Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	let_v	put_v	strain_v	4,592	5	10.4585	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09192	The art of dravving vvith the pen, and limming in water colours more exactlie then heretofore taught and enlarged with the true manner of painting vpon glasse, the order of making your furnace, annealing, &c. Published, for the behoofe of all young gentlemen, or any els that are desirous for to become practicioners in this excellent, and most ingenious art, by H. Pecham., gent.	Peacham, Henry, 1576?-1643?	1606 (1606)	STC 19500; ESTC S106084	36,660	77

get in this maÌ„ner find out first an O ake or house that hath a great branch of Iuie climing vp by it and with an axe cut it asunder in the midst and then with your axe head bruise both the ends let it stand a month or there abouts at what time you shall take from it a pure fine gum like an oyle which issueth out of the ends take it off handsomly with a knife or spoon and keep it in a viall it is good to put into your gold size and other colors for threee respects first it alaies the smell osthe size secondly it taketh awaie the bubbles that arise vpon your gold size and other colors lastly it taketh awaie the clammines and fatnes from your other colors there is moreouer great vse of it in the confection of pommander 3. Gumme lake Gumme lake is made with the glaire of egges strained often and very short about March or April to which aboute the quantity of a pinte you muste put two spoonful of honey and as much of Gumma Hederae as a hasell nut and foure good spoonefuls of the strongest woort you can come by then straine theÌ„ again with a spoong or peece of wool so fine as you can so long til that you see them runne like a fine and cleare oyle keepe it then in a cleane glasse it wil grow hard but you maie resolue it again with a little cleane water as you doe gumme Arabeck it is moreouer an excellent vernish for any picture 4 Gumme Armoniack Take Gumme Armoniack and grind it with the iuice of Garlicke so fine as maye bee to which put 2. or three drops of weake Gumme Arabeck water and temper it so that it bee not too thick but that it may runne well out of your penne and write therewith what you wil and let it drie and when you meane to guild vpon it cut your gold or siluer according to the bignes of the size you haue laid and then set it with a peece of wool in this manner firste breath vpon the size and then laye on your gold vpon it gently taken vp which presse downe hard with your peece of wool and then let it well drie being dried with a fine linnen cloath strike off finely the loose gold then shal you find al that you drew very faire gold and as clean as you haue drawn it though it were as small as any heare it is called gold Armoniack and is taken many times for liquid gold Of guilding or the ordering of gold and siluer in water colors CHAP. 3. YOu maie guild onely with gumme water as I wil shew you make your water good and stiffe and laye it on with your pencil where you woulde guild then take a cushion that hath smooth leather and turn the bottom vpward vpon that cut your gold with a sharp knife in what quantity you will to take it vp draw the edge of your knife finely vpon your tongue that it may be onely wet with which doe but toutch the very edge of your gold it will come vp and you may lay it as you list but before you lay it on let you gumme bee almost drie otherwise it will drowne your gold and being laid presse it downe harde with the skut of an hare afterward burnish it with a dogges tooth or bores tush I call burnisht gold that maÌ„ner of guilding which wee ordinarily see in old parchment Masse books done by monks and priests who were very expert heerin as also in laying of colors that in bookes of an hundred or two hundred yeares old you may see the colors as beautifull and as fresh as if they were done but yesterday it lieth commonly Embossed that you maie feele it by reason of the thicknes of the ground or size which size is made in this maÌ„ner Take 3 partes of Bole Armoniack and 4 of fine chalke grind them together as smal as you can with cleane water 3 or 4 times and euery time let it drie see it be clean without grauil or grit then let it be throwghly Drie then take the glaire of egges and straine it as short as water grind then your bole and chalk therwith in the grinding put to a little gum Haederae a little ear wax to the quaÌ„titie of a fitch 5 or 6 chiues of saffroÌ„ which grind to gether as small as you can possible then put it into an ox horn couered close let it rot in hot horse dung or in the earth for the space of 5 or 6 weekes then take it vp and laie it in the aire for it will haue an ill sauor vse it at your pleasure To set gold or siluer TAKE a peece of your GuÌ„me and resolue it into a stiffe water then grind a shiue of saffron there with and you shal haue a fair gold when you haue set it and you see that it is throroughly drie rub or burnish it with a dogs toothe To make liquid gold or siluer TAke 5 or 6 leaues of gold or siluer and laie it vp on a cleane Porphiry marble stone or pane of glasse and grind it with strong water of gumme Lake and a pretty quantity of greate salte as small as you can and then put it into a cleane vessel or viall that is well glazed and put thereto as much faire water as will fill the glasse or vessell to the end it may dissolue the stiffe water you ground with it that the gold may haue room to go to the bottom let it stand so three or foure houres then powre out that water and put in more vntill you see the gold clean washed after that take clean water which put therto with a little Sal Armoniack great salt so let it stand three or foure daies in some close place theÌ„ must you distil it in this maÌ„ner take a peece of glouers leather that is very thin pick away the skinny side and put your gold therein binding it close theÌ„ haÌ„ging it vp the Sal Armoniack will fret away and the gold remain behind which take and when you will vse it haue a little glaire water in a shell by you wherin dip your pensill taking vp no more gold then you shall vse Of all sorts of Reds and their Tempering CHAP. IIII. Of Vermilion YOur fairest and most principall Red is Vermilion called in Latine Minium it is a poison and found where great store of quicksiluer is you must grind it with the glayre of an egge and in the grinding put too a little clarified hony to make his colour brighte and perfect Sinaper Lake Sinaper in Latine called Cinnabaris or Synopis of the City Synope in Pontus where it was first inuented maketh a deepe and beautifull red or rather purple almost like vnto a red Rose the best was woont to be made as Dioscorides saith in Libia of Brimstone and quicksiluer burnt a long time to a small quantity and not of the blood of the

Elephant and Dragon as Plinie supposed you shall grind it with Gum Lake and Turnsoile water if you will haue it light put to a little Ceruse and it will make a bright crimson if to diaper put to only Turnsoile water Synaper Top's Grinde your Tops after the same manner you doe your lake they are both of one nature Red Lead Red lead in Latine is called Syricum it was woont to be made of Ceruse burnt which grinde with a quantity of Saffron and stiffe gumme lake for your saffron will make it orient and of a Marigolde colour Turnesoile Turnsoile is made of old linnen ragges died you shall vse it after this manner lay it in a saucer of vineger and set it ouer a chafing dish of coales and let it boyle then take it of and wring it into a shell and put vnto it a little gum Arabeck letting it stand 3 or 4 howrs till it be dissolued it is good to shadow carnations and all yeallowes Roset You shall grind your Roset with Brasill water and it will make you a deepe and a faire purple if you put Ceruse to it it maketh a lighter if you grinde it with Litmose it maketh a faire violet Browne of Spaine Grind your Browne of Spaine with Brasill water and if you mingle it with Ceruse it maketh an horse flesh colour Bole Armoniack Bole Armoniack is but a faint colour the chiefest vse of it is as I haue said in making a size for burnisht gold Of Greenes and their tempering CHAP. V. Greene Bice TAke green Bice and order it as you do your blew bice and in the selfe same manner when it is moiste and not thorough drie you may diaper vpon it with the water of deepe greene Vert-greace Vertgreace is nothing els but the rust of brasse which in time being consumed and eaten with Tallow turneth into greene as you may see many times vpon fowle candlestickes that haue not beene often made cleane wherfore it hath the name in latine Aerugo in French Vert de gris or the hoary greene to teÌ„per it as you ought you must grind it with the iuice of Rue and a little weak gum water you shall haue the purest greene that is if you will diaper with it grind it with the lie of Rue that is the water wherin you haue sod your Rue or Herbgrace and you shall haue an hoary greene you shall diaper or Damaske vpon your vertgreace green with the water of sapgreene Verditure Take your verditure and grind it with a weak gum Arabeck water it is the faintest and palest green that is but it is good to veluet vpon black in any manner of drapery Sappe greene Take Sapp greene and laie it in sharpe vineger all night put to it a little Alom to raise his colour and you shall haue a good green to diaper vpon all other greenes Of Whites and their tempering Venice Ceruse Your principall white is Ceruse called in Latine Cerussa by the Italian Biacea Vitruuius teacheth the making of it which is in this manner The Rhodians saith he vse to take the parings of vines or any other chips and lay them in the bottoms of pipes or hogsheads vpon which they powr great store of vinegar and then laie aboue many sheets of lead and so still one aboue another by rankes till the hogsheads are full then stoppe they vp againe the hogsheads close that no ayr may enter which againe after a certayne time being opened they find betweene the lead and chips great store of Ceruse it hath beene much vsed as it is also now adaies by women in painting their faces at whome Martial in his merry vaine skoffeth saying Cerussata timet Sabella Solem. Actius saith it beeing throughly burnt it turneth into a faire Red which he calleth Syricum grinde it with the glair of egs that hath lien rotting a month or two vnder the ground and it will make a most perfect white White Lead White Lead is in a manner the same that Ceruse is saue that the Ceruse is refined made more pure you shall grinde it with a weake water of gum Lake and let it stand 3 or 4 daies Roset and Vermilion maketh it a fair Carnation Spanish white There is an other white called Spanish white which you may make your selfe in this manner take fine chalk and grind it with the third part of Alome in faire water till it be thick like pap then roule it vp into balls letting it lie til it be dry when it is drie put it into the fire and let it remayne till it bee red whot like a burning coale and then take it out and let it coole it is the best white of al others to lace or garnish beeing ground with a weake Gumme water of all manner of blewes and their ordering CHAP. 7. Blew Bice TAke fine Bice and grind it vpon a clean stone first with cleane water as smal as you can then put it into an horn and wash it on this manner put vnto it as much faire water as will fill vp your horne and stirre it well then let it stand the space of an houre all the bice shall fall to the bottome and the corruption will fleet aboue the water then powre away the corrupt water and put in more cleane water and so vse it foure or fiue times at the last powr awaie all the water put in clean water of gum Arabeck not to stiffe but soÌ„what weak that the bice may fall to the bottoÌ„ theÌ„ powre away the Gum water clean froÌ„ the bice put to another clean water and so wash it vp and if you would haue it rise of the same color it is of when it is drie temper it with a weake gum water which also will cause it to rise and swell in the driing if a most perfect blew and of the same color it is being wet temper it with a stiffe water of gumme lake if you would haue it light grind it with a little ceruse or the muting of an hawk that is white if you will haue it a most deepe blew put thereto the water of litmose Litmose blew Take fine litmose and grind it with ceruse and if you put to ouermuch Litmos it maketh a deep blew if ouermuch ceruse and lesse litmos it maketh a light blew you must grind it with weake water of gumme Arabeck Indebaudias Take Indebaudias and grind it with the water of Litmose if you will haue it deepe but if lighte grind it with fine ceruse and with a weake water of gumme Arabeck you shall also grind your English Indebaudias after the same manner which is not fully so good a cullour as your indebaudias isyou must Diaper lighte and deepe vpon it with a good litmose water Florey blew Take Florey blew and grinde it with a little fine Roset and it will make a deep violet and by putting in a quantity of Ceruse it wil make a light

violet with 2 parts of Ceruse and one of red lead it maketh a perfect Crane colour Korck or Orchal Take fine Orchal and grinde it with vnsleckt lime and vrine it maketh a pure violet by putting to more or lesse lime you may make your violet light or deep as you will To make a blew water to Diaper vpon all other blews Take fine Litmus and cut it in peeces when you haue done lay it in weak water of Gum Lake and let it ly 24 howrs therein and you shall haue a water of a most perfect azure with which water you may diaper and damaske vpon all other blews and sanguines to make them shew more fayr and beautifull if it begin to dry in your shell moisten it with a little more water and it will be as good as at the first OfYealowes and their mingling CHAP. VIII Orpiment ORpiment called in Latine Arsenicum or Auripigmentum because being broken it resembleth Gold for shining and colour is best ground with a stiffe water of Gumm Lake and with nothing els because it is the best colour of it selfe it will ly vpon no greene for all greenes white lead Red lead and Ceruse staine it wherfore you must deepen your colours so that the Orpiment may be the highest in which manner it may agree with all colours it is said that Caius a certayne couetous Prince caused greate store of it to be burned and tried for golde of which he found some and that very good but so small a quantity that it woulde not quite the coste in refining Masticot or General Grind your Masticot with a small quantity of Saffron in Gum water and neuer make it lighter then it is it will endure and ly vpon all colours and mettals Pinke yealow You must grind your Pinke if you will haue it sad coloured with saffron if light with Ceruse temper it with weake gum water and so vse it Oker de Luke Take fine Oker de Luke or Luce and grind it with a pure brasil water it maketh a passing hayr-colour and is a naturall shadow for gold Vmber Vmber is a more sad colour you may grind it with Gumme water or Gumme Lake and lighten it at your pleasure with a little Ceruse and a chiue of saffron Of blacks and their ordering CHAP. 9. Harts horne THe best black to make your Sattens and veluets in water colours is the Harts horne burnt to a coale you may buy it at euery Apothecaries for it hath many vses in medicines buy the blackest and if there be as commonly there is any white or ouerburnt peeces it it pick them out cleane for they wil infect the rest for a shift you may burne an old combe fanne handle or knife haft or any thing els that is iuory they wil make a very good black in water but in oyle the best of all others or you may burne a manchet to a coale which wil serue for a need Ordinary lamp black Take a torch ora link and hold it vnder the bottom of a latten basen and as it groweth to bee furd and black within strike it with a feather into some shell or other and grind it with gumme water To work with mettals Tinglas Grind Tinglas with weak gumme water as smal as you can and when it is drie and you haue wroughte it burnish it with a Dogs tooth and it will bee like Mettal Antemonie Grind your Antemony as your Tinglasse and burnish it in the same manner Eler-glasse Grind your Elerglas with stiffe water of Gumme Arabeck for it is so brittle that otherwise it will not abide and order it as you doe your other Mettals it will agree with all colours sauing Orpiment Of making inkes of sundry colours Greene inke Take vertgrease and grind it with the iuice of a rotten apple with a little saffron when you haue done put it into a clean Horn and let it stand a good while vntill the best fleet aboue which take and put into a shell vntill you haue occasion to vse it The best red inke Grind vermilion with the glaire of an egge or stiffe gumme Arabeck water putting hereto a little saffron and so write with it out of a shell if it be drie you may soften it by adding a little more water yealow inke Take saffron rust or the seedes and grind it on your painters stone halfe an hower with the yolke of an egge if you wil haue it a light yealow adde therto a little Ceruse Blew Inke Take Indico and grind it with gumme water and put thereto blanck-bloome as much as will quicken and perfect his cullor White Inke Grind ceruse on a stone with Gumme water and you haue done Sanguine Inke Take turne soyl and steepe it in gumme water and after a while wring it into a shel and so write with it To keepe inkes from freezing Put into any of them Camphire about the quantitie of a fitch and stirre it well about To make a golden water Take greene vitriol Sal Gemma and Sal Armoniack and put them together so that their bee the quantitie of an ownce and seeth them in a quart of white wine vntill it be halfe wasted awaie and when it is coole worke withall To make an excellent greene water Take red vineger and the Vrine of a Ramme the filing of brasse and an ownce of vert-greace with the gall of a Bul boile them together the space of going halfe a mile and then put thereto a prety quantity of Alome let it stand 7. or 8. daies and so worke with it Thus briefly haue I taught you your colors and the manner of ordering or tempering the same for the mixtnre of some one cullor of many as a bay or Sorrell in a horse you must haue some time to doe it by your owne discretion and obseruation for it wold bee too tedious a peece of worke to giue directions all when as a man may of one color alone make aboue a thousand species or kindes wherefore when you come to a compounded color like the aforesaid which you can very hardly make mingle those colors which you know come neerest vnto it confer and laie them to the life adding or taking awaie as you see cause The manner of Annealing and painting vpon glasse CHAP. I. AS there haue been of late years many artes inuented and others that in a manner laie rude and vnregarded through the industry of our times growne to ful perfection So I make no question on the other side but diuers by our Idlenes negligence are vtterly lost and forgotten that I may alledge one in stead of the rest I would know what Lapidarie or any els could shew mee the art of casting that marble where of wee see many fayre and beautifull pillars in Westminster Lincolne Peterborough c and in many places whole pauements as in Saint Albanes Abbey Gormanchester surely I think not any And what hath been in greater request then good workmanship in glasse when

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