and congealing of blood A drink for the same purpose â„ž Ligni guajaci â„¥ viij radicis enulae camp consolid majoris Ireos Florent polypod querni seminis coriandri anisi an â„¥ ss glycyrhiz â„¥ ij nepetae centaureae caryophyl cardui ben verbenae an m. s aquae fontanae lib. xij Let them be all beaten and infused for the space of twelve hours then let them boil over a gentle fire untill the one half be consumed let the Patient drink some halfe a pint of this drink in the morning and then sweat some hours upon it in his bed and do this for seven or eight dayes If any poor man light upon such a mischance who for want of means cannot be at such cost it will be good having wrapped him in a sheet to bury him up to the chin in Dung mixed with some hay or straw and there to keep him untill he have sweat sufficiently I have done thus to many with very good success You shall also give the Patient potions made with syrups which have power to hinder the coagulation and putrefaction of the blood such as syrup of Vinegar or Lemmons of the juice of Citrons and such others to the quantity of an ounce dissolved in scabius or Cardnus water You may also presently after the fall give this drink which hath power to hinder the coagulation of the blood and strengthen the bowells â„ž Rhei elect in pul redacti ℈ j aquae ruliae majoris plantagin an â„¥ j. theriacaÊ’ ss syrupide rosis siccis â„¥ ss fiat pâ—â—us Let him take it in the morning for four or five dayes In stead hereof you may make a potion of one dram of Sperma ceti d ssolved in bugloss or some other of the waters formerly mentioned and half an ounce of syrup of Maiden-hair if the disease yield not at all to these formerly prescribed medicins it will be good to give the Patient for nine dayes three or four hours before meat A powder for the same some of the following powder â„ž rhei torrefacti rad rub majoris centaurei gentianae aristoli rotundae an â„¥ ss give Ê’j hereof with syrup of Vinegar and Carduus water They say that the water of green Walnuts distilled by an Alembick is good to dissolve congealed and knotted blood Also you may use baths made of the decoction of the roots of Orris Elecampane Sorrel Fennel Marshmallows Water-fern or Osmund the waterman the greater Comfrey the seeds of Faenugreek the leaves of Sage Marjerum the flowres of Camomile Melilote and the like For a warm Bath hath power to rarifie the skin The distilled water of green Walnuts Baths to dissolve the clotted blood by cutting the tough and mitigating the acrid humors by calling them forth into the surface of the body and relaxing the passages thereof so that the rebellious qualities being orecome there ensues an easie evacuation of the matter by vomit or expectoration if it flote in the Stomach or be contained in the Chest but by stool and urin if it lye in the lower parts by sweats and transpiration if it lye next under the skin Wherefore bathes are good for those who have a Peripneumonia or inflammation of their Lungs Lib 3 de vict aâ—ut lib. 3. de de meth or a Plurisie according to the mind of Hippocrates if so be that they be used when the feaver begins to be asswaged for so they mitigate pain help forwards suppuration and hasten the spitting up of the purulent matter But we would not have the Patient enter into the bath unless he have first used general remedies as blood-letting and purging for otherwise there will be no small danger lest the humors diffused by the heat of the bath cause a new defluxion into the parts affected Wherefore do not thou by any means attempt to use this or the like remedy having not first had the advice of a Physitian CHAP. III. How we must handle Contusions when they are joyned with a Wound EVery great Contusion forthwith requires Bloud-letting or purging or both and these either for evacuation or revulsion For thus Hippocrates in a contusion of the heel Sect. lib. fract gives a vomitory portion the same day or else the next day after the heel is broken And then if the Contusion have a wound associating it the defluxion must be strayed at the beginning with an Ointment made of Bole-Armenick the white of Eggs and Oyl of Roses and Myrtles with the powders of red-Roses Alome and Mastich At the second dressing apply a digestive made of the yolk of an Egg Oyl of Violets and Turpentine A suppurative Cataplasm This following Cataplasm shall be applyed to the near parts to help forwards suppuration â„ž rad althaeae lilii an â„¥ iiij sal malâ— violar senecionis an M. ss coquantur complete passentur per setaceum addendo butyri recentis olei viol an â„¥ iij. farinae volatilis quant sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis liquidae A caution to be observed Yet have a care in using of Cataplasms that you do not too much exceed for too frequent and immoderate use of them makes wounds phlegmonous sordid and putrid Wherefore the wound after it is come to suppuration must be clensed filled with flesh and cicatrized unless happily the contused flesh shall be very much torn so that the native heat forsake it for then it must be cut away But if there be any hope to agglutinate it let it be sowed How contused wounds must be sowed and other things performed according to Art but the stitches must not be made so close together as when the wound is simple and without contusion for such wounds are easily inflamed and swell up which would occasion either the breaking of the thred or flesh or tearing of the skin CHAP. IV. Of these Contusions which are without a Wound IF the skin being whole and not hurt as far as can be discerned the flesh which lies under it be contused and the bloud poured forth under the skin make an Ecchymosis then the Patient must be governed according Art until the malign symptoms which commonly happen be no more to be feared Wherefore in the beginning draw bloud on the opposite side Phlebotomy both for evacuation and revulsion The contused part shall be scarified with equal scarifications Scarifying Cupping-glasses then shall you apply Cupping-glasses or horns both for evacuation of the bloud which causes the tumor and tension in the part as also to ventilate and refrigerate the heat of the part lest it turn into an Abscess Neither must we in the mean while omit gentle purging of the Belly Astrictives how good in Contusions The first Topick medicins ought to be astrictives which must lye some short while upon the part that so the Veins and Arteries may be as it were straitned and closed up and so the defluxion hindered as also that the part it self may be
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâ—oction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then â—et the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâ—â—â—ed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâ—sh his hands and his
cast up any quantity of phlegm by vomit and that fit be determinated in a plentiful sweat it shews the Feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yielding and tenuity of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the Feaver A Quotidian Feaver is commonly long because the phlegmatick humor being cold Why Quotidians are oft-times long Into what diseases a Quartain usually changes and moist by nature is heavy and unapt for motion neither is it without fear of a greater disease because oft-times it changes into a burning or Quartain feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegm for saltness hath affinity with bitterness wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it need not seem very strange if Salt phlegmby adustion turn into choler or melancholy Those who recover of a Quotidian-feaver have their digestive faculty very weak wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a Quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to pass that this Feaver oft-times lasts sixty days But have a care you be not deceived and take a double Tertian for a Quotidian How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian because it takes the Patient every day as a Quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kind of the humor and the propriety of the Symptoms and accidents besides Quotidian commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldness of the air caused by the absence of the Sun Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a little before by the presence and heat of the Sun But on the contrary double Tertians take one about noon The shortness and gentleness of the fit the plentiful sweat breaking forth the matter being concocted causes us to think the Quotidian short and salutary The cure is performed by two means to wit Diet and Pharmacy Diet. Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the Patient breathe in a clear air moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked Cock or Chicken broths in which have been boiled the roots of Parsley Sorrel and the like Neither at sometimes will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted When the use of spiced and salted meats are fit be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomach and liver much cooled Let him eat Chickens Mutton Partridge and small Birds River-fishes and such as live in stony-Stony-waters fryed or boyled rear Eggs and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drink be small white Wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exexercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleep taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleep fall not upon the time of the fit When sleep is hurtful for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowels For the the passions of the mind the Patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seems not amiss to some at the coming of the fit to put the feet and legs into hot water in which Chamomil Dill Melilot Marjerom Sage and Rosemary have been boyled The medicines shall be such syrups as are called digestive and aperitive Medicines as Syrup of Wormwood Mints of the five opening roots Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomil Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agarick Turbith of which you shall make Potions with the water of Mints Balm Hyssop Sage Fennel Endive or the like Pillulae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in form of a bole with Sugar as the Physitian being present shall think most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the Stomach Care must be bad of the Stomach Vomits and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chief seat of Phlegm wherefore it will be good to anoint it every other day with Oil of Chamomil mixed with a little white Wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juyce of Radish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrup of Vinegar will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when Nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate Quotidian The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in form of a Bole or to drink it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIV Of a Scirrhus or an hard tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of tumors caused by bloud choler and phlegm it remains we speak of these which are bred of a melancholick humor of these there are said to be four differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegimate Scirrhus is of an hard tumor endued with little sense and so commonly without pain generated of a natural melancholick humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard tumor insensible and without pain of a Melancholick humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholick humor The fourth of a phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a gross tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnatural affects of the Liver or Spleen as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrhoids or Courses The Signs The signs are hardness renitency a blackish colour and a dilation of the veins of the affected part with blackishness by reason of the abundance of the gross humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholly without pain and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yield to any Prognostick Those which are brought to suppuration easily turn into Cancers and Fistula's these tumors though in the beginning they appear little yet in process of time they grow to a great bigness CHAP. XXV Of the cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Scirrhus chiefly consists of three heads First The Physitian shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ— part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ— is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
Divers repercussives to be applyed to the Eye but let this repercussive be laid upon the eye and the neigbouring parts â„ž Albumin ovor nu iiij pulver aluminis rechae combustiÊ’ ij sanguinis DraconisÊ’j aquae rosar plantag an â„¥ ij agitentur simul make a repercussive which you may frequently use Or else apply cheese-curds well wrung mixed with Rose-water the white of an Egge and as much acacia as shall suffice This which followeth doth more powerfully stay the flowing humor â„ž gum arab tragac an Ê’ ij psilii cydon semin portul plant sumach an Ê’ ij fiat mucag. cum aqua plantag solan rosar concinnetur collyrium of which you may drop some both within and about the Eye Things actually cold are hurtful to the Eyes But note that all such remedies must be applyed warm both that they may the better penetrate by their moderate heat as also for that all actual cold things are hurtful to the eyes and sight because they dull the sight by incrustating the visive spirits For I have knnown many who have become dull of sight by the frequent using of medicines actually cold to the eyes I have on the contrary seen not a few who have recovered with the fit use of such like medicines who have had any part of their eye so it were not the pupilla or apple of the eye so pricked with a needle or bodkin that much of the waterish humor ran forth thereat Anodyne medicines for the Eyes The milk of a woman which suckles a girl for that is reputed the cooler mitigates pain and cienses if it be milked out of the dug into the eye to which propose also the bloud of turtles pgeons or chickens much much conduces being dropt into the eye by opening a vein under their wings Also this following cataplasm asswageth pain and inflammation and hinders defluxion being applyed to the eye and the adjacent parts â„ž Carnis pomorum sub cinâ—re calido decoctorum â„¥ v. vitel â—vorum num iij. cassiae fistulae recenter extractae â„¥ ss mucaginis psilii altheae cydon an â„¥ i. farin hordei parum incorporentur omnia simul fiat cataplasma Also Sheeps Lungs boyled in Milk and applyed warm and changed as they grow cold are good to asswage pain But if the too violent heat and pain shall not yield to such medicines but require more vehement Narcoticks then Foliorum Hyoscyami m. j. sub cineribus coquatur atque in mortario cum mucagine seminis psilii cydonior extract in aquis solani plantag pistetur then let this medicine be wrapped in a linnen cloth and applyed to the Eyes and Temples The mucilages of Psilium or Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in a decoction of Poppy-heads and mixed with a little Opium and rose-Rose-water are used for the same purpose But when there is need of detergent and sarcotick medicines then â„ž Syrup rosar siccat â„¥ i. aq faenic rutae an Ê’ ij aloes lotae olibani an â„¥ ss mix them for the foresaid use The galls of Scates Hares and Partridges dissolved in Eye-bright and Fennil-water are fit for clensing such wounds as also this following Collyruim â„ž Aquae hordei â„¥ j. Detergent medicines mellis despumati Ê’ iij. Aloes ter lotae in aqua plantaginis sacchari cand an Ê’ j fiat collyrium Also this insuing medicine is very sarcotick â„ž Mucagin gummi olibani arabici tragacanth sarcocol A sarcotick medicine for the eyes in aq hordei extract an Ê’ iij. aloes ter lotae in aq rosarum Ê’ j. cerus ustae lotae tutiae praepar an Ê’ss fiat collyrium But here you must note that the coat Adnota often swells so much by reason of a wound or some other injury and stands so forth by the falling down of humors access and mixture of flatulencies that it hides the whole Pupilla and hangs forth of the Eye-lids like as if it were an unnatural fleshy excrescence and it loses the native colour and looks very red so that the Eye can neither be shut nor opened Wherewith a young Chirurgeon being deceived determined to cut away this protuberancy of the Adnata as though it had been some superfluous flesh and then to waste it with cathaeretick powders had I not forbidden him telling him of the certain danger of blindness which would thereupon befal the Patient Wherefore I prescribed a fomentation of Chamomil Melilote Rose-leaves Wormwood Rue Fennil and Aniseeds boyled in Milk with the roots of Oris and Marigolds Then I presently added this following Fomentation being more powerful and drying â„ž Nucis cupressi gallar balaust an â„¥ i. plantag absinth hippuris flo chamaem ros rub A drying fomentation an M ss bulliant simul cum aqua fabrorum fiat decoctum pro fotu cum spongia Besides also you may apply a cataplasm made of Barly and Bean-flour the powders of Mastick Myrrhe and Aloes and some of the last described decoction The tumor beginning to decline I dropt the flowing liquor into the Eye which hath a very astringent drying and strengthening faculty Roast a new laid Egge in Embers until it be hard then pill off the shell take forth the yolk and in place thereof put a scruple of Roman Vitriol in fine powder then put it in a linnen cloth and wring it hard forth into some clean thing and drop thereof for some dayes into the Eye with a little Smiths-water wherein Sumach and Rose-leaves have been boyled I have found by experience the certain force of this remedy but if notwithstanding there be a true fleshy excrescence upon the coat Adnata it may be taken away by this following powder â„ž Ossis sepiae testae ovorum calcinatae an Ê’ j. fiat pulvis Calcined Vitriol burnt Alum A medicine to consume a fleshy excrescence without out biting and the like may be commodiously used to this purpose Yet you must warily make use of all such things and always lay repercussives about the Eye that no harm insue thereof For divers times acrid humors fall down into the Eye with such violence that they break the Horney-coat whereupon the humors of the Eye are poured out Remember also that in diseases of the Eyes the Patient lye with his head somewhat high and that he keep shut not only the pained but also the sound Eye because rest is always necessary for the grieved part But one Eye cannot be moved without some motion of the other by reason of the connexion they have by their optick and moving nerves both the Meninges and the Pericranium Veins and Arteries which is the cause that when the one suffers the other in some sort partakes therewith But if we cannot prevail by all these formerly prescribed medicines fit to stay the defluxion A Seton a good remedy against in veterate defluxions into the eyes then it remains that we apply a Seton to the neck for it is a singular remedy against inveterate defluxions into
heat is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgeon that when by the fore-mentioned signs he shall find the Gangrene present that he do not defer the amputation for that he finds some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft-times the affected parts are in this case moved not by the motion of the whole muscle but only by means that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangrene which moving its self by its own strength also moves its proper and continued tendon and tail though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such cases CHAP. XIV Of the Prognosticks in Gangrenes HAving given you the signs and causes to know a Gengrene it is fit we also give you the prognosticks The fierceness and the malignity thereof is so great that unless it be most speedily withstood the part it self will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath been the cause that a Gangrene by many hath been termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creeps out like poyson Why a Gangrene is called Esthiomenos and like fire eats gnaws and destroys all the neighbouring parts until it hath spread over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i. there is no proportion between the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unless that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death The quick impatient of the dead a cold sweat flows over all their bodies they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raised from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the Bowels and principal parts by the Veins Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the Patient then make haste to fall to your work CHAP. XV. Of the General cure of a Gangrene Various Indications of curing a Gangrene THe Indications of curing Gangrenes are to be drawn from their differences for then cure must be diversly instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangrenes possess the whole member others only some portion thereof some are deep othersome superficial only Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodies as of Children Women Eunuchs and idle persons require much milder medicins than those who by nature and custom or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as Husbandmen Labourers Mariners Huntsmen Porters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly What parts soonest taken â—old by a Gangrene Neither must you have respect to the body in general but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solid as the nerves and joynts or more solid as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moist parts as the privities mouth womb and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrefaction wherefore we must use more speedy means to help them Wherefore if the Gangrene be chiefly occasioned from an internal cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the six things not natural If the body be plethorick or full of ill humors you must purge or let bloud by the advice of a Physitian Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must chiefly be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrel or carduus-Carduus-water with a bole of Mithridate the Conserve of Roses and Bugloss and with Opiâ—tes made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart A cordial Epithema â„ž Aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. câ—rallorum santalorum alborum rulrorum rosar rub in pulver redactarum spodii an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ ij ss trochiscorum de CaphuraÊ’ ij flor cardial in pollin redactarum p. ij creciÊ’ j. Ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a Scarlet-cloth or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangrene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangrene THe cure of a Gangrene caused by the too plentiful and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heat by reason of great Phlegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors The cure of a Gangrene made by inflammation which putrefie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great in differeâ—s small deep and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangrene are much commenâ—â—d that so the burdened part may injoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humorâ— of difflation or evacuation of their sooty excrements Let Incisions be made when the â—ffeâ—◠〈◊〉 deep in and neer to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first 〈◊〉 to putrefie for the greatness of the remedy must answer in proportion to that of the disâ—â—â—â— Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will be fit to cut the skin and flesh with mâ—â—â—â—â—d deep Incisions with an Incision-knife made for that purpose yet take heed of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unless they be wholly putrefied for if they be not yet putrefied you shall make your Incisions in the spaces between them if the Gangrene be less we must rest satisfied with only scarifying it When the Scarifications and Incisions are made we must suffer 〈◊〉 bloud to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may be evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicins as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by piercing to the bottom may have power to overcome the virulency already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the Lye of the Ashes of Fig-tree or Oak wherein Lupins have been throughly boyled are good Or you may with less trouble make a medicine with salt-Salt-water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae The description of an Aegyptiacum for Aqua vitae and calcined Vitriol are singular medicins for a Gangrene Or â„ž acet optmi lb j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. lulliant simul adde aqua vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to repress Gangrenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the Incisions for there is no medicine more powerful against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putrid flesh from the sound But we must not in
performed a silver pipe shall bee put through the wound into the bladder whereof I have here given you divers forms that you may take your choice and so fit them to the wounds and not â—he wounds to them which oft-times in want of instruments the Surgeons are forced to do to the great harm of the patient Silver pipes to bee put in the bladder when the stone is drawn out These must have no holes in their sides as those here expressed but only in their ends that all the matter of the wound and the filth gathered and concrete in the bladder may flow and bee carried forth this way When cleer urine shall begin to flow out of the wound there shall bee no more need of a pipe therefore if you continue it and keâ—p it longer in the wound there is som danger least nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the Vrethra or urinarie passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts near to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the pain â„ž album ovorum an iii. pulboli armeni A repercussive medicine sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALl things which wee have recited beeing faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oat chaff to drink up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillows Remedies for the Cod least it gangrenate that thay may bee changed as need shall require Somtimes after the drawing forth of the stone the blood in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unless you bee careful to provide against with discussing drying and consumeing medicines it is to bee feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if anie accident happen in cureing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After som few daies a warm injection shall bee cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night shade and roses with a little syrup of dried roses It will help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it somtimes happen's that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of blood and other impuritie may fall into the urinarie passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for som dais into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision What things hasten the union YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloodie wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder beeing taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lie cross-legged keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day bee past Hee must wholly abstain from wine unless it bee verse weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and suger or boiled water mixed with syrrups of dried roses maidenhair and the like Let his meat bee panado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds purslain sorrel borage spinage and the like If hee bee bound in his belly a Physician shall bee called who may help it by appointing either Cassia a glyster or som other kinde of medicines as hee shall think good CHAP. LVI What cure is to bee used to Vlcers when as the urine flow's through them long after the stone is drawn out MAnie after the stone is drawn out cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flow's out this way continually by little and little and against the patient's wil dureing the rest of his life unless the Surgeon help it How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer Therefore the callous lips of the wound must bee amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tied up bound with the instrument wee term a Retinaculum or stay this must bee perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall bee thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh shall bee knit about it then glutinative medicines shall bee applied such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis draconis bole armenick and the like after five or six daies the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remain but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or stay A. shew's the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bigness of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay bee wanting you may conjoin the lips of the wound What to do in want of a stay after this following manner Put two quills somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles haveing thred in them takeing hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thred upon them For thus the wound shall bee agglutinated and the fleshie lips of the wound kept from beeing torn which would bee in danger if the needle and thred were onely used CHAP. LVII How to take stones out of women's bladders WE know by the same signs that the stone is in a woman's bladder as wee do in a man's yet it is far more easily searched by a Catheter How to search for the stone in women for that the neck of the bladder is the shorter broader and the more straight Wherefore it may not onely bee found by a Catheter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the neck of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placeing the sick woman in the same posture as wee mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observ that maids yonger then seven yeers old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the womb without great violence Therefore the stone must bee drawn from them by the same means as from boies to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone beeing found out and the lower bellie also pressed with the other hand it must bee brought to the neck of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned means Yet if the riper yeers of the patient permit it to bee don without violence the whole work shall bee more easily and happily performed by putting the
luc lb. ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat distillatio lento ignae in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall perform let the patient take it four hours before meat Also radish-radish-water distilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good success Baths and sem cupia or halt baths are artificially made Why the use of diureticks is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder relax soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diureticks mixed wtih half a dram of treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder Syrup of maiden-hair of â—oses taken in quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barlie-water Asses or Goats-milk are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their serous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their chees-life They must be taken warm from the dug with hony of roses or a little salt least they corrupt in the stomach and that to the quantity of four ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochises are also good for the same purpose Trochisces to heal the ulcers of the kidnies â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulâ—cae-plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth arab pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucilag psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. bâ—â— armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terrae sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ ss dissolved in whay ptisan barlie-barlie-water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved in plantain-water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstain from wine and instead thereof let him use barlie-barlie-water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the Sun Drink instead of wine stoned and boiled in five pints of fair water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glass untill one pint be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boiled a little more be strained through an hypocras bag with a quartern of sugar and two drams of choice cinnamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usual drink CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilitie to hold the Vrine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunk the urine is presently made in great plentie What Diabete is by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reins and the depravation or immoderation of the attractive faculty The external causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diuretick things and all more violent and vehement exercises The causes The internal causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidnies and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of the morbifick causes by urine Signs The loins in this disease are molested with a pricking and biteing pain and there is a continual and unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper Why the urines are watrish yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomach liver and hollow vein being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidnies or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certain death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feeds the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the four cold seeds for although they may profit by their first qualitie The cure yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must be used and such as generate gross humors as rice thick and astringent wine mixed with much water Narcotick things to be applied to the loins Exceeding cold yea narcotick things shall be applied to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kinde are oil of white poppie henbane opium purslain and lettuce-seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasms plasters and ointments may be made fit to corroborate the parts and correct and heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangurie What the Strangurie is THe Strangurie is an affect haveing some affinitie with the Diabete as that wherein the water is involuntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with pain The causes The external causes of a strangurie are the too abundant drinking of cold water and all too long stay in a cold place The internal causes are the defluxion of cold humors into the urinarie parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also and all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegm gravel and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this disease diverse medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therefore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. roses origanum calamint and the like and so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oil of bays and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drink and that not only in this cause but also when the strangurie happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a gross and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethorick But if inflammation together with a Plethora oâ— fulness hath caused this affect we may according to Galens advice Ad aphor 48. sect 7. heal it by blood-letting But if obstruction be in fault that shall be taken away by diureticks either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speak of the Dysuria or difficultie of making water because the remedies are in general the same with those which are used in the Ischuriae or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholick WHensoever the guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth and if the fault be in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos and Miserere mei but if it be in
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâ—aling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde â—he sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâ—is or a little desiâ—catâ—vum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an â„¥ iiii To help the unsightly scarâ— of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
thereof taken inwardly is very effectual in this case as Aetius affirms To the same purpose you may with good success make a lotion and friction with mustard dissolved in urine or vinegar leaving upon the wound a double cloth moistened in the same decoction lastly all acrid biting and very attractive medicines are convenient in this case Wherefore some apply rocket boiled and beaten with butter and salt others take the flower of Orobus and temper it with hony salt and vinegar and apply it hot Hors-dung boiled in sharp vinegar or brimstone beaten to powder and tempered with ones spittle is good Also black pitch melted with some salt and a little Euphorbium mixed therewith and so applied is good Some write that the hairs of the dog whose bite caused the madness applied by themselves by their sympathy or similitude of substance draw the venom from within outwards for so a Scorpion beaten and applied to the place whereas it stung by drawing out the poison that it sent in restores the patient to health both these by often experience are affirmed to have certain event Others chaw unground wheat and lay it upon the wound others rost beans under hot embers then husk them and cleave them and so apply them The force of Docks Also the wound may be wholsomly washed and fomented with a decoction of Docks and then the herb beaten may be applied thereto also the patient may drink the decoction and by this one remedy Aetius affirms that he hath recovered divers for thus it moves urine plentifully which is thought much to conduce to the cure of this disease There be some who apply the leaves of betony and nettles beaten with common salt others make a medicine to the same purpose and after the same manner of an Onion the leaves of rue and salt Yet the rest are exceeded by treacle dissolved in aqua vitae or strong wine and rubbed hard upon the part so that the blood may follow laying upon the wound when you have wiped it cloths dipped in the same medicine then presently apply garlick or onions beaten with common salt and turpentine by this only remedy I freed one of the daughters of Madamoisella de Gron from the symptoms of madness An history and healed the wound when as a mad dog had bit her grievously in the calf of the right leg Also it is good presently to eat garlick with bread and then to drink after it a draught of good wine for garlick by its spirituous heat will defend the noble parts from poison There be some who wish to eat the rosted liver of the dog that hurt them or else the liver of a goat of which remedies as yet I have had no experience Others prescribe a dram of the seeds of Agnus castus to be drunk with wine and butter Others the powder of river-crabs burnt and drunk in wine Or â„ž rad gent. Ê’ii astacorum fluviat in fumo combust in pollinem redact Ê’iii terrae sigil â„¥ ss misce Give Ê’i of this same powder in the decoction of river-crabs and let them drink thereof oft at sundry times Many have cast themselves into the sea neither have they thence had any help against madness as Ferrand Pozet the Cardinal testifieth in his book of poisons Leaping into the sea no certain remedy against madness wherefore you must not rely upon that remedy but rather you must have recourse to such things as are set in the books of Physicians and approved by certain and manifold experience But seeing that no poison can kill unless it be taken or admitted into the body we must not fear any harm by sprinkling our bodies with the sanies of a mad dog viper toad or any other such like venemous creature if so be that it be presently wiped or washed clean away CHAP. XV. What cure must be used to such as fear the water but yet are able to know themselves in a glass SUch as have not their animal faculty as yet orecome by the malignity of the rageing venom must have strong purgations given them Wherefore if in any case Antimony be useful The force of Antimony against madness then is it in this as that which causeth sweats looseth the belly and procures vomiting For it is a part of extreme and dangerous madness to hope to overcome the cruel malignity of this poison already admitted into the bowels by gentle purging medicines Assuredly such and so great danger is never overcome without danger Baths also conduce which may disperse and draw forth the poison by causing sweats Also many and frequent treacle-potions are good to retund the venom and strengthen the bowels also it will be fitting to give them water and all other liquid things which they so much abhor in a cup with a cover Alwaies let such as are poisoned or stung or bitten by a mad dog or other venomous beast keep themselves in some warm and light place that the poison which by coldness is forced in may be the readil yet drawn out by the means of heat and the spirits be recreated by the brightness of the air and therefore move from the center to the circumference of the body and let the room be perfumed with sweet things To eat very hot and salt things presently at the beginning as onions leeks all spiced meats and strong wine not allaied seem not to be besides reason because such things by their spirituous heat hinder the diffusion of the poison over the body and strengthen the filled entrails There be some also that would have them to feed upon gross and viscous meats which by obstructing the vessels may hinder the passage of the poison to the heart and other parts and by the same reason it will be better to fill themselves with meat to satiety then otherwise because the malignity of humors is encreased by hunger then which nothing can be more harmful to venomous wounds Yet within a short while after as within five or six daies they must return to a mediocrity and use all things temperate boiled meats rather then rosted and that in a decoction of opening things so to move urine Lastly they must keep such a diet as melancholick persons ought to do neither shall they let blood left so the poison should be further drawn into the veins but it is good that the patients body be soluble from the very first Let their drink be wine indifferently allaied with water oxymel simplex or the syrup of the juice of Citron with boiled water or else this following Julip â„ž succi limonum malorum citri an â„¥ ss suc gran acid â„¥ ii aquae acetosae min ros an â„¥ i. aq font coct quantum sufficit fiat Julep ut artis est Why sleep is hurtful to such as are bitten by a mad dog and all such as are poisoned Sleep is to be avoided untill the force of the poison is abated for by sleep the humors flow back
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâ—ated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of rose-Rose-water or sorrel-Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâ—ectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of rose-Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in rose-Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
may be given Clysters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water half a pirate oil of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantain and Purslain or rather of their juice three ounces of Camphire seven grains and the whites of three eggs make thereof a Clyster The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the hair being first shaved away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheeps-lungs taken warm out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warm Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applied to the neck and shoulder-blades The arms and legs must be strongly bound being first well rubbed to divert the sharp vapors and humors from the head Frontals may also be made on this manner Take of the oil of Rose and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oil of Poppy half an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire half a dram mix them together Also Nodulaes may be made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrags beaten in Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applied to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasms also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in rose-Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meal four ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each half an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and purslain of each two ounces A Cataplasm of the water and vinegar of Roses of each ounces make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm to the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce of water-Lillies Henbane purslain of each half a pinte of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each half an ounce oil of Roses three ounces of vinegar two ounces of Barlie-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis When the heat of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflamtion of the brain asswaged we must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in pain of the head they do use to binde the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must be avoided CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidneyes THe heat of the kidnies tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galeni newly made adding thereto the whites of eggs well beaten that so the ointment may keep moist the longer let this liniment be renewed every quarter of an hour wiping away the reliques â—â—â—e old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss succi plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii An ointment for the reins acetires â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have annointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like old herbs and then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate and wrung out again and often changed the patient shall not lie upon a fether-bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaff of Oats or upon a Mat with many doubted cloaths or Chamlet spread thereon An ointment for the heart To the region of the heart may in the mean time he applied a refrigerating and alexiterial medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nonupharini â„¥ i. acet ros aq ros an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed otgether make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth maybe applied to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriaca opt Ê’i ss The noise of dropping water draws on sleep succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ss camphurae croci an grain iii. let them be all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewer or cock with a basin under it to receive the water which by the dropping may resemble rain Let the soles of the feet and palms of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lie far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THe skin in pestilent Fevers The differences of the spots in the Plague is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in form like unto a grain of miller The more spots appear the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulencie of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow brown violet or purple blew and black Their several names and the reasons of them And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore we call them purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and form of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i. Butterflies because they do suddenly seize or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflies somtimes the face sometimes the arms and legs and sometimes all the whole body oftentimes they do not only affect the upper part of the skin but go deeper into the flesh When signs of death specially when they proceed matter that is gross and adust They do sometimes appear great and broad affecting the whole arm leg or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humor that offends in quantity or quality If they are of a purple or black colour with often swounding and sink in suddenly without any manifest cause they fore-shew death The cause of the breaking out of those Spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venom receieed or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent Fever many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humors in the bodie that neither the sores nor carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as fore-runners of death Somtimes they break out alone without a botch or carbuncle which if they be red and have no evil symptoms joyned with them they are not went to prove deadly they appear for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimeslater and sometimes they appear not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Why they sometimes appear after the death of the patient Wherefore then principally the putrid heat which is greatest a little
notwihstanding will suddenly bring the patient to destruction like those that are black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kinds of tumors CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appears apply a Cupping-glass with a great flame unto it The use of cupping-glasses in curing of a Bubo unless it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skin must be anointed with the oil of Lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glass may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to stick to the part for the space of a quarter of an hour and be renewed and applied again every three quarters of an hour for so at length the venom should be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak the work of suppuration or resolution which so ever nature hath assailed will the better and sooner be absolved and perfected which may be also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Vnguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a half oil of Scorpions half an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae half a dram this liniment will very well relax and loosen the skin open the pores thereof and spend forth portion of the matter which the Cupping-glass hath drawn thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may be made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A visicatory applyed in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above A liniment as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder blade on the same side if it be in the arm-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arm or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venom is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsmart Bear-foot Briony the middle bark of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-power are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each half a dram A compound vesicatory of sower leaven two drams of Mustard one dram and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restrain the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oil or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coal on the place for so you may raise blisters which must presently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open and flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red-colworts Beets or Ivy dipped in warm water and annointed with oil or fresh butter Some apply Cauteries Why vesicatories are better then cauteries in a pestilent Bubo but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may die therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venom because that doth work rather by its quality then by its quantity Let the abscess be fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue Strong drawing cataplasmes then rost it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines-grease and so apply it warm unto the abscess or sore let it be changed every six hours Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each half a pound of Line Fenugreek and mustard-seeds of each half an ounce of Treacle one dram ten Figs and as much Hogs-grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasm according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlick rosted in the Embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sowr leaven adding thereto Vnguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dram Mithridate half a dram of old Hogs-grease one ounce of Cantharides in powder one scruple of Pigeons-dung two drams beat them and mix them together into the form of a cataplasm Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therefore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these until the abscess be grown unto its full ripeness and bigness but it presently after the beginning there be great inflammation with sharp pain as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles we must abstain from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplastick and clammy because they do altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter then the part can bear whereof cometh rather corruption then maturation and last of all because they increase the fever and pain which infer the danger of a Convulsion or mortal Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate local medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sortel rosted under the coals Galen's pultise and such like Against such as cut away Plague-sores There are many that for fear of death have with their own hands pulled away the Bubo with a pair of Smiths-pincets others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their own hand that the venom might have a passage forth of all which I do not allow one for such abscesses do not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means increased and the humor is made more malign and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relax open the pores of the skin and digest portion of the venom by transpiration A digestive fomentaâ—ion as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each six ounces of Camomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful of Lin-seeds half an ounce of the leaves of Rue half an handful boil them and strain them dip sponges in the straining An anodyne Cataplasm and therewith let the tumor be fomented along time Or take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with Aqua-vitae and Cows-milk or Goats-milk and the yelks of three Eggs put them all on stupes or flax and apply them warm unto the place Or take of sowr Rie-leaven
decoction of Quince Medlars Cervices Mulberries Bramble-berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and wast the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrup of red Currants Ointments jul p of Roses and the like Let the region of the stomach and belly be annointed with oil of Mastich Moschatelium Myrtles and Quince Also cut of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and rose-Rose-water may be profitably applied or else a cataplasm of red Roses Sumach Berberâ—es Myrtles the pulp oâ— Quinces Mastich Bean-flower and hony of Roses made up with Calideate-water Clyster to stay a flux Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing Clysters shall be injected These following retund the acrimony of humors and asswage pain â„ž fol. lâ—ctuc hyâ—sc aceâ—â—s pâ—riuâ—an m. i. fter violâ—r nenuph. an â„¥ i ss fiâ—t clyster Or else â„ž râ—s rut hâ—râ— muna sem piant an p. i. fiat de câ—ctio in câ—â—atura â—ade â—â—e râ—s â„¥ ii vite â—vâ—r ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis câ—pi crur. viteâ—â—â— câ—pit vâ—rvicin unà cum pelle lb. ii in qua â—â—quantur fol. violâ—r mâ—â—iv mercur planteg an m i. hâ—ra mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major â„¥ ss in coâ—â—turae lb ss dissolvâ— câ—ss reventer exirâ—ct â„¥ i. ol vici â„¥ iv vitell r. over ii sacc rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž far chamam meâ—â—neth in p. â— rad lismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturâ—â—â—dde mucâ—g sem lin faenugraexiract in aquâ maâ—v â„¥ ii saccar rub â„¥ â— olei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss vitellâ—r â—ver ii fiat clyster Such Clysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate pain When shaving of the guts appear in the stools it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then we must use detergent and consolidating glysters A Clyster for uâ—ceraced guts as this which follows â„ž herdei integr p. ii râ—s ruâ— fâ—r chamoem plantag â—pit an p. i. fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve melits rasat syr de a. sinth an â„¥ ss viteâ— â—ver ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinea pertulac an â„¥ ii â— â—mâ—n sarg aracâ—n â—myl an Ê’i seâ—i hiâ—cini dissoluti Ê’ii fiat câ—yster Also Cows-milk boiled with Plantain A very astringent Clyster and mixed with syrup of Roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plantpolygon an m. i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in calaturâ adde boli armen sâ—gil sang dracen Ê’ii aellumina quatuor over fiat clyster Or. else â„ž suc plant arnâ—glâ—s câ—ntined partulac residentia fâ—cta depura crum quantumufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armani terrae sigil sang dracon anÊ’i cl myrrh rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of Pomegranat-pils of Cypress-nuts red Rose leaves Sumâ—ch Alum and Vitriol made with Smiths water and so made into glysters without any oil It will be good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly A nourishing C yster Astringent Clysters ought not to be used before that the noxious humors be drawn away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient be so weak that he cannot take or swallow any thing by the mouth nutritive glysters may be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis crur. vitulini coct cum acetosa buglossâ— beragiâ— lactuca pimpinellâ â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitâ—llos overum nu iii. saccarirosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recenâ—is non sality Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration Tumors are oft-â—imes discussed by the force of nature after they are suppurated THe pestilent malignity as it is oft-times drawn by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft-times it is sent forth invisibly the same way again For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humors attenuate into vapours and air through the unperceiveable breathing-places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumors and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft-times resolved and discussed by the only efficacy of nature and heat without any help of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalant may free it self from the pestilent malignity by transpiration some Abscess Bubo or carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certain part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerful and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must be cured after another order then is yet described The Nurse of the sucking Childe must govern her self so in diet and the use of medicines The nurs must be dieted when as the childe is sick as if shee were infected with the pestilence her self Her diet consisteth in the use of the six things not natural Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in diet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milk and so unto the infant that liveth by the milk And the Infant it self must keep the same diet as near as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoiding of superfluous humors and excrements of the body Let the narse be fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the severish heat as cooling broths cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholly abstain from wine and annoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the Infant suck with water or juice of Sorrel tempered with Sugar of Roses But the Infants heart must be fortified against the violence of the increasing venom by giving it one scruple of Treacle in Nurses milk the broth of a Pallet or some other cordial water It is also very necessary to annoint the region of the heart the emanctories and both the wrists with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle dissolved in Rose-water vinegar of Roses and a little Aqua vitae that so nature may be strengthened against the malignity of the venom When the children are weaned and somewhat well grown they may take medicines by the mouth Medicines may be given to such as are weaned for when they are able to concoct and turn into blood meats that are more gross and firm then milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve
oftentimes observed in the night by the light of the Moon to be practising and conning what he learnt of his Master in the day-time For they were wont to be taught to make Letters and also to present Garlands to the Spectators and other such like tricks But they can never be brought to go aboard a Ship to be carryed over the Sea into any strange Land unless their Master give them his word to assure them that they shall return again to their own native soil They never hurt any one that doth not first provoke them They never gender but in private out of sight an argument of their modesty Of the Lamprey LEst that the heat of affection may seem to lie quenched under the waters let us by one example it were an infinite thing to speak of all see in what kind of mutual love the creatures of the water come short of those of the Land The Lamprey of all the creatures of this kind doth worthily bear the praise for its piety towards those of whom it was generated its affection towards those that are generated of her for first she breeds Eggs within her which in a short time after are spawned But she doth not as soon as her young ones are formed and procreated bring them straight-way forth into the light after the manner of other fishes that bring forth their young alive but nourisheth two within her as if she brought forth twice and had a second brood These she doth not put forth before they are of some bigness then she teacheth them to swim and to play in the water but suffers them not to go far from her and anon gapes and receives them by her mouth into her bowels again suffering them to inhabit there and to feed in her belly so long as she thinks fit The savage or brute Beasts may be made tame Cosâ—â—gâ—â—ph Tim. 2. lib. 19. cap. 7. THâ— reporteth that the Emperor of the Turks hath at Caire it was once called Memphis and at Constantinople many savage Beasts kept for his delight as Lions Tigers Leopards Antilopes Camels Elephants Porcupines and many other of this kind These they use to lead about the City to shew The Masters of them are girt with a girdle hung about with little bels that by the noise of these Bels the people may be fore-warned to keep themselves from being hurt by these Beasts But in hope of reward and of gifts they shew them to Ambassadors of strange Nations before whom they make these Beasts do a thousand very delightful tricks and in the interim they play their Countrey tunes and Musick upon their Pipes and other Instruments and make many sports in hope of gain That Fishes also may be tamed BUt it is far more wonderful that the creatures of the water should be made tame and be taught by the art of man Among which the chiefest are held to be the Eel The same things also are reported of the Lamprey For we have it recorded that Marcus Crassus had a Lamprey in his Fish-pool that was so tame and so well taught that he could command her at his pleasure Therefore as a domestical and tame Beast he gave her a name by which when he called her she would come And when this Lamprey dyed he mourned for her in black as if she had been his daughter Which when his colleague Cneus Dâ—micius objected to him by way of reproach he replying told him That he had buryed three wives and had mourned for none of all them three Of the Lyon the Ichâ—umâ—n and those other Beasts which are not easily terrified The providence of the Lion in his going THe Lion when he goes hath his claws alwayes clutched and as it were put up in their sheaths not only because he would leave no mark in his feet whereby he may be traced and so taken but because by continual walking he should wear off and blunt the points of his claws Bâ—ls when they fight charge one another with their horns and like valiant Souldiers provoke and animate one another to the battail The Ichneâ—mon seems to imitate the most valiant Souldier in his preparation and access to battail for he bedawâ—s himself with mud and doth as it were buckle and make tite his armor especially when he is to encounter with the Crocodile who although he be a vast Beast is put to flâ—ght by this little creature The greatest are testified by the least And this truly hath been observed to be by the singular Providence of Nature that the most vast creatures are terrified by the least things and such from whence there can arise no danger so they say the Elephant doth startle at the granting of a Hog and the Lion at the crowing of a Cock although it be reported of the Lion that no fear can make him turn his face These kind of fears terrors and affrightments arising upon light and most ridiculous occasions we find as well in the ancient as modern Histories of our times to have dispersed and put to flight mighty legions of Souldiers and most potent Armies That men were taught by Beasts to polish and to whet their weapons and to lye in ambuâ—h Souldiers are careful to keep their weapons from rust and therefore they carry them to the Armorers to be polished But in this care many Beasts are nothing inferior unto them for Boars whet their tusks against they fight And the Elephant knowing that one of his teeth is doubled with digging at the roots of trees to get meat keepeth the other sharp and touches nothing with it preserving it for his combat with the RHINOCEROT his Enemy But the craft of the Rhinocerot is very remarkable that being in continual enmity with the Elephant at the time when he prepares for the battail The craft of the Rhinocerot about to fight with the Elephant he whets his horn against a Rock as if it were with a Whetstone nor if he can chuse will he strike any other part of the Elephant but the belly because he knows that part of the Elephant is so tender that it may be easily pierced This Beast is in length equal to the Elephant but in height he is inferior unto him by reason of the shortness of his feet he is of a palish yellow colour and full of many spots Of Cocks Cocks are kingly and martial Birds COcks are Kingly Birds and therefore Nature hath adorned them with a Comb as with a Princely Diadem and wheresoever they come their magnanimity and courage makes them Kings They fight with their beaks and their spurs and with their martial voyce they fright the Lion who is otherwise the King of Beasts Of Conies Conies have taught us undermining COnies have taught us the art of Undermining the Earth whereby the most lofty Cities and Structures reaching to the very skies are by taking away their foundation levelled with the ground Marcus Varro writes that in Spain there was a Town and that
and pain also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternatural heat And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilst it suppurates because the veins The cause of a beating pain in a Phlegmon arteries and nerves are much being they are not only heated within by the influx of the fervid humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the pain comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetual motion of their systole diastole whilst they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating pain Hereunto add The Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater need to seek refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Air wherefore they must as of necessity have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Comm. ad Aph. 21. sect 7. Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen An agitation of the arteries painful and sensible to the Patient himself for otherwise as long as we are in health we do not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsifick pain in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heat and abundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their systole and diastole and the compression and straitning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent partts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in pain Hence they commonly say that in the part affected with a Phlegmon they feel as it were Another kind of Pulsation in a Phlegmon the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heat in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilst it flows more plentifully into the part is as it were trodden or thrust down and causes obstruction from whence necessarily follows a prohibition of transpiration and putrefaction of the bloud by reason of the preternatural heat But the Phlegmon looks red by reason of the bloud contained it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skin CHAP. VIII Of the Causes and Signs of a Phlegmon THe Causes of a Phlegmon are of three kinds for some are primitive some antecedent The Primitive causes of a Phlegmon The Antecedent and Conjunct and some conjunct Primitive are falls contusions immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent Causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veins The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signs of a Phlegmon The signs of a Phlegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heat pain pulsation especially while it suppurates redness and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scirrhus or a Tumor like a Scirrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangrene that is when the faculty and native strength of the part affected is over-whelmed by the greatness of the defluxion Gal. l. de Tum as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgeon ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon What kind of diet must be prescribed in a Phlegmon THe Chirurgeon in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himself four intentions The first of D et This because a Phlegmon is a hot affect and causes a Feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the six things not natural that is air meat and drink motion and rest sleep and waking repletion inaninition and lastly the passions of the mind Therefore let him make choice of that air which is pure and clear not too moist for fear of defluxion but somewhat cool let him command meats which are moderately cool and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be Broths not too fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrel and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all Spices and also of Garlick and Onions and all things which heat the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drink small Wine and much allayed with water or if the Feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly sweet Almonds or Water and Sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custom of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of Wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies wax hot by motion but let him chiefly have a care that he do not exercise the part possessed by the Phlegmon for fear of a new defluxion Let his sleep be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleep by day specially presently after meat Let him have his belly soluble if not by Nature then by Art as by the frequent use of Clysters and Suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstain from venery How to divert the defluxion of humors This maner of diet thus prescribed we must come to the second scope that is the diversion of the defluxion which is performed by taking away its cause that is the fulness and illness of the humors Both which we may amend by purging and bloud-letting if the strength and age of the Patient permit The pain must be asswaged But if the part receiving be weak it must be strengthned with those things which by their astriction amend the openness of the passages the violence of the humor being drawn away by Cupping-glasses Frictions Ligatures But if pain trouble the part which is often the occasion of defluxion it must be mitigated by Medicines asswaging pain The third scope is to overcome the conjunct cause That we may attain to this we must enter into the consideration of the tumor according to its times that is the beginning increase state and declination When we must use repercussives For from hence the indications of variety of medicines must be drawn For in the beginning we use repercussives to drive away the
transpiration or by the moisture of the skin The unputrid Synochus or by a sweat natural gentle and not ill smelling to this Diary we may refer the unputrid Synochus generated of bloud not putrid but only heated beyond measure For usually there arises a great heat over all the body by means of the bloud immoderately heated whence the veins become more tâ—mid the face appears fiery the Eyes red and burning the breath hot and to conclude the whole habit of the body more full by reason of that ebullition of the bloud and the diffusion of the vapours thence arising over all the body Whence it is that this kind of Synochus may be called a vaporous Feaver To this Children are incident as also all sanguine bodies which have no ill humors The cure of this and the Ephemera or Diary is the same because it may scarse seem different from the Ephemera in any other thing than that it may be prolonged for three or four dayes Wherefore whatsoever we shall say for the cure of the Ephemera may be applyed to the Synochus bloud-letting excepted which in an unputrid Synochus is very necessary Now the cure of a Diary-Feaver consists in the decent use of things not natural The cure of a Diary Feaver contrary to the the cause of a disease wherefore bathes of warm and natural water are very profitable so that the Patient be not Plethorick nor stuft with excrements nor obnoxious to Catarrhs and defluxions because a Catarrh is easily caused and augmented by the humors diffused and dissolved by the heat of a Bath therefore in this case we must eschew frictions and anointing with warm Oil which things notwithstanding are thought very useful in these kinds of Feavers especially when they have their original from extreme labour by astriction of the skin or a Bubo Let this be a general rule that to every cause whence this Feaver proceeded you oppose the contrary for a remedy as to labour rest to watching sleep to anger and sorrow grateful society of friends and all things replenished with pleasant good will and to a Bubo the proper cure thereof The use of Wine in a Diary Wine moderately tempered with water according to the custom of the sick Patient is good and profitable in all causes of this Feaver except he be pained in his head or that the Feaver drew its original from anger or a Bubo for in this last case especially the patient must abstain wholly from Wine until the inflammation come to the state and begins to decline This kind of Feaver often troubles Infants and then you must prescribe such medicines to their Nurses as if they were sick that so by this means their milk may become medicinable Also it will be good to put the Infant himself into a Bath of natural and warm water and presently after the Bath to anoint the ridg of the Back and Brest with Oyl of Violets But if a Phlegmon possess any inward part or otherwise by its nature be great or seated near any principal Bowel so that it may continually send from it either a putrid matter or exhalation to the heart and not only affect it by a quality of preternatural heat by the continuity of the parts thence will arise the putrid Synochus if the blood by contagion putrefying in the greater vessels consists of one equal mixture of the four humors This Feaver is thus chiefly known How a putrid Synochus is caused it hath no exacerbations or remissions but much less intermissions it is extended beyond the space of twenty four hours neither doth it then end in vomit sweat moisture or by little and little insensible transpiration after the manner of intermitting Feavers or Agues but remains constant until it leaves the Patient for altogether it commonly happens not unless to those of a good temper and complexion which abound with much bloud and that tempered by an equal mixture of the four humors It commonly indures not long because the bloud by some peculiar putrefaction degenerating into Choler or Melancholy will presently bring forth another kind of Feaver to wit a Tertian or continued Quartain Phlebotomy necessary in a putrid Synochus The cure of this Feaver as I have heard of most learned Physitians chiefly consists in blood-letting For by letting of bloud the fulness is diminished and therefore the obstruction is taken away and lastly the putrefaction And seeing that in this kind of Feaver there is not only a fault of the matter by the putrefaction of the bloud but also of the Temper by excess of heat certainly Phlebotomy helps not only as we said the putrefaction but also the hot distemper For the bloud in which all the heat of the creature is contained whilst it is taken away the acrid and fuliginous excrements exhale and vanish away with it which kept in encrease the Feaverish heat Moreover the veins to shun emptiness which Nature abhors are filled with much cold air in stead of the hot bloud which was drawn away which follows a cooling of the habit of the whole body yea and many by means of Phlebotomy have their Bellies loosed and sweat both which are much to be desired in this kind of Feaver What benefit we may reap by drawing bloud even to fainting This moved the ancient Physitians to write that we must draw bloud in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their bloud it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much bloud at several times as the greatness of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may bear Why we must give a Clyster presently after bloud-letting When you have drawn bloud forthwith inject an emollient and refngerative Clyster lest that the veins emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these Clysters which cool too much rather bind the belly than loose it The following day the Morbisick matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle Purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrups which have not only a refrigerative quality When Syrrups profitable in this case but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrup of Limmons Berberries of the Juyce of Citrons of Pomgranates Sorrel and Vinegar Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much bloud let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heat much debilitated by drawing of great quantity of bloud cannot equal a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with Chicken and Veal Broths made with cooling Herbs as Sorrel Lettice and Purslin Let his drink be Barly-water Syrrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boyled water Julepum Alexandrium especially if he be troubled with scouring or lask But the Physitian must chiefly have regard to the fourth day for if then
Tertian a great pricking stretching or stiffness as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reason of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly and violently over all the body and the sensible membranous and nervous particles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heat becomes acrid the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quick and equal the tongue dry the Urin yellowish red and thin The Symptoms are watchings thirst The Symptomes talking idlely anger disquietness and tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholerick young men such as are lean Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit and in Summer after the fit oft-times follow cholerick vomiting and yellowish stools After the fit there follows an absolute intermission retaining no reliques of the Feaver until the approach of the following fit because all the cholerick matter by the force of that Fit and Nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity and facility whereas in Quotidians there is to such thing as which after the fit always leave in the body a sense and feeling of a certain inequality by reason of the stubbornness of the Phlegmatick humor and dulness to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 hours although at some time it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unless there be some error committed by the Physitian Patient or such as attend him Tertians in Summer are shorter in Winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanyed with stifness or stretching the state with sweat whereupon if the Nose Lips or Mouth break forth into pimples or scabs it is a sign of the end of the Feaver and of the power of Nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habit of the Body yet these pimples appear not in the declining of all Tertians but only then when the cholerick humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the Stomach or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion thereof carryed by the continuation of the inner coat to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes Pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the six things not natural The diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a tertian may use wine The time of feeding the Patient that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrel Gourds Cowcumbers Mallows Barly Creams Wine mâ—ch alla d with Water thin small and that sparingly and not before signs of concoction shall appear in the Urin for at the beginning he may not use Wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the Patient on that day the fit is expected he must eat nothing for three hours before the fit lest the Aguish heat lighting on such meats as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heat to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbifick humor yet we may temper the severity of this Law by having regard to the strength of the Patient for it will be convenient to feed a weak Patient not only before the fit but also in the fit it self but that only sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient When to purge the Patient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrin Myrobalanes Syrups of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinegar But if the powers of the Patient languish he must not only not be purged but also must not draw bloud too plenteously because Cholerick men soon faint by reason of the facile and easie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to Tertian Feavers do not commonly abound with bloud unless it be with Cholerick bloud which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as work by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats Vomit or Urin by reason of the subtlety of the Cholerick humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient Clysters made with a decoction of Prunes Jujubes Violets Bran and Barley will profit much If the Patient fall into a Delirium or talk idlely by reason of the heat and dryness of the head with a particular excess of the cholerick humor the Head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and Forehead and putting into the Nose Oyl of Violets Roses or Womans Milk Let the feet and legs be bathed in fair and warm water and the soles of the feet be anointed with Oyl of Violets and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willows Lettuce and other refrigerating things boiled in fair water may be profitably used three hours after meat eaten sparingly When the time is fit to use a Bath But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in general that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmness of the Bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordains a Bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and gross no evacuation going before What kinds of evacuations are most fit in a Tertian Also it will be good after general purgations to cause sweat by drinking white Wine thin and well tempered with water but Urin by a decocton of Smallage and Dill Certainly sweat is very laudable in every putrid Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweat may be laudable it is fit it be upon a critical day and be fore-shewed by signs of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly Sudorificks by things taken inwardly
Lastly all such as have the menstrual or haermorrhoidall blood suppressed or too immoderately flowing contrary to their custome either overwhelms diminisheth or extinguisheth the native heat no otherwise than fire which is suffocated by too great a quantity of wood or dieth and is extinguished for want thereof We must look for the same from the excrements of the belly or bladder cast forth either too sparingly or too immoderately Or by too large quantity of meats too cold and rashly devoured without any order To conclude by every default of external causes through which occasion error may happen in diet or exercise The Ascites is distinguished from the two other kinds of Dropsies The signs of an Ascites both by the magnitude of the efficient cause as also by the violence of the Symptoms as the dejected appetite thirst and swelling of the Abdomen And also when the body is moved or turned upon either side you may hear a sound as of the jogging of water in a vessel half full Lastly The Symptomes the humor is diversly driven upwards or downwards according to the turning of the body and compression of the Abdomen It also causeth various Symptoms by pressure of the parts to which it floweth For it causeth difficulty of breathing and the cough by pressing the Midriffe by sweating through into the capacity of the Chest it causeth like Symptoms as the Empyema Besides also the patients often seem as it were by the ebbing and flowing of the waterish humor one while to be carried to the skies and another whiles to be drowned in the water which I have learnt not by reading of any author but by the report of the Patients themselves But if these waterish humors be fallen down to the lower parts they suppress the excrements of the guts and bladder by pressing and straitning the passages When the patient lies on his back the tumor seems less because it is spread on both sides On the contrary when he stands or sits it seems greater for that all the humor is forced or driven into the lower belly whence he feels a heaviness in the Pecten or share The upper parts of the body fall away by defect of the blood fit for nourishment in quality and consistence but the lower parts swel by the flowing down of the serous and waterish humor to them The pulse is little quick and hard with tension This disease is of the kind of Chronical or long diseases wherefore it is scarce Prognosticks or never cured especially in those who have it from their mothers womb who have the Action of their stomach depraved and those who are cachectick and old and lastly all such as have the natural faculty languishing and faulty On the contrary young and strong men especially if they have no feaver and finally all who can endure labour and those exercises which are fit for curing this disease easily recover principally if they use a Physitian before the water which is gathered together do putrefie and infect the bowels by its contagion CHAP. XII Of the cure of the Dropsie THe beginning of the cure must be with gentle and milde medicins neither must we come to a Paracentesis unless we have formerly used and tried these Therefore it shall be the part of the Physitian to prescribe a drying diet and such medicines as carry away water Hip. lib. 4. de acut lib. de intern both by stool and urine Hippocrates ordains this powder for Hydropick persons â„ž Canthar ablatis capitib alis â„¥ ss comburantur in furno fiat pulvis of which administer two grains in white wine for nature helped by this and the like remedies hath not seldome been seen to have cured the Dropsie But that we may hasten the cure it will be available to stir up the native heat of the part by application of those medicines which have a discussing force as bags baths ointments Bags and Emplaisters Let bags be made of dry and harsh Bran Oats Salt Sulphur being made hot or for want of them of Sanders or Ashes often heated Bathes The more effectual baths are salt nitrous and sulphurous waters whether by nature or art that is prepared by the dissolution of salt nitre and Sulphur to which if Rue Marjoram the leaves of Fennel Liniments and tops of Dill of Stoechas and the like be added the business will goe better forwards Emplaisters Let the ointments be made of the oyl of Rue Dill Baies and Squills in which some Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain or Pepper have been boiled Let Plaisters be made of Frankincense Vesicatories Myrrh Turpentine Costus Bay-berries English Galengall hony the dung of Oxen Pigeons Goats Horses and the like which also may be applied by themselves If the disease continue we must come to Sinapisms and Bhoenigms that is to rubrifying and vesicatory medicines When the blisters are raised they must be anointed again that so the water may by little and little flow so long untill all the humor be exhausted and the patient restored to health Gal. lib. de facul natur 1. Galen writes the Husbandmen in Asia when they carried wheat out of the Country into the City in Carrs when they would steal away and not be taken hide some stone-jugs fill'd with water in the midst of the wheat for that will draw the moisture through the jugs into it self and encrease both the quantity and weight When certain pragmatical Physitians had read this they thought that wheat had force to draw out the water so that if any sick of the Dropsie should be buried in a heap of wheat it would draw out all the water Divers opinions of Paracentâ—sit or opening of the belly Reasons against it But if the Physitian shall profit nothing by these means he must come to the exquisitly chief remedy that is to Paracentesis Of which because the opinions of the ancient Physitians have been divers we will produce and explain them Those therefore which disallow Paracentesis conclude it dangerous for three reasons The first because by pouring out the contained water together with it you dissipate and resolve the spirits and consequently the natural vital and animal faculties Another opinion is because the Liver wanting the water by which formerly it was born up thence-forward hanging down by its weight depresseth and draweth downwards the midriffe and the whole Chest whence a dry cough and a difficulty of breathing proceed The third is because the substance of the Peritonaeum as that which is nervous cannot be pricked or cut without danger neither can that which is pricked or cut be easily agglutinated and united by reason of the spermatick and bloudlesse nature thereof Erasistratus moved by these reasons condemned Paracentesis as deadly also he perswaded that it was unprofitable for these following reasons viz. Because the water powred forth Erasistratus his Reasons against it doth not take away with it the cause of the Dropsie and
the distemper and hardness of the Liver and of the other Bowels whereby it comes to pass that by breeding new waters they may easily again fall into the Dropsie And then the feaver thirst the hot and drie distemper of the bowels all which were mitigated by the touch of the included water are aggravated by the absence thereof being powred forth which thing seemeth to have moved Avicen and Gordonius that he said none the other said very few lived after the Paracentesis but the refutation of all such reasons is very easie Reasons for it For for the first Galen inferrs that harmful dissipation of spirits and resolving the faculties happens when the Paracentesis is not diligently artificially performed As in which the water is presently powred forth truly if that reason have any validity Phlebotomy must seem to be removed far from the number of wholsome remedies as whereby the blood is poured forth which hath far more pure and subtil spirits than those which are said to be diffused and mixed with the Dropsie waters But that danger which the second reason threatens shall easily be avoided the patient being desired to lie upon his back in his bed for so the Liver will not hang down But for the third reason the fear of pricking the Peritonaeum is childish for those evils which follow upon wounds of the nervous parts happen by reason of the exquisit sense of the part which in the Peritonaeum ill affected altered by the contained water is either none or very small But reason and experience teach many nervous parts also the very membranes themselves being far removed from a fleshy substance being wounded admit cute certainly much more the Peritonaeum as that which adheres so straitly to the muscles of the Abdomen that the dissector cannot separate it from the flesh but with much labor But the reason which seems to argue the unprofitableness of Paracentesis is refelled by the authority of Celsus Lib. 3. cap. 21. I saith he am not ignorant that Erasistratus did not like Paracentesis for he thought the Dropsie to be a disease of the Liver and so that it must be cured and that the water was in vain let forth which the Liver being vitiated might grow again But first this is not the fault of this bowel alone and then although the water had his original from the Liver yet unless the water which stayeth there contrary to nature be evacuated it hurteth both the Liver and the rest of the inner parts whilst it either encreaseth their hardness or at the least keepeth it hard and yet notwithstanding it is fit the body be cured And although the once letting forth of the humor profit nothing yet it makes way for medicines which while it was there contained it hindered But this serous salt and corrupt humor is so far from being able to mitigate a feaver and thirst that on the contrary it increaseth them And also it augmenteth the cold distemper whilst by its abundance it overwhelms and extinguisheth the native heat But the authority of Celius Aurelianus that most noble Physitian though a Methodick may satisfie Avicen and Gordonius They saith he which dare avouch that all such as have the water let out by opening their belly have died do lie Lib. de morb Ch. cap. de Hydrope for we have seen many recover by this kind of remedy but if any died it happened either by the default of the slow or negligent administration of the Paracentesis I will add this one thing which may take away all error or controversie we unwisely doubt of the Remedy when the Patient is brought to that necessity that we can only help him by that means Now must we shew how the belly ought to be opened If the Dropsie happen by fault of the Liver the section must be made on the left side The places of the apertion must be divers according to the parts chiefly affected but if of the Spleen in the right for if the patient should lie upon the side which is opened the pain of the wound would continually trouble him and the water running into that part where the section is would continually drop whence would follow a dissolution of the faculties The Section must be made three fingers breadth below the Navell to wit at the side of the right muscle but not upon that which they call the Linea Alba neither upon the nervous parts of the rest of the muscles of the Epigastrium that so we may prevent pain and difficulty of healing The manner of making apertion Therefore we must have a care that the Patient lye upon his right side if the incision be made in the left or on the left if on the right Then the Chirurgion both with his own hand as also with the hand of his servant assisting him must take up the skin of the belly with the fleshy pannicle lying under it and separate them from the rest then let him divide them so separated with a Section even to the flesh lying under them which being done let him force as much as he can the divided skin upwards towards the stomach that when the wound which must presently be made in the flesh lying there-under shall be consolidated the skin by its falling therein may serve for that purpose then therefore let him divide the musculous flesh and Peritonaeum with a small wound not hurting the Kall or Guts Then put into the wound a trunk or golden or silver crooked pipe of the thickness of a Gooses-quill and of the length of some half a finger Let that part of it which goes into the capacity of the belly have something a broad head and that perforated with two small holes by which a string being fastened it may be bound so about the body that it cannot be moved unless at the Chirurgeons pleasure Let a spunge be put into the pipe which may receive the dropping humor and let it be taken out when you would evacuate the water but let it not be poured out altogether but by little and little for fear of dissipation of the spirits and resolution of the faculties which I once saw happen to one sick of the Dropsie A History He being impatient of the disease and cure thereof thrust a Bodkin into his belly and did much rejoice at the pouring forth of the water as if he had been freed from the humor and the disease but died within a few hours because the force of the water running forth could by no means be staied for the incision was not artificially made But it will not be sufficient to have made way for the humor by the means aforementioned A caution for taking out the pipe but also the external orifice of the pipe must be stopped and strengthned by double cloaths and a strong ligature lest any of the water flow forth against our wills But we must note that the pipe is not to be drawn out
requiring help saying he was troubled with a grievous pain especially then when he stretched his voyce in the Epistle When I had seen the bigness of the Enterocele I perswaded him to get another to serve in his place so having gotten leave of M. Curio Clerk and Deacon of Divinity he committed himself unto me I handled him according unto Art and commanded him he should never go without a Truss and be followed my directions When I met him some five or six years after I asked him How he did he answered Very well for he was wholly freed from the disease with which he was formerly troubled which I could not perswade my self of before that I had found that he had told me the truth by the diligent observation of his genitals But some six months after he dying of a Pleurisie I came to Curio's house where he dyed and desired leave to open his body that I might observe whether Nature had done any thing at all in the passage through which the gut fell down I call God to witness that I found a certain fatty substance about the process of the Peritonaeum about the bigness of a little Egg and it did stick so hard to that place that I could scarce pul it away without the rending of the neighbouring parts And this was the speedy cause of his cure We must never despâ—st in diseases if to be â—â—oâ—e be astoâ—â—ted by Art But it is most worthy of observation and admiration that Nature but a little helped by Art healeth diseases which are thought incurable The chief of the cure consists in this that we firmly stay the gut in its place after the same manner as these two figures shew The Figure of a Man broken on one side wearing a Truss whose Bolster must have three Tuberosities two on the upp r and one on the lower part and there must be a hâ—llowness between them in the midst that they may not too strâ—itly press the share-bone and so cause pain The manner of such a Truss I found out not long ago and it seemed letter and safer than the rest for to hinder the falling down of the gut and kâ—ll A Sâ—eas the Shoulder-band which is tyed before and behind to the girlâ—e of the Truss B The Truss C The Cavity left in the midst of the Tuberosities Another Figure of a Man having a Rupture on both sides shewing by what means with what kind of and what Shoulder-band he must be bound on each groin A Sheweth the Shoulder band divided in the midst for the putting through of the head B The Truss with two Bolsters between which is a hole for putting through the yard The form of both Bolsters ought to be the same with the former In the mean time we must not omit diet We must forbid the use of all things which may either relax dilate or break the process of the Peritonaeum of which I have already treated sufficiently Sometimes but especially in old men the guts cannot be restored into their place by reason of the quantity of the excrements hardned in them In this case they must not be too violently forced but the Patient must be kept in his Bed and lying with his head head low and his knees higher up let the following Cataplasms be appiled â„ž rad alth lil ana â„¥ ij seminis lini faenugr an â„¥ ss fol. malvae viol pariet an m. ss A Cataplasm to soften the excrements Let them be boyled in fair water afterwards beaten and drawn through a searse adding thereto of new Butter without Salt and Oyl of Lillies as much as shall suffice Make a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis Let it be applyed hot to the Cod and bottom of the Belly by the help of this remedy when it had been applyed all night the Guts have not seldom been seen of themselves without the hand of a Chirurgeon to have returned into their proper place The windiness being resolved which hindered the going back of the excrements into another Gut whereby they might be evacuated and expelled But if the excrements will not go back thus the flatulencies yet resisting undiscussed an emollient and carminative clyster is to be admitted with a little Chymical Oyl of Turpentine Dill Juniper or Fennil Clysters of Muscadine Chymical Oyl Oyl of Walnuts and Aqua vitae and a small quantity of any the aforesaid Oyls are good for the same purpose It often happens that the Guts cannot yet be restored because the process of the Peritonaeum is not wide enough For when the excrements are fallen down with the Gut into the Cod they grow hard by little little and encrease by the access of flatulencies caused by resolution which cause such a tumor as cannot be put up through that hole by which a little before it fell down whereby it happens that by putrefaction of the matter there contained come inflammations and a new access of pain and lastly a vomiting and evacuation of the excrements by the mouth being hindered from the other passage of the fundament They vulgarly call this affect Miserere mei That you may help this symptom you must rather assay extreme remedies than suffer the Patient to dye by so filthy and loathsom a death And we must cure it by Chirurgery after this manner following We will bind the Patient lying on his back upon a Table or Bench then presently make an Incision in the upper part of the Cod not touching the substance of the Gut then we must have a silver Cane or Pipe of the thickness of a Goose-quill round and gibbous in one part thereof but somewhat hollowed in the other as is shewed by this following Figure The Figure of the Pipe or Cane We must put it into the place of the Incision The Chirurgical cure by the Golden Tie and put it under the production of the Peritonaeum being cut together with the Cod all the length of the production that so with a sharp Knife we may divide the process of the Peritonaeum according to that cavity separated from the Guts there contained by the benefit of the Cane in a right line not hurting the Guts When you have made an indifferent Incision the Guts must gently be put up into the Belly with your fingers and then so mush of the cut Peritonaeum must be sowed up as shall seem sufficient that by that passage made more strait nothing may fall into the Cod after it is cicatrized But if there be such abundance of excrements hardned either by the stay or heat of inflammation that that Incision is not sufficient to force the excrements into their place the Incision must be made longer your Cane being thrust up towards the Belly so that it may be sufficient for the free regress of the Guts into the Belly Then sow it up as is fit and the way will be shut up against the falling down of the Gut or Kall the process
the Physitian is often forced to change the order of the cure All strange and external Bodies must be taken away as speedily as is possible because they hinder the action of Nature intending unity especially if they press or prick any Nervous Body or Tendon whence pain or an Abscess may breed in any principal part or other serving the principal Yet if by the quick and too hasty taking forth of such like Bodies there be fear of cruel pain or great effusion of Bloud it will be far better to commit the whole work to Nature than to exasperate the Wound by too violent hastening For Nature by little and little will exclude as contrary to it or else together with the Pus what strange body soever shall be contained in the wounded part But if there shall be danger in delay it will be fit the Chirurgeon fall to work quickly safely and as mildly as the thing will suffer for effusion of Bloud swooning convulsion and other horrid symptoms follow upon the too rough and boystrous handling of Wounds whereby the Patient shall be brought into greater danger than by the Wound it self Therefore he may pull out the strange Bodies either with his fingers or with instruments fit for that purpose but they are sometimes more easily and sometimes more hardly pulled forth according as the Body infixed is either hard or easie to be found or pulled out Which thing happens according to the variety of the figure of such like Bodies according to the condition of the part it self soft hard or deep in which these Bodies are fastned more straitly or more loosly and then for fear of inferring any worse harm as the breaking of some Vessel but how we may perform this first intention and also the expression of the instruments necessary for this purpose shall be shown in the particular Treaties of Wounds made by Gun-shot Arrows and the like Ligatures and Sutures for to conjoyn and hold together the lips of wounds But the Surgeon shall attain to the second and third scope of curing Wounds by two and the same means that is by Ligatures and Sutures which notwithstanding before he use he must well observe whether there be any great flux of Bloud present for he shall stop it if it he too violent but provoke it if too slow unless by chance it shall be poured out into any capacity or belly that so the part freed from the superfluous quantity of Bloud may be less subject to inflammation Therefore the lips of the Wound shall be put together and shall be kept so joyned by suture and ligatures Not truly of all but only of those which both by their nature and magnitude as also by the condition of the parts in which they are are worthy and capable of both the remedies For a simple and small solution of continuity stands only in need of the Ligature which we call incarnative especially if it be in the Arms or Legs but that which divides the Muscles transversly stands in need of both Suture and Ligature that so the lips which are somewhat far distant from each other and as it were drawn towards their beginning and ends may be conjoyned If any portion of a fleshy substance by reason of some great Cut shall hang down it must necessarily be adjoyned and kept in the place by Suture The more notable and large Wounds of all the parts stand in need of Suture which do not easily admit a Ligature by reason of the figure and site of the part in which they are as the Ears Nose Hairy-scalp Eye-lids Lips Belly and Throat There are three sorts of Ligatures by the joynt consent of all the Ancients Three sorts of Ligatures They commonly call the first a Glutinative or Incarnative the second Expulsive the third Retentive The Glutinative or Incarnative is fit for simple green and yet bloudy Wounds What an incarnative Ligature is This consists of two ends and must so be drawn that beginning on the contrary part of the Wound we may so go upwards partly crossing it and going downwards again we may closely joyn together the Lips of the Wound But let the Ligature be neither too strait lest it may cause inflammation or pain nor too loose lest it be of no use and may not well contain it The Expulsive Ligature is fit for sanious and fistulous Ulcers to press out the filth contained in them This is performed with one Rowler having one simple head What an expulsive the beginning of binding must be taken from the bottom of the Sinus or bosom thereof and there it must be bound more straightly and so by little and little going higher you must remit something of that rigour even to the mouth of the Ulcer that so as we have said the sanious matter may be pressed forth The Retentive Ligature is fit for such parts as cannot suffer strait binding such are the Throat What the retentive What the rowlers must be made of Belly as also all parts oppressed with pain For the part vexed with pain abhorreth binding The use thereof is to hold to local Medicines It is performed with a Rowler which consists somewhiles of one some whiles of more heads All these Rowlers ought to be of linnen and such as is neither too new nor too old neither too coorse nor too fine Their breadth must be proportionable to the parts to which they shall be applyed the indication of their largeness being taken from their magnitude figure and site As we shall shew more at large in our Tractates of Fractures and Dislocations The Chirurgeon shall perform the first scope of curing Wounds Why and how the temper of the wounded part must be preserved which is of preserving the temper of the Wounded part by appointing a good order of diet by the Prescript of a Physitian by using universal and local Medicines A slender cold and moist Diet must be observed until that time be passed wherein the Patient may be safe and free from accidents which are usually feared Therefore let him be fed sparingly especially if he be plethorick he shall abstain from Salt and spiced flesh and also from Wine if he shall be of a cholerick or sanguine nature in stead of Wine he shall use the Decoction of Barly or Liquorice or Water and Sugar He shall keep himself quiet for Rest is in Celsus opinion the very best Medicine He shall avoid Venery Contentions Brawls Anger and other perturbations of the mind When he shall seem to be past danger it will be time to fall by little and little to his accustomed manner and diet of life Universal remedies are Phlebotomies and Purging which have force to divert and hinder the defluxion whereby the temper of the part might be in danger of change For Phlebotomy it is not alwayes necessary as in small Wounds and Bodies In what wounds blood-letting is not necessary which are neither troubled with ill humors or Plethorick
inflammation of the brain and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmear and anoint the head nose temples and ears with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupefie and make drowsie the brain and membranes thereof being more hot then they ought to be Medicines procuring sleep Wherefore for this purpose let the temples be anointed with Unguentum populeon or Unguentum Rosatum with a little Rose-vinegar or Oxycrate let a spunge moistned in the decoction of white or black Poppy-seed of the rinds of the roots of Mandrages of the Seeds of Henbane Lettuce Purslane Plantain Night-shade and the like He may also have a Broath or Barly-cream into which you may put an emulsion made of the Seeds of white Poppy The commodities of sleep or let him have a potion made with â„¥ i or â„¥ i ss of the syrup of Poppy with â„¥ ij of lettuce-Lettuce-water Let the Patient use these things four hours after meat to procure sleep For sleep doth much help concoction it repairs the efflux of the triple substance caused by watching asswageth pain refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the Patient take his natural rest If the Patient shall be plethorick let the plenitude be lessened by bloud-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Physitian who shall over-see the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kinds of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation pain and other such like symptoms be increased by stirring up the humors Lib. 4. meth Phlebotomy according to Galen's opinion must not only be made respectively to the plenty of bloud but also agreeable to the greatness of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw back that humor which flows down by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawn to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalick-vein of the right arm shall be opened unless a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may be opened although the body be not plethorick The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is far better by reason of the straitness of the fibers than to draw bloud on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the Patient still feeling his pulse unless the Physitian be present to whose judgment you must then commit all that business For the pulse is in Galen's opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Lib. de cur per sanguinis miss Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soon as we find it to become lesser and more slow when the forehead begins to sweat a little when he feels a pain at his heart when he is taken with a desire to vomit or to go to stool or with yawning and when he shall change his colour and his lips look pale then you must stop the bloud as speedily as you can otherwise there will be danger lest he pour forth his life together with his bloud Then he must be refreshed with bread steeped in wine and put into his mouth and by rubbing his temples and nostrils with strong vinegar and by lying upon his back But the part shall be eased freed from some portion of the impact and conjunct humor by gently scarifying the lips of the wound or applying of leeches But it shal be diverted by opening those veins which are nighest to the wounded part as the Vena puppis or that in the midst of the forehead or of the temples or those which are under the tongue besides also cupping-glasses shal also be applyed to the shoulder sometimes with scarification The use of Frictions sometimes without neither must strong long frictions with coarse clothes of all the whole body the head excepted be omitted during the whole time of the cure for these will be available though but for this that is to draw back and dissipate by insensible transpiration the vapours which otherwise would ascend into the head which matters certainly in a body that lyes still and wants both the use and benefit of accustomed exercise are much increased But it shall be made manifest by this following and notable example A History how powerful Bloud-letting is to lessen and mitigate the inflammation of the Brain or the membranes thereof in wounds of the head I was lately called into the suburbs of Saint German there to visit a young man twenty eight years old who lodged there in the house of John Martial at the sign of Saint Michael This young man was one of the houshold-servants of Master Doucador the steward of the Lady Admiral of Brion He fell down head-long upon the left Bregma upon a marble-pavement whence he received a contused wound without any fracture of the skull and being he was of a sanguine temperature by occasion of this wound a Feaver took him on the seventh day with a continual delirium and inflammation of phlegmonous tumor of the wounded Pericranium This same tumor possessing his whole head and neck by continuation and sympathy of the parts was grown to such a bigness that his visage was so much altered that his friends knew him not neither could he speak hear or swallow any thing but what was very liquid Which I observing although I knew that the day past which was the eighth day of his disease he had four sawcers of bloud taken from him by Germain Agace Barber-surgeon of the same Suburbs yet considering the integrity and constancy of the strength of the Patient I thought good to bleed him again wherefore I drew from him fourteen Saucers at that one time when I came to him the day after and saw that neither the Feaver nor any of the fore-mentioned symptoms were any whit remitted or asswaged I forthwith took from him four Saucers more which in all made two and twenty the day following when I had observed that the symptoms were no whit lessened I durst not presume by my own only advice to let him the fourth time bloud as I desired Wherefore I brought unto him that most famous Physitian Doctor Violene who assoon as he felt his pulse knowing by the vehemency thereof the strength of the Patient and moreover considering the greatness of the inflammation and tumor which offered it self to his sight he bid me presently take out my Lancet and open a vein But I lingered on set purpose and told him that he had already twenty two Saucers of bloud taken from him Then said he grant it be so and though more have been drawn yet must we not therefore desist from our enterprise especially seeing the two chief Indications
of the fiercest of them broke the things wherein he was tyed and leaping amongst the company he with his paws threw to the ground a Girl of some twelve years old and taking her head in his mouth with his teeth wounded the musculous skin in many places yet hurt not the Skull She scarse at length delivered by the Master of the Lyons from the jaws of Death and the Lyon was committed to the cure of Rowland Claret Chirurgeon who was there present by chance at the same time some few days after I was called to visit her she was in a Feaver her head shoulders brest and all the places where the Lyon had set his teeth or nails were swoln all the edges of the wound were livid and did flow with a waterish acrid virulent cadaverous dark green and stinking matter so that I could scarse indure the smell thereof she was also opprest with pricking biting and very great pain which I observing that old saying came into my mind The bitings of man and beasts are venenate which is That all wounds made by the bitings of beasts or of men also do somewhat participate of poyson Wherefore there must principally great care be had of the venenate impression left in the wounds by the nails and teeth and therefore such things must be applyed as have power to overcome poyson Wherefore I scarified the lips of the wounds in divers places and applyed Leeches to suck out the venenate bloud and ease the inflammation of the parts then I made a Lotion of Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate after the following manner Theriacal topick Medicines â„ž Mithrid â„¥ i theriac â„¥ ij aegyptiac â„¥ ss dissolvantur omnia cum aqua vitae Carduiben Let the wounds be fomented and washed with it warm besides also Treacle and Mithridate were put in all the medicines which were either applyed or put into the wound and also of the same with the conserves of Roses and Bugloss dissolved in the water of Sorrel and Carduus benedictus potions were made to strengthen the heart and vindicate it from malign vapours A Cordial Epithema For which purpose also this following Epithema was applyed to the region of her heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub pulveris spodii an â„¥ j Mithridatii Theriacae an Ê’ ij flo cordial pulverifatorum p. ij crociÊ’ j dissolve them all together make an Epitheme and apply it to the heart with a scarlet cloth or spunge and let it be often renued Verily she drest after this manner and the former remedies but once used pain inflammation and all the malign symptoms were much lessened to conclude she recovered but lingred and was lean some two years after yet at length she was perfectly restored to her health and former nature By which you may understand that simple wounds must be handled after another manner than these which have any touch of poyson The cure of the hairy scalp when it is contused But now that we may prosecute the other affects of the hairy scalp say that it is contused with a blow without a wound that which must be first and alwayes done that so the affect may better appear and the remedies which are applyed may take more effect the hair must be shaven away and at the first dressing a repelling medicine applyed such as this following Oxyrhodinum â„ž ol ros â„¥ iij album ovorum nu ij pulveris nucum cypressi balaust alumin. rochae rosar rub anÊ’ j. Let them be all incorporated A repelling medicine and make a medicine for the former use or in stead thereof you may apply the catalpasm prescribed before consisting of Farina hordei fabarum aceto oleo rosaceo But such medicines must be often renued When the pain and defluxion are appeased we must use discussing medicines for dissipation of that humor which remains impacted in the part A discâ—ssing Fomentation â„ž Emplastri de mucilagin Ê’ ij oxicrocei emp. de meliloto an â„¥ i. olei chamaem anethi an â„¥ ss malaxentur simul fiat emplastrum ad usum dictum Such a fomentation will also be good â„ž vini rub lib. iiij lixivii com lib. ij nuces cupressi contus nu x. pul myrtillorum â„¥ i. rosar rub absinth fol. salviae majoranae staechados florum chamaem melil an M. ss aluminis rochae radicis cyperi calami aromatici an â„¥ ss bulliant omnia simul and make a decoction to foment the grieved part After somewhat a long fomenting it whereby it may the better discuss dry and exhaust the concrete humor the head must be dryed and more discussing things applyed such as the Cerate described by Vigo called de Minio Ceratum de Minio which hath an emollient and digestive faculty in this form â„ž Olei chamaem lilior an â„¥ x. olei mastich â„¥ ij pinguedinis vervecis lib. i. litharg auri â„¥ viij minii â„¥ ij vini boni cyathum unum bullianb omnia simul baculo agitando primum quidem lento igne mox verò luculentiore donec tota massa colorem nigrum vel subnigrum contrahat adde in fine cocturae Terebinth lib. s pulveris mastich â„¥ ij gum elemi â„¥ j. cerae quantum sufficit bulliant rursus una ebullitione fiat empl molle But if the humor be not thus discussed Detersive or cleansing medicines but only grow soft then the tumor must be quickly opened for when the flesh is inflamed and putrefied through occasion of the contained humor the bone under it putrefies also by the contagion of the inflammation and the acrimony of the matter falling upon the bone When you have opened it wash away the filth of the ulcer with this following deterâ—ive medicine â„ž syrupi ros absinth an â„¥ i. terebinth â„¥ ss pul ireos aloes mastichis myrrhae farinae hordei an Ê’ ss In stead hereof if there be great putrefaction Aegyptia either by it self or mixt with an equal quantity of Unguentum Apostolorum may be put into the Ulcer When the Ulcer is cleansed it will be time to use scarcotick and cicatrizing medicines CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Fracture or broken Skull IF the Skull be broken so that it be needful to trepan it or to elevate and lift it up Why the Pericranium hath such exquisite sâ—nse or scrape it away the musculous skin being cut as we formerly noted the Pericranium shall be plucked from the Skull as we said before which because it can hardly be done without great pain by reason of its exquisite sense and connexion with the membranes of the brain we must labour to mitigate the pain for fear of inflammation and other accidents Therefore the first dressing ended and the corners of the wound drawn each from other at the second dressing put to the wound a digestive as they term it made of the yolk of an Egge and
saith he saw one which livad and recovered after a great portion of the brain fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the year of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgeon to the Marshal of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoits received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregma with a fracture and so great an Effracture of the bone that the quantity of half a hasel Nut of the brain came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to be deadly a Physitian which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the brain but a certain fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen Why fat cannot be generated under the skull convinced the pertinacy of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the skull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animal spirits and the heat of vapours rising thither from all the body Signs of a fatty substance they do not suffer fat to concreat about them But with experience for that in dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swim on the top of water but this substance as marrowy cast into the water presently sunk to the bottom Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquid and melts but this substance being laid upon a hot iron became dry shrunk up and contracted it self like a piece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgment was right of that substance that came forth of the skull Yet though it was cut away the Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deaf all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the Wounds of the Face HAving treated of the wounds of the head by their causes signs and cure Why we treat in particular of wounds of the face it follows that we now speak of the wounds of the Face if but for this that when they are carelesly handled they leave deformed scars in the most specious and beautiful part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the skull that is external But this may be added to the kinds and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the ear eye nose lip may be cut away by a wound but not so in the head or skull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye-brows we will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefly to be observed in wounds of the eye-brows that they are oft-times cut so overthwart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which move and lift them up are wholly rent and torn A thing to be observed in wounds of the Eye-brows In which case the eye-lids cannot be opened and the eyes remain covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the Patient would look upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which infirnity I have seen many troubled yet oft-times not so much by the violence of the wound as the unskilfulness of the Chirurgeon who cured them that is by the negligent application of the boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit future In this case the skilful Chirurgeon which is called to the Patient shall cut off as much of the skin and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eye-lids that so they may by their own strength hold and keep open without the help of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall pour thereon some of the Balsom of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts â„ž Olei rosar â„¥ ss album â—vor nu ij boli armen sanguinis Dracon Mastich ad Ê’ j. agitentur simul fiâ— medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting Ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast de gratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacaleitheos or some other like until the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unless they either be associated with some malign symptoms or the Patient's body be repleat with ill humors Lagophthalmia is a quite contrary to the falling down of the Eye-lids There sometimes happen a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-brows that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the Patient is forc'd to sleep with eyes open wherefore those which are so affected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalmi The cause of this affect is often internal as a carbuncle or other kind of abscess as a blow or stroak It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-lids but so that the extreams of the semicircle bend downwards that they may be pressed down and joyned as much as is needful to amend the stifness of the eye-lid But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must be performed as is fit CHAP. XXIV Of the Wounds of the Eyes WOunds of the Eyes are made by the violence of things pricking cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must always be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth assoon as you can lifting and turning up the eye-lid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discern this moat or little body then put three or four seeds of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained Eye For these seeds are thought to have a faculty to cleanse the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deep in nor do too stubbornly adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following Instrument for herewith we open the eye-lids the further putting it between them and the eye and also keeping the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets we may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The delineation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the Eye-lids and keep the Eye steddy it is so mâ—de that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatness of the Eyes A repercussive to be put into the Eye All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the strains of a dozen eggs let them be beaten in a leaden Mortar with a little rose-Rose-water and so put into the eye
made with a Chicken to be taken in the morning for eight or nine days after the first concoction The choice of meats For meats in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated he shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extream parts of beasts as the feet of Calves Hogs-feet not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snails and such as have been gathered in a vineyard of frogs river-Crabs Eels taken in clear water and well cooked hard Eggs eaten with the juyce of Sorrel without spices Whitings and Stockfish For all such things because they have a tough and glutinous juyce are easily put and glutinated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the paient languisheth of a long hectick he must feed upon meats of easie digestion these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turn into choler Wherefore he may use to eat veal kid capon pullet boiled with refrigerating and humecting herbs he may also use barly-creams almond-milks as also bread crummed and moistned with rose-water boiled in a decoction of the four cold seeds with sugar of roses for such a Panada cools the liver and the habit of the whole body and nourisheth withal The testicles wings and livers of young Cocks as also figs and raisons But if the Patient at length begin to loath grow weary of boiled meats then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed only on the inner parr thereof and that moistned in rose-Rose-water the juyce of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranates Let him abstain from salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony-stony-waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergo in shunning the rocks beaten upon by the waves How Asses milk must be used in a hectick Asses milk newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennel that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in the stomach or womans milk sucked from the dug by the Patient to the quantity of half a pint is much commended verily womans milk is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good temper and habit of body Womans milk more wholesome than Asses For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomach and ulcers of the lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Ass be fed with barly oats oak-leaves but if the Patient chance to be troubled with the flux of the belly you shall make the milk somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching therein pebble-stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses-milk such shall abstain from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heat and rumbling in the Hypochondria and pain of the head Let the Patient temper his Wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce Purslain and water-Lillies but with much Bugloss-water both for that it moistens very much as also for that it hath a specifick power to recreate the heart whose solid substance in this kind of disease is grievously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctuous baths epithems clysters Things to be outwardly applyed Inunctions are divers according to the various indications of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen anoints all the spine with cooling and moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should be letted the heat would become more acrid by suppressing the vapours Oyl of roses water-lillies quinces the mucilages of Gum-tragacanth and Arabick extracted into water of Night-shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little wax if need require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be anointed with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I mean things which moderately cool for cold is hurtful to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motions of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyl of violets willows of the seeds of lettuce poppies water-lillies mixing with them the oyl of sweet almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldness A caution in the choyce of Oyls But you must have great care that the Apothecary for covetousness in stead of these oyls newly made give you not old rancid and salted oyls for so in stead of refrigerating you shall heat the part for wine honey and oyl acquire more heat by age in defect of convenient oyls we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is too cool humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening morning chiefly after a bath Now for Baths we prescribe them either only to moisten The differences of Baths and then plain warm water wherein the flowers of violets and water-lillies willow-leaves and barly have been boyled will be sufficient or else not only to moisten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habit and then you may add to your bath the decoction of a Sheeps-head and Gather with some Butter But the Patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomach Why the Patients must not enter the Bath fasting that so the nourishment may be drawn by the warmness of the bath into the whole habit of the body For otherwise he which is sick of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomack empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heat of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath How to prepare the body for the Bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements baked in the guts by the hectick dryness then let him eat to his dinner some solid meats about nine of the clock and let him about four of the clock eat somewhat sparingly meats of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup off some chicken-broth or barly-cream or else two rear egs tempered with some rose-rose-water and sugar of roses instead of salt Some 4 or 5 hours after let him enter into the bath those things which I have set down being observed When he comes out of the bath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloaths and anointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleep if he
cold they would cause pain and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not pass or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage pain hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive Medicins to be applyed to Burns How fire may asswage the pain of burning AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the pain and heat of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and find by daily experience that the heat of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the pain is asswaged if they hold the part which was burnt some pretty while to the heat of a lighted Candle or burning Coals for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the external fire whilest it draws forth the fire which is internal and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedy Beaten Onions good for burns and how if they presently after the Burn apply to the grieved part raw Onions beaten with some Salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the pain and inflammation but if it be applyed when the skin is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endeavour to gainsay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physick which says that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirm that Onions Lib. 5. simpl according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moist therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skin by their actual moisture whereby it comes to pass that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heat and so hinder the breaking forth of Pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases always healed by their contraries saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceed from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and strictly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicins good to hinder the rising of blisters such as new Horse-dung fryed in Oyl of Wal-nuts or Roses and applyed to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in Oyl of Nuts and beaten with a little Salt Also quenched L me powdered and mixed with Unguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little Salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anointed upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thick Vernish which Polishers or Sword Cutlers use But if the pain be more vehement How often in a day these must be dressed these medicins must be renewed three or four times in a day and a night so to mitigate the bitterness of this pain But if so be we cannot by these remedies hinder the rising of Blisters then we must presently cut them as soon as they rise for that the humor contained in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimony that it eats the flesh which lyeth under it and so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes and increase of matter the inflammation groweth greater not only for nine days as the common people prattle but for far longer time also somewhiles for less time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethorick and you have speedily resisted the pain and heat by fit remedies When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar Medicins for an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and humective medicins as of Greases Oyls Butter with a little Basilicon or the following Ointment â„ž Mucagin psillii cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua pariatariae olei filiorum â„¥ ijss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as Unguentum album camphoratum deficcativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Vinegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol de papavar â„¥ ij ss ung populcon â„¥ iiij A description of Nutritum camphoraeÊ’ j. fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or Oyl of Egs tempered in a Leaden Mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh Butter without Salt and some yolks of Egs hard roasted Or â„ž Butyri recent sine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqua plantag vel resar â„¥ ss tuthiae similiter lotae Ê’ iij. pâ—um i usti loti Ê’ ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sanâ—uc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul cerus luthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicins may always be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seem to require The following remedies are fit to asswage pain as the mucilages of Line-seeds of the seeds of Psillium or Flea-wort and Quinces extracted in Rose-water or fair-water with the addition of a little Camphire and lest that it dry too speedily adde thereto some Oyl of Roses Also five or six yolks of Egs mixed with the mucilages of Line-seed the seed of Psillium and Quinces often renewed are very powerful to asswage pain A remedy for Burns commonly used in in the Hospital of Paris The women which attend upon the people in the Hospital in Paris do happily use this medicine against burns â„ž Lard conscissi libram unam let it be dissolved in rose-Rose-water then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it four times with the water of Hen-bane or some other of that kind then let it be incorporated with eight yolks of new laid Egs and so make an Ointment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kinds of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a piece of Tiffany lest you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a coarse cloth and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicins easily
must be shunned in these Ulcers all acrid things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause pain inflammation and vomit and besides hinder the digestion of the meat Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugred gellyes wherein Gum Tragaganth and bole Armeniack have been put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figs Raisons Honey Cowes-milk boyled with the yolks of eggs and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowers and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of Quinces the Lentisk wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent Wine How powerfull Honey is to cure such kind of Ulcers unless there be fear of inflammation Their drink shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrup of Violets and Jujubes Honey mixed with other medicins is a very fitting remedy for Ulcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomach for if you shall use astringent medicins alone of themselves they will stick to the stomach neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helps them forwards to the affected parts also cleanses the Ulcers themselves Here also Asses milk may with good success be used instead of Goats or Cowes milk The use of a vulnerary potion is also commendable if so be that it be made of such hearbs and simples as by a certain tacit familiarity have respect to the parts affected Aegyptiacum good for the Ulcers of the greater guts But the Ulcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater Guts be affected you may heal them with a Clyster and injections made also sharp to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must be rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth Lib. 5. meth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament do not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unless with the loss of their faculty so far as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Ulcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder ULcers are caused in the Kidneys and Bladder either by the use of acrid meats drinks Causes or medicins as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acrid humor bred in that place sent or faln thither or else by the rupture of some vessel or an abscess broken and degenerated into an Ulcer as it sometimes comes to pass They are discerned by their site Signs for the pain and heaviness of Ulcers of the Reins comes to the Loins and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Urine Hip. Aphor. 81. sect 4. Aphor. 76. sect 4. Aphor. 77. sect 4. Neither doth the Pus which flows from the reins stink so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodless fleshless and membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction That Pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Urinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottom and may be seen separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Urine but that Pus which flows from the bladder is oft-times made alone without Urine and usually it comes to pass that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidneyes hath in it certain caruncles or as it were hairs according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thick Urine have little caruncles and as it were hairs come forth together therewith they come from their Kidneyes but on the contrary those who have certain bran-like scales come from them in a thick Urine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Ulcer The cure For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Clysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw back the humors by whose conflux into the affected part the ulcer might be fed and made more sordid and filthy Why we must shun strong purges You must beware of strong purgations lest the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Ulcer may fall down upon the kidnies or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectual to mundâ—fie those kind of Ulcers Things to cleanse these Ulcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycerrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad â—â—â—sa petrâ—sâ—l an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colaturâ dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of four ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces Trochisces for the ulcers of thâ— kidnies and bladder 4. Method â„ž quatuer sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragac miâ— gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycerrhizae mund mucilaginis sem psiâ—ii amygd duâ—c hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang drac spodii rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss excipiantur hydromelite fingantur trechisci singuâ—i ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barley-water or Goats-milk Galen bids to mix honey and diuretick things with medicines made for the Ulcers of the reins and bladder for that they gently move urine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Ulcers of the bladder are either in the bottom thereof Signs to know what part of the bladder is ulcerated or at the neck and urinary passage If they be in the bottom the pain is almost continual if in the neck the pain then pricks and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Ulcer which is in the bottom sends forth certain scaly or skinny excrements together with the urine but that which is in the neck causes almost a continual Tentigo Those which are in the bottom are for the most part incurable Why Ulcers in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable both by reason of the bloodless and nervous nature of the part as also for that the ulcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the urine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the urine alwayes remain in the bottom of the bladder which could not therefore pass forth together with the rest of the urine for that for the passing forth of the urine the bladder being distended before falls and is complicated in its self Ulcers of the bladder are healed with the same
things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a Wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to be kept firm and ratified That the ligation must be most strait upon the wound that ligation must be made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it self up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the ligation made on this and that side above and below whence ensue many malign symptoms You may make tryall hereof upon a sound fleshy part What symptoms ensue the want of binding upon the wounded part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livid or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on every side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remain unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch thereof burns and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft Signs of the corruption of the bones These will be the signs of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantity and that more filthy sanies flow from the Ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lips of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deep pain torment the Patient by fits if by searching with your probe you perceive the bone to be spoiled of its periosteum and lastly if you finde it scaly and rough or also if your probe be put down somewhat hard it run into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottenness of the bones But certainly such rottenness will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amiss again to admonish the Surgeon of this that as far as the thing shall suffer When the wounded part must be omitted in ligation he make his rowlings upon the wound unless by chance there be such excessive pain and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptoms and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weak nor too much worn being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compass the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stir the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones do not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers do By this it appears that as want of binding and too much loosness in absence of pain and a phlegmon so also too strait ligation when pain is present brings a phlegmon and abscess to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reiterate these things because you shall as yet find many who follow the practise of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carry cross-wise Lattice-like binding to be shunned But this cross or lattice-like kind of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that only to be used which we have described according to the mind of Hippocrates Now it is time that I return to the former history of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Leg after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine own house in Paris in the afternoon they took from me out of the Basilica of the left arm some six ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lips or edges of the wound and places thereabout were anointed with unguentum rosatum Unguentum Rosatum wherefore good in fractures which by a joint consent of the Ancients is such commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage pain and hinder inflammation by repelling the humours far from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shews for it is made ex oleo omphacino aquâ rosaceâ pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this ointment for six dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in Oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthening of the part and repressing the humors which two things we must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion You must have a care that the compresses and rowlers grow not hard by driness in fractures especially with a wound Wherefore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moistened them with the Oxycrate or rose-vinegar for by their too much dryness pain and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardness You shall see many Surgeons who in this kind of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicins wholly contrary to the method set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing-places of the skin are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acrid and serous humour long supprest Whereby you may learn that astringent and emplastick medicins must not be used above six dayes Instead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine dayes I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed Prunes and six morsels of bread and drank a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition The description of a sugred water ℞ sacc albis ℥ xij aquae font lb xij cinam ʒ iij. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maidens-hair with boiled water Otherwhiles the divine drink as they term it whereof this is the composition ℞ aquae coctae lb vj. sacc albis ℥ iv succ lim ℥ j. agitentur transvasentur saepius in vasis vitreis I was purged when
can firmly stand upon his feet CHAP. LVIII Of the symptoms and other accidents which may befal a broken or dislocated member MAnie things may befal broken or dislocated members by the means of the fracture or dislocation such as are bruises great pain inflammation a fever impostume Remedies for a contusion grangrene mortification ulcer fistula and atrophia all which require a skilfull and diligent Surgeon for their cure A contusion happen's by the fall of som heavie thing upon the part or by a fall from high whence follow 's the effusion of blood poured out under the skin wich if it bee poured forth in great plentie must bee speedily evacuated by scarification and the part eased of that burden lest it should thence gangrenate And by how much the blood shall appear more thick and the skin more dens by so much the scarification shall be made more deep You may also for the same purpose apply Leeches What may happen by pain Concerning pain wee formerly said that it usually happen's by reason that the bones are mooved out of their places whence it happeneth that they becom troublesom to the muscles and nervs by pricking and pressing them Hence ensue inflammations as also impostumation and a fever oft times a gangrene and in conclusion a mortification corrupting and rotting the bones otherwhiles a sinuous ulcer or fistula But an atrophia and leanness ariseth by the sloth and idelness of the member decaying all the strength thereof and by too straight ligation intercepting the passages of the blood otherwise readie to fall and flow thither Remedies for the leanness or Atrophia of any member Now the leanness which is occasioned by too straight ligation receive's cure by the flackning of the ligatures wherewith the member was bound That which proceed's from idleness is helped by moderate exercise by extending bending lifting up and depressing the member if so bee that hee can away with exercise Otherwise hee shall use frictions and fomentations with warm water The frictions must be moderate in hardness and gentleness in length and shortness The same moderation shall be observed in the warmness of the water What measure to bee used in fomenting and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolv's the blood that is drawn But that which is too little or short a space draw's little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicins made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitorie of Spain sulphur and the like shall bee applied They shall bee renued every day more often or seldom as the thing it selfe shall seem to require A dropax These medicines are termed Dropaces whose form is thus ℞ picis nigriae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aquâ vitae dissolutorum an ℥ ii olei laurini ℥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi Binding of the sound part opposite to the emaciated baccarum lauri juniperi anʒii fiat emplastrum secundùm artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arm shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it up to the arm-pit If this mischance shall seiz upon the right leg then the left shall bee swathed up from the sole of the foot to the groin For thus a great portion of the blood is forced back into the vena cava or hollow vein and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gapeing with the vessels almost empty beside also it is convenient to keep the sound part in rest that so it may draw the less nourishment and by that means there will bee more store to refresh the weak part How to binde up the emaciated part Som wish also to binde up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the blood is drawn thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a vein with a lancet wee bind the arm Also it is good to dip it into water somwhat more than warm and hold it there util it grow red and swell for thus blood is drawn into the veins as they finde which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee don the lame part grow's hot red and swollen then know that health is to bee hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Signs that an Atrophia is curable Furthermore there is somtimes hardness lest in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the contained humor by fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters made of the roots of marsh-mallows brionie lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to moov the part ever now and then every day yet so that it bee not painfull to him that so the pent up humor may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it self restored as far as art can performe it for oft-times it cannot bee helped any thing at all For if the member bee weak and lame by reason that the fracture happend neer the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painful and difficult and oft-times none at all especially if the callus which grow's there bee somwhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it self shall bee contused and broken by the stroke as it oft-times happen's in wounds made by gun-shot Of divers other PRETER-NATURAL AFFECTS Whose cure is commonly performed by Surgerie THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the hairs of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the hair of the head and somtimes also of the eie-brows chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Physicians term it the Alopecia for old Foxes subject Gal. c. 2. lib. 1. de comp med secun locos by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft-times with this diseas This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the hairs as in old age through want of the radical humiditie The caus or by the corruption of the alimentarie matter of the same as after long Fevers in the Lues venerea Leprosie the corruption of the whole bodie and all the humors whence follow 's a corruption of the vapors and fuliginous excrements or els by the vitious constitution of pores in the skin in raritie and constriction or densitie as by too much use of hot ointments made for coloring the hair or such as are used to take off hair
so it may hinder the lips from joining together again Then shall you apply a plaister upon the lint and so binde up the part with a fitting ligature that may somewhat press upon the whole eye lest it should lift it self somewhat upwards again and so return into its ancient but not natural figure But in cutting the skin you must take care that your incision harm not the gristle for if it be cut the eye-lid falls down neither can it be afterwards lifted up But now for the lower eye-lid it is subject to sundry diseases amongst which there is one which answereth in proportion to that which we late mentioned which is when as it is lifted upwards little or nothing but hangs and gapes and cannot be joyned with the upper Ectiopion or the turning up or out of the eye-lid and therefore it doth not cover the eye which affect is familiar to old people it is called Ectropion and it may be helped by means formerly delivered CHAP. VII Of the Chalazion or Hail-stone and the Hordeolum or Barly-corn of the Eye-lids THe Chalazion is a round and cleer pimple which growes upon the upper eye-lid Paul cap. 6. lib. 6. it is also moveable and may be stirred this way and that way with your singers The Latines call it Grande for that it resembles a hail-stone Another pimple not much like this growes sometimes upon the verges of the eye-lids above the place of the hairs It is termed Hordeolum by reason of the similitude it hath with a barly-corn The matter of these is contained in its proper cist or skin The cure and therefore is hardly brought to suppuration At the first beginning it may be resolved and discussed But when as it is once grown and concrete into a plaster or stone-like hardness it is scarce curable Wherefore it is best to perform the cure by opening them that so the contained matter may slow or be pressed forth If the pimple or swelling be small then thrust it through with a needle and thread and leave the thread therein of such length that you may fasten the ends thereof with a little of the emplaister called Gratia Dei like glue to the forehead if it be on the upper eye-lid or to the cheeks if on the lower You must draw through a fresh one every second day as is usually done in chirurgical setons For thus at length the swelling will be destroyed and made plain CHAP. VIII Of the Hydatis or fatness of the Eye-lids THe Hydatis is a certain fatty substance like a piece of fat What Hydatis is seated and lying under the skin of the upper eye-lid It is a disease incident to children who are of a more humid nature wherefore it is a soft and loose tumor making the whole eye-lid which it possesseth oedematous so that as if depressed with a weight it cannot be lifted up It hath its name for that it hath as it were a bladder distended with a whayish humor which kinde of fault is observed by Galen in the liver Those who are thus affected Com. ad aphor 55. sect 7. have their eyes look red and flow with tears neither can they behold the Sun or endure the light The cure is performed by cutting off the superfluous substance The cure not hurting the neighbouring parts and then presently put some salt into the place whence it was taken out unless the vehemency of pain hinder that so the place may be dried and strengthened and the rest of the matter if any such be may be consumed and hindred from growing again Lastly you shall cover the whole eye with the white of an egg dissolved in rose-water or some other repercussive CHAP. IX Of the Eye-lids fastened or glewed together SOmetimes it cometh to pass that the upper eye-lid is glewed or fastened to the under so that the eye cannot be opened or so that the one of them may stick or be fastened to the white coat of the eye Paulus cap. 15. lib. 6. or to the horny This fault is sometimes drawn from the first original that is by the default of the forming faculty in the womb for thus many Infants are born with their fingers fastened together with their fundaments privities and ears unperforated the eye in all other respects being well composed The cause The cause of this affect sometimes proceeds from a wound otherwhiles from a burn scald or impostumation as the breaking of the small-pox It is cured by putting in a fit instrument and so opening them but with such moderation that you touch not the horny coat The cure for otherwise it would fall out Therefore you must put the end or point of your probe under the eye-lids and so lifting them up that you hurt not the substance of the eye divide them with a crooked incision-knife The incision made let the white of an egg beaten with some rose-rose-water be put into the eye let the eye-lids be kept open yea let the patient himself be carefull that he often turn it upwards and lift it up with his fingers not only that the medicine may be applyed to the ulcer but also that they may not grow together again In the night time let a little pledget dipped in water and that either simple or wherein some vitriol hath been dissolved be laid thereon For thus you shall hinder the eye-lids from joyning together again Then on the third day the parts or edges of the eye-lids shall be touched with waters drying without biting or acrimony that so they may be cicatrized But if the eye-lid adhere to the horny-coat at the pupilla or apple of the eye the patient will either be quite blinde or very ill of sight For the scar which ensues will hinder the shapes of things from entring to the chrystaline humor and the visive spirits from passing forth to the objects For prognosticks you may learn out of Celsus that this cure is subject to a relapse so that it may be shunned neither by diligence nor industry A disease subject to relapse but that the ey-lid will always adhere and cleave to the eye CHAP. X. Of the itching of the eye-lids MAny have their eye-lids itch vehemently by reason of salt phlegm which oftentimes excoriating and exulcerating the parts themselves yields a sanies which joyns together the eye-lids in the night time as if they were glewed together and makes them watry and bleared This affect doth so torment the Patients that it oft-times makes them require the Physitians help Wherefore general medicines being premised A detergent Collyâ—ium the ulcers shall be wasned with the following Collyrium â„ž aquae mellis in balneo mariae distillatae â„¥ iij. saccari candiÊ’ j. aloes lotae in pollinem redactaeÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium Which if it do no good you may use this which follows â„ž Vng Aegyptiac Ê’j dissolve in aquae plantiginis quantitate sufficienti Let the ulcerated eye-lids be touched with a soft linnen
Aries because that sign hath dominion over the head Then let the Surgeon consult a Physician whether purging or blood-letting be convenient for the patient so to resist plethorick symptoms otherwayes ready to yield matter for relapse Two dayes after you must make choice of a place furnished with indifferent oâ— competent light The place and the Patient being fasting shall be placed in a straight chair so that the light may not fall with the beams directly upon him but side-wise The eye which shall be cured must be made more steddy by laying and binding wooll upon the other Then the Surgeon shall seat and place himself directly against the patient upon a seat somewhat higher and bidding the patient put his hands down to his girdle he shall hold the Patients legs between his knees One shall stand at the patients back who shall hold his head and keep it from stirring for by a little stirring he may lose his sight for ever Then must you prepare and make ready your needle The Needle and thrust it often into some strong thick cloth that it may be as it were smooth by this motion and for the performance of the work in hand with the less pain somewhat warmed It must be made of iron or steel and not of gold or silver it must be also flatted on the sides and sharp-pointed that so it may the better pierce into the eye and wholly couch the Cataract once taken hold of and lest it should slip in the Surgeons hand and be less steddy it shall be put into a handle as you may see by the following figure A Needle inserted in a handle for the couching of Cataracts All things being thus in a readiness you must bid the patient to turn the sight of his eye towards his nose and the needle must be boldly thrust for it is received in a place that is void and only filled with spirits directly by the coat Adnata in the middle space between the lesser corner and the horny-coat just against the midst of the Cataract yet so as that you hurt no vein of the Adnata Gal. lib. 10 de â—â—u p. râ—iâ—m 5 â—els lib. 7. and then by stirring it as it were diversly untill it come to the midst of the pupil and suffusion When it is come thither the needle must be inclined from above downwards to the suffussion and there to be stirred gently untill by little and little it couch or bring down the Cataract as whole as may be beneath the compass of the pupil let him still follow it though couched with his needle and somewhat violently depress and keep it down for some short space that so it may rest and stay in that lower place whither it is depressed The sign of a Cataract well couched The Surgeon shall trie whether it firmly remain there or no bidding the patient presently to move his eye for if it remain constantly so and do not re-again the cure is perfect Then must the needle be lifted up by little and little neither must it presently be taken forth that if the Cataract should bear up or rise again that it might again and so often whilest the work is yet hot and all things in a readiness be couched towards the lesser corner untill it be fully and surely hid Then must you draw back the needle gently and after the same manner as you put it in lest if you use not moderation you bring back the Cataract from whence you couched it or grievously offend the chrystalline humor the prime instrument of sight or the pupil with danger of dilating thereof Some as soon as the work is done give the patient something in his hand to look upon but Paulus approves not thereof Lib. 6. cap. 21. Whaâ— to be done after the c uching of a Cataract for he fears lest his endeavouring or striving to see may draw back the Cataract Wherefore it is more wisdom and better presently after the drawing forth of the needle to put on a soft rag the white of an egg beaten in rose-water with a little choice Alum and so apply it to the eye and neighbouring parts for to binde and hinder the inflammation then also you must together therewith binde up the sound eye lest by stirring to see it might together therewith draw and move the sore eye by reason of the sympathy and consent they mutually have by the optick nerves After all things are thus performed the patient shall be laid in a soft bed and so placed that his head may lie somewhat high let him be laid far from noise let him not speak nor eat any hard thing that may trouble his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as panado barly-cream cullisses gellies rear-eggs and other meats of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that bindes up the eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose-rose-water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustom himself to the light lest he should be offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it self up again it must be couched again but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many pieces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must be let alone for there is no doubt but that in process of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused and turn into a substance like to milk or troubled water Of a Cataract which is broken to pieces for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery if it be but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptoms come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the Ears and the falling of things thereinto The cause IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their ears a certain fleshly or membranous substance growing in their bottom or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostum or wound and the ear shut up by some fleshly excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottom of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure The cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out
or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheretick medicins in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the minde and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and near the brain wherefore by handling it too roughly there is fear of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternatural falling of some strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the ears such as are fragments of stone gold silver iron and the like metals pearls cherry-stones or kernels pease and other such like pulse Now solid and bony bodies still retain the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawn forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of ear-picks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gimblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the bodie Little stones and bodies of the like stonie hardness shall be forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing The concussive force of sneesing and by dtopping some oil of almonds first into the passage of the ear that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to pass by this sneesing or violence of the internal air forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may be cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if we cannot thus prevail it remains that we cut open the passage with an incision-knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oil and vinegar There is a certain little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the ears the French call Perse-oreille we an ear-wig This if it chance to get into the ear may be killed by the foresaid means you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying half an apple to your ear as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jaws and throat SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to stick The cure different according to the places where they stick or as it were fasten themselves in the jaws oâ— throat Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall be taken out with long slender and crooked mallets made like a Cranes-beak If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shall be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a drie fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust down into the stomack or plucked back with a leek or some other such long and stiff crooked bodie anointed with oil and thrust down the throat If any such like thing shall get into the weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharp things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all pains The Tooth-ach a most cruel pain there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients then the Tooth-ache For we see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piece-meal for we see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed worms some portion of them putrefying The cause of such pain is either internal or external and primitive The internal is a hot or cold defluxion of humors upon them filling their sockets The cause thereof and thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason thar they stand sometimes so far forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for fear of pain for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling down of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitterness of the pain is such The signs of a hot defluxion are sharp and pricking pain The signs of this or that defluxion as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the root of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signs of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse of pain we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to go in hand to pluck them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of curing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause Three scopes of curing the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of pain The two former scopes to wit of diet and diâ—eâ—ting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping-glasses to the neck and shoulders and scarification do absolutely belong to the Physician Now for proper and to pick medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of pomgranats plantain-water A cold and repercussive lotion for the mouth a little vinegar wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have been boiled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the pain of the teeth ought to be things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vinegar in such kind of remedies â„ž rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss seminis hyoscyami canquassatiÊ’ii santalorum an Ê’i lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lb. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warm You may also make Trochises for the same purpose after this manner â„ž sem hyosciami Trochises for a hot defluxion sandarachae coriandri opii an Ê’ ss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formenturque trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else â„ž seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an Ê’ ss let them all be beaten together with strong vinegar and made into trochises with which being dissolved in rose-rose-water let the gums and whole mouth be washed when need requireth But if the pain be not asswaged with these you
saccar alb an â„¥ i vitelios ovorum num ii olei anethini chamaem an Ê’ii fiat clyster In the interim let the kidnies be anointed on the outside with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galen and populeon used severally or mixed together laying a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate Remedies against the stone of the kidnies comming fâ—om a cold cause But if rhe concretion of the stone be of a cold cause the remedies must be varied as follows â„ž terebeinth venet Ê’i cort citri Ê’ii aquae coct Ê’ii fiat potio Or else â„ž cassiae recent extract Ê’ vi benedict lax Ê’iii aq faenic â„¥ ii aq asparag â„¥ i. fiat potio let him take it three hours before dinner this following apozeme is also good â„ž rad cepet bardan. gram an Ê’iii bismal cum toto beton an m. ss sem milii solis bard utrio an Ê’ii sem melon glycyrhiz ras an Ê’ii ss ficus num 4. fiat decoct ad quart iii in expressà collaturà dissolve sirup de raphan oxymelitis scilitici an â„¥ i. ss sacchar albis â„¥ iii. fiat opozema pro tribus dosibus clarificetur aromatiz cumÊ’i cinam Ê’ ss sant citrin let him take four ounces three hours before dinner â„ž rad petrosel faenicul an â„¥ i. saxifrag pimp gram bardan. an m. ss quatuor seminum frig major mundat millii solis an Ê’ii fiat decoctic cape de colaturâ lb. ss in quà dissolve sacch rub syrup capill ven an â„¥ i. ss Let it be taken at three doses two hours before meat The following powder is very effectual to dissolve the matter of the stone â„ž sem petrosel rad ejusdem mundat an â„¥ ss sem cardui quem colcitrapam vocant â„¥ i. let them be dried in an oven or stone with a gentle fire afterwards let them be beaten severally and make a powder whereof let the patient take ℈ i. ss or two scruples with white wine or chicken-broth fasting in the morning by the space of three daies Or â„ž coriand praep ℈ iv anis marathri granor alkakengi millii solis an Ê’ii zinzib cinam an ℈ ii turbith electiÊ’i cari ℈ ii galang nucis moschat lapid judiaci an ℈ i. fol. sennae mund ad duplum omnium diacrydiiÊ’ii ss misce fiat pulvis the dosis is about Ê’i with white wine three hours before meat Against the flatulencies which much distend the guts in this kinde of diseas glysters shall be thus made â„ž malu bismal pariet origani calament flor chamaem sumitat anethi an m. ss anisi carui cumini Cumitaâ—ive gâ—isters foenic. an â„¥ ss baccar laur Ê’iii sem rutaeÊ’ii fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve bened lax vel diaphaenic â„¥ ss confect bac lauriÊ’iii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem rutoe an â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž olei nucum vini mal an lb. ss aq vitae â„¥ ss fiat clyster let it be kept long that so it may have the more power to discuss the winde CHAP. XXXVIII What is to be done when the stone falleth out of the Kidnie into the Ureter OFt-times it falleth out that the reins useing their expulsive faculty Signs of the stone stopping in the ureter force down the stone whose concretion and generation the Physicians by the formerly prescribed means could not hinder from themselves into the ureters but it staieth there either by reason of the straightness of the place or the debilitie of the expulsive faculty Therefore then cruel pain tormenteth the patient in that place whereas the stone sticketh which also by consent may be communicated to the hip bladder testicles and yard with a continual desire to make water and go to stool In this case it behooveth the Physician that he supplie the defect of nature and assist the weak indeavors Therefore let the patient if he be able mount upon a trotting horse Remedies to force down the stone sticking in the ureter and ride upon him the space of some two miles or if he can have no opportunity to do so then let him run up and down a pair stairs untill he be wearie and even sweat again for the stone by this exercise is oft-times shaken into the bladder then presently shall be given or taken by the mouth such things as have a lenitive and relaxing faculty as oil of sweet almonds newly drawn and that without fire and mixed with the water of pellitorie of the wall and white wine Let frictions of the whole body be made from above downwards with hot clothes let Ventoses with a great flame be applied one while to the loins and another while to the bottome of the belly a little below the grieved place and unless the patient vomit of his own accord or by the bitterness of his pain let vomiting be procured with a draught of water and oil luke-warm for vomiting hath much force to drive down the stone by reason of the compression of the parts which is caused by such an endeavor Lastly if the stone descend not by the power of these remedies then the patient must be put into a Semicupium that is a Half-bath made of the following decoction â„ž malvae bismal cum toto an m. ii beton nasturt saxifrag berul parietar violar an m. iii. sem melonum millii solis A decoction for a bath alkekengi an Ê’vi cicer rub lb. i. rad apii gram foeniculi eringii an â„¥ iiii in sufficienti quantitate aquae pro incessu coquantur ista omnia inclusa sacco herein let the patient sit up to the navel neither is it fit that the patient tarry longer in such a bath then is requisite for the spirits are dissipated and the powers resolved by too long stay therein But on the contrary if the patient remain as long as is sufficient in these rightly made the pain is mitigated the extended parts relaxed and the passages of the urine opened and dilated and thus the stone descendeth into the bladder But if it be not moved by this means any thing at all out of the place and that the same totall suppression of urine do as yet remain neither before the patient entred into the bath the putting of a Catheter into the bladder did any thing avail yet notwithstanding he shall trie the same again after the patient is come out of the bath that he may be throughly satisfied whether peradventure there may be any other thing in these first passages of the yard and neck of the bladder which may with-hold the urine for the Catheter will enter far more easily the parts being relaxed by the warmness of the bath then inject some oil of sweet almonds with a syringe into the Vrethra or passage of the yard whilst all these things are in doing let not the patient come into the cold air But here I have thought good to describe a chair for a bath wherein the patient may fitly
juniperi coâ—quassat an â„¥ i. pulveris nuc moschat ziuzib caryophil piper an Ê’ i. de eâ— qued stillabat fiat unguentum vel linimentum cum cerà terebinth veneta pauca aq vitae addita this marvellously asswageth the pain of the Gout ariseing from a cold cause Another â„ž gummi pini laudani an â„¥ iv gummi â—lâ—mi picis naval an â„¥ ss terebinth venet claraeÊ’ vi chamaem liliorum an â„¥ vi vini rub lb. i ss aq vit salv an Ê’ vi dissolvantur omnia simul lento igne baculo semper agitando deinde adde pul ireos flor baccarum lauri et hermodactyl an â„¥ ii ss mastiches myrrhae et olibani an â„¥ ii farinae fabar â„¥ iv incorporentur omnia simul fiat unguentum molle Or else â„ž mucilag seminis faenugr in aceto extract quantum volueris cui misce mellis quantum sufficit let them be boiled together untill they acquire the consistence of an ointment Discussing fomentations These things shall be changed as often as need shall seem to require Also an anodine and discussing fomentations are good to resolve as this â„ž fol. rutae salv rorismar an m i. bulliant cum aceto vino and so make a decoction for a fomentation which you may use not only in a cold Gout but also in a hot because it resolveth and strengtheneth the part by astriction and freeth it from the defluxion you must have a care that the medicines which are used to pains of the Gout be changed now and then For in this kinde of disease that remedy which did good a little before Remedies must be often changed in the gout and now availeth will in a shott time become hurtful But if the contumacy and excess of the pain be so great that it will not yield to the described medicines then it is fit because the disease is extreme A great discusser to use according to Hippâ—crates counsel extreme such as are those which follow â„ž axungie gallinae olei laurini mastic cuphorb an â„¥ i. pulv â—â—phorb pyreth an Ê’ i. fiat litus herewith let the part be rubbed every day for it is a very effectual medicine For euphorbium and Pellitory by their heat attenuate and resolve the â—apons grease and oil of baies relax the oil of mastich strengtheneth the part and hindreth a new defluxion Also there is made a very anodine ointment of oil of Foxes wherein earth-worms An Anodine the roots of elecampane and bryony have been boiled with a little turpentine and wax this softens attenuates and resolves the cold humor impact in the joints Or else â„ž seminis siâ—â—pi pulviâ—â—rati aceto acerrimo dissoluti â„¥ iii. mellis anacardani â„¥ ii aqua vitae â„¥ i. salis com Ê’ ii let them be all mixed together and applyed to the pained part Or â„ž picis nigrae â„¥ iii. terebinth venetae â„¥ i. sulphuris vivi subtiliter pulverisati â„¥ iii. olei quantum sufficit liquefiant simul fiat emplastrum let it be spread upon leather and laid upon the part for two or three daies space if the patient perceive any ease thereby if otherwise let it be changed as we said before Some for the same purpose apply nettles thereto and presently after wash the part in the sea or salt-salt-water A vesicatory against the contumacie of the conjunct matter Others foment the part with vinegar wherein pigeons hath been boiled A vesicatory made of very sower leaven cantharides and a little aqua vitae is very powerful to evacuate the conjunct matter For thus the malign and virulent serum or whayish humor is let out whence follows some ease of the pain Now there are some goutie pains which cannot be lessened or asswaged unless by remedies more powerful then the distemper therefore vesicatories ought not to be rejected seeing that the Ancients in this affect have also made use of actual cauteries as we shall shew hereafter Chrâ—stâ—pher Andreas in his book termed Oecâ—itarie that is domestick physick much commends Ox-dung wrapped in cabbage or vine-leavs and roasted in the embers and so applyed hot to the grieved part CHAP. XVI Of local medicines to be applyed to hot or sanguin Gout HEre must we in the beginning make use of repercussives such as are cold and dry What repercussives are here required that they may contend with the morbifick matter by both their qualities also let them be astrictive so to add strength to the part But I would have you alwaies to understand that you must first premise general medicines â„ž albuminum ovorum nu iv succi lactucae solani an â„¥ i. aq rosar â„¥ ii incorporentur simul fiat linimentum saepius renovandum Others take the meal of barly lentils acatia oil of roses myrtles and with a little vinegar they make a cataplasm Or â„ž sumaâ—h myrtillorum boli arm an Ê’ ss acatiae corticum granat baulast an Ê’ i. aq plantag rosar an â„¥ iii. olâ— rosati â„¥ i ss aceti â„¥ ii farâ—nae hordei lentium quantum satis erit fiat cataplasma This is very excellent and effectual to stay or hinder phlegmonous and erisipelatous tumors Also you may make a cataplasm ex mucagine Cydoniorum in aquâ rosarum extractà cassia fistula oleo rosato aceto Or â„ž pampinorum vitis viridum m. ii terantur bulliant in oxycrato ex aquâ fabrorum cuiÌ„ adde sumach câ—â—quassat â„¥ i. olei rosat â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma Or else An excellent astringent cataplasm â„ž succi sempervivi hyoscyami portulacae an â„¥ iv corticum mali granati â„¥ i ss farinae hordie â„¥ v. vini austeri quantum suffâ—â—iâ— fiat cataplasma this is much commended for it hath entring thereinto wine and the pomgranate pill which both are very great astrictives and the juices are exceeding cooling the meal also hinders and thickens the sanguin humors that are ready to flow down and make the medicine of a good consistence Another â„ž fol. hyoscyami acetosae an m. i. involvantur papyro sub cineribus câ—quantur mox cum unguento populeon an t rosat â„¥ ii incorporentur and then lay this Cataplaâ—m thus made warm unto the part Another â„ž florum hyoscyami lb. ii ponantur in phialâ vitâ—eatà recende in fimo equino donec putruerint accipe ex putredine â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve olei de junipere â„¥ ss fiat linimentum ad usum Others beat pulp of a Gourd or Citrul in a mortar and so apply it Another â„ž mucilag sem psilii cydon extract in aq rosar solani an â„¥ iiii olei rosati â—â—phacini â„¥ iii. vini granat â„¥ i. vitellâ—s ovor cum albumine nu iii. camphoraeÊ’ i. encorporentur simul siat linimentum Or else â„ž ol rosat omphacini â„¥ iv album ovorum cum vitellis nu vi succi plantag et solani an â„¥ i. farinae hordei â„¥ iii.
incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â„ž farinae fabarum et hordei an â„¥ iii. â—lei rosati â„¥ ii oxycrati quantum sufficit câ—quantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â„ž mucilag sent psilii â„¥ iiâ—i â—l rosati â„¥ ii acet â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci ℈ i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governor of the hither-Spain as he overlooked the winowing of his corn Lib. 22. cap. â—5 was taken by the pain of the Gout in his feet wherefore he coverd himself with the Whear above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note-worthie which often happeneth that the pain cannot be altogether eased by such remedies by reason of the abundance of blood impact in the part wherefore it must be evacuated Phlebotomie to evacuate the conjunct matter and asswage pain which I have done in many with good success opening the vein which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the pain was presently asswaged Neither must we too long make use of repercussives least the matter become so hardned that it can scarce be afterwards resolved as when it shall be concrete into knots and plaster-like stones resolving medicines are to be mixed with repercussives conveniently applyed so to discuss the humor remaining as yet in the part whereof shall be spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of Locall medicines for a cholerick Gout What repercussives are beâ—e required THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of Gout ought to be cold and moist that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslain hous-leek henbane sorrel plantain poppy cold water and the like whereof may be made divers compositions As â„ž succi hyoscyami sempervivi lactuc. an â„¥ ii farin hordeiÊ’i olei rosati â„¥ ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum Let it be applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some think the brain of a hog mixed with white starchs or barly-meal and oil of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallows boiled in water and beaten with a pestil and applyed asswage pain â„ž mucilag sem psilii extract in aq solani vel resarum â„¥ ii â—arin hordei â„¥ i. aceti q s fiat linimentum Or else â„ž unguent rosat mesue popules an â„¥ iii. succi melâ—num â„¥ ii alb overum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â„ž fol caulium rub m. ii câ—quantur in â—xycrato terantur adde overum vitellos tres olei rosati â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit flugantur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts cane-weed and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oil of roses and barly-meal make a cataplasm In winter-time when as these things cannot be had green you may use unguent infrigidanâ— Galeni populeon A cerâ—te with opium Or else â„ž cerae albae â„¥ i. croci ℈ i opii ℈ iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit macerentur opium crocus in acelo deinde terantur et incorporentur cum cera et oleo fiat cetatum spread it upon a cloth and lay it upon the part and all about it and let it be often renewed Some cut frogs open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that pâ—in of the Sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have been asswaged by anointing the affected part with the mucous water or gelly of Snails The water of Snails being used for the space of seven or eight daies truth whereof was assured me by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemau a man of great honesty and credit who himself was troubled for six months space with the Sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snails put them in a copper-pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then press them in a course or hair-cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen rags and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there be great inflammation the Snails shall he boiled in Vinegar and Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boiled in Vinegar and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or bean flower are good against these pains Or else â„ž â—â—morum coctorum in lacte lb. i. butyri â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti â„¥ i fiat cataplasma There are some who take chees-curd newly made and mix it in a mortar with oil of Roses and barly-meal and so apply it it represseth inflammation and asswageth pain Others mix cassia newly extracted forth of the cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leavs of Coleworts and Dane-weed or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vinegar Others macerate or steep an ounce of linseed in Wort and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into a Cataplasm with some oil of Roses and barly-meal Some put oil of poppies to the pulp of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it An history This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoin of Basas that was throughly cured therewith when as he had been vexed long and much with gouty pains above the common custom of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridg-tile thick and strong and heat it red hot in the fire A particulars stove then put it into such another tile of the same bigness but cold least it should burn the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wort-leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burnâ—ng it Then let the patient endure the heat that comes there from and by sweat receive the fruit thereof for the space of an hour substituting fresh Dane-wort-leaves if the forme become too drie as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the hour be ended This being done let the part be dried with warm and drie linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteen daies and that in the morning fasting afterward annoint the part with this following ointment An ointment of the juice of Dane-wurt â„ž succi â—buli lb. i. ss olei com lb. i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a straight mouthed glass and well luted up then let it boil in balneo Mariae being first mixed with some wine untill the half thereof be consumed for the space of ten or twelve hours then let it cool and so keep it for use adding thereto in the time of anointing some few dropâ— of aqua
brought in this disease in success of time by the contrary revolutions of the Stars lose their power and become weak so that it may seem somwhat likely that at length after some few years it may wholly cease no otherwise then the disease termed Mentagra which was very like this in many symptoms and troubled many of the Romans in the reign of Tiberius and the Lichen which in the time of Claudius who succeeded Tiberius vexed not only Italy but all Europe besides Yet Physicians had rather take to themselves the glory of this less rageing disease and to refer it to the many and wholsom means which have been invented used and opposed thereto by the most happy labors of noble wits CHAP. VI. How many and what means there are to oppugn thir disease MAny sorts of remedies have been found out by many to oppugn and overcome this disease Why the decoction of Guaicum is not sufficient to impugn the disease Yet at this day there are only fouâ— which are principally used The first is by a decoction of Guaicum the second by unction the third by emplasters and the fourth by fumigation all of them by Hydrargyrum the first excepted Yet that is not sufficiently strong and powerfull for experience hath taught that the decoction of Guaicum hath not sufficient strength to extinguish the venom of the venerous virulency but only to give it ease for a time for because it heats attenuates provokes sweat and urine wasts the excrementitious humors by drying them it seemeth to cure the disease for that thereupon for some time the pain and all other symptoms seem more remiss but these endeavors are weak and deceitful as whereby that only which is more subtle in the humors in fault is exhausted and dispersed by sweat But Hydrargyrum is a certain higher power contains therein all the power of Guaicum Hydrargyrum is sufficient to overcome the disease yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dries it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humors upwards and downwards by the mouth and stool By which evacuations not only the more subtle but also the more gross and feculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may be bold to assure himself of certain victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guaicum fresh pains knots arise by the reliques of the more gross and viscous humors left in the cavities of the entrails but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guaicum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great log of a duskie color new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acrid and somewhat biteing taste The faculty the bark cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the virulency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the bark the other is a whitish wood which is next to the bark the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish The parts and more duskie part thereof The bark is more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lieth between both is of a mild temper The hot and fiery faculty of the bark Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require less drying Furthermore the bark must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fiery force thereof the humors may be made more fluid and the passages of the body more passable But I would here be understood to mean such bark as is not putrid and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it be shipped by our people the wood lieth in heaps upon the shore in the open air untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottom of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinks of the boards and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much diet When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherefore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellers under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldiness and rottenness Wherefore I do not like to give the decoction either of the bark or wood which is next thereto to sick people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guaicum FIrst you must have your Guaicum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shaveings The proportion of the Guaicum to the water add of fair water eight ten or twelve pints more or less as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seem to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warm especially if it be in Winter that so it may the more easily and throughly enter into the body of the wood and draw into it self the faculties thereof in the space of twenty four hours Why the decoction ought to be performed with a day heat wherein it is macerated then boil it in balneo to avoid empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boiling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but think the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen-pot well glazed over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may run over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish a way Howsoever it be made let it be boiled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient and disease shall seem to require There be some who mix divers simples therewith which have an occult and proper sympathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve instead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others add thereto purgeing medicines Whether in be fit to add purges to a decoction of Guaicum whose judgment I cannot approve of for that I think it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expel the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shews little evacuation by stool For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brook at once For purging draws from the Circumference to the Center but
sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many and great Physcians Hip aph ult sect 6. This first decoction being boiled out and strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuff or mass that so being boiled again without any further inâ—usion and strained with the addition of a little cinnamon for the strengthening of the stomach the patient may use it at his meals and between his meals if he be drie for his ordinary drink How and in what quantity the decoction must taken The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or six ounces and it shall be drunk warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and least the actual coldness should offend the stomach and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall be helped forwards with stone-bottles filled full of water and put to the sores of the feet If any parts in the interim shall be much pained they shall be comforted by applying of swines-bladders half filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it be unprofitable before the decoction be drunk to rub over all the body with warm linnen clothes that by this means the humors may be attenuated and the pores of the skin opened When he shall have sweat some two hours the parts opposite to the grieved places How to drie the sweat of the body shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves least a greater conflux of humors flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold air untill he be cooled and come to himself again some two hours after he shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seem to require six hours after betakeing himself to his bed he shall drink the like quantity of the decoction and order himself as before But if he be either weak or weary of his bed it shall be sufficient to keep the house without lying down for although he shall not sweat yet there will be a great dissipation of the vapors and venenate spirits by insensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the only communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it self in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advice of a Physician before the taking of the decoction of Guaicum so whilst he doth take it it much conduceth to keep the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat and driness of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veins by a glyster How long this decoct on must be used or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixth day But for the use of it we muâ—â— warily observe taking indication not only from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanness and their skin drie and scaly whence you may gather a great adustion of the humors as it were a certain incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without Quick-silver and other such like things And then a very weak decoction of Guaicum shall be used for a few dâ—ies before your unction with Quick-silver A more plentiful diet The manner of diet as it draws forth the disease which of its own nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hectick dryness Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudable juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much mo e cruelty to go about to contain all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damask prunes for I judg it far better to diet the patient with Lamb Veal Kid Pullets fat Larks and black-birds as those which have a greater familiarity with our bodies then Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread be made of white wheat To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drink be made of the mass or strainings of the first decoction of Guaicum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakness of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each a cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoid sleep presently after meat for so the head is filled with gross vapors Passions or perturbations of the minde must also be avoided for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all the delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venery wholly avoided as that which weakens all the nervous parts The description of China Many instead of a decoction of Guaicum use a decoction of China Now this China is the root of a certain Rush knotty rare and heavy when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it void of any effectual quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boiled in fountain or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol The preparation sect â„¥ ii aquae font lbxii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the mass remaining of the first but with a less quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boiling may draw forth the strength remaining in the mass and be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction thereof but that is wholly unprofitable and unuseful Of Sarsaparilla Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues Venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certain yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease be inveterate from an humor tough gross viscous and more tenaciously fixed in the solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumors of the bones for then we are so far from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary we bring the patient in danger of his life When the body
soever they be but only to be mitigated by gargarisms so onely to lessen the heat and that by this frequent washing of the mouth you may hinder the sticking or furring of viscid humors to such like ulcers A decoction of barly cows-milk warm held and gargled in the mouth the mucilages of the seeds of mallows marsh-mallows psilium lettuce line extracted in the water of barly mallows and pellitory of the wall are good for this purpose for thus the ulcers become more milde and the tenacity of the adherent humors is loosed You must at the first beware of strong detergent medicines for almost all such have acrimony joyned with them which will encrease the pain but chiefly in the state of the disease for so the ulcers gently clensed by frequent gargling would become worse by the use of acrid things Therefore it shall be sufficient to make use of the fore-mentioned medicines so to hinder the encrease of the filth and inflamation of the ulcers if so be that such ulcers be not too exceeding malign and burning For if it shall happen either by the powerful efficacy of the applied plaisters or by the violence of nature in its motion of the ill humors upward that such store of viscous and gross humors are carryed to the mouth that it wants little but that the part it self is over-ruled by the morbifick matter so that by the violence and continuance of the flux the mouth and jaws become so swelled that a gangrene is to be feared by hindering the entrance of the spirits and extinguishing of the native heat of these parts In this case we are forced to leave the proper cure for to withstand the accidents and for this purpose we use restrictive and repelling things such as are barly water plantain night-shade Restrictive and rep â— ing Gâ—rgarisms knot-grass shepherds-Purse and the like with syrup of roses violets quinces beâ—beries pomgranates and the like also such are the mucilages and decoctions of the seeds of lettuce psilium quinces plantain night-shade water-lillies wood-bind c. Also it is convenient to procure sweats by stoves or the application of any hot and dry things for thus the humors which run forth of the vessels into all the surface of the body are diverted But when as the course of the humors running to the mouth is beginning to stop and the tumors of ulcers begin to lessen then â—othing hinders but that we may use gently detergent things as syrup rosarum siccarum mel rosatum To drie the ulcers of the mouth Diamoron Dianucum and the like But when it is time to drie the ulcers they may be lightly touched with Alum-water or with Aqua fortis such as Goldsmiths have used for the seperation of metals They may also frequently use drying gargarisms made with astriction of the waters of Roses Plantain Night-shade Shepherds-purse Knot-grass and Dogs-tongue boiling therein baulastia ros rub myrtil sumach alumen acacia berber gallar malicor and the like During the time of fluxing or salivation you must diet and feed the patient with liquid meats and those of good juice and easie digestion for that then he can neither chaw swallow nor digest hard things For nature wholly intent upon the excretion of the noxious and peccant humors as also weakned by the bitterness of pain watchings and unquietness and consequently a great resolution of the spirits cannot insist powerfully upon the work of concoction Therefore he shall be fed with rear new-laid eggs candles of the same barly-creams Manner of diet when the mouth is ulcerated cullesses made of a decoction of knuckles of veal and a capon and gellies and with these in small quantity but frequently administred alwayes gargling his mouth before he eat For his drink he shall use a decoction of Guaicum aromatized with a little cinnamon but if any desire that the drink shall becom nourishment for that the patients cannot feed on more solid meats you may give them old wine To make drink nourish claret and thin mixed with som barly-water Some there are who steep some crums of pure manchet in the foresaid wine and then press it out but yet so that there may som part of the bread remain therein which may make it more nourishing and less sharp or acrid Others steep bread hot out of the oven in wine for the space of a night then they distill it all over in balneo Mariae the liquor which first comes over is more strong and hot but that which flows out afterwards more milde and such as the patient may use to mix with his wine without any danger for his better nourishment and the recovery of his strength For to refresh the spirits in fear of fainting muskedine hippocrat rose-vineger and the like put to the nose to smell to will be sufficient unless peradventure the patient should naturally abhor such things for so they would rather deject the powers and spirits In the Interim you must have care of the belly that you keep it open by gentle and emollient glysters CHAP. XIV Of the fourth manner of curing the Lues Venerea SOme have devised a fourth manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is by suffitus or fumigations I do not much approve hereof by reason of sundry malign sumptoms which thence arise for they infect and corrupt by their venemous contagion the brain and lungs by whom they are primarily and fully received whence the patients dureing the residue of their lives have stinking breaths Yea many while they have been thus handled have been taken hold of by a convulsion and a trembling of their heads hands and legs with a deafness apoplexie The hurt that follows upon fumigations and lastly miserable death by reason of the malign vapors of sulphur and quick-silver whereof Cinnabaris consists drawn in by their mouth nose and all the rest of the body Wherefore I can never approve the use of such fumigations which are to be received in fâ—mes by the mouth and nostrils for to work upon the whole body yet I do not dislike of that which is undertaken for some one part only as to dry up ill-conditioned ulcers which so affect it that they cannot be overcome by any other means or for to disperse or digest knots or to resolve fixed pains What fumigations good otherwise unmoveable These fumigations by reason of the admixture of argentum vivum have an attenuating cutting resolving and colliquating faculty Those who prepare these fumigations for the cure of the whole disease and body take this course They put the patient under a tent or canopy made close on every side lest any thing should expire and they put in unto him a vessel filled with hot coles whereupon they plentifully throw Cinnabaris The common manner of using them that so they may on every side enjoy the rising fume just after the same manner as farriers use to smoak their horses for the glaunders they repeat this
decoctio You may keep it for an injection to be often injected into the Vrethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow over thereat for then there is certain hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshie excrescences which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scalding of the urine A Sharp humor which flows from the Glandules termed Prostatae How caruncles come to grow upon the ulcers of the genital parts and continually runs alongst the urinary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the Vrethra in men but the neck of the womb in women In these as also is usual in other ulcers there sometimes grows up a superfluous flesh which oftimes hinders the casting or coming forth of the seed and urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischiefs arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old Callous caruncles hard to cure Signs For the later are more difficultly to be cured then the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oftimes cicatrized We know that there are caruncles if the Catheter cannot freely pass alongst the passage of the urine but finds so many stops in the way as it meets with caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water run in a very small stream or two streams or crookedly or only by drop and drop with such tormenting pain that he is ready to let go his excrements yea and oftimes doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed staies at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to press his yard to press forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped The supprest urine comes forth whereas it can get vent whence proceeds such distension of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing back â—nto the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinoeum cod yard groins As soon as we by any of the fore-mentioned signs shall suspect that there is a caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure thereof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so big that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily guess at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive thereat The fittest time for the cure Why venery must be eschewed The fittest season for the undertakeing hereof is the Spring and the next thereto is Winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidnies spermatick vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and wax hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence abundance of excrements in the affected parts much hinder the cure You must beware of acrid and corrodeing things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the Vrethra being endued with most exquisite sense may be easily offended whence might ensue many ill accidents Neither must we be frighted if at sometimes we see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helps to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by takeing away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it self is eased from the oppressing burden for the material cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherefore unless such bleeding happen of it self The particular cure it is not amiss to procure it by thrusting in a Catheter somewhat hard yet with good advice If the caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasms plasters A fomentation and fumigations you may thus make a fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alb an â„¥ .v. rad bryoniae foenic. an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m. ss sem lini foenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contundenda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aquà communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft spunges Of the mass of the strained-out things A cataplasm you may make a cataplasm after this manner â„ž praedicta materialia terantur trajiciantur A liniment adde axungiae porci unguenti basiliconis an â„¥ ii fiat cataplasma let it be applied presently after the fomentation You may use this following liniment whilst the cataplasm is providing â„ž unguenti alth agrippae an â„¥ iss aesipi humidae axung human an â„¥ i. butyri recentis olei lilior chamaem an Ê’vi liquâ—fiant simul addendo aquae vitae â„¥ i. fiat linimentum let it be applyed outwardly upon the part wherein the caruncles are For the same purpose plaisters shall be applied which may be diversified and fitted as you shall think good yet Emplastrum de Vigo truly made exceedeth all the rest in a mollifying faculty and in wasting such callous hardness Vigoe's emplaster effectual to soften a Caruncle The following fumigation is also good for the same purpose take some pieces of a mill-stone for this we use in stead of the pyrites mentioned by the Antients or else some bricks of large size after they are heated hot in the fire let them be put into a pan and set under a close stool then cause the patient to sit thereon as if he were going to stool then pour upon the hot stones equal parts of very sharp vineger A suffumigium and very good aqua vitae and casting clothes about him that nothing may exhale in vain let him receive the ascending vapor at his fundament perinoeum scrotum and urethra Moreover that this medicine may work the better effect you may put the patient naked into the barrel noted with this letter A. so that he may sit upon a seat or board perforated on that part whereas his genitals are then place the pan holding the hot stones between his legs then presently sprinkle the stones with the fore-mentioned liquor by the door marked with the letter B. Thus the patient shall easily receive the fume that exhales there-from and none thereof be lost he covering and vailing himself on every side Ad. Glauc lib 2. cap. 5. Such a fumigation in Galen's opinion hath a faculty to penetrate cut resolve soften and digest scirrhous hardnesses A Barrel fitted to receive the fume in CHAP. XXIII What other remedies shall be
used to Caruncles occasioned by the Lues Venerea Particular defaults of the Lues Venerea not to be cured unless by the general remedie of the virulency BUt if you suspect that these Caruncles come or are occasioned by a virulent humor or the malignity of the Lues Venerea it is meet that the patient observe such a diet as usually is presâ—ribed to such as are troubled with the Lues Venerea let him use a decoction of Guaicum and let the perinaeum and the whole yard be anointed with ointment made for the Lues Venerea otherwise the Surgeon will lose his labor In the interim whilst he shall sweat in his bed he shall be wished to hold between his legs a stone-bottle filled with hot water or else a hot brick wrapped in linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and aqua vitae for thus the heat and vapor will ascend to the genitals which together with the help of the applied ointment will dissolve the matter of the Caruncles Caruncles if callous must first be softned and being thus softned they must be consumed with convenient medicines Wherefore first if they become callous or cicatrized which you may suspect if they cast forth no excrementitious humidity they shall be exasperated excoriated and torn with a leaden Catheter having a rough button at the end like a round file He shall so long use the Catheter put into the Vrethra thrusting it up and down the same way so long and often as he shall think fit for the breaking and tearing the Caruncles he shall permit them thus torn to bleed freely so to ease the affected part You may also for the same purpose put into the Vrethra the Catheter marked with this letter B whereinto putting a silver wier sharp at the upper end that by often thrusting it in and out it may wear and make plain the resisting Caruncles Verily by this means I have helped many much perplexed with the fearful danger of this disease Some better like of the Catheter marked with this letter A being thus used it is thrust into the Vrethra with the prominent cutting sides downwards and then pressing the yard on the outside close with your hand to the Catheter in the place where the Caruncles are it is drawn forth again A powder to wast Caruncles The Caruncle thus torn shall be strowed over with the following powder being very effectual to wast and consume all Caruncles of the privities without much pain â„ž herb sabin in umbra exsiccaâ— Ê’ii ocrae antimon tut praeparat an Ê’ss fiat pulv subtilissimus let it be applied in the following manner Put the powder into the pipe or Catheter having holes in the sides hereof the which is the lower most of the last described Then put the Catheter into the urinary passage untill the slit or openness of the side come to the Caruncle How to apply it then into the hollowness of the Catheter put a silver wier wrapped about the end with a little linnen rag which as it is thrust up will also thrust up the powder therewith untill it shall come to the slâ—t against the Caruncle then will it adhere to the caruncle bloody by reason of the said attrition Then shall you draw forth the Catheter first twining it about that so it may not scrape of the powder again If intolerable pain hereupon happen it shall be asswaged and the inflammation restrained by the following injection â„ž An injection to hinder inflammation succorum portulacae plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ss album ovorum nu vi agitentur diu in mortario plumbeo let it bejected warm into the urethra with a syringe In stead hereof you may also make use of another injection which is formerly prescribed Neither will it be unprofitable to apply repercussives to the genitals to hinder pain and inflammation You may also use other medicines having a faculty to consume the Caruncle amongst which these following are excellent â„ž An Emplaster used by the Surgeons of Mountpelier for Caruncles viridis aris auripig menti vitriol Rom. aluminis roch an â„¥ ii infundantur omnia in aceto acâ—rrimo atque inter duo marmora in pellinem redigantur then let it be exposed to summers â—un and dried again infused in sharp vinegar and then as before ground upon a marble so that you finde nothing sharp with your fingers lastly let it be opposed to the sun untill it may be made into most subtil powder and all the acrimony be vanished which will be commonly in eight daies space Then â„ž ol rosat â„¥ iv lythargyr â„¥ ii coquantur ad ignem quosque coierint in emplast solidae consistentiae ab igne tum semotis adde pulv predict â„¥ ii let them be mixed with a spatula and put it upon the fire untill it come to so hard a consistence that it will stick fast to a wax candle or lead wier so that it may not come off by handling with your hands The Surgeons of Montpelier use this medicine This following is another â„ž tutiae praeparatÊ’vi antimonii Ê’iii trochiâ—c alborum Rhas camphorat Another Emplaster Ê’i corticis granati aluminis usti an Ê’iss spongiae ustae ℈ ii let them be all made into powder then â„ž ung diapompholigos alb Rhasis an â„¥ ii misceantur cum praedictis pulveribus in mortario plumbeo diu agitentur let a very fine rag be spread over with this ointment How to apply it and wrapped about a wax candle and so thrust into the Vrethra and then draw forth the candle by twining it a contrary way so let the end of the rag hang out of the yard so to pluck it forth again when as you shall think it hath done what it can to the Caruncle which is when it hath covered it with the medicine with which it was spread Some also make wax candles with a slender but â—â—â—st wick whose end which is to be put to wear and consume the Caruncle is compoâ—ed of the following medicine â„ž Emplastri nigri vel dyathylouis ireati â„¥ ii pulv sabinae ocrae vitriol Rom. calcin pul mer. an Ê’ ss omnia liquescant simul ad dictum usum Whilst the cure shall be in hand by these following medicines Let the patient be careful that he so shake his yard after making water A caution in making water that he may shake forth all the reliques of the urine which may chance to stop at the Caruncles for if but one drop should stay there it would be sufficient to spoil the whole operation of the applied medicines After that the Caruncle shall be worn away and wholly consumed by the described medicines Signs that the Caruncle is worn away which you may know by the urine flowing forth freely and in a full stream and by thrusting up a Catheter into the bladder without any stoppage then it remains that the ulcers be dried and cicatrized for which purpose the following
salivation If any Ulcers arise in the mouth and spread therein they shall be touched with the formerly described waters but made somewhat weaker having regard to the tender age of the patient if the Infant shall get this disease of its nurse let the nurse be presently changed for it being otherwise nourished with tainted and virulent bloud can never be healed Many have by these means recovered but such as have perisht have not perisht by the default of medicines but by the malignity and vehemency of the disease A description of the Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water formerly mentioned A Treacle-water â„ž rasor intereor ligni sancti gummosi lbii. polypod querni â„¥ iv vini albi dulcedinis expertis lbii. aqua fontan puriss lbviii aquar cichor fumar an â„¥ iv sem junip. heder baccar lauri an â„¥ ii caryophyl macis an â„¥ ss cort citri saccaro condit cons ros anthos cichor buglos borag an â„¥ ss cons aenulae camp theriac vet mithrid an â„¥ ii distil them all in Balneo Mariae after the following manner Let the Guaicum be infused in equal parts of wine and the fore-mentioned waters for the space of twelve hours The manner of making it and the residue of the things in that which remains of the same wine and waters for six hours space beating such things as may require it then let them be mixed together that so the liquor may be endued with all their faculties Which that it may be the more effectually performed let them be boyled put up in glass-bottles closly stopped for some three or four hours space in a large kettle filled with boyling water then let them be put into a glass Alembick and so distilled Give â„¥ iv of this distilled liquor at once being aromatized with Ê’i of Cinnamon and ℈ i. of Diamargariton and â„¥ ss of Sugar to give it a pleasing taste Such a drink doth not only reâ—und the virulency of the Lues Venerea but strengthens the noble parts Rondeletius makes an Aqua theriacalis after this manner Rondeletius his Treacle-water â„ž theriac vet lbi acetos m. iii. rad gram â„¥ iii. puleg. card ben an m. ii flor chamoem p. ii temperentur omnia in viro albo distillentur in vase vitreo reserve the water for use whereof let the patient take â„¥ ii with â„¥ iii. of Sorrel and bugloss-Bugloss-water he wisheth this to be done when he shall enter into bed or a stove for so this distilled liquor will cause sweat more easily and mitigate pain whether given by it self or with a decoction of grommel or of China or burdock-roots yet if the patient be of a phlegmatick constitution he shall use a decoction of Guaicum in stead of a decoction of China for it penetrates more speedily by reason of its subtilty of parts and also expels the dolorifick matter The end of the Nineteenth Book The TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Small Pox and Meazles As also of Worms and the Leprosie CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pox and Meazles FOR that the small Pox and Meazles are diseases which usually are fore-runners and foretellers of the Plague not onely by the corruption of humors but oftimes by default or the air moreover for that worms are oft-times generated in the plague I have thought good to write of these things to the end that by this treatise the young Surgeon may be more amply and perfectly instructed in that pestilent disease Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humors in the body Now the small Pox are pustles and the Meazles spots which arise in the top of the skin by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by the force of nature What the smal Pox and Meazles are Their matter Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the womb which lying still or quiet for some space of time but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter Summer or a southerly or rainy season or a hidden malignity in the air and boiling up or working with the whole masse of the blood spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body An argument hereof is there are few or none who have not been troubled with this disease at least once in their lives which when it begins to shew it self not conâ—ent to set upon some one it commonly seaizeth upon more now commonly there is as much difference between the small pox and meazles as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo For the small pox arise of a more gross and viscous matter to wit of a phlegmatick humor But the meazles of a more subtil and hot that is a cholerick matter therefore this yeilds no marks therefore but certain small spots without any tumor and these either red purple or black But the small pox are extuberateing pustles white in the midst but red in the circumference an argument of blood mixed with choler yet they are scarce known at the beginning that is on the first or second day they appear but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tumor becoming white before they turn into a scab but the meazles remain still the same Why the Meazles do not itch Furthermore the small pox prick like needles by reason of a certain acrimony and cause an itching the meazles do neither either because the matter is not so acrid and biteing or else for that it is more subtil it easily exhales neither is it kept shut up under the skin The patients often sneeze when as these matters seek passage out by reason of the putrid vapors ascending from the lower parts upwards to the brain They are held with a continual Fever with pains in their backs itching of their nose head-ach and a vertiginous heaviness and with a kind of swounding or fainting a nauseous disposition and vomiting a hoarsness difficult and frequent breathing an inclination to sleep a heavines of all the members their eyes are fiery and swollen their urine red and troubled For prognosticks wee may truely say this much That the matter whence this affect takes its original pertakes of so malign pestilent and contagious a quality that not content to mangle and spoil the fleshy part it also eats and corrupts the bones like the Lues Venerea as I observed not onely in Anno Dom 1568. but also in diverse other years whereof I think it not amiss to set down this notable example An history The daughter of Claude Pique a book-sellar dwelling in S. James his street at Paris being some four or five years old haveing been sick of the small pox for the space of a moneth and nature could not overcome the malignity of the disease there rose
the microcosmos or lesser world there are windes thunders earth-quakes showrs mundations of waters sterilityes fertilities stones mountains sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise For who can deny but that there is winde contained shut up in flatulent abscesses in the guts of those that are troubled with the colick Flatulencies make so great a noise in divers womens bellies if so be you stand near them that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night-time That water is contained in watery abscesses and the belly of such as have the dropsie is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles Of stones then the earth when it is heard to bellow and felt no shake under our feet He which shall see the stones which are taken out of the bladder and come from the kidnies and diveâ—â—e other parts of the body cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies Furthermore we see both men and women who in their face or some other parts shew the impression or imprinted figure of a cherry Of fruits from the first conformation plumb service fig mulberry and the like fruit the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty and the tenderness of the yielding and wax-like embryon easie to be brought into any form or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity For you shall finde that all their mothers whilst they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things which whilst they have to earnestly agitated in their mindes they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe whilst that they could not enjoy the things themselves Now who can deny but that the bunches of the back and large wens resemble mountains Who can gain-say but that the squalid sterility may be assimilate to the hectick driness of wasted and consumed persons and fertility deciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly But that â—ivers creatures are generated in one creature that is in man and that in sundry parts of him the following histories shall make it evident The figure of a scorpion It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and original of this Scorpion probable for that Chrysippus Dyophanes and Pliny write that of basil beaten between two stones and laid in the sun there will come Scorpions Lib. 5. de part morbic cap 7. Fernelius writes that in a certain souldier who was flat nosed upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certain filthy matter that flowed out of the nose that there were generated two hairy worms of the bigness of ones finger which at length made him mad he had no manifest fever and he died about the twentieth day this was their shape by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words The effigies of worms mentioned by Fernelius Lues Duret a man of great learning and credit An history told me that he had come forth with his urine after a long and difficult disease a quick creature of colour red but otherwise in shape like a Millepes that is a Cheslop or Hog-â—ouse The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine Count Charls of Mansfieldt last Summer troubled with a greivous and continual sever in the Duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard An history in the shape of a live thing almost just in this form The shape of a thing cast forth by urine Monstrous creatures also of sundry forms are also generated in the wombs of women somewhiles alone other whiles with a mola and sometime with a childe naturally and well made Nicolaus Flor God lib. 7. c. 18. as frogs toads serpents lizzards which therefore the Antients have termed the Lombards brethren for that it was usual with their women that together with their natural and perfect issue they brought into the world worms serpents and monstrous creatures of that kind generated in their wombs for that they alwayes more respected the decking of their bodies then they did their diet For it happened whilest they fed on fruits weeds trash and such things as were of ill juyce they generated a putrid matter or certainly very subject to putrefaction corruption and consequently opportune to generate such unperfect creatures Joubertas telleth that there were two Italian women that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth Lib. error popul the one that marryed a Taylor brought forth a thing so little that it resembled a Rat without a tail but the other a Gentlewoman brought forth a larger for it was of the bigness of a Cat both of them were black and as soon as they came out of the womb they ran up high on the wall and held fast thereon with their nails Lycosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia in the street which taketh name from the holy Ghost was delivered of a dead childe who had a Serpent fastned upon his back which fed upon this dead childe as you may perceive by this following figure The figure of a Serpent fastened to a Childe Levinus Lemnius tells a very strange history to this purpose Some few years agone saith he a certain woman of the Isle in Flanders which being with child by a Sailor Lib. de occult nat mir cap. 8. her belly swelled up so speedily that it seemed she would not be able to carry her burden to the term prescribed by nature her ninth month being ended she calls a Midwife and presently after strong throws and pains she first brought forth a deformed lump of flesh having as it were to handles on the sides stretched forth to the length and manner of arms and it moved and panted with a certain vital motion after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles but afterwards there came forth of her womb a monster with a crooked nose a long and round neck terrible eyes a sharp tail and wonderful quick of the feet it was shaped much after this manner The shape of a monster that came forth of a Womans womb As soon as it came into the light it filled the whole room with a noise and hissing running to every side to finde out a lurking hole wherein to hide its head but the women which were present with a joynt consent fell upon it and smothered it with cushions at length the poor woman wearied with long travel was delivered of a boy but so evilly entreated and handled by this monster that it died as soon as it was christned Lib. de divinis natur Characterismis Cornelius Gemma a Physician of Lovain telleth that there were many very monstrous and strange things cast forth both upwards and downwards out of the belly of a certain maid of
more hurtful to men and birds as those who are nearer to Heaven CHAP. VI. By using what cautions in Air and diet one may prevent the Plague HAving declared the signs fore-shewing a Pestilence Change of places the surest putrefaction of the Plague now we must shew by what means we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selves from it No prevention seemed more certain to the Antients then most speedily to remove into places far distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their return thither again But those who by reason of their business or employments cannot change their habitation must principally have a care of two things The first is that they strengthen their bodies Two things of chief account for prevention and the principal parts thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the poyson or the pestiserous and venenate Air. The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulencie in the body which may be done by correcting the excess of the quality inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrary For if it be hotter then is meet it must be tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For we ought besides to amend and purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity diffused through it by smells and perfumes resisting the poyson thereof The body will be strengthned and more powerfully resist the insected Air if it want excrementitious humors which may be procured by purging and bleeding Diet for prevention of the Plague and for the rest a convenient diet appointed as shunning much variety of meats and hot and moist things and all such which are easily corrupted in the stomach and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satiety and drunkenness for both of them weaken the powers which are preserved by the moderate use of meats of good juice Let moderate excercises in a clear Air and free from any venomous tainture precede your meals Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art Let the heart the seat of life and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applied and taken as we shall hereafter shew in the form of epithemes Discommodities of a cloudy or foggy Air. ointments emplasters waters pils powders tablets opiates fumigations and such like Make choice of a pure air and free from all pollution and far remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserve life to recreate and repair the spirits whereas on the contrary a cloudie or mistie Air and such as is infected with gross and stinking vapors dulls the spirits deject the appetite makes the body faint and ill coloured oppresseth the heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern winde is healthful because it is cold and drie But on the contrary Why the South winde is pestilent the Southern winde because it is hot and moist weakens the body by sloth or dulness opens the pores and makes them pervious to the pestiferous malignity The Western winde is also unwholsome because it comes near to the nature of a Southern wherefore the windows must be shut up on that side of the house on which they blow but open on the North and East-fide unless it happen that the Plague come from thence Kindle a clear fire in all the lodging Chambers of the house The efficacy of fire against the Plague and perfume the whole house with Aromatick things as Frankincense Myrrh Benzoin Laudanum Styrax Roses Mittle-leaves Lavender Rosemary Sage Savory wilde Time Marjarom Broom Pine-apples pieces of Firt Juniper-berries Cloves Perfumes and let your cloaths be aired in the same There be some who think it a great preservative against the pestilent Air to keep a Goat in their houses because the capacity of the houses filled with a strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibites the entrance of the venomous Air which same reason hath place also in sweet smells and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague then those who have eaten moderately for the body is not only strengthened with meat Moderate repletition good for prevention but all the passages thereof are full by the vapors diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Air would finde a more easie entrance to the heart Yet the common sort of people yield another reason for the Goat which is that one ill sent drives away another as one wedge drives forth another which calleth to my minde that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus A strange Art to drive away the Plague that there was a Scythian Physician which caused a Plague arising from the infection of the Air to cease by cauâ—â—ng all the Dogs Cats and such like beasts which were in the City to be killed and cast their carcasses up and down the streets that so by the coming of this new putrid vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its lodging The antipathy of poysons with poysons and so the Plague ceased For Poysons have not only an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other poysons Whilst the Plague is hot it is good not to stir out of door before the rising of the Sun wherefore we must have patience until he hath cleansed the Air with the comfortable light of his Beams and dispersed all the soggy and nocturnal pollutions which commonly hang in the Air in dirty and especially in low places and Vallies All publick and great meetings and assemblies must be shunned Whether in the Plague-time one must travel by night or by day If the Plague begin in Summer and seem principally to rage being helped forward by the Summers-heat it is best to perform a journey begun or undertaken for necessary affairs rather upon the night-time then on the day because the infection takes force strength and subtility of substance by which it may more easily permeat and enter in by the heat of the Sun but by Night mens bodies are more strong and all things are more gross and dense But you must observe a clean contrary course Why the Moon is to be shunned if the malignity seem to borrow strength and celerity from coldness But you must alwayes eschew the beams of the Moon but especially at the Full for then our bodies are more languid and weak and suller of excrementitious humors Even as trees which for that cause must be cut down in their season of the Moon that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently use some means that the principal parts may be strengthned by suscitating the heat and spirits and that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may be shut up from the infection coming from without Such as by the use of
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must â—huse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat â—ew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâ—e half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
not be stopped unless they exceed measure Moreover they must at such times take heed that they touch or handle not any of these things wherein the seeds or fuell of the pestilence may lye hid such as are hemp flax Places to be shunned in time of plague quilts and coverings wherein such as have had the plague have lain skins and all leather things hangings and cloaths You must dwell far from Church-yards especially from those wherein the corps of such as have died of the plague are not buried deep in the ground as in the Church of Innocents in Paris in which place by the same reason it sundry times happens that the bodies are plucked up rent and torn by dogs Also let them dwell far from places of execution shambles of flesh and fish from tan-houses diars tallow-chandlers cloth-dressers farriers skinners and from the places wherein metals are cast or wrought The filth and dung especially of Swine Privies standing and muddy waters and lastly all things of the like evill smell must be far remote from your habitation the belly must not be emptied into those places into which the excrements of such as have the plague are cast What company to be avoided The company of such as usually visit those sick of the plague must be eschewed as of Physicians Apothecaries Surgeons Nurs-Keepers Grave-makers and Bearers For though they have not the plague yet coming out of a pestilent place they may carry with them lying in their garments the seeds thereof You may gather this by such as have for a little while staied in a perfumers shop for the perfume diffused in the air bestows the smell upon the garments of such persons You must do nothing in a pestilent season whereby you may grow too hot so that gone from thence such as meet them will judg them to carry perfumes with them They shall also shun long watchings sound sleeping all passions of the mind especially anger hunger thirst journying in the Sun for that hath oft-times occasioned a diary fever which hath not seldom been seen to turn into a pestilent one for by dilating the pores of the skin they have given entrance to the pestilent air which by that means hath easily taken hold of the humor disposed to putrefaction CHAP. X. Of the Office of Magistrates in time of the Plague MAgistrates ought to have a special care that no filth be heaped up either in private or publick places let all things be kept neat in every house and let all the streets be kept clean the dung and filth be carried forth of the City as also the dead carcasses of killed dogs and cats for because they oft-times lick and devour the excrements of such as have the sickness Why dogs and cats must be killed in a Plague-time Why Baths and hot-houses are not then to be allowed therefore they may by their familiar entry into sound houses there propagate the Plague Wherefore they must either be driven forth of the City or killed and so be carried forth and buried deep in the ground Wells springs and rivers themselves must be freed and cleansed from all impurity Care must be had that musty corn tainted flesh nor stinking fish be not set to sale Publick baths and hot-houses must be prohibited for that in these mens bodies are weakned and made more yielding and pervious to the pestiferous air They shall commit the cure of such as have the plague to learned skilful and honest Physicians and Apothecaries and Surgeons Such as are known to have the Plague shall be separated from such as are free there-from and be sent to such fit places as shall be provided for them for this is better and more humanely done then to shut up every man in his own house They shall provide and fore-see that the houshold-stuff of such as have the plague be not set to sale They shal set signs and noted marks upon the houses seized upon by this disease least they should unawares run into danger Wherefore to the same purpose they shall procure that the Surgeons and others that visit the sick of the Plague may be known by some conspicuous mark that such as pass by them may be admonished of the danger they shall also take care that the bodies of the dead be buried as speedily as may be Such as die of the Plague do quickly putrefie For they sooner and more grievously putrefie in a short time then the bodies of others of what death soever they dye Wherefore neither birds nor ravenous beasts dare once touch their bodies though unburied for by tasting them they should quickly come to their deaths The keepers of the gates of the City shall be admonished that they take special care that such as are infected or come from a visited place do not enter into the City for from one the evill may come to spread it self further for one spark may set a whole City on fire and one scabby sheep infect a whole flock And because there is nothing which may more perfectly purge the air and cleanse it from all manner of noisomness and infection then fire they shall command that there be kindled and perpetually kept burning fires made with odoriferous and strong-smelling things as Juniper Turpentine Broom and the like Lib. 2 de occuli nat mirac In stead hereof Leuinus tells that the Souldiers of the Garrison of Torny used in a Plague-time to discharge their Canons laded only with powder turning their mouths upon the City and that morning evening that by the vehemency of the moved air the pestiferous fogs might be chased away The villany of some base people and by the heat of the burned powder the venenate and noisom quality of the air might be amended Lastly I judge it fit to admonish Magistrates that they have their eies and minds attentive upon a murderous and impious kind of Bearers and Nurs-keepers which allured with a desire of gain which whilst the Plague reins they get abundantly annoint the walls doors thresholds knockers of gates and locks with the filth and ointments taken from such as have the Plague that the Plague within a while after seizing upon these also the masters of them flying away and the family dispersed they may there reign alone and freely and without punishment carry thence what they please oft-times strangling such as lie ready to die least recovering they might be their accusers This I remember happened at Lions Anno Dom. 1565. CHAP. XI What caution must be used in chusing Physicians Apothecaries and Surgeons who may have a care of such as are taken with the Plague IT is the part of Magistrates in the so great necessity of the afflicted Common-wealth to appoint learned skilful and honest Physicians Surgeons and Apothecaries and such as have more regard to the Law of God then to gain to have the care and cure of such as are vinted But principally let them not take Surgeons and
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
grains of Treacle dissolved with a little of the syrup of Succory in some cordial water or the broth of a Capon unless that any had rather give it with Conserve of Roses in form of a bole but Treacle must be given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humors it infer a fever Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a Capon seasoned with Sorrel Lettuce Purslain and cooling seeds adding thereto Bole-Armenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce being tied in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For Bole-Armenick whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this virtue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it careth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may be cured by physick Lib. 9 simp ca 7 so that those that cannot be cured with Bole-Armenick cannot be preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warm moist and vaporous The benefit of children they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of Parslie-seeds Prunes Figs and the roots of Sorrel with a little of the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply sponges dipped and pressed out in the hot decoction of Sage Rosemary Lavender Bays Commomile Melilot and Mallows or else Swines bladders half filled with the same decoction to the arm-holes and to the groins In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to cool them Also let a nodula of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses be applied to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftententimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venom being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet and cordial things applied to the nostrils nature must be recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may be better able to expel the venom After that the sweat is wiped away it were very profitable to take a potion of Conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory dissolved in the waters of Bugloss and Sorrel the better to cool and defend the heart If there appear any tumor under the arm-holes or in the groin let it be brought to maturations with mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or cataplasm alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the age of the Infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubard in powder one dram The soâ—m of a purge to be given to a childe infuse it in the â—ater of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinnamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrup of roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the câ—re of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Fever as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my self by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortal men enjoy the true and certain preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The end of the twentie second Bood The THREE and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Means and Manner to repair or supply the natural or accidental defects or wants in Mans body CHAP. I. How the loss of the natural or true eie may be covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Books of Tumors Wounds Vlcers Fractures and Luxations by what means things dissolved and dislocated might be united things united separated The fourth duty of a Surgeon and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remains that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgion which is to supply or repair those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by any inflammation any mans eie happen to be broken or put out and the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroke or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eie yet you may cover the deformity of the eie so lost which is all you can do in such a case by this means If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eie artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightness or gemmy decency of the natural eie into the place of the eie that is so lost The forms of eies artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other means cannot wear this eie so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiâ—e of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eat-wiers made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behind above the ear unto the greater corner of the eie this rod or wier must be covered with silk and it must also be somewhat broad at both ends lest that the sharpness thereof should pierce or prick any part that it cometh unto But that end wherewith the empty hollowness must be covered ought to be broader then the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eie that is loâ— may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a sâ—â—ing or wier The form of an iron wier wherewith the deformity of an eie that is lost may be shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what means a part of the Nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole Nose is cut off from the face or portion of the nostrils from the Nose it cannot be restored or joyned again for it is not in men as it is in plants For plants have a weak and feeble heat and furthermore Why the parts of plants being cut off may grow again but those of man cannot it is equally dispersed into all the substance of the plant or
the eighth and sometimes which is most frequent in the ninth month sometimes in the tenth month yea sometimes in the beginning of the eleventh month Massurinus reports that Lucius Papyrius the Pretor the second heir commencing a â—â—it gave the possession of the goods away from him seeing the Mother of the Childe affirm that she went thirteen moneths therewith being there is no certain definite time of Childe-birth The childe that is born in the sixth moneth cannot be long-lived because at that time all his body or members are not perfectly finished or absolutely formed In the seventh moneth it is proved by reason and experience that the infant may be long-lived Why the childe is scarce alive in the eighth moneth But in the eighth month it is seldome or never long-lived the reason thereof is as the Astronomers suppose because at that time Saturn ruleth whose coldness and driness is contrary to the original of life but yet the physical reason is more true for the physicians say that the childe in the womb doth oft-times in the seventh moneth strive to be set at liberty from the inclosure of the womb and therefore it contendeth and laboureth greatly and so with labouring and striving it becommeth weak that all the time of the eighth moneth it cannot recover his strength again whereby it may renew his accustomed use of striving and that some by such laboring and striving hurt themselves and so dye Yet some strong and lusty women are thought to bring forth their children being lively and strong on the eighth month as Aristotle testifieth of the Egyptians Lib. 4. de hist anim cap. 7. the Poets of the inhabitants of the Isle of Naxus and many of the Spaniards Furthermore I cannot sufficiently marvel that the womb which all the time of childe-bearing is so closed together that one can scarce put a probe into it unless it be by superfoetation or when it is open for a short time to purge it self that presently before the time of childe-birth it should gape and wax so wide that the infant may pass through it and presently after it close up again as if it had never been opened But because that the travail of the first time of childe-birth is wont to be very difficult and grievous I think it not unmeet that all women a little before the time of their first travail annoint and relax their privy parts with the unguent here described â„ž sper ceti â„¥ ii ol amigd dul â„¥ iv cerae alb medul cervin â„¥ iii. axung ans gallin an â„¥ i. tereb Venet â„¥ ii make thereof an ointment to annoint the thighs share privy-parts and genitals Furthermore it shall not be unprofitable to make a tâ—uss or girdle of most thin and gentle dog-skin which being also annointed with the same ungguent may serve very necessarily for the better carrying of the infant in the womb Also baths that are made of the decoction of mollifying herbs are also very profitable to relax the privy parts a little before the time of the birth That is supposed to be a natural and easie birth The natural and easie child-birth when the infant commeth forth with his head forwards presently following the flux of water and that is more difficult when the infant commeth with his feet forwards all the other waies are most difficult Therefore Mid-wives are to be admonished that as often as they perceive the childe to be comming forth none of those wayes but either with his belly or his back forwards as it were doubled or else with his hands and feet together or with his head forwards and one of his hands sâ—â—erched out that they should turn it and draw it out by the feet for the doing whereof if they be not sufficient let them crave the assistance and help of some expert Chirurgian CHAP. XVI Signs of the birth at hand THere will be great pain under the navel and at the groins and spreading therehence toward the Vertebrae of the loins and then especially when they are drawn back from the Os sacrum the bones Ilia and the Ceccyx are thrust outward the genitals swell with pain and a certain Fever-like shakeing invades the body the face waxeth red by reason of the endeavour of nature aâ—med unto the expulsion of the infant And when these signs appear How the women that travelleth in childe-birth must be placed in her bed let all things be prepared ready to the childe-birth Therefore first of all let the woman that is in travail be placed in her bed conveniently neither with her face upwards nor sitting but with her back upwards and somewhat high that she may breath at more liberty and have the more power or strength to labour Therefore she ought to have her legs wide one from another and crooked or her heels somewhat bowed up towards her buttocks so that she may lean on a staff that must be placed overthwart the bed There are some that do travail in a stool or a chair made for the same purpose others standing upright on their feet and leaning on the post or pillar of the bed But you must take diligent heed that you do not exhort or perswade the woman in travail to strive or labour to expel the birth before the fore-named signs thereof do manifestly shew that it it at haue For by such labour or pains she might be wearied or so weakned that when she should strive or labour she shall have no power or strength so to do If all these things do fall out well in the childe-birth the business is to be committed to nature and to the Mid-wife And the women with childe must only be admonished that when she feeleth very strong pain that she presently therewith strive with most strong expression shutting her mouth and nose if she please and it the same time let the Midwife with her hands force the infant from above downwards But if the birth be more difficult and painful An unction to supply the defect of the waters that are flowed out too long before the birth A powder to cause speedy deliverance in childe-birth by reason that the waters wherein the infant lay are â—lown out long before and the womb be dry this ointment following is to be prepared â„ž but â—ri recentâ—s sine sale in aquà artemesâ—ae lâ—ti â„¥ ii mueaginis ficuum semin lini altheae cum aqua salinae extratiâ— an â„¥ ss olei â—ilierum â„¥ i. make thereof an ointment wherewith let the Midwife often annoint the secret parts Also this powder following may be prepared â„ž Cinnamom cort cassiae fistul dictamni an Ê’ i ss sacch albi ad pâ—udus omnium make thereof a most subtil and fine powder Let the woman that is in extremity by reason of difficult and painful travail in childe-birth take half an ounce thereof at a time with a decoction of line-seed or in white wine for it will cause more speedy and easie deliverance of
or in swallowing the milke What is to be observed in the milk We may judg of or know the nature and condition of milk by the quantity quality colour savor and taste when the quantity of the milk is so little that it wil not suffice to nourish the infant it cannot be good and laudable for it aâ—gueth some distemperature either of the whole body or at least of the dugs especially a hot and dry distemperature But when it superaboundeth and is more then the infant can spend it exhausteth the juice of the nurses body and when it cannot all be drawn out by the infant it clutteâ—eth and congealeth or corrupteth in the dugs Yet I would rather wish it to abound then to be defective for the superabounding quantity may be pressed out before the childe be set to the breast The laudable consistence of milk That milk that is of a mean consistence between thick and thin is esteemed to be the best For it betokeneth the strength and vigor of the faculty that ingendreth it in the breasts Therefore if one drop of the milk be laid on the nail of ones thumb being first made very clean and fair if the thumb be not moved and it run off the nail it signifieth that it is watery milk but if it sâ—â—ck to the nail although the end of the thumb be bowed downwards it sheweth that it is too gross and thick but if it remain on the nail so long as you hold it upright and fall from it when you hold it a little aside or downwards by little and little it sheweth it is very good milk And that which is exquisitely white is best of all For the milk is no other thing then blood made white Therefore if it be of any other colour it argueth a default in the blood so that if it be brown Why the milk ougâ—t to be very white it betokeneth melancholick blood if it be yellow it signifieth cholerick blood if it be wan and pale it betokeneth phlegmatick blood if it be somewhat red it argueth the weakness of the faculty that engendreth the milk It ought to be sweet fragrant and pleasant in smell for if it strike into the nostrils with a certain sharpness as for the most part the milke of women that have red hair and little freckles on their faces doth it prognosticates a hot and cholerick nature Why a woman that hath red hair or frecles on her face cannot be a good Nurse if with a certain sowerness it portendeth a cold and melancholick nature In taste it ought to be sweet and as it were sugered for the bitter saltish sharp and stiptick is nought And here I cannot but admire the providence of nature which hath caused the blood wherewith the childe should be nourished to be turned into milk which unless it were so who is he that would not turn his face from and abhor so grievous and terrible a spectacle of the childes mouth so imbrued and besmeared with blood what mother or Nurse would not be amazed at every moment with the fear of the blood so often shed out or sucked by the infant for his nourishment Moreover we should want two helps of sustentation that is to say Butter and Cheese Neither ought the childe to be permitted to suck within five or six daies after it is born both for the reason before alledged and also because he hath need of so much time to rest quiet and ease himself after the pains he hath sustained in his birth in the mean season the mother must have her breasts drawn by some maid that drinketh no wine or else she may suck or draw them her self with an artificiall instrument which I will describe hereafter That Nurse that hath born a man childe is to be preferred before another What that Nurse that hath born a man-childe is to be p eferred before another because her milk is the better concocted the heat of the male-childe doubling the mothers heat And moreover the women that are great with childe of a male-childe are better colored and in better strength and better able to do any thing all the time of their greatness which proveth the same and moreover the blood is more laudable and the milk better Furthermore it behoveth the Nurse to be brought on bed or to travail at her just and prefixed or natural time Why she cannot be a good Nurse whoâ—e childe was born befoâ—e the time for when the childe is born before his time of some inward cause it argueth that there is some default lurking and hidden in the body and humors thereof CHAP. XXII What diet the Nurse ought to use and in what situation she ought to place the infant in the Cradle BOth in eating drinking sleeping watching exercising and resting the Nurses diet must be divers according as the nature of the childe both in habit and temperature shall be as for example if the childe be altogether of a more hot blood the Nurse both in feeding and ordering herself ought to follow a cooling diet In general let her eat meats of good juice moderate in quantity and quality let her live in a pure and clear air let her abstain from all spices and all salted and spiced meats and all sharp things wine especially that which is not allayed or mixed with water and carnal copulation with a man let her avoid all perturbations of the minde but anger especially let her use moderate exercise Anger â—reatly hu teth the Nurse The exercise of the arms is best for the Nurse How the childe should be placed in the Cradâ—e unless it be the exercise of her armes and upper parts rather then the leggs and lower parts whereby the greater attraction of the blood that must be turned into milk may be made towards the dugs Let her place her childe so in the Cradle that his head may be higher then all the body that so the excremental humors may be the better sent from the brain unto the passages that are beneath it Let her swathe it so as the neck and all the back-bone may be strait and equal As long as the childe sucketh and is not fed with stronger meat it is better to lay him alway on his back then any other way for the back is as it were the keel in a ship the ground-work and foundation of all the whole body whereon the infant may safely and easily rest But if he lie oâ— the side it were danger left that the bones of the ribs being soft and tender not strong enough and united with stack bands should bow under the weight of the rest and so wax crooked whereby the infant might become crook-backed But when he beginneth to breed teeth and to be fed with more strong meat and also the bones and connexions of them begin to wax more firm and hard he must be laved one while on this side another while on that and now and then also on his
wherein they are wrapped They must not be rocked too violently in the cradle lest that the milk that is sucked should be corrupted by the too violent motion by reason whereof they must not be handled violently any other way and not altogether prohibited or not suffered to cry For by crying the breast and lungs are dilated and made bigger and wider What moderate crying worketh in the infant What immoderate crying causeth the natural parts the stronger and the brain nostrills the eyes and mouth are purged by the tears and filth that come from the eyes and nostrils But they must not be permitted to cry long or fiercely for fear of breaking the production of the Peritenaeum and thereby causing the falling down of the guts into the cod which rupture is called of the Greeks Enterocele or of the caul which the Greeks call Epiplocele CHAP. XXIV Of the weaning of Children MAny are weaned in the eighteenth month some in the twentieth but all When childreâ— must be weaned or the most part in the second year for then their teeth appear by whose presence nature seemeth to require some harder meat then milk or pap wherewith children are delighted and will feed more earnestly thereon But there is no certain time of weaning of children For the teeth of some will appear sooner and some later for they are prepared of nature for no other purpose then to chaw the meat If children be weaned before their teeth appear and be fed with meat that is somewhat hard and solid according to the judgment of Avicen they are incident to many diseases comming through crudity because the stomach is yet but weak Why children must not be weaned before their teeth appear How children must be weaned and wanteth that preparation of the meats which is made in the mouth by chawing which men of ripe years cannot want without offence when the child is two years old and the teeth appear if the child more vehemently desire harder meats and doth feed on them with pleasure and good success he may be safely weaned for it cannot be supposed that he hath this appetite of hard meats in vain by the instinct of nature Yet he may not be weaned without such an appetite if all other things be correspondent that is to say his teeth and age for those things that are eaten without an appetite cannot profit But if the childe be weak sickly or feeble he ought not to be weaned And when the meet time of weaning commeth the Nurse must now and then use him to the tear whereby he may leave it by little and little and then let the teat be anointed or rubbed with bitter things as with Aloes water of the infusion of Colocynthus or Worm-wood oâ— with Mustard or Soot steeped in water or such like Children that are scabby in their heads and over all their bodies and which void much phlegm at their mouth and nostrils What children are strong and sound of body and many excrements downwards are like to be strong and sound of body for so they are purged of excremental humors contrariwise those that are clean and fair of body gather the matter of many diseases in their bodies which in process of time will break forth and appear Certainly An often cause of sudden crookedness by the sudden falling of such matters into the back-bone many become crook-backt CHAP. XXV By what signâ— it may be known whether the childe in the womb be dead or alive IF neither the Chirurgians hand nor the mother can perceive the infant to move A most certain sign of the child dead in the womb if the waters bestowed out and the secundine come forth you may certainly affirm that the infant is dead in the womb for this is the most infallible sign of all others for because the childe in the womb doth breath but by the artery of the navel and the breath is received by the Cotelydon of the arteries of the womb it must of necessity come to pass that when the secundine is separated from the infant When the child is dead in the womb he is more heavy then he was before being alive no air nor breath can come unto it Wherefore so often as the secundine is excluded before the child you may take it for a certain token of the death thereof when the childe is dead it will be more heavy to the mother then it was before when it was alive because it is now no more sustained by the spirits and faculties wherewith before it was governed and ruled for so we see dead men co be heavier then those that are alive and men that are weak through hunger and famin to be heavier then when they are well refreshed and also when the mother enclines her body any way the infant falleth that way also even as it were a stone The mother is also vexed with sharp pain from the privities even to the navel with a perpetual desire of making water and going to stool because that nature is wholly busied in the expulsion or avoidance of that which is dead That which is alive wiâ—l not suffer that which is dead for that which is alive will expell the dead so far as it can from it self because the one is altogether different from the other but likeness if any thing conjoins and unites things together the genitals are cold in touching and the mother complaineth that shee feeleth a coldness in her womb by reason that the heat of the infant is extinguished wherewith before her heat was doubled many filthy excrements come from her and also the mothers breath stinketh she swoundeth often all which for the most part happen within three daies after the death of the childe for the infants body will sooner corrupt in the mothers womb then it would in the open air Lib. de tumorib because that according to the judgment of Galen all hot and moist things being in like manner enclosed in a hot and moist place especially if by reason of the thickness or straitness of the place they cannot receive the air will speedily corrupt Now by the rising up of such vapors from the dead unto the brain and heart such accidents may soon follow her face will be clean altered seeming livid and ghastly her dugs fall and hang loose and lank Why the belly of a woman will be more big when the childe is dead within her then it was before when it was alive and her belly will be more hard and swollen then it was before In all bodies so putrifying the natural heat vanisheth away and in place thereof succeedeth a preternatural by the working whereof the putrified and dissolved humors are stirred up into vapors and converted into winde and those vapors because they possess and fill more space and room for Naturalists say that of one part of water ten parts of air are made do so puff up the putrified body into a greater bigness You
already so that it may seem he may be drawn forth easily that way yet it must not be so done for so his head would double backwards over his shoulders to the great danger of his mother Once I was called unto the birth of an infant whom the Midwives had assaied to draw out by the arm so that the arm had been so long forth that it was gangrenate whereby the childe died I told them presently that his arm must be put in again and he must be turned otherwise But when it could not be put back by reason of the great swelling thereof and also of the mothers genitals I determined to cut it off with an incision knife cutting the muscles as near as I could to the shoulder yet drawing the flesh upwards that when I had taken oft â—he bone with a pair of cutting pincers it might come down again to cover the shivered end of the bone lest otherwise when it were thrust in again into the womb it might hurt the mother Which being done I turned him with his feet forwards and drew him out as is before said But if the tumor either naturally or by some accident that is to say by putrefaction which may perchance come To diminish the winde wherewith the infant being dead in the womb swelleth and is puffed up that he cannot be gotten out of the womb be so great that he cannot be turned according to the Surgeons intention nor be drawn out according as he lieth the tumor must be diminished and then he must be drawn out as is afore-said and that must be done at once As for example if the dead infant appear at the orifice of the womb which out Midwives call the Garland when it gapeth is open and dilated but yet his head being more great and puffed up with winde so that it cannot come forth as caused to be so through that disease which the Greeks call Mucrophisocephalos the Surgeon must fasten a hook under his chin or in his mouth or else in the hole of his eye or else which is better and more expedient in the hinder par of his head For when the scull is so opened there will be a passage whereat the winde may pass out and so when the tumor falleth and decreaseth let him draw the infant out by little and little but not rashly lest he should break that whereon he hath taken hold the figure of those hooks is thus The forme of Hooks for drawing out the infant that is dead in the womb But if the breast be troubled with like fault the hooks must be fastned about the chanel-bone if there be a Dropsie or Tympany in the belly the hooks must be fastned either in the short ribs that is to say in the muscles that are between the ribs or especially if the disease do also descend into the feet about the bones that are above the groin or else putting the crooked knife here pictured into the womb with his left hand let him make incision in the childs belly and so get out all his entrails by the incision for when he is so bowelled all the water that caused the Dropsie will out But the Surgeon must do none of all these things but when the childe is dead and the woman that travelleth in such danger that she cannot handsomly be holpen How the head of the infant if it remain in the womb separated from the body may be drawn out But if by any means it happeneth that all the infants members be cut away by little and little and that the head only remaineth behind in the womb which I have sometimes against my will and with great sorrow seen then the left hand being annointed with oil of Lillies or fresh Butter must be put into the womb wherewith the Surgeon must find out the mouth putting his finger into it then with his right hand he must put up the hook according to the direction of the left hand gently and by little and little and so fasten it in the mouth eie or under the chin and when he hath firmly fixed or fastened it he must therewith draw out the head by little and little for fear of loosning or breaking the part whereon he hath hold In stead of this Hook you may use the Instruments that are here described which therefore I have taken out of the Surgery of Frances Dalechamps for they are so made that they may easily take hold of a spherical and round body with the branches as with fingers Gryphon's Talons that is to say Instruments made to draw cut the head of a dead infant that is separated in the womb from the rest of the body Why the head being alone in the womb is more d fficult to be out But it is not very easie to take hold on the head when it remaineth alone in the womb by reason of the roundness thereof for it will slip and slide up and down unless the belly be pressed down and on both sides thereby to hold it unto the instrument that it may with more facility take hold thereon CHAP. XXVII What must be done unto the woman in travail presently after her deliverance Cold an enemy to women in travail THere is nothing so great an enemy to a woman in travail especially to her whose childe is drawn away by violence as cold wherefore with all care and diligence she must be kept and defended from cold For after the birth her body being void and empty doth easily receive the air that will enter into every thing that is empty and hence she waxeth cold her womb is distended and puffed up and the orifice or the vessels thereof are shut and closed whereof commeth suppression of the after-birth or other after-purgations And thereof commeth many grievous accidents What accidents follow the taking of cold in a woman that is delivered of childe as hysterical suffocation painful fretting of the guts fevers and other mortall disease What woman soever will avoid that discommodity let her hold her legs or thighs across for in so doing those parts that were separated will be joined and close together again Let her belly be also bound or rowled with a ligature of an indifferent bredth and length which may keep the cold air from the womb and also press the blood out that is contained in all the substance thereof Secundines must be laid to the region of the womb whilst they be warm Then give her some Capon-broth or Caudle with Saffron or with the powder called Pulvis ducis or else bread toasted and dipped in wine wherein spice is brewed for to restore her strenght and to keep a way the fretting of the guts When the secundine is drawn out and is yet hot from the womb it must be laid warm unto the region of the womb especially in the winter but in the Summer the hot skin of a weather newly killed must be laied unto the whole belly and unto the region
is done for the most part within twenty dales after the birth if the woman be not in danger of a fever nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerom mint sage rosemary mugwort agrimony penniroyal the flowrs of camomil melilote dill being boiled in most pure and clear running water All the day following let another such like bath be prepared whereunto let these things following be added â„ž farin fabarum aven an lb iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb i. aluminis râ—ch â„¥ iv salis com lb ii gallarum nucum cupressiâ— an â„¥ iii. rosar rub m. vi caryophyl nucum moschat an Ê’iii boil them all in common water then sew them all in a clean linnen cloth as is were in a bag and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath been extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travailed sit down therein so long as she pleaseth and when she commeth out let her be laid warm in bed and let her take some preserved Orange-pill or bread toasted and dipped in Hippocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweat if the sweat will come forth of its own accord A stringent so mentations for the privy parts On the next day let astringent fomentations be applied to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub m. i. thymi majotan an m. ss alaminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boil them all together in red wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation A distilled liquor for to draw together the dugs that are loose and slack for the fore-named use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectual to confirm and to draw in the dugs or any other loose parts â„ž caryophil nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ iss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. rech â„¥ iss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornn cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli amini â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hippuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb. F. aquae rosarum lb.ii. prunorum syvestr mespilerum pomorum quernorum lb. ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen cloaths or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may again keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travail in childe-birth are The causes of the difficult childe-birth that are in the woman that travaileth THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or child within the womb On the mother if she be more fat if she be given to gormanoize or great eating if she be too lean or young as Savanarola thinketh her to be that is great with childe at nine years of age or unexpert or more old or weaker then she should be either by nature or by some accident as by diseases that she hath had a little before the time of childe-birth or with a great flux of blood But those that fall in travail before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to be delivered If the neck or orifice of the womb be narrow either from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath been torn before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized again so that if the cicatrized place be not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will be in danger of death also the rude handling of the midwife may hinder the free deliverance of the childe The passions of the minde binder the birth Oftentimes women are letted in travail by shamefac'tness by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine be pulled away sooner then it is necessary it may cause a great flux of blood to fill the womb so that then it cannot perform his exclusive faculty no otherwise then the bladder when it is distended by reason of over-abundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the womb is much rather hindred or the faculty of childe-birth is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a Mole or some other body contrary to nature in the womb In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sird like unto that which is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravel or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may be the occasion of difficult childe-birth as if too big The causes of d fficult child-birth thâ—t are in the infant if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once it it be dead and swoun by reason of corruption if it be monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it be manifold or seven-fold as Allucrasis affirmeth he hath seen if there be a mole annexed thereto if it be very weak if when the waters are stowed out it doth not move nor stir or offer its self to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the air which being cold The exâ—ernal causes of difficult childe-birth doth so binde congeal and make stiff the genital parts that they cannot be relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakneth the woman that is in travail by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant or unexpert midwife who cannot artificially rule and govern the endeavors of the woman in travail The birth is wont to be easie if it be in the due and prefixed natural time Which is an easie birth What causeth easiness of child-birth if the childe offer himself lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner luâ—ty and strong those which are wont to be troubled with very difficult childe-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to go into an half-tub filled with the decoction of mollifying roots and seeds to have their genitals womb and neck thereof to be annointed with
is corrupted by taking the air and by the falling down of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrifies An historie I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her womb hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egg and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell down CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb BY this word falling down of the womb Remedies for the ascention of the womb we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the womb ascend upwards we must use the same medicines as in strangulation of the womb If it be turned towards either side it must be restored and drawn back to its right place by applying and using cupping-glasses But if it descend and fall down into its own neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttocks may be very high and her legs across then cupping-glasses must be applied to her navel and Hypâ—gastrium and when the womb is brought into its place injections that binde and drie strongly must be injected into the neck of the womb For the falling down of the womb properly so called stinking fumigations must be used unto the privie parts and sweet things used to the mouth and nose But if the womb hang down in great quantitie between the thighs it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all she must be so layed on her back her buttocks and thighs so lifted up and her legs so drawn back as when the childe or secundine are to be taken or drawn from her then the neck of the womb and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be annointed with oyl of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did sup drawing up as it were that which is fallen down After that the womb is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and clean cloth lest that by the slipperiness thereof the womb should fall down again the genitals must be fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegeanate pills cypress nuts gals roach allom horse-tail sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smiths quench their irons of those materials make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a Pessary of a competent bigness be put in at the neck of the womb but let it be eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them be made either with latin or of cork covered with wax of an oval form having a thread at one end whereby they may be drawn back again as need requires The formes of oval Pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessarie B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tied to the thigh When all this is done let the sick woman keep her self quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs across for the space of eight or ten dayes in the mean while the application of cupping-glasses will staye the womb in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if she hath taken any hurt by cold air let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation or this wise A discussing and hearing fomentation â„ž fol. alth salv lavend. rosmar artemis flor chamoem melilot an m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them be all well boiled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the better be received in the void and empty capacity of the belly for this reason the bladder is also to be emptied for otherwise it were dangerous lest that the womb lying between them both being full should be kept down and cannot be put up into its own proper place by reason thereof How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the womb Also vomiting is supposed to be a singular remedy to draw up the womb that is fallen down furthermore also it purgeth out the phlegm which did moisten and relax the ligaments of the womb for as the womb in time of copulation at the beginning of the conception is moved downwards to meet the seed so the stomach even of its own accord is lifted upwards when it is provoked by the injurie of any thing that is contrary unto it to cast it out with greater violence but when it is so raised up it draws up together therewith the peritonaeum The cutting away of the womb when it is putrified Lib. 6. the womb and also the body or parts annexed unto it If it cannot be restostored unto its place by these prescribed remedies and that it be ulcerated and so putrified that it cannot be restored unto his place again we are commanded by the precepts of art to cut it away and then to cure the womb according to art but first it should be tied and as much as is necessary must be cut off and the rest â—eared with a cautery There are some women that have had almost all their womb cut off without any danger of their life as Paulus testifieth Epist 39. lib. 2. Epist mâ—d John Langius Physician to the Count Palatine writeth that Carpus the Chirurgian took out the womb of a woman of Bononia he being present and yet the woman lived and was very wel after it Trac de miâ—and moâ—b caus Antonius Benevenius Physician of Florence writeth that he called by Vgolius the Physician to the cure of a woman whose womb was corrupted and fell away from her by pieces and yet she lived ten years after it An history There was a certain woman being found of body of good repute and above the age of thirtie years in whom shortly after she had been married the second time which was in Anno 1571. having no childe by her first husband the lawful signs of a right conception did appear yet in process of time there arose about the lower part of her privities the sense or feeling of a weight or heaviness being so troublesome unto her by reason that it was painful and also for that it stopped her urine that she was constrained to disclose her mischance to Christopher Mombey a Surgeon her neighbour dwelling in the Suburbs of S. Germâ—ns who having seen the tumor or smelling in her groin asswaged the pain with mollifying and anodyne fomentations and cataplasms but presently after he had done this he found on the inner side of her lip of
of water adding thereto cinnamon Ê’ ii in one pint of the decoction dissolve after it is strained of the syrup of mugwort and of hyssop an â„¥ ii diarrhâ—d abbat Ê’i let it be strained through a bag with Ê’ ii of the kernels of Dates and let her take â„¥ .iiii in the morning Let pessaries be made with galbanum ammoniacum and such like mollifying things beaten into a mass in a mortar with a hot pestel and made into the form of a pessary and then let them be mixed with oil of Jasmine euphorbium an ox-gall the juice of mugwurt and other such like wherein there is power to provoke the flowers as with scammony in powder let them be as big as ones thumb six fingers long and rowled in lawn or some such like thin linnen cloth of the same things nodula's may be made Also pessaries may be prepared with hony boiled adding thereto convenient powders as of scammony pellitory and such like Neither ought these to stay long in the neck of the womb least they should exulcerate and they must be pulled back by a thred that must be put through them and then the orifice of the womb must be fomented with white wine of the decoction of penniroyal or mother-wort What causes of the stopping of the flowers must be cured before the disease it self But it is to be noted that if the suppression of the flowers happeneth through the default of the stopped orifice of the womb or by inflammation these maladies must first be cured before we come unto those things that of their proper strength and virtue provoke the flowers as for example if such things be made and given when the womb is inflamed the blood being drawn into the grieved place and the humors sharpned and the body of the womb heated the inflammation will be increased So if there be any superfluous flesh if there be any Callus of a wound or ulcer or if there be any membrane shutting the orifice of the womb and so stopping the flux of the flowers they must first be consumed and taken away before any of those things be administred But the opportunity of taking and applying of things must be taken from the time wherein the sick woman was wont to be purged before the stopping or if she never had the flowers The fittest time to provoke the flowers Why hot houses do hurt those in whom the flowers are to be provoked in the decrease of the Moon for so we shall have custom nature and the external efficient cause to help art When these medicines are used the women are not to be put into baths or hot houses as many do except the malady proceed from the density of the vessels and the grosness and clamminess of the blood For sweats hinder the menstrual flux by diverting and turning the matter another way CHAP. LIV. The signs of the approaching of the menstrual flux WHen the monthly flux first approacheth the dugs itch and become more swoln and hard then they were wont the woman is more desirous of copulation by reason of the ebullition of the provoked blood and the acrimony of the blood that remaineth her voice becommeth bigger her secret parts itch burn swell and wax red If they stay long What women do love and what women do loath the act of generation when the months are stopped With what accidents those that are marriageable and are not married are troubled The cause of so many accidents she hath pain in her loins and head nauseousness and vomiting troubleth the stomach notwithstanding if those matters which flow together in the womb either of their own nature or by corruption be cold they loath the act of generation by reason that the womb waxeth feeble through sluggishness and watery humors filling the same and it floweth by the secret parts very softly Those maids that are marriageable although they have the menstrual flux very well yet they are troubled with headach nauseousness and often vomiting want of appetite longing an ill habit of body difficulty of breathing trembling of the heart swouning melancholy fearful dreams watching with sadness and heaviness because that the genital parts burning and itching they imagine the act of generation whereby it commeth to pass that the seminal matter either remaining in the testicles in great abundance or else poured into the hollowness of the womb by the tickling of the genitals is corrupted and acquireth a venemous quality and causeth such like accidents as happen's in the suffocation of the womb Maids that live in the country are not so troubled with those diseases because there is no such lying in wait for their maiden-heads and also they live sparingly and hardly and spend their time in continual labor You may see many maids so full of juice that it runneth in great abundance as if they were not menstrual into their dugs and is there converted into milk which they have in as great quantity as nurses as we read it recorded by Hippocrates Aph. 36 sect 5. If a woman which is neither great with childe nor hath born children hath milk she wants the menstrual fluxes whereby you may understand that that conclusion is not good which affirmeth that a woman which hath milk in her breasts either to be delivered of childe or to be great with childe Lib. 2. de subt for Cardanus writeth that he knew one Antony Buzus at Genua who being thirty years of age had so much milk in his breasts as was sufficient to nurse a childe The efficient cause of the milk is to be noted for the breeding and efficient cause of milk proceeds not only from the engrafted faculty of the glandulous substance but much rather from the action of the mans seed for proof whereof you may see many men that have very much milk in their breasts and many women that almost have no milk unless they receive mans seed Also women that are strong and lusty like unto men which the Latines call Viragines that is to say whose seed commeth unto a manly nature when the flowers are stopped concoct the blood and therefore when it wanteth passage forth by the likeness of the substance it is drawn into the dugs and becommeth perfect milk those that have the flowers plentifully and continually for the space of four or five daies are better purged and with more happy success then those that have them for a longer time CHAP. LV. What accidents follow immoderate fluxes of the flowers or courses IF the menstrual flux floweth immoderately there also follow many accidents for the concoction is frustrated the appetite overthrown then follows coldness throughout all the body exolution of all the faculties an ill habit of all the body leanness the dropsie an hectick fever convulsion swouning and often sudden death By what pâ—res the flowers do flow in a woman and in a maid The causes of an unreasonable flux of blood if any have them too exceeding
immoderately the blood is sharp and burning and also stinking the sick woman is also troubled with a continual fever and her tongue will be dry ulcers arise in the gums and all the whole mouth In women the flowers do flow by the veins and arteries which rise out of the spermatick vessels and end in the bottom and sides of the womb but in virgins and in women great with child whose children are sound and healthful by the branches of the hypogastrick vein and artery which are spred and dispersed over the neck of the womb The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatness and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels The criticâ—l flux of the flowers The signs of blood flowing from the womb or neck of the womb oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painful and a difficult birth of the childe or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the womb or by reason that the veins and arteries of the neck of the womb are torn by the comming forth of the infant with great travel and many times by the use of sharp medicines and exulcerating pessaries Oft-times also nature avoids all the juice of the whole body critically by the womb after a great disease which flux is not rashly or suddenly to be stopped That menstrual blood that floweth from the womb is more gross black and clotty but that which commeth from the neck of the womb is more clear liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choce of such meats and drinks as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtil parts so they are stopped by such meats as are cooling thickning a stringent and sliptick as are barly-waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fried or sodden with sorrel purslain plantain shepherd's-purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a Harts-horn burned washed and taken in astringent water will stop all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites coral beaten into most subtil powder and drunk in steeled water also pap made with milk wherein steel hath oftentimes been quenched and the flowr of wheat barly beans or rice is very effectual for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian-berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Julips are to be used of steeled waters with the syrup of dry roses pomegranats sorrel myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to be avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must chuse gross and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially Venerous exercises anger is to be avoided a cold air is to be chosen The institution or order of life which if it be not so naturally must be made so by sprinkling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat be then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a vein in the arm cupping-glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painful frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood Purging the body must be purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarb Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrup of Roses CHAP. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate flux of the terms and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may be the form of an unguent â„ž ol mastich myrt an Ê’ii nucum cupres olibani An unguent myrtil an Ê’ii succi rosar rubr â„¥ i. pulv mastichin â„¥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat anÊ’ ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made â„ž aq plantag An astringent injection rosar rubr bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressiâ— gallar non maturar an Ê’ ii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an Ê’i make thereof a decoction and inject it in a syringe blunt-pointed into the womb lest if it should be sharp it might hurt the sides of the neck of the womb also Snails beaten with their shells and applied to the navel are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coales and incorporated with the powder of Myrtles and Bole-Armenick and put into the neck of the womb are marvellous effectual for this matter The form of a pessarie may be thus A stringent pessaries â„ž gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar Ê’ii ammo Ê’ ss sang dracoâ— pulv rad symphyt sumach mastich fucci acaciae cornu cerust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an Ê’i caphur ℈ ii mix them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grass syngreen night-shade hen-bane water-lillies plantain of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as Oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loins thighs and genital parts but if this immoderate flux do come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the neck of the womb let the place be annointed with the milk of a shee-Ass with barly-water or binding and astringent mucelages as of Psilium Quinces Gum Tragacanth Arabick and such like CHAP. LVIII Of Womens Fluxâ—s or the Whites The reason of the name BEsides the fore-named Flux which by the law of nature happeneth to women monthly there is also another called a Womans Flux because it is only proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continual distillation from the womb The differences or through the womb comming from the whole body without pain no otherwise then when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reins or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertain seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the womb it differeth from the menstrual Flux because that this for the space of a few daies as it shall seem convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this Womans Flux yeeldeth impure ill juice somtimes sanious sometimes serous and livid otherwhiles white and thick like unto barly-cream proceeding from flegmatick blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore we see women that are phlegmatick and of a soft and loose habit of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites What women are apt to
at the mouth and sweats In the mean while let him put in an instrument made like unto a pessary and cause the sick woman to hold it there this instrument must have many holes in the upper end through which the purulent matter may pass which by staying or stopping might get a sharpness as also that so the womb may breath the more freely and may be kept more temperate and cool by receiving the air by the benefit of a springe whereby this instrument being made like unto a pessary is opened and shut The form of an Instrument made like unto a Pessary whereby the womb may be ventilated A. Sheweth the end of the Instrument which must have many hâ—les therein B. Sheweth the body of the Instrument C. Sheweth the plate whereby the mouth of the Instrument is opened and shut as wide and as close as you will for to receive the air more freely D. Sheweth the springe EE Shew the laces and bands to tie about the patients body that so the Instrument may be staied and kept fast in his place CHAP. LXI Of the Hoemorrhoids and Warts of the neck of the womb The differences of the Haemorrhoids of the neck of the womb LIke as in the fundament so in the neck of the womb there are Hoemorrhoides and as it were varicous veins often-times flowing with much blood or with a red and stinking whayish humor Some of these by reason of their redness and great inequality as it were of knobs are like unripe Mulberries and are called vulgarly venae morales that is to say the veins or hoemorrhâ—ids like unto Mulberries others are like unto Grapes and therefore are named uvales other some are like unto warts and therefore are called venae verucales some appear and shew themselves with a great tumor others are little in the bottom of the neck of the womb others are in the side or edg thereof Acrochordon is a kinde of wart with a callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root What an Acrochoâ—don is and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thred it is called of the Arabians veruca botoralis What a Thymus it There is also another kind of wart which because of its great roughness and inequality is called Thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by Venerous acts many times they have a certain malignity and an hidden virulency joined with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching only because they have their matter of a raging humor therefore to these we may not rightly use a true S. Fiacrius figs. but only the palliative cure as they term it the Latines call them only ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct Saint Fiacrius figs. CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the neck of the womb What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off THe warts that grow in the neck of the womb if they be not malignant are to be tied with a thred and so cut off Those that lie hid more deep in the womb may be seen and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilaters for the inspection of the Matrix Another form of a Dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. Sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the Matrix BB. Shew the arms or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these Dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bigness correspondent to the patients bodie let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as we have said when the childe is to be drawn out of her bodie That instrument is most meet to tie the warts which we have described in the relaxation of the palate or Vvula let them be tied harder and harder every day until they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chief scopes as bands sections Three scopes of the cure of warts in the womb An effectual water to consume warts cauteries and lest they grow up again let oil of vitriol be dropped on the place or aqua fortis oâ— some of the â—ee whereof potential cauteries are made This water following is most effectual to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’ iii. sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ ss beat them all together and boil them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick Unguents to consume warts of late affirmed to me that Ox-dung tempered with the leaves or powder of Savine would wast the warts of the womb if it were applied thereto warm which whether it be true or not let Experience the mistress of things be judge Verily Cantharides put into unguents will do it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousness which groweth between the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of Marigolds do certainly perform the self-same thing CHAP. LXIII Of Chaps and thâ—se wrinkled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call Condylomata What Chaps are CHaps or Fissures are cleft and very long little Ulcers with pain very sharp and burning by reason of the biting of an acrid salt and drie humor making so great a contraction and often-times narrowness in the fundament and the neck of the womb that scarcely the top of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leather or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speak eat nor open his mouth so that the Surgeon is constrained to cut it The cure In the cure thereof all sharp things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved place or part is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters and if the maladie be in the womb a dilater of the matrix or pessarie must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard and too much drawn together or narrow What Condylomata are and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certain wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of the flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edge of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease The cure such as are oil of
Pliny tells that the Emperor Nero in his time found magical arts most vain and false but what need we alledg profane writers when as those things that are recorded in Scripture of the Pythoniss of the woman speaking in her belly of King Nebuchodonozor of the Magicians of Pharoah and other such things not a few prove that there both is and hath been Magick Pliny tells of Denarchus that he tasting of the entrails of a sacrificed childe turned himself into a Wolf We reade in Homer that Circe in the long wandring of Vlysses changed his companions into beasts with an inchanted cup or potion and in Virgil that the growing corn may be spoiled or carried away by inchantments which things unless they were approved and witnessed by many mens credits the wisdome of Magistrates and lawyers would not have made so many Laws against Magicians neither would there have been a mulct imposed upon their heads by the law of the twelve tables who had inchanted other mens corn But as in magical arts the devil doth not exhibit things themselves as those which he cannot make but only certain shews or appearances of things so in these which are any waies accommodated to the use of Physick the cure is neither certain nor safe but deceitful captious and dangerous It is but a deceitful cure that is performed by the devil I have seen the Jaundise over the whole body cured in one night by a written scroul hanged about the neck also I have seen Agues chased away by words and such ceremonies but in a short while after they returned again and became much worse Now there are some vain things verily the fancies of old women which because they have long possessed the mindes of men weakned with too much superstition we term them superstitious These are such as we cannot truly say of them wherefore and whence they have the faculties ascribed to them for they neither arise from the temperament neither from the other manifest qualities neither from the whole substance neither from a divine or magical power from which two last mentioned all medicines beyond nature and which are consequently to be used to diseases whose essences are supernatural must proceed Such like old wives medicines and superstitious remedies are written figures and characters rings where neither the assistance of God or Spirits is implored Let me ask you is it not a superstitious medicine to heal the falling sickness to carry in writing the names of the three Kings Oâ—d wives superstitious medicines against divers diseases Gaspar Melchior and Balthasar who came to worship Christ To help the tooth-ache if one whilst Mass is in saying touch his teeth saying these words Os non comminuetis ex eo To stay vomiting with certain ceremonies and words which they absent pronounce thinking it suffiâ—ient if that they but only know the patients name I saw a certain fellow that with murmuring a few words and touching the part would stanch blood out of what part soever it flowed there be some who to that purpose say this De latere ejus exivit Sanguis Aqua How many prayers or charms are carried about to cure agues some taking hold of the patients hand say Aequè facilis tibi Febris haec sit atque Maria vigini Christi partus Another washeth his hands with the patient before the fit saying to himself that solemn Psalm Exaltabo te Deus meus Rex c. If one tell an Ass in his ear that he is stung by a Scorpion they say that the danger is immediately over As there are many superstitious words so there are many superstitious writings also To help sore eyes a paper wherein the two greek letters Γ and Α are written must be tied in a thread and hanged about the neck And for the tooth-ache this ridiculous saying Strigiles facilesque dentatae dentiumdolorem persanate Also oft-times there is no small superstition in things that are outwardly applyed Such is that of Apollonius in Pliny to scarifie the gums in the tooth-ach with the tooth of one that died a violent death to make pils of the skul of one hanged against the bitings of a mad dog to cure the falling sickness by eating the flesh of a wilde beast killed with the same iron wherewith a man was killed that he shall be freed from a quartain ague who shall drink the wine whereinto the sword that hath cut off a mans head shall be put and he the parings of whose nails shall be tied in a linnen cloth to the neck of a quick Eel and the Eel let go into the water again The pain of the Milt to be asswaged if a beasts Milt be laid upon it and the Physician say that he cures or makes a medicine for the Milt Any one to be freed from the cough who shall spit in the mouth of a Toad letting her go away alive The halter wherein one hath been hanged put about the temples to help the head-ach This word Abracadabra written on a paper after the manner described by Serenus and hanged about the neck to help agues or fevers especially semitertians What truth can be in that which sundry affirm that a leaf of Lathyris which is a kinde of Spurge if it be plucked upwards will cause vomit but broken downwards will move to stool You may also finde many other superstitious fictions concerning herbs such as Galen reports that Andreas and Pamphilus writ as incantations transformations Lib. 6. de simp and herbs dedicated to conjurers and devils I had thought never in this place to have mentioned these and the like but that there may be everywhere found such wicked persons who leaving the arts and means which are appointed by God to preserve the health of mans body fly to the superstitious and ridiculous remedies of sorcerers or rather of divels which notwithstanding the devil sometimes makes to perform their wisht for effects that so he may still keep them ensnared and addicted to his service Neither is it to be approved which many say that it is good to be healed by any art or means for that healing is a good work This saying is unworthy of a Christian and savors rather of him that trusts more to the devil then in God Those Empericks are not of the society of Sorcerers and Magitians who heal simple wounds with dry lint or lint dipt in water this cure is neither magical nor miraculous as many suppose but wholly natural proceeding from the healing fountains of nature wounds and fractures which the Surgeon may heal by only taking away the impediments that is pain defluxions inflammation an abscess and gangrene which retard and hinder the cure of such diseases The following examples will sufficiently make evident the devils maliciousness alwaies wickedly and craftily plotting against our safety and life A certain woman of Florence as Langius writes having a malign ulcer Lib. epâ—st 38. ep and being troubled with intolerable pain at the stomach
What an Embrocation iâ— when as from an high we as it were showâ— down some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronal future for that the skul is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this future more open then chose of the other futures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the brain The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physician They are boiled in water and wine to the half or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Bâ—ine against the cold and humid affects of the brain Sometimes of oyl and vineger otherwhiles of oyl only â„ž fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an Ê’ ii myrtil Ê’ i. flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decoct ad lb i. cum aceti â„¥ ii si alte subeundem sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the brain when we would repercuss we often and with good success use oyl of Roses with a fourth part of vineger We use Embrocations Their use that together with the air drawn into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humor may penetrate and so cool the inflamed part for the chief use of Embrocations is in hot affects Also we use Embrocations when as for fear of an haemorrhagy or the slying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bondages wherein the member is bound For then we drop down some decoction or oyl from high upon the bondages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower middle belly like to a fomentation not much unlike an embrocation What an Epitheme is They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or less penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seem to require for if you desire to heat more wine must be added as in swooning by the clotting of blood by the corruption of the seed by drinking some cold poison the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feverish heats also vineger may be added The matter of the medicines proper to the entrails is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected In the sixth Chapter and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them â„¥ i. or â„¥ iss of these of wine or else of vineger â„¥ i. You may gather this by the following example A cordial Epitheme â„ž aqu ros bugl borag an â„¥ iii. succi scabios â„¥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid Ê’ii cort citri sicciÊ’i coral ros ebor an Ê’ ss sem citri card ben an Ê’ii ss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi â„¥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Their use Epithemes are profitably applied in hectick and burning fevers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applied to the region of the lungs then of the heart for the heat of the lungs being by this means tempered the drawn in air becomes less hot in the pestilent and drying fevers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordial things so to temper the heat and recreate the vital faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquors and powders warmed is now and then to be applied to the affected entrail this kinde or remedy as also all other topick particular medicines ought not to be used unless you have first premised general things CHAP. XXXII Of Potential Cauteries The use of potential cauteries THat kinde of Pyrotick which is termed a Potential Cautery burns and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humors by those parts whereto they are applied Wherefore they are often and with good success used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venemous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unless the inflammation be gâ—eat for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poison calls forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmatick and contumacions tumors for by their heat they take away the force and endeavours of our weak heat Also they are profitably applied to stanch bleeding or eat or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring down the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The ma ter of them The materials of these Cauteries are Oke-ashes Pot-ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Fig-tree the stalks of Coleworts and beans cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Roman Vitrol and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heat is caustick and escharotiâ—â— like to an hot iron and burning coal Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skin together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers forms of them The forms of them Take of unquenâ—ht Lime extinguished in a bowl of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each four ounces these things must be beaten into a gross powder then must they be boiled over the fire and after the boiling let them remain in the Lye for four and twenty hours space being often stirred about and then strained through a thick and double linnen-cloth lest any of the earthly dross get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as clear as water they call Capiteum and they put it in a brasen Basin such as barbers use and so set it upon the fire and assoon as it boils they keep it with continual stirring lest the salt should adhere to the basin the Capitellum being half boiled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitriol so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the basin over the fire until all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut
cleansed Their matter The other way of making of gargarisms is without decoction which is when as we make them either of distilled waters only or by mixing them with â—yrups mucilages milk the whey of Goats-milk carefully strained There are mixed sometimes with a decoction distilled waters and mucilages mel rosatum oxymel simplex diamoron dianucum hiera picra oxy sacchara syrup de rosis siccis syrupus acetosus and other things as the present case shall seem to require as alum balaustia myrrh olibanum ginger pepper cinnamon drie roses and many such things even so that oft-times there enter into gargles such medicines as have force to draw from the brain as pellirory of Spain carthamus turbith and such things as have no bitterness which is the cause that neither agarick nor coloquintida ought to enter into gargarisms The quantity of liquor for a gargarism is commonly from lb ss to lbi mix therewith some â„¥ ii of syrups but put pouders sparingly as some Ê’iii Alum may sometimes be put in to Ê’vi let mucilages be extracted out of Ê’ii of seeds let these serve for some examples An astringent gargle An anodyne gargle â„ž plant polygon oxalidis an m i. rosar rub p ss hordei p i. fiat decoctio ad â„¥ viii in quâ dissolve syrupi myrtillorum Ê’vi dianucum â„¥ ss fiat gargarisma Or â„ž chamaemil aneth an p i. ros rub p ss passul mund ficumm an p iii. decoquantur it aequis partibus vini aquae ad â„¥ vi addendo mucag. sem lini foeungr an â„¥ ii fiat gargarisma Or else â„ž aq plantag ligust absinth an â„¥ ii mellis rosati colati Ê’vi syrup rosar siccar de absinth an Ê’vi fiat gargarisma A detersive We use gargles in the morning fasting after general purgations they are sometimes taken or used cold when as malign acrid and thin humors fall down sometimes warm but let these things be done according as the Physician shall advise CHAP. XXXVIII Of Dentifrices What a dentifrice is The differences The matter whereof they consist DEntifrices are medicines prepared and serving divers waies to cleanse whiten and fasten the teeth for from their use they take their name Of these some are drie othersome moist of the drie some have the form of opiats others of powder grosly beaten but the moist are commonly made by distillation the matter of drie dentifrices is taken from detergent and drying things such as are coral white and red harts-horn scuttle-bones alum chrystal pumice salt-nitre myrrh frankincense balaustia acorns all sorts of shells of fishes all these are to be made into powder either by burning or without it for scuttle-bones burnt cast forth a stinking and unpleasant smell To these for smell sake are added certain aromatick things as cinnamon cloves nutmegs and the like such powders if mixed with some syrups as oxymel scilliticum or with mucilage of gum Arabick and tragacanth will become opiats to be made into a pyramidal form of some fingers length round and square and sharp pointed that dried they may serve for dentrifices Sometimes emollient roots are boiled with salt or alum that dried again they may be used for dentifrices moist ones are made of drying herbs distilled together with drying and astringent things A powder for a Dentifrice All the differences shall appear by the following examples â„ž lapidis spong pumicis cornu cervi ust anÊ’ii coral rub crystal an Ê’i alum sal ust an Ê’i ss cinnamom caryoph rosar rub pulver an ℈ ii fiat pulvis pro dentrificio Or â„ž essis saepiae Ê’ ss mastiches coralli rubri usti an Ê’ii cornu cervi usti Ê’i ss aluminis carbonis rorismarini an Ê’i cinnamomi Ê’ii fiat pulvis pro dentrificio Or â„ž ossis saepiae alum salis usti an â„¥ i. chrystalli glandium myrrhae thuris an ℈ ii corticis grannatorum macis cinnamomi an ℈ i. fiat pulvis qui excipiatur mucagine gummi tragacanth formentur pyramides longae siccand pro dentrificio Or â„ž rad malvae junioris bismalvae an â„¥ ii coquantur in aquâ salsâ aut aluminosae deinde siccentur in furno pro dentifricio â„ž sali â„¥ vi alumin. â„¥ iii. thuris mastiches sanguis draconis an â„¥ ss aquae ros â„¥ vi distillentur in alembico vitreo pro dentrificio Their use Dentifrices are not only known good to polish cleanse and strengthen the teeth but we also oft-times use them for the tooth-ach the diseases of the mouth and ulcers of gums You may use them in the morning before and after meat The ancients of len isk-wood made themselves tooth-picks and such divices to strengthen their loose teeth which also at this day is in use with those of Languedock with whom this wood is plentiful so that it may be brought thence for the use of Noblemen and Gentlemen myrrh may also serve for this same use and any other astringent wood Our people commonly use the stalks of fennel yet have they no faculty to fasten the teeth but their smell is grateful CHAP. XXXIX Of Bags or Quilts PHysicians term a bag or sacculus What a bag or quilt is Their differences the composition or mixture of drie and powdered medicines put in a bag therefore it is as it were a drie fomentation Their differences are not drawn from any other thing then from the variety of the part whereto they are applied such as are for the head must be made into the fashion of a cap those which be for the whole ventricle must be made into the form of a eithern those for the spleen like to an oxes tongue lastly such as are for the liver heart and other parts must be made according to the figure of those parts Their matter is usually taken from whole seeds fried in a frying-pan or made into powder there are sometimes added roots flowers fruits rindes cordial-powders and other drie medicines which may be easily brought into powder and conduce to the grieved parts the quantity is different according to the magnitude of the affected parts In the books of practisers it is commonly found prescribed from â„¥ iii. to â„¥ vi ss Sometimes flowers and drie herbs are prescribed by handfuls and pugils and here there is need of an artificial conjecture to conceive and appoint a fit quantity of powders but let us give you some examples â„ž rosar rub p i. mastich â„¥ ss coralli rub Ê’iii sem anisi faenic an Ê’ii nucis moschat Ê’i summitat A quilt for the stomach absinth menth an m i. tritis omn ibus fiat sacculus consutus compunctus pro ventriculo â„ž furfuris macri p i. milii â„¥ i. salis Ê’ii rosar rub flor rorismarini staechados caryoph an m ii fol. beton A cap for a cold head salv an Ê’iii tritis omnibus fiat cucupha intersuta calefacta fumo thuris sandarachae exustorum
may perceive by the happy success of such as have used them against the Dysentery Besides these there are also other baths made by art of simple water The faulty of a bath of warm-water sometimes without the ad mixture of any other thing but otherwhiles with medicinal things mixed therewith and boiled therein But after what manner soever these be made they ought to he warm for warm-water humects relaxes mollifies the solid parts if at any time they be too drye hard and dense by the ascititious heat it opens the pores of the skin digests and attracts and discusses fuliginous and acrid excrements remaining between the flesh and the skin It is good against sun-burning and weatiness whereby the similar parts are dried more then is fit To conclude whether we be too hot or cold or too drye or be nauseous we finde manifest profits by baths made of sweet or warm water as those that my supply the defect of frictions and exercises for they bring the body to a mediocrity of temper they increase and strengthen the native colour and by procuring sweat discusse statulencies therefore they are very useful in hectick fevers and in the declension of all fevers and against raving and talking idlely for the procuring sleep Why we put oil in to baths But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oyl be mixed or put upon them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skin These baths are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurative to exclusion when as general remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion to the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain-water then river-water so that it be not muddy and then fountain-water the water of standing-Lakes and sens is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should be light and of subtil parts for baths of waters which are more then immoderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body keep in the fuliginous excrements under the skin other baths of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations do whence it is that some of them relax others mitigate pain others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine otherwhiles oyl sometimes fresh butter or milk as when the urine is stopped when nephiritick pains are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habit of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hectick driness for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watered and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate and transfuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmness of a bath Anodyne baths are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which we may also sometimes mix resolving things they are boiled in water wine especially in pains of the cholick proceeding from vitreous phlegm or gross thick flatulencies contained or shut up in the belly Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat kidnies or womb In such baths it is not fit to sweat but only to sit in them so long untill the bitterness of the pain be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by pain should be more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scails or crust of scabs is more hard then usual then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skin that it may not yeeld it self so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may appear A mollifying and anodyne-bath â„ž rad lilior bismalv an lbii. malv. parlet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lbi flor cham melil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permisceto olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Cautions to be observed in the use of baths B ths though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unless they be fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they do much harm for they cause shakings and chilness pains density of the skin or too much rarefaction thereof and oft-times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must be mindeful of these cautions before he enter into a bath First that there be no weakness of any noble principal bowel for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath defused and rarified the wayes lying open which tend from the whole body to the principal parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humors in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not only fit that general purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should be strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needful Lastly the bath ought to be in a warm and silent place lest any cold air by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a fever may ensue The fitâ—est time for bathing The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomach being fasting and empty or six hours after meat if it be requisite that the Patient should bath twice a day otherwise the meat yet crude would be snatched by the heat of the bath out of the stomach into the veins and habit of the body Many of all the seasons of the year make choice of the spring and end of Summer and in these times they chuse a clear day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharp an air As long as the Patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meat unless peradventure to comfort him he take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damask-prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humid and spirituous substance is much dissipated How to order the patient comming forth of the bath Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed be well covered that by sweating the
excrements drawn unto the skin by the heat of the bath may break out the sweat cleansed let them use gentle frictions or walking then let him feed upon meat of good juice and easie digestion by reason that the stomach cannot but be weakned in some sort by the bath The quantity of meat is judged moderate the weight whereof shall not oppress the stomach Venery after bathing must not be used because to the resolution of the spirits by the bath it adds another new cause of further spending or dissipating them Some wish those that use the bath by reason of some contraction pain or other affects of the nerves presently after bathing to dawb or besmear the affected nervous part with the clay or mud of the bath that by making it up as it were in this place the virtue of the bath may work more effectually and may more throughly enter into the â—ffected part These cautions being diligently observed there is no doubt but the profit by baths will be great and wonderful the same things are to be observed in the use of stoves or hot-houses for the use and effects of baths and Hot-houses is almost the same which the antients therefore used by turn so that comming forth of the bath they entered a stove and called it also by the name of a bath as you may gather from sundry places of Galen in his Methodus med wherefore I think it fit in the next to speak of them CHAP. XLIII Of Stoves or Hot-houses SToves are either drye or moist Drye by raising a hot and drye aiery exhalation The differences of Stoves How made so to imprint their faculties in the body that it thereby waxeth hot and the pores being opened run down with sweat There are divers wayes to raise such an exhalation at Paris and wheresoever there are stoves or publick hot-houses they are raised by a clear fire put under a vaulted furnace whence it being presently diffused heats the whole room Yet every one may make himself such a stove as he shall judg best and fittest Also you may put red hot cogle-stones or bricks into a tub having first laid the bottom thereof with bricks or iron-plates and so set a seat in the midst thereof wherein the patient sitting well covered with a canopy drawn over him may receive the exhalation arising from the stones that are about him and so have the benefit of sweating but in this case we must oft look to and see the patient for it sometimes happens that some neglected by their keepers otherwise employed becoming faint and their sense failing them by the dissipation of their spirits by the force of the hot exhalation have sunk down with all their bodies upon the stones lying under them and so have been carried half dead and burnt into their beds Some also take the benefit of sweating in a fornace or oven as soon as bread is drawn out thereof But I do not much approve of this kinde of sweating because the patient cannot as he will much less as he pleaseth lye or turn himself therein The delineation of a bathing tub having a dâ—uble bottom with a vessel near thereto with pipes commiâ—g therefrom and entring between the two bottoms of the Tub. CHAP. XLIV Of Fuci that is washes and such things for the smoothing and beautifying of the skin THis following discourse is not intended for those women which addicted to filthy lust seek to beautify their faces as baits and allurements to filthy pleasures but it is intended for those only which the better to restrain the wandring lusts of their husbands may endeavour by art to take away those spots and deformities which have happened to fall on their faces either by accident or age The color that appears in the face either laudable or illaudable As the color of the skin is such is the humor that is thereunder abundantly shews the temper both of the body as also of those humors that have the chief dominion therein for every humor dyes the skin of the whole body but chiefly of the face with the color thereof for choler bearing sway in the body the face looks yellowish phlegm ruling it looks whitish or pale if melancholy exceed then blackish or swarth but if blood have the dominion the color is fresh and red Yet there are other things happening externally which change the native color of the face as sun-burning cold pleasure sorrow fear watching fasting pain old diseases the corruption of meats and drinks for the flourishing color of the cheeks is not only extinguished by the immoderate use of vineger but by drinking of corrupt waters the face becomes swoln and pale On the contrary laudable meats and drinks make the body to be well colored and comely for that they yeeld good juice and consequently a good habit Therefore if the spots of the face proceed from the plentitude and ill disposition of humors the body shall be evacuated by blood-letting if from the infirmity of any principal bowel that must first of all be strengthened but the care of all things belongs to the Physician we here only seek after particular remedies which may smooth the face and take away the spots and other defects thereof and give it a laudable colour Waters wherewith to wash the face First the face shall be washed with the water of lilly-flowers of bean-flowers water-lillies of distilled milk or else with the water wherein some barly or starch hath been steeped The dried face shall be anointed with the ointments presently to he described for such washing cleanseth and prepareth the face to receive the force of the ointments no otherwise then an alumed lye prepairs the hairs to drink up and retain the color that we desire Therefore the face being thus cleansed and prepared you may use the following medicines as those that have a faculty to beautifie extend and smooth the skin as Compound liquors wherewith to wash the face Virgins milk â„ž gum tragacanth conquess Ê’ii distemperentur in vase vitrio cum lb ii aquae communis sic gummi dissolventur inde albescet aqua Or else â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ â—i cerus salis câ—m an â„¥ ss aceti aquae plantag an â„¥ ii caphur Ê’ ss macerentur lithargyres câ—rusa in aceto seâ—â—sim per tres aut quatuor horas sal vero camphora in aqua quam instituto tuo aptam delegeris then filter them both several and mix them together being so filtered when as you would use them â„ž lactis vaccini lb ii aranciorum et limon an nu iv saccari albissimi et alum roch an â„¥ i. distillentur omnia simul let Lemmons and Oranges be cut into slices and then be infused in milk adding thereto the sugar and alum then let the mall be distilled together in balneo Mariae the water that comes thereof will make the face smooth and lovely Therefore about bed-time it will be good to cover the face with
linnen-clothes dipped therein A water also distilled of snails gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowers of white mullain mixed together in equal proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of Elm-leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž micae panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor nenuph. lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti â—pt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitrâ—c fiat aqua ad faciei et manuum lotionem Or â„ž olei de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i. ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat linimentum profacie Or â„ž caponem vivum et caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu iv cerus lâ—t in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. â„¥ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo The marrow of sheeps-bones good to smooth the face There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheeps-bones which smooths the roughness of the skin beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boiling beat them and so boil them in water when they are well boiled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swims upon it and there with anoint your face when as you go to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water How to make Sal ceâ—ussa â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul et fiat linimentum addendo olei ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Ceruss into very fine powder and infuse lb 1. thereof in a bottle of distilled vineger for four or five daies then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessel over a gentle fire until it concrete into salt just as you do the capitellum in making of cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them all be incorporated in a marble morter and kept in a glass or silver vessel and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevails against the redness of the face if after the anointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloth moistened in the former described water â„ž sul lim Ê’i argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ii margarit non perforat Ê’i caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur et fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aquâ myrti et desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde follorum auri et argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palm of your hand a little oyl of mastich or of sweet-almonds then presently in that oyl dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and again in the morning when you arise How to paint the face When the face is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheeks with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautiful color for this purpose take as much as you shall think fit of brasil and alchunet steep them in alum-water and therewith touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps-skin died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand only causeth a pleasing redness in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits GHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and cheeks Why worse in winter then in summar and oft-times all the face besides one while with a tumor otherwhiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixture of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacca This shews both more and more ugly in winter then in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skin so that the matter contained thereunder is bent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skin into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft-times not to be helped by medicine For the general method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstain from wine Diet. and from all things in general that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shun hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena frontis and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leeches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping-glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate Remedies the hardness shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physician shall think fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum An approved ointment argenti vivi cum saliva et sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ii farin ciser et fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’i cum melle et succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantain-water and spread them upon linnen cloths and so apply them on the night-time to the affected parts and so let them oft-times be renewed â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei sem cucurb et succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be annointed when you go to bed in the morning let it be washed away with rose-rose-water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vineger boiled with bran and rose-water and applied as before powerfully takes away the redness of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphuris vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquae rosarum linnen cloths dipped herein shall be applied to the
face on the night and it shall be washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of brain this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lbi butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor which is distilled for the first dayes is troubeled and stinking but those passed it becometh clear and well smelling Some boil bran in vineger and the water of water-lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply a cloth moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening â„ž album ovor nu â—i aquae ros â„¥ i ss sucei plantag lapath. acut an â„¥ i ss sublimati ℈ i. incorpopentur in mortario marmoreo â„ž axung porci decies in aceto lotae â„¥ iv argenti vivi â„¥ i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an Ê’i pistenâ—ur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi â„ž rad lapath. acut asphodel an â„¥ ii conquantur in aceto scilltico postea tundantur et setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti Ê’ii sulphuris vivi Ê’x let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to drye up the pustles â„ž rad liliorum sub cineribus câ—ctorum â„¥ iv pistillo tusis et setaceo trajectis adde butyri receutis et axung porci lotae in aceto an â„¥ i. sulphuris vivi Ê’iii camphor ℈ iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit To drye up the pustles malaxentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis â„¥ ss sulphuris vivi â„¥ i. succi limonum â„¥ iv salis com Ê’ ss let them all be distilled in a glass Alembick and the water kept for the forementioned uses â„ž lapath. acut plantagin et asphodel an â„¥ i ss olei vitel ovor â„¥ i. terebinth Venet â„¥ ss succi limonum Ê’iii aluminis combust Ê’i argenti vivi extinct â„¥ i. olei liliorum â„¥ ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sulfinem argent viv ne mortario adheraescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or yelks of eggs are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-worms and Tetters the leaves of hellebore beaten with vineger are good the milk of the fig-tree is good of it self as also that of the spurges To kill tetters or mustard dissolved in strong vineger with a little sulphur Or â„ž sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an Ê’i macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per lineum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egg in sharp vineger with coperas and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they strain or press it through a linnen cloth But seeing the forementioned medicines are acrid and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot be but that they must make the skin harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it again you shall make use of the following ointment â„ž tereb Ven tam diu lâ—tae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an â„¥ i ss olei vitel To smooth the skin ovor â„¥ i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae â„¥ ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To black the hair What things a â—e fit to dye the hair AT first the hairs to take the fucus or tincture and to retain it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roch-Alum is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the hair Then must we come to particular or proper and fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromatick and cephalick and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power that may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtil parts that they may enter even into the inner roots of the hairs â„ž Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an Ê’ii scoriae ferri Ê’ ss in pollinem reducantur et cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the hairs be rubbed and in the morning let them be smoothed with the same â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ i. lithargyri utriusque â„¥ ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem Ê’ii â„ž litharg auri â„¥ ii ciner clavellat â„¥ i. ss calcis viv Ê’i dissolve omnia cum urina hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ ii cum decoct salv et cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the hair at bed-time be died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water How to wash lime Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pintes of fair water one pound of lime then pour out the water by stopping the vessel putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water pour thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many hours then in like manner pour it off by stoping the vessel and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to dye or black the hair by only pouring of some liquor thereon as â„ž argenti purissimi Ê’ii reducantur in tenuissimas laminas A water to black the hair ponantur in ampulla vitrea cumÊ’ii aquae separationis auri et argenti et aquae rosar Ê’vi The preparing of this water is thus put into a viol the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coals so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold add thereto the rose-water But if you would black it more deeply add more silver thereto if less then a smaller quantity to use it you must steep the comb wherewith you comb your head in this water â„ž plumbi usti â„¥ ii gallarum non perforat cortick nucum an â„¥ iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an â„¥ ii vitriol rom â„¥ vi salis gem â„¥ i ss caryoph nucis mosch an â„¥ i. salis ammon aloes an Ê’ ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vineger for three dayes space then distil it all in an Alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the hairs of a flaxen color To make the hair of a flaxen coâ—or â„ž flor genist staechad et cardamom an â„¥ i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian et berber an â„¥ i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten
the hairs for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Pâ—ilothra or Depilatories and also of sweet-waters MEdicines to fetch off hair which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in Latine vulgarly A deplitatory are made as you may learn by these following examples â„ž calcis viva â„¥ iii. auripigmenti â„¥ i. let the lime be quenchd in fair water and then the orpiment added with some aromatick thing have a care that the medicine lie not too long upon the part otherwise it will burn and this medicine must be made to the consistence of a pultis and applied warm first fomenting the part with warm watet for then the hair will fall off by gentle rubbing or washing it with warm water but if there happen any excoriation thereupon you may help it by the use of unguentum rosatum Another or some other of the like faculty â„ž calcis viv aurip citrin an â„¥ i. amyl spumae argent â„¥ ss terantur et incorporentur cum aq cum bulliant simul you shall certainly know that it is sufficiently boiled if putting thereinto a gooses quill the feathers come presently off some make into powder equal parts of unquench'd lime and orpiment they tye them up in a cloth with which being steeped in water they besmear the part Sweet-waters and within a while after by gentle stroaking the head the hair falls away of it self The following waters are very fitting for to wash the hands face and whole body as also linnen because they yield a gratefull smel Lavender-water the first is lavander-water thus to be made â„ž flor lavend. lb iv aq rosar vini alb an lb ii aq vitae â„¥ iv misceantur omnia simul fiat distillatio in balneo Mariae the same water may also be had without distillation if you put some lavander-flowers in fair water Clâ—ve-water and so set them to sun in a glass or put them in balneo adding a little oyl of spike and musk Clove-water is thus made Sweet-water â„ž caryoph â„¥ ii aq rosar lbii. macerentur spatio xxiv horarum et distillentur in balneo Mariae Sweet-water commonly so called is made of divers odoriferous things put together as thus â„ž menthae majoranae hyssopi salviae rorismarini lavendulae an m ii radicis ireos â„¥ ii caryophyllorum cinamoni nucis moschatae ana â„¥ ss limonum nu iv maecerentur omnia in aqua rosarum spacio viginti quatuor horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae addendo Moschi ℈ ss The end of the Twenty sixth Book THE SEVEN and TWENTIETH BOOK OF DISTILLATION CHAP. I. What distillation is and how many kindes thereof there be HAving finishd the Treatise of the faculties of medicines it now seems requisite that we speak somewhat of Chymistry and such medicines as are extracted by fire These are such as consist of a certain fift essence separated from their earthy impurity by Distillation in which there is a singular and almost divine effcacy in the cure of diseases So that of so great an abundance of the medicines there is scarce any which at this day Chymists do not distil or otherwise make them more strong and effectual then they were before What distillation is Now dâ—stillation is a certain Art or way by which the liquor or humid part of things by the virtue and force of fire or some semblable heat as the matter shall seem to require is extracted or drawn being first resolved into vapor and then condens'd again by cold Some call this art Sublimation or subliming which signifies nothing else but to separate the pure from the unpure the parts that are more subtil and delicate from those that are more corpulent gross and excrementitious as also to make those matters whose substance is more gross to become more pure and sincere either for that the terrestrial parts are ill-united and conjoyned or otherwise confused into the whole and dispersed by the heat and so carried up the other grosser parts remaining together in the bottom of the vessel Or distillation is the extraction or effusion of moisture distilling drop by drop from the nose of the Alembeck or any such like vessel Before this effusion or falling down of the liquor there goes a certain concoction performed by the vertue of heat which separates the substances of one kinde from those of another that were confusedly mixed together in one body and so brings them into one certain form or body which may be good and profitable for divers diseases Some things require the heat of a clear fire others a flame others the heat of the Sun Four degrees of heat others of ashes or sand or the filings of Iron others hors-dung or boiling water or the oily vapor or steam thereof In all these kindes of fires there are four considerable degrees of heat The first is contained in the limits of warmth and such is warm water or the vapor of hot water The second is a little hotter but yet so as the hand may abide it without any harm such is the heat of ashes The third exceeds the vehemency of the second wherefore the hand cannot long endure this without hurt and such is the heat of sand The fourth is so violent that it burneth any thing that commeth near and such are the filings of Iron The first degree is most convenient to distill such things as are subtil and moist as flowers What heat fittest for what things The second such as are subtil and drye as those things which are odoriferous and aromatical as Cinnamom Ginger Cloves The third is fittest to distill such things as are of a more dense substance and fuller of juice such as are some Roots and gums The fourth if fit for metals and minerals as Allum Vitriol Amber Jet c. In like manner you may distill without heat as we use to do in those things which are distilled by straining as when the more pure is drawn and separated from that which is most unpure and earthy as we do in Lac Virginale and other things which are strained through an hypocrass-bag or with a piece of cloth cut in form of a tongue or by setling or by a vessel made of Ivie wood sometimes also some things may be distilled by coldness of humidity and so we make the oyl of Tartar Myrrh and Vitriols by laying them upon a marble in a cold and moist place CHAP. II. Of the matter and form of Fornaces THe matter and form of Fornaces uses to be divers The matter the best for Fornaces For some Fornaces use to be made of bricks and clay othersome of clay only which are the better and more lasting if so be the clay be fat and well tempered with whites of Eggs and hair Yet in sudden occasions when there is present necessity of distillation Fornaces may be made of bricks so laid together that the joints may not agree but be unequal for so the structure will
of Waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters The varieties of distilled waters I think it not amiss briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there be and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinal as the waters of Roses Plantain Sorrel Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we call restauratives other some are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinal things others are purging as the distilled water of green and fresh Rubarb othersome serve for smoothing the skin and others for smell of which sort are those that are distilled of aromatick things To distill Rose-water it will be good to maceâ—ate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three daies in some formerly distilled Rose-water or their pressed-out juice Rose water luting the vessel close them put then into an Alembick closely luted to his head and his Receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as we have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that we vulgarly call Restauratives Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veal Mutton Kid Capon Pullet â—ock Parâ—ridg Phesant as much as shall seem fit for your purpose cut it small and lest it should requires heat or empyreuma from the fire mix therewith a handful of French Barly and of red Rose-leaves dâ—ie and fresh but first steeped in the juice of pomgranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve to distill with ashes A. Shews the Fornace with the hole to take forth the ashes B. Shews another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brass and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brass that so the contained water or ashes may be the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are contained D. The Alembick set in the water ashes or sand with the mouths of the receivers E. The bottom of the second brass Fornace whose top is marked with B. which contains the fire There may be made other restauratives in shorter time with less labor and cost Anosher way of making restaurative Liquors To this purpose the flesh muâ—t be beaten and cut thin and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them in to a glass and let the thred hang out so stop up the glass close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Tow and lute it up with paste made of meal and the whiâ—es of eggs then set it up to the neck in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottom but let it be kept upright by the formerly described means then make a gentle fire there-under un il the contained flesh by long boiling shall be dissolved into juice and that will commonly be in some four hours space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glass befor the water be cold lest the fire being hot should be broken by the sudden â—ppulse of the cold air Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the pieces of flesh be drawn forth so that only the juice may be left remaining then strain it through a bag and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamom adding a little juice of Citron Verjuice or Vineger as it shall best like the Patients palate After this manner you may quickly easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives as well medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a clean contrary manner then the oyls and waters which are drawn of Aromatitk things as Sage Rosemary Time Anniseeds Fennel Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of â—hese as that which is subtil and aiery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of puâ—ging things aâ— Tuâ—bâ—th Agarick Rubâ—rb and the like subsides in the bottom For the purgative â—â—câ—l y of these purgers inseparably ache es to the b dies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skin of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua Vitae or the spirits of Wine TAke of good white or Claret-wine or Sack which is not sowr nor musty nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fil the vessel wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe Spirit of wine seven times rectified and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they term it rectified the more noble and effectual it becomes Therefore some distil it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of twenty four pintes of Wine or Lees draw six or eight pintes of distilled liquor At the second time the half part that is three or four pintes At the third distillation the half part again that is two pintes so that the oftner you distil it over the less liquor you have but it will be a great deal the more efficacious I do well like that the first distillation be made in Ashes the second in Balneo Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoon or saucer and there set on fire burns wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottom of the vessel if you drop a drop of oyl into this same water it continually falls to the bottom or if you drop a drop into tht palm of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of the probation of this liquor The faculties of the spirit of wine The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the pain of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings swoonings gangreens and mortifications of the flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle The distilling of Wine and vineger is different There is this difference between the distilling of Wine and Vineger wine being of an aiery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectual in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remains in the bottom of the vessel it is of a cold drye and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vineger being distilled is insipid and flegmatick For Vineger is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of
consequently oily Now because the oily substance that is contained in simple bodies What oyls are to be drawn by expression is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is two-fold For some is gross earthy viscous and wholly confused and mixt with the bodies out of which they ought to be drawn as that which we have said is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this natural grossness be lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily riâ—es such is the oily substance of aromatick things as of Juniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs The first manner of drawing oyls by distillation Cinnamom Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This the manner of extracting oyls out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the material there may be ten pints of water infuse it in a copper-bottom having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couler filled w th cold-water Set your vessel upon a fornace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall wax hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not flye away you shall put a long-neckt-receiver to the nose of the Alembick and you shall increase the fire until the things contained in the Alembick boil Another way There is another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brass or copper-bottom covered with his head to which shall be fitted or well luted a worm of Tin this worm shall run through a barrel filled with cold-water that the liquor which flows forth with the oyl may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worm you shall set your Receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be increased by little and little until the contained matter as we formerly said do boil but take heed that you make not too quick or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boiling may exceed the bounds of the containing vessel and so violently flye over Observ ng these things you shall presently at the very first see an oily moisture flowing forth together with the waterish When the oyl hath done flowing which you may know by the color of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the fire and you may separate the oyl from the water by a little vessel made like a Thimble and tied to the end of a stick or which is better with a glass-funnel or instrument made of glass for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oyls that swim upon the top of the water as oyl of aniseeds othersome on the contrary What oyls fall to the bottom which fall to the bottom as oyl of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oyl of Anniseed and Cinnamom is whitish and in success of time will in some small proportion turn into oyl Also these waters must be kept several for they are far more excellent then those that are distilled by Balneo Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyl Oyls are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectual for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted into a few drams For example the faculty that was dispersed over one pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyl at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawn into Ê’iss or Ê’ii at the most of oyl But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without fear of breaking the vessels whereto glasses are subject I like that you distil them in copper-vessels for you need not fear that the oyl which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flows forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall be tinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessels to extract the Chymical oyls or spirits of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of Wine of Vineger and Aqua vitae In stead of the barrel and worm you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shews the bottom which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the in side B. The head C. The barrel filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyl that run through the pipe or worm that is put through it D. A pipe of brass or lattin or rather a worm of Tin running through the Barrel E. The Alembick set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper The description of Pepper and other spices which grow not hâ—re with us I have thought good to describe there out of Thevets Cosmography he having seen them growing Pepper grows upon shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivie-berries or bunches of small black grapes or currans the leaves are like those of the Citron-tree but sharpish and pricking The Iadians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soon as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft-times happens that there are more then 200 ships upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in antidotes against Poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applied and taken inwardly against a cold stomach The uses thereof in sauces it helps concoction and procures appetite you must make choice of such as is black heavy and not flaccid The trees which bear white and those that bear black pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unless when they have their fruit hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which bear white black Grapes The tree that yeels Cinnamon grows in the mountain of India The Cinnamon tree and hath leaves very like to baye-leaves branches and shoots at certain times of the year are cut from this tree by the appointment of the Kâ—ng of that Province the bark of which is that we term
separate your desired oyl now there will ten or twelve ounces of oyl flow from a pound of Turpentine This kinde of oyl is effectual against the Palsie Convulsions punctures of the nerves and wounds of all the nervous parts How to make oyl of wax But you shall thus extract oyl our of wax Take one pound of wax melt it and put it into a glass Retort set it in sand or ashes as we mentioned a little before in drawing oyl of Turpentine then distil it by increasing the fire by degrees There distils nothing forth of wax besides an oily substance and a little Phlegma yet portion of this oyly substance presently concretes into a certain butter-like matter which therefore would be distilled over again you may draw â„¥ vi or viii of oyl from one pound of wax The faculties thereof This oyl is effectual against Contusions and also very good against cold affects CHAP. XV. Of extracting of Oyls out of the harder sorts of Gums as myrrh mastich Frankincense and the like SOme there be who extract these kindes of oyls with the Retort set in ashes or sand as we mentioned in the former Chapter of Oyls of More liquid Gums adding for every pound of Gum two pintes of Aqua Vitae and two or three ounces of oyl of Turpentine then let them infuse for eight or ten daies in Balneo mariae How to make oyl or myrrh or else in hors-dung then set it to distil in a Retort Now this is the true manner of making oyls of Myrrh take Myrrh made into fire powder and therewith fill hard Eggs in stead of their yelks being taken out then place the Eggs upon a gridiron or such like grate in some moist place as a cellar and set under them a leaden-earthen-pan the Myrrh will dissolve into an oily-water which being presently put into a glass and well stopped with an equal quantity of rectified Aqua vitae and so set for three or four months in hot hors-dung which past the vessel shall be taken forth and so stopped that the contained liquor may be poured into an Alembick for there will certain gross settling by this means remain in the bottom then set your Alembick in Balneo and so draw off the Aqua vitae and phlegmatick liquor and there will remain in the bottom a pure and clear oyl whereto you may give a curious color by mixing therewith some Alkanet How to give it a pleasing color and smell and a smell by dropping thereinto a little oyl of Sage Cinnamon or Cloves Now let us shew the composition and manner of making of balsams by giving you one or two examples the first of which is taken out of Vesalius his Surgery and is this â„ž terebinth opt lbi ol laurini â„¥ iv gum elem â„¥ iv ss thuris myrrhae gum beredae centaur majoris Vesalius his Balsam ligni aloes an â„¥ iii. galangae caryopholl consolidae majoris Cinnamomi nucis moschat zedoariae zin zib dictamni albi an â„¥ i olei vermium terrestrium â„¥ ii aqua vitae lbvi. The manner of making it is thus Let all these things be beaten and made small and so infused for three dayes space in Aqua vitae then distilled in a Retort just as we said you must distill oyl of Turpentine and Wax There will flow hence three sorts of liquors the first watrish and clear the other thin and of pure golden color the third of the color of a Carbuncle which is the true Balsam The first liquor is effectual against the weakness of the stomach comming of a cold cause for that it cuts phlegm and discusses flatulencies the second helps fresh and hot bleeding wounds as also the palsie The third is chiefly effectual against these same effects The composition of the following Balsamum is out of Fallopius and is this â„ž terebinth clarae lbii. olei de semine lini lbi resinae pini â„¥ vii thuris myrrhae aloes mastiches sarcocollae an â„¥ iii. macis ligni Aloes an â„¥ ii croci â„¥ ss Let them all be put into a glass Retort Fallopius hic Balsam set it ashes and so distilled First there will come forth a clear water then presently after a reddish oyl most profitable for wounds Now you must know that by this means we may easily distil all Axungias fats parts of creatures woods all kindes of barks and seeds if so be that they be first macerated as they ought to be yet so that there will come forth more watry then oily humidity Now for that we formerly frequently mentioned Thus or Frankincense What Frankincense is I have here thought good out of Thevets Cosmography to give you the description of the tree from which it flows The Frankincense-tree saith he grows naturally in Arabia resembles a Pine yeelding a moisture that is presently hardened and it concretes into whitish clear grains fatty within which cast into the fire take flame Now Frankincense is adulterated with Pine-rosin and Gum which is the cause that you shall seldome finde that with us as it is here described you may finde out the deceit thus for that neither Rosin nor any other Gum takes flame for Rosin goes away in smoke but Frankinsence presently burns The smell also bewraies the counterfeit for it yeelds no graceful smell as Frankinsence doth The Arabians wound the tree that so the liquor may the more readily flow forth The faculties thereof whereof they make great gain It fills up hollow ulcers and cicatrizes them wherefore it enters as a chief ingredient into artificial balsom Frankinsence alone made into ponder and applied stanches the blood that flows out of the wounds Matthiolus saith that it being mixed with Fullers-earth and oyl of Roses is a singular remedy against the inflammation of the breasts of women lately delivered of childe CHAP. XVI The making of oyl of Vitriol TAke ten pounds of Vitriol which being made into powder put it into an earthen pot The sign of perfectly calcined vitriol and set it upon hot coals until it be calcined which is when as it become reddish after some five or six hours when as it shall be throughly cold break the pot and let the Vitriol be again made into powder that so it may be calcined again and you shall do thus so often and long until it shall be perfectly calcined which is when as it shall be exactly red then let it be made into powder and put it into an earthen-Retort like that wherein aqua fortis is usually drawn adding for every pound of your calcined Vitriol of tile-shreds or powdered-brick one quarter then put the Retort furnished with its receiver into a Fornace of Reverberation alwaies keeping a strong fire and that for the space of 48. hours more or less according to the manner and plenty of distilling liquor You shall know the distillation is finished when as the Receiver shall begin to recover his native perspicuity being not now filled
was chief of the Army and the Kings Lieutenant Being at S. Denis in France staying while the Companies passed by he sent for me to Paris to come speak with him being there he prayed me and his request was a command that I would follow him this Voyage and I about to make my excuse told him my wife was sick in her bed he made me answer That there were Physicians at Paris for to cure her and that he as well left his own who was as well descended as mine promising me that he would use me well and forthwith gave command that I should be lodged as one of his Train Seeing this great affection which he had to lead me with him I durst not refuse him I went and met with him at the Castle of Compt within three or four leagues of Hedin there where there was the Emperors Souldiers in garrison with a number of Pessants round about he caused them to be summoned to render themselves and they made answer they should never have them but by pieces and let them do their worst and they would do their best to defend themselves They put confidence in their ditches full of water and in two hours with a great number of Bavins and certain empty Casks way was made to pass over the Foot when they must go to the assault and were beaten with five pieces of Cannon till a breach was made large enough to enter in where they within received the assault very valiantly and not without killing and hurting a great number of our people with musket-shot pikes and â—ones In the end when they saw themselves constrained they put fire to their powder and munition which was the cause of burning many of our people and theirs likewise and they were all almost put to the sword History of desperate people Notwithstanding some of our souldiers had taken twenty or thirty hoping to have ransome for them That was known and ordered by the Councel that it should be proclamed by the Trumpet through the Camp that all Souldiers who had any Spaniards prisoners were to kill them upon pain to be hanged and strangled which was done upon cold blood From thence we went and burnt divers Villages whose barns were full of all kinde of Grain to my grief We went along even to Tournahan where there was a very great Tower where the Enemies retired The taking of the Castle of Compt. but there was no man found in it all was pillaged and the tower was made to leap by a Mine and then with Gun-powder turned topsie-turvy After that the Camp was broken up and I returned to Paris I will not yet forget to write that the day after the Castle of Compt was taken Monsieur de Vendosme sent a Gentleman to the King to make report to him of all which had passed and amongst other things told the King that I had greatly done my duty in dressing those that were wounded and that I had shewed him eighteen bullets which I had taken or drawn out of the hurt bodies and that there were divers more which I could neither finde nor draw out and told more good of me then there was by half Then the King said he would have me into his service and commanded Monsieur de Goguier his chief Physician to write me down as entertained one of his Surgeons in ordinary and that I should go meet with him at Rheimes within ten or twelve dayes which I did where he did me the honor to command me that I would dwell near him and that he would do me good Then I thankt him most humbly for the honor it pleased him to do me in calling me to his service The voyage of Mets 1552. THe Emperor having besieged Mets and in the hardest time of winter The names of the Princes who were at the siege of Mets. as each one knows of fresh memory and that there was in the City five or six thousand men and amongst the rest seven Princes that is to say Monsieur the Duke of Guise the Kings Lievtenant Messieurs'd Anguien de Conde de Montpensier deo La Roch upon You Monsieur de Nemours and divers other Gentlemen with a number of old Captains of War who often made sallies forth upon the enemies as we shall speak hereafter which was not without slaying many as well on the one side as the other For the most part all our wounded people died and it was thought the medicaments wherewith they were dressed were poisoned which caused Monsieur de Guise and other Princes to send to the King for me and that he would send me with Drogues to them for they believed theirs were poysoned seeing that of their hurt people few escaped I do not believe there was any poyson but the great stroaks of the Cutlasses musket-shot and the extremity of cold was the cause The King caused one to write to Monsieur the marshal of S. Andrew which was his Lieutenant at Verdun that he found some means to make me enter into Mets. The said Lord Marshal of S. Andrew and monsieur the marshal of old Ville got an Italian Captain Notaâ— who promised them to make me enter in which he did and for which he had fifteen hundred Crowns the King having heard of the promise which the Italian Captain had made sent for me and commanded me to take of his Apothecary named Daigue such and as many Drogues as I should think fit for the hurt who were besieged which I did as much as a post-horse could carry The King gave me charge to speak to Monsieur de Guise and to the Princes and Captains who were at Mets. Being arrived at Verdun a few dayes after the Monsieur the Marshal of S. Andrew Commission of the Author caused horses to be given to me and my man and for the Italian who spake very good high Dutch Spanish and Wallon with his own natural tongue When we were within eight or ten Leagues of Mets we went not but in the night and being near the Camp I saw a league and a half off bright fires about the City which seemed as if all the earth had been on fire and I thought we could never pass through those fires without being discovered and by consequent be hanged and strangled or cut in pieces or pay a great ransome To speak truth I wished my self at Paris for the imminent danger which I fore-saw God guided so well our affairs that we entred the City at midnight with a certain Token which the Captain had with another Captain of the company of Monsieur de Guise which Lord I went to and found him in bed who received me with great thanks being joyful of my comming I did my message to him of all that the King had commanded me to say to him I told him I had a little letter to give to him and that the next day I would not fail to deliver it him That done he commanded me a good lodging
should not dye in my hands and commanded the said Impostor to dress the said Lord of Martigues And that he should have no other Physicians nor Surgeons but him he came presently to the said Lord of Martigues who told him Senor Cavallero el senor Duge me ha mandadâ— que veniasse a curar vastra herida yo os juro a Dios que antes de achio dias yo os haga subir a Cavello con la lansa en puno contasque no ago que yo quos tâ—gâ—e Comeris y biberis to dis comidas que sueren de vastro gusto y yo hare la dieta pro V. M. y desto os de veu aâ—eguirar sobre de mi yo he sanaâ—o mun hos que tenian magores heridas que la vastra That is to say Lord Cavallere Monsieur the Duke of Savoy hath commanded me to come dress thy wound I swear to thee by God that before eight dayes I will make thee mount on hors-back with thy Lance in thy hand provided that no man may touch thee but my self thou shalt eat and drink any thing that thou hast a minde to I will perform thy diet for thee and of this thou mayest be assured upon my promise I have cured divers who have had greater wounds then thine and the Lord replied God give you grace to do it He demanded of the said Lord a shirt and tore it in little rags which he put across muttering and murmuring certain words over the wounds and having dress him permitted him to eat and drink what he would telling him he would observe a diet for him which he did eating but six prunes and six bits of breatd at a meal and drinking but beer Notwithstanding two dayes after the said Lord of Martigues died and my Spaniard seeing of him in the Agony eclipst himself and got away without bidding farewell to any body and I beleive if he had been taken he had been hangd for his false promises which he had made to monsieur the Duke of Savoy and to divers other Gentlemen He died about ten of the clock in the morning and after dinner the said Lord of Savoy sent Physicians and Surgeons and his Apothecary with a great quantity of Drogues to embalm him they came accompanied with divers Gentlemen and Captains of the Army The Emperors Surgeon came near tome and prayed me kindely to open the body which I refused telling him I was not worthy to carry his plaster-box after him he prayed me again which then I did for his sake if it so liked him I would yet again have excused my self that seeing he was not willing to embalm him that he would give this charge to another Surgeon of the company he made me yet answer that he would it should be I and if I would not do it I might here after repent it knowing this his affection for fear he should not do me any displeasure I took the razor and presented it to all in particular telling them I was not well practised to do such operations which they all refused The body being placed upon a Table truly I purposed to shew them that I was an Anatomist declaring to them divers things should be here too long to recite I began to tell all the company that I was sure the bullet had broken two ribs and that it had pass'd through the Lungs and that they should find the wound much enlarged became they are in perpetual motion sleeping or waking and by this motion the wound was the more dilacerated Also that there was great quantity of blood spilt in the capacity of the brest and upon the midriff and splinters of the broken ribs which were beaten in at the entrance of the bullet and the issuing forth of it had carried out Indeed all which I had told them was found true in the dead body One of the Physicians asked me which way the blood might pass to be cast out by urine being contained in the Thorax I answered him that there was a manifest conduit which is the Vena Azygos which having nourish'd the ribs the rest of the blood descends under the Diaphragm and on the left side is conjoined to the emulgent vein which is the way by which the matter in Pleurisies and in Empuema do manifestly empty themselves by urine and stool As it is likewise seen the pure milk of the brests of women newly brought to bed to descend by the Mammillarie veins and to be evacuated downwards by the neck of the womb without being mixt with the blood And such a thing is done as it were by a miracle of nature by her expulsive and sequestring virtue which is seen by experience of two glass-vessels called Mount-wine let the one be filled with water and the other with Claret-wine and let them be put the one upon the other that is to say that which shall be filled with water upon that which shall be filled with wine and you shall apparently see the wine mount up to the top of the vessel quite through the water and the water descend atraverse the wine and go to the bottom of the vessel without mixture of both and if such a thing be done so exteriorly and openly to the sence of our eye by things without life you must believe the same in our understanding That nature can make matter and blood to pass having been out of their vessels yea through the bones without being mingled with the good blood Our discourse ended I embalmed the body and put it into a coffin after that the Emperors Surgeon took me apart and told me if I would remain with him that he would use me very well and that he would cloath we anew also that I should ride on hors-back I thank'd him very kindly for the honor he did me and told him that I had no desire to do service to strangers and enemies to my country then he told me I was a fool and if he were Prisoner as I he would serve the devil to get his liberty In the end I told him flat that I would not dwell at all with him The Emperors Physician returned towards the said Lord of Savoy where he declared the cause of the death of the said Lord of Martigues and told him that it was impossible for all the men in the world to have cured him and confirmed again that I had done what was necessary to be done and prayed him to win me to his service and spake better of me then I deserved Having been perswaded to take me to his service he gave charge to one of his stewards named Monsieur dn Bouches to tell me if I would dwel in his service that he would use me kindly I answered him that I thanked him most humbly and that I had resolved not to dwell with any stranger This my answer being heard by the Duke of Savoy he was some what in choler and said he would send me to the Gallies Monsieur de
vitae It may be anointed twice or thâ—iâ—e in a day long after meat Moreover the roots and leaves of Dane-wort boiled in water beaten and applyed asswage pain the oil thereof chimicaly extracted performs the same When to use narcoticks But if the contumacious pain cannot be mitigated by the described remedies and becoming intollerably hot and rageing make the patient almost to swonn then must we flie to Narcoticks For although the temper of the part may be weakned by these the native heat diminished or rather extinguished yet this is a far less inconvenience then to let the whole body be wasted by pain These things have a powerful refrigerateing and drying faculty takeing away the sense of the pain and furthermore incrassate thin acrid and biteing humors such as cholerick humors are Wherefore if the matter which causeth the pain be thick we must abstain from Narcoticks A cataplasm with opium or certainly use them with great caution â„ž micae panis secalins parum cocti in lacte â„¥ ii vitellos ovorum nu ii opii Ê’i succorum sâ—lani hyoscyami mandragorae portulacae sempervivi an Ê’i let them be mixed together and applied and often changed Or else â„ž fol. hyoscyami cicutae aâ—nes an m. i. bulliant in exycrato contundantur cumque vitellis ovorum crudorum nu ii olei rosat â„¥ ii farin hordei quod satis fit incorporentur fiat cataplasma with the use thereof I am accustomed to asswage great pains Or else â„ž opiiÊ’iii camphor Ê’ ss olei nenuph. â„¥ i. lactis â„¥ ii unguent ros Galeni â„¥ iv incorporentur simul in mortario applicentur Moreover cold water applyed and dropped upon the part drop by drop is narcotick and stupefactive as Hippocrates affirmeth Aphor. 29. Sect. 5. for a moderate numness mitigateth pain There is also another reason why it may be profitably used in all pains of the Gout for that by repelling the humors it hindereth their defluxion into the part Mandrag-apples boiled in milk and beaten do the same thing also the leaves of henbane hemlock lettuce purslain being so boiled do the same If any desire to use these more cold he must apply them crude and not boiled But the excess of pain being mitigated we must desist from the use of such narcoticks and they must rather be strengthened with hot and digerating things otherwise there will be danger lest it be too much weakned the temper thereof being destroied and so afterwards it may be subject to every kinde of defluxion How to amend the harm done by Narcoticks Discussers Wherefore it shall be strengthened with the formerly discussing fomentations and these ensuing remedies As â„ž gum ammoniaci bdelii an â„¥ i. dissolvantur in aceto passentur per setacium addendo styracis liquid farin foenugr an â„¥ ss pulv ireos â„¥ iiii olei chamem â„¥ ii pulveris pyrethriÊ’ ii cum cera fiat emplastrum molle Or else â„ž rad emulae ebuli altheae an lb. ss sem lini foenugr an Ê’ii ficuum ping nu xx coquantur completè trajiciantur per setaceum addendo pul euphorb Ê’ii olei chamem aneth rutacei A mean to be used in discussing an â„¥ iii. medullae cervi â„¥ iv fiat cà taplasma Yet you must use moderation in discussing least the subtler part of the impact humor being discussed the grosser part may turn into a stonie consistence which also is to be feared in using repercussives I also omitted that according to the opinion of the Antients bathes of fresh-water Barhs asswage the pain of the Gout wherein cooling herbs have been boiled used three hours after meat conduce much to the asswageing of pain for so used they are more convenient in cholerick natures and spare bodies for that they humect the more and quickly digest the thin and cholerick and consequently acrid vapors the pores being opened and the humors dissipated by the gentle warmness of the bath After the bath the body must be anointed with hydrelium or oil and water tempered together least the native heat exhale and the body become more weak Meats of more gross juice are more convenient How meats of gross juice are profitable as beef sheeps-feet and the like if so be that the patient can digest them for these inspissate the cholerick blood and make it more unfit for defluxion CHAP. XVIII What remedies must be used in pains of the joints proceeding of a distemper only without matter PAins also happen in the joints by distemper without any matter which though rare An history yet because I happened once to feel them I have thought good to shew what remedies I used against them I once earnestly busied in study and therefore not sensible of such external injuries as might befall me a little winde coming secretly in by the â—rannies of my study fell upon my left Hip at length wearied with study assoon as I rose up to go my way I could not stand upon my feet I felt such bitter pain without any swelling or humor which might be discerned Hip. ap 10. sect Divers remedies for pain ariseing from a cold distemper without matter Therefore I was forced to go to bed and calling to minde that cold which was absolutely hurtful to the nerves had bred me that pain I attempted to drive it away by the frequent application of very hot clothes which though they scorched and blistered the sound parts adjoining thereto yet did they scarce make any impression upon the part where the pain was setled the distemper was so great and so firmly fixed therein And I laied thereto bags filled with fried oats and millet and dipped in hot red wine as also ox bladders half filled with a decoction of hot herbs And lastly a wooden dish almost filled with hot ashes covered over with sage rosmarie and rue lightly bruised and so covered with a cloth which sprinkled over with aqua vitae sent forth a vapor which asswaged the pain Also brown bread newly drawn out of the oven and sprinkled over with rose-water and applied did very much good And that I might more fully expel this hurtful cold I put stone-bottles filled with hot water to the soals of my feet that the brain might be heated by the straightness and continuity of the nerves At length by the help of these remedies I was very well freed from this contumacious distemper when it had held me for the space of four and twenty hours There is another kinde of Gouty pain sometimes caused by a certain excrementitious matter A fuliginous vapour sometimes the cause of the Gout but so thin and subtle that it cannot be discerned by the eies It is a certain fuliginous or sooty vapor like to that which passeth from burning candles or lamps which adheres and concretes to any thing that is opposed thereto which being infected by the mixture of a virulent serous humor whithersoever it runneth causeth extreme pain
of an Onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oil of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veins by these means come to shew themselves they shall be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or Fig-leaves or a raw Onion or an Ox-gall mixt with some powder of Collequintida Lastly you may apply Horse-leeches or you may open them with â— lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swoln with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be staid by the same means as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stâ—ol or a flax of the belly NAture oftentimes both by it self of its own accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sink of the body the whole matter of a pestilâ—nt disease whence are caused Diarrhaeas Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kinds of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thin and sincere that is retain the nature of one and that a simple humor as of choler melancholy or phlegm and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or freâ—ting pain then it is a Diarrhaea What a Diarrhaea is which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of tâ—e stomach and guts caused by ill humors either there collected or flowing from some other 〈◊〉 or by a cold and moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude and almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft-times mixt with blood What a Disenteria is are cast forth with pâ—iâ—â—g gâ—ipings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acrid choler fretting in sunder the coats of the vessels But 〈…〉 â—ny kind of disease certainly in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted grease yellow red purple green ash-coloured black and exceeding stinking The cause of various and stinking excrements in the Plague The cause is various and many sorts of ill humors which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turn into divers species differing in their whole kind both from their particulâ—r as also from nature in general by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable sign is stench which is oft-times accompanied by worms In the camp at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was over all the Camp An history in this the strongest souldiers purged forth meer blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraick veins and arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the Summers sun and the minds of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acrid and cholerick humor was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements then by the site of the pain therefore in the one you must rather work by clysters but in the other by medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavors to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the mean while doth it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of â„¥ ss of hiera simplex and a dram of Diaphaenicon dissolved in Worm-wood wateâ— A person Also Clysters are good in this case not only for that they asswage the gripings and pains and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraick veins and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it self from the noxious humors In such Clysters they also sometimes mix two or three drams of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retund the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose Suppositories of boiled hony â„¥ i of hiera picra and common salt of each Ê’ ss or that they may be the stronger of hony â„¥ iii. of Ox-gall â„¥ i. of Scammony Euphorbium and Coloquintida powdred of each Ê’ ss Suppositories The want of these may be supplyed by Nodulas made in this form â„ž vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an â„¥ ss salis tom Ê’ss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen rags and then bound up into Noduleas of the bigness of a Fil-berd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acrid by adding some powder of Eupporbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the flux of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death if they shall appear to be such A hasty pudding to stay the lask they must be staied in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat-flower boiled in the water of the decoction of one Pomegranat Berberies Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata white Poppy-seeds of each Ê’i The following Almond-milk strengthens the stomach and mitigates the acrimony of the cholerick humor provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of Barly wherein steel or non hath been quenched â—eat them in a marble-mortar and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond-mâ—lk whereto adding Ê’i of Diarhâ—den Abbatis you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelain the Kings chief Physician who received it of his father and held it as a great secret and was wont to prescribe it with happy success to his patients D. Chappâ—lains medecine to stay a scouring It is 〈◊〉 â„ž beâ—â—â—rmen terrae sigil l. pid hamat an Ê’i picis nâ—valis Ê’ i ss coral rub marg 〈◊〉 câ—râ— câ—vi â—st 〈◊〉 in aq p. aâ—t an ℈ succar r. s â„¥ ii fiat pu vis Of this let the patient take a 〈◊〉 before meat or with the yâ—lk of an egg Chrisâ—â—pher Anarâ—â— in his 〈◊〉 much commendeth dogs-dung when as the dog hath for three dries before â—een fed only with bones Qâ—â—ces rosted in members or boâ—led in a pot the Conserve of Cornelian-cherries Preserved Berberies and Myrabolans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomach and stay the lask the patient must feed upon good meats Drink and these rather rosted then boiled His drink shall be caliâ—â—â—ate-caliâ—â—â—ate-water of the decoctâ—on of sower Pomegranats beaten or of the
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâ—ght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâ—s but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâ—e of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâ—ter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in â—he first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follâ—â—s the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâ—amen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâ—ed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling