contused wounds made by Gunshot and yet Over drying medicines dangerous you are to consider that as too much gleeting weeping or experience of humidity from wounds of gunshot is dangerous many wayes so too much use of drying medicaments in wounds made with Gunshot is no lesse dangerous by stopping the pores and repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contused blood collected being choaked in the wound aptly indangering a Gangrena and other deadly accidents incident thereunto Advise touching the general regiment of wounded men Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician how the young Surgion may in part demean himselfe being put to it for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gunshot which are very much regulated by the government of the Patient touching his dyet as also in the careful keeping his body in temper from much Dyet costivenesse and also to stay in ordinate fluxes thereby to prevent accidents as Feavers c. And further also to meet with an help to cure evill accidents when they happen to the effecting whereof good dyet and other fitting helps are to be wished might attend valiant men which fight for their countries honour and defence which failing much with brave Souldiers and valiant Sea-men at Campe and Ship there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeons chest affordeth viz. If the patient before his wound had not a loose body let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glyster and if he seem disposed to a fever though he hath bled by his wound yet if his strength be answerable open a veine on the contrary side of Supposiâ—ory or Glyster his griefe but purge him not being wounded without very just cause rather keepe him by gentle meanes to have the benefit of nature either by Glyster or Suppository if once in two dayes hee have not a stoole and further if he be distempered with heat make him a Fresh water oft wanting at Sea Barly-water viz. Water two gallons Barly 6. ounces Liquorish one ounce or juice of Liquorish two dram's boyl it gently a little then cast away the first waters if water be plentiful else not and boyl it in fresh water till one third part be spent and being boyled and clarified to the said decoction add some few drops of oyl Vitriol to make it some what sower in tast but not too much but if to this 6. graines of Confectio Alkermes with one spoonful of Rose-water were added the drinke would be much the more grateful in tast and more profitable I conceive it will be needlesse to urge a course for a sparing dyet for Souldiers or Sea-men at Sea for I feare gluttony will not be their sinne But if fulnesse of body be a hindrance the Surgeon hath meanes to evacuate as for a vomit by Stibium the infusion of 4 graines if such a medicine be thought fitting as in able bodyes may be borne or by laxatives as Confectio Hamech six drams for a dose Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce Pills The Pills in the Invoyce in this Surgeons chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any sort of them Also of Pulvis Sanctus may be giuen two drams or Pulvis Arthritiâ—ns one dram and if Cordials be required the Surgeon hath in his chest to provoke rest iu Feavers several ones as more particular there is Diascordium which he may give to the ful of two drams for a dose to a strong body either in wine or water as he please or in a Bolus or lump of it self Vse of Laudanum Also he hath Laudanum which he may give safely 3. or 4. graines to asswage pain in painful wounds to give rest in Feavers to stay fluxes and in divers other cases being used with judgment and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive Likewise in fluxes of the belly accompanied with crude nauseousnesse of the stomach as also against venemous or pestilential infection of the blood there is in the chest Phylonium Persicum of which the Patient may take from one scruple to halfe a dram and to one dram safely in a reasonable body and this is a safe medicine which causeth rest and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly and doth also correct venemous and maligne humors and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestilential after some fitting evacuation if occasion be What I here write it is of mine owne practice you may take it on my word for truth for you shall find it to be so if with due caution you make use of them These three Cordials as is said asswage pain viz. Diascordium Laudanum and Phylonium or either of them also they serve well to coole or contemperate the blood Cordials to swage pain Of Cordials in general The Surgeons chest containeth also divers other Cordial medicines which may be profitably administred each upon due occasion viz. Confectio Alkermes either given alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. graines to a scruple for a dose Aqua Caelestis and Cinamon water to refresh the spirits halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose and so of Spirit of wine and also Aqua vitae made of wine which so much as containeth of the spirit of wine is quasi spiritus vitae Also the Surgeons chest hath against contagion and the Plague Mithridate Ther. Londinens Diatessar Elect. de Ovo as also Diascord Aurum vitae and Laudanum mentioned all these being proper for pestilential occasions the uses and vertues of which I desire to touch though but in a word And for example if the Surgeon desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest it is made either of Lâ—udanum to three graines or to 4 grains as it is said or Diascordium 2 drams or Phylonium to one dram mentioned And note that Laudanum is best to be taken in a Pill because Noâ—e of his ungrateful tast and Phylonium in a Bolus or lump for the like reason and so also may Diascod be used well and especially in warre where neither the advice of the learned Physitian nor the helpe of the expert Apothecary is at hand but if the Surgeon be occasioned and that he would have Diascor to be given in a potion then let him take of Diascor 1 dram of white wine or fair water 3 ounces or foure of Sirrup of Violets halfe an ounce Confect Alkermes eight graines Oleum Vitrioli gutt quatuor and let the Patient drinke that potion and incline himselfe to rest Cordials comfortive And if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required then the aforesaid Cinamon water Aqua caelestis or Aqua vitae of wine is at hand without mixture or addition or with some addition halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose
at the cost The Recâ—iâ— of it TAke the roots of China cut into small slices â„¥ 3. infuse them 12 hours at the least in five quarts of fair water adding of Burrage and Buglosse of each half a handful of Cloves in number three with a like weight of Cynamon and Mace boyl these gently till one third part be consumed and if you please adde one spoonfull of Rosewater and some little Sugar to make it grateful in taste and also three spoonfuls of juyce of Lemons and in want of juyce of Lemons so much good Wine Vineger you may give the Patient at one time to a quarter of a pinte and he may take of this decoction four The Dose sundry times in a day safely at the least and oftnet if he like it Also remembring that the sick have some other Cordial prepared for him if need be to provoke him to sweat the second or third time and some odoriferous thing in his hand or near at hand by him often to smell unto such as are elsewhere set down or some other of the like nature And in want of China roots take the double part of Sarsaparilla and in want of that a large crust of the best bread of Wheat for the poorer sort this also is good to contemperate the blood after sweating and further it is of ancient Writers esteemed as a very good Cordial medicine to give the party the quantity of a drach or Ê’ i. s of the finest Bolus Armen in a cup of white Wine with half a spoonful of Rose-water and a little Sugar if you please and in want thereof give it in posset drink Moreover if you see occasion and can have them in your posset drinks or distilled water that you use as vehicles or liquors in which you give your medicines you may put the quantity of one or two ounces of syrup of Citrons or of Lemons or of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or of sour Pomegranates also it is very good in every sweat-provoking Cordial drink that you adde oyl of Vitriol three or four drops to a dose but no more for offending yea in all Julips a few drops thereof are both cordial and warrantable and in want thereof in a cooling Julip may be added Sal Prunellae so that the quantity exceed not Ê’ ij per haustum unum Another Julip for the Diseased of the Plague The Receit TAke French Barley or in want thereof English Barley about one good handfull fair conduit water or spring water three quarts boyl the Barley about half an hour in the water and then cast away the water then take about three quarts of water again and of Mace and Cloves of each half a scruple or 20 grains which is a scruple and boyl the said Barley and the rest one hour or more till one third part of the liquor or thereabouts be consumed then clear of this Barley water into a glasse and to each quart of water if it may be had adde of Syrup of Wood-sorrel of Citrons of Limons of Violets or of any one of these â„¥ 3. of Rose water one spoonfull of Wine Vineger two spoonfuls of oyl of Vitriol ten drops and if you can get no syrups at hand use Sugar to make it pleasant of taste and in want of oyl of Vitriol use two more spoonfuls of Wine Vineger A caution in using oyl of Vitriol and note that whensoever you put oyl of Vitriol into any liquor and that you would give it the Patient that you shake the glasse ever when you put our any for the Oyl will fall to the bottom and the last draught will be very dangerous and too sharp to be drunk Against Thirstinesse Divers qualifications of Thirst WAter and Vineger mixed and often held in the mouth and put out again is good juyce of Lemons and water so used letting some part down is also very good also preserved cherries and stew'd Prunes are good to hold in the mouth and to be taken in Quinces or conserve of Barberries or Tamarinds from the East-Indies or it were good the Patient had by him often to suck from a liquorish stick some cordial syrup in a glasse as of Wood-sorrel of Citrons Limons of Violets or syrup of Vineger or of some such like also as is repeated Sal PrunellaeÊ’ ij and some 3 ounces of Plantain or Strawberry water doth well cool thirst and is cordial Against faintings and swounings which happen in the sicknesse Medicines against swounings LEt the sick have something to smell unto that hath Rose-Vineger with a few drops of Rose water in it also give the sick either some Treacle water or some good Bezar or Cynamon water Angelica water or Mint water distilled with wine or a little good Aqua-vitae or a little good claret wine mul'd with a few Cloves Rosemary and Sugar therein any of these are good Cordials or let him hold a Lemon stuck with Cloves as is said in his hand or have some cordial Pomander in his hand and to wet his temples and forehead with Wine Vineger and a little Rosewater mixed where it may be had A good Posset-Drink in the sicknesse if the Disease begin hot MAke an ordinary posset with Ale and Milk purifie it from the curd and boyl gently therein if you desire to have it cooling Sorrel Strawberry leaves Plantain leaves Violet leaves or some of them adding a little Wine vineger and some Sugar and a little Rosewater if you please and this will be a good drink for the Patient to continue with in the time of his sicknesse Also the juyce of Lemons or Oranges wrung into the posset drink is likewise very good and the best of all to make it tart and not over sour therewith is a little oyl of Vitriol for that no medicine is so Oyl of Vitriol precious against the pestilential Feaver as the oyl of Vitriol it being warily administred Another good Posset-Drink to give a sweating Medicine in if the parties sicknesse begin cold MAke a Posset first with Ale and Milk in an ordinary manner unto which adde Marigolds Burrage Buglosse or some of them and gently boyl them in the Drink and to a quart thereof adde of good Sack a quarter of a pint and to a draught of this drink put any cordial medicine to provoke sweat and give it warm if the disease begin cold as is said but if it begin hot leave out the Sack for as I in this book have oft repeated I hold Wine better and safer to give a cordial with Wine the best for preparing a Cordial with in the Plague then any simple water distilled although it were distilled either from Angelica Dragon Centory or Carduus Benedictus A good Cordial Medicine for the poorer sort though it were to women with Child for they may take it softly The Receit TAke Bayberries cleanse the husks and dry them untill they will be made into powder then powder them or for a need grate
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little cinamon-Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
a homely medicine but therewith this disease is cured and many other infirmities also but there is a great care to be had to the powdering and well searsing of the same for that it is often full of sharp pieces of bones very dangerous I say therefore this being The putting of it up carefully prepared and applied with warm soft clouts and warmed The Patients help required hands put it up and let the party as it were endeavour to draw in his breath in the doing thereof for it will with ease be brought up and being thus put up into his place it falleth not easily out again the same effect hath burned Harts horn powdred or any other hard bones burned into white powder are very good powder of Gall-apples or Gals is thereto a good medicine strewed on as the former Pomegranate Pils powdred doth the like and Balausties or Sumach is also good being powdred and strewed thereon Also a fomentation A Fomentation very warm of stiptick drying things are good as for example â„ž fresh water heat and quench pieces of iron or steel often therein if it can conveniently be done if not onely faire water a convenient quantity of about a quart boyle therein the quantity of one large Gall put to it a little Allum about Ê’ij a little Succus Acatiae some Ê’ ss or lesse cynamon if it may be had â„¥ ss or pomgranate rinds Ê’ j. if you have them or Baulausties a little and therewith foment well the part and after fomentation let it be very gently put up to his place but French wine or Aligant were better then water for the fomentation Further have a great care that whatsoever you use by way of fomenting A special caution or otherwise each thing be actually very warm you apply or they will endanger him It will likewise not be amisse if you adde a little good Aqua vitae or Rosa solis to your fomentation after it is boyled especially if your decoction be water Bean flowre is also good to strew thereon when you go to put it up but Album Graecum is the best thing you can use Mastick in powder is also a very good medicine to strew thereon use as little force as may be in putting it up and have ever ready a Chaffendish with fire when you go about that work to warm clouts and your hands also And The Patients help very needful and profitable to himself Let the Patient beware if you find it difficult to be reduced let the party be set on his head and hands with his legges abroad and it will help somewhat but beware he stand not so too long but rather let him rest and begin again or kneeling on his knees and elbows is also good onely let him remember that he draw in his breath as I have said for that availeth much and let him not seek to close or draw together his fundament as little as he can till the gut be reduced to his place If upon occasion of the flix you be constrained to use confortative oâ— restringent How to prevent it in the time of the flix afflicting glysters with also your Laudanum you shall not need to fear but it will keep up or if these things help nothing I fear he is hardly to be cured but they have never failed me and so I conclude to the honour of the Almighty concerning this disease Of the Callenture THe Callenture by all my experience or what I can gather from What the Callenture is others is no other thing then a contagious feaver for the most part suddenly assaulting Sea-men sometimes it is with paroxysmes The quality of it sometimes coutinuall and hath fits hot and cold in some and that very violent even to the losse of senses and life also The Causes The causes thereof THe causes thereof are divers as namely the intemperature of the Climate or degree of the world causing an evil habit in the bodies of men when they come into such contagious aires the evil nutriments the Sailers have at Sea strong obstructions the abuse of themselves in diet and customes and divers other reasons too long to insist upon The Signes The signes TO be breife the signes are a strong fever a generall and sudden distemper oft times both of body and mind at one instant or an inclination thereto The Cure THe Cure confisteth chiefly in Cordials Alexipharmacons or preservatives The curation wherein it consisteth that the animall vitall and naturall parts may be defended from the venimous danger of the disease in evacuation and in regiment of diet all these being as suddenly put in practise as time will serve the disease being sudden and fierce in it self An excellent remedy thereunto is a dose of Aurum vitae and sweat upon it also Of Cordials A Cordial pâ—tion for the Callenture A Present Cordial medicine fitting to be given in the Callenture is Venice Treacle or Mithridate ℈ j. London Treacle or Diatesseron Ê’ ss with Syrup Limoniorum â„¥ j. Plantane water or fair water â„¥ iij. oyl of Vitriol six drops or so much as to make the drink tart and one houre or two houres after give him another dose thereof and forthwith also let him have a suppository or glyster given him and so soone as he hath had one stoole therewith let him blood reasonable largely if his strength will beare it let him also have for his diet no other thing for two or three daies but thin broathes pannadies or the like and if it be thought fit to take it after the suppository a glyster were not amisse to be given him namely decoction of March Mallow roots in water adding in the end of the decoction of Saltniter â„¥ iiij of Species HieraeÊ’ij Oleum Sambucae â„¥ ij these will coole him well and cleanse him And if further need of purging be give him a dose of Aquilla Laxativa or Aquilla vitae a dose which in this disease hath been approved very good The Aquilla Laxativa is usually given in â„¥ iij. of Plantane or faire water with Syrupe of Violets or Lemmons â„¥ j. the Aquilla vitae with Conserva Rosarum with Diatesseron Liquorice-powder or alone If you see these courses reasonably put in practise doe not give content I meane the body being open then in the name of God give him a dose of Laudanum you shall find it often to procure perfect health without His ordinary drink what it must be and of what it is made further help For his drink let him have a decoction of French or commou Barley whereunto so much Liquorice or Succus Liquoricae may be added as to make it of a grateful tast as also for the smel a small quantity of Rose or other vineger and Rose water a little and thereto so much oyle of Vitriol as to give it a tast somewhat tart but not too much Syrupe or juyce of Lemmons is also very fitting to be put
If against the malignity of the blood or any pestilential contagion be feared then in such a case the Patient may take as followeth R. Diatessar two drams Mithrid one dram Elect. de ovo one scruple dissolve or mixe them together and take it in white wine claret or sack or in Carduus or fair water for need of any the aforesaid to the quantity of foure ounces and sweat thereupon and if the contagion be fierce the Patient may reiterate such sweating medicine each eight houres safely for three times or Aurum vitae gr 8 These or any of these other Cordials may be given in other waters and other mixtures according to the discretion of the Surgeon the time place and different occasion considered and for need the aforesaid Cordials or any of them may be taken in a Bolus or lumpe Likewise Mithridate or Audromaches Treacle a dram or two drams of either of them in white wine in Carduus water or in beere or water for a need may safely be taken for a Cordial or in a Bolus if the Patient like it so For tortions or gripings of the stomach or bowels Also Therica Diatessaroâ— three drams for a dose may be taken either as it is in a Bolus or lump to be swallowed down and even so taken it is an excellent Cordial to provoke sweat to remove tortions stitches or gripings of the stomach or lower belly or against any paines therein also it resisteth all putrefactions and pestilential vapors and is the most antient Treacle of all others my selfe have had very much true and good experience of it and would trust my life upon it though not before the two aforesaid Alexifarmiks and London Treacle in like manner is to be used and is a very good Cordiall Elect. de Ovo is also of it selfe a sure good Cordial a scruple I meane twenty graines thereof in a Bolus or lump or in wine given it resisteth pestilential venome and refresheth the spirits and either A Cordial alone or as a foresaid mixed with other Cordials Aurum vitae as also a true Cordial for it comforteth the heart provoketh sweat and by the pores of the skin expelleth poysonous vapors I have had good proof thereof upon my one body when I was strucken with the Plague Conser Rosarum is used to refresh and strengthen the stomach either alone or if you intend to coole and contemperate the blood A contemperative Cordial to purpose adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol to a little thereof and iâ— to warme the stomach mixe a little Methridate or Treacle one part and Conserve of Roses two parts and give it so in a Bolus Of cooling Juleps Conser Barberies may be profitably kept either to mixe with cooling Barley waters or Juleps to refresh the appetite and the feebled spirits in feavers or sometimes to give little of it in a Bolus or lumpe or to give a relish to the mouth to cause appetite in Feavers and to expel nauseous distempers There is also in the chest Oxymel simplex which I use in the Surgeons chest in want of sirrop Diamor as being nothing inferior thereunto for Lotions in the mouth and throat orderly used it ceaseth inflamations as also for the other vertues it hath exceded Diameron as namely in the swaging of tumours and paines this is a singular medicine and Cure of Hernia humeralis also in Hernia humeralis being tumours of the testicles and scrotum it excelleth them if it be mixt with a Cataplasme of Beane-meale boyled in beere with a little oyle of Elders or Roses and a little wax so that the whole quantity of the Cataplasme being by guesse two pound if so then put about six or seven or eight ounces of Oximel thereunto and boyl it to a body and it is an admirable good medicine for it discusseth and safely repelleth such tumours in their increase with the helpe of Phlebotomy and a vomit where the patient is strong which tumours by the patient his delaying of time or by â—rrour of the Surgeon will otherwise come to suppuration and prove fistulaes incurable but hee that will cure such tumours must have an artificial sacke-trusse and be sure that the griefe be truely and easily borne up at all times of the whole cure and Oximel inwardly administred purgeth the stomach and intrals openeth obstructions and yet without any manifest signe of heat and thereby helpeth much in feavers ingendred of grosse phlegme Of Lotions generally used in the Surgeons Chest the most common is of Sanative hearbs made in the Summer with water or wine or both and honey but at Sea if a laxative or washing lotion in need be Lotion at Sea for a need required faire water with as much Allum therein as will make it tart and so much honey as will give it a grateful tast and there is a lotion for a shift or if in the diseases of the Scurvy a lotion be required then use Copperas instead of Allum or sometimes Vnguent Egyptiacum which is a most fit medicine for Ulcers of the mouth or throat the grieved part being touched very hot therewith and being applied with a Probe armed with Lint And to wash and cool the mouth in feavers I often take fair water foure ounces of Rose water halfe a spoonefull a little sirrup of Violets or Mel for a need and a few drops of Wine Vinegar or Oximel or Oyle of Vitriol a few drops onely to make the Medicine tart I mean the Lotion I have bin taxed that my proportion hath not sufficient medicines contained therein for wounds of Gunshot but if any please to look into the particulars and well consider them he will find that the whole scope of the Surgeons Chest is of purpose contrived to that end and that there is not any one Medicine therein A true Idescription of a wound with Gun shot at the first view but upon the main or upon the by tendeth that way for a wound of Gunshot at the first view representeth a wound an ulcer a Fistula yea and sometimes a fracture and a dislocation and by accidents calleth unto it a feaver an Apostume a Gangren quid non yea without Gods Mercy joyned and the great care of the discreet Surgeon death followeth Judge then if ought be in the Surgeons Chest which in such a wound upon some occasion may not be found useful And for an instance the Chest containeth for the first intention curative of burnings with Gun-powder Vng. populeon Album triapharmâ—c Dipomphol Mel. Saponis Oleum Lini Cerusa Meldepâ—raâ— being all directly fitting for the first intention namely for taking out of the fire and yet the Chest hath divers other helps as for an example a linament may be made of Minium Diacalâ—itheos and Oyles either of Linseed or Roses very profitable for that use And for all the rest as is said of wounds of Gun-shot so I say of Ulcers made by Gun-shot the whole scope of
into the posset and some fitting sirrup as of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or three or four drops of Oyl of Vitriol if it may be had be added thereunto in such a case being very Cordial and good and in want thereof plain posset drink alone reasonable warm will do well where the recited are not and for a need give it in white Wine as is said or in Beer to the poorer sort or if the party take this Medicine alone being in haste in want of means it will do well by Gods Mercy if he be not too much doubtfull And for the discreet Artist or the attenders of the sick let them take what they have ready presently and let the sick be laid down to sweat and where you can have learned counsel refuse it not as is said and delay not for by want of advice now and then able men dye to save charges which is a lamentable folly AN Approved Cordial Medicine against the Plague of the Practice of Doctor Burgis Verbatim or in the very words as be writ it in his Book with also his addition in the commendation thereof Medicine of D r. Burgis against the Plague TAke three pints of Muskadine and boyl therein a handfull of Sage â—and a handful of Rue till a pinte be wasted then strain it and set it over the fire again then put thereto a penniworth of long Pepper half an ounce of Ginger a quarter of an ounce of Nutmegs all beaten together and let it boyl a little more then put thereto two penniworth of Treacle four penniworth of Mithridate and a quarter of a pint of the best angelica-Angelica-water you can get Keep this as your life above all worldly treasure take of it alwaies warm both morning and evening a spoonful or two if you be already infected and sweat thereupon if not a spoonful a day is sufficient half a spoonful in the morning and half a spoonfull at night all the Plague time under God trust to this for there was never man woman nor child that this deceived This is not onely for the common Plague which is called the Sicknesse but for the small Pox Meazles and Surfeits and divers other diseases This Medicine as you may read is praised to the full and no doubt may well deserve praise and yet were I to put my life upon a medicine I would not choose the aforesaid Medicine for many reasons First that the composition thereof is uncertain namely by penniworths and the Angelica water doubtful whether it be of it self simple or drawn of Wine the Treacle not declared whether common or no and further in my judgment take it in the best sense the composition is rude and too hot fitter rather to inflame then cure But yet I leave it for them that have tryed it or that list to try it to make it up and use it in the Name of God who giveth his blessings beyond measure to mean things A Composition of an Electuary De Ovo of mine own long experience and practice which I know to be very good and is not dear The Composition of Elect. De Ovo TAke Saffron Ê’ 5. and a Scruple undryed then tease it I mean pull the parts thereof asunder then take one reasonable small new-laid Egge and make a small hole in the top of it and let the white run out then fill up the Egge with the said Saffron putting it in by little and little till it be almost full ever gently mixing the yolk with the Saffron and in that manner of doing one reasonable Egge will contain all the prescribed Saffron This done with part of the white of the Egge mix a little Wheat flower to make a paste then break another larger Egge onely for the shell which you may use as followeth First strike off the top as whole as you can to cover the hole in the top of the former mentioned smaller Egge and with the paste aforesaid paste up the hole and set it near the fire onely to dry and after that spread a fine rag with some of the said paste and again cover the hole and the piece of the shell lying thereon and dry it before the fire then put this Egge into a wider Egg-shell namely that which was emptied before and so set it up to the top in an Earthen Pot filled with Sand on a gentle fire till the sand be so hot that the Saffron in the Egge smell then for fear of burning it take the Pot or Pipkin from the fire and take the Egge out of the hot sand and put it to cool if you find it be but reasonable dry and not burned then need it not be put any more to the fire for it will easily burn without great care had then being well rosted take all that pasted away and take all the substance contained therein bear it and work it so long together untill no part of the Saffron appear but be all into one body then weigh what the whole substance weigheth which will be about one ounce Which done take of Diptam Alb. of the roots of Tormentil of Butter-burre called Petacitis of Angelica and Zedoary roots of each Ê’ j. of Myâ—â—he and Juniper-berries of each Ê’ ij all these being made into fine powder before and ready then take of Mithridate of the best â„¥ .ij. of the finest purified Honey â„¥ ij make this up According to Art into a stiffe Electuary which is done by strong and stiffe beating and working of it altogether at the least three or four houres And if there want humidity to work it up into a just consistence adde Syrrup Limoniorum qua sa est The Dose of this is at the most Ê’ j. se But for that it hath an unpleasing taste unto some delicate palates when I have it ready I use to take thereof Ê’ se and of Ther. Diatessaron or London Treacle or good Mithridate of any one of these Ê’ j. se and mixe them in white wine with also a few drops of Oyl of Vitriol namely four or five drops at most with also one ounce of some Cordial Syrrup as of Buglosse or Sorrel of Citrons or Limons or Wood-Sorrel when it is not to be appointed to delicate personsr And all that I give at once to a man or a woman and lay the party to sweat gently at the least for three hours Or in want thereof I put only a quarter of a pint of white Wine with a little Sugar to it either mixed as is said or Ê’ j se of the said Electuary alone in a bole or lump to some for it needeth no other mixture for the adding vertue thereto for it is a most excellent Cordial alone And I would advise those which cannot have all the ingrediency of this composition as namely in the Country that they make ready the Egge and Saffron as is said and take only a double weight of good Mustard-seed thereto and with about one ounce of good Honey work it well into
pence weight according to their several ages and capacities and also if you can and that you have convenience it is good that you remove the sick Patient sometimes from one Bed to another where convenience means and ability is and that you use sprinkling the Rooms with Wine Vineger sometimes as is said where it may be had Of such Dyet as is fitting for the sick of the Plague to take FIrst note that a very sparing Dyet in general is the most fir if the Patients have full bodies but in this disease commonly all appetite is forgotten with the Patient yet when you find that the danger of death by the disease is over and that the Patient amendeth then good refreshing and nourishing food is best using it sparingly Fitting meats to be eaten by the sick And first for the delicate and they which may have it let them in the Name of God eat Pheasant Partridge Quail Chickens Rabbits Capons Veal Lamb or Mutton any of these are very good taken with moderation And so are all field-Birds which are used to be eaten excepting those which live upon the Water as the Swan Unfitting meats Goose Duck Plover Wigion c. Also generally the most kind of fresh-Water Fish may well be eaten of except the Eel the Tench Meats forbidden and the Salmon Playce Flounders Whitings Soles Smelts and such like are good moderately taken also Pearch Roch Stone Gudgeons Breames Trouts Fresh Beefe and Pork are excepted against and I think it fit to avoid it where there is no want of other things But on the contrary where there is scarcity let thy ability be thy guide and in the Name of God in want of others let none be so unwise to refuse Beef nor the Broth or pottage thereof for experience sufficiently approveth them good neither egges poached nor soft sodden no nor Bread and Butter when their stomachs will bear it for these all nourish well very moderately taken And remember that if your Patient begin to amend of his disease and that his appetite grow deny him not competent food in a sparing manner and let him have as neer as may be that which is of light digestion and not too much at once but give it him often For understand that after once the masse of blood hath been corrupted and that Nature by Gods mercy with the help of good meanes hath again gotten the upper hand the body will require good nourishment and often to be supplyed The use of Verjuyce is very wholesome in the disease with Meats and also in Possets where inward heat is and thirst withal but not where cold is and the use of Goose-berries of unripe grapes Preserved Cherries Prunes sowre Pomegranates and the like are very good as is else-where mentioned and no lesse good is the use of Oranges Lemons Pome-Citrons and Pomegranates The cure of Angina Mendosa or a false Squinancy being a species of a contagious touch happening when the Plague reigneth Being a pain in the Neck or lower parts of Gula or of the Muscles of the Neck and Throat in which sicknesse there is generally small or no External nor Internal appearance although there sometime is in both and therefore is called Angina Mendosa Phlebotomy needful MAny begin the disease of the Plague with the aforesaid complaint for which one good remedy is Phlebotomy at the first not under the tongue onely in that case for that if you do it sufficeth not in so fierce a disease but that you must also be forced to open a vein in the arm Wherefore let the Surgeon if he be urged thereunto take the fullest vein of the arm of that side which the pain or complaint inclineth most unto but concerning general evacuation by Phlebotomy in Pestilential Feavours never do it when any indication of a Crisis by the disease appeareth for fear of offence and if so be that one side suffer not more then another then take it on the right arm and take a reasonable good quantity of blood namely from The quantity of blood to be taken a man 6 or 8 ounces or ten ounces not more for fear of dejecting the spirits and a lesser proportion to a weaker Patient and make a reasonable large orifice which in such a case is best and if after apparent need be which seldome is open the veines under the tongue but howsoever I would begin with the arm And for a Gargarisme use Barley water with Diamoroâ— and a little Ordering of â—argarismes of Syrup of Vineger or a little Sal-niter is very good and for outward application take a small handful of Camomil flowers of clean ashes of wood without coales or drosse a handful and a few Rose leaves and two spoonfuls of oyl of Roses with as much of wine Vineger boyl it with small beer into a Cataplasme and very warm apply it and shift it morning and evening if the rose leaves be not to be had or the Camomil flowers use Elder leaves in place it will do well and ordinary oyl or butter for a need will serve where oyl of Roses is wanting or the old Medicine of Mel and Album Graecum with a little Vineger mixed is right good and the next morning after Phlebotomy give the patient a Diaphoretick of Aurum Vitae eight graines and appoint him to sweat four houres and no doubt but the disease will be therewith soon at an end Of the use of Phlebotomy in the aforesaid disease I have had experience oftentimes this yeere and even upon my own Son who being in a violent burning Feavour with an Angina Mendosa and being very unwilling to be let blood under the tongue first for fear of losse of time I caused to give him a suppofitory then after within â—three houres I gave him a Cordial Diaphoretick Gr. 8. of Aurum vitae which he did sweat upon for three or almost four houres very plentifully and was somewhat revived and reasonable chearful neverthelesse he still finding a great fulnesse of blood entreated me to open a vein for him in the Arm the which I did and took from him as I conceived ten ounces of blood he being of a full able body and about twenty yeeres of age and without any more medicines or time of complaint by Gods mercy he came to his perfect health again the second day from the beginning of his desease And I may truly to Gods glory affirm that in this yeere 1638 I have cured very many of Feavours with also complaints of swellings in their throats meerly by that Diaphoretick of Gold of my own practice called Aurum vitae and that with onely one dose given and no more and the parties became thereby perfectly whole the very next day without the taking any other Medicine and by the same medicine and onely by the once giving I also have healed very many of the Plague in one day whereof some had risings of tumours which by their once sweating spent without further
proceeded by inanition that case is pitiful and the cure very doubtful but neverthelesse where it so falleth out all nutritive and comfortative remedies are to be appointed as namely if it proceed of cold either in frost or by want of due and sufficient food consideration is to be had by adding warmth of food and rayment with cordial and comfortive remedies also the Artist must truly inform himself whether this disease be a Gangrene or a Sphacelus whether a partial or a total privation and mortification with the utter losse of the sense of the fleshy and nervous parts and if he find sense in the parts there is life and hope Rulis to be observed if the Gangrene is caused by venomous diseases But suppose a Gangrene proceeds of a venomous cause as many times it doth and namely in time of contagion as of Carbuncles in the Plague the small Pox or by other malignant Feavers when as the Artist may neither purge his Patient nor open a vein safely but with fear except he may be well warranted either by good and grave advice of the expert where such may be had in want of which the Artist ought to search by authority of the most ancient Writers that he can come at for the avoiding of the eminent danger of death to ensue upon his Patient and to go warily in the want of better advice What to be observed if it be caused by fulnessâ— viz. If the grief proceed of fulnesse which seldome it doth at Sea or in Camps then his first rule in Art must be as is said that a thin dyet and cooling be prescribed his Patient and that he be admitted no wine nor strong drink also that he may be appointed some cooling Julep to be made him namely if the Patient be in Ship or Camp he is there confined and constrained to the Surgeons Chest and then let the Surgeon examine his provisions and if he find he have any cooling waters and Syrups fitting thereunto he may proceed to take as followeth A receit to be administred to the Gangrenated â„ž Aq. Lactuc Acetos Endiviae Buglos Borag Frag. Plantag Lujulae or some one or more of the most fitting aforesaid waters viz. â„ž Aq. Lujula 2 l. Syr. Limon vel Violar â„¥ ij Ol. Vuriâ—l gut 12. The Dose of it Misce give the Patient every two or three hours two or three spoonfuls hereof the glasse being ever shaken when it is poured out and if he hath not been at stool that day in which he is to take the Julep you may give him a Supposiâ—ory and having had one stool give him a The Receit of a Diaphoretick Diaphoretick viz. â„ž Aurum vitae gr 8. or Mithridat Ê’ 1. Elect. de Ovo ℈ 1. Confect Alcherm ℈ ss Ol. Vitriol gut 4. in Aq. Borag Lujulae Acetes vel Buglos viz. of any one of these â„¥ 4. with Syr. Limon Citri Lujulae The order of the applying of it Violar or some of them Misce fiat haustus give it the Patient being laid warm in bed and cover him warm and provoke him to sweat gently and as you find his strength continue his sweating for an hour two hours or more which done keep him in a moysture one other hour at the least which ended let him cool and dry paulatim and warily and having so done and refreshed himself till four or five hours ended then you may if you see cause give him the like Cordial again and proceed again as before to sweat him the second time and give him 8. grains of Aurum vitae â—or a Diaphoretick which done you may then admit him rest and respite again for a fitting time wherein you may advise what further is requâ—site to be done in which time not omitting in any case both before his laying down to sweat and after as also betwixt his sweating ever to apply all fitting topical helps viz. by scarifications and hot fomentations of some good lixivium such as aftrr the taking off members in the mortified place hereafter are described Thus much in brief of the Gangrena A Definition of Sphacelus and the cure thereof from some ancient Writers to shew the Reader their opinions and judgments thereof for that some Artists have grounded their judgments that their relations are according to good practice and therefore are to be imitated A Sphacelus saith Falopius and likewise Fabritius is an affect of a part already utterly mortified and therefore not to be cured but by amputation that the whole body come not to corruption thereby Extremum genus morbi requirit extrema remedia and this abscission is not done without great danger of death for often even in the instant act of amputation the Patient dyeth by the profusion of blood and spirits wherefore the strength of the sick is to be considered and Cornelius Celsus alledgeth Cap. 25. The opinion of Celsus concerning Sphacelus lib. 5. that in his time they used to take off the Sphacelated member by cutting the flesh round about unto the bone in the whole part near the rotten or sphacelated part and cutting ever in the live flesh not leaving any of the mortified flesh untaken away further Celsus say Another way of amputation they doth admonish us in this work that the skin and also the flesh be brought and drawn upwards that the bone may be the better covered by some of the said part in the healing of the stump but the same Authour confesseth also that by such abscission causing exceeding pain with over-large effusion of blood and spirits death usually followeth therefore to avoid hemorrage they must presently use actual Cauteries to burn the parts adjacent in which may be conjectured how cruel that course is to the Patient and uncomfortable and prepare the upper part thick enough to be a firm cover to the vessels But after himself not approving that course he saith that he took another way of curing which as he said happily succeeded by which work no profusion of blood hapned because no blood floweth from a mortified part neither is grief moved therein but lest the corruption should spread it self further saith the said Authour I burned the putrefied part remaining every where with red-hot Irons that were heavy and well burnt untill the Patient did feel the heat of the fire and that he suffered some small pain and the rather they did it they write because the same operation is very profitable and therefore burned ever some of the sound flesh also because the putrefaction is best to be drawn out by a red-hot Iron as I suppose saith he which is apparent to the eye for the humours are apparently seen to boyl about the Iron and likewise the weaknesse of the parts considered by burning it is fortified the adjacent parts being freed from many noxious humours thereby so that the weak part receiveth strength and within a few dayes begins to separate the living from the dead part and
wood Water NO water whatsoever more gratefull to the stomack then is Wormwood water truly composed for it is as balsame thereto It consumeth and breaketh wind mightily killeth the worms whereunto our Nation are subject in the East-Indies hindereth vomiting provoketh appetite is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause and is very Cordial Balme Water THis water hath a great respect to the heart for of all other but the former no herb is esteemed more Cordial then this and is of a grateful smell and tast yet I hold it more proper to women then men for it much respecteth the infirmities of the Mother and is in the times of their pains very comfortable to take a little of it for the safer and sooner provoking of speedy delivery Angelica water ANgelica water may serve well in stead of Treakle or Mithridate for a preservative against the Plague or any infectious aire for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and moderne Writers in that kind then Angelica is whereof there is good experience it is also very stomachical and cordial and being truly made will retain his strength and vertues forty years and more Mint Water AQua Menthae doth warm and strengthen the stomack liver spleen or milt helpeth concoction stayeth vomit and is very Cordial Aqua Cardui Benedicti CArdâ—â—s Benedictus Water doth ease the pain of the head confirmeth the memory cureth a quartane provoketh sweat and comforteth the vital spirits The Conclusion AL these waters and spirits rehearsed though in themselves they be good yet if any of the best of them be abused and immoderately taken they may as soon do harm as profit I advise therefore no man to make a common use of them or any of them which hath a young able body and may have a good diet at his pleasure for they are chiefly to be used at sea where mens bodies by variety of the venemous vapours and evil dispositions of the aire or unkind diet are in hazzard or where there is a weak stomack evil digestion with a loathing disposition to meat evil appetite and too much loosnesse of the belly also where by extream heat and sweat the spirits of the body are exhausted and spent or where through the extream cold of the same the body is much annoyed and endangered In all these and infinite more evils incident to mens bodies abroad and at home these precious liquors minister present comfort They also are very behoveful to aged people after their meats to help digestion or them which have weak stomacks or that are of sad and melancholy dispositions for it must not be denied that wine comforteth the heart of man and these waters having their original and whole force from the spirit or life of the wine do thereby exhilarate mans heart and give him courage as well as cure his infirmities If therefore these waters be truly made they ought also to be strong of the spirit of wine otherwise they will not keep long good neither are they profitable nor wholsome and being good one spoonful at one time is sufficient or two spoonfuls at the most for the preserving of health they are best to be taken fasting one hour or two after dinner and last at night either alone or with beere or wine some make a toste fasting and drop the same full of cordial water and so eat it and that is very good In gripings of the guts collick or flixes of the belly proceeding of cold causes or much crudity three spoonfuls or four may be used at once in a Glifter but you must not boil it therein onely put it in when it is ready to be administred for if you do otherwise the spirit will evaporate and be of no force Aqua Rosarum Daâ—ascenarum DAmask Rose-water doth refrigerate and comfort the heart is good against swouning and causeth sleep Aqua Rosarum Rubrarum REd Rose-water doth refrigerate bind and corroborate the vitall and animal faculties benefiteth the head easeth the pained eares and eyes and doth good in inflammations and is profitable in medicines against Dysentery Aqua Odorifera SWeet water is very necessary and profitable to aromatize the body and refresh the senses it sweetneth the garments taking all offensive savours away and doth much exhilarate the spirits being well composed of true Aromatick Ingredients Aqua Plantaginis PLantane water is astringent and sanative good to them that are in a consumption of the lungs in a dropsie or that have the bloody flix good also against the quartane ague it cureth the ulcers of the reins bladder and excoriations of the passage of the yard and being drunk helpeth against ardent urine or the sharpnesse of the water Aqua Falopii FOr this water if you desire the composition thereof I refer you to the Author namely Gabrielus Falopius in his Treatise De Morbo Gallico but hereafter I mean to set down some several compositions thereof for the Author hath divers It is a water proper and is made chiefly of Mercury sublimed I say chiefly for that though the other things for quantity be ten for one yet sublimed Mercury will carry no cools but will ever shew his valour in healing or spoiling I put not this composition ready made into any Surgeons Chest but rather leave the ingredients and let the discreet Surgeon make it to please himself for if I my self should find such a composition made by any I should much fear to use of it and so I wish the Surgeons Mate to do in all Mercurial Lotions but rather let him use such other good Lotions as are set down in the cure of the Scurvy unto any of which he may add sublimate and term it if he please Aquâ— Falopii but I say let him well understand himself both in the composition and administration of any such medicines or let him crave advice or rather forbear them and use other safer medicines though their vertues or vices perhaps be fewer Aqua viridis THis Green water which is held a maxime by some Surgeons hath his tincture from Viridi or Aeris and likewise his astringent tast and vertue His chief use is concerning the cures of Opthalmiae in the eyes and also against divers rheumes or distillations of humours troubling the eyes guttatim or drop-wise adminstred for the description whereof I refer the Reader to the rest of my compositions where they shall be found together but I use in place thereof Lapis medicamentosâ—s which in his place also shall be spoken of Aqua fortis AQua fortis or strong water I have to satisfie some Surgeons put into their Chests but for my self I see no reason for it nor do I know any Chirurgical use it hath which is not much better performed by oyl of vitriâ—l whereunto I refer you rather for that it is a far sweeter and surer medicine as at large shall be spoken of in his place Verjuice VErvise or Verjuice made of the juyce of
Crabs is a good cooling medicine to be given in drinks against burning fevers it helps digestion causeth appetite relisheth well meats and drinks and is cordial familiar and pleasing to the tast but it will not live above one year in good force at Sea yet I give way to the putting it into the Chest for that it is often desired by Surgeons Lotion THis word Lotion is a general phrase with many Surgeons as if there were no difference in Lotions whereas their differences are infinite but here I will use it as the vulgar sort do A Lotion compounded of vulnerary hearbs gathered in their prime and decocted with allumen and mel in aqua pura I confesse may retain a name general as wellas any one outward medicine I know for if well prepared good use may be made thereof as namely it is all in all to be used as an injection generally for griefs of the yard aswell within the passage as also 'twixt glans and praeputium and in Gonorrea which though it cannot cure the disease yet it healeth the excoriations thereof and strengtheneth well the parts and so doth it in all exulceratious of the same remembring that if you use it within the passage of the yard if you find it be too tart of the Allom you mix it with Plaintane-water if you have it or for want thereof with fair water Note that the first time you begin injection it be very gently done then you may fortifie it as you see cause namely give it of it self or with the addition of a little well dulcified Mercury where occasion is but that warily namely seldom or never within the passage ' but twixt glans and praeputium daily if you will upon just occasion and administer no Lotion within the passage of Virga cold but warm ever Further it hath the prime place for a Catholick medicine in exulcerations and excoriations of the mouth and throat both in Town and Country and is become in such cases every old wives medicine I have touched it in the cure of the Scurvy wherefore here for brevities sake I crave pardon Onely let me tell the Surgeons Mate that in want of such a Lotion though it be not in all points answerable thereto yet he may make a good Lotion at sea of fresh water Allome and Hony provided he be wary not to be too plentiful of the Allome Lixivium forte THis is to be understood of capital lees a very necessary medicine to be at hand in the Surgeons Chest to mollifie the liquid or white caustick when it groweth dry and also if need be by decoction perse to make up a lapis infernalis as some term it or a hard caustick stone the liquid caustick is made onely of unslaked lime and strong Capital lees by decoction together to the thicknesse of an unguent and when occasion of application thereof is lay on the grief a Minium or some other cleaving Emplaster with a hole cut therein so big as there shall be occasion to make an orifice and spread thick the white caustick thereon and so let it remain at the least two hours having a care to defend the same that it do not spread any further at all The caustick stone if you boil it to a just consistence and having put it out being yet warm smooth it over with an iron splatter and then with a knife cut it into pieces so you shall have it ready to make incision after your own will for any caustick laid on an Apostume may spread further and broader then you will to the dammage of the Patient but this kind of caustick you may hold in your hand wrapped in some clout or piece of plaister spread and so you may rule it at your own desire and yet it maketh greater speed with lesse pain then the other Somewhat of this manner of incision I have mentioned in the cure of Apostumes and elsewhere to which I refer you Lixivium commune FOr this medicine I referre you to the Treatise of Salt in general Acetum Rosarum VNderstand that vinegar of Roses is or ought to be vinegar of wine first and then by the insusion of choice read rose-leaves it becomes the more fragrant and cordial so that it is the better to aromatize the stomack and to refresh nature weakned and against the fainting and great weaknesse of the spirits wherein the tincture of roses hath a great vertue comfortative Yet let not the Surgeons Mate be discouraged though he have not Acetum rosarum for acetum vini or wine vinegar will serve well in place thereof and yet 't is better if you have rose-Rose-water to infuse therein upon occasion of using the odour thereof or for to be applied to the stomack against vomiting or imbecillity of the same In other cases the one may stand for the other very well as also for those griefs Acetum vini VVIne Vinegar helpeth the unnatural swellings of the belly as also cureth the fluxes of the stomack the parts grieved being fomented therewith it stayeth the inordinate menstrual fluxes the region of the liver or the bearing parts fomented therewith warm namely with stupes wet therein It is good against vomiting the stomack outwardly fomented with warm stupes wet therein It also discusseth and dissipateth violent hot tumors in their beginnings yea even those which are named Panaritiae or as some term them fellons Good wine-vinegar excelleth used in Cataplasmes as also in somentations where anodine Medicines are to be used provided the place be not excoriated as namely in Hernia humorali With bean-meal and oyl of Roses it is a present help being well applied with apt trussings and good care had In the falling down of the fundament it is approved good sometimes with wine used warm to foment the part withall as also to be cast on bricks to receive the fume thereof In the hot Gout and in all inflammations as the Rose or Ignis sacer or as some call it Saint Antonies fire by way of fomentation with wine vinegar it is a precious help as also made into a sirrupe with honey then termed Oximel or with Sugar then termed Oxisaccatum it is very convenient to a weak stomack for it causeth appetite and is a help to digestion given â„¥ i. or â„¥ ii at once for it cutteth away flegme and refresheth nature and corroborateth the stomack also by way of a Gar gerisme it is an approved remedy against Squinantia anginae or any of the sudden inflammations of Collumelle or the Amygdales of the throat and if Roses be put therein it is good for all the aforesaid uses yet more better and maketh the vinegar much more Cordial It is very questionable whether wine vinegar be of temperament hot or cold considering the different effects thereof for I should not doubt to give reasonable content to any unpartial Artist that it doth both the effects of a hot and cold medicine proving it both by authority and practice to be hot and
Succus Acatiae SUccus Acatiae is a forrein medicine for which we use the juice of Sloes it doth refrigerate binde and repell it stayeth all fluxes of the belly healeth excoriations of the intrals strengtheneth much the stomack helpeth appetite healeth ulcerations in the intrals either used in Glisters or eaten in agelly The dose whereof may safely be ℥ i. at one time or 2. ℥ cannot offend but I hold the infusion thereof or the decoction of it to be the aptest medicine because of the grossnesse of the sustance thereof Succus Glycirrhizae SUccus Glycirrhizae or juyce of Licorice in all his qualities is temperate but exceeding in heat somewhat it doth lenifie the throat and mitigate the asperities of the arteries cleanseth the bladder and is good for the cough moveth expectoration and is very profitable against all vices of the lungs and throat Succus Limonum SUccus Limonum or juyce of Limons expelling and refrigerating cleareth the skin of morphew killeth handworms and is of special use to bridle the heat of melancholy to help sharpe and contagious fevers is good to cause a pleasant tast in potions c. and Cordials It is very cordial of it self and the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy to be drunk at all times for it mightily openeth all obstructions and refresheth and restoreth nature Pulpa Tamarindorum PUlpa Tamarindorum the pulpe or juice of Tamarinds is a medicament excellent and well approved of against Scurvy as well for opening the obstructions of the liver and spleen as for comforting and refreshing the blood and spirits decayed or stopped Also it purgeth choler allayeth the heat and fury of blood cureth sharpe fevers and the Kings evil extinguisheth thirst and all heat of the stomack and liver stoppeth vomiting and is good for the Chollick Pilulae Aggregativae PIlulae Aggregativae so called either from the Agaricum or the aggregation of many vertues that are said to be therein for they are profitable for many affections of the head stomack and liver they purge flegme choler and melancholy and therefore are of very good use against continual fevers and inveterate diseases It is described by Mesues whose dose is from two scruples to a dram and a half But beware of the use of these pils where the flux raigneth for Agaricum in such bodies as are incident thereto is a dangerous medicine I speakthis of experience wherefore remember it Pilulae Aureae PIlulae Aureae or golden pils being in colour like aurum or gold because of the saffron in them they are cholagogall attracting choler yea and flegme too from the inferiour and superiour venter and therefore purge the head senses and eyes and restore the eye sight They were first made known by Nicolaus Myrepsus who was the first inventer of them their dose is like that of the pils Aggregative Pilulae Cochiae PIlulae Cochiae deriving their name from a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a grain pils being formed small and round like grains of Cicers do purge both choler and flegme from the head the liver and from all other parts wherein such humours are contained and are found described first by Dr. Rhasis who is their supposed Author The dose is divers as before sometimes great sometimes small but ʒ i. is the ordinary dose Pilulae de Euporbio PIlulae de Euphorbio pils of Euphorbium receiving Mesues for their Patron are vertuous against the dropsie and Scurvy for they calefie the stomack and intrails purge water abundantly prevail also in removing the cause of tumours and bring aide for the pain of the loines and gout proceeding from too much humidity they are effectual in the quantity of one scruple or half a dram and may be mixed with Pilulae Cochiae Pilulae Cambogiae PIls of Cambogia are good to cleanse the head and refresh the sight to purge choler flegme or melancholy from the stomack or spleen they open obstructions and thereby profit well in the cure of the dropsie and scurvy and for the cure of Icteritia flava or the yellow Jaundise they are very good This Cambogia is much used in Holland and Germany and Doctor Harvey of St. Bartholomews Hospital calleth it purging saffron and giveth it in pils per se in which manner given it purgeth both wayes forcibly but the pils here mentioned purge onely downwards very gently their dose is ʒ ss their composition shall be mentioned in his due place Pilulae Ruffi PIlulae Ruffi or Pestilentiales Ruffi subscribing to Ruffus their inventer a famous Physition and fitting for the pestilence and plague do rather prevent infection then cure the infected for by reason of the aloes the body is freed from excrements by myrrha from putrefaction and by Saffron the vital faculties are quickned but infection once possessed is not alwayes by such light cordials and gentle laxatives removed their dose agreeth with that of Pilulae Aureae they are very stomachal for they refresh much the stomack and in any oppressions of the stomack where gentle purging is required they excell Benedicta laxativa BEnedicta laxativa or the blessed laxative doth mightily open obstructions purgeth choler flegme and all clammy humours from the joynts reins and bladder and is termed Benedicta because it benignely looseth the belly The dose is ʒ ii Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi THis is a laxative powder made onely of four vegetables and one Animal simplex with the addition of sugar to give it the more grateful tast the dose is to ʒ i. at the utmost besides the sugar I can speak of the pleasure and profit I have had by this mean purging powder I say pleasure for that it is so pleasant and easie to be taken and profit to me many wayes for it is my general purging medicine when I would purge downwards upon any repletion of the body or general cause of evacuation downwards and I find it indifferent in purging any offending humour according to the commendations the Author giveth of it I can no more misse this plain and harmlesse ready purge then I can misse my Salvatory Oswaldus Crollius a most learned late Writer hath set down this onely purge for the cure of the Podagra giving it this breif commendation It purgeth safely and gently all podagrical defluctions and in truth whosoever shall have occasion of the use thereof will have cause to commend it and knowing it will find small need of Pulvis Hollandicus or Pulvis sanctus whose dose at sea must be at the least two drames being nauseous and unsavoury whereas ʒ ss of this will do as much with great facility and without tortions or gripings of the guts which other compositions cause I use to give it to strong bodies in white wine to weaker in sack but at sea for a need it may be given in fair water and some sirupe to help the tast thereof which neverethelesse is not ungrateful of it self Trochiscus de Absinthio TRochiscus de Absinthio or of
regiment of the sick be carefully observed namely that as much as is possible he use wholsome aliments such as resist putrefaction as sowre and tart things and which are grateful to the vital faculties and when he eateth let it be sparing and often let him drink very little wine If you fear venemous vapours may be gathered give him of good Mithridate Venice TriacleÊ’ ss or DiatesseronÊ’ ss These rules at Sea are not so well to be observed as at Land wherefore let the Sea-Surgeon therein do his best let his ordinary drink be Ptisans or Barley water conceal from him the magnitude of his wound keep him loose onely with Glisters or suppositories let him blood if need be and yet but a little lest poyson or venome setled in the outward parts be thereby drawn in back into the more noble parts and abstain to give him remedies calefying the humour especially at the first In these wounds often appear exudations of clammy humours supposed by some to proceed from membranes and sinowie Ligaments bruised and broken being changed from sound to unnaturall and vicious those humours are to be evacuated or their dangers prevented by good alterative remedies namely abstersive medicines as a good Lixivium or by suppurative mundificative and desiccative things having faculty of confirming and strengthening the parts affected Therefore the fear of a Gangreen being taken away suppuration must be intended in the flesh contused but if in the parts contused there be a vicious humour and the flesh about do putrifie in such cases it is convenient to help suppuration with all speed But first of all let a good Alexipharmacon or Preservative against poyson be given the sick if you see cause namely a little Venice Triacle other Triacle on the point of as knife if it be right and good but if you do fear the vertue thereof to be doubtful as often it is give it dissolved in spirit of wine Cinamon water or good aquavitae whereunto add certain drops of Oyl of Vitriol for it exceedingly resisteth putrefaction You may for a need give Mithridate London Triacle or Diatesseron alone or if the party be of a cold constitution then give him Diatrion piperion or good Rosa solis a little And if he be strong after he is dressed you may lay him to bed to sweat and procure him thereto by a dose of Diaphoreticon given in Triacle or Mithridate regarding as is said that the sick have the benefit of a natural open body yet not many laxative stools for fear of danger Let care also be had of his dyet as is said so much as the time and place can permit Which effected in the next place consider by the view of the wound what manner of local medicaments are most fit And for the first intention of curing it were fit the Surgeon at Sea were never wanting of a good Lixivium to foment the parts percussed or contused let it be such a Lixivium as I have described in the cure of Fractures but somewhat sharper to which for brevity I referr the Surgeons Mate Also have ready Ung. Aegyptiacum and the Caustick stone if it may be also the Artificial Balm Oyl of Vitriol a good Restrictive powder good Ligatures of all sorts stitching needles ready with all other fit instruments not far off if occasion should be as tents splints dorsels spunges clowts rollers tape tow lint plaisters ready spread and the like that when an occasion happeneth he might be ready to perform his duty The most notable differences I have ever observed betwixt wounds made with Gunshot and other contused wounds is onely a furrive Hemorrage and a dangerous disposition to a Gangreen which two accidents warily prevented the cure of such wounds differ nothing from ordinary wounds contused In the curing of wounds of the head as is said Arceus Linament is the chiefest Balm the next thereunto in common use is Mel Rosarum Oleum Rosarum mixed then Honey and Mel mixed with good Sp. vini if the party be not too hot of constitution Unguentum Basilicon is a good healing Balm also the Unguentum Incarnativum or Unguentum aureum is generally a good healing Balm you shall find it no lesse Ung. Necotâ—anum is also a good healer of new wounds but the best is the Artificial Balm For dangerous wounds Oyl of Terebinthine is very good but Venice Terebinthine alone is much better and common Terebinthine is not to be despised and no more is the ordinary Digestive of Terebinthine and the yolk of an egg of each a like quantity well mixed together And yet I would not doubt at all without all these recited medicines to find sufficient healing medicines in the Surgeons Chest for double the occasion that can be imagined which if time would permit me I would write of Directions how to prevent putrefaction to great wounds incident by â— Gunshot And whereas putrefaction as is mentioned alwayes attendeth great wounds made with Gunshot all care in time is to be had to prevent the same Let therefore your first local application if you fear putrefaction be Unguentum Egyptiacum mixed with Wine or Sp. Vini or alone being also very hot injected into the wound or applied on lint And if you fear it will require yet more exsiccation or cauterization add some bumt Vitriol and foment somewhat the outward parts of the grief with a hot Lixivium and apply a hot stupe wet in the Lixivium and wrung out round about the member but if the outward parts about the wound be altered in colour or grow either stinking or insensible make scarification and foment well with strong hot Lixivium and inject thereof into the wound very hot and after such fomentation scarification and injection used as is said then if you yet see cause you may use the former mentioned Egyptiacum with a hot stupe and remove not that dressing without extraordinary cause I mean the Egyptiacum in lesse then 48. hours but rather if you have caused a good Esker The next dressing after the Esker procured by the former dressing it is likely you shall find digestion though imperfect namely durty and foul and the wound will also be very tender and sensible and subject to alteration by the ayre if care be not had Wherefore all things for your next intention of application being first ready ere the wound be opened make a very short dressing and of as gentle medicines as may be I have used an Arceus Linament warm and with soft lint applyed and the edges or parts neer the wound anointed therewith and gently filled the wound with lint then over that a Paracelsus plaister and moreover a large hot stupe wet in a good Lixivium and wrung out with also convenient soft and warm Ligature which is a great help to healing The third dressing I would leave Arceus Linament and betake me to the Artificial Balme which Balme I would apply warm anointing the parts about therewith applying also thereto some good emollient discussing
Nature that is onely every day or the second day a naturall stool or an artificial help by suppositories or glysters if there be great necessitie not otherwise and if a Fever happen give him a barley water with a little oyle of Vitrioll therein and if that help uot open a vein on the contrarie side and if you fear putrifaction of humours give him a little Diatesseron Triacle or Mithridate or the like if he complain much of the pain search the cause namely see that the ends of the bones lie right and that the splints gall him not also that there be no wrinckles in the clouts applied The ingredients of a restrictive the manner of composing it and that it be not too hard or too soft bound all these things duely considered The Medicines I use are as followeth either I use a restrictive stuffe which is as followeth â„ž Bole â„¥ iij. Aluminis Thus ana â„¥ ss Radix Consolidae in powder â„¥ ij Lapis Zabulosus â„¥ i ss These all made into fine powder and mixed with the yolkes and whites of two egges together if they may be had adding wine vineger and mixed as much as will serve to make this medicine into the form of a Cataplasme and in want of egges use water and vineger onely so much as is needfull also if Comfry roots be not to be had or Thus they may be forborne you may in their places for need though not so very well use Bean-meal I have done very well many times onely with Allum Bole Egs water and vineger though Bean flower is also very good or Wheat flower and as for the medicine called Lapis Zabulosus here recited it is a medicine found out in the Arch-Duke of Brandenburg his Countrey named in the Germane Tongue Bc in broucke which in our language is a broken bone being in substance like chalk and in form like a bone some pieces like ribs other like fingers others like legs or armes bones of nature so growing This medicine I know to excell many other in healing Fractures both outwardly applied in Cataplasmes and inwardly taken daily the quantitie of Ê’j in fine powder in wine beere or water the patient fasting for two houres after the taking thereof In great Fractures the Germane Chirurgions prescribe this aforesaid medicine dayly to be taken for twentie foure dayes if they see cause so long to use it The other form of application to Fractures used and commendable as I have said and from which I am digressed is a good strong Lixivium made with fresh water and ashes till it be slipperie namely let the water be made seething hot ere the ashes be put in adding if th ey be ready or may be had in the Ship these hearbs following St. Johns wort Wormwood Centaury Rosemary Sage Camomile and Mellilote flowers or at the least some of them also you may adde Lupines thereto but howsoever though there be no herbs adde salt good store when it is cleared but not before and then though you have neither hearbs nor lupines it will be of good force for it is the vegetable salt in the ashes which is the best healer the next best is the minerall or Sea-salt wet the clowts rehearsed therein and wring them out hard and apply them smooth close and hot about the member binding it so up this second form is esteemed of most Artists the safer for avoyding Gangrenes which fractures are much incident unto by reason of great store of contused bloud gathered that can hardly be discussed on the instant which thereby causeth obstructions whereupon followeth inflammation and pain and consequently a Gangrene and surely the first is not inferiour to this for by the means of the Allum and the Vineger it swageth pain tempereth well the parts and yet repelleth and discusseth the bloud gathered and being once baked to it fortifieth mightily the member by sticking close and hard to it I have used it long without repcntance and the other sometime but for that it helpeth of it self to keep the member to his straightnesse I the rather use it Observation for the cure of the great bone of the legge fractured These things ready I mean the one or the other form suppose then the greater fossill or bone of the leg were fractured make true extention as is said that both ends of the bones meet together namely let one strong man take the one end of the fractured limbe and another the other end thy self standing free and let them draw out the member directly when thou art ready and not before neither by jumps but leisurely and together likewise if they bear their hands too high or too low in drawing they cause great pain to the Patient How to know when the â—â—ds of the bones meet arâ—ght and likewise cause the bone to lie unapt to thine hand to reduce it It is known when the ends of the bones meet for that not onely the member is returned to his former beautie again but also by it much of the pain is eased for it is a sure rule if the pain abate not all is not well The bone I say first well reduced bring your stuffe formerly rehearsed and put it under the leg the parties that extended not forsaking their hold and lap it about smooth and close as you can without wrinckles lumps or seams and that the ends may also fold smooth one over the other wrapping it double and smooth over the shin bone the cause why I use to fold it double on the shin bone leaving it there to be opened is that if it chance there be a wound it may be dressed the better without undoing all but if no wound be yet it fortifieth the bone the better by the doublenesse thereof being smooth then lay your next cloth broader and longer then the first over the first being wet in water and vineger if there be cause and wrung out Let the second cloth I fay as also the first be longer then the splints that the ends of the splints may rest thereon and not on the bare leg placing the splints in their order about the leg till you have compassed the leg laying them as is said not too close together that they ride not one over another neither touch each other nor come upon the ioynts remembring to put all your tapes under together in number it were fit to have five or sixe namely two on each end and two for the midst Also if there be a wound you must so order the matter that you may daily apply to the wound necessary medicines whereas otherwise if there be no great cause namely through much pain or the like you may well forbear six daies or ten daies provided that you see the leg be straight and well laid in an even position or form and that it may lye the safer it were good to be provided with the afor esaid bundles of reeds or bents as thick as the leg or thicker to come
Surgeon his preparation for the work and that heartily For it is no small presumption to Dismember the Image of God This done have thy other Instruments ready namely a good Dismembring-knife a small Incision-knife two great square stitching needles armed with very strong thred waxed which some use but may also be forborn and one needle also and thred of the ordinary sort to sow rowlers likewise have ready long clouts lesser clouts plegents of tow greater and smaller dorsels and buâ—toâ—s of tow three broad strong rowlers or four of four yards long each with also a form convenient for to place the Patient on with a large boul and some ashes therein to recieve the blood let it be set under the end of the form then wet your clouts I mean your beds or boulsters in water and vinegar and wring them out hard which done make ready your medicine I mean your restrictive powders of both sorts have also ready strong wine-veneger or other good vineger and the white and yolk of an egge together mixt if it may well be had or else vineger onely spread your plegents ready with the restrictive stuffe or Cataâ— lasme following have ready the stronger restrictive powder mentioned namely the ordinary restrictive â„¥ j. and of burn'd Allum Ê’j Vitriol burn'd and of Precipitate of each Ê’i ss all these mixed together This mixture I have termed the strong restrictive powder for that it forcibly restraineth Fluxes aud maketh an Eskar have ready also one plegent made no bigger then the end of the member let it be spread with this recited strong restrictive mixed with an egge and a little vineger which done strew it thick with some of the said strong powder mentioned having another plegent ready broader then the former spred with the ordinary restrictive mentioned and mixed with an egg as the former also take of the buttons of row some four or five wet them in the strong restrictive to be laid on the ends of the great veins and arteries when they are absized This done and ready place the Patient on the mentioned form with one strong man set behind him and another to stand before him bestriding his thigh close to his body compassing strongly with both his hands the member which is to be taken off and holding it exceeding fast some two fingers above the place where you intend to take it away and let another hold up his foot It were not amiss also to have ready a swines bladder which hath been somewhat wet and dryed off again which after the stuffes the first bed and first long rowler is spent draw on the Bladder and proceed to rowl again to the full end of the work in the name of the Almighty the sharp Instruments being as near as you can ever hidden from the eyes of the Patient the two ministers or helpers also being ready and having hold on the member one above another below and also one sitting behind as is said on whom the Patient may lean backward and rest on then take your dismembring knife and with a steddy hand and good speed cut off flesh sinews and all to the bone round about the member which done take a smaller incision knife and divide the panicle called the periosteâ—n from the bone it is a tough thin skin covering all the bones of the body also thrust your said incision knife betwixt the fossels or bones cutting away whatsoever is to be found there with the like expedition the party that holdeth the upper part of the legge with all his strength griping the memberâ— together to keep in the spirits and blood It were also very good that the said party holding the member the flesh and sinews being cut â—asunder should immediately draw or The use of the Saw strip upward the flesh so much as he could keeping his hold that thereby the Saw may come so much the nearer which would occasion a quicker and better healing the flesh being thereby made longer then the end of the bone then if you approve of that course of stitching The manner of stitching the stump as some good men do take the two strong square needle threds mentioned presently after the member is taken away stitch the skin thorow on the one side and just over on the other side and with the other needle do likewise as it were cross over the member the other way and draw the said threds so close as you think convenient the better to stop and choak the great veins arteries then tye them fast and presently put buttons to the heads of the veines and arteries then apply the restrictive Plegents together the lesser spred with the strong restrictive lying on the broder spred with the ordinary stuff this broder plegent must come at the least three fingers over the stump and a linnen bed with them presently following laying a flat hand close on the end of the stump and holding it so till another standing by draw up the said plegents with the saidbed smooth close then let a third mango on with the rowling till the first rowler be spent then if you will draw on a Swins bladder which is no evil course for being once dry you need not fear any flux of blood my self have used it and found it good but your rowling must be very Artificial in such a case or all will not serve forâ—it exceedeth all medicines And there is a second great care to be had in the holder that he hold wel also remember ever in rowling to keep a hand to the end of the stump thrusting up the medicines close and keeping them so excepting ever as the rowleâ— passeth by to make way warily for it and stay it again ever where you see the blood springing out there lay a slender dorsel of tow and rowl over it again continuing rowling till the blood appear no more The first dressing being ended lay the party to bed with the stump high and a pillow under it appoint him a slender diet namely no flesh let him have a comfortable Caudle for the first if you see him weak and afterwards Broths and Pannadons and light things and in small quantity It shall not be amiss to defer the second dressing until the fourth day and no longer only visit the Patient daily and ease or take away some one towler or as you shall see cause Moreover in dismem bring the leg you are to understand that though the foot only be corrupted it is best to take off the leg some four inches below the lower end of the rotule or round bone of the knee the pain is all one and it is most profitable to the Patient for a long stump were but troublesome This work of dismembring is best to be done in the morning do it not willingly the sign being in the place neither the day oâ— the full Moon never take off any member in the joynt yet A caution Petrus Pigâ—rius a late learned Writer
whole cure of the Scurvy to the herb Spoon-wort One Olivar as a Sweden writer in his fifteenth book and fifty one Chapter intreating of this grief attributeth the whole cure thereof to be in Absinthiâ— or worm-wood namely to drink much of the infusion thereof and also of the salt of the fame and one chief part of the cure of the Scurvy saith he consists in good diet but the sea-men are injoyned to that onely the Ship affordeth which the better and sounder their provisions of victuals are the more their men stand to health and the contrary not onely bringeth many diseases but maketh the diseases which happen very hard to be cured therefore I may spare labour in writing what broths or herbs serve best where no fresh food can be The Chirurgions duty in this disease at Sea gotten the Surgeon and his Mate must therefore seeing he is at sea deprived of one principal help in that cure namely fresh meat and good drink be diligent to call for such for comfortable things as are by the great care and bounty of the Marchants provided for sick men or those which incline thereunto whereof in each Ship is a good I mean in the Kings service or of the East India Company proportion both of wine sugar spices and other comfortable things and to see they have it in due time and measure and likewise to complain to the Governours if they be withheld from the same or if any man abuse himself by mis-dyet yea and the Chirurgion ought morning and evening to seek for weak and poor men in their Cabins or so soon as they are missing at their messes to inquire for them and to see their Cabins be sweet and their provisions according or to move and intreat the Master or Governour of the Ship for redresse in such cases for fear of a general infection And whereas the first part of this Cure is in the opening of obstructions it is therefore fit in the beginning of the grief to give a lenitive glyster then the next day if the party be strong open a vein but beware as is said of taking too much blood away at once especially where the Liver is weak or stopped and where men want good nutriment for many evils ensue thereby The next day following his bleeding if he can bear it and if that his disease be with a swelling or fulnesse give him a doss of the pills of Euphorbium or otherwise of pibula ruffi or of Cambogia and make him some comfortable spoon meat such as you can make at sea namely an Oatmeal caudle would not be amiss of a little beer or wine with the yolk of an egge and a little Sugar made warm and given him to drink or any comfortable broth made with Currants and other fruit or Spices moderately taken or with Sugar or as the Ship can afford a Barley water for his ordinary drink were not amiss with some few drops of Cinnamon water therein and also some juice or Syrupe of Lemons therein or a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some Sugar and give him in his drink by way of infusion dryed Wormwood good store for it is very wholesome Further the Chirurgion or his Mate must not fail to perswade the Governor or Purser in all places where they touch in the Indies and may have it to provide themselves of juice of Oranges limes or lemons and at Banthame of Tamarinds Also sometime though a man be well a comfortable caudle made with some Wine Spices Sugar and the yolk of an egge were very good for these are helps in that case as well to prevent the disease as also to help it when it comes The excellency of the juyce of Lemons Limes Oranges and Tamarinds And further experience teacheth which I have oft found true that where a disease most raigneth even there God hath appointed the best remedies for the same grief if it be his will they should be discovered and used and note for substance the Lemmons Limes Tamarinds Oranges and other choice of good helps in the Indies which you shall finde there do farre exceed any that can be carried thither from England and yet there is a good quantitie of juice of Lemmons sent in each ship out of England by the great care of the Merchants and The Merchants care for Sea-men intended onely for the relief of every poore man in his need which is an admirable comfort to poore men in that disease also I finde we have manygood things that heal the Scurvie well at land but the Sea Land medicines for the Scurvy â—â—ad sea medicines Chirurgion shall doe little good at Sea with them neither will they indure The use of the juice of Lemmons is a precious medicine and well tried being sound and good let it have the chief place for it will deserve it the use whereof is It is to be taken each morning two or three spoonfuls and fast after it two hours and if you add one spoonfull of Aqua vitae thereto to a cold stomack it is the better Also if you take a little thereof at night it is good to mixe therewith some sugar or to take of the syrup thereof is not amisse Further note it is good to be put into each purge you give in that disease Some Chirurgeons also give of this juice daily to the men in health as a preservative The iuice of Lemmons a good preservative which course is good if they have store or otherwise it were best to keep it for need I dare not write how good a sauce it is at meat lest the chief in the ships waste it in their great Cabins to save vineger In want whereof use of the juice of Limes Oranges or Citrons or the pulp of Tamarinds and in want of all these use oyl of Vitriol as many drops as may make a cup of beere water or rather wine if it may be had only a very little as it were sower to which you may also adde sugar if you please or some syrups according to your store and the necessitie of that disease for of my experience I can affirm that good oyl of Vitriol is an especial good medicine in the cure of the Scurvie as also in many other griefs the which in another place is noted Further a decoction of Bisket and therein Almonds ground adding Cinamon and Rose-water a little and some sugar were very comfortable now and then to be taken to refresh the stomack And as touching the Tamarinds brought from the Indies they are to be eaten of themselves as the substance of them is namely to eat them as you would prunes and being made into conserves eat them as other conserves on the point of a knife sucking out the substance and putting forth the stalkes or stones thereof some dissolve them in wine or water and work out the substance of them therein and cast away the rest taking onely that which is pure one may
a large spunge wet in cold water and applied to his secret parts is good or let him hold or put his members into a boul of cold water also binding hard the arms and legges is very good to stay bleeding at the nose and one of the surest remedies but last to be attempted in Hemoragie or bleeding at the nose is to open a vein in the arm on the same side Thus it may plainly appear that two of the recited medicines are cold now to prove those two hot I will not spend many words call to mind that of Vitriol and Salt-peter Aqua fortis is made which by his heat and penetrating force What opposite vertues Vitriol Salt-peter and aqua fortis have teareth to pieces and dissolveth the strongest metals presently devoureth and utterly destroieth clothes woollen and linnen or put but good oil of Vitriol into an Ulcer or to the whole skin and tell me halfe an houre after what a cold Fever the Patient had or put fire to The like in Salt-piter crude salt niter alone and mark the conclusion namely it will prove it self wholly combustible and therefore hot as I suppose likewise the hearb Sorrel it is a cold herb esteemed at least in the first if not in the second degree and yet consider wel if you seek quicklie to ripen and bring to suppuration an Apostume you shal As also like different operation in Sorrel find it a most excellent speedie remedie I conceive therefore that it is not by his coldnesse it doth that effect for that is not common nor rational and therefore to conclude my digression as A saying of Oswaldus Crollius Ozwaldus Crollius a late learned Writer saith in his Preface Admonitorie to his Booke called Bazillica Chymica Simplicium qualitates non semper considerandae sed earum arcana The simple and apparant qualities of Medicines are not alwayes alone to be respected but rather their mysteries or hidden vertues Gods providence to be observed in Physicks operation Thus much in difference of the temperament of some private Medicines working strange and severall effects wherein the mysteries of our God in his divine providence far do excel whatsoever things else shewing mans wisedome meer foolishnesse wherefore to him for evermore be praise Amen Where the unguents are to be applied The warm Unguents are to be used where you see apparant need by reason of the coldnesse of the part the Populeon where there is pain though no manifest sign of a hot disease appear and doubtlesse it will work good effect to your comfort yea though you think the disease be not cold and therefore need a more warming Medicine Vnguentum Dialthea is one of the best Vnguents and Mariatum is another Oleum laurini is also good and if you list to adde some more califying oyls take of oyl of Speek of Terbinthine or Petreolum but good warm application and strong frication is the means and warm keeping Of medicines to be applied to the Spleen Liver or stomack outwardly the unguent pectorale described is very good What outward medicines the liver and stomack require warm to anoint those parts whose description with the rest you shall finde and to lay also over the whole part agrieved the Emplastrum millilote pro splene whose description is expressed in the Dispensatory for want of which plaster Emplastrum cumini is good Also the well anointing with oyle of Nutmegs or Mace adding a few drops of oyl of Cloves Chymicall doth â—much comfort keeping the grieved part extraordinary warm Of Ulcers in those that have the Scurvie THe Vlcers which happen to them which have this disease are many wayes different from the generall formes and differences of ordinary Ulcers in bodies not touched with this disease the severall definitions of all which I have here no time to Two strange effects the Scurvie â—â—useeth the first an Hydropicall inflation of the whole body amplifie But because this disease hath two generall and principall differences of appearance namely some men diseased with the Scurvie are swolne exceedingly even as in the Dropsie and others have their outward limbs withered comsumed and dried up their sinewes shrunk and grown hard though the Vlcers in the one and the other should be like in shew yet doubtlesse the healing of the Vlcers will be found very A second is consumption of the body much different wherefore for one generall note remember that the Vlcers in the full and hydropicall bodies will require more desiccative medicines as namely the Vnguentum Diapompholigos de minio Vnguentum album Camphoratum and the like And the other kind the Vnguentum basilicon incarnativum and the Arceus liniment and the like to those Some Sea-Chirurgions have commended to me of Experience the best prayser their practise the use of Vesicatory medicines namely Cantharides in painfull swolne limbs which I leave to the practise of others further to commend the same my self having received it as a great secret from a Chirurgion my friend but made no such experiences thereof my self Obstructions of the Liver must be removed before the Vlcers can be cured And further touching the Cure of Ulcers in this disease untill the obstructions of the Liver and Spleen be removed those Ulcers give no place to good healing wherefore since notwithstanding they must be carefully attended for conscience sake I advise that all sharp and violent medicines be shunned and all soft and anodine things applied that you know or can learn provided they be warrantable medicines for otherwise they not onely strive against a stream but A Caveat put your Patient to needlesse disquiet and thereby increase this disease I have here in part shewed the Chirurgions Mate my opinion concerning the cure of the Scurvie to which he may joyn his own and other mens experiences where he can gain instructions worth following together with his own daily practise which if he be wise he may likewise set down only let me advise the young practitioner that How to help the body extremely bound through the Scurvy sometimes as my self have experienced the Scurvie produceth such extream costiveness as neither suppositorie glister or any Laxative medicine whatsoever will avail but that the excrements must be drawn out of the Longanum or the Intestinum rectum with an instrument for they will be like dry lumps of clay or hard Sheeps treckles as they term them the which instrument I have invented and is an easie and a fit instrument called by me Spatula Mundani which instrument being a little warmed is then to be anointed with oyle and so gently put into Ano to draw out the excrements and to make way for the glister-pipe which when it hath cleansed some foure inches or five inches you may assay by a glister again Furthermore it sometime happeneth that by the long remaining of the excrements in the Longanum the gut is either excoriated or at the least
inflamed In such a case you may take notice that you forbear Salt as is said and all sharp heating things in your glisters as Coloquintida Hiera pigra Scammony Agaricum Euphorbium and the like and content your self to What must be done for the cure thereof A glyster administer for the first a glister made onely of a decoction of Bran alone or of Mallowes or of Comfry roots small cut or Lintseeds bruised with â„¥ ij of Deer suet Vnguentum Diapompholigos or as much Aquilla Laxativa Populeon or Vnguentum album as is said and rather if you find that help not give a dose of Aquilla Laxativa which will purge easily without any offence at all and help to heal the gut and this course is better then by sharp glisters to purge which will offend the gut and after the said purge it will not be amisse if you see occasion to give a like The aforesaid glister repeated glister again as before and note that if in the glister some of the ingredients should be wanting you may neverthelesse proceed with the rest with good profit provided if you have better you use them neither do I here intend strictly to enjoyne the Chirurgions Mate to my rule but if he have better let him use it and forget mine in the Name of God Moreover if the Patient his disease be in the form of a Consumption The cure if the body be consumed by the Scurvy the body being dried up as it were or with shrinking of the Sinewes then if you intend to purge the partie give him pils called Pillulae Ruffi for the first remedy but if he complain much of pains in his joints then a dose of Pulvis Arthretieus will do best or purge him wherein the vertue of Aquilla â—axativa consists with Aquilla Laxativa it is also a general good purge at all times and almost in all cases though best in the French Pox and Dropsie And though I have formerly touched the forms of some Cataplasmes yet for that there hath been much good found in the application of this Cataplasmes excellent in this case How to make the Cataplasm Cataplasme made being of warming conforting and anodine medicines I thought good to note it which is as followeth â„ž the flowers of Cammomil Mellilot flowers Worm wood also Hipericon and Balm of each M. j. Bran M. j. ij Linseed Fenigreek of each â„¥ ss Comfrey and Mallow roots of each â„¥ ss Barley meal â„¥ ij bruise the hearbs and boyl these in milk beere or water then adde of oyle of Cammomil Dialthae oyle of Dill of each â„¥ ij Axungiae â„¥ ij apply it warm note likewise that where you have not all these recited ingredients yet that you take so many of them as you have and trie their force for if a few will doe the businesse as sometimes it will it were vain and waste to use many Sometimes for a need you may make good use of a decoction of Bisket in Wine or Beere which warm applied will wonderfully comfort a weak limb and asswage the pain for sometimes the very good warmth with good ligature availeth much fattie things must be forborn in some cases namely when the pain is sharp and quick lest Sowre things better then fatty in this disease you cause putrifaction and suppuration of humours against your wil yea and rather use Acetosous medicines and Anodine sometime also musslagy medicines are to be forborn for like reasons in all which cases confer with other Writers aske counsel of thy Elders and keepe ever in writing thy own good observations from time to time A word or two to conclude for the young Chirurgions concerning the cure of this disease when they come upon a coast where they may have some helps let them use some one of these following they shall find them good upon trial Counsel directing what to be done if means may be had â„ž Absinthiae Juniper Berries of each M. j. Goats milk lib. 4. boyle this together the hearbs and berries well bruised till a third part be consumed then strain it and adde of Saffron in pouder Ê’j stir it on the fire till it have boyled a very little and set it to clear and give the sick thereof three times a day at the least viz. morning noon and night this drink hath cured many in great distress if you have no Goats milk Sheeps milk or for a need Cowes milk will serve Another Another good drink â„ž Water Cresses Sorrel and Wormwood of each one handful bruise them well and boyle them in three quarts of Whey or new Milk and adde thereto a little Sugar and Saffron and let the sick drink thereof as often as he will Whey sodden with divers hearbs very profitable Whey drunken of it self is very good but better if the juyces of Scurvy-grasse Sorrel Coclaria Wormwood Watercresses the greater or lesser sort Brooklime Scordium Spoonwort water Jermander or of some of them be mixed therewith for that they are all approved good medicines and doubtlesse some of them are to be found in other Countries and Coasts as well as in England Also an infusion or gentle decoction of the roots of the hearb Rhaphanae silvestris or horse-reddish in vineger or mixed with beere and drunk is exceeding good or eaten of it self with bread Eay-berries also and Juniper-berries are good Bay-berries and Iuniper-berries are also wholsome boyled in Whey against this disease for they open obstructions likewise from these former hearbs may many other good compound medicines be made And generally note that bitter and sowre medicines prevail most to the cure of this grief amongst which sowre medicines you have Sowre medicines very good that are approved good thereto these that follow as chief juyce of Lemmons of Limes Citrons and Oranges Oyle of Vitriol oyle of Sulphur spirit of Salt vineger of Wine and the spirit thereof also the Syrups thereof so many as are in use and the rather for that they cut away the rough and grosse â—â—egme and have power also to open obstructions In like manner the juice or pulpe of Tamarinds hath a great acetositie and is found a precious remedie against this disease the use whereof is noted already An observation Also note further that there are few diseases at Sea happeneth to Sea-men but the Scurvie hath a part in them the Fluxes which happen chiefly proceed from the Scurvie and I suppose if Sea-men could be preserved from that disease few other diseases would indanger them The Conclusion THese recited medicines for Christian charitie I thought not amiss to publish admonishing young men to be wise and careful to make right use of them and as near as they can to respect in the use what is bad in a Chirurgion and ought to be avoyded thereof Time Place Age quantitie qualitie temperament strength climate cause and what else is fitting to be regarded for the good of the sick and credit of
of Rubarb as is said in the cure of Diarrhoea or a Decoction of myrabulans and also a good Barly-water the second good help is a Glister which may be proper against sharp If the Patient want rest give him a Glister humors and after to conclude the cure with a dose of Laudanum Paracelsi but if the partie be in great weaknesse and want of rest give him some comfortable glister first next that an Opiate I mean the Landanum one dose you may begin in weak bodies first with Opiate medicines in that there is most need of ease and if you find after rest it help not use a Glister or a purge as you see cause for though the Laudanum at first cure not yet it giveth rest whereby the partie afterwards it is likely will be the stronger to indure cure by other reasosonable The oft repeating of Laudanum râ—quireth this caution medicines which done if that answer not thy desire thou maist return to Laudanum again and again alwayes remembring as is said there be foure houres at the least distance betwixt each dose and if the disease proceed of heat seek to coole the bloud by a decoction of Plantane and cold hearbs or seeds if they be to be had or at Sea with such medicines as are used to quench heat and are not merely sharp and yet Oyle of Vitriol is much commended to be taken certain dayes together in any kinde of distilled waters either Plantane Sorrell Straw-berries or the like whilest the said waters are good and sweet or with Aqua Sparnolae if it be at hand also a Barley water with a little Allum or Galls in powder is singular good so is Bole but the finer the Bole is the better and Terra Sigillata Syrup of Quinces is good also in that case and so are all the medicines Laudanum laude dignum made of sloes after some due evacuation as in thy discretion thou shalt see reasonable but to conclude a dose of Laudanum Opiate is best to finish the work for that goeth before or rather exceedeth all other medicines in fluxes for that swageth all pains and causeth quiet sleep which often even alone is the true perfection of the How to restore the patient very weak by Disentery cure And further if it 〈◊〉 appear that this disease have so gotten the upper hand that the 〈◊〉 is grown very feeble his bloud being wasted appoint him 〈◊〉 that may warm and comfort the stomack namely at land if it may be had Broths of chickins or the like with some Spices therein and Egs and Sugar and a little Rose water but not Honey for that increaseth gripings and cawdles with egs wine and spices according to good discretion will do well if they may be A glister against excoriation had and give him if thou see cause a glister if there be fear of excoriations in the guts namely a decoction of Barley or Bran or of Bran onely with Deer suet â„¥ ij let not your decoction be too slimy of the Bran and adde if you can get it the yolk of one egge for egges comfort much and swage pain the yolk of the egge must be well beaten with the decoction by little and little so taken very warm or if the party have gripings in his guts make this glyster following and for want of Bran take a little wheat flowre and with camomile Centaury Worm-wood St. Johns wort or some of these make a decoction adding A glyster for gripâ—ng through Dysentery also Anniseed Fennel Dill â—or Cummin-seeds or the like or some of these at the least adding after the boyling some two or three spoonfuls of Rosasolis or good Aqua-vitae or some strong cordial waters if you see there be cause to comfort and warm and adding also as is said Deer suet â„¥ ii with wax â„¥ ss Another glyster Also glysters of milk and egges onely are very good to swage gripings and pains where they may be had also as is said warm cloths to the belly and fundament applyed are very good and note still that rest procured is a principal help in curing all fluxes Another glyster For excoriations of the guts make a glyster with a decoction of dry Centaury Hipericon Worm-wood or Balm with barly adding of Deer suet â„¥ ij and a little dried Galls in powder or cut in slices or succus acatiae or Cortices granatorum or dried red roses if you have them or Balausties which are flowers of Pomegranats Note what powders so ever you give in glysters let them be exceeding finely powder'd otherwise they are very dangerous fear not to administer an opiat as I have said provided that there be four or five hours distance of time twixt each dose also you may give a dose of Rubarb namely ℈ ii or Ê’ ss parched and powdered fine for so it doth best taken either alone or with Sanguis prunellorum one small spoonful in wine and a little Cinamon water or in any other convenient drink as the prsent state of the sick shall cause thee or for want of wine beer or water you may give the sicke also conserve of roses or quinces after which if cause be to give rhe Laudanum again you may safely do it Furthermore in this case as also in all kind of fluxes fumigations are very good medicines namely sitting over a close stool provided the sick be very warm kept and not too hot to which purpose a well burned brick heat very hot and put under the stool laying two cold bricks under it for burning the stool and then sprinkle often the hot brick with vinegar if the disease be hot or with vinegar and Aqua vitae mixed if it be cold and for want of bricks some great pieces of old iron will serve as it is already rehearsed also a decoction of cinamon or cloves or both together or nutmegs set under the stool that the warm steam of the spices may come up into the body of the patient is very good Note further that where you fear a flux of the belly may follow that you purge not the party with Coloquintida Trochis de Alhandal Agaricum nor Diagredion And remember ever when you give Rubarb that you give cinamon or ginger or anniseeds a little there with which correcteth the flatuous diposition thereof If this disease of the flux shall shew it self to proceed of any contagiousnesse of the aire as sometimes it doth this is certainly the All diseases proceed from God most fearful of the rest for although all diseases have their original from the hand of the Almighty yet then we have all reason to call to our remembrances the words which the Prophet David speaketh God must be sought unto in the Psalmes whither shall I flie from thee O my God when therefore the aire which we are forced to receive into our bodies shall threaten us then if ever it is high time for Chirurgion and patient to cry
good if the disease be violent as I have said one dose may be given after another with six houres at the least distance very safely but Ozwaldus Crollius saith within foure houres as is said in the Cure of Dysentery The cause of this description of Laudanum In a word this Laudanum passeth all other medicines in the cure of Dysentery for which cause I have published it to the benefit of the younger fort of Chirurgions which adventure their lives toward the East Indies I know it is presumption in my self and deserves blame that I should handle medicines of this nature so copiously for which I crave pardon from that grave and learned Societie of Physitians of London whom of right I ought to reverence and doe excusing my self that I have done it merely for the benefit of young Sea-Chirurgions in the remote parts of the world where they otherwise have used Opium in common without understanding the danger or dose thereof to the losse of many mens lives It behoveth young men to be carefull to carry with them such ballance as the beam will turn at one half of a grain with weights and grains fitting and to keep them warily and alwayes ready at hand for all occasions for he is an unworthy Chirurgion which is at any time unready with such needfull instruments This Laudanum I esteem so sufficient a medicine truely Notâ— prepared in all causes where an â—piat medicine is required that if I were upon my life to morrow to undertake a Voyage to the East-Indies in any great Ship I would renounce all other compositions of that kind whatsoever rather then misse it yet am I not ignorant of divers other good compositions of Opiat medicines in dayly use as namely Philonium Persicum Romanum nit mes Roman sen Tarcenci Athanasicamagna Aurea â—lexandrina Trifera magna nic Diacodion Diascordion Laudanum excelleth all other Opiats and many more before all which I onely would take the true Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi for when the rest had fully fermented at Sea and were void of all their supposed vertues which their preparers had challenged them to have had yea and had been turnd to crawling Animals even then and twentie years after their deaths may any man râ—lie upon the foresaid Laudanum as a true medicine which medicine notwithstanding I know it is unpossible for the Chirurgions Because of his duration Mate to prepare at Sea yet for that he should be the better satisfied when he hath occasion to use it I thought it not a misse to set down the ingredients with also the true form of the preparation thereof his verbis out of Ozwaldus Crollius being one of the best I ever found or read Laudanum Paracelsi Laudatissimum and the true preparation thereof â„ž Opii Thebaici uncias iâ—es Succi Hyoscyami debito tempore collecti in Sole prius inspissati unciam unam sem specierum Diambrae Diamosâ—hi fideliter dispensatarum ana uncias duaes cum dimidio mummiae transmarinae selectae unciam sem Salis perlarum Gorallorum ana drachm iij. Liquoris Succini Albi per Alcohol Vini extracti Ossis de corde Cervi ana drachmam j. Lapidis Bâ—zoartici Unicorni animalis vel mineralis drachmam unam Moschi Ambrae ana scrupulum J. In defectu genuini auri potabilis nullis corrosivis inquinati addantur Oleorum Anisi Carui Arantiorum Citrorum Nuâ—istae Cariophyllorum Cinamomi Succini ana guttae 12. Fiat ex his secundum artem Chymicam massa sen extractum ex que aâ— necessarios usus possint pillulae efformari Observations in the preparation of this Medicine The time of gathering them â„ž The roots and rindes of the younger Hemlock casting away the inward woody part thereof the time of the gathering thereof is the Summer the Moone being in the signe Aries or Libra and before the full of the Moon and if it might be done it were best to be gathered in the very houre the Moon is entred into one of the said signes The preparing of the juice expressed this observed let the juyce thereof be pressed out and filtered and coagulated then set in the Sunne to harden which done extract the tincture thereof per spiritum vini the Opium ought o be purged in some distilled water as of Hyssope or the like as Aloes is used to be purged and after the tincture thereof to be extracted per spiritum The preparation of the Species Diambrae vini the tincture of the Species Diambrae is to be extracted also per spiritum vini The juice of Hioscyami or Henbane with the extract of Opium mingled together with the spirit of wine whereinto they are extracted before is to be evaporated from them ere that they be mixed with the rest of the ingrediences Also the opium and juice of Henbane must be digested in Chymical manner for a moneth at the least that thereby their sulphurous venemous and dangerous vapours they have may be well corrected which vapours have a yellowish froth or scumme seen in the superficial parts of them and are very obnoxious and dangerous which I thought not amisse to advise the studious and industrious Chymist of A special observation Let all the extractions be done in the true spirit of wine well rectified and then the longer the extract remaineth in the digestion the better will be your medicine He that intendeth any part of this composition for women must forbeare the musk and amber-greece and use with it rather foure grains of good castoreum I mean in that one dose he intends to give A digâ—ession the women but in this I digress from my scope of the Sea practise where women in long voiages are rare creatures Wherefore to the business in hand the feces of the opium hioscyami specierum ambrae c. after their tinctures are extracted from them are to be calcined and Extraction brought into salt namely by infusion in some fitting liquor after calcination with all due filteration evaporation and coagulation with Calcination Cohobs convenient and add to the rest of the composition And concerning the tinctures mentioned to be extracted in spiritu vini after one moneth digestions the spiritus vini is by balneum mariae to be evaporated till the residence be almost of the thickness of hony Evaperation which done and gathered clean into one convenient glasse porringer or the like instrument then adde the salt corallorum perlarum Mummia beaten fine and also the Bezar and the cornu cervi muscus and ambra The maâ—ner to fiuish the composition all in fine powder and well mixed with the said extracts then adde the aforelaid salts of the recited feces and also the former recited oiles all of them first mixed together with the Liquorice and Succini shaken well together in a glasse-violl with a few drops of spiritus vini for that the said spirit of wine causeth the recited oiles
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
other like infirmities is a very good and ready medicine the description whereof is set downe in the cure of fractures The Caustick stone is made of salt Also the causticke stone called commonly Lapis Infernalis is no other thing then meerely a vegetable salt the virtues and making whereof is not proper in this place to be spoken of but shall in another place be mentioned Thus much at this time concerning common salt Of Vitriol or Copperas in General And first what is Vitriol VItriol called in Latine Calcanthum in English Copperas or Vitriol but more commonly called Copperas is a mineral salt which for the worth and Vertues thereof doth farre excel many other kinds of salts so that not without great reason that worthy Theophrastus Pvracelsus who had truly anatomized that salt affirmed and often repeated that the fourth part of Physick was contained in this Mineral salt from whence the same author also not unfitly doth compare A comparison between Copperas and wood it to wood of which divers formes may be formed and divers instruments also may be made for divers operations and effects for out of this salt many substances may be extracted and prepared and many good medicines may be compounded quite contrary in operation and utterly disagreeing in effects from each other as for example out The divers vertues of Copperas both inward and outward of this Mineral salt medicines of great efficacy may be made as well in purging as also sudoriferous or diaphoreticks Cordials Anodines Narcotick Stupefactive Stipticke Corrosive Abstersive Repercussive Mundificative and Sanative medicines as also against the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse and suffocations of the Matrix good medicines are to be prepared thereof and how these or some of them may be made by Art and of their vertues as time shall serve by Gods helpe I have determined briefly to declare heareafter But I confesse I am not able to discover the fourth part of the great vertues of this worthy salt for I daily meet with some new medicine therein worth the noting Of the different kinds Of Vitriol VItriol or Copperas we may have in England of six or at the least of five kinds namely Vitriolum veneris or Copperas made of Copper which in diseases of the head farre exceedeth others as writers affirme and this kind may easily be prepared and cheape as hereafter shall be set downe The next thereto in vertue is that kind of Copperas which grows in Hungaria which to my knowledg we cannot well have in England though some will affirme they have of it The third sort of Copperas that is praised is the Roman Vitriol or Copperas in a place whereof we doe buy a kind of blew Copperas in London which is not the true Roman Vitriol The fourth kind is brought from Gosler a Towne in Germany neere to the City of Brunswich The fifth kind is commonly brought from Dansk and is somewhat yellowish The sixth and last or worst is our owne common English Copperas These are all the sorts ordinarily to be bought Copperas of divers Colours Though indeed many waies and of many colours copperas may be made yea and of many substances as well from mineral stones as earthes which if time would serve and that it were to the purpose should be further shewed but to be short the Copperas I would chuse for my use is that which cometh from Gosler in Germany it is to be had in London and is not dear and sufficiently good to draw a spirit or oyle from or to make any medicine for inward uses but for outward ordinary uses the common sort of Copperas will serve well and so it will do reasonable well for oyl but not yeeld so much What Copperas for outward uses best Note that the best Copperas as is said is made of Copper or of the Mineral of copper Note further that all copper and brasse will wholly be converted into Copperas yea and turne againe into his owne first substance namely into copper or brasse againe though with losse Also iron and silver will make good Copperas so will divers sorts of stones and earths be converted into good Copperas and springs neere copper mines they doe make Copperas of much after the manner that salt-peeter is made The way to make Vitriolum Veneris or Copperas of Copper is as follweth â„ž THin plates or rather filings of Copper what quantity you please and Brimstone of each a like quantity powder the Brimstone and mix it with the Copper put these into an earthen pan unglazed and place them in a char-coale fire in a Chimny and let them gently heat together till the Brimstone take fire Then with an iron stirre it a little to and fro till all the Brimstone be consumed then take it from the fire and being cold cast it into a gallon or lesse quantity of fair water and it will make the water green and in taft like Copperas poure off that green water filter and keep it and set the same Copper to be made dry againe on the fire which done mixe it with more Brimstone and burne it and quench it as before continuing such worke till all the Copper be consumed and turned into a pleasant blew or green water then mix and boyl the waters till half or more be consumed and set them to cool and being cold if it be A note of the true height of dection sufficiently boyled you shall find Copperas therein if not boyle it more and the Copperas will appear then take away the said Copperas which you find and lay it to dry and boyl the remainder of the water againe and there will be more Copperas take still the Copperas each time out laying it to dry and doing so till all be made into Copperas This is the best kind of Copperas it is in colour of a pleasant blew and is easily to be made and will yeeld a good quantity namely one pound of Copper if it be artificially prepared will make three pounds of Copperas Of Phlegma Vitriol or of the first water drawn from Copperas The rules in this worke PHlegma Vitrioli is made as followeth â„ž Copperas put it into an Alimbecke and place it according to Art in the highest degree of B. M. namely in a boyling water drawing therby from it all the humidity which by B. M. will be exhausted provided you fill your Alimbeck but two third parts full of Copperas when ye put it to distill The vertues of Plegma Vitrioli This liquor as Angelus Salus a late Italian writer affirmeth is good against paines of the head proceeding from heat namely the dose being two drachmes taken fasting for certaine dayes together It swageth also the burning and boyling of the bloud It strengtheneth all the bowels It confirmeth the braine weakened with superfluous heat by the daily use thereof in the Spring time the stomack being purged a little before Also it maketh a moist braine temperate This first
sort is five times stronger then another but when either your purge or other medicine is ready tobe administred adde certain drops thereof to alter onely very little the taste sower like but in the Callenture strong fevers or pestilential fevers a greater dose may well be taken according to discretion and judgement but take this caveat for a farewel in the use thereof note that if you put it into a medicine liquid it will sink down to the bottome so that when you give it shake it otherwise you may leave the most of it in the glasse behinde and when you mix it with a quantity of Barley water or Julep whereof you intend to make many doses deceive not your self for if you never shake and stir it the last dose will be unreasonable to be taken and dangerous Of white Coperas Wâ—ereoâ— and how it is made VVHite Coperas is easily made of other kinds of Copperas it is generally called Vitriol or white Vitriol in English as if it were worthy a higher or more particular name or respect when in truth as white wax is made of yellow wax by the bleaking it in the ayr and washing it oft so is white Coperas made of green Coperas White Copera s weaker then green and is thereby in my conceit the weaker onely the superfluous humidity is thereby evaporated and it begetteth a new kind and shape in all lotions it may serve in place of the other kinds of Coperas but to draw spirits from it is weaker then any other coperas that I know The vertues thereof for the eyes excel any other medicine The chief uses I have made there of is for Collyriums or lotions for the infirmities of the eyes namely against itchings akings smartings defluxions and ophthalmia's of the eyes wherein I find it to exceed either Lapis Calaminaris Tutia or Camphire The salt thereof maketh also a singular vomitive medicine which I first learned out of The Salt is vnmitive the daily practise of that worthy and famous Physician Dr. Peter Turner dwelling in St. Hellens who highly commended it to me and I have found it worthy his commendations in many great infirmities the dose is from ℈ ss to â„¥ ss and Ê’ jj it is safely given The effects of the Salt are foâ— the falling sicknesse Fevers Stomack It may very well be taken in Betony water with sugar or in want thereof in faire water with Rose-water one spoonfull It is good against the falling sicknesse and in divers occasions of purging the head also in fevers proceeding of crude and undigested humours It Provoketh appetite One receipt of my experience for outward infirmities of the eyes I will here bestow upon the Chirurgions Mate made of white Coperas which is as followeth â„ž Vitriolum Album in powder Ê’ j one new laid egge or sound egge boyle the egge hard Arectiâ— for the eyes ill affected shell it and cleave it through and take out the yolke and in place thereof put the powder of coperas mentioned and let it so remain closed together two hours or more then put it into a clean soft ragge being still so closed together and strain it hard and a water will come out which is green in colour keepe it in a glasse close stopped and when occasion is drop one drop or two at once into the grieved eye It is good in many infirmities of the eyes and it will keep seven yeers without putrifying It cureth all itchings smartings immoderate rheumes the Ophthalmias in their beginnings with many other infirmities happening to the eyes and it strengtheneth well the fight Thus much for this time of white Vitriol or Coperas Of burnt Vitriol THis is made as burnt allum is ofany sort of coperas and is of great use in Chirurgery namely to abate spungy flesh in Ulcers The use of it and also in all restrictive powder for staying of fluxes and it helpeth well with other fitting simples to siccatrize and also in Lotions and Gargarismes as is said it is of good use Of Liquor or rather Mel Vitrioli THis Liquor or rather honey prepared from Copperas so called because it is in thicknesse and colour not unlike honey It is an The vertue excellent remedy against any lacrimous or weeping ulcers or fistulas Whereof it is made to stay defluxions of humours in them for it is very astringent and doth well fortify a weak member it is made of calcined Vitriol infused in spirit of wine and the tincture of the Copperas thereby Other effects drawn out and then spirit of wine evaporated per B M and so it is excellent for to cure rotten gummes or any putrid or corrasive ulcers of the throat or mouth or elsewhere and hath many other speciall vertues which when I set down the preparation and use of my other chymical medicines shall be further handled Of Colkethor or Dead-head The kinds FOr want of time I here come to the last medicine of Vitriol ere I have touched the fourth part This Colkethor is of two different kinds the one is from the feces of Aqua fortis and the other from copperas after the strong oyle is extracted from it The first is most in use amongst Chirurgions and indeed is most fotcible because therein The force or effect of Colkethor is a great part of the fixed salt of Salt-peeter and of Allum mixed with the Coperas it is a medicine astringent by reason of the coperas and allum and abstersive by reason of the Salt-peeter and therefore it is good for to prepare stubborn ulcers to a ciccatrize Thus for this time I conclude of Coperas Sal Absinthii SAlt of worm-wood is a cordial medicine and is very necessary in The dose for a pestilent fever the Chirurgions chest It is very good against the heat of a burning and contagious fever Ê’ ss thereof taken in a decoction of Centaury best or in Plantane or faire water to which for to amend the tast you may adde suger a little give the party at the least three doses of The dose for the Dropsie the medicine at several times and sweat thereon you shall find it an excellent help also in the dropsy or swellings of the Scurvy ℈ j. therof given first and last on a piece of tosted bread for five daies together The quality It is good and fit to adde a few grains thereof into every cordial for it is Diaphoretick Diauretick and partly Laxative It is a The dose for a Quotidian Good for stoping of the urinal passages very good medicine against a quotidian fever Ê’ j. thereof taken in Centaury-water or rather in a decoction of Centaury and sweat thereon In all stoppings of urine it is a sure good medicine taken in wine Thus much for this time for Sal Absinthii Sal Gemmae SEarch in the differences and kinds of common Salt for Sal Gemmae Sal Nitri The purity IS
receiving of divers Mercurial medicines which being dead himself took out â„¥ ij of crude Mercury from within her scull And he also relateth of another who after a Mercurial unction taken vomited up Argentum vivum in drops at the mouth and dyed thereof and my self in Saint Bartholomews Hospital having been there a Chirurgion 23. years have observed very many to have most pitifully been abused that way by Empericks foolish women and by base Impostors who after in short time have dyed by bad Chymick medicines It is reported of Cardanus that in his time he would say he was confident that if he might have for every man woman and childe that precipitate had killed the value of one shilling he should be richer then any living man in the City where he lived And Andreas Libavius doth report of a certain Medicaster of his time which gave his Patient two pils of Mercury of the first he fell into an Apoplexy and of the second into a Lethargy and so dyed immediately He also speaketh of another who had the winde Collick unto whom a Barber gave three Mercurial pils who purged thereby continually until he dyed Also Aduâ—pius a Physitian of Strausburge reports of another Physitian dwelling in Strauburge in upper Germany not far distant from him who in one year was known to have killed 80. Patients which had been under his Cure by the use of Mercurial medicines Also of medicines of Antimony evil prepared and worse taken infinite many have ended their dayes untimely and here I cannot omit to deplore the unchristian audacious boldnesse of the wicked Imposters in these dayes who without any fear of God or compassion to mankinde do rashly rush upon the cure of any infirmity how incurable soever promising cure taking money in hand and thereby engaging themselves to the Patients to cure them but yet when with the best ordinary means they know they have not effected their desires I will judge charitably so far but then they boldly proceed further and put the Indian Rat to work which as aforesaid goeth smoothly down into the stomack but when it is in then it begins to shew what house it came of Now a word or two touching the true preparing of excellent medicines by this art wherein I admonish all men who have not convenience I mean a convenient house and room convenient for the work with learning Judgement Leisure wealth and other additaments fitting as also an able body and a spirit to go through therewith that he or they refrain from the preparing of mineral medicines as also from their vapors for avoyding thr burthening of his soul with the guiltinesse of bloud yea and perhaps of his own bloud by evil vapors proceeding from Minerals in their preparations but for the man that is fitly qualified let him in the name of God goe on the work is good unto which to encourage him I intend to shew the producing of Sal Sulphur Mercury from Animal vegetable and Mineral creatures by a most plain and true Art and that at easie rates The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from an Animal part â„ž Cranium hominis alicujus Justificate â„¥ xij more or lesse rasp it small put it into an Alembick of glasse well luted S. A. with a receiver joyned thereunto place it in Arena ut mos est distill it first lento igne and there will be found in the receiver a pure water for the first which by Artists is called the flegma or mercurial part thereof which when by a gentle distilling no more will be had change the receiver and increase the fire and a fatty Oyle which the Artists tearm the Sulphur thereof will appear and when by fire no more fatnesse will come over all things being first cold of themselves take out that which is in the bottome of the Still I mean the feces and calcine them and after inbibe and filtrate them and having cleansed the salt thereof evaporate the humiditie or flegm there from S. A. in Balnea and you shall find in fundo a perfect salt then rectifie the Mercurial and Sulphurous parts each per se and put all the three medicins so purified together you have ready a perfect good medicine for the Epilepsia and divers other infirmities and by this infallible rule you may make true and perfect medicines from any members or parts of an Animal creature either of the flesh the bloud or bones thereof But if you fail in your art and namely in the artificial proceeding in the aforesaid processe then blame not him that sheweth you a plain way but begin again and beware amongst the rest of that misery which commonly attends the poor Alchymist namely that his glasse breaks leâ—t you lose the first labour and be to begin anew The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Vegetable substance â„ž Lignum Guaicum made into grosse powder or small chips three pounds or thereabouts more or lesse put it into a retort of glasse likewise well Luted place it S. A. in a furnace in Arena then adde a fitting receiver of glasse likewise well Luted to it as aforesaid let it have a gentle fire for some eight or ten houres in which time an odoriferous clear flegma or water will come over being the most volatile part of that subject which by Artists is tearmed the Mercurial part thereof which being come off change the receiver and increase the fire and a fattie oyle will appear and come over being wholly combustible which is the Sulphurous part thereof all which being drawn of and the furnace and all being cold take out the feces and calcine them a little then put fair warm water thereto and extract the salt per filtrum the which salt water being purified filtrated and evaporated you shall have in fundâ— a perfect white salt and if you then please to rectifie the Mercuriall and the Sulphurous parts each per se and joine them all three together you have a true good medicine in the cure of Morbus Gallicus and divers other diseases An example to take Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Minerall Body and namely from Salt it self which may perhaps seem strange though true R. Sal Communis sixe pound more or lesse the stronger the salt be the better put it into an earthen pot made to endure strong fire and let it have a narrow mouth and be in capacitie three quarts or more put in the salt and put a receiver S. A. thereto Lute them both together place that in a strong reverberating Furnace and put fire thereunder first gently untill all the Mercuriall volatile and subtile parts thereof be drawn over which done change the receiver and increase the fire gradatiâ—n to the fourth degree as the Artists tearm it but by order paulatim and you shall draw over a strong oyle fattie in feeling and forceible and fierce in operation which is able to dissolve and open the purest and most principle Minerall
Spunges Skillet Chafingdish Pannikins Mallet and Chezel Bloud Porringers Cupping Glasses Potion Cup. Spoon lrage Towe Funnels Cap-paper Leather skins Splints and Tape Skillet large Clouts and Rowlers Emplastra Stipticum Paracelsi Diachalcitheos Oxycroceum Deminio Meliloti Cumini Unguenta Basiliconis Viride Populeonis Album Triapharmacum Dialtheae Diapompholigos Aegyptiaci Linimentum Arcei Digestive Mel Saponis Axungi Porcini Costicum Liquidum Olea Cautulorum Hipericonis cum gummi Rosarum Chamomillae Anethi Lilliorum Lini Pulvis Registringens majus Defensat Simplicia Bolus verus Mastick Myrrhe Pix Greca Lapis Calaminaris Bolus Praecipitatum Sublimatum Lupines Cantharides Alumen Crude Combust VitrioluÌ„ Album Viride Combustum Farina Fabarum Hordei Hearbs Wormwood Mint Rosemary Time Centaury Hipericon Scordium Electuaria De Ovo Discordii Mythridat Phylonium pers Theriaca Andromachi Londinensis Diatesseron Confectio Hamech Alkermes Diatrion Pyperion Diacatholiconis Diaphaeniconis Lohoch Sanum Laudani Aquilla vitae Aurum vitae Extract Catholicon purgans Succus Liqueritiae Lymonum Syrupi Violarum Limonum Menthae Rosarum salutivi Dimoron Oximel Mel Rosarum Conservae Rosarum Prunellorum Barberorum Cochleariae Philulaâ— De Euphorbio Ruffi Cochiae Aureae Pulvis Sanotus Arthretiâ— Aquae Caelestis Cinamomi Rosarum Menthaesimplicis Cum Vino Card. Benedict Plantaginis Aquaevitae Angelicae Lotion Spirit vini Acetum vini Olea Vitrioli Terebinthinae Origani Mel Depurat Simples Aloes Succotrinae Senae elect Rhabarb elect Colycintis Opii Cornu Cervi Rasura Combusta Cerussae Muâ—â—â—â—â— Sperma Ceti Cortices granatorum Galla Radices Liquiricae Semen anisi Faniculi Lini Cuminae Faenum Graecum Flores Comomillae Melilotae Baccae Lauri Juniperi Terebinth Hordei excort Com. Stibium Cambogium Bladders Bags Pots Glasses The Chest A padlock Petty charges WOODAL'S VIATICUM A Help to the Surgeons Chest The first dressing of Wounds made by Gunshot AFTER extraction of unnatural things forced into the wound with the Bullet which ought with all circumspection care and possible ease to the patient to be effected for fear of hurting the offended Arteries veins and nerves c. And also all such fractured bones greater or lesse broken by force of the bullet be taken out I say of all Draw not fractured bones out at the first without caution such of them as may without danger of Life or Limb be immediatly removed for the first dressing wherein note that a fractured bone though wholy divided from the greater fixed part thereof is not as by a general rule alwayes to be cut or forced out at the first dressing except it doth apparantly endanger a Gangrena or other feareful accidents by pricking of Nerves or the like for by amoving it a Flux may Tarry if you may while nature helps be induced or some other offence but you should do well rather to forbear such bones for the first dressing at the least and until nature or other just reasons in the true Art of healing doe compel and to proceed to the dressing In the more simple sort of Gun-shot wound as followeth I mean in wounds where no Gangrena may be suspected neither immediate Flux nor furtive hemorrhage dresse the Patient either with Artificial Balme or Oleum Hypericon cum Gummis de Apericij Oleum Cattulorum Balm in the Chest or Arceus Linament or one of these and apply it warme and somwhat warmer then the Patient would willingly suffer it and cover the wound with an Emp. of mellilot stiptic Paracelsi Minium or any other good Empl sitting Emplaister that is according to Art and namely according to the temper of the griefe ever to make choyce of hotter or colder Emplaisters not omittng convenient bandage I meane due ligature and so Order in cnring proceed in Gods name as in all contused wounds is most convenient to the end of the worke that is to say first to suppurate and digest then to mundify and then to incarne and so on to sigillate or siccatrize with due respect if occasion be by Laxative or other remedies to temper and fit the body by good Regiment of dyet as by purging Spirit of wine bleeding c. And for one particular observe that in Gun-shot wounds almost in all dressings the spirit of wine doth well with some of the aforesaid balmes until the wound be well mundified at the least But in wounds where great danger of a Gangrena is to be feared the Dressing of great Wounds Surgeon hath nothing more safe for the first dressing then 〈◊〉 Aegyptiacum and a little spirit of Wine somewhat too warme put it upon soft Linte or fine towe pledgents or by a Siringe to be carryed in at first into the bottome of the wound which done with some good astringent defensative medicine and fit bandage let it be bound up and if the Surgeon be not forced thereunto let not the wound be opened againe until 48 houres be past upon the first dressing and so also upon every Causticke application Then at the next dressing if Fluxes hinder not have ready if it may be white wine and honey for a fomentation or faire water and Mel for necessity if better cannot be had and with a little Aqua vitae added if you thinke fit with stupes very warme foment the wounded part a pretty space then apply until full digestion one of the a forenamed Balms warm or with the ordinary digestive of Terebinth vitellum ovorum c. and cover it with an emplaister and embrocate the part about with Oleum Rosarum Camom Aneth or the like without urgent necessity but faile not to Time of dressing dresse it once every day and bind it up and after dresse the wound but once a day and more if the Surgeon see cause But I hold it fit that the Surgeon leave off Oleum Hypericon Cum Gummis in time for that it hath Oleum Terebinth therein and so may be too quick and rather change from that and use Vrceus Liniment Oleum Catulorum or some digestive of your owne practice until perfect digestion And if accidents chance not the Surgeons Method may be to proceed as in all contused wounds onely as is said I advise the Surgeon to make use of pure Aqua vitae or rather spirit of Wine with Aegyptiacum where he findeth not a just cause to the contrary Cautions Advices and Instructions for the Younger sort of Surgeons in Wounds of Gun-shot COnceale from the Patient the great danger of the wound except just cause urge thee to acquaint him with it Fomentation Fomentations are very good medicines in wounds with Gun-shot but foment not at any time except you can have convenient fire at hand and let ever your Fomentations be very warme applyed Foment not too long at any one time neither use it but upon urgent occasions Embrocate often if no Gangrena be at hand whether you have fire or not Embrocation Let all your Vehicles for your Medicines as tents dorsels plegents c. be soft
the Plague Certain Caveats by way of Advice for the preventing of the Sicknesse AMongst which Citò Longè Tardè are by many good Writers prescribed and much insisted upon as in the first place and Flight an uncertain remedy their meanings are that people fly quickly fly farre and tarry long from the danger of the infected ayr where it reigneth And I deny not but they are good rules but even they daily experience sheweth are also most uncertain Quia Deus ubique est for our God is every where and returneth some home I will not say with a vengeance neither can all men make use of those rules how good soever neither is it fit that all men should flee for many reasons too long to be insisted upon And let him that flyeth for the first wheresoever he lives beware of provoking God by surfeiting either by fulnesse of eating or drinking even in the best aire how good soever the Meat or Drink be for fulnesse in contagious times menaceth danger Omne nimium vertiâ—ur in vitium Every fulnesse is uneasie for nature to digest and therefore may Divers meats to be avoided prove vicious Also in contagious times let him beware of raw Fruits of Oysters Muscles new Wines or the like novelties as Melons Musk-Melons but chiefly avoid the excesse of them Seasonable times to be observed Also beware of being abroad too early or too late in times of contagion and observe a good custome with your own body do not suffer your body to be too costive or over-much bound neither is it How to order the body in time of infection safe to keep a mans body daily in purging no nor in daily loosenesse for extream loosenesse is not good nor safe in contagious times neither bleed but by good advice if it may be had neither before nor after the time of the Sicknesse for that fearfull dangers ensue often by unadvised bleeding or purging in contagious times for thereby in seeking to avoid danger contagious and venomous vapours are often drawn from the superficies or outward parts of the body to the Centre and namely to the Liver Heart or Brain or to one of them Also if any purge or bleed by advice let the blood be removed and put away instantly and likewise his close-stoole have cold water therein and not to be kept in the roome wherein the patient lodgeth longer then necessity constraineth Beware also that no man that hath any Pestilential tumor or rising be it Botch Carbuncle or Blain doe open a vein without very sound advice nor purge and if he doe want such advice then let the veine be opened on that side he most complaineth of and not otherwise as he tendereth the patients life it is also good not to be thinne clad in contagious times for that the sicknesse with the most beginneth cold neither to lye too cold in bed sweating is far safer for any man in health for preventing diseases then quakings Also beware of too violent excercises in such times for taking of sudden cold and beware of all provocations to the extremity of feare care anger grief watching extremity of Venus lust or extremity of heat or cold and also of delaying of helpe in due time which hath cost many a man deare as elsewhere hath been certified Preservatives for corecting the Aire in Houses PReservatives are put before curative Midicines in the Disease of the Plague by most good Writers the reason I take it is as well concerning the sick as also their friends and attendants wherefore I hold it not amisse to begin with those things which are fittest to preserve from the infection and one is as much as may be to correct the evill disposition of the ayre in houses as namely for one cheape remedy Receits of preservatives by purging the ayâ— Take Bayberries grosly beaten and laid upon a hot fire-shovel and carried up and downe each roome of the house is very good and steeped also in wine Vinegar being strewed upon Embers in a chafingdish and carryed to and fro in roomes or take Franckinsence or pitch or tarre or Rodion wood Cedar or Juniper and doe in like manner so used I mean the wast of such as is used for beads and knife hafts is very good against any infectious aire and most particularly against the Plague also Juniper or the berries thereof or bay leaves Lavender Sage Rosemary or any one of these dryed and laid upon a hot fire-shovel and carryed to and fro in a Roome Also let the houses be kept clean where the sick are and no lesse where the whole are to preserve them in health Also wine Vinegar wherein Roses Rue Angelica or wormewood or one of them hath been steeped or wine Vinegar with Rosewater therein taken and sprinckled upon a hot fire-shovel and carryed up and downe the roomes of the house all these or any of them are very profitable to correct the evill ayre and where it may be done let the casement or windowes of houses opening to the South or West but chiefly the South light be kept shut or for the most part and rather open the North and East lights for they bring in the purer and safer ayr Other receits of Fumes Also for the wealthier sort to make a Fume of Storax Labdanum Mastich Benjamin Cloves Cinamon Mirrhe or of Lignum Aloes all or any one or more of these together are very good for those that will goe to the price thereof and are cordial smels and doe resist putrifaction and the evill disposition of the Ayre and thereby prevent from the Plague A cheaper and yet a very good Fume to fume roomes in contagious times TAke small coales dryed and powdered three ounces Storax Calamint two ounces Benjamin one ounce Cloues in powder halfe an ounce rub or beat the Gums and make the rest into powder and mix altogether and with Gumwater make it up like paste then divide it and make it up into small but long pieces that will stand alone and dry it and when you will take occasion to fume your houses kindle one of these pieces at the upper end and it will burn of it selfe and last neere one houre and the composition will burne the better if you adde thereto of small coales in pouder one ounce Preservatives for the fuming of apparell FOr fuming of appparel to them that are of meanes and will goe to the price of it there is is no better Fume then as is said the Fume of Lignum Aloes Cloves Storax Benjamin Labdanum Myrrhe Mastich Cinamon Amber or some one or more of these for they are all good and yery fitting and correct the ayre well and resist venemous Vapours and thereby they prevent the infection of the Plague also the Fume of the saw-dust or chips of Ceder-wood which are in London to be had and are cheap and singular good for the fuming of roomes or of apparell A good composition for fuming Bedding Apparel or the
an Electuary and use thereof Ê’ j. se at a time in Posset-drink or Wine according as the sicknesse taketh men if it take them cold I hold it better given in Wine or Posset-drink made with Wine if it may be had then with the usual Cordial Waters which is but a meere Flâ—gma distilled from the barre herb at the best and often not truly so good for I well know that Wine is a true Cordial and gladdeth the heart of man which I must believe to be so for that the Booke of God doth so testifie of it And I know also it resisteth putrefaction in the very nature thereof Wherefore in my opinion if it were not in some who apparantly have a fervent burning Feaver where reason it self would advise me to forbear Wine I would use Wine before either Angelica Carduus Dragon-Water or any of the like kindes in the case of the Plague as I have divers times elsewhere recited The Dose of Elect. de Ovo This Medicine either taken alone a Drach or four scruples to a strong person diseased is excellent if it be taken with Syrrup of Citrons Ê’ j. White or Claret Wine â„¥ iij. or iiij â„¥ and four drops of Oyle of Vitrol and the diseased layd to sweat upon it being orderly attended it is a most precious Medicine by my self very often tryed I having often made the aforesaid Receit and used it out with good successe Another Composition of Electuarium De Ovo being plain cheap and good ELectuarium de Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge as it was made and prescribed for publick use in Germany by the Physicians of the Emperour Maximilian in the time of a great Plague there in Aâ—â—â— Domini 1600. being a most excellent Preservative against the disease and also a good curative medicine as followeth Take a new Egge and make a hole in the â—oppe put out the white and fill the place with Saffron undryed onely teased and the flakes opened asunder mingle it in the shell that it be like a paste the yolk of the egge and the saffron together and stoppe the hole being filled and boyl or stew it or rather bake it gently in the Imbers till it may almost be brought into powder but without burning of it then adde unto it of the rootes of Tormentil Morsus Diab Angelica Pimpernel and Zedoary of each Ê’ ij make this into powder then take â„¥ ij of old Venice Triacle and in want thereof so much Mithridate and with water of Scabious make it into an Electuary and give at one time for the largest dose or quantity one Drach and a half to a strong body to provoke him to sweat if he have the sicknesse It will provoke sweat plentifully but if it be by way of a preservative to prevent sicknesse then give him but the weight of 3 d. or 4 d. or 6 d. at the most at one time and let the Patient upon the receit thereof be laid to sweat for three or four houres and it will produce an admirable effect of health if it be with good order and discretion administred The Composition of the ancient Treacle Theriac Diatessar or the poor mans Treacle TAke chosen Myrrhe good Bay-berries hulled well Aristolochia roots and Gentian roots * of each 1. â„¥ dissolve the Myrrhe in Sack and gently evaporate some of the Sack away and make the other ingrediences into fine powder then take â„¥ xij of pure honey and according to Air incorporate it and mix all the aforesaid things with it make it boil a little gently and make an Electuary thereof and give a Ê’ j. s or two Ê’ ij of this Electu at a time to a strong body yea a strong person may safely take Ê’ iij. The dose of Ther. Diatess And lay the party to sweat you may give it in white wine or claret or sack if the disease begin cold or in Beer Ale or posset drink and I have found by much practice that it is a sure good Cordial and Children may take it This medicine I my self would take upon the defence of my own life as soon as one of the greatest and dearest compositions in the Apothecaries shop And I further well know that the Apothecary may honestly afford The price of Ther. Diatâ—ss this kind of Diatessar truly made for 4 d an ounce and that an ounce thereof may be sufficient at several times given to cure a man diseased of the Plague God giving his blessing to the meanes and by way of preservatives given it may defend many from it But I confesse it is some what a bitter Medicine and so as I have said are most all good Medicines in practice for that disease wherefore whosoever mâ—sâ—keth a good Medicine for the bitternesse by his nice refusal may find his disease farre more bitter Nam dulcia non meruit qui non gustavit amara The vertue of it for other diseases This medicine is also excellent good against paines and gripings of the stomach or belly taking the quantity aforesaid or lesse and for the disease of the Colick or any windy pains or gripings of the small guts it is the best medicine that ever I knew A Caveat for administering of Ther. Diatess But beware it be not given to women with child for to such it is not grateful nor very safe because of the Myrrhe but to any woman which wants the due sicknesse of her seasons it is an excellent medicine and otherwise for any person diseased with the Plague A Cordial Confection or Preservative for women with child children infants and tender people The receit TAke chosen roots of Set-well called Zedoary the purest of them half a pound put them one whole day to infuse in Rose-water and wine-vineger mixed then let them dry gently which done with fine Sugar and rose-Rose-water preserve them and give a small quantity of the same half an ounce or thereabout fasting the like you may do with Angelica rootes or with Enul Campan rootes or with The great vertue of the root of the Butter-burre a root called Butter-burre which is one of the most excellent roots for the cure of the Plague that ever was found out by Art this root the Germanes name Pestilence root as being held the best preservative and also cure for the disease of the Plague or Pestilence Another good Cordial for women with child children or delicate people TAke a Lemon or a good Citron â—â—ew it in Rose water and Sugar cloven first into four parts and when it is half stewed adde The receiâ— some Cynamon in powder thereto it is a singular good Cordial so taken and for a preservative for tender women with child and dainty people the quantity of a Nutmeg thereof in a morning for such as are delicate and tender and cannot take medicines well that are The dose of it bitter Also for women with child if they take sometimes a toste sprinkled with rose
them as you do Nutmegs and give a small spoonful thereof in a draught of white Wine Ale or Beer and let the party be laid to sweat The order in administring of it and forbear sleep it is a good and a safe Cordial to which may be added Sugar or cordial syrups at pleasure and note that even Galen the Prince of Physicians as I said Attributeth unto Antidotes meaning the preservatives that open the pores and provoke sweat the whole cure of the Plague which this mean medicine mightily and The several vertues of it safely doth It also is exceeding good against the wind Collick and all tortions and disturbances of the bowels Another good Cordial for the poorer sort The Receit of it TAke of the best Walnuts in number 20 chosen Figs 16 Rue â„¥ 1. se Wormwood leaves and seeds pickt half a handfull Gentian roots â„¥ 2. round Aristolochia roots â„¥ 3 long Aristolochia roots â„¥ 1. Torment Diptam roots of each half an ounce Bayberries half an ounce common salt â„¥ 3. Mithridate â„¥ 2. mix all artificially to gether except the Mithridate then weigh the whole lump and take three times so much pure honey in weight as all the ingrediences are and being first all well wrought together adde the Mithridate and mix it also The Dose of it Keep this close covered and give for a preservative the quantity of a Nutmeg but by way of cure to provoke sweat give as much as a Walnut thereof and sweat well upon it this is an approved good Medicine and not much unsavoury to be taken if it be truly made But if any person for the unsavourinesse of a medicine will refuse help let him forbear and expect and take of what followes and further note that it will not be amisse as I have said that after any cordial medicine be swallowed down without liquor that a cup of good wine be given or in want of it warm Posset-Drink or Beer Another good Cordial for poor people at a mean price to be had The Receit TAke the kernels of Walnuts of the herb Rue and of chosen figs of each â„¥ 1. of common salt Ê’ 2. of Saffron Ê’ 1. let all this be very well beaten together with as much Wine Vineger as will work The Dose them up into the form of an Electuary and take thereof fasting daily the quantity of two Drachmes Certain Rules and Observations to be regarded concerning the curing of the infected of the Plague Directions for the infected IN which the first point is that he be put in minde of his duty to God and that with penitent heart he crave mercy of him Secondly that he take the advice of the best learned he can have and that he follow their directions but if he want better counsel let him observe as followeth How to order the bodies of â—he infectâ—d First if his body be very costive namely if he have had no stool in two daies or at the least the day before he falleth sick let him in the first place take a Suppository and if it procure him not a stool let him take another within one half houre and if that do no good let him take a very gentle Glister but beware of taking any Purgation or Laxative whatsoever by the mouth to be received as I have in several places said at the beginning of the disease Puâ—ging dangerous but open a Vein rather if learned advice order it or which is safest take a Medicine to cause sweat and if he be scanted of time sweat first and take a Suppository after the sweating Medicines have done for it is dangerous to delay sweating any time And if Sweating not to be delayed he have it let his Cordial be Aurum Vitae eight graines But in case the disease prove to be the Plague if the party be full of blood and the sicknesse begin with him hot and have but newly taken hold of him and also that he be couragious and willing thereunto Letting blood necessary in some respects open him the fullest Vein you can find in his arm on that side he most complaines on and take six seven or eight ounces if no rising appear and lay him to sweat within one hour after forbidding him to sleep as he tendreth his life but if he be fearfull dull sleepy shivering or yawning or have any such signes Sleeping dangerous after blood-letting before the bleeding or that any Tumnur appear then forbear Plebotomy at the first and presently give him a Diaphoretick or sweat-provoking Medicine or antidote one of those formerly named and let him be layd in Bed and well covered over head Observations in sweating and all and so provoked to sweat by all the reasonable meanes that may be And in any case let him not be suffered to sleep Not to sleep in sweating during the time of his sweating no not in two houres after the taking of his first Cordial without you see extraordinary good signes of health in him Of the time of sweating how long And you may continue him sweating gently three or four houres or lesse time according to his strength and then withdraw the clothes How to be ordered in sweating and afterward by a little and a little but yet keep him in a breathing manner warm though not sweating much somewhat longer which done drie him and shift him with fresh clothes well warmed And if he keep his Medicine and sweat well there is very good hopes or rather little fear of him at all but if he cast it there is not so much hope yet give him another sweating Medicine and a third if he cast the second striving to please his taste in what you may with his Medicines and when he hath sweat well and is reasonably cooled then may you let him sit upon his bed and give him some Posset-drink or a small cup of Beer warmed or some Broth or some few stewed Prunes or some conserves as of Quinces or Barberries then if you find him not lightsome and his head-ache and complaints not eased give a second sweating Medicine to the former after four or five houres distance and keep him lying in bed and in a breathing or gentle sweating manner almost half a day after and aboot ten or twelve houres after his Cordial given or sooner if you see reason you may suffer him to sleep but first it is not amisse to give him some warm Broth as is said to refresh him Meanes to provoke sweat And if the Patient be unapt to sweat let Bottles of very hot water be filled and put to his one side and at his feet or hot Bricks somewhat quenched wirh water and then wrapped with wet clothes and layd to his side and feet covering as well his face as any other part leaving him but a sufficient breathing place onely and be sure he sweat lying on the one side and not on his back and he
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have
the bottom I use once more my Aqua benedicta and give a second vomit of Aquilla vita Other Rules for the finishing of the Cure Also I observe it for good in the conclusion of each sure cure to give such a vomit where the strength of the Patient will bear it Furthermore I prescribe the Patient a strict drying dyet where I see good cause not otherwise But remember this principal rule that what day he either taketh vomiting purging or sweating medicine that the same day he forbear his dyet drink Further beware that you prescribe not over slender diet to him which is already pinched with weak diet either at Sea or Land or whose diet is of bad nourshment as too oftentimes it happeneth amongst poor Seafaring men in long Voyages Thus using this afore prescribed medicine judiciously you may cure any pockie Fistula or inveterated Ulcer whatsoever if they by Art are curable And for any pockie Ulcer on the virga I mean either upon glans or praputium or 'twixt both only touch it but once with the aforesaid Aqus benedicta and give the party one dose of the Aquilla vitae and without question you shall cure it afterwards as if it were a green wound but remember it will cause Virga to tumifie sometimes much but be not afraid for by the use of Lotions mixed with Plantane or fair water daily warm and cast it in twixt Glans and Praeputium it will soon amend It cureth also any warts of the virga by onely touching them and that if they be touched but very gently for it is a strong medicine and procureth some pain but not in warts yet honest it is and sure for it will not fail and if once you acquaint your selves with the parts thereof you will never afterward use Trosses of minium nor Mercury sublimate again and yet let me speak my Conscience both Trosses of minium and Mercury sublimate are worthy Medicines their whole force and healing vertue being indeed onely the quick-silver and spirits of salt and no other thing whose companion was never found out for healing and killing I have often cured desperate Ulcers yea and Fistulaes with Trosses of Minium as also sometimes with onely a Tent made of Mercury sublimated and put into the orifice And how excellent it is inwardly given being truly prepared I will for this time forbear to speak till I write of the preparation of such medicines as I have here divulged under strange names Thus much of Ulcers and Fistulaes to God his glory and the help of the weaker sort of young Practitioners The Cure of Fractures THE first Intention in the Cure of Fractures is performed by restoring the bones disjoyned and taking away any loose pieces or fragments of bones if any be The second Intention is performed by keeping the parts together namely the ends of the bones formerly displaced and fractured by violence The third Intention to be done is the curing of the wounds or contusions incident to fractured bones The fourth to prevent or remove the accidents The first part of this work namely the restoring or rather bringing to their places the fractured ends of the bones is performed by extention and a skilfull and ready hand touching the extention let it be done paulatim by little and little as the tearm is with even hands The first work not by jumps or on the sudden and yet with as much force as is requisite namely till the Artist standing by with his hands upon the grief perceive he is able to set the ends of the bones into their place which done it is then required that they be kept so The second curative intention of Fractures is performed by keeping the ends of their bones placed in their right forme and place This part is chiefly done by good Ligature wherein I am willing to impart to young Artists my practise in curing Fractures in the thighes and legges and understand I use no rowlers at all but clowts splints armed and tape my reason is it is a great disease and disquiet to my Patient yea though I have two assistants to hold the member to come so oft about the member as to rowle it and endangereth much the disjoynting of the bones again and causeth pain And it is manifest that in simple Fractures the placing of the bones and keeping them so is the most work of the Cure and nothing cureth a fractured bone so much as rest wherefore when a bone is newly placed and shall be troubled much with lifting and rowling it cannot but hinder unition and procure some accidents offensive my form of Ligatures in Fractures is to have next the member one four-double clowt in length I mean above and below the Fracture so long that the ends of the splints I intend to use may have a resting place on the clowt And if I intend to cure the Patient by a Lixivium I apply it on this said clowt appointing the medicine ever to be next to the grief then I have another like great cloth to come over that again under the splints which being close and smooth brought about the member I then put under the first splint of a good bredth and length well armed with tow and under that I lay foure or five strong tapes then I tie one of the said tapes gently and thurst all the rest of the splints under the same tape namely so many as may compasse the fractured member lying close but with some small distance that they touch not one another then I tie the rest of the tapes drawing them close till the partie fensibly seel them to bear in all places the splints I appoint commonly so long as the member can bear without galling or troubling the next joynt these things so done if either the legge or thigh be fractured I appoint him juncks as some terme them namely bents rowled up in canvasse to come above his knee and down to the foot yea though onely the legge be fractured it is fit these bundles of junckes be as thick and thicker then the member fractured for that they may defend it in bed from wrong and they are gently to be bound to the member that they may turn with it if occasion be to these junckes also a cloth may be fastned which may be brought under the foot to stay the same up to his due position which is a great ease to the patient and beleeve me if once you be but perfect in this form of Ligature you will never desire a rowler in the Cure of fracture I used rowlers till I saw the fufficiency of this form of binding which now I desire not to change The Cure The third intention is the Cure wherein the inward and outward course of the Cure is to be considered of Touching the regiment of the body concerning sustenance at Sea the Patient need to have it no thinner then the Saylers ordinary and touching medicine let him have the benefit of