Notwithstāding to giue some lighte vnto the vnlearned Ferrers and that they may the better vnderstande the inwarde parts of a horse I thought good to write thus much thinking it no tyme loste whyle I may profite them any way Of the diseases in the Splene The .lxxxix. Chapter THe splene as I said before in the kepers office is the receptacle of Melācholy and of the dregges of the bloude and is subiecte to the like diseases that the Lyuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction harde knob and inflamation for the substaunce of the splene is spongious and therfore apt to sucke in all filth and to delate it selfe wherefore being full it must nedes swell which will appeare in the left syde vnder the short rybbes such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and specially when the body doth labour or trauayle It is painefull also to lye on the ryghte syde bycause the splen being so swollen oppresseth the midriffe and speciallye when the stomacke is full of meate and the Pacient hath worse digestion than appetyte is troubled with muche winde both vpwarde and downewarde Moreouer the vapour of the humor doth offende the harte making it faint and causeth all the body to be heauy and dull and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a Melācholy humor and abounding ouermuche it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaynes and artires which is to be perceyued by heauinesse and griefe on the left syde but also in the splen it selfe whereas by vertue of the heate it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a harde knob which doth not onely occupye all the substance of the splen but also many tymes all the lefte syde of the wombe and thereby maketh all the euill accydentes or griefes before recited muche worse than they were Now as touching the inflamatiō of the splen whith chaunceth very seldom for so much as euery inflamation procedeth of pure bloude which seldome entreth into the splen I shall not nede to make many words but refer you ouer to the Chapter of the Lyuer for in suche case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also lyke sygnes and do requyre lyke cure The olde wryters say that horses be often grieued with griefe in the splen and specially in Sommer season wyth gredy eatyng of sweete greene meates and they call those horses Lienosos that is to say splenticke The signes wherof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and gredy appetite to meate The remedy whereof according to Absirtus is to make the horse to sweate once a day during a certaine tyme by ryding him or otherwyse traueling hym and to poure into his lefte nosetrill euery day the iuyce of Mirabolaus mingled with wyne and water amounting in all to the quantitye of a pynte But me thinkes it would do him more good if he dranke it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius prayseth this drinke Take of Cumyn seede and of hony of ech sixe ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Uineger a pinte and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stande so all night and the next morning giue the horse to drinke thereof being kept ouernight fasting Theomnestus prayseth the decoction of Capers specially if the barke of the roote thereof may be gotten sodē in water to a Syrop or else make him a drinke of Garlycke Nytrum Horehounde and wormewode soden in harshe wine and he would haue the lefte syde to be bathed with warme water to be harde rubbed And if all this will not helpe then to giue hym the fyre which Absirtus doth not allowe saying that the splen lyeth so as it can not be easly fyered to doe him any good But for so much as the Lyuer and splen are members much occupyed in the ingēdring and seperating of humors many euill accydents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iaūdis called in a horse the yealows drynesse of body and consumption of the flesh with out any apparaunt cause why whiche the Phisitians call Atrophia also euill habit of the body called of them Cachexia and the Dropsy But first we wyll speake of the Iaundis or yealows Of the yealows The .xc. Chapter THe Phisitians in mans body do make two kinds of Iaundis that is to say the yeallow proceeding of Cholor dispersed thorowe out the whole body and dying the skin yeallow and the blacke proceding of Melancholy dispersed like wise thorowout the whole bodye and making all the skinne blacke And as the yeallow Iaundis commeth for the most parte eyther by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the Gall which as I sayde before is the receptacle of Cholour or by some inflamation of the Lyuer whereby the bloude is conuerted into Cholour and so spreadeth thorowout the body euen so the blacke Iaundis commeth by meanes of some obstruction in the Lyuer vayne that goeth to the splene not suffering the splene to do his office in receyuing the dregges of the bloude from the Lyuer wherein they abounde to much or else for that the splen is already to full of suche dregs and so sheadeth them backe agaime into the vaynes But as for the blacke Iaundis they haue not bene obserued to be in horses as in men by any of our Ferrers in these dayes that I can learne And yet the olde writers of horseleach crafte doe seme to make two kindes of Iaundis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Cholor and also moyst Cholor The signes of the dry Cholor as Absirtus sayth is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly whereof it is sayde to be dry Moreouer the horse will not couet to lye downe bycause he is so payned in his body and his mouth will be hote and dry It commeth as he sayth by obstruction of the conduit wherby the Cholor should resorte into the bladder of the Gall and by obstruction also of the vrine vessels so as he can not stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of Oyle water and Nytrum and to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to poure the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweete wyne into his nosetrels let hys meate be grasse or else sweete hay sprinckled with Nytre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in wine Againe of the moist Cholor or Iaundis these are the signes The horses eyes will looke yeallow and his nosetrilles wil open wyde his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yeallow and Choloricke and he will grone when he lyeth downe which disease the sayde Absirtus was wonte to heale as he sayth by giuing
lay the whyte of an Egge or to washe them with the iuyce of Selidony Of dimnesse of syght and also for the Pynne and webbe or any other spot in the eye The .xxx. Chapter IF the Horse be dimme of sight or hath any pearle growing in his eie or thin fylme couering the ball of hys eye then Russius woulde haue you take of Pommis stone of Tartarum and of Sal Gemma of eche lyke wayght and being beaten into very fyne powder to blowe a lyttle of that into his eye continuing so to do euery day once or twice vntil he be whole Martin sayth that he always vsed to blow a little Sandyuoire into the eye once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it wil breake any pearle or webbe in short space and make the eye very cleare and fayre Russius amongest a number of other medicins prayseth most of all the powder of a blacke Flynte stone Of the Haw called of the Italians l'vnghia de gli occhi The .xxxi. Chapter THis is a gristle couering sometime more than the one halfe of the eye It proceedes of grosse and toughe humors discending out of the head which Haw as Martin sayth woulde be cut awaye in this sorte Fyrst pull both the eye lyddes open with two seuerall threedes stitched with a nedle to eyther of the lyddes Then catch holde of the Hawe with the stych of another nedle threde and pul it out so farre as you may stay it vpon your fynger to the intente that you may cutte it rounde the bredth of a penny and leaue the black behinde For by cutting away to much of the fatte blacke of the eye the horse many tymes becommeth bleare eyed And the Haw being clene taken away squirt a little whyte wyne or beere into his eye Of Lunatike eyes The .xxxii. Chapter VEgetius Wryteth de Oculo Lunatico but he sheweth neyther cause nor sygnes thereof but onelye sayth that the old men termed it so bycause it maketh the eye sometyme to loke as thoughe it were couered with white and sometyme cleare Martin sayth that the horse that hath this disease is blinde at certaine tymes of the Moone in so much as he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will looke yealowishe yea and somewhat reddyshe whiche disease according to Martin is to be cured in this sorte First vse the playster mentioned before in the Chapter of wateryshe or weping eies in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharpe knyfe make two slittes on both sydes of hys heade an ynche long somewhat towardes the nose a handful beneath the eyes not touching the vayne and with a cornet loosen the skinne vpwarde the bredth of a grote and thruste therein a rounde peece of Leather as brode as a twopenny peece with a hole in the middest to kepe the hole open loke to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continuallye runne the space of ten dayes then take the Leather out and heale the wounde with a little Flaxe dypte in the salue here following Take of Turpentyne of Hony of Waxe of ech like quantity and boyle them together whiche being a lyttle warmed will be lyquid to serue your purpose and take not away the playsters from the temples vntill they fall away of them selues which being fallen then with a small hote drawing yron make a Starre in the middest of eche temple vayne where the playster dyd lye Which Starre woulde haue a hole in the middest made with the button ende of your drawing yron in this sorte Of the Cancer in the eye The .xxxiii. Chapter THis commeth of a ranke and corrupt bloud discēding from the head into the eye The sygnes You shall see redde pymples some small and some greate both within and without vpon the eye lyddes and all the eye wyll loke redde and be full of corrupte matter The cure according to Martin is thus First let him bloude on that syde the necke that the eye is grieued to the quantity of a Pottell Then take of roche Alum of greene Corporas of eche halfe a pounde of whyte Corporas one ounce and boyle them in three pyntes of running water vntill the halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day washe his eye with this water being made luke warme with a fyne linnen cloth and clense the eye therewith so as it may loke rawe contynuing thus to doe euery day once vntill it be whole Of diseases incident to the eares and powle of the heade and first of an Impostume in the eare The .xxxiiii. Chapter IMpostumes breede eyther by reason of some blowe or brousing or else of euyll humors congealed in the eare by some extreme colde The sygnes be apparant by the burning painfull swelling of the eare and parts therabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the Impostume with this playster Take of Lynesede beaten into powder of wheate flower of eche halfe a pynte of Hony a pinte of Hogges greace or Barrows greace one pounde Warme all these thinges together in an earthen potte and sturre them continually with a flatte stycke or sclyce vntill they be thorowly myngled and incorporated together and then spreade some of this plaister being warme vpon a peece of linnen cloth or soft whyte Leather so broade as the swelling and no more lay it warm vnto it and so lette it remayne one whole day and then renewe it with freshe oyntment continuing so to doe vntill it breake then launce the sore so as the matter may haue passage downewarde and taynt it to the bottom with a taynt of Flaxe dipt in this oyntment Take of Metrosatū of oyle Oliue Turpentine of ech two oūces and mingle them together and make hym a Byggen of Canuas to close in the sore so as the taynte wyth the oyntement may abyde within renuing the taynt once a day vntill it be whole But if the horse haue payne in his eares without any great swelling or Impostumation then thrust in a little blacke woll dipte in oyle of Camamyll and that will heale it Of the Powle euill The .xxxv. Chapter THys is a disease lyke a Fistula growing betwixte the eares and the Powle or nape of the necke and proceedeth of euill humors gathered together in that place or else of some blowe or brouse for that is the weakest and tenderest parte of all the heade and therefore sonest offended whiche rude Carters doe little consyder whylest in their fury they beat their horses vpon that place of the head with their whipstockes and therefore no horses be more subiecte to this disease than Carte horses And this disease commeth most in Winter season The sygnes You shal perceyue it by the swelling of the place which by continuance of tyme will breake of it selfe rotting more inward than outward and therefore is more perillous if it be not cured in tyme and
being put into a bagge and tyed to his heade and if the horse will eate of it it shall doe him the more good And this perfuming in Winter seasō would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the sunne is of some heyght to the intent the horse may be walked abrode if the sunne shyne to excercyse hym moderately And vntill hys coughe weare awaye faile not to giue him warme water with a little ground Maulte And as his cough breaketh more and more so lette his water euery day be lesse warmed than other Of the dry Coughe The .lxx. Chapter THis semeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind pipes so as the horse cā not easly draw his breath if it continue it wyll eyther grow to the Pursick or else breake his winde altogether The sygnes be these He wil cough both often dryly and also vehementlye without voyding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen potte and put therin thre pyntes of strong Uineger and foure Egges shelles and all vnbroken and foure Garlick heades clene pilled broused and set the pot being very close couered in some warme donghill and there lette it stande a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the Egges which will be so soft as sylke lay them by vntil you haue strayned the Garlycke and Uineger thorow a fayre cloth then put to that lyquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugercandye and two ounces of Lycoras two ounces of Annis seedes beaten all into fyne powder And then the horse hauing fasted all the night before in the morning betwixte seuen and eyght of the clock open his mouth with a corde and whorle therein one of the Egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediatelye poure in after it a horne full of the foresayde drynke being first made luke warme and then cast in an other Egge with an other horne ful of drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vppe all the Egges and dronke vp all the drinke and then brydle him and couer him with warmer clothes thā he had before and bring him into the stable and there lette him stande on the bitte at the bare racke well littered vp to the bellye the space of two houres Then vnbitte him and if it be in Winter offer him a handeful of Wheaten straw if in Sōmer giue him grasse and let him eate no hay vnlesse it be very well dusted and sprinckled with water and giue him not much thereof And therfore you shall neede to giue hym the more prouender whiche also must be well clensed of all filthe and dust and giue him no colde water the space of nine dayes And if you perceyue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in Winter purge him with these pilles Take of larde two pounde layde in water two houres then take nothing but the cleene fatte thereof and stampe it in a morter and thereto put of Lycoras of Annis seedes of Fenegreke of eche beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agarice one ounce Knede these together lyke paast make thereof sixe balles as big as an Egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer nighte giue him the nexte morning these pilles one after another annointed with hony and oyle mingled together in a Platter and to the intente he may swallowe them downe whyther he will or not when you haue opened his mouth catch holde of his tongue and holde it faste whilest you whorle in one of the pilles that done thrust it into his throte with a rowling pinne and then let his tongue go vntill he hath swalowed it downe then giue hym in like maner all the rest of the pilles let him stande on the bit warme clothed and littered the space of thre houres at the least and after that giue him a little wette hay and warme water with a little grounde Maulte in it to drinke and lette him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weke And now and then in a fayre sunnye day it shall be good to trotte him one houre abroade to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs The .lxxi. Chapter THis procedes as Absirtus and Theomnestus sayth eyther of an extreeme coughe or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greadye drinking after greate thrist for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin film or skinne and therefore easy to be broken which if it bee not cured in tyme doth growe to appostumation and to corruption oppressing al the lungs which of the olde Authors is called Vomica and Supputatio But Theomnestus sayth that broken lungs rotten lungs be two dyuers diseases and haue dyuers sygnes dyuers cures The sygnes of broken lungs be these The horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his heade often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afrayde to coughe and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a frendes horse of his whose lungs were fretyzed or rather broken as he sayth by continual eating of salte with this maner of cure here folowing Let the horse haue quiet and rest then let him bloude in the haunches where the vaynes appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen dayes Barlye or rather Otes soden in Goates mylke or if you can get no milke boyle it in water and put therein some thicke Collops of Larde and of Deares sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in Sommer tyme the decoction of Barly and this as he sayth will binde his lungs agayne together Vegetius vtterlye disaloweth letting of bloude in any such disease as this is and also all maner of sharpe medicins for feare of prouoking the coughe by meanes whereof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neyther his medicins nor meate woulde bee harshe but smouth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be gyuen him at all tymes is this Take of Fengreke and of Lynsede of ech half a pounde of Gum dragant of Masticke of Mirre of Suger of Fytch floure of eche one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fyne powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme water and the next day giue him a quart of this luke warme putting therevnto two or three ounces of oyle of Roses continuing so to doe many dayes together and if the disease be new this will heale him Yea and it will ease him verye muche though the disease be olde whiche then is thought vncurable And in winter season so long as he stādeth in the stable let him drinke no colde water let his meate be cleene
Some agayne vse to gyue him a quantity of Brimstone and halfe as much Rosen beaten into powder mingled together with his prouender which he must eat a good while before he drinketh Of the payne in the kidneyes The .xcvij. Chapter ME thinkes that the kidneys of a horse shoulde be subiecte to as many griefes as the kydneys of a man as to inflamation obstructiō Appostumes and Ulcers and specially to obstruction that commeth by meanes of some stone or grauel gathered together in the kidneys wherby the horse cannot stale but with payne for I haue sene diuers horses my selfe that haue voyded much grauell in their stale which without doubt did come from the kidneys but my Authours doe referre such griefes to the bladder vrine and write of no disease but onelye of the inflamation of the kidneys whiche is called of them Nephritis and so is it also called of the Phisitians It commeth as they say by some great straine in leaping ouer some ditch or else by bearing some great burthen The sygnes whereof be these The horse will go rolling behinde and staggering his stones will shrinke vp and his stale wil be blackishe and thicke I thinke this disease differeth not from that which we called before the swaing of the backe when we talked of the griefes in the backe and loynes and therfore resorte thither The cure of this disease according to the best of the olde wryters is in this sorte Bath his backe and loynes with wyne oyle and Nytrum warmed together and after that you haue so bathed him let him be couered with warme clothes and stand littered vp to the belly with strawe so as he may lye softe and giue him such drinkes as may prouoke vrine as those that be made with Dil Fenell Annis Smallage Perslie Spicknard Myrrh Cassia Some say it is good to giue him a kinde of pulse called Cyche with wine Some againe do prayse Ewes milke or else Oyle and Deres sewet molten together to be giuen him to drinke or the roote of the herbe called Asphodelus englyshed by some Daffadill sodden in wine Of the diseases belonging to the Bladder and vrine of a horse The .xcviij. Chapter HIerocles sayth that a horse is subiect to three kindes of diseases incident to the bladder or vrine the first is called Stranguria the seconde Disuria the thirde Ischuria Stranguria otherwise called in Latine Stillicidium and of our olde Ferrers according to the French name Chovvdepis is when the horse is prouoked to stale often and voydeth nothing but a fewe droppes whiche commeth as the Phisitians say eyther through the sharpnes of the vrine or by some exulceration of the bladder or else by meanes of some Appostume in the Lyuer or kidneys which Appostume being brokē the matter resorteth down into the bladder and with the sharpenesse thereof causeth a continuall prouocation of pissing Disuria is when the horse can not pisse but with great labour and paine which for difference sake I wil call from henceforth the paynepisse It may come some time through the weakenesse of the bladder colde intemperature thereof and sometime through the abundaunce of Flegmaticke and grosse humors stopping the necke of the bladder Ischuria is when the horse can not pisse at all and therefore may be called the pissupprest or suppression of vrine whether you will me thinkes alwayes the shorter a proper name be the better and more easy to pronounce It may come as the Phisitians say by weakenesse of the bladder or for that the water cōduit is stopte with grosse humors or with matter discending from the Lyuer or kidneys or with the stone yea and sometymes by meanes of some inflamation or hard knob growing at the mouth of the Conduit or for that the sinewes of the bladder is nummed so as the bladder is without feeling or it may come by retention and long holding of the water most of whiche causes Hierocles also reciteth adding thervnto that it may chaunce to a Horse through ouer much rest and Idlenesse and also by meanes of some extreme cold and specially in winter season for the which the warmth of fire is a present remedy But now mine Authours do not shew for euery one of these three kindes of diseases seuerall signes but onely say that when a horse can not stale he will stande as though he woulde stale and thrust out his yarde a little and also for very paine stande beating his taile betwixt his thighes Neyther do they seeme to appoint seuerall cures but do make a hochepot mingling them al together some of them praysing one thing and some an other for some saye it is good to mingle the iuyce of Leekes with sweete smelling wine and oyle together and to poure that into his right nosetryll and then to walke him vp and downe vpon it and that will make him to stale Some say it is good to giue him smallage sede or else the roote of wilde Fenell sodden with wine to drinke or to put fiue sharpe Onyons cleane pilled and somewhat broused into his fundament and to chaufe him immediatelye vpon it eyther by ryding him or other wyse that shall cause him to stale presently It is good also to bath al his backe and Loynes wyth warme water The scrapinges of the inwarde parts of his owne houes beatē into powder and mingled with wine and poured into his ryght nosetryll will make him to stale if you chaufe him vpon it and the rather as Hierocles saith if you carry him to some shepes coate or other place where sheepe are wont to stande the smell of whose dong and pisse without any other medicine as he sayth will prouoke him to stale Some will gyue the horse white dogs dong dryed and mingled with salt wine Amoniacum to drinke some Hogs dong onely with wine some the dregges of horsepisse with wine and many other medicins whiche I leaue to reherse for feare of being to tedious and specially sith Martins experience foloweth here at hande agreing in all pointes with Laurentius Russius cure which is in this sorte First drawe out his yarde and wash it well in white wyne and scoure it well bycause it will be many tymes stopped with dirt and other baggage together hardned like a stone and then put a little oyle of Camomill into the Cunduit with a waxe Candle and a broused cloue of Garlicke and that will prouoke hym to stale And if that will not helpe then gyue him this drinke Take of Persly two handefull of Coriandre one handfull stampe them and strayne them with a quarte of whyte wyne dissolue therin one ounce of cake sope and gyue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and kepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no colde water for the space of fiue or sixe dayes and when you would haue him to stale lette it be eyther vpon plentye of strawe or vpon some grene plotte or else in a sheps coate
naturall disposition incident to that horse whiche is foled vnder the signe of Leo. Whiche is a hote and fierye signe Albeit all horses foled vnder this signe haue not this faulte in dede Neyther can it be knowen by the Ostriche feather in the horses necke nor yet certainelye discerned at the chaunging of his teeth what so euer other men say but onely by his plaine lyinge downe in the water For the whyche faulte there is no better remedy then this here folowynge Cause a seruaunt to ride him into some riuer or water not ouer depe and appoint three other footemen with cogels in their handes to followe him harde at the heeles into the water to thintente that when the horse begynneth to lye downe they maye be readye to leape vpon him and with the helpe of the Rider to force him to ducke his heade downe vnder the water so as the water may enter into his eares Not suffrynge hym to lift vp his head agayne of a god whyle together but make him by main force to kepe it still vnder continuallye beating him all the while with their cogels and rating him with loude and terrible voyces That done let him onlye lift vp his heade to take breath and aire Duryng which time cease not also to beat him still vppon the head betwixt the eares which done ducke his heade with like violence once agayne into the water And then let hym rise vp vpon hys feete And whilst he is passing through the water let the men folowe after beatinge him and ratinge him all the waye vntill he be cleane oute of the water and then leaue For otherwyse it were dysorder Then the next daye folowynge let him be ridden againe in the same water And so sone as hys ryder seeth that the horse maketh anye offer to lie downe yea and somtime before he perceyueth it let him immediatlye preuent him of his pourpose by touchinge him with his spurres and by beatynge hym vpon the heade betwixt the eares and vppon the flanke wyth his stycke thretninge him with a terrible voyce And you shall see it wyll make him to forget his lying downe and to passe through quietly Yea and it is possible that this correction alone wythoute the helpe of the other before declared will suffise to bring hym from this vice And to both these corrections you maye also if you wil adde the helpe of the cord teyed with a ridinge knot about the horses coddes whyche corde the ryder may straine and let go accordyng as he shall see occasion as well to preuent the horse of hys lying downe as also when hys head is kept vnder the water the griefe whereof together with the other corrections wyll the sooner cause hym to leaue this vice ¶ How to correct that horse whych is skyttish or fearefull and wyl start at euery thyng and whereof suche vyce proceadeth Cap. xvii A Horse maye be fearefull for that he is yonge and hath not bene rydden perhappes where sundrye syghtes are And therfore yf you chaunce to ryde him through some towne or fayre he is afrayde of euerye thyng that he seeth Lykewise if he hath bene skared before tyme with any thyng that hath offended hym eyther wyth noyse sighte or otherwise so often as he shall heare or see the same he wyll be afraid And finally fearfulnes may proceade for lacke of perfect syght whyche is woorse then all the rest Accordyng to all whyche causes remedies do folow here orderlye But fyrst as touching the yong horse whych is afraide of suche thynges as he neuer sawe before See that in no wyse ye doe beate hym for the same least he take the thynge that he beholdeth and shonneth to bee the cause of hys smarte and so become more fearfull then he was before But rather staye there a whyle and by gentle meanes make him by litle and litle to go towardes the thing wherof he is afrayde whiche doynge make muche of hym And you shall see that by standinge sometime styl to looke vpon it and somtyme by goyng towardes it he shall be so well acquainted therwyth as he wyll not feare it And when he commeth at it let him staye there a prety whyle together to thintent he may be the more assured therof But if youre horse be afrayde of anye thyng whych hath offended him before time so as he wil by no meanes passe by it Then see that you your self molest him no maner of wayes but appoint some footeman standinge byhinde you to prouoke him forwarde with the sounde of his lyppes and by threatninge him with his voyce and if nede be by beatyng him wyth a staffe vpon the rompe and vpon the hinder legges And when he beginneth to go forwarde make you muche of hym all the waye For so a yonge horse must be handled But if youre horse be throughlye broken in all poyntes mete for him to learne and knoweth what all maner of corrections and helpes meane Then if he chaunce to be afrayd of any thing and so sodenlye stoppeth goinge by the waye let not immediatlye to put him forwarde by helpinge hym with your voyce legges spurres or rod or all together wythout any stayinge to acquaint him with the thyng wherof he is afraid And that shall make him to go alwayes forward as he ought to do But if your horse be afrayd of anye thyng for lacke of perfect syght then beate hym not but rather by makynge muche of hym encourage him by litle and litle to goe forwarde helpynge hym sometime wyth your voyce And if you see that he standeth doubtfull betwyxt goynge and not goynge then sodenlye to put all doubtes and fearefull imaginations oute of his mynde helpe hym not only wyth your voyce but also wyth your spurres And it wyll make hym to passe foorth wythout anye staye Note also that to embolden a yonge horse so as he maye abide anye thynge it is very good to ryde him oft in the nyght season and in the daye tyme in some towne amongst artificers and especiallye amongst smithes peuterers armorers brasiers tinkers and suche lyke And lykewise amongst furriers where diuers colored skyns hange in sight and also abroad in the fyeld where deade carcasses lye newe flayne to thintent that no maner of syght or noyse maye seeme straunge vnto him And when so euer he wil not come nygh any such thing then vse the order before declared It is good for a certayne dayes to lette hym weare suche a whurleguig as children run withall agaynst the wynde made lyke wyndmyll sayles fastned to his headstall vpon hys foretop or on the one syde of his head vnder his eare For besydes that the swyft turnynge about thereof before his eyes doeth helpe muche to assure hym The whitenes also of the same whylst it tourneth about doth take awaye those impressions of shadowes from hys syght whych before were wont to fray hym But though thys be a great helpe to embolden the most parte of horses yet there be some
mouth may be ioyned wyth one plyght within another or els with a pece whyche pece as it geueth the tongue more liberty so it maketh the horses mouth more subiect For the same vice and for defending wyth the lyp YOu may for the same vyce make both thys scach also the close scach with a round welt about the bignes of a good big packe thread on the inside so well aboue as beneth which pinchyng him on the barres in his mouth wil not only make him the more subiect but also let him frō defending with the lip The fashion of whiche byt is playnly set forth in the .18 figure For a horse that will drawe vp the bit with his tongue TAke a halfe scache with an vpset mouth hauing a trenche aboue in the place of the water cheyne as you may see in the .19 figure A half Canon also made in like sorte doth correct the same vice whereof you had an example before in the ninth fygure ¶ For a horse that hath a litle mouth and hard barres TAke a Cats foote or vpset mouth complete made wyth smooth melons or olyues But if his mouth be great and harde let such byt be made with peares or els wyth belles otherwyse called campanels Of all which sortes you haue examlpes in the .20.21 and 22. fygures ¶ For a horse that hath a drye mouth and harde and reaneth lowe and perhaps defendeth wyth the lyps TAke a halfe cats foote made wyth smoth millons or wyth peares or els wyth campanels if he defendeth wyth the lyp the fashyons of which bits doe folowe the rest orderlye And to the water cheine you may also put if you wyl .ii. or .iiii. litle flaps or players to make the byt the more pleasant that the horse may haue some sauour and delyght therin ¶ Of whole portes how they ought to be made and what vyces they do correct Cap. xxviii THoughe whole portes ought to be rounde and made all of one pece and not broken or ioyned together in the top as the others are yet they must be broken beneath and ioined on both sydes vnto the Ieyues wheron the peares or belles are put For those that run whole out with their armes with out any breakyng at all be to roughe and therefore neuer good nor mete to be vsed And on the top of such porte must hange the flap or player Note also that of whole portes some are made without trenches some haue trenches aboue But I will shew you first the vse of them wythout trenches ¶ For a horse that hath very harde barres TAke a whole port wyth olyues or wyth smoothe melons And if such melons hadde on eche out side one playing ring it were the better ¶ For a horse that hath a great mouth and hard barres Take a scach with a whole port ¶ For a horse that is harde of mouth and defendeth verye muche wyth hys nether lyppe TAke a whole port with peares or els with campanels the shapes wherof are expressed in the .iii. and .iiii. figures And you maye chose whether you wyll haue suche campanels embossed out or els flat at the endes Moreouer as wel the peares as Campanels may haue on eche out side a playing rolle and therby the bit shal be of more sorte and efficacie ¶ Of whole portes wyth trenches aboue how they ought to be made and for what mouthes they are most meete Cap. xxix ALso you maye make euerye one of these foresayde whole portes wyth trenches aboue full of little rynges beades or buttons whyche trenches woulde be fastened as well to the porte as to the holes whereas the water cheane is wont to be placed and not to the greate eye of the cheke where the Ieyues are fastened As they vsed in olde time and do styll at these dayes in some places And the higher the holes be whereas suche trenches shoulde be fastened the harder shall the bitte be And so shal be any bit hauing trenches aboue in stead of the water cheane be it Canon scach or any other wherof you had examples before in the .9 and 19. fygures of the broken portes and vpset mouthes But forsomuche as these whole portes hauing trenches aboue in steade of the water cheane are verye harde bits they are not mete therfore to be vsed but onelye for such horses as be of a very stubborn and froward nature and be laden wyth greate cheekes or iawes hauing hard barres and hard mouth The shapes of which bittes you may see in the .5.6.7 and .8 last figures but nowe to conclude although euerye one of the byttes before rehearsed from the begynninge to thendinge may serue as you haue hard to some good purpose being vsed in time and in dede be so sufficient to correct any vyce of the mouth wythout doyng the horse any harme as I woulde wyshe you to seeke no further yet do they little preuayle vnles the Ryder haue a good discretion and be able to discerne one mouth from an other and to knowe when and howe muche to encrease or to diminishe the qualitye of the bit and how to applye the same whych if he can doe and hath besydes that the true art of Ryding he shall not nede the helpe of so many bits but only of these thre that is the Cannon the scach and the whole port with smooth melons or with oliues which three bits wyth arte do suffice to frame anie horses mouthe of what sort soeuer he be ¶ The shape or figure of the head-straine to be made of good rownde coarde A playne Canone A playne Scach A smoothe Melon byt A smoothe Melon byt somewhat rounder then the other A Melon byt hauing on eche side two playing ringes next the middle ioynte A Peare bytte A peare byt hauinge on eache out side one playing rynge A Peare byt hauinge on eche side two playing ringes next the middle ioynte you shall see it nedefull This medicine before rehersed is called of the aunciente wryters Diapente that is to say a composition of fyue simples and is praysed to be a soueraine medicine and preseruatiue against all inward diseases and therfore they woulde haue suche as trauell by the way to cary of this powder alwayes about with them There be many other medicines which I leaue to wryte bycause if I should rehearse euery mannes medicine my booke would be infinite I for my parte woulde vse no other than eyther that before expressed or else Wine and Triacle onely Of the diseases in the heade The .xvi. Chapter THe Heade is subiecte to dyuers diseases according to the dyuers partes thereof for in the pannicles or little fyne skynnes cleauyng to the bones and couering the braine doe most properlye breede headeache and mygram Againe in the substaunce of the braine which in a horse is very little or none doe breede the Frenzie Madnesse Sleping euill the taking and forgetfulnesse Finally in the ventricles or celles of the brayne and in those cunduyets throughe which
sayth that if you giue him mans dong in wyne to drinke thre morninges together it will heale him also take of blacke Elleborus two or three handefull and boile it in a sufficient quantitye of strong Vyneger and therewith rubbe and chause both his head and al his body once or twice in a day for the oftner his heade is rubbed the better and often excercyse is verye profitable to all his body Some againe woulde haue the skinne of his heade to be pearced in dyuerse places with a hote Iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuayle then the last remedy is to gelde him of both hys stones or else of one at the least for eyther that wyll heale him or else nothing As touchyng the dyet and vsage of a madde horse the Authors do not agre for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quyet house voyd from all noyse which Absirtus saith wil either make him madder or else kyll him out of hande His dyet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that day that he is let bloud receyueth hys drynke they would haue hym to faste vntyll Euen and then to haue a warme washe of Barlye meale yea me thynkes it were not amisse to feede him onelye with warme mashes and hay and that by little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Of the sleeping euill The xix Chapter THIS is a disease forcyng the beast continually to sleepe whether he will or not taking his memory and appetyte cleane awaye and therefore is called of the Phisitians Lethargus it procedeth of abundaunce of flegme moysting the brayne ouer much It is easy to knowe by the continuall sleeping of the horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloude in the necke and then giue him this drink Take of Camomyl Motherwort of eche two or thre handefull boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thervnto a little wheate branne salte and Uineger and let him drinke a pynte of that euerye day the space of thre or foure dayes together It is good also to perfume and chaufe his heade wyth Tyme and Peniryail sodden together in Uinegar or with Brymstone and Feathers burned vppon a chaufing dish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Perithre beaten to powder vp into his nosetrils yea and to annointe the palat of his mouth with Hony and Mustarde mingled together and in his drinke which woulde be alwayes warm water to put Parsely sede Fenel sede to prouoke vrine His legges also woulde be bathed and his Houes filled with wheate bran salte and Uineger sodden together and layd to so hote as he may endure it and in any case suffer him nor to sleepe but kepe him waking and styrring by continuall crying vnto him or pricking him wyth some sharpe thing that can not passe clene through the skinne or else by beating hym with a whip and thus doing he shall recouer Of a horse that is taken The .xx. Chapter A Horse is said to be taken when he is depryued of his feeling and mouing so as he is able to sturre no maner of waye but remayneth in suche state or fourme as he was taken in Whiche disease is called of the Phisitians by the Greeke name Catalepsis and in Laten Deprehensio or Congelatio and of Vegetius Sederatio which also calleth those beastes that haue this disease lumenta sideratitia The Phisitians say that it commeth of abundance of Flegme and Choler mixte together or else of Melancoly bloud which is a colde dry humor oppressing the hynder partes of the brayne But Vegetius sayth that it cōmeth of some extreme outwarde colde striking sodenlye into the emptye vaynes or of some extreme heate or of rawe disgestion or else of some greate hunger caused by long fasting It is easy to knowe by the discription before mentioned And as touching the cure Vegetius sayth that if it come of colde then it is good to giue him to drinke one ounce of Laserpitium with wine and oyle mixt together and made luke warme if of heate then to giue it him with water and hony it of crudite then to heale him by fasting if of hunger then by feeding him well with pease But Martin sayth that this disease is called of the Frenche men Surprius and it commeth as he sayth most chiefly of colde taken after a heate and he wissheth a horse that is thus taken to be cured in this sort First to be let bloude on both sydes of the breast and then to be put in a heate eyther by continuall sturring and molesting hym or else if he will sturre by no meanes then to bury him all saue the heade in a warme donghill and there to let hym lye vntill his lymmes haue some feeling And before you so bury him it shall be good to giue him this drinke Take of Malinesy thre pyntes and put thervnto a quarterne of Suger and some Cynamon and Cloues and let him drinke it good and warme and vntyll he be perfectly whole let him be kepte warme and often excercysed and walked vp and downe in the stable and thinlye dyeted and drinke nothing but warme water wherein if you put fome Fenell and Perslye seede to prouoke him to vryne it shall bee the better And if he cannot dong let him be raked and haue a glister made of the broth of Mallowes and freshe butter Of the Staggers The .xxi. Chapter THis is a doosinesse of the head called of the Latens Vertigo and of the Italians as I remember Capistura It commeth of some corrupte bloude or grosse and toughe humors ▪ oppressing the braine from whence proceedeth a vaporous sprighte dissolued by a weake heate which troubleth al the heade The sygnes be these dymnesse of fight the reeling and staggering of the horse who for very payne will thrust his heade agaynst the walles and forsake his meate The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude in the temple vaynes and then with a knife make a hole of an ynche long ouerthwarte his foreheade hard vnderneath his foretoppe and rayse the skyn with a cornette thrusting it vpwarde towardes the headstal a good handefull and then put in a teynt dypt in Turpentyne and Hogges greece molten together renuing the taynte euery day once vntill it be whole and doe the lyke vppon the rydge of the rumpe but me thinkes it were better to do the lyke in the powle of his heade or nape of his necke for so shoulde the euill humors haue both wayes the easyer and spedyer passage And as touching hys dyet let him haue continuallye warme drinke and mashes and once a day be walked vp and downe fayre and softly to excercyse his body Of the Falling euill The .xxii. Chapter THis is a kinde of convulsion or Crampe called of the Latens by the Greke name Epilepsia in
legges and lymmes Theomnestus cured his horse as he saith by placing him in a warm stable by making a clere fyre without any smoke round aboute him and the horse not being able to open his Iawes of him self he caused his mouth to be opened and put therein soppes dypt in a confertion called Entrigon Conditum and also annointed al his body with a medicin or oyntment called Acopū the making whereof hereafter foloweth dissolued in Cypres oyle which made him to fal into a sweat and being before halfe deade and more broughte him againe to his feeling and mouing so as he did rise and eate his meate The receyt of the medicine or oyntment called Acopum TAke of Euforbium two ounces of Castoreum foure ounces of Adarces half a pound of Bdellium thre ounces of Pepper one pounde of Foxe greece two ounces of Opoponax foure ounces of Lacerpitium three ounces of Amoniacum halfe a pounde of Pygions dong as much of Galbanum two ounces of Nitrum fiue ounces of Spumanitrie three ounces of Ladanum one pounde of Perethrum and of Bay buryes of eche thre ounces of Cardamomum eyght ounces of the seede of Rewe halfe a pounde of the seede of Agnus Castus foure ounces of Parslye two ounces of the dryed rootes of Ireos or Floure de Luce fiue ounces of Isoppe and of Carpobalsamū one pound of oyle of Floure deluce and oyle de Bay of ech one pound a halfe of oyle of Spiconard three pound of Oleum Ciprinum three pounde and halfe of the oldest oyle Oliue that you can possible get sixe pounde of Pitche not smelling of the smoke one pound eyght ounces of Turpētine one pound Melte euery one of these that will melte seuerally by them selues and then myngle them together with the rest of the simples beaten into fyne powder and after that they haue bene a little boyled on the fyre take it of straine it into a fayre vessell and whensoeuer you will giue your horse any therof giue it him with wine And if with long kepyng it waxeth harde then soften it with oyle of Cypres so as it may be good thicke This confection is both a medicin also an ointement is called of the old wryters Acopum Which if it be put into a horses nosetrilles it will drawe out all noysome humors and discharge his heade of all griefe yea this medicine healeth all Convulsions coldes drynesse or withering of the body and dryueth away all werynesse and tyering Of colde in the heade The .xxvi. Chapter ACcording as the colde whiche the horse hath taken is newe or olde greate or small and also according as humors do abounde in his heade and as suche humors be thicke or thin so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horse casteth lyttle or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great coughe but is onelye heauy in his heade and perhappes lightlye cougheth nowe than it is a sygne that he is stopped in the head whiche we were wont to call the pose But if his head be full of humors congealed by some extreme tolde taken of long tyme paste and that he casteth foule filthye and stinking matter out at the nose and cougheth grieuouslye then it is a sygne that he hath eyther the Glaunders or Stranguyllion Mourning of the Chayne or Consumption of the Lungs For all such diseases do breede for the most part of the Rheume or distillation that commeth frō the head Of the cures therof we leaue to speak vntil we come to talke of the diseases in the throte minding here to shewe you how to heale the Pose or colde before mentioned Martin sayth it is good to pourge his head by perfuming him with Franconcense and also to prouoke hym to neese by thrusting two Goose feathers dypt in oyle de Bay vp into his nosetrilles and then to trotte him vppe and down the space of halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to caste immedyately at the nose Laurentius Russius woulde haue him to be perfumed with wheate Peniryall and Sage sodden well together put into a bagge so hote as may be which bag would be so close fastned to his heade that all the sauour thereof maye ascende vp into his nosetrilles and his heade also woulde be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neese he would haue you to binde a softe cloute annoynted with Sope or else wyth Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a stycke and to thrust that vppe and downe into hys nostrilles so hye as you may conueniently go let him be kept warme and drink no colde water Yea it shall be good for three or foure dayes to boyle in his water a lyttle Senegreke Wheat meale and a fewe Annis seedes And euery day after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neese cause him to be trotted vppe and downe eyther in the warme Sunne or else in the house halfe an houre which woulde be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the diseases in the eyes The .xxvii. Chapter HOrses eyes be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or bloudshotten to be dymme of syght to haue the pyn and webbe and the haw whereof some commes of inwarde causes as of humors resorting to the eyes and some of outward causes as of colde heate or strype Of weping or watering eyes The .xxviii. Chapter THis as Laurentius Russius sayeth may come sometyme by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite bycause it doth not differ much from Martins experience here folowing Take of Pitche Rosen and Mastick lyke quantity melt them together Then with a little sticke hauing a cloute bounde to the ende thereof and dipte therein annoynt the temple vaynes on both sydes a handefull aboue the eyes as broade as a Testerne and then clap vnto it immediatly a fewe Flocks of like colour to the horse holding them close to his heade with your hande vntill they stycke faste vnto his heade then let him bloude on both sydes if both eyes be infected a handfull vnder the eyes Russius also thinketh it good to washe his eyes once a day wyth pure whyte wyne and then to blowe therein a lyttle of Tartarum and of Pomys stone beaten into fyne powder Of bloudshotten eyes for a blowe or ytching and rubbing in the eyes The .xxix. Chapter MArtin neuer vsed any other medicine than this water here folowing wherewith he did alwayes heale the foresayde griefes Take of pure rose water of Malmesy of Fenell water of eche thre sponefull of Tutia as muche as you may easely take with your Thombe and Finger of Cloues a dosen beaten into fyne powder mingle them well together and being luke warme or colde if you will washe the inwarde partes of the eye with a fether dipt therin twice a day vntill he be whole Russius sayth that to bloude shotten eyes it is good to
the soner it be taken in hand the better The cure according to Martin is thus If it be not broken rype it with a playster of Hogges greace layde vnto it so hote as maye be and make a Byggyn for the powle of hys heade to kepe it from colde which Biggen woulde haue two holes open so as his eares may stande out and renue the playster euery day once vntill it breake keping the sore place as warme as may be And if you see that it will not breake so sone as you woulde haue it then there as it is softest and moste metest to be opened take a rounde hote yron as byg as your little fynger and sharpe at the poynte and two ynches beneath that soft place thrust it in a good depenesse vpwarde so as the poynte of the yron may come out at the rypest place to the intent that the matter may discende downeward come out at the neather hole whiche woulde be alwayes kepte open and therefore taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dypt in Hogges greace and lay a playster of Hogges greace also vpon the same renuing it euery day once the space of foure dayes which is done chiefly to kill the heat of the fyre Then at the foure dayes ende take of Turpintyne halfe a pounde cleane washed in nine sundry waters after that thorowly dryed by thrusting out the water wyth a felyce on the dyshes side then put therevnto two yolkes of Egges and a little Saffron and myngle them well together that done searche the depth of the hole with a wholle quill and make a taynt of a peece of sponge so long as it may reache the bottom and so big as it may fill the wounde and annoynt the taynt with the foresayde oyntment and thrust it into the wounde eyther with that quill or else by winding it vp with your finger and thombe by little and little vntill you haue thrust it home and then lay on the playster of Hogs greace made luke warme renuing it euery day once or twice vntill it be whole But if the swelling ceasse then you neede not to vse the playster but onelye to taynt it and as the matter decreaseth so make your taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntil the wounde be perfectly whole Of the Uyues The .xxxvi. Chapter THe Uyues be certaine kirnels growing vnder the horses eare proceding of some rank or corrupt bloud resorting to that place which within are full of little whyte graynes like whyte salte kirnelles The Italians call them Viuole which if they be suffered to growe Laurētius Russius sayth that they will grieuously pain the horse in his throte so as he shall not be able to swallow his meat nor to breath They be easy to know for that they may be felte and also sene The cure according to Martin is in this sorte Firste draw them ryghte downe in the mydst with a hote Iron from the rote of the eare so farre as the tippe of the eare wil reach being pulled downe and vnder the roote againe drawe two strykes on eche syde lyke an arrowe heade in this forme then in the midst of the first lyne launce them with a launcet and taking holde of the kirnelles with a payre of Pynsons pull them so farre forwarde as you may cut the kirnelles out without hurting the vayne that done fill the hole with white salt But Hierocles would haue them to be cured in this sorte Take a piece of Sponge sowsed well in strong Uineger binde that to the sore renuing it twice a day vntill it hath rotted the kirnelles that done launce it in the nethermoste parte where the matter lyeth and let it out and then fill it vp with salte finely brayed and the nexte day washe all the filth away with warme water and annoynte the place with Hony and Fytch flower myngled together But beware you touche none of the kirnelles with your bare finger for feare of venoming the place which is very apt for a Fistula to breede in Of the cancorous Ulcer in the nose The .xxxvii. Chapter THIS disease is a fretting humor eating and consuming the fleshe and making it all rawe within and not being holpen in tyme will eate thorow the gristle of the nose It commeth of a corrupt bloude or else of sharpe hunger ingendred by meanes of some extreme cold The signes be these He will bleede at the nose and all the fleshe within wil be rawe and filthy stinking sauours and matter will come out at his nose The cure according to Martin is thus Take of grene Corporas of Alom of eche one pounde of whyte Corporas one quarterne and boyle these in a Pottell of running water vntill a pynte be consumed then take it of and put thervnto halfe a pynte of hony then cause his heade to be holden vp with a drinking staffe and squirt into his nosetrilles with a squirte of Brasse or rather of Elder some of this water being luke warme thre or foure tymes one after another but betwixt euery drinking giue him libertye to holde downe his heade and to blowe out the fylthy matter for otherwyse perhappes you may choke hym And after this it shall be good also without holding vp his heade any more to washe and rub hys nosetrilles with a fyne cloute bounde to a whyte stickes ende and wet in the water aforesayde and serue him thus once a day vntill he be whole Of bléeding at the nose The .xxxviii. Chapter I Haue seene horses my selfe that haue bledde at the nose which haue had neyther sore nor Ulcer in their nose and therfore I can not choose but say wyth the Phisitians that it commeth by meanes that the vayne which endeth in that place is eyther opened broken or fretted It is opened many tymes by meanes that bloud aboundeth to muche or for that it is to fyne or to subtill and so pearceth thorow the vayne Againe it may be broken by some vyolent strayne cutte or blowe And finally it may be fretted or gnawen through by the sharpnesse of the bloude or else of some other euyll humor contayned therein As touching the cure Martin sayth it is good to take a pynte of redde Wyne and to put therein a quarterne of Bole Armeni beaten into fine powder and being made luke warme to poure the one halfe thereof the first day into his nosetril that bleedeth causing his heade to be holden vp so as the lyquor may not fall out and the next day to giue him the other half But if this preuayleth not then I for my parte woulde cause him to be lette bloude in the breast vayne on the same syde that he bledeth at seuerall tymes Then take Franconcense one ounce of Aloes halfe an ounce and beate them into fyne powder and mingle them thorowlye with the whytes of Egges vntill it be so thicke as Honye and wyth soft Hares hayre thruste it vppe into his nosetrill fylling the hole so full as it can not fall out or
teeth shorter running alongst them euen from the first vnto the laste turning the hollow syde of your toole towards the teeth so shal not the toole cut the insides of his cheekes the backe or rounde syde being turned towarde the foresayde cheekes and that done washe all his mouth with Uineger and salte and let him goe Why the diseases in the necke wythers and backe be declared here before the diseases in the throte The .xlvii. Chapter HAuing hytherto spoken of the diseases incident to a horses heade and to all the partes therof Naturall order requireth that we should now discend into the throte as a parte next adiacent to the mouth But for so much as the diseases in the throte haue not onely affinity with the heade but also with the Lunges and other inwarde partes whiche are many tymes grieued by meanes of distillation comming from the head and through the throte I will first speake of the diseases incident to the necke wythers and backe of a horse to the intent that when I come to talke of diseases as Rheumes and distillations doe cause I may discourse of them orderlye without interruption Of the Crycke in the necke The .xlviii. Chapter BYcause a Crycke is no other thing but a kinde of Convulsion and for that we haue spoken sufficientlye before of all the kindes thereof in the Chapter of Convulsion I purpose not here therfore to trouble you with many wordes But onely shew you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The Crycke then called of the Italians Scima or Lucerdo according to Russius yea and according to Martin is when the horse can not tourne his necke anye maner of way but holde it still right forth in so muche as he can not take his meate from the grounde but by tymes and that very slowlye Russius sayth it commeth by meanes of some great wayght layd on the horses shoulders or else by ouer much drying vp of the Synewes in the necke The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Drawe him with a hote iron from the roote of the eare on both sydes of the necke through the middest of the same euen downe to the breast a strawe depe so as both endes may meete vpon the breast Then make a hole in his forheade hard vnder the foretoppe and thruste in a cornette vpwarde betwixt the skinne and the fleshe a handfull deepe then put in a goose feather doubled in the midest and annoynted with Hogs greace to kepe the hole open to the intent the matter may runne out the space of ten dayes But euery day during that tyme the hole muste be clensed once and the Feather also clensed and freshe annoynted and so put in agayne And once a day let him stande vppon the bitte one houre or two or be ridden two or thre Myles abrode by such a one as will beare his heade and make him to bring it in But if the Crycke be such as the horse can not hold his necke strayght but clene awry as I haue sene dyuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the horse be drawen with a hote Iron on both sydes of the necke but onely on the contrary syde As for example if he bende his heade toward the right syde then to drawe him as is aforesayde onely on the left syde and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue sayde and if nede be you may splent hym also with handesome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand ryght Of Wennes in the necke The .xlix. Chapter A Wen is a certayne kyrnell like tumor or swelling the insyde whereof is harde lyke a grystell and spongious lyke a skinne full of Wrettes Of Wens some be great some be small Againe some be very paynefull and some not paynefull at all The Phisitians say that they procede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius sayth that they chaunce to a horse by taking colde or by drinking of waters that be extreme colde The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Mallowes Sage and redde Netels of eche one handfull boyle them in running water and put thervnto a little butter and hony and when the hearbes be soft take them out and all to brouse them and put thervnto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogges greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done playster it vpon a pece of Leather so bygge as the Wen and lay it to so hote as the horse may indure it renuing it euery day in such sort the space of eyght dayes and if you perceyue that it will come to no heade then launce it from the middest of the Wen downewarde so depe as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and lette out that done heale it vp with this salue Take of Turpentyne a quarterne and washe it nine tymes in fayre newe water then put therevnto the yolke of an Egge and a little Englishe Saffron beaten in powder and make a taynt or rowle of Flax and dippe it in that oyntment and lay it vnto the sore renuing the same euerye day once vntill it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloud letting The .l. Chapter THis may come of the Flegme being rustye and so causing the vayne to rancle or else by meanes of some colde winde striking sodenlye into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoynt it with oyle of Camomill warmed and then lay vpon it a lyttle hay wet in colde water and binde it about with a cloth renuing it euery day the space of fiue or syx dayes to see whether it will grow to a heade or else vanishe away If it growe to a heade then giue it a slytte wyth a Launcet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by taynting it with Flaxe dypt in Turpentine and Hogs greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntill it be whole Howe to staunch bloude The .li. Chapter IF a horse be lette bloude when the sygne is in the necke the vayne perhaps will not leaue bleeding so sone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chaunce then Russius sayth it is good to binde therevnto a little newe horsedong tempred with chaulke and strong Uineger and not to remoue it from thence the space of three dayes or else to lay thervnto burnt Sylke Felt or Cloth for all such thinges will staunch bloud Of the falling of the Crest The .lii. Chapter THis commeth for the most part of pouertye and specially when a fatte horse falleth away sodenlye The cure according to Martin is thus Drawe his Creast the depenesse of a strawe on the contrary syde with a hote yron the edge of whiche yron would be halfe an ynch brode and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vpon the edge of the mayne euen vnderneath the
declared in the last Chapter He sayth also it is good to make him swim thorowe a Ryuer and to rowle him vpon the haunches nigh the huckle bones and to make the haire to growe agayne it is good as he sayth to annoint the place with Hogs greace and thre leaued grasse stamped together Of Hyde bownd The .lxiii. Chapter HYde bound is when the skinne cleaueth so faste to the horses backe that a man can not pull it from the fleshe with his hand which Ruellius calleth Coriago it commeth for the moste parte of pouerty or else when the horse after some greate heat hath bene suffered to stand long in the rayne or wette weather for that wil cause the skin to shrinke and to cling to his rybbes It is knowen by the leannesse of the horse and gauntnesse of his belly and by the fast sticking of the skinne vnto his ribbes when you pull at it with your hande The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sydes the bellye in the flanke vaynes betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done gyue him this drinke Take a quart of good white wine or else of good Ale and put therevnto thre ounces of good Salet oyle of Comen one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Lycoras two ounces beaten all into fyne powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath dronke lette one standing at his huckle bone rubbe him hard with his hande alongst the backe and ouerthwart the rybbes the space of halfe an houre that done sette him in a warme stable and let him stande in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and rybbes with a sacke first thorowly soked in a Tub of colde water and then well and harde wrong and ouer that cast an other cloth and girde it fast with a sursingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh strawe continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during whiche tyme giue him no colde water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wette sacke will cause the backe to gather heate of it selfe and the skin to losen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoynt all his body with wine and oyle mingled together according to the opinions of the olde wryters whiche no doubte is a verye comfortable thing and must nedes supple the skinne and losen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throte and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe The .lxiiii. Chapter SOme perhappes would loke here that for so muche as I haue declared the diseases of the necke wythers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hippes But syth that such griefes for the moste parte doe cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hippe legge ioynte or foote I thinke it not good to seperate those partes a sunder specially syth nature hath ioyned them together that is to say the shoulders to the forelegges and the hippes to the hinder legges And therfore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed you all the diseases that be in the inwarde partes of a horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throte lungs breast and heart but also vnder the Midriffe as those of the stomacke Lyuer Guttes and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throte the Glaunders and Stranguyllion to all horses is most common Of the Glaunders and Stranguyllion so called according to the Italion name Stranguijlione The .lxv. Chapter MOst Ferrers do take the Glaunders and Stranguylion to be all one disease but it is not so for the Glaunders is that which the Phisitians call Tonsille and the Stranguylion is that which they call in Laten Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly cal it in English the Squinācy or Quinzie Toncille is interpreted by them to be inflamations of the kirnelles called in Laten Glandes in Italion glandule whiche lye on eche syde of the throte vnderneath the rote of the tongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of whiche worde glandes or glandule I think we borrow this name Glaunders for when the horse is troubled with this disease he hath greate kyrnelles vnderneath his Iawes easy to be seene or fealte payning him so as he can not easily swallow downe his meate whiche commeth firste of colde distillation out of the heade But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps go away of them selues or else by laying a little hote horse dong straw vnto them the warmth wherof will dissolue them and make them to vanishe away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but increase and waxe greater and greater and be more paynefull euerye day than other and cause the horse to caste continually filthy and stinking matter out at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First rype the kyrnelles with this playster Take of Branne two handefull or as much as will thicken a quart of wyne or Ale then putte therevnto halfe a pounde of Hogges greace and boyle them together and lay it hote to the sore with a clothe renuing it euery day vntill it be ready to breake then launce it and let out al the matter and taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dipte in this salue Take of Turpentyne of Hogs greace of eche like quantity and a little waxe and melt them together and renue the taynt euery day vntill it be whole Laurentius Russius sayth that this disease is very cōmon to Coltes bycause in them doth abounde fluxible moysture apt to to be dissolued with euery little heate and so turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer yong he woulde haue you first to let him bloude in the necke vayne and then to lay vnto the sore a ryping playster made of Mallowes Linseede Rewe Wormewood ground Iue oyle of Bayes and Dyalthea and to annoynt his throte also and al the sore place with fresh butter And the sore being rype to launce it or else to rowle it that the matter may come forth But if the kirnelles will not decrease with this then pull them away by the rootes to dry vp the vlcerous place with an oyntmente made of vnslect Lyme Pepper Brymstone Nitrum and oyle Oliue It shall be good also to purge his heade by perfuming him euery day once in suche sorte as haue bene before declared And let the horse be kept warme about the heade and stande in a warme stable and let him drinke no colde water But if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnelles the horse doth not for all that leaue casting fylthy matter at
the nose then it is to be feared that he hath some spice of the mourning of the Chyne for both diseases doe procede of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it here presentlye Of the mourning of the Chyne The .lxvi. Chapter THys word mourning of the Chyne is a corrupt name borrowed of the Frenche tongue wherein it is called Mort deschyen that is to say the death of the backe Bycause many doe holde opinion that thys disease doth consume the marye of of the backe for remedy wherof they vse straunge kinds of cures For some taking it to be a Rheume go aboute to stoppe it by laying Astrictyue or byndyng charges vnto the nape of the necke Some agayne do twyne out the pyth of the backe with a long wyar thrust vp into the horses heade and so into his necke backe with what reason I knowe not Well I knowe that few horses do recouer that haue this disease Some agayne thinke that the Lungs of the horse be rotten and that the horse doth caste them out at his nose But Martin sayth that he hath cut vp dyuers horses which hath bene iudged to haue died of the mourning of the Chyne but he coulde neuer finde eyther backe or Lungs to be peryshed but onely the Lyuer and most commonly that syde of the Lyuer whiche aunswereth the nosetrill whereat he casteth whereof we wyll talke in his proper place when we come to speake of the diseases in the Lyuer The Italians doe call this disease Ciamorro the olde Authours do cal it the moyst Maladye whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter whiche he doth cast at the nose is whyte and doth not smell at all and in the other that whiche he casteth is a filthy and stinking corruption They procede both of colde humors congealed in the heade but more abounding in the one than in the other by reason perhappes that the horse was not cured in tyme for of colde first commeth the Pose and the Cough then the Glaunders and laste of all the mourning of the Chyne When the horse casteth matter at the nose that is not stinking he maye be easely cured by such remedyes as haue bene before declared in the Chapter of the Pose But if the matter be very filthye and stinking then it is verye harde to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieue me to wryte vnto you here the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of water and hony called of the Phisitians Hedromel a quart and put therevnto thre ounces of oyle and poure that into his nosetril euery morning the space of thre dayes and if that doe not profite him then let him drinke euerye day or once in two dayes a quarte of olde wyne mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meat called of the old wryters Tetrapharmacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius sayth that of all diseases there is none more perillous nor more to be suspected than the Rhewine whiche commeth of colde for horses haue large Cunduits and are full of moysture and therfore if colde once enter it findeth matter inough to worke on to breede continuall distillation as well outwardlye at the nose as inwardly discending downe to the vital parts ▪ in such sorte as it doth suffocat the same The sygnes according to the sayde Russius be these The horse doth cast matter continually at the nose some tyme thin and sometime thicke his nosetrils eares and all his outwarde partes will be colde to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heauy and he will coughe and haue smal appitite to his meat and lesse to his drinke and sometyme he will tremble and shake His cure is in this sorte Purge his heade partly by perfuming him and partly by making him to neese in such sort as hath bene before taughte in the Chapter of the Pose whiche waies of perfuming purging the head as they be good so doth Russius praise these two here folowing to be most excellent The first is this Take of the stalkes of vitis Alba otherwyse called Brioni or wilde Uine two or three good handfull and broose them betwixt two stones and being so brosed put them into a Linnen bagge and fasten the bagge to the horses heade so as he may receyue the scent vp into his nosetrilles without touching the hearbe with his mouth and this will cause the humors to come downe abundantlye The seconde medicine Take of Euforbiū beaten into fyne powder thre ounces of the iuyce of Betes one pounde of Swines bloud halfe a pounde Boyle all these together vntill they be thorowly myngled lyquid lyke an oyntment and then take it from the fire and put thervnto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them again thorowly together and preserue the same in a boxe to vse at nedefull tymes in this sort Make two styffe long rowles or tampins of linnen cloutes or such lyke stuffe sharpe poynted lyke Suger loues which tampins are called of the Phisitians in Laten Pessi and being annoynted with the oyntment aforesayde thruste them vppe into the horses nosetrilles and let them abyde therein a prety while then pull them out you shall see such abundaunce of matter come forth at his nose as is maruellous to behold Russius also prayseth very much this medicine here folowing Take as much of the middle barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as wil fil a newe earthen pot of a meane syse putting therevnto as much cleare water as the potte wyll holde and let it boyle vntill the one halfe be consumed then to be fylled vp againe with fresh water continuing so to do thre tymes one after an other and at the last time that the one halfe is consumed take it from the fyre and strayne it thorow a lynnen cloth Then take two partes of that decoction and one part of Hogges greace or butter and being warmed agayne together gyue the horse to drinke thereof one horne full and poure an other hornefull into his nosetrill that casteth and when so euer you giue him this medicine lette the horse be empty and fasting and kepe him without meate also two or three houres after For this is a very good drinke for any sicknesse that commeth of colde Moreouer open the skinne of his foreheade and of his temples also of his tayle with a sharpe hote yron that the corrupt humors may issue outward That done Take hote Bricks or else a pan freshe burning coales and holde it nighe vnto hys bellye and flankes to the intent they may be thorowly warmed being so warmed annoynt them all ouer with oyle de Bay or Dialthea to defende his body from the colde and let his head be well couered and all his bellye kepte warme Yea and it were good to bathe his heade sometime as Russius sayth with a bathe made of Rhewe Wormewood
Sage Ieneper Bay leaues and Hysop And lette his drynke be warme water myngled with wheat meale yea and to make it the more comfortable it were good as Russius sayth to put therevnto some Cynamon Gynger Galingale and such hote spyces And his meat in Winter season would be none other but sodden corne or warme mashes made of ground Mault and wheate Branne in Sommer season if he wente to grasse I thinke it woulde doe him most good so that he go in a dry warm groūd for by feding alwayes downeward he shal purge his heade the better as Russius sayth Thus muche of the Glaunders mourning of the Chyne Nowe we will speake somewhat of the Stranguylion according to the opinion of the old Authours though not to the satisfaction perhappes of our Englishe Ferrers Of the Stranguylion or Squynancye The .lxvii. Chapter THe Stranguylion called of the Latens Angina according to the Phisitians is an inflamation of the inwarde parts of the throte and as I sayde before is called of the Greekes Sinanchi whiche is as muche to say in Englishe as a strangling wherof this name Stranguylion as I thinke is deryued for this disease doth strangle eyther man or beast therefore is numbred amongst the perillous and sharpe diseases called of the Latens Morbi acuti of which strangling the Phisitians in mannes body make foure differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appeareth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the pacient is in great perill of strangling The second is when the inward partes of the throte onlye be inflamed The thirde is when the inwarde and outward parts of the throte be both inflamed The fourth is when the Muskles of the necke are inflamed or the inwarde ioyntes therof so losened as they strayten therby both the throte or wesand or windpipe for shorte breath is incident to all the foure kindes before recyted and they procede all of one cause that is to say of some Colorick or bloudy fluxion which commes out of the braunches of the throte vaynes into those partes and there bredeth some hote inflamation But nowe to proue that a horse is subiecte to this disease you shall heare what Absirtus Hierocles and Vegetius and others doe say Absirtus wryting to his frende a certayne Ferrer or Horsleache called Aistoricus speaketh in this maner When a horse hath the strāguylion it quickly killeth him the sygnes wherof be these His temples will be hollowe his tongue will swell hang out of his mouth his heade and eyes also will be swollē and the passage of his throte stopt so as he can neyther eate nor drinke All these sygnes be also confirmed by Hierocles Moreouer Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedes of aboundaunce of subtill bloude whiche after long trauell wil inflame the inwarde or outwarde muskels of the throte or wesand or suche affluence of bloude may come by vse of hote meates after great trauel being so alteratiue as they cause those partes to swell in such sorte as the horse can neyther eate nor drinke nor drawe his breath The cure according to Vegetius is in this sort First bath his mouth and tongue well with hote water and then annoynte it with the gall of a Bull that done giue him this drinke Take of olde oyle two pounde of olde wyne a quarte nine Figges and nine Leekes heades well stampte and brayed together And after you haue boyled these a whyle before you strayne them put therevnto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and giue him a quarte of this euery morning and euening Absirtus and Hierocles woulde haue you to let him bloude in the palat of his mouth and to poure wyne oyle into his nosetrilles and also to giue him to drink this decoction of Fygges and Nitrum sodden together or else to annoynt his throte within with Nitre oyle and hony or else with hony and Hogs dong myngled together which differeth not much from Galen his medicine to be giuen vnto man For he sayth that hony mingled with the powder of Dogges dong that is whyte and swalowed downe doth remedy the Squinancye presentlye Absirtus also prayseth the oyntmente made of Bdellinum and when the inflamation beginneth somewhat to decrease he sayth it is good to purge the horse by giuing hym wylde Concumbre and Nitre to drinke Let hys meate be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drinke also be luke warme water with some Barly meale in it Of the Cough The .lxviii. Chapter OF Coughes some be outward and some be inwarde Those be outwarde whiche doe come of outwarde causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharpe bearded straw and such lyke things which tycling his throte causeth him to Coughe You shall perceyue it by wagging and wrying his heade in his choughing by stamping sometyme with his foote labouring to get out the thing that grieueth him and can not The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rowled throughout with a fyne Linnen clout and then annoynte it all ouer with hony and thrust it downe his throte drawing your hande to and fro to the intente it may eyther dryue downe the thing that grieueth him or else bring it vp and doe thys twice or thrice annoynting at euery tyme the sticke with fresh hony Of the inwarde and wet Coughe The .lxix. Chapter OF inwarde Coughes some be wet and some be dry The wet cough is that which commeth of colde taken after some greate heate giuen to the horse dissoluing humors which being afterwarde congealed doe cause obstruction and stopping in the lungs And I cal it the wet coughe bycause the horse in his coughing will voyde moystye matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The sygnes be these The horse will be heauy and his eyes will run a water and he will forsake his meate and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great paine at the first as though he had a dry cough vntill the Flegme be broken and then he will cough more hollow which is a sygne of amendment And therfore according to Martins experience to the intent the Flegme may breake the soner it shall be necessarye to kepe hym warme by clothing him with a double cloth and by litteryng him vp to the bellye with freshe strawe then to giue him this drinke Take of Barlye one Pecke and boyle it in two or thre Gallons of faire water vntill the Barlye begin to bruste and boyle therewith of broused Lycoras of Annis seedes of Raysins of eche one pounde then strayne it and to that lyquor put of hony a pynte and a quarterne of Sugercandy and keepe it close in a potte to serue the horse therewith foure seuerall morninges and cast not away the sodden Barly with the rest of the strayninges but make it hote euery day to perfume the horse withall
without dust but in Sommer season it were best to let him run to grasse For so long as he eateth grasse a man shall scantly perceyue this disease thus much of broken lungs Of putryfied or rotten lungs The .lxxii. Chapter THe sygnes to knowe whether a horses lungs be putrifyed or rottē according to Theomnestus are these The horse wil both eate drink more gredily than he was wont to do and he shall be oftner vexed with a dry cough and in coughing he wil cast little lumps of matter out at his mouth The cure wherof according to Theomnestus is thus Giue him to drinke euery morning the space of seuen dayes the iuyce of Purslen mingled with oyle of Roses and adde thervnto a little Tragagantū that hath bene layde before in steepe in Goates mylke or else in barlye or oten milke strayned out of the corne When the Apostume is broken then a verye strong and euill sauour will come out at his nosetrilles For remedy whereof it shall be good to giue him the space of seuen dayes this drinke here folowing Take of the roote called Costus two ounces and of Casia or else of Cynamon thre ounces beaten into fyne powder and a fewe Raysins and giue it him to drinke with wyne But Vegetius woulde haue him to be cured in this sort and with lesse cost I assure you Take of Franconcense and of Aristoloch of eche two ounces beaten into fyne powder and giue him that with wine or else take of vnburnt Brimstone two ounces and of Aristoloch one ounce and a half beaten into powder and giue him that with wyne And he would haue you also to draw his breast with a hote yron to the intent that the humors may issue forth outwardly Of shortnesse of breath The .lxxiii. Chapter A Horse may haue shortenesse of breath by hastye running after drinking or vpon a full stomacke or by the discending of humors vnto his throte or lungs after some extreme heate dissoluing the sayd humors which so long as there is nothing broken maye in the beginning be easilye holpen The sygnes be these The horse will continually pant and fetch his breath shorte which wil come very hote out at his nose in his breathing he will squese in the nose and his flankes will beat thicke yea and some can not fetch their breath vnlesse they holde their neckes right out and straigth whiche disease is called of the olde wryters by the Greeke name Orthopnoea The cure Let him bloude in the necke and giue him this drinke Take of wyne and of oyle of eche a pynte of Franconcense halfe an ounce and of the iuyce of Horehound halfe a pynte It is good also to poure into his throte honye butter and Hogges greace molten together made luke warme Tiberius sayth it is good to giue him whole Egges shelles and al steeped and made soft in Uineger that is to say the first day thre the seconde day fyue and the thirde day seuen and to poure oyle and wine into his nosetrilles I for my part would take nothing but Annis seedes Lycoras and Sugercandy beaten al into fyne powder giue him that to drinke with wine and oyle mingled together Of the Pursicke The .lxxiiii. Chapter THis is a shortenesse of breath and the horse that is so diseased is called of the Italians Cauallo pulsino or Bolso whiche I thinke is deriued of the Laten worde Vulsus by chaunging V. into B. and I thinke differeth not muche from him that hath brokē lungs called of Vegetius and other olde wryters Vulsus for suche shortenesse of breath commes eyther of the same causes or else muche lyke as of abundaunce of grosse humors cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs and stopping the winde pipes And the winde beyng kepte in doth resort downeward as Russius sayth into the horses guttes and so causeth his flankes to beate cōtinually without order that is to say more swiftlye and hyer vp to the backe than the flankes of any horse that is sounde of wynde And if this dysease be olde it is seldom or neuer cured and though I finde many medicins prescribed by dyuers Authours fewe or none doe contente me vnlesse it be that of Vegetius recyted before in the chapter of broken lungs And if that preuaileth not thē I thinke it were not amisse according to Russius to pourge him with this drinke here following Take of mayden haire of Ireos of Ashe of Lycoras of Fēgreke of Raysins of ech halfe an ounce of Cardamum of Pepper of bytter Almonds of Baurach of ech two ounces of Nettle seede and of Aristoloche of eche two ounces boyle them all together in a sufficiente quantitie of water and in that decoction dissolue halfe an ounce of Agaricke and two ounces of Coloquintida together with two pounde of hony and giue him of this a pinte or a quart at dyuers times and if it bee to thicke make it thinner by putting thervnto water wherin Lycoras hath bene soddē and if nede be you may also draw both his flanks crossewyse with a hote Iron to restrayne the beating of them and also slytte his nosetrilles to giue him more ayre And if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse if in Winter lette him be kept warme and giue hym now and then a little sodden wheate Russius woulde haue it to be giuen him three dayes together and also newe sweete wyne to drinke or else other good wine mingled with Licoras water Of a Consumption The .lxxv. Chapter A Consumption is none other thyng but an exulceration of the lungs proceding of some fretting or gnawing humor discending out of the head into the lungs And I take it to be that disease whiche the olde wryters are wonte to call the dry malady Whiche perhappes some woulde rather interprete to be the mourning of the Chyne with whom I intend not to stryue But thus much I muste nedes say that euerye horse hauing the mourning of the Chyne doth continually cast at the nose but in the dry maladye it is cleane contrary For all the Authours that wryte therof affyrme that the horse auoydeth nothing at the nose And the sygnes to knowe the dry maladye according to their doctryne be these Hys fleshe doth cleene consume away his bellye is gaunt and the skin therof so hard stretched or rather shronk vp as if you strike on it with your hand it will sounde lyke a Tabor and he wyll be hollowe backt and forsake his meate and though he eateth it as Absirtus sayth yet he doth not disgest it nor prospereth not withall he woulde coughe and can not but hickingly as though he had eaten smal bones And this disease is iudged of al the Authours to be incureable Notwithstanding they say all that it is good to purge his heade with such perfumes as haue bene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glaunders also to gyue him alwayes Coleworts small chopt wyth his prouender Some woulde haue hym to drinke the warme
bloude of sucking Pigges newe slayne and some the iuyce of Leekes together with oyle and wyne myngled together Others prayse wyne and Franconcense some oyle and Rhew some woulde haue hys bodye to be purged and sente to grasse Of the Consumption of the flesh and howe to make a leane horse fatte The .lxxvi. Chapter MArtin sayth that if a horse take a great colde after a heat it will cause his fleshe to waste his skin to waxe hard dry to cleaue fast to his sides and he shall haue no appetite vnto his meate and the fillettes of his backe will fall away and all the fleshe of his buttockes and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heades vnfleaed boyle them in thre gallons of Ale or fayre running water vntyll the fleshe be consumed from the bones that done strayne it through a fine cloth and then put therevnto of Suger one pounde of Cynamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barbaries and of Cheries of ech two ounces and mingle them together giue the horse euery day in the morning a quarte thereof luke warme vntill all be spent and after euery tyme he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abrode if the weather be warme and not wyndye and let him neyther eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no colde water but luke warme the space of fiftene dayes and let him be fedde by little and little with such meate as the horse hath moste appetyte vnto But if a horse be neshe tender and so waxe leane without anye apparant griefe or disease then the olde wryters woulde haue him to be fed now and then with partched wheate also to drinke wyne with his water and to eate continuallye wheate branne mingled with his prouender vntill he wax strong and he must be often dressed and trymmed and laye soft without the which thinges his meate will doe him but little good And his meate must be fyne and cleane and giuen him often and by little at once Russius sayth that if a horse eating his meat with a good appetite doth not for all that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauyn Bay buryes Earth nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wyne or to giue him the intrayles of a Barble or Tench with whyte wyne He sayth also that sodden Beanes mingled wyth bran and salte will make a leane horse fatte in very shorte space Of griefe in the breast The .lxxvii. Chapter LAurentius Russius wryteth of a disease called in Italian Granezza di petto whiche hath not bene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learne It commes as Russius sayth of the superfluity of bloud or other humors dissolued by some extreme heate and resorting downe to the breast payning the horse so as he can not well goe The cure wherof according to Russius is thus Let him bloud on both sydes of the breast in the accustemed vaynes and rowel them vnder the breast and twice a day turne the rowelles with your hande to moue the humors that they may issue forth and let hym go so rowelled the space of .xv. dayes Of the payne at the harte called Anticor that is to say contrary to the heart The .lxxviii. Chapter THis procedes of abundaunce of ranke bloud bredde with good feeding and ouer much rest Which bloud resorting to the inwarde partes doth suffocate the hart and many tymes causeth swellings to appeare before the breast whiche wil grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the horse The sygnes The horse will hang downe his heade in the maunger for saking his meate and is not able to lifte vp his heade The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude on both sydes abundantlye in the plat vaynes and then giue him this drinke Take a quarte of Malmesy and put therevnto halfe a quarterne of Suger two ounces of Cynamō and giue it him luke warme Then kepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well aboute the stomacke that the winde offende him no maner of way and gyue him warme water wyth mault alwayes to drinke and giue him such meate as he wil eate And if the swelling do appeare then besydes letting hym bloude strike the swelling in dyuers places wyth your fleame that the corruption may go foorth and annoynt the place wyth warme Hogges greace and that will eyther make it to weare away or else to grow to a heade if it be couered and kept warme Of tyered horses The .lxxix. Chapter BYcause we are in hande here with the vitall partes and that when horses be tyered with ouer muche labour their vitall sprightes wax feble I thinke it best to speak of them euen here not with suche long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but brieflye to shewe you howe to refresh the poore horse hauing nede thereof which is done chieflye by geuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plentye of prouender And to quicken his sprightes it shall be good to poure a little oyle and Uineger into his nosetrilles and to giue him the drinke of shepes heades recyted before in the Chapter of the consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his legs with this bath Take of Mallowes of Sage of eche two or thre handfull and a rose Cake Boyle these thinges together and beyng boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet oyle Or else make him this charge Take of bole Armonye and of wheate flower of eche halfe a pounde and a little Rosen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his legges therwith and if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse Of the diseased partes vnder the mydriffe and first of the stomacke The .lxxx. Chapter THe olde Authours make mention of many diseases incidente to a horses stomacke as lothing of meate spuyng vp his drinke surfetting of prouēder the hungry euyll and such lyke which fewe of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I will briefly speake of as many as I think necessary to be knowen and first of the lothing of meate Of the lothing of meate The .lxxxi. Chapter A Horse maye lothe hys meate through the intemperature of his stomacke as for that it is to hote or to colde If his stomacke be to hote then most commonlye it will eyther inflame his mouth and make it to break out in blisters yea and perhappes cause some canker to breede there The cure of all whiche thinges haue bene taught before But if he forsake his meate onely for verye heate whiche you shall perceyue by the hotenesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomacke by giuing him colde water mingled with a little vineger and oyle to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wyne of eche one pynte and put therevnto three ounces of Mel Rosatum
and wash all his mouth with Uineger and salte If his stomacke be to colde chen his haire will stare and stande right vp which Absirtus others were wonte to cure by giuing the horse good wyne and oyle to drynke and some woulde seeth in the wyne Rhew or Sage some would adde thervnto white Pepper and Myrre some woulde giue him Onyons and Roket seede to drinke with wyne some the bloude of a yong Sowe with wyne Absirtus would haue the horse to eate the greene blades of wheate if the tyme of the yeare will serue for it Columella sayth that if a horse or any other beast doe loth his meat it is good to giue hym wyne and the seede of Gith or else wyne and stampt Garlicke Of casting out his drinke The .lxxxii. Chapter VEgetius sayth that the Horse may haue such a Pawlsy proceeding of colde in his stomacke as he is not able to kepe his drinke but many tymes do cast it out again at his mouth The remedye whereof is to lette him bloud in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinks that is to say made of hote and comfortable spyces and also to annoynte all his breast and vnder hys shoulders with hote oyles to purge his heade by blowyng vp into his nosetrils powders that prouoke nesing such as haue bene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of Prouender The .lxxxiii. Chapter THe Glut of Prouender or other meate not digested doth cause a Horse to haue great payne in his body so as he is not able to stande on his fete but lyeth downe waltereth as thoughe he had the Bottes The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sorte Let him bloude in the necke then trotte him vp and downe for the space of an houre and if he can not stale drawe out his yarde and washe it with a little white Wine luke warme and thrust into his yard eyther a broosed Cloue of Garlicke or else a little oyle of Camamill with a wax Candle If he can not doung then rake his fundament giue him this glistre Take of Mallowes two or three handful and boyle them in a pottell of fayre running water and when the Mallowes be soden then straine it and put therevnto a quarte of freshe Butter and halfe a pinte of oyle Oliue and hauing receyued this glister leade him vp and downe vntill he hath emptyed his bellye Then set him vp and kepe him hūgry the space of three or foure dayes and the Hay that he eateth let it be sprinckeled with water and let him drinke warme water wherein would be put a lyttle bran and whē he hath dronke giue him the bran to eat and giue him little or no prouender at all for the space of eight or tenne dayes Of an other kinde of surfetting with meate or drinke called of vs foundering in the body The .lxxxiiij. Chapter THis disease is called of the olde writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it cōmeth as they say by eating of much Prouender sodenlye after labour whylest the Horse is hote and panting whereby his meate not being digested bredeth euill humors which by little and little do spreade throughe his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength make him in such case as he can neyther go nor bow his ioynts nor being layde is able to rise againe neyther can he stale but with great pain It may come also as they say of drinking to much in trauelling by the way when the horse is hote but then it is not so daungerous as when it commeth of eating to much But how so euer it commeth they say all that the humors will immediatelye resort downe into the horses legs feete will make him to cast his houes and therfore I must nedes iudgeit to be no other thing but a plaine foūdering which word foūdering is borowed as I take it of the Frēch word Fundu that is to say moltē For foūdering is a melting or dissolutiō of humors which the Italians cal infusione Martin maketh diuers kinds of foundering as foundering in the body which the Frenche men call most commonlye morfundu and foundering in the legges and feete also foundering before and foundering behinde which some Autours do deny as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behinde than before and that they can not easelye be dissolued or molten being so farre distante from the hearte and the other vital partes Whervnto a man might aunswere that the naturall heate of the heart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members whiche is dayly proued by good experience For we see horses to be foundered not only before or behinde but also of all foure legges at once which most commonly chaunceth either by taking colde sodenlye after a great heate as by standyng still vpon some colde pauemente or abrode in the colde winde or else for that perhaps the horse traueling by the way and being in a sweate was suffered to stande in some showld water whilest he did drinke which was worse than his drinking for in the meane time the colde entring at his fete ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heate before had dissolued and therby when he cōmeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of all his legges But leauing to speake of foundering in the legges as well before as behind vntil we come to the griefes in the legges and feete we intende to talke here onely of foundering in the body according to Martins experience The signes to knowe if a horse be foundered in his body bee these Hys haire will stare he will be chill and shrugge for colde and forsake his meate hanging downe the heade and quiuer after colde water and after two or three dayes he will begin to coughe The cure according to Martin is thus First scoure his bellye with the glistre last mentioned and then gyue him a comfortable drinke made in this sorte Take of Malmesey a quarte of Suger halfe a quartern of hony half a quartern of Cynamom halfe an ounce of Lyckoras and Annis seedes of ech two sponeful beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmesey warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warme That done walke him vp and downe in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bitte two or three houres without meate but let him be warme couered wel littered and giue him hay sprinckeled with a little water and cleane sifted prouender by little at once and let his water be warmed with a little grounde Mault therin And if you se him somewhat chered then let him bloude in the necke and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankencense and vse to walk him abrode when the weather is fayre and not
you to learne at the Phisitians handes whiche I am sure first as touching the weakenesse of the Lyuer proceding of the vntemperatenesse therof wyll bid you to heale euery suche vntemperatenesse by his contrary that is to say heate by colde and drynesse by moysture and so contrary And therefore it shall be very necessarye for you to learne the qualities natures and vertues of hearbes drugs and all other simples and howe to applye them in time And for to heale the obstruction of the Lyuer they will councel you perhaps to make to the horse drinkes of such simples as these be Agrimony Fumitory Camamill Wormewoode Lycoras Annis seedes Smallage Perslye Spicknard Gentian Succory Endiue Sperage Lupius the vertues wherof you shal learne in the Herbals but amōgst all simples there is none more praysed than the Lyuer of a Wolfe beaten into pouder mingled in any medicine that is made for any disease in the Lyuer The cure of an inflamation consisteth in letting bloude and in bathing or fomenting the sore place with such hearbes oyles as may mollifie disperse humors abrode wherewith some simples that be astringent would be alwayes mingled yea and in all other medicins that be applyed to the Lyuer for any maner of disease Simples that mollify and disperse be these Linesede Fengreke Camamill Annis seedes Melilot such like things Simples astringent be these Redde Rose leaues Brimble leaues Wormewode Plantayne Myrrh Masticke Styrax and suche like Appostumes are to be ryped and voyded Ulcers must be clensed scowred downewarde eyther by the belly or by vrine and therefore the vse of suche simples as prouoke vrine in such cases is necessary The old wryters of Horseleach crafte do saye that when a horse is grieued in his lyuer he will forsake his meate his body will wast his mouth will be dry his tong rough and harshe yea and it wyll swell and he wil refuse to lye on that side where his griefe is The cure whereof according to Absirtus is in this sorte Let him drinke stampt Ireos with wine allayed with water He prayseth also an hearbe much like vnto Calamynt called of Plinie Polimonia or let him drinke Sauery with wine and oyle I thinke that Agrimony or Lyuer wort is as good as the best of them Absirtus woulde haue his body to be chaufed with wine and oyle mixte together and to be well littered that he may lye softe and his prouender that should be giuen him to be styped first in warm water and nowe and then some Nytrum to be put in his drinke Of the consumption of the Lyuer The .lxxxvij. Chapter I Beleue that no inward member of a Horse doth suffer so muche as the Lungs and Lyuer and that not so much by continuall as by vnordinate and vntimely trauell labor and exercise whereby eyther the Horses Lungs or his Lyuer doe moste commonly perishe and is consumed yea and sometyme both Of the consumption of the Lungs we haue talked sufficientlye before Therefore let vs shewe you here the causes wherof the consumption of the Lyuer procedeth The Phisitians say that it maye come of anye humor but chiefly and most commonlye of Choloricke matter shead thorowout the substance of the Liuer which putrifying by little and little and laysurely doth at length corrupt and perishe all the substance of the Lyuer which thing in mannes body doth first proceede as the Phisitians say eyther by eating corrupt meates or else by continual drinking of swete wynes But me thinkes that the consumption of a horses Lyuer shoulde come by some extreme heate inflaming the bloud which afterwarde being putrifyed doth corrupte and exulcerate the substance of the Lyuer For after inflamation as I sayde before commeth appostumation and then exulceration which is very hard to cure bycause the substāce of the Lyuer is spongious lyke vnto the Lungs whylest the Lyuer is so corrupted there can be no good digestion for lacke whereof the body receyueth no good nutriment and therefore must nedes also languish and consume The sygnes according to Martin be these The horse wil forsake his meate and will stande stretching him selfe in length and neuer couet to lye downe and his breath wyll be so strong as no man can abide it and he will continually cast yealowishe matter at the one nosetrill or else at both according as one or both sides of the Lyuer is corrputed and on that syde that he casteth he will haue vnder hys iawe euen about the midst thereof a knob or kirnell as muche as a Walnut which when Martin findeth he committeth his carcasse to the Crowes taking him to be past cure But if he were let bloude in time and had such drinkes giuen him as are good to comfort and strengthen the Lyuer he thinketh that the horse might be recouered I neuer red any medicine for the wasting of the Lyuer as I remember but this onelye dyet which I founde in an olde English booke Let him drinke for the space of three dayes no other thing but warme wort and let him eate no other meate but Otes baked in an Ouen and let him stande meatelesse the firste night before you giue him the wort But I thinke it were not amisse to put into the worte that he drinketh euery morning some good confection or pouder made of Agrimony red Rose leaues Saccharū Rosaceum Diarchadon Abbatis Diasantalon Lycoras and of the Lyuer of a Woulfe and such other simples as doe comfort strengthen the Lyuer or else to giue him the same things with Goates milke luke warme Of the diseases in the Gall. The .lxxxviij. Chapter IN my opinion the Gall of a Horse is subiect to dyuers diseases as well as the Gall of a man as to obstruction whereof commeth fulnesse and emptynesse of the Bladder therof and also the stone in the Gal. But obstruction may chaunce two maner of wayes First when the way wherby the Cholor should proceede from the Lyuer vnto the Bladder of the Gall as vnto his proper receptacle is stopped thereby the Bladder remayneth empty whereof may spring dyuers euill accidents as vomiting the laxe or bloudy Flyx Secondlye when the way wherby such Cholor should issu forth of the Bladder of the Gall downe into the Guttes is shutte vp whereby the Bladder is ouer full and aboundeth with to muche Cholor whiche causeth heauinesse suffocatiō belking heate thirst and disposition to angrynesse The signes of both kindes of obstruction in the Gall is costluenesse and yealowishnesse of the skinne infected with the yeallow Iaundis The stone in the gal which is somewhat blackishe proceedeth of the obstruction of the cunduyts of the Bladder whereby the Cholor being long kept in waxeth dry and turneth at length to harde grauell or stones whereof bycause there is neyther sygnes nor any grieuous accident knowē to the Phisitians I leaue to talk any further therof and the rather for that none of my Authours do make any mention of the Gall at all
the horse a drinke made of Tyme Comin of ech lyke quantity stampt together mingled with wyne hony and water and also by letting him bloude in the pastornes This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from that which our Ferrers call the yeallows The signes wherof according to Martin be these The horse will be faint and sweat as he standeth in the stable and forsake his meate and his eyes and the inside of his lippes and all his mouth within wil be yeallow The cure whereof according to him is in this sorte Let him bloud in the necke vayne a good quantity and thē giue him this drinke Take of white wyne or of Ale a quart put thervnto of Saffron of Turmerike of eche halfe an ounce and the iuyce that is wrōg out of a great handefull of Selondine and being luke warme giue it the horse to drinke and kepe him warme the space of thre or foure dayes giuing him warme water with a little branne in it Of the euill habit of the body and of the Dropsie The .xci. Chapter AS touching the drynesse and consumption of the fleshe without any apparant cause why called of the Phisitians as I sayd before Atrophia I know not what to say more than I haue done already before in the Chapter of Consumption of the flesh and therefore resorte thyther and as for the euill habitte of the body which is to be euill coloured heauy dull and of no force strength nor lyuelinesse commeth not for lacke of nutryment but for lacke of good nutriment for that the bloud is corrupted with Flegme Cholor or Melancholy proceding eyther from the splene or else through weakenesse of the stomacke or Lyuer causing euill digestion or it may come by fowle feding yea and also for lacke of moderate exercyse The euill habit of the body is nexte cosyn to the Dropsye wherof though our Ferrers haue had no experience yet bycause mine olde Authors wryting of horse leache craft do speake much therof I thinke it good here briefly to shewe you their experience therein that is to say howe to knowe it and also howe to cure it But sith none of them do shew the cause wherof it procedes I thinke it mete firste therefore to declare vnto you the causes thereof according to the doctrine of the learned Phisitians which in mans body do make thre kinds of Dropsyes calling the first Anasarca the second Ascites and the thirde Timpanias Anasarca is an vniuersall swelling of the body throughe the aboundaunce of water lying betwixt the skin and the fleshe and differeth not from the disease last mentioned called Cachexia that is to say euyll habit of the body sauing that the bodye is more swollen in this than in the Cachexia albeit they procede both of like causes as of coldenesse weakenesse of the Lyuer or by meanes that the heart splen stomacke and other mēbers seruing to digestiō be grieued or diseased Ascites is a swelling in the couering of the belly called of the Phisitians Abdomen cōprehending both the skin the fat eyght Muscles and the fylme or panicle called Peretoneum throughe the aboundaunce of some wayish humor entred into the same which be sydes the causes before alleaged proceedeth moste chieflye by meanes that some of the vessels within be brokē or rather cracked out of the which though the bloud being somwhat grosse can not issue forth yet the wayish humor being subtill may run out into the belly lyke water distilling through a cracked potte Timpanias called of vs moste commonly the Timpany is a swelling of the foresayde couering of the belly through the aboundance of winde entred into the same whiche winde is ingendred of crudity and euill digestion and whylest it aboundeth in the stomacke or other intrayles finding no issue out it breaketh in violently through the small conduits amongst the pannicles of the sayd couering not without great paine to the pacient so by tossing to and fro windeth at length into the space of the couering it selfe But surely such winde can not be altogether voyd of moysture Notwithstanding the body swelleth not so muche with this kinde of Dropsye as in the other kinde called Ascites The sygnes of the Dropsye is shortnesse of breath swelling of the body euill Colour lothing of meate and great desire to drinke and specially in the Dropsye called Ascites in which also the belly will sound like a Bottle halfe full of water but in the Timpany it will sounde lyke a Tabor But nowe though mine Authours make not so many kindes of Dropsyes yet they say all generally that a horse is much subiect to the Dropsye The sygnes according to Absirtus and Hierocles be these His belly legges and stones will be swollen but his backe buttockes and flankes will be dryed and shronke vp to the verye bones Moreouer the vaynes of his face and temples and also the vaynes vnder his tongue will be so hidden as you can not see them and if you thrust your finger harde against his body you shall leaue the printe therof behinde for the fleshe lacking naturall heate will not returne againe to his place and when the horse lyeth downe he spreadeth him selfe abrode not being able to lye rounde togyther on his belly and the haire of his backe by rubbing will fall away Pelagonius in shewing the signes of the Dropsye not much differing from the sygnes of the Phisitians firste recited seemeth to make two kindes therof calling the one the Timpany whiche for difference sake may be called in Englishe the winde Dropsye and the other the water Dropsye Notwithstanding both haue one cure so farre as I can perceyue whiche is in this sorte Let him be warme couered and walked a good while together in the sunne to prouoke sweate and let all his body be well and often rubbed alongst the haire and let him fede often on Colewortes Smallage and Elming bowes and of all other things that may loosen the belly or prouoke vrine and let his common meate be grasse if it may be gotten if not then hay sprinckled with water and Nitrum It is good also to giue him a kinde of pulse called Cyche steeped a day and a night in water and then takē out and layde so as the water may drop away from it Pelagonius woulde haue him to drinke Parslye stampte with wine or the roote of the hearb called in Latin Panax with wine But if the swelling of the belly wil not decrease for all this then slitte a little hole vnder his belly a handfull behind the Nauill and put into that hole a hollow Reede or some other Pype that the water or wind may go out not all at once but by little and little and at dyuers times and beware that you make not the hole ouerwide least the Caule of the belly fall downe therevnto and when all the water is cleane runne out then heale vp the wounde as you doe all other woundes and let the Horse
drinke as little as is possible Of the diseases in the guttes of a Horse and first of the Cholycke The .xcij. Chapter THe Guts of a horse may be diseased with dyuers griefes as with the Cholicke with Costiuenesse with the Laxe with the bloudy Flixe and wormes The Cholick is a grieuous paine in the great Gutte called of the Physitians Colon whereof this disease taketh his name which gut bicause it is very large and ample and ful of corners it is apt to receyue dyuers matters and so becommeth subiect to dyuers griefes For sometime it is tormented with the abundance of grosse humors gotten betwixt the panycle of the sayde Gutte and sometime with winde hauing no issue oute sometime with inflamation and sometime with sharpe fretting humors But so farre as I can learne a horse is most commonly troubled with the Cholick that commeth of winde and therof oure ferrers doe terme it the winde Cholyck The sygnes wherof be these The horse wil forsake his meate lye downe and wallow and walter vpon the groūd and standing on his fete he will stampe for very payne with his forefete and strike at his belly with his hinder foote and looke often towardes his belly which also towards the flankes will swell and seeme greater to the eie than it is wont to be The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Take a quart of Malmesye of Cloues Pepper Cynamom of eche halfe an ounce of Suger halfe a quarter and giue it the horse luke warme and annoynt his flankes with oyle of Bay and then brydle him and trotte him immediately vppe and downe the space of an houre vntill he dong and if he will not dong then rake him and if nede be prouoke him to dong by putting into his fundament an Onyon pilled and iagged with a knife crossewise so as the iuyce therof maye tickle his fundament and for the space of three or foure dayes let him drinke no colde water and let him be kepte warme Russius was wonte to vse this kinde of cure Take a good bygge Reede a spanne long or more and being annointed with Oyle thrust it into the horses fundament fastning the outwarde ende thereof vnto his tayle so as it can not slippe out and then hauing first annointed and chaufed all the horses belly with some hote oyle cause him to be ridden somewhat hastely vppe and downe some hilly ground and that will make him to void the wind out of his belly through the Rede which done let hym be kepte warme and fed with good prouender warme mashes made of wheat meale and Fenell sede and let him drinke no colde water vntill he be whole Absirtus would haue you to giue him a glister made of wilde Coucumber or or else of hennes dong Nytrum and strong wyne Of Costiuenesse or belly bounde The .xciij. Chapter COstiuenesse is when a horse is bounde in the belly and cannot dong which may come by glut of prouender or ouer much feeding and rest wherof we haue talked sufficiently before also by winde grosse humors or colde causyng obstruction and stopping in the Guttes The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Take of the decoction of Mallowes a quarte and put therevnto halfe a pinte of oyle or in stede thereof halfe a pint of freshe Butter and one ounce of Benedicte laxatuae and poure that into his fundamente with a little horne mete for the purpose that done clap his taile to his fundament holding it so stil with your hand whylest an other doth leade him in his hande and trotte him vppe and downe that the medicine may worke the better and hauing voyded all that in his belly bring him into the Stable and there let him stande a while on the bitte well couered warme littered and then giue him a little hay and let his drinke be warmed it shal not be amisse also to giue him that night a warme mashe Of the Laxe The .xciiij. Chapter THe Italians cal this disease Ragiatura and the horse that hath this disease Cauallo arragiato or Sforato It may come through the abūdaunce of Choloricke humors discending from the Lyuer or Gall downe to the Guttes But Russius sayth that it commeth most commonly by drinking ouer muche colde water immediatelye after prouender or by sodayne traueling vpon a full stomacke before his meat be digested or by hasty running or gallopping immediatly after water If this disease continue long it wil make the horse very weake feble so as he shall not be able to stande on his legges Notwithstanding sith nature feling hir self oppressed endeuoureth thus to ease hir selfe by expelling those humors that grieue hir I would not wishe you sodaynely to stop it least some worse inconuenience grow thereof But if you see that the horse loseth his fleshe and waxeth more dull and feble than he was wonte to be then giue him this drinke often experimented by Martin and that shall stoppe hym Take of Bene flower and of bole Armeny or eche a quarterne mingle these things togither in a quart of red wine and giue it him luke warme and let the horse rest and be kept warme and let him drink no colde drinke but luke warme and put therein a little Beane flower and let him not drinke but once a daye and then not ouer much for the space of three or foure dayes Of the bloudy Flixe The .xcv. Chapter IT seemeth by the olde wryters that a horse is also subiecte to the bloudy Flixe For Absirtus Hierocles and Democritus say al with one voyce that the Guttes of a horse may be so exulcerated that he will voyde bloudy matter at his fundament yea and that his fundament therewith will fall out whiche disease they call Disenteria which is as much to say as a painefull exulceration of the Guttes vnder the which the olde men as it seemeth by the wordes of Hierocles and Absirtus woulde comprehende the disease called of the Phisitians Tenesmus that is to say a desire to dong often and can doe but little and that with great paine And also an other disease called Procidentia ani that is to say the falling out of the fundament which the Phisitians do accoumpt as seuerall diseases Notwithstanding for somuch as Disenteria and Tenasmus doth spring both of lyke causes yea and also for that the falling out of the fundament hath some affinity with them I wil folowe myne Authours in ioyning them all together in this one Chapter The Phisitians make diuers kinds of bloudy flix For sometime the fat of the slimy filthe whiche is voyded is sprinkled with a little bloude sometyme the matter tha voydeth is mixte with the scrapings of the guts and sometime it is waterishe bloude like water wherein bloudy fleshe hath bene washed and sometime bloud myxt with Melancholy and sometime pure bloud and by the mixture of the matter you shall knowe in mans body whether the vlceratiō be in the inner small guttes or in the
bloud in both the breast vaynes reseruing the bloude to make a charge withall in this maner Take of that bloud two quartes and of wheate flower halfe a Pecke and sixe egges shelles and al of bole Armeny halfe a pound of Sanguis Draconis half a quartern and a quarte of strong Uineger Mingle them all together and charge al his shoulders breast back loynes and forelegges therewith and walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refreshe it againe And hauing walked him three or foure houres together leade him into the stable and giue hym a little warme water with ground mault in it then a litte hay and prouender and then walke him againe eyther in the house or else abrode and continue thus to doe the space of foure dayes and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stande and lye warme and eate but little meate during the foure dayes But if you see that at the foure dayes end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sygne that the humors lye in the foote for the which you muste search with your butter paryng all the soles of the fore feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue throughe the sole That done with your butter let him bloud at both the toes and let him blede well Then stoppe the vayne with a little hogs grease and Turpentyne molten together and layde vpon a little Flaxe and then tack on the shooes and cram the place where you did let him bloude harde with toawe to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fill both his feete with Hogges grease and bran fryed together in a stopping pan so hote as is possible And vpon that stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to kepe in the stopping And immediatly after this Take two Egges beate them in a dishe and putte thervnto as much bole Armeny and Beane flower as will thicken the same and mingle them well together make thereof two playsters suche as may close eche foote round about somewhat aboue the cronette and binde it fast with a lyst or rowler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of two dayes but let the sole be clensed and newe stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two dayes continuing so to do vntil he be whole During which tyme let hym reast vnwalked for feare of losening his houes But if you see that he begin to amende you may walke him fayre and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercyse his legs and fete and let him not eate much nor drinke colde water But if this foundering break out aboue the houe which you shall perceiue by the losenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronette thē when you pare the soole you must take al the fore part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles hole to the intente the humors may haue the freer passage downewarde and then stoppe him and dresse him about the cronet as is before sayde Of the splent as well in the insyde or outside of the knée as other where in the legge The Cxvi Chapter THis soraunce to any mannes feeling is a very gristle sometime as bigge as a walnut and sometime no more than a Hasell nut which is called of the Italians Spinella and it cōmeth as Laurentius Russius sayth by traueyling the horse to yong or by oppressing hym with heauy burthen offending his tender synews and so causeth him to halt It is easye to know bycause it is apparant to the eye and if you pinche it with your thombe and finger the horse wil shrinke vp his legge The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Washe it well with warme water and shaue of the haire and lightlye scarifye all the sore place with the point of a Rasor so as the bloud may issue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a sponefull and of Euforbium as muche beaten into fine powder mingle them together with a spone full of oyle de Bay and then melte them in a little pan stirring them wel together so as they may not boyle ouer and beyng so boyling hote take two or three feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the horse sturre from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not of the oyntment Then cary hym fayre and softly into the stable and tye hym so as he may not reache with his heade beneath the manger for otherwyse he will couet to byte awaye the smarting pricking medicine which if it should touch his lippes would quickly fetch of the skinne And also let him stande without lytter all that day and night The nexte day annoynt the sore place with fresh butter cōtinuing so to do euery day once for the space of nine dayes for this shall allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith eyther clene take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much dyminishe it as the horse shall go right vp and halte no more through occasiō therof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fyering it longst wyse and ouertwhart Some againe do make it soft by beating it with a Hasell sticke and then do sucke it out with a piece of new leather and a hote yron which many tymes diminisheth the splent and increaseth the halting For if a splent be not very well drest the horse will halte halfe a yeare after yea and perhappes all his lyfe long Of a Malander The Cxvij Chapter A Malander is a kind of scabbe growing in the form of lines or strekes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath lōg hayres with stubborne rootes lyke the brystles of a Boare which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh lyke the rootes of a childes scabbed head and if it be greate it will make the horse to goe stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease procedes sometyme of a corrupt bloude but most commonly for lack of cleane keping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst washe it well with warme water then shaue both haire scabbe cleane away leauing nothing but the bare fleshe wherevnto lay this playster Take a spone full of Sope and as much Lyme Mingle them together that it may be lyke Paast and spreade as much on a clowt as will couer the sore and binde it fast on with a list renuing it euery day once the space of two or three dayes and at the three dayes ende take away the playster and annoynt the sore with Oyle of Roses made luke warme that shall fetch away the crust or scurfe bredde by meanes of the playster which scurfe being taken away washe the sore place well euery day once
vpright is to charge his hip back with pitch rosen moltē together and layd on warme then some flockes of his own colour to be clapped vpon the same and so to let him runne to grasse vntill he goe vpright But the sore hip wil neuer rise agayne so hyghe as the other If the horse be not hipped but only hurt in the hip and that newly Then fyrst take of oyle de Bay of Dialthea of Nerual of swines grease of ech halfe a pounde melt them all together stirring thē continually vntil they be throughly mingled together and annoynt the sore place against the haire wyth this oyntment euery day once the space of a fortenight and make the oyntment to synke well into the flesh by holding a hote brode barre of iron ouer the place annoynted weauing your hande to and fro vntil the ointment be entred into the skinne And if at the fortenightes ende you see that the horse amendeth no whitte for this then slyt a hole downewarde in his skinne an ynch beneath the hyp bone making the hole so wyde as you may easely thrust in a rowel with your finger and then with a little brode sclice of yron losen the skin frō the flesh aboue the bone roūd about the same so brode as the rowel may lie flat playne betwixt the skin the flesh which rowell would be made of soft calues leather with a hole in the midst like a ring hauing a threde tyed vnto it to pul it out when you would clense the hole in this sort if the rowell be rowled aboute with flaxe faste tyed on and annoynted wyth the oyntmente vnder wrytten it will drawe so much the more And thruste in the rowell fyrst double and then spread it abrode with your fynger That done taynt it with a good long taint of flax or toawe dipt in a little Turpentine hogges greace moltē together and made warme and cleanse the hole and the rowel euery day once also renew the taynt for the space of a fortenight And before you dresse him cause him euery day to be ledde vp and downe a foote pace a quarter of an houre to make the humours come downe and at the fortenights ende pull out the rowell and heale vp the wound with the same salue making the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And so sone as it is whole draw with a hote yron crosse lynes of eyght or nine ynches long righte ouer the hyppe bone so as the rowelled place may be in the very mydst thereof and burne him no deeper but so as the skinne may looke yeallow then charge all that place and ouer all his buttocke with thys charge Take of pytch one pounde of Rosen halfe a pound of Tarre halfe a pynte Boyle them together and then being good and warme spred it on with a clout tied in a riuen sticke And then clappe on a fewe flockes of the horses colour and if it be in Sommer let the horse runne to grasse a while for the more he trauayleth at his owne wyll the better it is for him Of stiffling and hurtes in the stiffle The Cxxiiij Chapter THe Horse is sayd to be styffled when the styffling bone is remoned from his right place But if it be not remoued nor losened and yet the Horse halteth by meanes of some grief ther then we say that the horse is hurt in the stiffle and not styffled The styffle cōmeth by meanes of some syde blowe ▪ or some greate strayne flypping or slyding The signes be these If he be stiffled the one bone wyll sticke out further than the other and is apparant to the eye Martin would haue you to cure the styffle in al poynts like vnto the shoulder pight sauing that the pinnes neede not to be so long bycause the stifling place is not so brode as the shoulder and standing in the stable let him haue a pastorne wyth a ring vpon his sore legge and therevnto fasten a corde which corde must go about his necke let it be so much strayned as it may bring hys sore leg more forwarde than the other to kepe the bone from starting out But if the Horse be but hurt in the styffle wyth some strype or strayne then the bone will not stand out but perhaps the place may be swollen The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst annoynt the place with the oyntment mentioned in the laste Chapter before euery day once the space of a fortenight and if the Horse amend not wyth this ▪ then rowel him with a hearen rowell or else wyth a quyll and lette the neather hole be somewhat beneath the sore place cleanse the hole euery day by turning the rowell continuing styll to annoynt the place with the oyntmente aforesayde and that shall make him whole Of foundering behinde The Cxxv. Chapter THys haps moste commonly when a horse is very fat and hath his grease molten wtin him which is sone done with euery litle heat You shall perceyue it by his going for he wyll be afrayde to sette his hinder feete to the grounde and he wyll be so weake behinde as he wil stande quiuering and shaking and couet alwayes to lie downe The cure according to Martin is thus Firste garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to goe a while to put him in a heate and being somewhat warme let him bloud in the thigh vaynes reseruing of that bloude a pottle to make him a charge in this sorte Put vnto that bloude of wheate flower of beane flower of eche a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armenie one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces syxe egges shelles and all of Turpentine halfe a pounde of Uinegre a quarte Mingle all these things together and therewith charge both his hinder legges raynes and flankes al against the haire And if the horse can not dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister Take of Mallowes three handfuls boyle them well in faire water from a pottle to a quarte Then strayne it and put therevnto halfe a pound of butter and of Sallet oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly gyue him also this drinke to comfort him Take of Malmesy a quarte and putte therevnto a little Synamom Mace and Pepper beaten into fine pouder and of oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that luke warme with a horne That done let him be walked vp downe a good while together if he be able to goe if not then tye him vp to the rack and let him be hanged with canuas and ropes so as he may stande vpon the grounde with his feete For the lesse he lie the better and pare his hinder feete thinne vntyll the deawe come out and tacking on the shoes agayne stoppe the houes with branne and hogges greace boyled together and let both his feete hauing this geare in it be wrapped vppe in a cloth euen to his
pastornes and there tye the cloute fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and gyue him in winter wet hay and in sōmer grasse Of the drie Spauen The Cxxvi. Chapter THe drye spauen called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great harde knobbe as bygge as a Walnut growing in the insyde of the hough harde vnder the ioynte nighe vnto the mayster vayne and causeth the horse to halte which sorance commeth sometime by kinde bicause the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation somtime by extreme labor heat dissoluing humors which do discend through the master vaine continually feding that place with euil nutrimēt causeth that place to swell Which swelling in cōtinuance of time becōmeth so hard as a bone and therfore is called of some the bone Spauē It nedeth no signes to know it bicause it is apparant to the eye most Ferrers do take it to be incurable Notwithstāding Martin sayth that it may be made lesse with these remedies here following Wash it with warm water and shaue of the haire so far as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may blede Then take of Cantharides one dosen and of Euforbium halfe a sponefull breake them in pouder and boyle them together wyth a little oyle de Bay and wyth two or three feathers bounde together put it boyling hote vpon the sore and let his taile be tide vp for wyping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after sette him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe all that nyghte for feare of rubbing of the medicine and the nexte day annoynt it wyth fresh butter continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of fyue or syx dayes and when the haire is growen agayne drawe the sore place with a hote yron in this sort Then take another hote sharpe yron like a bodkyn somewhat bowing at the poynt thrust yt in at the neather ende of the middle line and so vpwarde betwixte the skinne and the fleshe an ynch and a halfe And then taynte it wyth a little Turpentine and hogs grease molten togither and made warme renuing it euery day once the space of nine dayes But remember fyrst immediatly after his burning to take vp the mayster vayne suffring him to bleede a little from aboue and tye vp the vpper ende of the vaine and leaue the neather ende open to the intent that he may bleede frō beneath vntill it ceasse of it selfe and that shall diminish the Spauen or else nothing wyll do it Of the wette Spauen or through Spauen The Cxxvij Chapter THis is a softe swelling growing on both sydes of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may be well called a throughe Spauen But for the most part the swelling on the in side bicause it is cōtinually fed of the maister vaine is greater than the swelling on the outsyde The Italians call this sorance La ierda or gierdone which semeth to come of a more fluxible humour not so viscouse or slimy as the other Spauen doth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doth and this is more curable than the other It neede no sygnes bycause it is apparant to the eye and easy to knowe by the discription therof before made The cure according to Martin is thus Firste wash shaue and scarifie the place as before Thē take of Cantharides halfe an ounce of Euforbium one ounce broken to pouder and of oyle de Bay one ounce Myngle them well together colde wythout boyling them and dresse the sore therewyth two dayes together and euery day after vntil the haire be growen agayne annoynt it wyth freshe butter Then fire him both without and within as before wythout taynting him and immediately take vp the master vayne as before And then for the space of nine dayes annoynte him euery day once wyth butter vntill the fyered place beginne to skale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handfull as much of redde nettels boyle them in water vntill they be softe and put thervnto a little fresh butter and bath the place euery day once for the space of three or foure dayes and vntil the burning be whole let the horse come in no wette Of the Selander The Cxxviij Chapter THis is a kinde of Scabbe breeding in the ham which is the bente of the hough and is lyke in all poyntes to the Malandre proceeding of lyke causes and requireth like cure and therefore resorte to the Chapter of the Malander Of the Hough bonny The Cxxix Chapter THis is a round swelling bonny like a Paris ball growing vpon the very typpe or elbowe of the Hough therefore I thought good to cal it the Hough bonny This sorance commeth of some strype or bruse and as Martin sayth is cured thus Take a rounde yron somewhat sharpe at the ende like a good bygge bodkyn and let it be somewhat bending at the poynt Then holding the sore wyth your left hande pulling it somewhat frō the synnewes pearce it with the yron being fyrste made red hote thrusting it beneath in the bottom and so vpward into the ielly to the intent that the same ielly may issue downewarde out at the hole and hauing thrust out all the ielly taynte the hole wyth a taynt of flax dypt in Turpentine hogges grease molten together and also annoynt the outsyde wyth hogs grease made warme renuing it euery day once vntyll the hole be ready to shutte vp making the taint euery day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heale vp Of the Curbe The Cxxx. Chapter THis is a long swelling beneath the elbow of the hough in the great synewe behinde causeth the horse to halte after that he hath bene a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the synew is strayned the greater griefe which agayne by rest is eased This cōmeth by bearing some great wayght whē the horse is yong or else by some straine or wrinch wherby the tender synewes are grieued or rather bowed as Russius sayth whereof it is called in Italian Curba a Curuando that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swel and such swelling is apparant to the eye and maketh that leg to shewe bygger than the other The cure according to Martin is thus Take of wine lees a pinte and a porringer ful of wheate flowre of Comin half an oūce and stir them well together being made warme charge the sore place therewith renuing it euery day once the space of three or foure dayes and whē the swelling is almoste gone then drawe it with a hote yron in this sort and couer the burning wyth Pytch Rosen molten together and layde on good warme and clappe thereon some flocks of his owne colour or so
nigh as may be gotten and remoue them not vntil they fall away of themselues And for the space of nyne dayes let the horse rest and come in no wette Of the Paynes The Cxxxi Chapter THis is a kinde of Scab called in Italian Grappe which is ful of fretting matterish water and it breedeth in the pastornes for lacke of cleane keping and good rubbing after the horse hath bene iourneyed by meanes wherof the sande and dirte remayning in the haire fretteth the skinne and flesh and so breedeth to a scab And therefore those horses that haue long haire are rough about the feete are sonest troubled with this dysease if they be not the cleanlier kept The sygnes be these His legges will be swollen hote and water wyll yssue out of the Scab which water is so hote and fretting as it wil scalde of the haire and breede Scabbes so farre as it goeth The cure according to Martin is thus First wash well all the pastornes with beere and butter warmed together and his legs being somewhat dried with a cloth clyp away all the haire sauing the fewterlockes Then take of Turpentine of hogs grease of hony of eche like quantitie mingle them together in a pot and put therevnto a little Bole Armenie the yelkes of two egges and as muche wheate flower as wyll thicken the thinges aforesayde and make it playster like and for that cause it had neede to be very wel wrought and stirred together Then with a slyce strike some of the playster vpon suche a piece of linnen cloth as will serue to go rounde about the pastorne and binde it faste on with a rowler renuing it once a day vntill it be whole and let not the horse be trauayled nor stand wet Of Mules or Kybed héeles called of the Italians Mule The Cxxxij Chapter THis is a kinde of Scabbe breeding behinde somewhat aboue the nether ioynte growing ouertwhart the fewterlocke which commeth most commonly for being bredde in cold ground or else for lack of good dressing after that he hath bene laboured in foule mire dirty wayes which dirt lying styll in his legges fretteth the skin and maketh scabbie riftes which are sone bredde but not so sone gotten away The anguish whereof maketh the legs sometyme to swell and specially in winter and springtime and then the Horse goeth very styffely and wyth greate payne Thys sorance is apparant to the eye and is cured according to Martin in this sorte Take a piece of lynnen cloth and with the salue recyted in the last chapter make such a playster as may couer all the sore place and binde it fast on that it fal not of renuing it euery day once vntill the sore leaue running beginneth to waxe dry then wash it euery day once with strong water vntill it be cleane dried vp but if this sorance be but in breeding and that there is no rawe flesh then it shal suffise to annoynt it with Sope two or three dayes and at the three dayes ende to wash them wyth a lyttle beefe broth or dish water Of sorances or griefes that be commen to all foure féete The Cxxxiij Chapter HYtherto we haue declared vnto you the causes sygnes and cure of all such griefes as are porperlye incident eyther to the forelegges or hinder legges nowe therefore we wyll speake of those griefes that be commō to them both and first of windegalles Of windgalles The Cxxxiiij Chapter THe Windegall called of the Italians Galla is a bladder full of corruptielly wherof some be great and some be small and do grow on ech syde of the ioynt is so paynful and specially in Sommer season when the weather is hote and the wayes harde as the horse is not able to trauel but halteth right downe They come for the most part through extreme labour and heate whereby the humors being dissolued doe flowe and resorte into the hollowe places about the neather ioyntes and their be congeled and couered with a thin skin like a bladder They be apparant to the eye and therefore nede no other sygnes to know them The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Washe them with warme water and shaue of the haire and scarify them with the point of a Rasor and dresse them with Cantharides in the selfe same maner as the splent in the knee was taught before and annoint them afterward with butter vntil the skin be whole And if this will not heale it then draw them with a hote yron in this maner That done slitte the middle lyne whiche passeth right downe through the windegall with a sharpe knyfe beginning beneath and so vpward the length of halfe an ynche to the intent you may thrust the ielly out at that hole and then lay vnto it a litle pitch and Rosen molten together and made luke warme and put a fewe floxe on it and that wil heale him Of wrinching the neather ioynt The Cxxxv. Chapter THis commeth many times by treading awry in some Cart roote or otherwyse The sygnes be these The ioynt will be swollen sore and the horse will halt The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Take of Dialthea halfe a pound and as much of Neruall Mingle them together and annoint the sore place therewith chafing it well with both your hands that the oyntment may enter cōtinuing so to do euery day once vntill the oyntment be all spent and let the horse rest But if this will not preuayle then washe it wel with warme water and shaue away all the haire sauing the fewterlocke Scarifye it and lay vnto it Cantharides and heale it as you doe the splent in the knee Of enterfering The Cxxxvi. Chapter BIcause interfering is to be holpen by shooyng we purpose not to speake of it vntill we come to talke of the order of paring shooing all maner of houes and therefore resorte thither Of the shakell gall The Cxxxvij Chapter IF a Horse be galled in the pastornes with shakell locke pastorne or halter annoynt the sore place wyth a little hony and verdegrease boyled together vntill it loke redde whiche is a good oyntment for all gallings on the wythers immediately strowe vpon the oyntment being first layde vpon the legge a little chopt flaxe or toawe and that will sticke fast continuing so to do euerye day once vntill it be whole Of hurtes in the legges that commeth by casting in the Halter or Coller The Cxxxviij Chapter IT chaunceth many times that a horse hauing some ytche vnder his eares is desyrous to scratch the same with his hinder foote which whilest he reacheth to and fro doth fasten in the Coller or halter wherwith the more that he stryueth the more he galleth his legges and many tymes it chaūceth for that he is tyed so long by meanes whereof he being layd and the halter slacke about his feete in his rysing perpaps or turning he snarleth him selfe so as he is not able to get vp but hangeth either by the necke or legges
clapp one a whole shoe and stoppe the foote with nettles and Salte brayed together renuing it once a day but not ouer harde to the intent the sole may haue liberty to rise and being growen agayne let him be shodde with the lunettes and so sent to grasse Of the running Frushe The Cliij Chapter THe Frushe is the tenderest parte of the houe towards the heele called of the Ilians Fettone and bicause it is fashyoned lyke a forked head the French men cal it Furchette which worde our ferrers eyther for not knowing rightly howe to pronounce it or else perhaps for easinesse sake of pronuntiatiō do make it a monasillable and doe shortly pronounce it the frushe in which frush breedeth many tymes a rottennesse or corruption proceding of humors that cōmeth out of the legge wherby the legge is kept cleane from wynegalles and all other tumors and swellings by meanes that the humors haue passage that way Notwithstanding the discomoditie of this soraunce is greater then the commodytie bicause it maketh the horses foote so weake and tender as he is not able to treade vpon any hard ground The signes be these The horse wil halt and specially when the passage of the humor is stopt with any grauel gathered into the Frushe and not being stopt it will continually runne the sauoure whereof will be so strong as a man is not able to abide it and in some places it will looke rawe The cure according to Martin is thus First take off the shoe and pare awaye all the corrupt places and make them rawe so as you may see the water issue out of the raw places Then tack on the shoe agayne being first made wyde large ynoughe That done take of soote one handefull of salte as muche Broose them well together in a dishe and put thereunto the whyte of three egges and temper them altogither and with a litle toaw dipt therin stoppe all the foote and speciallye the frushe and splent it so as it maye not fall out renuing it once a daye the space of seuen dayes and then he will be whole During which tyme let the horse reast and come in no wette at the .vij. dayes ende leaue stopping him and ryde him abroade and alwayes when he cōmeth in let his sore foote be cleane washed that no grauel remayne therin without doing any more vnto him Of diseases or griefes indifferently incident to any part of the body but first of the Leprosie or vniuersall maunginesse called of the olde wryters Elephantia The Cliiij Chapter THis is a cankred maunginesse spreding ouer all the body which commeth of abundance of Melancholye corrupt and filthy bloude The sygnes be these The horse will be all maungye and scuruye full of scabbes and rawe plots about the necke euill fauoured to loke on alwayes rubbing scratching The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the first day in the one side of the necke within two dayes after on the other side of the neck wtin two dayes after that in the flank vaynes last of al in the vain vnder the taile Then wash al the sore places with salt brine rubbing them hard with a wispe of strawe hard twysted so as they may blede well and be all raw That done annoynt the places with this oyntmēt Take of quicke siluer one ounce of Hogges grease one pounde of brimstone beaten into powder a quarterne of Rape oyle a pinte Mingle these things well together vntil the quicke siluer be throughlye incorporated with the rest and hauing annoynted all the rawe places with this oyntment make it to sinke into the flesh by holding and weauing vp downe ouer it a hote brode bar of yron then touch him no more againe the space of two or thre dayes during which tyme if you se that he rubbeth still in any place then rub that place againe with an olde horsecombe to make it rawe and annoint it with freshe oyntment But if all this will not helpe then with a hote yron rounde and blunt at the poynt so bigge as a mans little finger Burne all the maūgye places making rounde holes passing onelye through the skin and no further For which intent it shall be nedefull to pull the skinne first from the fleshe with your left hande holding it stil vntil you haue thrust the hote yron throughe it and let euery hole be a span one from an other and if nede be you may annoynt those holes with a little Sope and let the horse be thinne dyeted during this curing tyme. Of the Farcyn called in Italian of some il verme and of some Farcina The Clv. Chapter THis is a kind of creping vlcer growing in knots folowing alongst some vaine and it procedeth of corrupt bloud ingendred in the bodye or else of some outwarde hurte as of spurgallyng or of the byting of some other horse or of the biting of tickes or of Hogges lice or such like casualtyes Or if it be in the legge it may come by enterfering It is easely knowen partly by the former discription and also it is apparant to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus Lette him bloud in that vayne where it commeth as nigh the sore place as may be let him bleede well Then fyre euery knot one by one taking the knot in your left hande and pulling it so harde as you can from his body to the intent you may the better pearce the knot with a round blunt hote yron of the bignesse of a mans fore finger without doing the body any hurt and let the matter out leauing none vnburned be it little or much That done annoynt euery knot so burned with Hogges grease warmed euery day once vntill the cores be redy to fal away and in the meane tyme prepare a good quantity of olde vrine and when you see that the cores are redy to fall boyle the vrine and put therin a little Corporas and salt and a few strong Nettles and with that water being warme washe out all the cores and all the corruption That done fil euery hole immediately with the powder of sleict Lyme continuing thus to do euery day once vntil the holes be closed vp and if any be more ranker then others fill those with Uerdygrease and during this cure lette the horse be thinlye dyeted that is to say with straw and water onely vnlesse it be now and then to giue him a lofe of bread For the lower he be kept the soner he will be whole And in any wyse let his necke be yoked in an olde bottomlesse payle or else with shorte staues to kepe him from licking the sores and the lesse rest he hath the better Of the Canker called of the Italians il Cancro The Clvi Chapter A Canker is a filthy creping Ulcer fretting and gnawing the fleshe in great breadth In the beginning it is knotty much lyke a Farcyne and spredeth it selfe into dyuers places and being exulcerated gathereth
together at length into one wounde or sore This proceedes of a Melancholy and filthy bloud ingendred in the body which if it be mixte with sharpe and salte humors it causeth the more painefull and grieuous exulceration and sometyme it commeth of some filthy wounde that is not clenly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankreth other cleane partes of the body It is easy to be knowen by the discription before writtē The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First lette him bloude in those vaynes that be nexte vnto the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alom halfe a pound of grene Corporas as much of white Corporas one quarterne and a good handefull of salte Boyle all these things together in fayre running water from a pottell to a quart and thys water being warme washe the sore therwith with a clout then sprincle theron the powder of sleyked Lyme continuing so to do euery day once the space of .xv. dayes and if you see that the Lyme doe not mortify the ranke flesh and kepe it from spreading any further then take of Sope halfe a pounde of quick siluer half an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the quick siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceyue none of the quick siluer in it And with an yron sclyce after that you haue washed the sore with the strong water aforesayde couer the wound with this oyntment cōtinuing thus to do euery day once vntill the canker leaue spreading abrode And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke fleshe is mortifyed and that the edges beginne to gather a skin Then after the washing dresse it with the Lyme as before continuing so to do vntill he be whole And in the dressing suffer no filthe that cōmeth out of the sore to remaine vpon any whole place about but wype it cleane away or else washe it away with warme water And let the Horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and throughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula The Clvij Chapter A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking Ulcer for the most parte springs of maligne humors ingendred in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easy to know by the discriptiō before made The cure according to Martin is thus First search the depth of it with a quil or with some other instrumēt of Leade that may be bowed euery way meete for the purpose For vnlesse you finde the bottom of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottom if it be in such place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a Launcet or Rasor then make a slit right against the bottom so wide as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spongye or loose fleshe which must be gotten out then taynt it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this oyntment Take of hony a quarterne and of Uerdigrease one ounce beaten in powder Boyle them together vntill it looke-redde sturring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taynt therewith and bolster the taynt with a bolster of flaxe And if it be in such a place as the taynt can not cōueniently be kepte in with a bande then fasten on eche syde of the hole two endes of a shoemakers threde right ouer the bolster to kepe in the taynte whiche endes may hang there as two laces to tye and vntye at your pleasure renuing the taynt euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprincling thereon a little sleict Lyme But if the Fistula be in suche a place as a man can neyther cut ryght against the bottome nor nyghe the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water throughe some quil or suche like thing so as it may goe to the bottome and drye vp the filthy matter dressing him so twise a day vntil the horse be whole Of an Anburye The Clviij Chapter THis is a great spongy wert full of bloud called of the Italians Moro or Selso which may growe in any place of the body and it hath a roote like a Cockes stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tye it about with a threde so harde as you can pull it and the threde will eate in by little and little in suche sorte as within seuen or eyght dayes it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharp hote yron cutting it round about and so depe as you leaue none of the roote behinde and dry it vp with Uerdygrease Russius sayth that if it growe in a place full of sinewes so as it can not be conueniently cut away with a hote yron then it is good to eate out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stoppe the hole with flaxe dipt in the white of an egge for a day or two and lastly to dry it vp with the powder of vnsleict Lyme and honye as before is taught Of woundes The Clix Chapter WOunds commeth by meanes of some strype or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole parte is cutte or broken For a wounde according to the Phisitians is defyned to be a solution dyuision or parting of the hole For if there be no such solution or parting then me thinks it ought rather to be called a brouse then a wounde And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharp or pearcing weapons and brouses with blount weapons Notwithstanding if by such blount weapons any parte of the hole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wounde as well as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe hollow Againe some chaunce in the fleshye partes and some in the bonye and sinewe places And those that chaunce in the fleshy partes though they be very deepe yet they be not so daungerous as the others and therfore we will speake fyrst of the moste daungerous If a horse haue a wounde newely made eyther in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinews bones or gristles First Martin would haue you to washe the wound wel with whyte wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wounde with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little wynd in the meane while as may be Thē hauing founde the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your saluebe readye Then take of Turpētine of Mel Rosatum of Oyle of Roses of ech a quarterne and a little vnwrought waxe and melt them together stirring them continually that they maye be well mingled together and if it be a cutte make a handesome roule of cleane picked toaw so long and so bigge as