rather_o incline_v to_o the_o nadir_n than_o the_o zenith_n by_o so_o do_v the_o water_n will_v not_o lie_v on_o such_o a_o place_n and_o then_o the_o tree_n will_v receive_v no_o harm_n but_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a then_o cut_v off_o the_o bough_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v keep_v the_o wound_a place_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o leave_v elbow_n to_o receive_v the_o wet_a as_o too_o many_o of_o our_o husbandman_n do_v for_o the_o close_a you_o cut_v off_o a_o bough_n 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height_n and_o have_v so_o distribute_v the_o sap_n that_o they_o be_v little_a worth_n but_o for_o the_o fire_n when_o if_o they_o have_v be_v prune_v up_o as_o be_v before_o direct_v you_o may_v have_v have_v the_o same_o height_n of_o good_a timber_n which_o how_o much_o more_o profitable_a it_o will_v be_v and_o also_o beautiful_a i_o leave_v to_o any_o man_n judgement_n the_o ash_n and_o beech_n cover_v the_o wound_a place_n over_o soon_o and_o seldom_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n the_o elm_n very_o frequent_o break_v out_o side-bough_n yet_o will_v arrive_v to_o a_o great_a height_n of_o good_a timber_n the_o oak_n be_v a_o little_a subject_n to_o break_v out_o side-bough_n and_o though_o a_o slow_a grower_n yet_o by_o its_o own_o hardness_n of_o his_o wood_n he_o preserve_v himself_o well_o till_o it_o have_v overgrow_v the_o wound_a place_n which_o it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n do_v if_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a and_o the_o bough_n not_o very_o great_a for_o if_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a that_o place_n when_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o be_v such_o a_o dam_n to_o the_o sap_n that_o it_o force_v it_o to_o break_v out_o with_o many_o small_a bough_n there_o especial_o in_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o thick_a and_o rugged_a bark_n as_o the_o elm_n and_o oak_n have_v when_o old_a but_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a then_o be_v the_o bark_n thin_a and_o loose_a and_o will_v more_o ready_o give_v way_n to_o the_o sap_n to_o ascend_v into_o the_o head_n and_o not_o break_v out_o into_o side-bough_n but_o if_o some_o few_o do_v break_v out_o often_o prune_v they_o close_o off_o will_v prevent_v that_o but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v at_o a_o little_a more_o trouble_n note_v this_o which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v true_a and_o your_o timber_n shall_v pay_v you_o well_o for_o your_o pain_n at_o midsummer_n after_o you_o have_v prune_v up_o your_o tree_n take_v off_o all_o the_o small_a shoot_n that_o be_v break_v out_o on_o the_o side_n of_o your_o tree_n close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v thus_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o and_o you_o will_v find_v every_o year_n the_o side-bough_n to_o be_v few_o and_o few_o till_o you_o have_v a_o clear_a body_n beautiful_a to_o behold_v and_o profitable_a for_o as_o good_a timber_n thirty_o or_o forty_o foot_n or_o more_o which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v be_v a_o quarter_n so_o high_a thus_o may_v you_o make_v a_o elm_n which_o be_v a_o tree_n most_o subject_a to_o break_v out_o side-bough_n as_o clear_v from_o bough_n forty_o or_o fifty_o foot_n high_a as_o they_o be_v your_o oak_n that_o be_v young_a you_o may_v easy_o master_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o clear_a body_n though_o it_o be_v some_o what_o troublesome_a in_o wood_n yet_o in_o hedgrowes_a it_o may_v be_v practise_v with_o ease_n or_o in_o walk_n or_o on_o single_a oak_n but_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n be_v too_o much_o subject_n to_o spoil_v such_o tree_n as_o will_v make_v our_o best_a oak_n by_o head_v they_o and_o make_v they_o pollard_n i_o wish_v there_o be_v as_o strict_a a_o law_n as_o can_v be_v make_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o do_v presume_v to_o head_n a_o oak_n the_o king_n of_o wood_n though_o it_o be_v on_o their_o own_o land_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o farmer_n that_o be_v scant_v in_o wood_n by_o often_o prune_v off_o the_o side-bough_n make_v many_o fine_a tree_n than_o now_o there_o be_v for_o in_o such_o place_n there_o be_v great_a food_n to_o make_v he_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o then_o in_o coppice_n if_o you_o let_v a_o tree_n stand_v to_o be_v very_o great_a it_o spoil_v many_o a_o young_a one_o and_o also_o your_o under-wood_n but_o methinks_v i_o hear_v some_o oppose_v i_o say_v that_o by_o so_o prune_v up_o of_o tree_n they_o do_v not_o prove_v so_o well_o for_o the_o joiner_n carpenter_n wheeler_n etc._n etc._n for_o they_o say_v if_o the_o tree_n do_v overgrow_v the_o knot_n when_o they_o come_v to_o cleave_v such_o a_o tree_n that_o place_n prove_v faulty_a within_o and_o the_o timber_n be_v not_o so_o good_a second_o they_o say_v that_o cut_v off_o the_o side-bough_n make_v tree_n more_o knotty_a three_o they_o say_v that_o it_o make_v a_o tree_n decay_v soon_o to_o these_o three_o objection_n i_o shall_v answer_v and_o then_o hasten_v to_o conclude_v and_o so_o leave_v my_o belove_a oak_n i_o do_v grant_v that_o if_o the_o knot_n be_v great_a though_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a and_o have_v cover_v the_o place_n over_o well_o if_o you_o come_v to_o see_v out_o such_o tree_n for_o plank_n board_n or_o wainscot_n that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o defect_n there_o where_o great_a bough_n be_v cut_v off_o but_o suppose_v there_o be_v you_o have_v still_o the_o same_o length_n clear_a timber_n at_o the_o low_a end_n as_o you_o will_v have_v have_v if_o these_o bough_n have_v not_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o then_o by_o prune_v up_o your_o tree_n they_o grow_v straight_a and_o your_o tree_n carry_v a_o great_a length_n of_o timber_n useful_a for_o beam_n summer_n raise_v wallplat_n rafter_n joyce_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o much_o timber_n these_o spend_v more_o than_o the_o other_o viz._n board_n and_o wainscot_n etc._n etc._n i_o leave_v you_o to_o determine_v but_o my_o advice_n be_v not_o to_o let_v your_o bough_n be_v great_a but_o take_v they_o off_o from_o such_o tree_n while_o young_a and_o then_o the_o bough_n will_v be_v young_a and_o small_a and_o such_o tree_n will_v cover_v such_o place_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o these_o small_a knot_n will_v not_o
the_o root_n begin_v to_o rot_v they_o then_o come_v up_o best_o than_o stock_n they_o all_o up_o the_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o they_o will_v pay_v you_o well_o for_o your_o charge_n they_o will_v cost_v you_o about_o 6_o s._n a_o stack_n and_o here_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a 12_o s._n or_o more_o when_o stock_v up_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n cut_v they_o smooth_a and_o close_a to_o the_o stub_n and_o a_o little_a slant_v upward_o as_o i_o advise_v you_o about_o lop_n pollard_n the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n coppice_n or_o hedge_n the_o thick_a they_o will_v grow_v for_o every_o fell_n give_v way_n to_o the_o young_a seedling_n to_o get_v up_o and_o make_v the_o weak_a plant_n shoot_v strong_a those_o wood_n which_o increase_v by_o run_a root_n as_o elm_n cherry_n poplar_n maple_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n which_o thicken_v your_o wood_n much_o and_o felling_n make_v the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o swell_v as_o lop_n do_v the_o body_n and_o so_o it_o produce_v the_o great_a shoot_n and_o come_v soon_o to_o perfection_n whereas_o great_a wood_n and_o old_a and_o ill_o take_v off_o from_o the_o stub_n many_o time_n kill_v all_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n leave_v young_a tree_n enough_o you_o may_v take_v down_o the_o worst_a that_o stand_v next_o fall_n especial_o near_o a_o great_a tree_n that_o you_o judge_v may_v go_v down_o next_o fall_n for_o by_o its_o fall_n it_o may_v spoil_v some_o the_o statute_n say_v you_o be_v to_o leave_v twelve_o score_n oak_n at_o every_o fall_n on_o a_o acre_n for_o want_v of_o they_o so_o many_o elm_n ash_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o thinness_n of_o your_o wood_n and_o where_o underwood_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v the_o thin_a and_o in_o such_o country_n where_o coal_n be_v cheap_a and_o timber_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o will_v need_v but_o little_a prune_n up_o endeavour_v to_o plant_v in_o your_o wood_n such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o if_o wet_a then_o alder_a sallow_a willow_n withy_o etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o dry_a ash_n cherry_n beech_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o wet_a hornbeam_n sallow_a sarvice_n etc._n etc._n but_o remember_v that_o the_o oak_n and_o elm_n be_v entertain_v in_o all_o place_n if_o your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n be_v in_o park_n where_o you_o lie_v open_a to_o deer_n then_o at_o every_o fall_v plant_v in_o they_o such_o wood_n who_o bark_n the_o deer_n do_v not_o much_o love_n such_o be_v the_o hornbeam_n hasel_n sycamore_n etc._n etc._n when_o tree_n be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n there_o be_v several_a sign_n of_o their_o decay_n which_o give_v you_o warning_n to_o fell_v it_o before_o it_o be_v quite_o decay_v as_o in_o a_o oak_n when_o the_o top-bough_n begin_v to_o die_v than_o it_o begin_v to_o decay_v in_o a_o elm_n or_o ash_n if_o their_o head_n die_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o take_v wet_a at_o any_o great_a knot_n which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v discolour_a below_o that_o place_n before_o it_o grow_v hollow_a or_o if_o hollow_a you_o may_v know_v by_o knock_v it_o with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n of_o which_o you_o may_v be_v the_o sure_a satisfy_v by_o bore_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o with_o a_o small_a auger_n or_o if_o you_o see_v the_o nighill_n make_v hole_n in_o it_o these_o be_v certain_a sign_n the_o tree_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o before_o it_o decay_v much_o down_o with_o it_o and_o hinder_v not_o yourself_o chap._n xxxvii_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n have_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o timber_n whether_o it_o be_v sound_a or_o not_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o know_v the_o worth_n of_o it_o for_o where_o you_o have_v a_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o you_o may_v then_o the_o better_a guess_n there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o building_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a as_o by_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n or_o two_o stick_v join_v in_o a_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v square_a as_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n have_v at_o a._n a_o pin_n or_o hole_n to_o hang_v a_o thread_n and_o plummet_n on_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o x_o in_n first_o then_o hold_v that_o end_n of_o your_o square_n mark_v with_o c._n to_o your_o eye_n then_o go_v backward_o or_o forward_o till_o the_o thread_n and_o plummet_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o square_n perpendicular_a and_o your_o eye_n look_v through_o two_o sight_n or_o two_o pin_n at_o a._n and_o c._n or_o over_o the_o end_n of_o the_o square_n thus_o look_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o building_n at_o x._o see_v fig._n 8_o 9_o which_o find_v with_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n from_o your_o eye_n at_o c_o let_v fall_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o d_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o line_n and_o add_v it_o to_o the_o height_n that_o length_n to_o e_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o e._n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n as_o at_o y_o and_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v level_a be_v the_o height_n of_o of_o x._o y._n or_o take_v the_o level_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o height_n and_o add_v that_o which_o be_v below_o the_o level_n to_o the_o height_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o line_n c._n f._n show_v to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o straight_a staff_n or_o by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n the_o sun_n shine_v the_o altitude_n perpendicular_a and_o the_o ground_n level_n if_o not_o you_o must_v make_v the_o end_n of_o both_o the_o shadow_n level_v to_o each_o foot_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v as_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o level_n of_o b._n at_o c._n find_v the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o end_n there_o i_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o c._n to_o b._n and_o find_v it_o 60_o foot_n then_o at_o that_o very_a instant_n i_o set_v up_o a_o stick_n perpendicular_a as_o e._n d._n 12_o foot_n long_o which_o i_o find_v to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n just_a 9_o foot_n and_o then_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 9_o foot_n to_o 12_o so_o 60_o foot_n to_o 80_o which_o you_o will_v find_v true_a if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o logarithme_n or_o by_o rule_n and_o compass_n thus_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 9_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 80_o or_o if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o natural_a arithmetic_n as_o 9_o be_v to_o 12_o so_o 60_o to_o 80._o see_v fig._n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o line_n and_o plummet_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n or_o height_n by_o a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o by_o a_o lookingglass_n place_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n place_v on_o the_o ground_n a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o a_o looking-glass_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o building_n or_o tree_n as_o far_o as_o you_o think_v the_o height_n be_v then_o go_v back_o till_o you_o espy_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o do_v keep_v your_o stand_n and_o let_v a_o plum-line_n fall_v from_o your_o eye_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o ground_n which_o give_v the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n 2._o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o your_o plummet_n to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o distance_n if_o you_o have_v measure_v exact_o straight_o and_o level_a by_o proportion_n you_o may_v find_v the_o altitude_n require_v thus_o as_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o plummet_n level_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n be_v to_o the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o your_o plum-line_n so_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o base_a or_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n exact_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o height_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n to_o the_o altitude_n for_o if_o your_o object_n be_v not_o upright_o and_o you_o measure_v straight_o and_o level_a and_o just_a under_o the_o top_n that_o give_v the_o shadow_n if_o you_o miss_v in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o take_v the_o height_n