potus Let him take it in the morning for foure or five dayes In steed hereof you may make a potion of one dramme of Sperma ceti dissolved in buglosse or some other of the waters formerly mentioned and halfe an ounce of syrupe of Maiden-haire if the disease yeeld not at all to these formerly prescribed medicines it will be good to give the patient for nine dayes three or foure houres before meate some of the following powder â„ž rhei torrefacti rad rub majoris centaurei gentianae aristolo rotundae an â„¥ ss give Ê’j heereof with syrupe of Venegar and Carduus water They say that the water of greene Walnuts distilled by an Alembicke is good to dissolve congealed and knotted blood Also you may use bathes made of the decoction of the rootes of Orris Elecampane Sorrell Fennell Marsh-mallowes Water-ferne or Osmund the waterman the greater Comfery the seeds of Faenugreeke the leaves of Sage Marjerome the floures of Camaemile Melilore and the like For a warme bath hath power to rarifie the skin to dissolved the clotted blood by cutting the tough mitigating the acride humors by calling them forth into the surface of the body and relaxing the passages thereof so that the rebellious qualities being orecome there ensues an easie evacuation of the matter by vomit or expectoration if it flote in the stomacke or be conteined in the chest but by stoole Vrine if it lye in the lower parts by sweates and transpiration if it lye next under the skin Wherefore bathes are good for those who have a Peripneumonia or inflammation of their Lunges or a Pleurisie according to the minde of Hippocrates if so be that they be used when the feaver begins to be asswaged for so they mitigate paine helpe forwards suppuration and hasten the spitting up of the purulent matter But we would not have the patient enter into the bath unlesse he have first used generall remedies as blood-letting and purging for otherwise there will be no small danger least the humors diffused by the heate of the bath cause a new defluxion into the parts affected Wherefore doe not thou by any meanes attempt to use this or the like remedy having not first had the advice of a Physition CHAP. III. How we must handle Contusions when they are joyned with a wound EVery great Contusion forthwith requires blood-letting or purging or both and these either for evacuation or revulsion For thus Hippocrates in a contusion of the Heele gives a vomitory potion the same day or else the next day after the heele is broken And then if the Contusion have a wound associating it the defluxion must be stayed at the beginning with an oyntment made of Bole Armenicke the whites of egges and oyle of roses and smyrtles with the pouders of red roses Allome and mastich At the second dressing apply a digestive made of the yoalke of an egge oyle of violets and Turpentine This folfowing Cataplasme shal be applyed to the neare parts to help forwards suppuration â„ž rad althae lilio an â„¥ iiij sol malv. violar senecionis an M. ss coquantur complete passentur per setaceum addendo butyrirecentis olei viol an â„¥ iij. farinae volatilis quant sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis liquidae Yet have a care in using of Cataplasmes that you do not too much exceede for too frequent and immoderate use of them makes wounds plegmonous sordide and putride Wherefore the wound after it is come to suppuration must be cleansed filled with flesh and cicatrized unlesse haply the contused flesh shall be very much torne so that the native heate forsake it for then it must be cut away But if there be any hope to agglutinate it let it be sowed and other things performed according to Art but the stitches must not be made so close together as when the wound is simple and without contusion for such wounds are easily inflamed and swell up which would occasion either the breaking of the thred or flesh or tearing of the skinne CHAP. IV. Of these Contusions which are without a wound IF the skinne being whole and not hurt as farre as can be discerned the flesh which lyes under it be contused and the blood poured forth under the skin make an Ecchymosis then the patient must be governed according to Art untill the maligne symptomes which commonly happen be no more to be feared Wherfore in the beginning draw blood on the opposite side both for evacuation and revulsion The contused part shall be scarified with equall scarifications then shall you apply cupping-glasses or hornes both for evacuation of the blood which causes the tumor and Tension in the part as also to ventilate and refrigerate the heate of the part least it turne into an Abscesse Neither must we in the meane while omit gentle purging of the belly The first topicke medicines ought to bee astrictives which must lye some short while upon the part that so the Veines and Arteries may be as it were straitned and closed up and so the defluxion hindred as also that the part it selfe may be strengthened This may be the forme of such a remedy â„ž Albumina everum nu iij. olei myrtini rosacei an â„¥ j. boli armeni sanguin dracon an â„¥ ss nucum cupress gallarum pul aluminis usti an Ê’ij incorporentur omnia addendo aceti parum fiat medicamentum Then you shall resolve it with a fomentation Cataplasme and discussing emplaisters CHAP. V. By what meanes the contused part may be freed from the feare and imminent danger of a Gangreene GReat Contusions are dangerous even for this cause for that a Gangreene and mortification sometimes followes them which Hippocrates teacheth to happen when as the affected part is growne very hard and liquide Wherefore when the part growes livide and blacke and the native colour thereof by reason of the affluxe of the concreate blood is almost extinct chiefely to ease the part of that burden cupping glasses and hornes shall be applyed to the part it selfe being first scarified with a Lancet or else the following Instrument termed a Scarificator which hath 18 little wheeles sharpe and cutting like a razour which may be straitened and slacked by the pins noted by D. and P. This instrument is to be commended for that it performes the operation quickly and gently for it makes 18 incisiones in the space that you make one with a Lancet or knife A Scarificator A. Shewes the cover B. The Boxe or Case Then shall you foment the part with strong Venegar wherein the roootes of radish or of Dragons Cuckow-pint Saelomons Seale Auripigmentum and the like have beene boyled for such acride things doe powerfully heat resolve and draw the concreate blood from the inner part of the body unto the skinne which by its setling in the part affected prohibits the entrance of the vitall spirits
doe stirreup the appetite resist the venemous quality and putrefaction of the humours restraine the heat of the Feaver and prohibit the corruption of the meates in the stomacke Although that those that have a more weake stomacke and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unlesse they be mixed with Sugar and Cynamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslaine Succory Borage Sorrell Hops Buglosse Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervill the cooling Seeds french Barly and Oatmeale with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added for to avoid obstruction yet much broath must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten in the beginning of the Meale provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to bee seasoned with over-much Oyle and Salt they may also with good successe bee put into Broaths Fishes are altogether to be avoyded because they soon corrupt in the Stomack but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgions and Cravises boyled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea-fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kinds of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Egges potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good Likewise Barly water seasoned with the graines of a tart Pomegranate and if the Feaver be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such Barly water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and paine of the head and those must abstaine from it But instead of barly water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisons of the Sunne newly sodden in Rose water with Sugar soure Damaske Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine Peares And in the latter end of the Meale Quinces roasted in the Embers Marmelate of Quinces and conserves of Buglosse or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this pouder following Take of Coriander seeds prepared two drams of Pearle Rose leaves shavings of Hatts-horne and Ivory of each halfe a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinamon one scruple of Unicornes horne and the bone in a Stagges heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses foure ounces Make thereof a pouder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weake he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veale sodden together in the water of Sorrell Carduus benedictus with a little quantity of Rose vinegar Cynamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seeme to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broath of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomegranates This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Buglosse Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum Frigidum of the Trochisces of Camphire of each three drams of Citron seeds Carduus seeds Sorrell seeds the rootes of Diptamnus Tormentill of each two drammes of the broath of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslaine Buglosse and Borage boiled in it sixe pints put them in a Lembecke of glasse with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Partridges and with fifteene leaves of pure gold make thereof a destillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pint straine it through a woollen bagge with two ounces of white Sugar and halfe a dram of Cynamon let the patient use this when he is thirstie Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a legge of Veale two minced Partridges and two drammes of whole Cinamon without any liquor in a lembâ—â—ke of glasse well luted and covered and so let them boile in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect concoction For so the fleshes will bee boiled in their owne juice without any hurt of the fire then let the juice bee pressed out therehence with a presse give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordiall waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to bee avoided because that sweet things turne into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may bee fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickenesse that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custome age the region and the time for through emptinesse there is great danger lest that the venemous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called backe into the inward parts by an hungrie stomacke and the stomacke it selfe should beefilled with cholericke hot thin and sharp excrementall humours whereof commeth biting of the stomack and gripings in the guts CHAP. XXI What drinke the Patient infected ought to use IF the feaver be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unlesse that he be subject to swouning and he may drinke the Oxymel following in stread thereof Take of faire water three quarts wherein boyle foure ounces of hony untill the third part bee consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a cleane vessell and adde thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of faire water of hard sugar sixe ounces of cinamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bagge or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrupe of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence The use of the Julep following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrell well clarified halfe a pint of the juice of Lettuce so clarified foure ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boile them together to a perfection let them bee strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar let it be used betweene meales with boyled water or with equall portions of the water of Sorrell Lettuce Scabious and Buglosse or take of this former described Julep strained and clarified foure ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the forenamed cordiall waters and boile them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinamon halfe a
which followes a cooling of the habite of the whole body yea and many by meanes of Phlebotomy have their bellye 's loosed and sweate both which are much to be desired in this kinde of Feaver This moved the ancient Physitions to write that we must draw blood in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their blood it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much blood at severall times as the greatnesse of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may beare When you have drawne blood forthwith inject an emollient and refrigerative clyster lest that the veines emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these clysters which coole too much rather bindethe belly than loose it The following day the Morbiâ—icke matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrupes which have not onely a refrigerative quality but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrupe of Lemmons Berberries of the Iujce of Citrons of Pomgranats Sorrell and Vineger let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heate much debilitated by drawing of a great quantity of blood cannot equall a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with chicken and veale brothes made with cooling herbes as Sorrell Lettuce and Purslaine Let his drinke be Baâ—ly water Syrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boiled water Iulepum Alexandrinum especially if he be troubled with scouring oâ— laske But the Physition must cheifly have regard to the fourth day for if then there appeare any signes of concoction in the excrements the Crisis must be expected on the seventh day and that either by a loosenesse of the belly or an aboundance of urine by vomits sweats or bleeding Therefore we must then doe nothing but commit the whole businesse to nature But for drinking cold water which is so much commended by Galen in this kinde of Feaver it is not to be suffered beforethere appeare signes of concoction moreover in the declining of the disease the use of wine will not be unprofitable to helpe forwards sweats CHAP. XII Of an Erysipelas or Inflammation HAving declared the cure of a Phlegmon caused by laudable blood wee must now treate of these tumors which acknowledge Choler the materiall cause of their generation by reason of that affinity which interceeds betweene Choler and Blood Therefore the tumors caussed by naturall Choler are called Erysipelata or Inflammations these conteine a great heate in them which cheifly possesses the skin as also oftentimes some portion of the flesh lying under it For they are made by most thin and subtle blood which upon any occasion of inflammation easily becomes cholericke or by blood and choler hotter than is requisit and sometimes of choler mixed with an acride serous humor That which is made by sincere and pure choler is called by Galen a true and perfect Erysipelas But there arise three differences of Erysipelaes by the admixture of choler with the three other kinds of humors For if it being predominant be mixed with blood it shall be termed Erysipelas Phlegmonodes if with phlegme Erysipelas oedematodes if with Melancholy Erysipelas Sâ—irrhodes So that the former and substantive word shewes the humor bearing dominion but the latter or adjective that which is inferiour in mixture But if they concurre in equall quantity there will be thereupon made Erysipelas Phlegmone Erysipelas oedema Erysipelas scirrhus Galen acknowledges two kinds of Erysipelaes one simple and without an ulcer the other ulcerated For Choler drawne and severed from the warmnesse of the blood running by its subtlety and acrimony vnto the skin ulcerates it but restrained by the gentle heat of the blood as a bridle it is hindred from peircing to the top of the skin and makes a tumor without an ulcer But of unnaturall choler are caused many other kinds of cholericke tumors as the Herpes exedens and Miliaris and lastly all sorts of tumors which come betweene the Herpes and Cancer You may know Erysipelaes cheifly by three signes as by their colour which is a yellowish red by their quicke sliding backe into the body at the least compression of the skin the cause of which is the subtlety of the humor and the outward site of it under the skin whereupon by some an Erysipelas is called a Disease of the skin Lastly by the number of the Symptoms as heat pulsation paine The heat of an Erysipelas is far greater than that of a Phlegmon but the pulsation is much lesse for as the heat of the blood is not so great as that of choler so it farre exceeds choler in quantity and thicknesse which may cause compression and obstruction of the adjacent muscle For Choler easily dissipable by reason of its subtlety quickly vanishes neither doth it suffer it selfe to be long conteined in the empty spaces betweene the muscles neither doth an Erysipelas agree with a Phlegmon in the propriety of the paine For that of an Erysipelas is pricking and biting without tension or heavinesse yet the primitive antecedent and conjunct causes are alike of both the tumors Although an Erysipelas may be incident to all parts yet principally it assailes the face by reason of the rarity of the skin of that place and the lightnesse of the cholericke humor flying upwards It is ill when an Erysipelas comes upon a wound or ulcer and although it may come to suppuration yet it is not good for it shewes that there is obstruction by the admixture of a grosse humor whence there is some danger of erosion in the parts next under the skin It is good when an Erysipelas comes from within outwards but ill when from without it retires inward But if an Erysipelas possesse the wombe it is deadly and in like manner if it spread too far over the face by reason of the sympathy of the membranes of the braine CHAP. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas FOr the cure of an Erysipelas we must procure two things to wit evacuation and Refrigeration But because there is more need of cooling than in a Phlegmon the cheefe scope must be for refrigeration Which being done the conteined matter must be taken away and evacuated with moderatly resolving medicines We must doe foure things to attaine unto these forementioned ends First of all we must appoint a convenient manner of Diet in the use of the sixe things not naturall that is we must incrassate refrigerate and moisten as much as the nature of the disease and patient will suffer much more than in a Phlegmon then we will evacuate the Antecedent matter by opening a veine and by medicines purging choler And that by cutting the Cephalicke veine if there be a portion of the blood
matter being concocted causes us to thinke the quotidian short and salutary The Cure is performed by two meanes to wit Diet and Pharmacy Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the patient breathe in a cleere aire moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked cocke or chicken brothes in which have bin boiled the roots of Parsly Sorrell and the like Neither at some times will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomacke liver much cooled Let him eate Chickins Mutton Partridge and small Birds river fishes and such as live in stony waters fryed or broiled reare Egges and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drinke be small white wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleepe taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleepe fall not upon the time of the fit for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowells For the passions of the minde the patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seemes not amisse to some at the comming of the fit to put the feet and Legs into hot water in which Chamomill Dill Melilote Marjerome Sage and Rosemary have beene boyled The Medicines shall be such Syrupes as are called digestive and aperitive as Syrupe of Wormewood Mints of the five opening rootes Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomill Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agaricke Turbith of which you shall make potions with the water of Mints Balme Hyssope Sage Fennell Endive or the like Pilluae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in forme of a bole with Sugar as the Physition being present shall thinke most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the stomake and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chiefe seate of Phlegme wherefore it will be good to anoynt it every other day with oyle of Chamomill mixed with a litle white wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juice of Raddish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrupe of vineger will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in forme of a Bole or to drinke it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIIII Of a Scirrhus or an hard Tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of Tumors caused by blood choler and Phlegme it remaines we speake of these which are bred of a Melancholike humor Of these there are said to be foure differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor endued with litle sense and so commonly without paine generated of a naturall Melancholike humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor insensible and without paine of a Melancholike humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholike humor The fourth of a Phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a grosse tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnaturall affects of the liver or spleene as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrâ—oides or Courses The signes are hardnesse renitency a blackish colour and a dilatation of the veines of the affected part with blackishnesse by reason of the aboundance of the grosse humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholy without paine and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yeeld to any Those which are brought to suppuration easily turne into cancers and fistulaes these tumors though in the beginning they appeare litle yet in processe of time they grow to a great bignes CHAP. XXV Of the Cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Sirrhus cheefly consists of three heads First the Phisition shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and moderate in feeding tending to humidity and indifferent heate for his manner of life let it be quiet and free from all perturbation of anger griefe and sadnesse as also abhorring the use of venery The second is placed in the evacuation of the antecedent matter as by Phlebotomy if need require and by purging by procuring the haemorrhoids in men and the courses in women let purgations be prescribed of Discatholicon Hyera diasenna polipody Epythymum according to the minde of the learned Physition The third consists in the convenient use of Topicke medicines that is emollient at the beginning and then presently resolving or rather such as are mixed both of resolving emollient faculties as Galen teaches for by the use of only emollient things there is danger of putrefaction and a Cancer and only of resolving there is feare of concretion the subtiler part being resolved and the grosser subsiding The emollient shall be thus â„ž Rad. alth lib. s rad liliorum â„¥ iij. conquantur in aqua com pistentur traijciantur per setaceum addendo olei chamaem lilior an â„¥ ij oesipi humidae â„¥ ss emplastri diachyl alb cum oleo liliorum dissoluti â„¥ iij cerae albae quantum fit satis fiat cerotum Or â„ž gummi ammoniaci galb bdellij styracis liquidae in aceto dissolutorum an â„¥ j. diachyl mag â„¥ jss olei liliorum axungiae anseris an â„¥ j. ceroti oesip descriptione Philagr â„¥ ij liquesâ—ant omnia simul cerae quantum sit satis ut iude fiat cerotum satis molle When you have sufficiently used emollient things fume the Tumour with strong Vinegar and Aqua vitae poured vpon a peice of a Milstone flint or bricke heated very hot for so the mollified humor will be rarified attenuated and resolved then some while after renew your emollients and then againe apply your resolvers to waste that which remaines which could not be performed together and at once for thus Galen healed a Scirrhus in Cercilius his sonne Goats dung is very good to discusse Scirrhous tumors but the Emplaster of Vigo with a double quantity of Mercury is effectuall above the rest as
take heed of the over light chiefely untill such time as the most feared and maligne symptomes are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits encreases paine strengthens the feaver and symptomes Hippocrates wholy forbids wine therefore the patient in steed thereof must drinke Barly water faire water boyled and tempered with Iulep of Roses syrupe of Violets vinegar and the like water wherein bread crummes have beene steeped water and sugar with a little juyce of Lemons or pomecitron added thereto and such like as the abilitye and taste of the patient shall require Let him continue such drinkes until he be free from maligne symptomes which usually happen within foureteene dayes His meat shall be pappe ptisan shunning Almond milkes for Almonds are sayd to fill the head with vapours and cause paine stued damaske Prunes Raisons and Currance seasoned with sugar and a little cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomack and revive and exhilarate the spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veale Kid Leverets birds of the fields Pheasons blacke-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larkes and such like meates of good digestion boiled with lettuce purslaine sorrell borage buglosse succory endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on these meates roasted he may only dipping them in verjuice in the acide juices of Oranges Citrons Lemons or Pomegranets sometimes in one and sometimes in another according to his taste and ability If any have a desire to eate fish he must make choyce of Troutes Gudgions Pikes and the like which live in running and cleare waters and not in muddy hee shall eschew all cold sallets and pulse because they flye up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meate to use common drige powder or Aniseed Fennell-seed or Coriander comfits also conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should bee offended with vapoures arising from thence Children must eate often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their naturall heate is more strong wherefore they stand in neede of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentifull nourishment for that then their stomackes are more hot than in Summer When the foureteenth day is past if neither a feaver nor any thing else forbid hee may drinke wine moderately and by little and little encrease his dyet but that respectively to each ones nature strength and custome He shall shunne as much as in him lyes sleepe on the day time unlesse it happen that a Phlegmon seaze upon the braine or Meninges For in this case it will bee expedient to sleepe on the day time especially from morning till noone for in this season of the day as also in the spring blood is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly knowne that it need not be spoken that the blood when wee are awake is carryed into the habite and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleepe it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the blood by the force of the Sunne casting his beames upon the earth at his rising is carryed into the habite of the body should againe bee more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the braine and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will bee better especially then to stay by sleepe the violence of the blood running into the habite of the body when it shall seeme to rage and more violently to affect that way Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the braine and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities paines and heavinesse of the head and makes the wounds dry and maligne But if the patient cannot sleepe by reason of the vehemencie of the inflammation of the braine and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmeare and annoint the head nose temples and eares with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupifie and make drowsie the Braine and membranes thereof being more hot than they ought to be Wherefore for this purpose let the temples bee anointed with Vnguentum populeon or Vnguentum Rosatum with a little rose vinegar or oxycrate Let a spunge moistened in the decoction of white or blacke poppie seed of the rinds of the rootes of Mandrages of the seedes of Henbane lettuce purslaine plantaine night-shade and the like He may also have a broath or barly creame into which you may put an emulsion made of the seedes of white poppye or let him have a potion made with â„¥ j. or â„¥ iss of the syrupe of poppie with â„¥ ij of lettuce water Let the patient use these things 4 houres after meate to procure sleepe For sleepe doth much helpe concoction it repaires the effluxe of the triple substance caused by watching aswageth paine refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the patient take his naturall rest If the patient shall bee plethoricke let the plenitude be lessened by blood-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Phisition who shall oversee the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kindes of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation paine and other such like symptomes be increased by stirring up the humors Phlebotomie according to Galens opinion must not onely be made respectively to the plenty of blood but also agreeable to the greatnesse of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw backe that humor which flowes downe by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawne to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalicke veine of the right arme shall be opened unlesse a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may bee opened although the body is not plethoricke The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is farre better by reason of the straightnesse of the fibers than to draw blood on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the patient still feeling his pulse unlesse a Physition be present to whose judgement you must then commit all that businesse For the pulse is in Galens opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soone as we finde it to become lesser and more slow when the fore-head beginnes to sweate a little when he feeles a paine at his heart when he is taken
in a lead Mortar with a little Rose water and so put into the eye but let this repercussive be layd upon the eye and the neighbouing parts â„ž albumin ovor nu iiij combustiÊ’ij DraconisÊ’j aquae rosar plantag an â„¥ ij agitentur simul make a repercussive which you may frequently use Or else apply cheese curds well wrung mixed with Rosewater the white of an Egge and as much acacia as shall suffice This which followeth doth more powerfully stay the flowing humor â„ž gum arab tragac an Ê’ij psilij cydon semin portul plant sâ—mach an Ê’ij fiat mucag. cum aqua plantag solan rosar concinnetur collyrium of which you may drop some both within and about the eye But note that all such remedies must be applyed warme both that they may the better penetrate by their moderate heate as also for that all actuall cold things are hurtfull to the eyes and sight because they dull the sight by incrustating the visive spirits For I have knowne many who have become dull of sight by the frequent using of medicines actually cold to the eyes I have on the contrary seene not a few who have recovered with the fit use of such like medicines who have had any part of their eye so it were not the pupilla or Apple of the eye so pricked with a needle or bodkin that much of the watrish humour ran forth thereat The milke of a woman which suckles a girle for that is reputed the cooler mitigates paine and clenses if it bee milked out of the Dug into the eye to which purpose also the blood of Turtles Pidgeons or Chickens much conduces being dropt into the eye by opening a veine under their wings Also this following cataplasme asswageth paine and inflammation and hinders defluxion being applyed to the eye and the adjacent parts â„ž Carnis pomorum sub cinere calido decoctorum â„¥ v. vitellos â—vorum num iij cassiae fistulae recenter extractae â„¥ ss macaginis psilij altheae cydon an â„¥ j. farin hordeiparum incorporentur omnia simul fiat cataplasma Also sheepes lungs boyled in milke and applyed warme and changed as they grow cold are good to aswage paine But if the too violent heate and paine shall not yeeld to such medicines but require more vehement then Foliorum Hyoscyami m. j. sub cineribus coquatur atque in mortario cum mucagine seminis psilij cydonier extract in aquis solani plantag pistetur then let this medicine be wrapped in a linnen cloath and applyed to the eyes and temples The mucilages of Psilium or Flea-wort and Quince seedes extracted in a decoction of Poppy heads and mixed with a little Opium and Rose water are used for the same purpose But when there is neede of detergent and sarcoticke medicines then R syrup rosar siccar â„¥ j. aq faenic ruta an Ê’ij aloes lâ—…e olibani an â„¥ ss mixe them for the foresayd use The galls of Scates Hares and Partridges dissolved in eye-bright and fennell water are fit for clensing such wounds as also this following Collyrium R Aquae hordei â„¥ j. despumatiÊ’iij aloes ter lotae in aqua plantaginis and anÊ’j fiat collyrium Also this ensuing medicine is very sarcoticke R mucagin gummi olibani arabici tragacanth sarcocol in aq hordei extract an Ê’iij rosarumÊ’j cerus ustae lotae tutia prapar an Ê’ss fiat collyrium But here you must note that the coate Adnata often swells so much by reason of a wound or some other injurie and stands so forth by the falling downe of humotes accesse and mixture of flatulencies that it hides the whole Pupilla and hangs forth of the eye-lids like as if it were an unnaturall fleshy excrescence and it looses the native colour and lookes very red so that the eye can neither bee shut nor opened Wherewith a young Chirurgion being deceived determined to cut away this protuberancie of the Adnata as though it had beene some superfluous flesh and then to waste it with cathaereticke powders had I not forbidden him telling him of the certaine danger of blindnesse which would thereupon befall the patient Wherefore I prescribed a fomentation of chamomile melilote Rose leaves wormewood rue fennell and aniseedes boyled in milke with the rootes of Orris and marigolds Then I presently added this following fomentation being more powerfull and drying R Nucis cupressi gallar balaust an â„¥ j. plantag absinth hippuris flo chamaem ros rub an M. ss bulliant simul cum aqua fabrorum fiat decoctum pro fotu cum spongia Besides also you may apply a cataplasme made of barly and beane flowre the powders of Masticke Mirrhe and Aloes and some of the last described decoction The tumor beginning to decline I dropt the flowing liquor into the eye which hath a very astringent drying and strengthening faculty Roast a new layd egge in Embers untill it be hard then pill off the shell take forth the yolke and in place thereof put a scruple of Roman Vitrioll in fine powder then put it in a linnen cloath and wring it hard forth into some cleane thing and droppe thereof for some dayes into the eye with a little smithes water wherein Sumach and Rose leaves have beene boyled I have found by experience the certaine force of this remedy but if notwithstanding there be a true fleshy excrescence upon the coate Adnata it may be taken away by this following powder R Ossis sepiae testae ovorum calcinatae an Ê’j fiat pulvis Calcined Vitriole burnt Alome and the like may bee commodiously used to this purpose Yet you must warily make use of all such things and alwayes lay repercussives about the eye that no harme ensue thereof For diverse times acride humors fall downe into the eye with such violence that they breake the Horny coate whereupon the humors of the eye are poured out Remember also that in diseases of the eyes the Patient lye with his head somewhat high and that he keepe shut not only the pained but also the sound eye because rest is alwayes necessary for the grieved part But one eye cannot bee moved without some motion of the other by reason of the connexion they have by their opticke and moving nerves both the Meninges the Pericranium Veines and Arteries which is the cause that when the one suffers the other in some sort partakes therewith But if we cannot prevaile by all these formerly prescribed medicines fit to stay the defluxion then it remaines that wee apply a Seton to the necke for it is a singular remedy against inveterate defluxions into the eyes For we know by dayly experience that many who have had their sight dulled by a long and great defluxion so that they were almost blinde have by little and little recovered their former splendour and sharpenesse of sight when matter once begun to bee evacuated by the Seton The truth hereof appeared in Paul the Italian
to fall to your worke CHAP. XV. Of the generall cure of a Gangreene THe Indications of curing Gangreenes are to be drawne from their differences for the cure must bee diversely instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangreenes possesse the whole member others onely some portion thereof some are deepe othersome superficiall onely Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodyes as of children women Eunuches and idle persons require much milder medicines than those who by nature and custome or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as husbandmen labourers marriners huntsmen potters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly Neither must you have respect to the body in generall but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solide as the Nerves and joynts or more solide as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moyst parts as the Privities mouth wombe and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrifaction wherefore we must use more speedy meanes to helpe them Wherefore if the Gangreene be cheefely occasioned from an internall cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the sixe things not naturall If the body be plethoricke or full of ill humors you must purge or let blood by the advice of a Physition Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must cheefely be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrell or Carduus water with a bole of Mithridate the conserves of Roses Buglosse and with Opiates made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub inpulver radactarum spodij an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ijss trochiscorum de Caphura Ê’ij crociÊ’j ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a scarlet clot or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangreene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangreene THe cure of a Gangreene caused by the too plentifull and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heate by reason of great Plegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors which putrifie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great indifferent small deepe and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangreene are much commended that so the burdened part may enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humors of difflation or evacuation of their footy excrements Let incisions be made when the affect is great deepe in and neere to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first begins to putrefie for the greatnesse of the remedy must answere in proportion to that of the disease Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will bee fit to cut the skin and flesh with many and deepe incisions with an incision knife made for that purpose yet take heede of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unlesse they be wholy putrified for if they be not yet putrified you shall make your incisions in the spaces betweene them if the Gangreene be lesse we must rest satisfied with onely scarifying it When the scarifications and incisions are made we must suffer much blood to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may bee evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicines as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by peircing to the bottome may have power to overcome the virulencie already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the lye of the Ashes of fig-tree or Oake wherein Lupines have bin throughly boyled are good Or you may with lesse trouble make a medicine with salt water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae for aqua vitae and calcined vitrioll are singular medicines for a Gangreene Or â„ž acet opimi lb. j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. bulliant simul adde aq vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to represse Gangreenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the incisions for there is no medicine more powerfull against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putride flesh from the sound But we must not in this kinde of affect expect that the putride flesh may of it selfe fall from the sound but rather cut off with your incision knife or sissers whatsoever thereof you can then put to it Egyptiacum as oft as neede shall require The knowledge hereof may be acquired from the colour smell and sensiblenesse of the flesh its selfe The description of the Egyptiacum whose wondrous effects I have often tryed in these causes is this â„ž floris aris aluminis roch mellis com an â„¥ iij. aceti acerrimi â„¥ v. salis com â„¥ j. vitrioli rom â„¥ ss sublimatipul Ê’ij bulliant omnia simul ad ignem fiat unguent If the force of the putrefaction in the part be not so great a weaker Aegyptiacum may serve When you have put in the Aegyptiacum then presently lay the following Cataplasme thereupon For it hinders putrefaction resolves cleanses dryes up the virulent sanies and by the dry subtlety of the parts penetrates into the member strengthens it and asswages the paine â„ž farin fabar hor dei orobi lent lupin an lb. s sal com mellis rosat an â„¥ iiij succi absinth marrub an â„¥ iiss aloes mastiches myrrhae aqua vit an â„¥ ij oxymelitis simpl quantum sufficit fiat Cataplasma molle secundum artem Somewhat higher than the part affected apply this following astringent or defensitive to hinder the flowing down of the humors into the part and the rising up of the vapours from the putride part into the whole body â„ž oleirosati myrtill an â„¥ 4. succi plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ij album ovorum 5. boli armeni teâ—rae sigillata subtiliter pulverâ—satorum an â„¥ j. oxycrati quantum sufficit misce ad usum dictum But these medicines must be often renewed If the greefe be so stubborne that it will not yeeld to the described remedies wee must come to stronger to wit Cauteries after whose application Galen bids to put upon it the juice of a Leeke with salt beaten and dissolved therewith for that this medicine hath a peircing and drying faculty and consequently to hinder putrifaction But if you prevaile nothing with Cauteries then must you come to the last remedy and refuge that is the amputation of the part For according to Hippocrates to extreame diseases
wherefore all such things shall be used in forme of an Eglegma to be taken lying on the backe and swallowed downe by little and little opening the muscles of the throate least the medicine passing downe sodainely and in great quantity cause a cough a thing exceeding hurtfull to these kinds of Vlcers When they must be clensed you shall have crude honey which hath a singular faculty above all other detergent things in these kind of Vlcers But when they can conveniently swallow you shall mixe Gumme Tragacanth dissolved in some astringent decoction In Vlcers of the stomacke all acride things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause paine inflammation and vomite and besides hinder the digestion of the meate Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugered gellyes wherein Gumme Tragacanth and bole Armenicke have beene put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figges Raisons Honey Cowes milke boyled with the yoalkes of egges and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowres and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of quinces the Lentiske wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent wine unlesse there be feare of inflammation Their drinke shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrupe of Violets and Iujubes Honey mixed with other medicines is a very fitting remedy for Vlcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomacke for if you shall use astringent medicines alone of themselves they will sticke to the stomacke neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helpes them forwards to the affected parts also clenses the Vlcers themselves Here also Asses milke may with good successe be used in stead of Goates or Cowes milke The use of a valnerary potion is almost commendable if so bee that it bee made of such hearbes and simples as by a certaine tacite familiartiy have respect to the parts affected But the Vlcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater guts be affected you may heale them with a Glyster and injections made also sharpe to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must bee rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament doe not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unlesse with the losse of their faculty so farre as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Vlcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder VLcers are caused in the Kidnyes and Bladder either by the use of acride meates drinkes or medicines as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acride humor bred in that place sent or falne thither or else by the rupture of some vessell or an abscesse broken and degenerated into an Vlcer as it sometimes comes to passe They are discerned by their site for the paine and heavinesse of Vlcers of the Reines comes to the Loynes and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Vrine Neither doth the Pus which flowes from the renies stinke so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodlesse fleshlesse membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction that pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Vrinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottome and may be seene separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Vrine but that Pus which flowes from the bladder is oft times made alone without Vrine usually it comes to passe that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidnyes hath in it certaine caruncles or as it were haires according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thicke Vrine have little caâ—uncles and as it were haires come forth together therewith they come from their Kidnyes but on the contrarie those who have certaine bran-like scailes come from them in a thicke Vrine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Vlcer For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Glysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw backe the humors by whose confluxe into the affected part the Vlcer might bee seed and made more sordide and filthy You must beware of strong purgations least the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Vlcer may fall downe upon the Kidnyes or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectuall to mundifie those kind of Vlcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycyrrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad acetosae petrosel an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colatura dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of foure Ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces â„ž quator sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragacanth gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycyrrhizae mund â—ucaginis sem psilij amygd dulc hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang dracâ—spodij rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barly water or Goates milke Galen bids to mixe honey and diureticke things with medicines made for the Vlcers of the Reines and bladder for that they gently move Vrine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Vlcers of the bladder are either in the bottome thereof or at the necke and urinary passage If they be in the bottome the paine is almost continuall if in the necke the paine then prickes and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Vlcer which is is the bottome sends forth certaine scaly or skinny excrements together with the Vrine but that which is in the necke causes almost a continuall Tentigo Those which are in the bottome are for the most part incurable both by reason of the bloodlesse and nervous nature of the part as also for that the Vlcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the Vrine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the Vrine alwayes remaine in the bottome of the bladder which could not therefore passe forth together with the rest of the Vrine for that for the passing forth of the Vrine the bladder being distended before falls
continue it keepe it longer in the wound there is some danger lest nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the urethra or urenary passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts neare to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the paine â„ž album ovorum nu iii. pul boli armeni sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALL things which we have recited being faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oate chaffe to drinke up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillowes that they may bee changed as neede shall require Sometimes after the drawing forth of the stone the bloud in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unlesse you be carefull to provide against with discussing drying and consuming medicines it is to be feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if any accidents happen in curing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After some few daies a warme injection shall be cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night-shade roses with a little syrupe of dried roses It wil help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound and contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it sometimes happens that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of bloud and other impurity may fall into the urenary passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for some daies into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloody wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder being taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lye crosse-legged and keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day be past Hee must wholly abstaine from wine unlesse it bee very weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and sugar or boyled water mixed with syrups of dryed roses maidenhaire and the like Let his meat bee ponado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds lettuce purslaine sorrell borage spinage and the like If he be bound in his belly a Physitian shall be called who may helpe it by appointing either Cassia a glister or some other kind of medicine as he shall thinke good CHAP. XLVI What cure is to be used to Ulcers when as the urine flowes through them long after the stone is drawne out MAny after the stone is drawneout cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flowes out this way continually by little and little and against the patients will during the rest of his life unlesse the Surgeon helpe it Therefore the callous lippes of the wound must be amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tyed up and bound with the instrument wee terme a Retinaculum or stay this must be perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall be thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh and shall be knit about it then glutinative medicines shall be applyed such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis Draconis bole armenick and the like after five or sixe dayes the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remaine but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or Stay A. shewes the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bignesse of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay be wanting you may conjoyne the lippes of the wound after this following manner Put two quilles somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles having thread in them taking hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thread upon them For thus the wound shall be agglutinated and the fleshy lips of the wound kept from being torne which would be in danger if the needle thread were onely used CHAP. XLVII How to take stones out of womens bladders WEE know by the same signes that the stone is in a womans bladder as we do in a mans yet it is far more easily searched by a Cathaeter for that the necke of the bladder in the shorter broader and the more streight Wherfore it may not onely be found by a Cathaeter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the necke of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placing the sicke woman in the same posture as we mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observe that maides yonger than seven yeares old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the wombe without great violence Therefore the stone must be drawne from them by the same meanes as from boyes to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone being found out and the lower belly also pressed with the other hand it must be brought to the necke of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned meanes Yet if the riper yeares of the patient permit it to bee done without violence the whole worke shall be more easily and happily performed by putting the fingers into the necke of the wombe for that the bladder is nearer the neck of the womb than it is to the right gut Wherfore the fingers thus thrust in a Cathaeter shall bee presently put into the necke of the bladder This Cathaeter must bee hollow or slit on the outside like those before described but not crooked but streight as you may perceive by the following figure A Cathaeter upon which being put into the Bladder the necke thereof may be cut to draw out a stone from a woman Upon this instrument the neck of the bladder may be cut and then with the Dilater made for the same purpose the incision shall bee dilated as much as need requites yet with this caution that seeing the necke of a womans bladder is the shorter it admits not so great dilatation as a mans for otherwise there is danger that it may come to the body of the bladder whence an unvoluntary shedding of the water may ensue and
in plantaine water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstaine from wine and instead thereof let him use barly water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the sun stoned and boyled in five pints of faire water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glasse untill one pinte be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boyled a little more be strayned through an hypocras bagge with a quarterne of sugar and two drams of choice cinamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usuall drinke CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilty to hold the Urine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunke the urine is presently made in great plenty by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reines and the depravation of immoderation of the attractive faculty The externall causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diureticke things and all more violent and vehement exercises The internall causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidneyes and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of morbifick causes by urine The loines in this disease are molested with a pricking and biting pain and there is a continuall unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomacke liver and hollow veine being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidneyes or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certaine death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feedes the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the foure cold seedes for although they may profit by their first quality yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must bee used and such as generate grosse humours as Rice thicke and astringent wine mixed with much water Exceeding cold yea Narcotick things shall be applyed to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kind are oile of white poppy henbain opium purslain and lettuce seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasmes plaisters and ointments may be made fit to corroberate the parts and correct the heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangury THe Strangury is an affect having some affinity with the Diâ—beâ—e as that wherin the water is unvoluntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with paine The externall causes of a strangury are the too abundant drinking of cold water all too long stay in a cold place The internall causes are the defluxion of cold humours into the urenary parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegme gravell and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this discase divers medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therfore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows roses origanum calamint and the like so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oile of bayes and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drinke and that not onely in this cause but also when the Strangury happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a grosse and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethoricke But if inflammation together with a Plethora or fulnesse hath caused this affect wee may according to Galens advice heale it by blood-letting But if obstruction bee in fault that shall be taken away by diuretickes either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speake of the Dysuria or difficulty of making water because the remedies are in generall the same with those which are used in the Ischuria or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholike WHensoever the Guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth if the fault bee in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos miserere mei but if it be in the greate rguts it is called the Cholick from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuity of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the cholicke Gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Cholicke A paine of the Guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colicke how various soever to foure heads to wit to the grossenesse or toughnesse of the humours impact in the coates of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acride and biting humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grossenesse of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmaticke â—ough and viscide meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundry thereof and of sundry kinds be eaten at the same meale and in greater quantity than is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive paine ensues This kind of Cholick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when as any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomacke and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humours and excrements therein conteined are congealed and as it were bound up The Cholicke which is caused by the inflammation of the kidneyes happens by the Sympathy of the reines pained or troubled with the stone or gravell conteined in them or the ureters Therefore then also paine troubles the patient at his hips and loynes because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravell about the joint of the hippe are disseminated into the muscles of the loines and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seeme nothing else but certaine hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patients testicles may seeme to be drawne upwards with much violence Hence great
thought to comfort the stomack and citron seeds to defend the heart from malignity liquerice to smooth the throat and hinder hoarsnesse and cause sweat But these things shall be given long after meat for it is not fit to sweat presently after meat some there bee who would have the child wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot and afterwards hard wrung forth Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges or hot bricks for the same purpose certainly a decoction of millet figges and raisons with some sugar causeth sweat powerfully Neither is it amisse whilest the patient is covered in all other parts of his body and sweats to fan his face for thus the native heat is kept in so strengthened and fainting hindred and a greater excretion of excrementitious humours caused To which purpose you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vinegar water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have cooling faculty this also will keepe the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pocks THe eyes nose throte lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles than the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease with the eye-lids also moistening them with rose-water verjuice or vinegar and a little Camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berbery-seeds pomgranate pills aloe sand a little faffron the juice of sowre pomgranates and the water of the whites of egges dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womans milke mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eyes bee much swolne and red you shall not use repercussives alone but mixe therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these bee tempered with some fennell or eye-bright water Then the patient shall not looke upon the light or red things for feare of paine and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflammation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conducing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tuttye and Antimonie in the water of fennell eye bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put into the nosthrils and outwardly applyed We shall defend the jawes throate and throttle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowre pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths often rouling them up down therein as also by nodula's of the seeds of psilium quinces the like cold astringent things We must provide for the lungs respiration by syrupes of jujubes violets roses white poppyes pomgranats water-lillies and the like Now when as the pocks are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer dier and you must wholly busie your selfe in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and scailing them But for the meazels they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the pocks may bee ripened by annoynting them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallowes lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a paire of sizzers or else bee opened with a golden or silver needle lest the matter conteined in them should corrode the flesh that lyes thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pockholes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dryed up with unguent rosat adding thereto cerusse litharge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the floure of barly and lupines are dissolved or mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annoynted therewith with a fine linnen ragge some annoint them with the swathe of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the floure of barly or lupines or both of them Others mixe crude hony newly taken from the combe with barly floure and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dryed up like a scurfe or scab they annoint them with oyle of roses violets almonds or else with some creame that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicite the patients to scratch whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherfore you shall bind the sick childs hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh mallowes barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it bee already excoriated then shall you heale it with unguent albumcamphorat adding thereto a little powder of Aloes or Cinnabaris or a little desiccativum rubrum But if notwithstnding all your application of repelling medicines pustles neverthelesse break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of Collyria having a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bignes as to break the eies that which somtimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbes If any crusty ulcers arise in the nosthrils they may be dryed and caused to fall away by putting up of oyntments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with hoarsenesse and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarismes made with barly water the waters of plantaine and chervill with some syrupe of red roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arres left in the face if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a paire of sizzers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticatarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccarum excorticat farinae hordei an â„¥ iiii Let them all bee made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith anoynt the face with a feather let it bee wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and Capons grease are good to smooth the roughnesse of the skin as also oile of lillies hares bloud of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plaine as also whiten the Pock-holes
remedies as yet I have had no experience Others prescribe a dram of the seeds of Agnus castus to be drunke with wine and butter Others the powder of river-crabs burnt and drunke in wine Or â„ž gentianaeÊ’ii astacorum flaviatilium in fumo combust in pollinem redact Ê’iii terrae sigill â„¥ ss misce give Ê’i of this same powder in the decoction of river crabs let them drink thereof oft at sundry times Many have cast themselves into the sea neither have they thence had any helpe against madnesse as Ferrand Pozet the Cardinall testifieth in his booke of poysons wherefore you must not relie upon that remedie but rather you must have recourse to such things as are set downe in the books of Physicians and approved by certaine and manifold experience But seeing that no poyson can kill unlesse it be taken or admitted into the body we must not fear any harme by sprinkling our bodies with the sanies of a mad dogge viper toad or any other such like venemous creature if so bee that it be presently wiped or washed cleane away CHAP. XV. What cure must be used to such as feare the water but yet are able to know themselves in a glasse SUch as have not their animal faculty as yet orecome by the malignity of the raging venome must have strong purgations given them Wherefore if in any case Antimonie bee usefull then is it in this as that which causeth sweats looseth the belly and procures vomiting For it is a part of extreme and dangerous madnesse to hope to overcome the cruel malignity of this poyson already admitted into the bowels by gentle purging medicines Assuredly such and so great danger is never overcome without danger Bathes also conduce which may disperse and draw forth the poyson by causing sweats Also many and frequent treacle potions are good to retund the venome and strengthen the bowels also it will be fitting to give them water and all other liquid things which they so much abhorre in a cup with a cover Alwaies let such as are poisoned or bitten or stung by a mad dog or other venemous beast keep themselves in some warme and light place that the poyson which by coldnesse is forced in may be the readilier drawne out by the means of heat and the spirits bee recreated by the brightnesse of the aire and therefore move from the center to the circumference of the body and let the roome be perfumed with sweet things To eat very hot and salt things presently at the beginning as onions leeks all spiced meats and strong wine not allâ—ied seems not to be besides reason because such things by their spirituous heat hinder the diffusion of the poyson over the body and strengthen the filled entrailes There be some also that would have them to feed upon grosse and viscous meats which by obstructing the vessels may hinder the passage of the poyson to the heart and other parts and by the same reason it will be better to fill themselves with meate to satietie than otherwise because the malignity of humours is encreased by hunger than which nothing can be more harmfull to venemous wounds Yet within a short while after as within five or sixe dayes they must returne to a mediocritie and use all things temperate boiled meats rather than roasted and that in a decoction of opening things so to move urine Lastly they must keep such a diet as melancholike persons ought to do neither shall they let bloud lest so the poyson should bee further drawne into the veines but it is good that the patients body be soluble from the very first Let their drinke be wine indifferently allayed with water oxymel simplex or the syrupe of the juice of Citron with boiled water or else this following Julep â„ž succilimonum malorum citri an â„¥ ss suc gran acid â„¥ ii aquae acetosae min. ros an â„¥ i. aq font coct quantum sufficit fiat Julep ut artis est Sleep is to be avoided untill the force of the poyson is abated for by sleep the humours flow back into the bowells All things that resist poyson must bee given any way whatsoever as lemons oranges angelica rootes gentian tormentill burnet vervine carduus benedictus borage buglosse and the like Let all things that are afterwards set before the patient be meats of good juice such as are veale kid mutton partridge pullets capons and the like CHAP. XVI Of the biting of a Viper or Adder and the symptomes and cure thereof THe remedies that were formerly mentioned against the bitings of madde dogges the same may bee used against all venemous bites and stings yet neverthelesse each poyson hath his peculiar antidote Vipers or Adders as we vulgarly terme them have in their gummes or the spaces betwene their teeth little bladders filled with a virulent sanies which is pressed out into the part that they bite with their teeth There forthwith ariseth a pricking paine the part at the first is much swollen and then the whole body unlesse it be hindred grosse and bloody filth sweats out of the wound little blisters rise round about it as if it were burnt the wound gnawes and as it were feeds upon the flesh great inflammation possesseth the liver and the gummes and the whole body becomes very dry becomming of a yellowish or pale colour with thirst unquenchable the bellie is griped by fits a cholericke vomiting molesteth them the stomacke is troubled with a hicketting the patients are taken with often sownings with cold sweate the forerunner of death unlesse you provide by fit medicines for the noble parts before the poyson shall invade them Mathiolus tells that he saw a countrie-man who as he was mowing a meadow by chance cut an Adder in two with his sithe which when he thought it was dead he tooke the one halfe whereon the head remained without any feare in his hand but the enraged creature turning about her head cruelly bit him by one of his fingers which finger as men usually doe especially when as they thinke of no such thing hee put into his mouth and sucked out the blood and poyson and presently fell downe dead When as Charles the ninth was at Montpelier I went into the shop of one Farges an Apothecary who then made a solemne dispensation of Treacle where not satisfying my selfe with the looking upon the vipers which were there in a glasse ready for the composition I thought to take one of them in my hands but whilest that I too curiously and securely handled her teeth which were in her upper jaw covered with a skinne as it were a case to keepe the poyson in the beast catched hold of the very end of my fore-finger and bit me in the space which is betweene the naile and the flesh whence presently there arose great pain both by reason of the part endued with most exquisite sense as also by the malignity of the
as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of rose-Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a
carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carried than Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Saunders Mace Citron pills Rose and Mirtle leaves of each two drammes of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each halfe a dramme of Cinamon and Saffron of each two Scruples of Camphire and Amber Greece of each one scruple of Muske three graines Make thereof a Pomander with Rose water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red Rose leaves the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Saunders Coriander seeds Citron pills of each halfe an ounce of Camphire one dramme let them all bee made into pouder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the winter it is to be made thus take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a Scruple of Cloves Lavander and Cyperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i. Flower-de-Luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber Greece three drams of gum Tragacanth dissolved in Rose water Aquavitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet pouders made of Amber Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoine Muske Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjoram such like of which being mixed together Pouders may be compounded made Take of the rootes of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus red Roses of each halfe an ounce of Cloves halfe a dramme of Storax one dramme of Muske eight graines mixe them and make a pouder for a bagge or take the rootes of Orris two ounces red Rose leaves white Saunders Storax of each one ounce of Cyperus one dram of Calamus Aromaticus one ounce of Marjoram halfe an ounce of Cloves three drammes of Lavander halfe a dramme of Coriander seedes two drammes of good Muske halfe a scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinamon of each two drammes Make thereof a fine pouder and few it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart a bagge filled with yellow Saunders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinckled over with strong vinegar and Rose water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskedine in the Winter These sweet Aromaticke things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principall parts of the body and to stirre up the expulsive faculty to expell the poyson Contrarie-wise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsaile such as are in a pestilent constitution of the aire to receive and take in the stinking and unsavoury vapours of sinkes and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper Bay berries the roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth hindereth putrefaction because it is cold dry therfore in this inanimate bodies as flesh Herbes fruits and many other such like things may be kept a long time without putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldnesse if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtle parts and the spices boyled in it have vertue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtfull to wash his whole body therewith let him wash onely his arme-holes the region of his heart his temples groines parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principall and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following unguent Take oyle of Roses four ounces oyle of Spike two ounces of the pouder of Cinamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of Benzoin halfe an ounce of Muske sixe graines of Treacle halfe a dramme of Venice Turpentine one dramme and a halfe of Waxe as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft unguent You may also drop a few drops of oile of Mastick of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the eares with a little Civet or Muske CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in feare of the Plague VENERY is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakened A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excesse in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very carefull that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custome they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humours into their society Such as have fistulous or otherwise old ulcers must not heale them up in a pestilent season for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sinke of the humors of the body may be emptied The Haemorrhoids bleedings other the like accustomed evacuations must not be stopped unlesse they exceed measure Moreover they must at such times take heed that they touch or handle not any of these things wherein the seedes or fuell of the pestilence may lye hid such as are hempe flaxe quilts and coverings wherein such as have had the plague have laid skins and all leathern things hangings and cloaths You must dwell farre from church-yards especially from those wherein the corps of such as have died of the plague are not buried deep in the ground as in the church of the Innocents in Paris in which place by the same reason it sundry times happens that the buried bodies are plucked up rent and torne by dogs Also let them dwell farre from places of execution shambles of flesh and fish from tanne-houses diers tallow-chandlers cloth-dressers farriers skinners and from the places wherein metals are cast or wrought The filth and dung especially of Swine Privies standing and muddy waters and lastly all things of the like evill smell must be farre remote from your habitation the belly must not bee emptied into those places into which the excrements of such as have the plague are cast The company of such as usually visite those sicke of the plague must be eschewed as of Physitians Apothecaries Surgeons Nurse-Keepers Grave-makers and Bearers For though they have not the plague
that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the Floor or ground of the chamber must bee sprinkled or watered with vinegar and water or strowed with the branches of vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillyes or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of summer hee must abstaine from Fumigations that doe smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they encrease the paine If the patient could goe to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the Bed with thicke or course linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat browne because much and great whitenesse doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth encrease the paine of the head for which cause also the Chamber ought not to bee very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to bee fiers and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits Sweet fiers may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rinde of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin gum Arabick Orris roots Mirrhe grossely beaten together and layd on the burning coals put into a chafing dish Truely the breath or smoake of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt The vertue of the Ash-tree against venome is so great as Pliny testifieth that a serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shaddow of any thing is most great and long but she will runne from it I my selfe have proved that if a circle or compasse bee made with the boughes of an Ash-tree and a fier made in the midst thereof and a serpent put within the compasse of the boughs that the serpent will rather runne into the fire than through the Ash boughes There is also another meanes to correct the Aire You may sprinkle vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay berries Juniper berries Cyperus nuts such like on stones or bricks made red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapour thereof Also fumigations may bee made of some matter that is more grosse and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Ladanum Myrrhe Masticke Rosine Turpentine Storax Olibanum Benzoin Bay berries Juniper berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjoram stamped together and such like Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of waxe or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vinegar of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwaies to be ready at the patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animall spirits may be recreated and strengthened The water following is very effectuall for this matter Take of Orris foure ounces of Zedoarie Spikenard of each sixe drammes of Storax Benzoin Cinamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of old Treacle halfe an ounce bruise them into a grosse pouder and macerate them for the space of twelve houres in foure pound of white and strong wine then distill them in a Limbeck of glasse on hot ashes and in the distilled liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tyed in a linnen cloath or closed in a boxe and so often put unto the nostrills Or take of the vinegar and water of roses of each foure ounces of Camphire sixe graines of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a viall of glasse which the patient may often put unto his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose leaves two pugils of Orris halfe an ounce of Calamus Aromaticus Cynamon Cloves of each two drammes of Storax and Benzoin of each one dramme and a halfe of Cyperus halfe a dramme beat them into a grosse pouder make thereof a Nodula betweene two pieces of Cambricke or Lawne of the bignesse of an hand-ball then let it bee moistened in eight ounces of Rose water and two ounces of Rose vinegar and let the patient smell unto it often These things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Muske nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Feavers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose water vinegar of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of diet in a pestilent disease ought to bee cooling and drying not slender but somewhat full Because by this kinde of disease there commeth wasting of the spirits and exolution of the faculties which inferreth often swouning therefore that losse must be repaired as soone as may be with more quantity of meates that are of easie concoction and digestion Therfore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomacke and fed well dyed Sweet grosse moist and clammy meates and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtle parts are to be avoyded for the sweet do easily take fire and are soone enflamed the moist will putrefie the grosse and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtle parts over-much attenuate the humours and enflame them and doe stirre up hot and sharp vapours into the braine whereof commeth a Feaver Therefore wee must eschew Garlike Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kind of Pulse must also be avoided because they engender grosse winds which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwayes to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this bee their order of diet let their bread bee of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them bee fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested may engender much laudable juice and very little excrementall as are the flesh of Wether-lambs Kids Leverets Pullets Pattridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quailes Blacke-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hennes Pheasants and such like avoyding water-Fowles Let the Flesh be moistened in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Cytrons tart Pomegranates Barberries Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden wild sorrell for all these sowre things are very wholesome in this kinde of disease for they
dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have accustomed to drink Sider Perry Beer or Ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somwhat tart for troubled dreggish drink doth not only engender grosse humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a feaver Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the feaver and represse the putrefaction of the humours and the fiercenesse of the venome and also expelleth the water through the veines if so bee that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weake of stomacke for such must avoyd all tart things Take of faire water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine Sugar foure ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boile them a little and then give the patient there of to drinke Or take of the juice of Lemmons Citrons of each halfe an ounce of juice of soure Pomegranates two ounces of the water of Sorrell and Roses of each one ounce of faire water boyled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julep and use it betweene meales Or take of Sirupe of Lemmons and of red Currance of each one ounce of the water of lillies foure ounces of faire water boyled halfe a pinte make thereof a Julep Ortake of the syrups of water Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrell of faire water one pinte make thereof a Julep But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomacke and cholericke by nature I thinke it not unmeet for him to drinke a full and large draught of fountaine water cold for that is effectuall to restraine and quench the heat of the Feaver and contrariwise they that drinke cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge doe encrease the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therfore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chiefe encrease and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomacke are filled beyond measure and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some doe not drinke so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drinke even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must bee covered with many cloaths and so placed that hee may sleepe and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulnesse and long and great heat sound sleep commeth by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present helpe But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrell and Purslaine made moist or soked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Lemmon or Orange macerated in Rose water sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature given to wine when the state of the Feaver is somewhat past and the chiefe heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wasted spirits The patient ought not by any meanes to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wash his hands and his face for that doth recreate the strength If the fluxe or lask trouble him he may very well use to drinke steeled water and also boyled milke wherein many stones comming red hot out of the fire have beene many times quenched For the drynesse and roughnesse of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the leeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oile of sweete Almonds mixed with a little syrupe of Violets If the roughnesse breed or degenerate into Ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because wee have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water I have here thought good to speake somewhat of the choice and goodnesse of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boile meat and make broaths therewith Many thinke that rain water which falls in summer and is kept in a cisterne well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runnes out of the tops of mountaines through rocks cliffes and stones in the third place they put Well water or that which riseth from the foots of hils Also the river water is good that is taken out of the midst or streame Lake or pond water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitfull of and stored with many venemous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthy nature But of spring and well waters these are to be judged the best which are insipide without smell colour such as are cleare warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner pulse turneps and the like are easily and quickly boyled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have cleer voices and shrill their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to bee used in the Plague NOw we must treate of the proper cure of this disease which must bee used as soone as may be possible because this kinde of poyson in swiftnesse exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to bee pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the Ayre is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humours in the body are soone infected with the vicinity of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease voyd of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent
from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specificke property it defends the heart from poyson as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve keep the heart the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poyson in their whole substance but also because they drive and expell it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scowring and such other kinds of evacuations The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may bee sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantitie than needeth lest it should overthow our nature for whose preservation onely it is used therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at severall times that some portion thereof may daily bee used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venome as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being therto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carryed unto another There are other absolute poisonous which neverthelesse are Antidotes one unto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the prick of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hot and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feaver But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feaver as in the Pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feaver but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire syrupe of Lemons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are stong you may give halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dram The patient ought to walke presently after that hee hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as hee can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to bee infected doe not cease to course and run up and downe untill they have no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many clothes warm brick-bats or tiles applyed to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groines and arme-holes to provoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humours in the Feaver and also to drive forth the malignity in the Pestilence although every sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that hee saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast yet neverthelesse shee died This potion following will provoke sweate Take the roots of China shaved in thinne pieces one ounce and halfe of Guajacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica roots two drams of the shaving of Hats-horne one ounce of Juniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that wil contain sixe quarts put thereto foure quarts of running or river water that is pure and cleare macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae untill the halfe bee consumed which will bee done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leaves of Dictamnus the roots of Tormentill Betony of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wild sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seeds and Divels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Juniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of bole Armenick one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a vial of glasse wel covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the Treacle and cordiall water formerly prescribed are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrell sixe handfuls of Rue one handfull dry them macerate them in vinegar for the space of foure and twenty houres adding thereto foure ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee kept
Clisters and with opening the Cephalicke veine in the arme the arteries of the temples must be opened taking so much bloud out of them as the greatnesse of the Symptomes and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening of an arterie will close and joyne together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of a veine And of such an incision of an artery commeth present helpe by reason that the tensive and sharpe vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious bloud It were also very good to provoke a fluxe of bloud at the nose if nature be apt to exoneâ—ate herselfe that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or bloud flow out at the nostrils mouth or eares it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or picking of the inner sides of the nostrils by pricking with an horse haire and long holding downe of the head The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby hee was freed of a pestilent Feaver which he had before a great sweat rising therewithall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the bloud doe flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands armes and legges must be tyed with bands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arme-holes cupping-glasses must be applyed unto the dugges the region of the liver and spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doune of the willow tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the haires pluckt from the flanke belly or throat of a Hare bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantain and Knot-grasse mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a coole place But if the pain bee nothing mitigated not withstanding all these fluxes of bloud we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose formes are these Take of green Lettuce one handfull flowers of water Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white Poppy bruised of the foure cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisons of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and an halfe of Diacodion make thereof a large potion to be given when they goe to rest Also a Barly-creame may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrell of each two ounces adding thereto sixe or eight graines of Opium of the foure cold seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each halfe an ounce and let the same be boyled in broths with Lettuce and Purslaine also the Pils de Cynoglosso id est Hounds tongue may be given Clisters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water halfe a pinte oyle of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantaine and Purslaine or rather of their juices three ounces of Camphire seven graines and the whites of three egges make thereof a Clister The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the haire being first shaven away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheepes lungs taken warme out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warme Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applyed to the neck and shoulder-blades The armes and legs must be strongly bound being first wel rubbed to divert the sharpe vapours and humours from the head Frontals may also bee made on this manner Take of the oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oyle of Poppy halfe an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram mixe them together Also Nodules may bee made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrakes beaten in Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applyed to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasmes also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince seeds extracted in rose-Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meale foure ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each halfe an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and Purslaine of each two ounces of the water and vinegar of Roses of each three ounces make thereof a Cataplasme and apply it warme unto the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce water-Lillies Henbane Purslaine of each half a pint of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each halfe an ounce oyle of Roses three ounces of Vinegar two ounces of Barly-meale as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid Pultis When the heate of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflammation of the braine asswaged wee must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in paine of the head they doe use to bind the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must bee avoyded CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidnies THe heat of the kidnies is tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galen newly made adding therto the whites of egs wel beaten that so the ointment may keep moyst the longer let this liniment bee renewed every quarter of an houre wiping away the reliques of the old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss sucti plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii aceti ros â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have anointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like cold herbs then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate wrung out againe and often changed the patient shall not lye upon a feather bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaffe of oates or upon a matte with many doubled clothes or Chamelet spread thereon To the region of the heart may in the meane time bee applyed a refrigerating and alexiteriall medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nenupharini â„¥ ii aceti ros aquaerosar an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed together make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth may be applyed to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriacae opt Ê’i ss succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ ss caphurae croci an gra iiii let them bee all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewre or cocke with
growne unto its full ripenesse and bignesse but if presently after the beginning there bee great inflammation with sharpe paine as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles wee must abstaine from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplasticke and clammy because they doe altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter than the part can beare whereof commeth rather corruption than maturation and last of all because they encrease the feaver and pain which inferreth danger of a convulsion or mortall Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate locall medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sorrell roasted under the coales Galens pultis and such like There are many that for feare of death have with their owne hands pulled away the Bubo with a paire of Smithes Pincers others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their owne hand that the venome might have a passage forth of all which I doe not allow one for such abscesses doe not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means encreased and the humour is made more maligne and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relaxe open the pores of the skinne and digest portion of the venome by transpiration as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallowes and Lillies of each sixe ounces of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each halfe a handfull of Linseeds halfe an ounce of the leaves of Rue halfe a handfull boyle them and straine them dip sponges in the straining and therewith let the tumour bee fomented a long time Or Take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with aqua vitae and Cowes milk or Goates milke and the yolks of three egges put them all one stupes or flaxe and apply them warme unto the place Or Take of soure Rie leaven foure ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yolkes of egges oyle of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applyed in like manner Or Take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oyle of Lillies one ounce and an halfe let them be melted and mixed together and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feele and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision knife or an actuall or potentiall Cautery but it is best to be done with a potentiall Cautery unlesse that happely there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venome from beneath unto the superficiall parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her selfe for then it were danger that lest while nature doth worke slowly a venemous vapour should bee stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the braine by the nerves and the liver by the veines should cause a new increase of the venemous infection For feare whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to passe forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity paine a Feaver and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof commeth a maligne ulcer that often degenerats into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter commeth forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while cleansing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumour seeme to sinke in or hide it selfe again it must be revoked and procured to come forth againe by applying of Cupping-glasses with scarification and with sharpe medicines yea and with Cauteries both actuall and potentiall When the Cauteries are applyed it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there may be some passage open for the venome while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French Pocks so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they voyd of any paine that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they doe presently complain of great paine If you suspect that the Bubo is more maligne by reason that it is of a greene or blacke and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholy humour by adustion turned into a grosse and rebellious melancholy humour so that by the more copious influxe thereof into the part there is danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscesse must bee armed with repercussives but not the abscesse it selfe and this may be the forme of the repercussives Take of the juice of house-leeke Purslaine Sorrell Night-shade of each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three egges of oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a halfe stirre them together and apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boyle a Pomgranate in vinegar beat it with Unguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things doe not stop the influxe of other humours the abscesse it selfe and the places about it must bee scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exonerated of portion of the venome may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and naturall heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humours that flow unto it In scarrifying you must have care of the great vessels for feare of an irrepugnable fluxe of bloud which in this case is very hard to bee stayed or resisted both because the part it selfe is greatly inflamed and the humour very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature carefull for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the bloud humour to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the losse of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallowes Lillies and Elicampaine of each one
yolke of an egge Christopher Andrew in his oecoiatria much commendeth dogges dung when as the dogge hath for three dayes before bin fed onely with bones Quinces rosted in embers or boyled in a pot the conserve of cornelian cherries preserved berberies and myrabalans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomack and stay the laske the patient must feed upon good meats and these rather reasted than boiled His drinke shall be chalibeate water of the docoction of a some pomegranate beaten or of the decoction of a quince medlars cervices mulberies bremble berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and waste the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrupe of red currance Julep of roses and the like Let the region of the stomacke and belly be anointed with oile of masticke Moschatelinum myrtles and quinces Also a crust of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and rose water may be profitably applyed or else a cataplasme of red roses sumach berberies myrtles the pulpe of quinces mastick bean flower and hony of roses made up with calibeate water Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing glysters shall bee injected These following retund the acrimony of humours and asswage paine â„ž fol. lactuc. hyosc acetos portul an m. i. flor violar nenuph. an p i. fiat decoctio ad lb i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul Ê’vi olei rosat nenuph. an â„¥ iss fiat clyster Or else â„ž ros rub hord mund sem plant an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura adde olei ros â„¥ ii vitel ovor ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis Capi crur. vitellin capit vervicin una cum pelle lb ii in qua coquantur fol. violar malv. mercur plantag an m i. hord mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major an â„¥ ss in colaturae lb ss dissolve cass recenter extract â„¥ i. ol viol â„¥ iv vitellor ovor ii sach rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž flor chamaem melil aneth an p i. rad bismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturae adde mucag. sem lin foenugr extract in aqua malv. â„¥ ii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei cham aneth an â„¥ iss vitellor ovor ii fiat clyster Such glysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate paine When shavings of the guts appeare in the stooles it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then wee must use detergent and consolidating glysters as this which followes â„ž hordei integr p ii ros rub flor chamoem plantag apii an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve mellis rosat syr de absinth an â„¥ iss vitel ovor ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinod portulac nu â„¥ ii bol armen sang dracon amyl an Ê’i sebi hircini dissoluti Ê’iii fiat clyster Also cowes milke boyled with plantaine and mixed with syrupe of roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plant polygon an m i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in colatura adde boli arm terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’ii albumina duor ovor fiat clyster Or else â„ž suc plant arnoglos centinod portulac residentia facta depuratorum quantum sufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armeni terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’i ol myrthin rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of pomegranate pills of cypresse nuts red rose leaves sumach alome and vitrioll made with smithes water and so made into glysters without any oyle It will bee good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly Astringent glysters ought not to bee used before that the noxious humours bee drawne away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient bee so weake that hee cannot take or swallow any thing by mouth nutritive glysters shall be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis cruris vitulini coct cum acetosa buglosso boragine pimpinella lactuca â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitellos ovorum num iii. sacchari rosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recentis non saliti Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration THe pestilent malignity as it is oft times drawne by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft times it is sent forth invisibly the same way againe For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humours attenuated into vapours and aire through the unperceivable breathing places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumours and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft times resolved and discussed by the onely efficacy of nature and heate without any helpe of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalent may free it self from the pestilent malignity by Transpiration some Abscesse Bubo or Carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certaine part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerfull and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when as the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must bee cured after another order than is yet described The Nurse of the sucking childe must governe her selfe so in dyet and the use of medicines as if she were infected with the pestilence her self Her dyet consisteth in the use of the six things not naturall Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in dyet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milke and so unto the infant who liveth onely by the milke And the infant it selfe must keep the same diet as neere as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoyding of superfluous humours and excrements of the body Let the Nurse bee fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the feaverish heat as cooling brothes cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholy abstaine from wine and anoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the infant sucke with water or juice of sorrell tempered with sugar of roses But the infants heart must bee fortified against the violence of the encreasing venome by giving it one scruple of treacle in the Nurses milke the broth of a pullet or some other cordiall water It is also very necessary to anoint the region of the heart the emunctories and both the wrests with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle
dissolved in rose water vinegar of roses and a little aqua vitae that so nature may bee strengthened against the malignity of the venome When the children are weaned and somewhat well growne they may take medicines by the mouth for when they are able to concoct and turne into bloud meats that are more grosse and firm than milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve graines of treacle dissolved with a little of the syrupe of succory in some cordiall water or the broth of a capon unlesse that any had rather give it with conserve of roses in forme of a bole but treacle must bee given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humours it inferre a feaver Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a capon seasoned with sorrell lettuce purslaine and cooling seeds adding thereto bole armenick and terra sigillata of each one ounce being tyed in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For bole armenicke whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this vertue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it cureth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may bee cured by physick so that those that cannot be cured with bole armenick cannot bee preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warme moist and vaporous they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of parsly seeds prunes figs and the roots of sorrell with a little of the powder of Harts horne or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply spunges dipped pressed out in the hot decoction of sage rosemary lavender bayes chamomil melilote and mallowes or else swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction to the arme-holes and to the groines In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to coole them Also let a nodule of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses bee appled to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftentimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venome being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet cordiall things applyed to the nostrils nature must bee recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may bee better able to expell the venome After that the sweat is wiped away it is very profitable to take a potion of conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts horne or of Ivorie dissolved in the waters of Buglosse and Sorrel the better to coole and defend the heart If there appeare any tumour under the arme-holes or in the groine let it bee brought to maturation with a mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or Cataplasme alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the tender age of the infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubarbe in powder one dram infuse it in the water of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrupe of Roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the cure of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Feaver as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my selfe by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortall men injoy the true and certaine preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The End of the Twentie second Booke OF THE MEANES AND MANNER TO REPAIRE OR SUPPLY THE NATURALL or accidentall defects or wants in mans body THE TWENTIE THIRD BOOKE CHAP. I. How the losse of the naturall or true eye may bee covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Bookes of tumours wounds ulcers fractures and luxations by what meanes things dissolved and dislocated might bee united things united separated and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remaines that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgian which is to supply or repaire those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by an inflammation any mans eye happen to be broken or put out the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroak or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eye yet you may cover the deformity of the eye so lost which is all you can doe in such a case by this meanes If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eye artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightnesse or gemmie decencie of the naturall eye into the place of the eye that is so lost The formes of eyes artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other meanes cannot weare this eye so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiar of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eare-wiars made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behinde above the eare unto the greater corner of the eye this rod or wiar must be covered with silke and it must also be somewhat broad at both the ends lest that the sharpenesse thereof should pierce or pricke any part that it commeth unto But that end wherewith the empty hollownesse must be covered ought to bee broader than the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eye that is lost may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a string or wiar The forme of an iron wiar wherewith the deformity of an eye that is lost may bee shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what meanes a part of the nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole nose is cut off from the face or
and exulcerating pessaries Often times also nature avoides all the juice of the whole body critically by the wombe after a great disease which fluxe is not rashly or sodainely to be stopped That menstruall blood that floweth from the wombe is more grosse blacke and clotty but that which commeth from the necke of the wombe is more cleere liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choice of such meats and drinkes as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtle parts so they are stopped by such meates as are cooling thickening astringent and stipticke as are barly waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fryed or sodden with sorrell purslaine plantaine shepheards purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a harts horne burned washed and taken in astringent water will stoppe all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites corall beaten into most subtle powder and drunke in steeled water also pappe made with milk wherein steele hath often times been quenched and the floure of wheat barly beanes or rice is very effectuall for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Juleps are to be used of steeled waters with the syrupe of dry roses pomegranates sorrell myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to bee avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must choose grosse and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially venereous exercises anger is to bee avoided a cold aire is to be chosen which if it be not so naturally must bee made so by sprinkeling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat bee then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a veine in the arme cupping glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painfull frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood the body must bee purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarbe Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrupe of roses CHAP. LVII Of locall medicines to bee used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate fluxe of the tearmes and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may bee the forme of an unguent ℞ ol mastich myrt an ʒii nucum cupres olibani myrtil an ʒii succi rosar rubr ℥ i. pulv mastichin ℥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat an ʒss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made ℞ aq plantag rosar rubrar bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressi gallar non maturar an ʒii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an ʒi make thereof a decoction and inject it with a syringe blunt pointed into the wombe lest if it should be sharpe it might hurt the sides of the necke of the wombe also snailes beaten with their shells and applied to the navell are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coals and incorporated with the powder of myrtills and bole armenick and put into the necke of the wombe are marvellous effectuall for this matter The forme of a pessary may be thus ℞ gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar ʒii ammo ʒss sang dracon pul rad symphyt sumach mastich succi acaciae cornu cer ust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an ʒi caphur ℈ ii mixe them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grasse syngreen night-shade henbane water lillies plantaine of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loines thighes and genitall parts but if this immoderate flux doe come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the necke of the wombe let the place be anointed with the milke of a shee Asse with barly water or binding and astringent mucelages as of psilium quinces gumme trugacanth arabicke and such like CHAP. LVIII Of womens fluxes or the Whites BEsides the forenamed fluxe which by the law of nature happeneth to women monethly there is also another called a womans fluxe because it is onely proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continuall distillation from the wombe or through the wombe comming from the whole body without paine no otherwise than when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reines or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertaine seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the wombe it differeth from the menstruall fluxe because that this for the space of a few dayes as it shall seeme convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this womans fluxe yeeldeth impure ill juice sometimes sanious sometimes serous and livide otherwhiles white and thicke like unto barly creame proceeding from flegmaticke blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore wee see women that are flegmaticke and of a soft and loose habite of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites And as the matter is divers so it will staine their smockes with a different colour Truely if it bee perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought that it commeth by erosion or the exolution of the substance of the vessels of the wombe or of the necke thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to bee menstruall for some other cause for then in stead of the monethly fluxe there floweth a certaine whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the colour of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholy humour and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the wombe But often times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the wombe deceiveth the unskilfull Chirurgian or Physitian but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the necke of the wombe cannot have copulation with a man without paine CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the whites consisteth in the proper weaknesse of the wombe or else in the uncleannesse thereof and sometimes by the
so that every part being rounded and encompassed with these sharpe and dangerous prickes hee cannot be hurt And so saves himselfe by this tricke for his young he provides in this manner In the time of Vintage he goes to the vines and there with his feete hee strikes off the boughs and the grapes and then rowling his body makes them sticke upon his prickles and so doth as it were take his burthen upon his backe and then returnes to his hole you would thinke that the grapes did move of themselves the prey hee devides betweene himselfe and his young Of the affection of Birds and of Dogges towards their Masters THe young Storke provides for the old which is disabled by age and if any one of their equalls come to any mischance that hee is not able to flie they will give him their assistance and beare him on their backes and wings And therefore this affection and piety towards the old ones and as it were brotherly love towards their equalls is commended in the Storke The Henne in any kinde of danger gathers her chickins under her wings and as it were with that guard defends them as well as shee can For their sake shee exposeth her selfe to the crueltie of the fiercest beasts and will flie in the eyes of a dogge a Wolfe or a Beare that by chance offers to meddle with her chickins But who is there that doth not admire the fidelitie and love of dogges towards their Masters whereby they recompence them for their keeping A dogge will never forsake his Master no if he be never so hardly used For there is no man can finde a sticke hard enough to drive that dogge cleane away from him which hath once taken a love to him There is no kinde of creature that doth more certainely and readily remember his master hee will know the voice of all the household and of those which frequent the house There cannot bee a trustier keeper as Cicero himselfe saith than a Dogge is I speake not of their faculty of smelling whereby they follow their Masters by the foote and finde them neither doe I speake of those infinite examples of the fidelity of Dogges which were too long to rehearse Pidgeons as well the Cocke as the Henne although they are all very venereous yet they know no adultery yea and the Henne will beare with the frowardnesse of the Cocke neither will she ever leave him but reconciling him unto her by her officious diligence bring him to his wonted dalliance and kisses neither is the love of either of them lesse towards their young There is the like mutuallbond of love betweene Turtles for if one of them die the surviver never solicites Hymen more neither will he ever chuse other seate than a dry withered bough Of the strength piety docilitie clemency chastity and gratitude of Elephants AMong the beasts of the field there is none more vaste more strong or more to bee feared than the Elephant His strength is sufficiently showne by those towered Castles of armed men which hee carries and fiercely rusheth with into the battell The Romane souldiers being otherwise of undaunted spirit yet in that battell which they fought against Antiochus being terrified with the vastnesse and immanity of these bodies which they had never before seene presently turned their backes and fled which notwithstanding it is a wonderfull thing what stories naturall Philosophers tell of the vertues of the Elephant Plinie writeth that an Elephant commeth very neere to the understanding that men have and that hee hath a rude kinde of knowledge of language that his facilitie and obsequiousnesse is wonderfull that his memory in the performance of his wonted duties is no lesse wonderfull And for Religion Plutarch saith that they pray unto the gods and sprinckle and purge themselves with salt water and that with great reverence they worship the Sunne at his rising lifting their trunkes up towards heaven for want of hands Plinie addeth that they doe with the like reverence worship the Moone and the Starres For it is related in the Histories of the Arabians that at a new Moone the Elephants goe by troupes downe unto the rivers and there wash themselves with water and being thus purged kneele downe and worship the Moone and then returne to the woodes the eldest going first and the other following after according to their age Of the Lamprey LEast that the heat of affection may seeme to lie quenched under the waters let us by one example it were an infinite thing to speake of all see in what kinde of mutuall love the creatures of the water come short of those of the land The Lamprey of all the creatures of this kinde doth worthily beare the praise for its pietie towards those of whom it was generated its affection towards those that are generated of her for first she breeds egges within her which in a short time after are spauned But shee doth not as soone as her young ones are formed and procreated bring them straight way forth into the light after the manner of other fishes that bring forth their young alive but nourisheth two within her as if shee brought forth twice and had a second broode These she doth not put forth before they are of some bignesse then she teacheth them to swimme and to play in the water but suffers them not to goe farre from her and anon gapes and receives them by her mouth into her bowells againe suffering them to inhabite there and to feede in her belly so long as shee thinkes fit That Savage or brute beasts may bee made tame THevet reporteth that the Emperour of the Turkes hath at Caire it was once called Memphis and at Constantinople many savage beasts kept for his delight as Lions Tigers Leopards Antilopes Camels Elephants Porcupines and many other of this kinde These they use to leade about the citie to shew The masters of them are girt with a girdle hung about with little bells that by noise of these bells the people may be forewarned to keepe themselves from being hurt by these beasts But in hope of reward and of gifts they shew them to Embassadours of strange nations before whom they make these beasts doe a thousand very delightfull trickes and in the interim they play their countrey tunes and musicke upon their pipes and other instruments and make many sports in hope of gaine That Fishes also may be tamed BVt it is far more wonderfull that the creatures of the water should be made tame and be taught by the Art of man Among which the chiefest are held to be the Eele The same things also are reported of the Lamprey For wee have it recorded that Marcus Crassus had a Lamprey in his Fish-poole that was so tame and so well taught that he could command her at his pleasure Therefore as a domesticall and tame beast he gave her a name by which when he called her she would come And
Sanguine as if they were of bloud alone Wherefore if any Tumors resemble the nature of one simple humor truely they are not of any naturall humor but from some humor which is corrupt vitiated and offending in quality for so bloud by adustion degenerates into choler and melancholy Therefore a true Phlegmon is defined by Galen A tumor against nature of laudable bloud flowing into any part in too great a quantity This tumor though most commonly it be in the flesh yet sometimes it happens in the bones as Hippocrates and Galen witnesse A Phlegmon is made and generated thus when bloud flowes into any part in too great a quantity first the greater veines and arteries of the affected part are filled then the middle lastly the smallest and capillary so from those thus distended the bloud sweats out of the pores and smal passages like dew and with this the void spaces which are between the simular parts are first filled then with the same bloud all the adjacent parts are filled but especially the flesh as that which is most fit to receive defluxions by reason of the spongious rarity of its substance but then the nerves tendons membranes and ligaments are likewise stuffed full whereupon a Tumor must necessarily follow by reason of the repletion which exceeds the bounds of nature and from hence also are tension and resistance and paine also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternaturall heate And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilest it suppurates because the veines arteries and nerves are much pained being they are not onely heated within by the influxe of the fervide humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the paine comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetuall motion of their Systole diastole whilest they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating paine Hereunto adde the Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater neede to seeke refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Aire wherefore they must as of necessitie have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen an agitation of the arteries painefull and sensible to the Patient himselfe for otherwise as long as we are in health we doe not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsiâ—icke paine in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heate and aboundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their Systole and Diastole and the compression and streightning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent parts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in paine Hence they commonly say that in the part aflected with a Phlegmon they feele as it were the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heate in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilest it flowes more plentifully into the part is as it were troden or thrust downe and causes obstruction from whence necessarily followes alprohibition of transpiration and a putrifaction of the bloud by reason of the preternaturall heate But the Phlegmon lookes red by reason of the bloud contained in it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skinne CHAP. VIII Of the causes and signes of a Phlegmon THe causes of a Plegmon are of three kindes for some are primitive some antecedent and some conjunct Primitive are falls conâ—usions straines immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veines The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signes of a Plegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heate paine pulsation especially while it suppurates rednesse and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scyrrhus or a Tumor like a Scyrrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangren that is when the facultie and native strength of the part affected is overwhelmed by the greatnesse of the deflxion as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgion ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon THe Chirurgion in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himselfe foure intentions The first of Diet This because the Plegmon is a hot affect and causes a feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the sixe thingsnot naturall that is aire meat and drinke motion and rest sleepe and waking repletion and inanition and lastly the passions of the minde Therefore let him make choise of that aire which is pure and cleere not too moist for feare of defluxion but somewhat coole let him command meates which are moderately coole and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be brothes not to fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrell and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all spices and also of Garlicke and Onions and all things which heate the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drinke small wine and much alaied with water or if the feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly and sweet almonds or water and sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custome of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies waxe hot by motion but let him chiefely have a care that hee doe not exercise the part possessed by the plegmon for feare of a new defluxion Let his sleepe be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleepe by day specially presently aâ—er meate Let him have his belly soluble if not by nature then by art as by the frequent use of glisters and suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstaine from
is no marvaile if great Inflammations bring with them Tertian Feavers or Agues which have their fit every third day for it is called anIntermitting Tertian which comes every other day The Primitive causes in generall are strong exercises especially in the hot Sunne the use of heating and drying either meats or medicines great abstinence joyned with great labour care sorrow the antecedent causes are the plenty of choler in the body an hot and dry distemperature either of the whole body or of the liver onely the conjunct cause is the putrefaction of the Cholericke humor lying in some plenty without the greater vessells in the habit of the body The signes a shaking or shivering like as when we have made water in a cold winter morning a great pricking stretching or stiffnesse as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reasoÌ„ of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly violently over all the body the sensible membranous Nervousparticles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heate becomes acride the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quicke and equall the tongue dry the urine yellowish red and thin The Symptomes are watchings thirst talking idlely anger disquietnesse tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholericke young men such as are leane in Summers after the fit oft times follow cholericke vomiting yellowish stooles After the fit there followes an absolute intermission reteining no reliques of the Feaver untill the approach of the following fit because all the cholericke matter by the force of that fit nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity facillity whereas in Quotidians there is no such thing as which after the fit alwaies leave in the body a sense seeling of a certaine inequality by reason of the stubbornesse of the Phlegmatick humor dulnesse to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 houres although at sometime it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unlesse there be some error committed by the Physition Patient or such as attend him Tertians in summer are shorter in winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanied with stiffenesse or stretching the state with sweate whereupon if the nose lips of mouth breake forth into pimples or scabbes it is a signe of the end of the Feaver and of the power of nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habite of the body yet these pimples appeare not in the declining of all Tertians but onely then when the Cholericke humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the stomacke or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion therof carryed by the continuation of the inner coate to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the sixe things not naturall that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrell Gourds Cowcumbers Mallowes Barly Creames Wine much a laid with water thinne small and that sparingly and not before signes of concoction shall appeare in the urine for at the beginning he may not use wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the patient on that day the fit is expected hee must eate nothing for three houres before the fit lest the aguish heate lighting on such meaâ—s as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heate to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbisicke humor yet wee may temper the severity of this law by having regard to the strength of the patient for it will be convenient to feed a weake patient not onely before the fit but also in the fit it selfe but that onely sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrine Myrobalanes Syrupes of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinâ—ger But if the powers of the Patient languish hee must not onely not be purged but also must not draw blood too plenteously because Cholericke men soone faint by reason of the facile and casie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to tertian Feavers doe not commonly abound with blood unlesse it be with Choleticke blood which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as worke by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats vomite or urine by reason of the subtlety of the Cholericke humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient glysters made with a docoction of Prunes jujubes Violets branne and Barly will profit much If the patient fall into a Delirium or talke idlely by reason of the heate and drynes of the head with a particular excesse of the Cholericke humor the head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and forehead and putting into the nose oyle of Violets Roses or womans milke Let the feete and legs be bathed in faire and warme water and the soles of the feet be anoynted with oyle of Violes and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willowes Lettuce and other refrigerating things boyled in faire water may be profitablely used three houres after meat eaten sparingly But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in generall that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmnesse of the bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordaines a bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and grosse no evacuation going before Also it will be good after generall purgations to cause sweate by drinking White wine thinne and well tempered with water but urine by decoction of Smallage and Dill Certainely sweate is very laudable in every putride Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler
divers times done with good successe But if it cannot be so done it will be better to put to your hand than through idlenesse to suffer the patient to remaine in imminent and deadly danger of strangling yet in this there must very great caution be used for the Chirurgeon shall not judge the Vvula fit to be touched with an instrument or caustick which is swolne with much enflamed or blacke blood after the manner of a Cancer but hee shall boldly put to his hand if it be longish grow small by litle and litle into a sharpe loose soft point if it be neither exceeding red neither swolne with too much blood but whitish and without paine Therefore that you may more easily and safely cut away that which redounds and is superfluous desire the patient to sit in a light place and hold his mouth open then take hold of the top of the Vvula with your sizers and cut away as much thereof as shall be thought unprofitable Other-wise you shall binde it with the instrument here under described the invention of this instrument is to be ascribed to Honoratus Tastellanus that diligent and learned man the Kings Physition in ordinary and the chiefe Physition of the Queene mother Which also may be used in binding of Polypi and warts in the necke of the Wombe The Deliniation of constrictory rings fit to twitch or binde the Columella with a twisted thred A. Shewes the ring whose upper part is some-what hollow B. A double waxed thred which is couched in the hollownesse of the ring and hath a running or loose knot upon it C. An iron rod into the eye whereof the fore-mentioned double thred is put and it is to twitch the Columella when as much thereof is taken hold of as is unprofitable and so to take it away without any fluxe of blood When you would straiten the thred draw it againe through this iron rod and so straine it as much as you shall thinke good letting the end of the thred hang out of the mouth But every day it must be twitched harder than other untill it fall away by meanes thereof and so the part and patient be restored to health I have deliniated three of these instruments that you may use which you will as occasion shall be offered A Figure of the Speculum oris by which the mouth is held and kept open whilest the Chirurgion is busied in the cutting away or binding the Vvula But if an eating ulcer shall associate this relaxation of the Vvula together with a fluxe of blood then it must be burnt and seared with an hot iron so thrust into a Trunke or Pipe with an hole in it that no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunke with a hole in the side with the hot iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy THe Squinancy or Squinzy is a swelling of the jawes which hinders the entring of the ambient aire into the weazon and the vapours and spirit from passage forth and the meate also from being swallowed There are three differences thereof The first torments the patient with great paine no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the morbificke humor lyes hid behinde the almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the necke so that it cannot be perceived unlesse you hold downe the tongue with a spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the rednesse and tumor there lying hid The patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow downe meate nor drinke his tongue likes Gray-hounds after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so hee may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drownd in his jawes and nose he cannot lye upon his backe but lying is forced to fit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drinke flyes out at his nose the eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orbe Those which are thus affected are often suddainely suffocated a foame rising about their mouthes The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appeares inwardly but litle or scarse any thing at all outwardly the tongue Glandules and jawes appearing some what swollen The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but litle inwardly The Causes are either internall or externall The externall are a stroake splinter or the like things sticking in the Throat or the excesse of extreme cold or heat The internall causes are a more plentifull defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the braine which participate of the nature either of blood choler or flegme but seldome of Melancholy The signes by which the kinde and commixture may be knowne have beene declared in the generall treatise of tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is lesse apparent within and without That is lesse dangerous which shewes it selfe outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meate nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelue houres others in two foure or seven daies Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these dayes they are suppurated but also often times this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux of the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Empyema proceeds and into other principall parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of Resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physition shall draw blood by opening a veine and the patient use fitting Gargarismes A Criticall Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling downe of the humor upon the throtle by which the passage of the breath is sodainely shut up Brothes must be used made with Capons and Veale seasoned with Lettuce Purslaine Sorrell and the cold seeds If the Patient shall be some what weake let him have potched Egges and Barly Creames the Barly being first boiled with Raisons in water and Sugar and other meates of this kinde Let him be forbidden wine in stead where of he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinkes made of water and Hony or water and Sugar as also the Syrupes of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrell and Limons and others of this kinde Let him avoide too much sleepe But in the meane time the Physition must be carefull of all because this disease is of their kinde which brooke no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the veine under the tongue be opened let cupping-Glasses
be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the necke and shoulders and let frictions and painefull Ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawne away by glisters and sharpe suppositories Whilest the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent gargarismes to hinder the defluxion of the humor least by its suddaine falling downe it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitions care and diligence not withstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a gargarisme â„ž Pomorum silvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the halfe adding thereunto of the wine of soure Pomegranats â„¥ iiij of diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a litle more boyled and make a gargle according to arte And there may be other Gargarismes made of the waters of Plantaine Night-shade Verjuice Iulep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmaticke Alume Pomgranate pill Cypresse nuts and a litle Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives where by the externall parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the patient if he swallow speake and breathe more freely if he sleepe quietly and the paine begin to be much aswaged Therefore then natures endeavor must be helped by applying resolving medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seeme to turne into Pus Therefore let gargarismes be made of the roots of March-Mallowes Figgs Iujubes damaske Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarismes of Cowes milke with Sugar by oyle of sweete Almonds or Violets warme for such things helpe forward suppuration and aswage paine let suppurating cataplasmes be applyed outwardly to the necke and throate and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistened with oyle of Lillyes When the Physition shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscesse opened with a crooked and long incision knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with clensing gargles as â„ž Aquae hordej lib. ss mellis ros syr rosar sic an â„¥ j. fiag gargarisma Also the use of aenomel that is wine and Hony will be fit for this purpose The ulcer being clensed by these means let it be cicatrized with a litle roch-Alume added to the former gargarismes The Figure of an incision knife opened out of the hafte which serves for a sheath thereto CHAP. IX Of the Bronchocele or Rupture of the throate THat which the French call Goetra that the Greeks call Bronchocele the Latines Gutturis Hernia that is the Rupture of the throate For it is a round tumor of the throate the matter wherof comming from within outwards is conteined betweene the skin and weazon it proceeds in weomen from the same cause as an Aneurisma But this generall name of Bronchocele undergoes many differences for sometimes it retaines the nature of Melicerides other whiles of Steatom'as Atheroma's or Aneurisma's in some there is found a fleshy substance having some small paine some of these are small others so great that they seeme almost to cover all the throatt some have a Cyste or bagge others have no such thing all how many so ever they be and what end they shall have may be knowne by their proper signes these which shall be cureable may be opened with an actuall or potentiall cautery or with an incision knife Hence if it be possible let the matter be presently evacuated but if it cannot be done at once let it be performeed at diverse times and discussed by fit remedies and lastly let the ulcer be consolidated and cicatrized CHAP. X. Of the Pleurisie THe Pleurisie is an inflammation of the membrane investing the ribbes caused by subtile and cholericke bloud springing upwards with great violence from the hollow veine into the Axygos and thence into the intercostall veines is at length powred forth into the emptie spaces of the intercostall muscles and the mentioned membrane Being contained there if it tend to suppuration it commonly infers a pricking paine a Feaver and difficulty of breathing This suppurated bloud is purged and evacuated one while by the mouth the Lungs sucking it and so casting it into the Weazon and so into the mouth otherwhiles by urine and sometimes by stoole But if nature being too weake cannot expectorate the purulent blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest the disease is turned into an Empyema wherefore the Chirurgion must then be called who beginning to reckon from below upwards may make a vent betweene the third and fourth true and legitimate ribs that must be done either with an actuall or potentiall cautery or with a sharpe knife drawne upwards towards the backe but not downwards lest the vessells should be violated which are disseminated under the rib This apertion may be safely and easily performed by this actuall caurtry it is perforated with foure holes through one whereof there is a pin put higher or lower according to the depth manner of your incision then the point thereof is thrust through a plate afiron perforated also in the midst into the part designed by the Physition lest the wavering hand might peradventure touch and so hurt the other parts not to be medled withall This same plate must be somewhat hollowed that so it might be more easily fitted to the gibbous side and bound by the corners on the contrary side with foure strings Wherefore I have thought good here to expresse the figures thereof The Figure of an actuall cantery with its plate fit to be used in a pleurisie But if the patient shall have a large body Chest and ribs you may divide and perforate the ribs themselves with a Trepan howsoever the apertion be made the pus or matter must be evacuated by little and litle at severall times and the capacity of the Chest clensed from the purulent matter by a detergent injection of vj ounces of Barly water and â„¥ ij hony of Roses and other the like things mentioned at large in our cure of wounds CHAP. XI Of the Dropsie THe Dropsie is a Tumor against nature by the aboundance of a waterish humor of flatulencies or Phlegme gathered one while in all the habite of the body otherwhiles in some part and that especially in the capacity of the belly betweene the Peritonaeum and entrailes From this distinction of places and matters there arise divers kinds of Dropses First that Dropsie which fils that space of the belly is either
moist or dry The moist is called the Ascites by reason of the similitude it hath with a leather bottle or Borachio because the waterish humor is contained in that capacity as it were in such a vessell The dry is called the Tympanites or Timpany by reason the belly swolne with winde sounds like a Tympanum that is a Drum But when the whole habit of the body is distended with a Phlegmaticke humor it is called Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia In this last kinde of Dropsie the lower parts first swell as which by reason of their site are more subject to receive defluxions and more remote from the fountaine of the native heate wherefore if you presse them downe the print of your finger will remaine sometime after the patients face will become pale and puffed up whereby it may be distinguished from the two other kinds of Dropsie For in them first the belly then by a certaine consequence the thighes and feet doe swell There are besides also particular Dropsies contained in the strait bounds of certaine places such are the Hydrocephalos in the head the Bronchochele in the throat the Pleurocele in the Chest the Hydrocele in the Scrotum or Cod and so of the rest Yet they all arise from the same cause that is the weaknesse or defect of the altering or concocting faculties especially of the liver which hath beene caused by a Scyrrbus or any kinde of great distemper cheifly cold whether it happen primarily or secondarily by reason of some hote distemper dissipating the native and inbred heate such a Dropsie is uncureable or else it comes by consent of some other higher or lower part for if in the Lungs Midriffe or Reines there be any distemper or disease bred it is easily communicated to the gibbous part of the Liver by the branches of the hollow veine which runne thither But if the mischiefe proceed from the Spleene Stomacke Mesentery Guts especially the Iejunum and Ileum it creeps into the hollow side of the Liver by the meseraicke veines and other branches of the Vena porta or Gate-veine For thus such as are troubled with the Asthma ptisicke Spleene Iaundise and also the Phrensie fall into a Dropsie Lastly all such as have the menstruall or haemorrhoidall bloud suppressed or too immoderatly flowing contrary to their custome either overwhelmes diminisheth or extinguisheth the native heate no otherwise than fire which is suffocated by too great a quantity of wood or dieth and is extinguished for want thereof We must looke for the same from the excrements of the belly or bladder cast forth either too sparingly or too immoderatly Or by too large quantity of meates too cold and rashly devoured without any order To conclude by every default of externall causes through which occasion error may happen in diet or exercise The Ascites is distinguished from the two other kinds of Dropsies both by the magnitude of the efficient cause as also by the violence of the Symptomes as the dejected appetite thirst and swelling of the Abdomen And also when the body is moved or turned upon either side you may heare a sound as of the jogging of water in a vessell halfe full Lastly the humor is diversely driven upwards or downewards according to the turning of the body and compression of the Abdomen It also causeth various Symptomes by pressure of the parts to which it floweth For it causeth difficultie of breathing and the cough by pressing the Midriffe by sweating through into the capacity of the Chest it causeth like Symptomes as the Empyema Besides also the Patients often seeme as it were by the ebbing and flowing of the waterish humor one while to be carryed to the skies and another whiles to be drowned in the water which I have learnt not by reading of any author but by the report of the patients themselves But if these waterish humors be fallen downe to the lower parts they suppresse the excrements of the Gutts and bladder by pressing straitning the passages When the patient lies on his backe the tumor seemes lesse because it is spread on both sides On the contrary when hee stands or sits it seemes greater for that all the humor is forced or driven into the lower belly whence hee feeles a heavines in the Pecten or share The upper parts of the body fall away by defect of the bloud fit for nourishment in quality and consistence but the lower parts swell by the flowing downe of the Serous and watrish humor to them The pulse is little quicke and hard with tention This disease is of the kinde of Chronicall or long diseases wherefore it is scarce or never cured especially in those who have it from their mothers wombe who have the Action of their Stomacke depraved and those who are cachecticke old and lastly all such as have the naturall facultie languishing and faultie On the contrary young and strong men especially if they have no Feaver and finally all who can endure labour and those exercises which are fit for curing this disease easily recover principally if they use a Physition before the water which is gathered together doe putrifie and infect the bowells by its contagion CHAP. XII Of the cure of the Dropsie THe beginning of the cure must be with gentle and milde medicines neither must we come to a Paracentesis unlesse we have formerly used and tried these Therefore it shall be the part of the Physition to prescribe a drying diet and such medicines as carry away water both by stoole and urine Hippocrates ordaines this powder for Hydropicke persons â„ž Canthar ablatis capitib alis â„¥ ss Comburentur in furno fiat pulvis of which administer two graines in white wine for nature helped by this and the like remedies hath not seldome beene seene to have cured the dropsie But that we may hasten the cure it will be availeable to stirre up the native heate of the part by application of those medicines which have a discussing force as bagges baths ointments and emplaisters Let bagges be made of drie and harsh Bran Oates Salt Sulphure being made hot or for want of them of Sander or Ashes often heated The more effectuall baths are salt nitrous and sulphurous waters whether by Nature or Art that is prepared by the dissolution of Salt niter and Sulphur to which if Rue Marjarom the leaves of Fennell and tops of Dill of Staechas and the like be added the businesse will goe better forwards Let the ointments be made of the oyles of Rue Dill Baies and Squills in which some Euphorbium Pellitory of Spaine or Pepper have beene boyled Let plaisters be made of Franckinsence Myrrhe Turpintine Costus Baiberies English galengall hony the dung of Oxen Pigeons Goats Horses and the like which also may be applied by themselves If the disease continue we must come to Synapismes and Phoenigmes that is to rubrifying and vesicatory medicines When
the blisters are raised they must be annointed againe that so the water may by little and little flow so long untill all the humor be exhausted and the patient restored to health Galen writes the Husbandmen in Asia when they carried wheat out of the country into the city in Carrs when they will steale away and not be taken hidde some stone juggs fild with water in the middest of the wheat for that will draw the moisture through the juggs into it selfe and increase both the quantitie and weight When certaine pragmaticall Physitions had read this they thought that wheat had force to draw out the water so that if any sicke of the Dropsie should be buried in a heape of wheat it would draw out all the water But if the Physition shall profit nothing by these meanes he must come to the exquisitely chiefe remedy that is to Paracentesis Of which because the opinions of the ancient Physitions have beene divers we will produce and explaine them Those therefore which disallow Paracentesis conclude it dangerous for three reasons The first is because by powring out the contained water together with it you dissipate and resolve the spirits and consequently the naturall vitall and animall faculties another opinion is because the Liver wanting the water by which formerly it was borne up thence forward hanging downe by its weight depresseth and draweth downewards the Midriffe and the whole Chest whence a drie cough and a difficulty of breathing proceede The third is because the substance of the Peritonaeum as that which is nervous cannot be pricked or cut without danger neither can that which is pricked or cut be easily agglutinated and united by reason of the spermatique and bloudlesse nature thereof Erasistratus moved by these reasons condemned Paracentesis as deadly also he perswaded that it was unprofitable for these following reasons viz. because the water powred forth doth not take away with it the cause of the Dropsie and the distemper and hardnesse of the Liver and of the other bowels whereby it comes to passe that by breeding new waters they may easily againe fall into the Dropsie And then the feaver thirst the hot and drie distemper of the bowels all which were mitigated by the touch of the included water are aggravated by the absence thereof being powred forth which thing seemeth to have moved Avicen and Gordonius that he said none the other said very few lived after the Paracentesis but the refutation of all such reasons is very easie For for the first Galen inferres that harmefull dissipation of spirits and resolving the faculties happens when the Paracentesis is not diligently and artificially performed As in which the water is presently powred forth truly if that reason have any validity Phlebotomy must seeme to be removed farre from the number of wholesome remedies as whereby the bloud is powred forth which hath farre more pure and subtile spirits than those which are said to be diffused and mixed with the Dropsie-waters But that danger which the second reason threatens shall easily be avoided the patient being desired to lie upon his backe in his bed for so the Liver will not hang downe But for the third reason the feare of pricking the Peritonaeum is childish for those evils which follow upon wounds of the nervous parts happen by reason of the exquisite sence of the part which in the Peritonaeum ill affected and altered by the contained water is either none or very small But reason and experience teach many nervous parts also the very membranes themselves being farre removed from a fleshie substance being wounded admit cure certainely much more the Peritonaeum as that which adheres so straitly to the muscles of the Abdomen that the dissector cannot separate it from the flesh but with much labour But the reason which seemes to argue the unprofitablenesse of the Paracentesis is refelled by the authority of Celsus I saith he am nor ignorant that Erasistratus did not like Paracentesis for he throught the Dropsie to be a disease of the Liver and so that it must be cured and that the water was in vaine let forth which the Liver being vitiated might grow againe But first this is not the fault of this bowell alone and then although the water had his originall from the Liver yet unlesse the water which staieth there contrary to nature being evacuated it hurteth both the Liver and the rest of the inner parts whilest it either encreaseth their hardnesse or at the least keepeth it hard and yet notwithstanding it is fit the body be cured And although the once letting forth of the humor profit nothing yet it make way for medicines which while it was there contained it hindered But this serous salt and corrupt humor is so farre from being able to mitigate a Feaver and thirst that on the contrary it encreaseth them And also it augmenteth the cold distemper whilest by its abundance it overwhelmes and extinguisheth the native heate But the authority of Caelius Aurelianus that most noble Phisition though a Methodicke may satisfie Avicen and Gordonius They saith he which dare avouch that all such as have the water let out by opening their belly have died doe lie for we have seene many recover by this kind of remedy but if any died it happened either by the default of the slow or negligent administration of the Paracentesis I will adde this one thing which may take away all error of controversies we unwisely doubt of the remedy when the patient is brought to that necessity that we can onely helpe him by that meanes Now must we shew how the belly ought to be opened If the Dropsie happen by fault of the Liver the section must be made on the left side but if of the Splene in the right for if the patient should lie upon the side which is opened the paine of the wound would continually trouble him and the water running into that part where the section is would continually droppe whence would follow a dissolution of the faculties The Section must be made three fingers bredth below the Navell to wit at the side of the right muscle but not upon that which they call the Linea Alba neither upon the nervous parts of the rest of the muscles of the Epigastrium that so we may prevent paine and difficulty of healing Therefore wee must have a care that the patient lie upon his right side if the incision be made in the left or on the left if on the right Then the Chirurgion both with his owne hand as also with the hand of his servant assisting him must take up the skinne of the belly with the fleshie pannicle lying under it and separate them from the rest then let him divide them so separated with a Section even to the flesh lying under them which being done let him force as much as hee can the devided skinne upwards towards the stomacke that when the wound which
must presently be made in the flesh lying there under shall be consolidated the skinne by its falling therein may serve for that purpose then therefore let him divide the musculous flesh and Peritonaum with a small wound not hurting the Kall or Guts Then put into the wound a trunke or golden or silver crooked pipe of the thicknesse of a Gooses-quill and of the length of some halfe a finger Let that part of it which goes into the capacity of the belly have something a broad head and that perforated with two small holes by which a string being fastened it may be bound so about the body that it cannot be moved unlesse at the Chirurgions pleasure Let a spunge be put into the pipe which may receive the dropping humor and let it be taken out when you would evacuate the water but let it not be powred out all together but by little and little for feare of dissipation of the spirits and resolution of the faculties which I once saw happen to one sicke of the Dropsie He being impatient of the disease and cure thereof thrust a Bodkin into his belly and did much rejoyce at the powring forth of the water as if he had bin freed from the humor and the disease but died within a few houres because the force of the water running forth could by no meanes be staied for the incision was not artificially made But it will not be sufficient to have made way for the humor by the meanes aforementioned but also the externall orifice of the pipe must be stopped and strengthened by double cloathes and a strong ligature least any of the water flow forth against our wills But we must note that the pipe is not to be drawne out of the wound before as much water shall be issued forth as we desire the tumor requireth for once drawne forth it cannot easily be put in againe and without force paine be fitted to the lips of the wound because the skin and fleshy pannicle cover it by their falling into the wound of the flesh or muscle But whilest the water is in evacuation we must have a diligent care of feeding the Patient as also of his strength for if that faile and he seeme to be debilitated the effusion of the water must be staied for some dayes which at the length performed according to our desire the wound must be so consolidated that the Chirurgion beware it degenerate not into a Fistula The Figure of a Pipe informe of a Quill to evacuate the water in Dropsies Others performe this businesse after another manner for making an incision they thrust through the lipps of the wound with a needle and threed but they take up much of the fleshie substance with the needle least that which is taken up should be rent and torne by the forcible drawing of the lippes together Then the threed it selfe is wrapped up and downe over both ends of the needle so thrust through as is usually done in a hare-lippe that so the lippes of the wound may so closely cohere that not a drop of water may get out against the Chirurgions will Sometimes such as are cured and healed of the Dropsie fall into the Iaundise whom I usually cure after this manner â„ž sterc anser Ê’ij dissolve it in â„¥ iij vini alb coletur make a Potion and let it be given two houres before meate CHAP. XIII Of the tumor and relaxation of the Navell THe Exomphalos or swelling of the Navell is caused by the Peritonaeum either relaxed or broken for by this occasion oft-times the Guts and oft-times the Kall fall into the seat of the Navell and sometimes superfluous flesh is there generated otherwise this tumor is as an Aneurisma by too great a quantity of bloud powred forth in that place otherwise by a flatulent matter and sometimes by a waterish humor If the humor be occasioned by the Kall the part it selfe will retaine his proper colour that is the colour of the skinne the tumor will be soft and almost without paine and which will reside without noise either by the pressure of your fingers or of it selfe when the Patient lieth on his backe but the tumor caused by the guts is more unequall and when it is forced in by the pressure of your fingers there is such a noise heard as in the Enterocele but if the tumor proceede of superfluous flesh it will be harder and more stubborne not easily retiring into the body although the Patient lie upon his backe and you presse it with your fingers The tumor is softer which proceeds of winde but which will not retire into the body and sounds under your naile like a taber If the swelling be caused by a waterish humor it hath all things common with the flatuous tumor except that it is not so visible and without noise If it be from effusion of bloud it is of a livid colour but if the effused bloud shall be arteriall then there are the signes of an Aneurisme Wherefore when the tumor is caused by the Guts Kall Winde or a waterish humour it is cured by Chirurgery but not if it proceede from a fleshie excrescence or suffusion of bloud The tumor of the Navell proceeding from the Kall and Guts the Patient must lie upon his backe to be cured and then the Kall and Guts must with your fingers be forced into their due place then the skinne with which the tumor is circumscribed must be taken up with your fingers and thrust through with a needle drawing after it a double twined and strong threed then it must be scatified about the sides that so it may be the easier agglutinated Then must it be thrust through with a needle three or foure times according to the manner and condition of the distention and tumor And so twitch it strongly with a threed that the skinne which is so bound may at length fall off together with the ligatures But also you may cut off the skinne so distended even to the ligature and then cicatrize it as shall be fit A flatulent tumor of the Navell shall be cured with the same remedies as we shall hereafter mention in the cure of a windy rupture but the watery may be powred forth by making a small incision And the wound shall be kept open so long untill all the water be drained forth CHAP. XIIII Of the Tumors of the Groines and Codds called Herniae that is Ruptures THe ancient Phisitions have made many kindes of Ruptures yet indeede there are onely three to be called by that name that is the Intestinalis or that of the guts the Zirbalis or that of the kall and that which is mixed of them both The other kindes of Ruptures have come into this order rather by similitude than any truth of the thing for in them the Gut or Kall doe not forsake their places The Greekes have given to all these severall names
a certaine violent impetuosity which on every side pressing and bending the loosenesse of the Peritonaeum yea verily adjoyning themselves to it in processe of time by a firme adhesion intercept the passage and falling downe of the Gut or Kall which may seeme no more abhorring from reason than that we behold the loadstone it selfe through the thicknesse of a table to draw iron after it any way The same Chirurgion affirmed that he frequently and happily used the following medicine Hee burnt into ashes in an Oven red Snailes shut up in an earthen pot and gave the powder of them to little children in pappe but to those which were bigger in broath But we must despaire of nothing in this disease for the cure may happily proceede in men of full growth as of fortie yeare old who have filled the three demensions of the body as this following relation testifies There was a certaine Priest in the Parish of Saint Andrewes called Iohn Mâ—ret whose office it was to sing an Epistle with a loud voice as often as the solemnitie of the day and the thing required Wherefore seeing he was troubled with the Enterocele he came to me requiring helpe saying he was troubled with a grievous paine especially then when he stretched his voice in the Epistle The Figure of a man broken on the side wearing a Trusse whose bolster must have three Tuberosities two on the upper and one on the lower part and there must be a hollownesse betweene them in the middest that they may not too straitly presse the sharchone and so cause paine The manner of such a Trusse I found out not long agoe and it seemed better and safer than the rest for to hinder the falling aowne of the Gut and Kall A. Shewes the shoulder band which is tied before and behinde to the girdle of the Trusse B. The Trusse C. The Cavitie left in the midst of the Tuberosities When I had seene the bignesse of the Enterocele I perswaded him to get another to serve in his place so having gotten leave of M. Curio Clearke and Deacon of Divinity he committed himselfe unto me I handled him according unto Art and commanded him he should never goe without a Trusse and he followed my directions When I met him some five or sixe yeares after I asked him how he did he answered very well for he was wholy freed from the disease with which he was formerly troubled which I could not perswade my selfe of before that I had found that hee had told mee the truth by the diligent observation of his genitals But some sixe moneths after he dying of a Pleurisie I came to Curio's house where hee died and desired leave to open his body that I might observe whether nature had done any thing at all in the passage through which the gut fell down I call God to witnesse that I found a certaine fatty substance about the processe of the Peritonaeum about the bignesse of a little egge and it did sticke so hard to that place that I could scarce pull it away without the rending of the neighbouring parts And this was the speedy cause of his cure But it is most worthy of observation and admiration that Nature but a little helped by Art healeth diseases which are thought incurable The chiefe of the cure consists in this that we firmerly stay the gut in its place after the same manner as these two Figures shew Another Figure of a man having a Rupture on both sides shewing by what meanes what kinde of Trusse and what shoulder-band he must be bound on each groine A. Sheweth the shoulder-band divided in the middest for the putting through of the head B. The Trusse with two bolsters betweene which is a hole for putting through the yard The forme of both bolsters ought to be the same with the former In the meane time we must not omit diet We must forbidde the use of all things which may either relaxe dilate or breake the processe of the Peritonaeum of which I have already treated sufficiently Sometimes but especially in old men the guts cannot be restored into their place by reason of the quantity of the excrements hardened in them In this case they must not be too violently forced but the Patient must be kept in his bed and lying with his head low and his knees higher up let the following Cataplasmes be applied â„ž rad alth lil ana â„¥ ij seminis lini foenug an â„¥ ss sol malva viol parietan m. ss Let them be boiled in faire water afterwards beaten and drawne through a searse adding thereto of new Butter without falt and oyle of Lillies as much as shall suffice Make a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid pultis Let it be applied hot to the Codde and bottome of the belly by the helpe of this remedy when it had beene applied all night the guts have not seldome beene seene of themselves without the hand of a Chirurgion to have returned into their proper place The windinesse being resolved which hindered the going backe of the excrements into another gut whereby they might be evacuated and expelled But if the excrements will not goe backe thus the flatulencies yet resisting and undiscussed an emollient and carminative Clyster is to be admitted with a little Chymicall oyle of Turpentine Dill Iuniper or Fennill Clysters of Muscadine oyle of Wallnuts and Aqua vitae and a small quantitie of any the aforesaid oyles are good for the same purpose It often happens that the guts cannot yet be restored because the processe of the Peritonaeum is not wide enough For when the excrements are fallen downe with the gut into the codde they grow hard by little and little and encrease by the accesse of flatulencies caused by resolution which cause such a tumor as cannot be put up through that hole by which a little before it fell downe whereby it happens that by putrifaction of the matter there contained come inflammations and a new accesse of paine and lastly a vomitting and evacuation of the excrements by the mouth being hindered from the other passage of the fundament They vulgarly call this affect Miscrere mei That you may helpe this symptome you must rather assay extreame remedies than suffer the Patient to die by so filthy and loathsome a death And we must cure it by Chirurgery after this manner following We will binde the Patient lying on his backe upon a Table or Bench then presently make an incision in the upper pard of the codde not touching the substance of the guts then we must have a silver Cane or Pipe of the thicknesse of a Goose quill round and gibbous in one part thereof but somewhat hollowed in the other as is shewed by this following Figure The Figure of the Pipe or Cane We must put it into the place of the incision and put it under the production of the Peritonaeum being cut together with the codde all the
cannot suffer straight binding such are the Throat Belly as also all parts oppressed with paine For the part vexed with paine abhorreth binding The use thereof is to hold to locall Medicines It is performed with a Rowler which consists some whiles of one some whiles of more heads All these Rowlers ought to be of linnen and such as is neither too new nor too old neither too course nor too fine Their breadth must be proportionable to the parts to which they shall bee applyed the indication of their largenesse being taken from their magnitude figure and site As wee shall shew more at large in our Tractates of Fractures and Dislocations The Chirurgion shall performe the first scope of curing Wounds which is of preserving the temper of the Wounded part by appointing a good order of Diet by the Prescript of a Physition by using universall and locall Medicines A slender cold and moyst Diet must be observed untill that time be passed wherein the patient may be safe and free from accidents which are usually feared Therefore let him bee fed sparingly especially if he be plethorick he shall abstaine from salt and spiced flesh and also from wine If he shall be of a Cholerick or Sanguine nature In steed of wine he shall use the decoction of Barly or Liquerice or Water and Sugar He shall keepe himselfe quiet for rest is in Celsus opinion the very best Medicine Hee shall avoyde Venery Contentions Brawles Anger and other perturbations of the mind When hee shall seeme to bee past danger it will bee time to fall by little and little to his accustomed maner of diet and life Vniversall remedies are Phlebotomies and purging which have force to divert and hinder defluxion wherby the temper of the part might be in danger of change For Phlebotomy it is not alwayes necessary as in small wounds and bodies which are neither troubled with ill humours nor plethoricke But it is onely required in great wounds where there is feare of defluxion paine Delirium Raving and unquietnesse and lastly in a body that is Plethoricke and when the joynts tendons or nerves are wounded Gentle purgations must bee appointed because the humours are moved and inraged by stronger whence there is danger of defluxion and inflammation wherefore nothing is to be attempted in this case without the advice of a Physition The Topick and particular Medicines are Agglutinative which ought to be indued with a drying and astrictive quality whereby they may hold together the lips of the wound and drive away defluxion having alwayes regard to the nature of the part and the greatnesse of the disease The Simple Medicines are Glibanum Alâ—es Sarcocolla Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata Sanguis Draconis Common and Venice Turpentine Gumme Elemni Plantane Horse-tayle the greater Comfery Farina Volatilis and many other things of this kind which wee shall speake of hereafter in our Antidotary The fifth scope of healing wounds is the Correction of those Symptomes or Accidents which are accustomed to follow wounds which thing verily makes the Chirurgion have much to doe For he is often forced to omit the proper cure of the disease so to resist the accidents and symptomes as bleeding paine inflammation a feaver convulsion palsie talking idly or distraction and the like Of which wee shall treat briefly and particularly after we have first spoken of Sutures as much as we shall thinke fitting for this place CHAP. VI. Of Sutures WHen Wounds are made alongst the thighes Legs and armes they may easily want Sutures because the solution of continuity is easily restored by Ligatures but when they are made overthwart they require a Suture because the flesh and all such like parts being cut are drawne towards the sound parts whereby it comes to passe that they part the further each from other wherefore that they may be joyned and so kept they must be sowed and if the wound be deepe you must take up much flesh with your needle for if you onely take hold of the upper part the wound is onely superficially healed but the matter shut up and gathered together in the bottome of the wound will cause abscesses and hollow Vlcers Wherefore now wee must treate of making of Sutures The first called Interpunctus leaves the distance of a fingers breadth and therfore is fit for the greene wounds of the fleshy parts which cannot be cured with a Ligature and in which no heterogeneous or strange body remaines It is performed after this manner You must have a smooth needle with a threed in it having a three square point that so it may the better enter the skin with the head of it some what hollowed that the threed may lie therein for so the needle will the better goe through You must also have alittle pipe with a hole or window in the end which you must hold and thrust against the lip of the wound that it bee not moved to the one side or other whilest you thrust thorough the needle And that wee may see thorough that window when the needle is thrust thorough and also draw it together with the threed and withall hold the lip of the wound in more firmly that it follow not at the drawing forth of the needle and threed Having thus pierced the lips of the wound tie a knot neere to which cut off the threed least that if any of it bee left below the knot it may so stick to the Emplasters that it cannot be plucked and separated from them without paine when they are taken off But you must note the first stitch must be thrust through the midst of the wound and then the second must be in that space which is betweene the midst and one of the ends but when you have made your stitches the lips of the wound must not be too closely joyned but a little space must be left open betweene them that the matter may have free passage forth and the inflammation and paine may be avoyded otherwise if they shall be closely joyned together without any distance betweene a tumor after arising when the matter shall come to suppuration the lips will be so much distended that they may easily be broken by the stifnesse of the threed But you must neither take hold of too much nor too little flesh with your needle for too little will not hold and too much causeth paine and inflammation And besides leaves an ill favoured scarre Yet in deepe wounds such as are those which are made in the thicker Muscles the needle must be thrust home that so it may comprehend more of the fleshy substance least the thred drawne away by the weight of the flesh not taken hold of may bee broken But oft times wounds are seene made in such places as it will be needfull the Chirurgion should have a crooked needle and pipe otherwise the Suture will not succeede according to his desire Wherefore I have thought good to set forth both
Convulsion and the sound by a Palsie otherwhiles both of them by a convulsion or Palsie and somewhiles the one of them by a convulsion or Palsie the other being free from both affects the causes of all which belong not to this place to explaine Thus much Dalechampius CHAP. XII A Conclusion of the deadly signes in the Wounds of the head NOw that we may returne to our former discourse you may certainely foretell the patient will dye when his reason and judgement being perverted hee shall talke idly when his memory failes him when he cannot governe his tongue when his sight growes darke and dimme his eares deafe when he would cast himselfe headlong from his bed or else lyes therein without any motion when he hath a continnuall feaver with a delirium when the tongue breakes out in pustles when it is chopt and become blacke by reason of too much drynesse when the wound growes dry and casts forth little or no matter when as the colour of the wound which was formerly fresh is now become like salted flesh yellow and pale when the Vrine and other excrements are supprest when the Palsie convulsion apoplexie and lastly often sowning with a small and unequall pulse invade him All such signes sometimes appeare presently after the wound otherwhiles some few dayes after therefore when as the braine is hurt and wounded by the violence of the incision or fissure of the contusion compression puncture concussion or any other fracture the forementioned signes appeare presently in the first dayes but when they doe not appeare till many dayes after the blow you may know that they rise and appeare by reason of an inflammation and phlegmon in the braine occasioned by the putrefaction of the blood poured forth upon it But we must observe this by the way which also belongs to the prognostickes that flesh is easily regenerated and restored in all parts of the head except in that part of the forehead which is a little above that which lyes betweene the eye-browes so that it will be ulcerated ever after and must be covered with a plaister I beleeve that in that place there is an internall cavity in the bone full of ayre which goes to the sive-like bones of the nose by which the growth of flesh may be hindered or else that the bone is very dense or compact in that place so that there can scarse sufficient juice sweat forth which may suffise for the regeneration of flesh adde hereunto a great confluxe of excrements flowing to this ulcer which should otherwise bee evacuated by the eyes and nose which hinder by that meanes the drynesse of the ulcer and consequently the healing thereof Hence certainely it comes to passe that if you desire the patient thus affected to breathe shutting his mouth and nose the ayre or breath will come forth of the ulcer with such force as it will easily blow forth a lighted candle of an indifferent bignesse held thereto Which thing I protest I observed in a certaine man whom I was forced to trepan in that place by reason the bone of the forehead was broken and depressed CHAP. XIII Of salutarie signes in wounds of the head BVt on the contrary these are salutary signes when the patient hath no feaver is in his right minde is well at the application or taking of any thing sleepes well hath his belly soluble the wound lookes with a fresh and lively colour casts forth digested and laudible matter the Crassa Meniux hath its motion free and no way hindered Yet we must note which also is observed by the Ancients and confirmed by experience that we must thinke none past danger and free from all chance untill the hundreth day be past Wherefore the Physitian ought so long to have a care of his patient that is to consider how he behaves and governes himselfe in meate drinke sleepe venerie and other things But let the Patient diligently avoyd and shunne cold for many when they have beene cured of wounds of the head by carelesse taking cold have beene brought into danger of their lives Also you must know that the Callus whereby the bones of the scull are knit together requires almost the space of fortie or fifty dayes to its perfect coagmentation and concretion Though in very deed one cannot set downe a certaine number of dayes by reason of the variety of bodies or tempers For it is sooner finished in young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for prognostickes Now will we treat as breefely and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in generall and particular wherefore beginning with the generall we will first prescribe a convenient diet by the moderate use of the sixe things not naturall CHAP. XIIII Of the generall cure of a broken scull and of the Symptomes usually happening thereupon THe first cure must bee to keepe the patient in a temperate aire and if so bee that it bee not such of it selfe and its owne proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a cleare fire made in his chamber lest the smoake cause sneesing and other accidents and the windowes and doores must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold ayre and winde All the time the wound is kept open to bee drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coales or a heated Iron barre over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heate may passe thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing ayre may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heate For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an enemie to the Braine Bones Nerves and spinall marrow it is also hurtfull to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest doe not onely hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the braine not only in the time of Trepaning but also afterwards For there can no greater nor more certaine harme befall the fractured scull than by admitting the aire by such as are unskilfull For if the ayre should be hotter than the braine then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the braine should be layd open to the ayre in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated and unlesse it were releeved with hot things take harme this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have their sculls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatnesse of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets clothes and rowlers as is fit if the ayre chance to be more hot than the patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willowes and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shunne the too cold ayre unlesse also you
cured like other wounds of the fleshy parts of our bodies But if it be compound as many wayes as it is complicate so many indications shew themselves In these the chiefest care must bee had of the more urgent order and cause Therefore if the wound shall be simple and superficiary then the haire must first bee shaven away then aplaister applied made of the white of an egge bole Armenicke and Aloes The following day you must apply Emplastrum de Ianua or else de gratia Dei untill the wound be perfectly healed But if it be deeper and penetrate even to the Pericranium the Chirurgion shall not doe amisse if at the second dressing he apply a digestive medicine as they call it which may be made of Venice Turpentine the yolkes of egges oyle of Roses and a little saffron and that shall be used so long untill the wound come to maturation for then you must adde honey of Roses and Barly floure to the digestive Hence must we passe to these medicines into whose composition no oyly or unctious bodies enters such as this â„ž Terebinth venetae â„¥ ij syrupi rosar â„¥ j. anÊ’ss Let them all be incorporated and made into an unguent which shall be perfectly regenerated then it must bee cicatrised with this following powder â„ž an.Ê’j. Misceantur simul fiat puluis but if the wound be so large that it require a suture it shall have so many stitches with a needle as need shall seeme to require Whilest I was at Hisdin a certaine soldier by falling of the earth whilest he undermined had the Hairy scalpe so pressed downe even to the Pericranium and so wholy separated from the beginning of the hinde part of his head even to his forehead that it hung over his face I went about the cure in this manner I first washt all the wound with wine a little warmed that so I might wash away the congealed blood mixed with the earth then I dryed it with a soft linnen cloth and laid upon it Venice Turpentine mixed with a little Aqua Vitae wherein I had dissolved some Sanguis Draeconis Mastich and Aloes then I restored the hanging skinne to its former place and there stayed it with some stitches being neither too strait 〈◊〉 nor too close together for feare of paine and inflammation which two chiefely happen whilest the wound comes to suppuration but onely as much as should serve to stay it on every side and to keepe forth the ayre which by its entrance doth much harme to wounds the lower sides of the wound I filled with somewhat long and broad tents that the matter might have passage forth Then I applyed this following cataplasme to all the head â„ž farinae bord fabarum an â„¥ vj. rosatiÊ’iij aceti quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis this hath a faculty to dry coole repell mitigate paine and inflammation and stay bleeding I did not let him bood because hee had bled much especially at certaine arteries which were broken neere his temples he being dressed after this manner grew well in a short time But if the wound bee made by the biting of a wilde beast it must bee handled after another manner as shall appeare by this following history As many people on a time stood looking upon the Kings Lyons who were kept in the Tilt-yard at Paris for the delight of King Henry the second and at his charges it happened that one of the feircest of them broke the things wherein he was tyed and leaping amongst the company he with his pawes threw to the ground a Girle of some twelve yeeres old and taking her head in his mouth with his teeth wounded the musculous skinne in many places yet hurt not the scull She scarse at length delivered by the Master of the Lyons from the jawes of Death and the Lyon was committed to the cure of Rowland Claret Chirurgion who was there present by chance at the sametime some few dayes after I was was called to visite her she was in a feaver her head shoulders brest and all the places where the Lyon had set his teeth or nailes were swolne all the edges of the wounds were livide and did flow with a watrish acride virulent cadaverous darke greene and stinking matter so that I could scarse endure the smell thereof she was also opprest with pricking biting and very great paine which I observing that old saying came into my minde which is That all wounds made by the bitings of beasts or of men also doe somewhat participate of poyson Wherefore there must principally great care bee had of the venenate impression left in the wounds by the nailes and teeth and therefore such things must bee applyed as have power to orecome poison Wherefore I scarrifyed the lips of the wounds in divers places and applyed Leaches to sucke out the venenate blood and ease the inflammation of the parts then I made a Lotion of Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate after the following manner â„ž Mithrid â„¥ j theriac â„¥ ij agyptiac â„¥ ss dissolvantur omnia cum aqua vitae Cardui ben Let the wounds be fomented and washed with it warme besides also Treacle and Mithâ—idate were put in all the medicines which were either applyed or put into the wound and also of the same with the conserves of Roses and Buglosse dissolved in the water of Sorrell and Carduus benedictus potions were made to strengthen the heart and vindicate it from maligne vapours For which purpose also this following Epithema was applyed to the region of her heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub pulveris spodij an â„¥ j. Mithridatij theriacae an Ê’ij ijcrociÊ’ j. dissolve them altogether make an Epitheme and apply it to the heart with a scarlet cloth or spunge and let it bee often renued Verily she drest after this manner and the former remedies but once used paine inflammation and all the maligne symptomes were much lessened to conclude shee recovered but lingred and was leane some two yeares after yet at lengh she was perfectly restored to her health and former nature By which you may understand that simple wounds must be handled after another manner than these which have any touch of poison But now that we may prosecute the other affects of the hairy scalpe say that it is contused with a blow without a wound that which must bee first and alway done that so the affect may better appeare and the remedies which are applyed may take more effect the haire must be shaven away and at the first dressing a repelling medicine applyed such as is this following Oxyrhodinum â„ž ol ros â„¥ iij. album ovorum nu ij an.Ê’j. Let them be all incorporated and make a medicine for the formeruse or in steed thereof you may apply the cataplasme prescribed before consisting of
and livers of young cockes as also figges and raisons But if the patient at length begin to loathe and grow weary of boyled meates then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed onely on the inner part thereof and that moystned in rose water the juice of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranats Let him abstainefrom salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergoe in shunning the rockes beaten upon by the waves Asses milke newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennell that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in thestomacke or womans milke sucked from the dug by the patient to the quantity of halfe a pint is much commended verily womans milke is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good remper and habite of body For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomacke and ulcers of the Lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Asse be fed with barly oates oakeleaves but if the patient chance to bee troubled with the fluxe of the belly you shall make the milke somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching there in pebble stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses milke such shall abstaine from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heate and rumbling in the Hypochondria and paine of the head Let the patient temper his wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce purslaine and water-lillies but with much buglosse water both for that it moystens very much as also for that it hath a specificke power to recreate the heart whose solide substance in this kinde of disease is greivously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctious bathes epithemes clysters Inunctions are divers according to the various indication of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen annoints all the spine with cooling moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should bee letted the heate would become more acride by suppressing the vapours Oyle of roses water lillies Quinces the mucilages of Gumme tragacanth and arabicke extracted in water of night shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little waxe if neede require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be annoynted with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I meane things which moderately coole for cold is hurtfull to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motion of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyle of Violets willowes of the seeds of lettuce poppyes water-lillyes mixing with them the oyle of sweete almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldnesse But you must have great care that the Apothecarie for covetousnesse in steed of these oiles newly made give you not old rancide and salted oiles for so in steed of refrigerating you shall heate the part for wine honey and oyle acquire more heate by age in defect of convenient oyles we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is to coole humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening and morning chiefely after a bath Now for Bathes we prescribe them either onely to moysten and then plaine warme water wherein the flowers of Violets and water lillyes willow leaves and barly have beene boyled will be sufficient or else not onely to moysten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habite and then you may adde to your bath the decoction of a sheepes head and Gather with some butter But the patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomack that so the nourishment may be drawne by the warmenesse of the bath into the whole habite of the body for otherwise he which is sicke of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomacke empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heate of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements backed in the guts by the hecticke drynesse then let him eate to his dinner some solide meats about nine of the clocke and let him about foure of the clocke eate somewhat sparingly meates of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup of some chicken broth or barly creame or else two reare egges tempered with some rose water and sugar of roses in steed of salt Some 4. or 5. hours after let him enter into the bath these things which I have set downe being observed When he comes out of the â—ath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloathes and annointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleepe it he can for two or three houres in his bed when he wakes let him take some Prisan or some such like thing and then repeate his bath after the foresayd manner He shall use this bath thrice in ten dayes But if the patient be subject to crudities of the stomacke so that hee cannot sit in the bath without feare of sowning and such symptomes his stomacke must be strengthened with oyle of Quinces Wormewood and Mastich or else with a crust of bread tosted and steeped in muskedine and strewed over with the powders of Roses Sanders and so layd to the stomacke or behinde neare to the thirteenth vertebra of the backe under which place Anatomie teaches that the mouth of the stomacke lyes Epithemes shall be applyed to the liver and heart to temper the too acride heate of these parts and correct the immoderate drynesse by their moderate humidity Now they shall be made of refrigerating and humecting things but chiefely humecting for too great coldnesse would hinder the penetration of the humidity into the part lying within The waters of Bug losse and Violets of each a quarterne with a little white wine is convenient for this purpose But that which is made of French barly the seedes of gourds pompions or Cowcumbers of each three drams in the decoction and mixed with much tempering with oyle of Violets or of sweete almonds is most excellent of all other Let clothes be dipped and steeped in such epithemes and layd upon the part and renued as oft as they become hot by the heate of the part And because in hecticke bodies by reason of the weakenesse of the digestive facultie many excrements are usually heaped up
beaten with some salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the paine and inflammation but if it bee applyed when the skinne is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endevour to gainesay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physicke which sayes that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirme that Onions according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moyst therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skinne by their actuall moysture whereby it comes to passe that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heate and so hinder the breaking forth of pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases alwayes healed by their contraryes saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceede from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and stricktly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicines good to hinder the rising of blisters such is new horse-dung fryed in oyle of wall-nuts or Roses and applied to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in oyle of nuts and beaten with a little salt Also quinched lime poudered and mixed with Vnguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anoynted upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thicke Vernish which pollishers or sword cutlers use But if the paine be more vehement these medicines must be renewed 3 or 4 times in a day and a night so to mittigate the bitternes of this paine But if so be we cannot by these remedyes hinder the rising of blisters then we must presently cut them as soone as they rise for that the humor contayned in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimonie that it eates the flesh which lyeth under it so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes increase of matter the inflamation groweth greater not only for nine daies as the common people prattle but for farre longer time also some whiles for lesse time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethoricke and you have speedily resisted the paine and heate by fit remedyes When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and hamective medicins as of greases oyles butter with a little basilicon or the following oyntment â„ž Mucagin psillij cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua parietariae olei lilliorum â„¥ iiss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as unguentum album camphoratum desiccativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Venegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol depapaver â„¥ iiss ung populeon â„¥ iiij camphoraeÊ’j fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or oyle of Egges tempered in a Leaden mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh butter without salt and some yolkes of egges hard roasted Or. â„ž Butyri recent fine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqualplantag vel rosar â„¥ ss tutkiae similiter lotae Ê’iij plumbi usti loti Ê’ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sambuc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul ceruss tuthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguent molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicines may alwayes be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seeme to require The following remedies are fit to asswage paine as the mucilages of Line seedes of the seedes of Psilium or Flea-wort and quinces extracted in rosewater or faire water with the addition of a little camphire and least that it dry too speedily adde thereto some oyle of Roses Also five or sixe yoalkes of egges mixed with the mucilages of Line seede the seede of Psilium and quinces often renewed are very powerfull to asswage paine The women which attend upon the people in the Hospitall in Paris doe happily use this medicine against burnes â„ž Lard conscisilibram unam let it be dissolved in Rosewater then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it foure times with the water of hen-bane or some other of that kinde then let it be incorporated with eight yolkes of new layd egge and so make an oyntment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kindes of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a peice of Tiffany least you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a course cloath and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicines easily enter in Also you must have a care when the eyelids lippes sides of the fingers necke the armepits hammes and bending of the elbow are burnt that you suffer not the parts to touch one the other without the interposition of some thing otherwise in continuance of time they would grow and sticke together Therefore you shall provide for this by fit placing the parts and putting soft linnen ragges betweene them But you must note that deepe combustions and such as cause a thicker Eschar are lesse painefull than such as are but onely superficiary The truth hereof you may perceive by the example of such as have their limbes cut off and seared or cauterised with an hot Iron for presently after the cauterising is performed they feele little paine For this great combustion takes away the sense the vehemencie of the sensory or thing affecting the sense depriving the sensitive parts of their sense As wee have formerly noted when we treated of wounds and paines of the Nerves The falling away of such Eschars shall be procured by somewhat a deepe scarification which may pierce even to the quicke that so the humors which lye under it may enjoy freer perspiration and emollient medicines may the freelier enter in so to soake moysten and soften the Eschar that it may at length fall away The rest of the cure shall
much afflicted whilest it is forced to sustaine a tedious and painefull compression which at length brings a hot distemper because the spirits cannot freely flow thereto which I finding by experience not knowing the cause wished them ever now and then to lift up my heele wherby it might enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the spirits have free entrance thereinto the contained vapours passing forth To conclude my hurt legge was layd upon a cushion after the manner you see here described The figure of a Legge fractured with a wound and bound up CHAP. XXIV Of some things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to bee kept firme and ratified That Ligation must bee made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it selfe up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the Ligation made on this and that side above and bolow whence ensue many maligne symptomes You may make triall hereof upon a sound fleshie part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livide or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on everie side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remaine unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch therof burnes and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft These will bee the signes of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantitie and that more filthie sanies flow from the ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lippes of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deepe paine torment the Patient by fitts if by searching with your Probe you perceive the bone to be spoyled of its periostium and lastly if you finde it scaily and rough or also if your Probe bee put downe some-what hard it runne into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottennesse of the bones But certainely such rottennesse will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amisse againe to admonish the Surgeon of this That as farre as the thing shall suffer hee make his rowlings upon the wound unlesse by chance there be such excessive paine and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptomes and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weake nor too much worne being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compasse the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stirre the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones doe not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers doe By this it appeares that as want of binding and too much loosenesse in absence of paine and a Phlegmon so also too strait ligation when paine is present brings a Phlegmon and Abscesse to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reâ—terate these things because you shall as yet finde many who follow the practice of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carrie crosse-wise But this crosse or lattice-like kinde of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that onely to be used which we have described according to the minde of Hippocrates Now it is time that I returne to the former historie of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Legge after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine owne house in Paris in the after-noone they tooke from me out of the Basilica of the left arme some sixe ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lippes or edges of the wound and places thereabout were annointed with unguentum rosatum which by a joynt consent of the Ancients is much commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage paine and hinder inflammation by repelling the humors farre from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shewes for it is made ex oleo omphacino aqua rosacea pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this oyntment for sixe dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthning of the part and repressing the humors which two things wee must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion in fractures especially with a wound Wherfore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moystened them with the oxycrate or rose vineger for by their too much drinesse paine and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardnesse You shall see many surgeons who in this kinde of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicines wholly contrary to the methode set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing places of the skinne are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acride and serous humor long supprest Whereby you may learne that astringent and emplastick medicines must not bee used above sixe daies In stead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine daies I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed prunes and sixe morsels of bread and dranke a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition â„ž sacc albis â„¥ xii aquae font lb xii cinam Ê’ iii. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maydens hair with boyled water Otherwhiles the divine drinke as
the warmness of the water and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolves the blood that is drawne But that which is too little or short a space drawes little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicines made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitory of Spaine sulphur and the like shall bee applyed They shall bee renued every day more often or seldome as the thing it selfe shall seeme to require These medicines are termed Dropaces whose forme is thus â„ž picis nigrae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aqua vitae dissolutorum an â„¥ ii olei laurini â„¥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi baccarum lauri et juniperi an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum secundum artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arme shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it to the Arme-pit If this mischance shall seaze upon the right leg then the left shall be swathed up from the sole of the foote to the groine For thus a great portion of the bloud is forced back into the vena cava or hollow veine and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gaping with the vessels almost empty besides also it is convenient to keepe the sound part in rest that so it may draw the lesse nourishment and by that meanes there will bee more store to refresh the weake part Some wish also to bind up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the bloud is drawne thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a veine with a lancet we bind the arme Also it is good to dip it into water somewhat more than warme and hold it there untill it grow red and swell for thus bloud is drawne into the veines as they find which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee done the lame part grow hot red and swollen then know that health is to be hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Furthermore there is sometimes hardnesse left in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the conteined humor by fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters made of the roots of Marsh-mallowes briony lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as Ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and Adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to move the part ever now and then every day yet so that it be not painefull to him that so the pent up humour may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it selfe restored as farre as art can perform it for oft times it cannot be helped any thing at all For if the member be weake and lame by reason that the fracture happened neere the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painefull and difficult and oft times none at all especially if the Callus which grows there be somewhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it selfe shall bee contused and broken by the stroake as it oft-times happens in wounds made by Gun-shot The End of the sixteenth Booke OF DIVERS OTHER PRETER NATURALL AFFECTS WHOSE CURE IS COMMONLY PERFORMED BY SURGERY THE SEVENTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the haires of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the haire of the head and sometimes also of the eye-browes chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Phisicians terme it the Alopecia for that old Foxes subject by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft times with this disease This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the haires as in old age through want of the radicall humidity or by the corruption of the alimentary matter of the same as after long fevers in the Lues venerea leprosie the corruption of the whole hody and all the humours whence followeth a corruption of the vapours and fuliginous excrements or else by the vitious constitution of the pores in the skin in rarity and constriction or density as by the too much use of hot oyntments made for colouring the hair or such as are used to take off haire therefore called Depilatoria or by the burning of the skin or losse thereof having a scarre in stead thereof by reason of whose density the haire cannot spring out as by too much laxity the fuliginous matter of the haire stayes not but presenly vanisheth away The Alopecia which comes by old age a consumption burne baldnesse leprosie and a scald head is uncurable that which admits of cure the cause being taken away is helped Wherefore if it proceed from the corruption of humours let a Phisician bee called who as hee shall thinke it fit shall appoint diet purging and phlebotomie Then the Surgeon shall shave off that haire which is remaining and shall first use resolving fomentations apply Leaches and Horns to digest the vicious humour which is under the skin then shall he wash the head to take away the filth with a lye wherein the roots of Orris and Aloes have been boyled Lastly hee shall use both attractive fomentations and medicines for to draw forth the humour which is become laudable in the whole body by the benefit of diet fitly appointed But if the Alopecia shall happen through defect of nourishment the part shall bee rubbed so long with a course linnen cloth or a figge leafe or onions untill it waxe red besides also the skin shall bee pricked in many places with a needle and then ointments applied made of Labdanum pigeons dung stavisager oile of bayes turpentine and waxe to draw the bloud and matter of the haires If the haire be lost by the Lues venerea the patient shall be annointed with quicksilver to sufficient salivation To conclude as the causes of this disease shall be so must the remdies be fitted which are used CHAP. II. Of the Tinea or scalde Head THE Tinea let me soterme it in Latine whilst a fitter word may be found or a scald head is a disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or the hairy scalpe and eating thereinto like a moth There are three differences thereof the first is called by Galen scaly or branlike for that whilst it is scratched it casts many branlike scales some Practitioners terme it a dry scall because of the great adustion of the humour causing it Another is called ficosa a fig-like scall because when it is dispoyled of the crust or
red and flow with teares neither can they behold the sun or endure the light The cure is performed by cutting off the superfluous substance not hurting the neighbouring parts and then presently put some salt into the place whence it was taken out unless the vehemency of paine hinder that so the place may bee dryed and strengthened and the rest of the matter if any such be may be consumed and hindred from growing againe Lastly you shall cover the whole eye with the white of an Egge dissolved in rose-water or some other repercussive CHAP. IX Of the Eye lids fastened or glewed together SOmetimes it commeth to passe that the upper eye-lid is glewed or fastened to the under so that the eye cannot be opened or so that the one of them may sticke or bee fastened to the white coat of the eye or to the horny This fault is sometimes drawne from the first originall that is by the default of the forming faculty in the wombe for thus many infants are born with their singers fastened together with their fundaments privities and eares unperforated the eye in all other respects being well composed The cause of this affect somtimes proceeds from a wound otherwhiles from a burn scald or impostumation as the breaking of the small pox It is cured by putting in a fit instrument so opening them but with such moderation that you touch not the horny coat for otherwise it would fall out Therefore you must put the end or point of your probe under the eye-lids and so lifting them up that you hurt not the substance of the eie divide them with a crooked incision knife The incision made let the white of an egge beaten with some rose-rose-water be put into the eye let the eye-lids be kept open yea let the patient himself be carefull that he often turne it upwards and lift it up with his fingers not onely that the medicine may bee applyed to the ulcer but also that they may not grow together againe In the night time let a little pledget dipped in water and that either simple or wherein some vitrioll hath bin dissolved bee laid thereon For thus you shall hinder the eye-lids from joyning together againe Then on the third day the parts or edges of the eie-lids shall be touched with waters drying without biting or acrimony that so they may be cicatrized But if the eye-lid adhere to the horny coate at the pupilla or apple of the eye the patient will either bee quite blind or very ill of sight For the scarre which ensues will hinder the shapes of things from entring to the crystalline humour and the visive spirits from passing forth to the objects For prognostickes you may learne out of Celsus that this cure is subject to a relapse so that it may bee shunned neither by diligence nor industry but that the eye-lid will alwayes adhere and cleave to the eye CHAP. X. Of the itching of the Eye-lids MAny have their Eye-lids itch vehemently by reason of salt phlegme which often times excoriating and exulcorating the parts themselves yeelds a sanies which joynes together the eye-lids in the night time as if they were glewed together and maks them watry and bleared This affect doth so torment the patients that it oft times makes them require the Physitians helpe Wherefore generall medicines being premised the Ulcers shall be washed with the following Collyrium ℞ aquae mellis in balneo mariae destillatae ℥ iii. sacchari candi ʒi redactaeʒss fiat collyrium Which if it doe no good you may use this which followes ℞ Ung. Aegyptiac ʒi dissolve in aquae plantaginis quantitate sufficienti Let the ulcerated eie-lids betouchd with a soft linnen rag dipped therin but with care that none therof fall upon the eye But when the patient goes to bed let him cause them to be anointed with the following ointment very effectuall in this case ℞ axungiae porci et butyri recentis an ℥ ss tuth praepar ʒss antimon in aquae euphrasiae praeparati ℈ ii camphor aegra iiii misce et in mortario plumbeo ducantur per tres horas conflatum indeunguentum servetur in pyxide plumbea Some commend and use certaine waters fit to cleanse dry binde strengthen and absolutely free the eye-lids from itching and rednesse of which this is one ℞ aquae euphrag faeniculi chelidon an ℥ ss sarcocal nutritae ℈ ii vitriol rom ʒi misceantur simul bulliant unica ebullitione postea coletur liquor servetur ad usum dictum Or else ℞ aquaeros vini alb boni an ℥ iiii tuth praepar aloës an ʒi flor aeni ℈ ii camphor gra ii Let them bee boyled according to art and kept in a glasse to wash the eye-lids Or else ℞ vini albi lbss salis com ʒi let them be put into a cleane barbars bason and covered and kept there five or six dayes and bee stirred once a day and let the eye-lids bee touched with this liquor Some wish that the patients urine be kept all night in a barbers bason and so the patients eie-lids be washed therwith Verily in this affect we must not feare the use of acride medicines for I once saw a woman of fifty yeares of age who washed her eye-lids when they itched with the sharpest vinegar she could get and affirmed that she found better successe of this than of any other medicine Vigo prescribes a water whose efficacy above other medicines in this affect hee saith hath bin proved and that it is to bee esteemed more worth than gold the description thereof is thus ℞ aq ros vini albi oderiferi mediocris vinosit atis an ℥ iiii myrobalan citrini trit ʒiss thurisʒii bulliant omnia simul usque ad consumptionem tertiae partis deinde immediatè addantur floris aris ℈ ii camph. gr ii Let the liquor be kept in a glasse well stopped for the foresaid use CHAP. XI Of Lippitudo or Bleare-eyes THere are many whose eyes are never dry but alwaies flow with a thinne acrid and hot humour which causeth roughnesse and upon small occasions inflammations blear or blood-shot eies and at length also Strabismut or sqinting Lippitudo is nothing else but a certaine white filth flowing from the eyes which oft times agglutinates or joynes together the eye-lids This disease often troubles all the life time and is to be cured by no remedy in some it is cureable Such as have this disease from their infancy are not to be cured for it remaines with them till their dying day For large heads and such as are repleate with acride or much excrementitious phlegme scarce yeeld to medicines There is much difference whether the phlegme flow downe by the internall vessels under the scull or by the externall which are betweene the skull and the skin or by both For if the internall veines cast forth this matter it will be difficultly cured if it bee cured at all But if the externall
his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as ponado barly cream cullisses gellyes reare egs and other meates of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that binds up his eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustome himselfe to the light lest hee should bee offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it selfe up againe it must bee couched againe but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many peeces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must bee let alone for there is no doubt but that in processe of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused turne into a substance like to milke or troubled water for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery and it bee but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptomes come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and their appropriate remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the eares and the falling of things thereinto IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their eares a certaine fleshy or membranous substance growing in their bottome or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostume or wound and the eare shut up by some fleshy excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottome of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheriticke medicines in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the mind and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and neare the braine wherefore by handling it too roughly there is feare of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternaturall falling of strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the eares such as are fragments of stones gold silver iron and the like mettals pearles cherry-stones or kernels peafe and other such like pulse Now solid and bonie bodies still retaine the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawne forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of earepicks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gymblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the body Little stones and bodies of the like stony hardnesse shall bee forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing by dropping some oyle of almonds first into the passage of the eare that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to passe by this sneesing or violence of the internall aire forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may bee cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if wee cannot thus prevaile it remaines that we cut open the passage with an incision knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oyle and vineger There is a certaine little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the eares the French call Perse-oreille wee an Eare-wigge This if it chance to get into the eare may be killed by the foresaid meanes you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying halfe an apple to your eare as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jawes and throate SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to sticke or as it were fasten themselves in the jawes or throate Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall bee taken out with long slender and croked mallets made like a Cranes beake If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shal be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a dry fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust downe into the stomacke or plucked back with a leeke or some other such like long and stiffe crooked body annoynted with oile and thrust downe the throate If any such like thing shall get into the Weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharpe things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all paines there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients than the Tooth-ache For wee see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piecemeale for wee see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed wormes some portion of them putrefying The cause of such paine is either internall or externall and primitive The internall is a hot or cold defluxion of humours upon them filling their sockets thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason that they stand sometimes so farre forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for feare of paine for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling downe of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitternesse of the paine is such The signes of a hot defluxion are sharpe and pricking paine as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the roote of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signes of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse
of paine we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to goe in hand to plucke them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of cureing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of paine The two former scopes to wit of diet and diverting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping glasses to the necke and shoulders and fcarification doe absolutely belong to the Phisitian Now for proper and to picke medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of Pomgranats plantaine water a little vineger wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have beene boyled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the paine of the teeth ought to bee things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vineger in such kind of remedies ℞ rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss conquassatiʒii santalorum an ʒi lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lib. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warme You may also make Trochisces for the same purpose after this manner ℞ sem hyoscyami sandarachae coriandri opii an ʒss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formentur que trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else ℞ seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an ʒss Let them all bee beaten together with strong vineger and made into trochisces with which being dissolved in rose water let the gums and whole mouth bee washed when need requireth But if the paine bee not asswaged with these you shall come to narcoticks which may stupefie the nerve as ℞ seminis hyoscyami albi opii camphorae papaveris albi an quantum sufficit coquantur cum sapa et denti applicentur Besides you must also put this following medicine into the eare of the pained side ℞ opii castorei an ℈ i. misceantur cum oleo rosato It hath sometimes availed in swolne and distended gums being first lightly scarified to have applied leaches for the evacuation of the conjunct matter as also to have opened the veines under the tongue or these which are behind the eares For I remember that I by these three kindes of remedies asswaged great paines of the teeth Yet there bee some who in this affect open not these veines which are behind the eares but those which are conspicuous in the hole of the eare in the upper part thereof Paine of the teeth arising from a cold cause and defluxion may be helped by these remedies boyle rosemary sage and pellitory of Spaine in wine and vinegar and adde therto a little aqua vitae in this liquor dissolve a little treacle and wash your teeth therewith Others mingle Gum ammoniacum dissolved in aqua vitae with a little sandar acha and myrrhe and lay it to the pained tooth after Vigoes counsaile Mesue thinkes that beaten garlicke carryed in the right or left hand asswages the paine as the teeth ake upon the right or left side But I being once troubled with grievous paine in this kinde followed the counsaile of a certaine old woman and laid garlicke rosted under the embers to my pained tooth and the paine forthwith ceased The same remedy used to others troubled with the like affect had like successe Moreover some thinke it availeable if it bee put into the auditory passage Others drop into the eares oile of castoreum or of cloves or some such other chemicall oile It is good also to wash the teeth with the following decoction ℞ pyrethriʒss menthe et rutae an p. i. bulliant in aceto and with this decoction being warme wash the teeth Some like fumes better they make them of the seeds of Coloquintida and mustard and other like they take the smoake by holding their mouths over a funnell Other some boile pellitory of Spaine ginger cinamon alume common salt nut megs cipresse nuts anise and mustard seeds and euphorbium in oxycrate and in the end of the decoction adde a little aqua vitae and receive the vapour thereof through a funnell as also they wash their teeth with the decoction and put cotton dipped therein into the eare first dropping in a little thereof Some there are which affirm that to wash the teeth with a decoction of Spurge is a very good and anodyne medicine in the tooth-ach I have oft times asswaged intolerable paines of the teeth by applying vesicatories under the eare to wit in that cavity whereas the lower jaw is articulated with the upper for the veine artery and sinew which are distributed to the roots of the teeth lye thereunder Wherfore the blisters being opened a thinne liquor runnes out which doth not onely cause but also nourish or feed the disease But if the tooth be hollowed and that the patient will not have it puld out there is no speedier remedy than to put in caustick medicines as oile of vitrioll aqua fortis and also a hot iron for thus the nerve is burnt insunder and loseth its sense Yet some affirm that the milky juice that flowes from Spurge made into a paste with Olibanum and amylum and put into the hollowed tooth will make it presently to fall away in peeces When the Gums and Cheekes are swollen with a manifest tumour then the patient begins to be somewhat better and more at ease For so by the strength of nature the tumor causing the paine is carryed from within outwards But of what nature soever the matter which causeth the paine be it is convenient to intercept the course thereof with Empl. contra rupturam made with pitch and mastick and applyed to the temple on that side where the tooth aketh CHAP. XXVI Of other affects of the teeth THe teeth are also troubled with other preternaturall affects For sometimes they shake by relaxation of the gums or else become corrupt and rotten or have wormes in them or else are set on edge For the first the gummes are relaxed either by an externall or primitive cause as a fall or blow or else by an internall or antecedent as by the defluxion of acrid or waterish humours from the braine or through want of nourishment in old bodies If the teeth grow loose by the meanes of the decaying gums the disease is then incurable but you may withstand the other causes by the use of such things as fasten the teeth shunning on the contrary such as may loosen them Therefore the patient must not speake too earnestly neither chaw hard things If they become loose by a fall or
this following glyster hath done good to many â„ž fol. lactuc. scariol portul an m. i. flor viol nenuph. an p. i. fiat decoctio ad lib. i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistulae â„¥ i. mellis viol sacch rub an â„¥ iss olei viol â„¥ iiii siat clyster This which followeth is the fitter to asswage the paine â„ž flo cham melil summitat aneth berul an p. ii fiat decoctio in lacte vaccino in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul sacchar alb an â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum num ii anÊ’ii fiat clyster In the interim let the kidneys bee annointed on the outside with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galen and populeon used severally or mixed together laying thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate But if the concretion of the stone be of a cold cause the remedies must bee varied as follows â„ž terebinth venet Ê’i citriÊ’ii aquae coct Ê’ii fiat potio Or else â„ž cassiaerecent extract Ê’vi benedict lax Ê’iii aq foenicul â„¥ ii aq asparag â„¥ i. fiat potio let him take it three houres before dinner this following apozeme is also good â„ž anÊ’iii bismal cum toto beton an m. ss anÊ’ii sem melon glycyrhiz ras an Ê’iiss ficus num 4. fiat decoct ad quart iii. in expressâ— colatura dissolve syrup de caphan oxymilitis scillitici an â„¥ i. ss sacchar albis â„¥ iii. fiat apozema pro tribus dosibus clarificetur aromatiz cum Ê’i cinam Ê’ss sant citrin let him take foure ounces three houres before dinner Or else â„ž rad petrosel foenicul an â„¥ i. saxifrag pimp gram bardan. an m. ss quatuor seminum frig major mundat milii solis an Ê’ii fiat decoctio cape de colatura lb. ss in qua dissolve sacch rub syrup capill ven an â„¥ i. ss Let it be taken at three doses two houres before meat The following powder is very effectuall to dissolve the matter of the stone â„ž sem petrosel rad ejusdem mundat an â„¥ ss sem cardui quem colcitrapam vocant â„¥ i. let them be dryed in an oven or stone with a gentle fire afterwards let them be beaten severally and make a powder whereof let the patient take ℈ i. ss or two scruples with white wine or chicken broth fasting in the morning by the space of three daies Or â„ž coriand praep ℈ iv anÊ’ii zinzib cinam an ℈ ii electiÊ’i cari ℈ ii galang nucis moschat lapid judiaci an ℈ i. diacrydiâ—Ê’ii ss misce fiat pulvis the dosis is about Ê’i with white wine three houres before meate Against the flatulencies which much distend the guts in this kind of disease glisters shall be thus made â„ž malv. bismal pariet origani calament flo chamaem sumitat anethi an m. ss anisi carvi cumini foenic. an â„¥ ss baccar laur Ê’iii rutaeÊ’ii fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve bened lax vel diaphaenic â„¥ ss lauriÊ’iii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem rutar an â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž olei nucum vini mal an lb. ss aq vitae â„¥ ss fiat clyster let it be kept long that so it may have the more power to discusse the winde CHAP. XXXVIII What is to be done when the stone falleth out of the Kidney into the Ureter OFt-times it falleth out that the reines using their expulsive faculty force downe the stone whose concretion and generation the Physicians by the formerly prescribed meanes could not hinder from themselves into the ureters but it stayeth there either by reason of the straightnesse of the place or the debility of the expulsive faculty Therefore then cruell paine tormenteth the patient in that place whereas the stone sticketh which also by consent may be communicated to the hippe bladder â—esticles and yard with a continuall desire to make water and goe to stoole In this case it behooveth the Physician that he supply the defect of nature and assist the weake indeavours Therefore let the patient if he be able mount upon a trotting horse and ride upon him the space of some two miles or if hee can have no opportunity to doe so then let him run up and downe a paire of staires untill he be weary and even sweat again for the stone by this exercise is oft-times shaken into the bladder then presently shall be given or taken by the mouth such things as have a lenitive and relaxing facultie as oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne and that without fire and mixed with the water of pellitorie of the wall and white wine Let frictions of the whole body be made from above downewards with hot clothes let Ventoses with a great flame be applyed one while to the loynes and another while to the bottome of the belly a little below the grieved place and unlesse the patient vomit of his owne accord or by the bitternesse of his paine let vomiting bee procured with a draught of water and oile luke warme for vomiting hath much force to drive downe the stone by reason of the compression of the parts which is caused by such an endeavour lastly if the stone descend not by the power of these remedies then the patient must bee put into a Semicupium that is a Halfe-bath made of the following decoction â„ž malvae bismal cum toto an m. ii beton nasturt saxifrag berul parietar violar an m. iii. semin melonum milii solis alkekengi an Ê’vi cicer rub lb. i. rad appii gram faeniculi eryngii an â„¥ iiii in sufficienti quantitate aquae pro incessu coquantur ista omnia inclusa sacco herein let the patient sit up to the navell neither is is fit that the patient tarry longer in such a bath than is requisite for the spirits are dissipated and the powers resolved by too long stay therein But on the contrary if the patient remaine as long as is sufficient in these rightly made the paine is mitigated the extended parts relaxed and the passages of urine opened and dilated and thus the stone descendeth into the bladder But if it be not moved by this meanes any thing at all out of the place and that the same totall suppression of urine do as yet remaine neither before the patient entred into the bath the putting of a Catâ—aeter into the bladder did any thing availe yet notwithstanding he shall try the same againe after the patient is come out of the bath that hee may bee throughly satisfied whether peradventure there may bee any other thing in these first passages of the yard and neck of the bladder which may with-hold the urine for the Cathaeter will enter farre more easily the parts being relaxed by the warmenesse of the bath then inject some oyle of sweet almonds with a syringe into the Urethra or passage of the yarde whilst all these things are in doing let not the patient come into the cold aire But here I have thought good to describe
for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
time of the falling downe of the defluxion â„ž cubelarum nucis moschat glycyrrhiz anis an Ê’ i. pyrethri Ê’ ii mastich rad stâ—phisagr eryngii an Ê’ii Let them all be made into pouder and mixed together tyed up in a little taffaty to the bignesse of a hasell nut and let them be rowled up and downe the mouth with the tongue to cause spitting or salivation Working with the hands and frictions of the armes especially in the morning after the evacuation of the excrements are good for such as are troubled with the Gout in the feet for so it not onely causeth revulsion from the feet but also the resolution of that which is unprofitable CHAP. XII What Diet is convenient for such as have the Goute AFTER the body is once fed they must not returne to meat before that the concoction be perfected in the stomacke lest the liver be forced to draw by the mesaraicke veines that which is yet crude and ill digested and as it were forced thence Whence the depravation of the nutriment of the whole body for the following decoctions doe not amend the default of the first Let them make choice of meate of good juice and easie digestion rosted for such as are phlegmaticke but boiled for such as are cholericke as they shall shun much variety at one meale so must they eschew the use of pulses milk-meats sallads and sharpe things as verjuice vinegar the juice of oranges and citrons They shall not eat unlesse they be hungry and shall desist therefrom before they be fully satisfied if it be but for this that whilest the native heat is busied in the digestion of meat plenteously eaten it is diverted from the concoction of the noxious humors The flesh of great fowle as swans cranes peacockes are not of laudible juice and are with more difficulty digested in the stomacke Some of the antients have disallowed of the eating of Capons and the like birds because they are subject to bee troubled with the Goute in the feete Fishes are to be shunned for that they heape up excrementitious humours and are easily corrupted in the stomacke yea relaxe it by continuall use Of the flesh of beasts veale is most to be commended for that it breeds temperate blood and laudible juice and is easily digested Neither in the meane time is mutton to bee found fault withall But the like hunger or abstinence must not be appointed to all men troubled with the Goute for such as are of a sanguine and cholericke complexion because they are endued with much and much wasting heate are to be refreshed with more plentifull nourishment for hunger sharpens choler and so augments their paines neither in the interim must they bee fed with too moist meates for too much moisture besides that it is the author of putrefaction will cause defluxions and draw downe the matter to the joints Therefore the Cholericke humor must bee incrassated and refrigerated by taking things inwardly and applying things outwardly lest by its tenuity it should fall downe into the grieved parts To this purpose conduce brothes altered with lettuce purslaine sorrell and the like herbs and barly creames made with a decoction of the foure cold seeds Phlegmaticke bodies by reason that they have not so vigorous heate doe as it were carry their provant about them wherefore they must not be fed neither with many nor with moist meats All that are troubled with the Goute must shun those things which are hard of digestion and which are soone corrupted for they all have a certain remiss feaver which diminisheth the native heat makes the meates apt to putrefie Too plentifull drinking not onely of wine but also of any other liquor is to be avoided For by too great a quantity of moisture the meat floats in the stomacke and the native heat is in some sort extinguished whence proceed crudities Some physitians commâ—nd the use of white wine for that it provokes urine which is not altogether to be disallowed if so be that the body bee free from excrements otherwise by this as it were a vehicle especially if the temperature of the body be somewhat more hot they shall be carryed down into the joints Therefore in such a case I should rather advise them to use clarer which is somewhat weake and astringent for that it doth not so much offend the head nor joints and it shuts and strengthens the orifices of the vessels Yet it will bee more convenient wholly to abstaine therefrom and in stead thereof to drinke a Hydromel made after this manner â„ž aquae lb. iiii mellis opt q. i. bulliant ad consumptionem lb. i. bene despumando adde ad finem salviae p. i. imo si â—ger sit pituitosus cinamomi aut caryophyllorum momentum For cholerike persons make a sugred water thus â„ž aquae fontis lb. iiii sacchari β. ss cinamomiÊ’ ii For thus the stomacke shall also be strengthened also he may drinke ptisan wherein at the end of the decoction shall bee boiled some dryed roses or else some syrupe of pomegranates added thereto lest it should offend the stomack as soone as it comes from off the fire let it stand and settle and then straine it through an Hippocras bag or cleane linnen cloath CHAP. XIII How to strengthen the Joints IT is a matter of much consequence for the prevention of this evill to strengten the joints whereby they may be able to resist the humors preternaturally falling downe upon them Wherefore it is good morning and evening to rubbe them with Oleum Oâ—phacinum that is oile made of olives not come to their perfect maturitie or with oile of roses mixed with common salt finely poudered It may also bee mixed with common oile adding thereto the powder of harts horne as that which hath an astringent and drying faculty Also it is good to bath them in this following Lye â„ž cort granat nucum cupres gallarum sumach cortic querni an â„¥ ii salis com alumin. roch an â„¥ i. salviae â—â—rismar lavendul lauri ivae arthretic an m. i. rosar rub m. ss bulliant omnia in sex lb. vini crassi astringentis lixivio parato ex aquae chalibeatae cinere querno Then â—oment the part with sponges or cotton clothes after this fomentation shall be carefully wiped dryed with hot linnen clothes taking heed of cold The juice of unripe Hawes tempered with oxycrate is a singular thing for this purpose But if you desire to strengthen the joints weakened by a cold cause then â„ž salviae râ—rism thymi lavendul laur absinth an m. i. caryophyl zinzib piperis conquasâ—atorum an â„¥ i. infundantur in aquae vitae vini rubri astringentiâ— an lb. iiii bulliant leniter in balneo mariae With this liquor foment the joints morning and evening Some thinke it good to strengthen the joynts to tread grapes in vintage time which if they be not able
fortiter exprimantur expressioni adde terebinth â„¥ iii. cer quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum molle Also Emp. de vigo Oxicroceum de mucilaginibus de meliloto and the like mixed together and softened with a little oyle or axungia are of the like faculty and good for the same purpose Let this be the forme of an ointment â„ž anserem pinguem imple catellis duobus de quibus deme cutem viscera caput pedes item accipe ranas nu x. colubros detracta cute in frusta dissectos nu iv mithridat theriac an â„¥ ss fol. salviae rorismar thymi rutae an m. ss baccarum lauri juniperi conquassat an â„¥ i. pulveris nuc moschat zinzib caryophyl piper an Ê’i de co quod stillabat fiat unguentum vel linimentum cum cera terebinth veneta pauca aqua vitae addita this marvelously asswageth the paine of the gout arising from a cold cause Another â„ž Gummi pini lodani an â„¥ iv gummi elemi picis naval an â„¥ ss claraeÊ’vi chamaemel liliorum an â„¥ iv vini rub lb. i. ss aq vit salv an Ê’vi dissolvantur omnia simul lento igne baculo semper agitando deinde adde pul ireos flor baccarum lauri hermodactyl and â„¥ iiss mastiches myrrhae olibani an â„¥ ii farinae fabar â„¥ iv incorporentur omnia simul fiat unguentum molle Or else â„ž mucag. seminis foenâ—gr in aceto extract quantum volueris cui misce mellis quantum sufficit let them be boyled together untill they acquire the consistence of an oyntment These things shall be changed as often as need shall seeme to require Also anodine and discussing fomentations are good to resolve as this â„ž fol. rutae salv rorismar an m. i. bulliant cum aceto vino and so make a decoction for a fomentation which you may use not only in a cold gout but also in a hot because it resolveth and strengtheneth the part by astriction and freeth it from the defluxion you must have a care that the medicines which are used to paines of the gout be changed now and then For in this kinde of disease that remedy which did good a little before and now availeth will in a short time become hurtfull But if the contumacy and excesse of the pain be so great that it will not yeeld to the described medicines then it is fit because the disease is extreme to use according to Hypocrates counsell extreme remedies such as are those which follow â„ž axungiae gallinae olei laurini mastic â—uphorb an â„¥ i. pulver euphorb pyreth an Ê’i fiat litus herewith let the part bee rubbed every day for it is a very effectuall medicine For euphorbium and pellitory by their heat attenuate and resolve the capons grease and oile of bayes relaxe the oyle of mastich strengtheneth the part and hindereth a new defluxion Also there is made a very anodine ointment of oyle of foxes wherein earth-wormes the roots of elecampane and bryoniâ— have beene boiled with a little turpentine and waxe this softens attenuates and resolves the cold humour impact in the joints Or else â„ž seminis sinapi pulverisati aceto acerrimo dissoluti â„¥ iii. mellis anacardini â„¥ ii aquae vitae â„¥ i. salis com Ê’ii Let them bee all mixed together and applyed to the pained part Or â„ž picis nigrae â„¥ iii. terebinth venetae â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi subtiliter pulverisati â„¥ iii. olei quant sufficit liquefiant simul fiat emplastrum Let it bee spread upon leather and laid upon the part for two or three dayes space if the patient perceive any ease thereby if otherwise let it be changed as we said before Some for the same purpose apply nettles thereto and presently after wash the part in sea or salt water Others foment the part with vineger wherein pidgeons dung hath beene boiled A vesicatory made of very sower leaven cantharides and a little aqua vitae is very powerfull to evacuate the conjunct matter For thus the maligne and virulent serum or whayish humour is let out whence followes some ease of the pain Now there are some gouty paines which cannot bee lessened or asswaged unlesse by remedies more powerfull than the distemper therefore vesicatories ought not to be rejected seeing that the Ancients in this affect have also made use of actuall cauteries as we shall shew hereafter Christopher Andreas in his booke termed Oëcoitarie that is Domestick physicke much commends Oxe dung wrapped in cabbage or vine leaves and roasted in the embers and so applyed hot to the grieved part CHAP. XVI Of locall medicines to be applied to a hot or sanguine Gout HEre must wee in the beginning make use of repercussives such as are cold and dry that they may contend with the morbificke matter by both their qualities also let them bee astrictive so to adde strength to the part But I would have you alwaies to understand that you must first premise generall medicines â„ž albuminum ovorum nu iv succi lactuca solani an â„¥ i. aq rosar â„¥ ii incorporentur simul fiat linimentum saepius renovandum Others take the meale of barly lentils acatia oile of roses myrtles and with a little vineger they make a cataplasme Or â„ž sumach myrtillorum boli arm an Ê’ss acatiae corticum granat balust an Ê’i aq plantag rosar an â„¥ iii. ol rosati â„¥ iss aceti â„¥ i. farinae hordei lentium quantum satis erit fiat cataplasma This is very excellent and effectuall to stay or hinder phlegmonous and erysipelatous tumours Also you may make a Cataplasme ex mucagine Cydoniorum in aqua rosarum extracta cassiae fistula oleo rosato aceto Or â„ž pampinorum vitis viridum m. ii terantur bulliant in oxycrato ex aqua fabrorum cui adde sumach conquassati â„¥ i. olei rosat â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma Or else â„ž succi sempervivi hyoscyami portulacae an â„¥ iv corticum mali granati â„¥ iss farinae hordei â„¥ v. vini austeri quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma this is much commended for it hath entring thereinto wine and the pomgranate pill which both are very great astrictives and the juices are exceeding cooling the meale also hinders and thickens the sanguine humours that are ready to flow downe and make the medicine of a good consistence Another â„ž fol. hyoscyami acetosae an m. i. involvantur papyro sub cineribus coquantur mox cum unguento populeon aut rosat â„¥ ii incorporentur and then lay this Cataplasme thus made warme unto the part Another â„ž florum hyoscyami lb. ii ponantur in phiala vitreata reconde in fimo equino donec putruerint accipe ex putredine â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve olei de junipero â„¥ ss fiat linimentum adusum Others beat the pulpe of a Gourd or Citrull in
a mortar and so apply it Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii cyton extract in aquae rosar solani an â„¥ iiii olei rosati omphacini â„¥ iii. vini granatorum â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum cum albumine nu iii. camphoraeÊ’i incorporentur simul fiat linimentum Or else â„ž ol rosat omphacini â„¥ iv album ovorum cum vitellis nu vi succi plantag solani an â„¥ i. farinae hordei â„¥ iii. incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â„ž farinae fabarum hordei an â„¥ iii. olei rosati â„¥ ii oxycrati quantum sufficit coquantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii â„¥ iiii ol rosati â„¥ ii aceti â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci ℈ i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governour of the hither Spaine as hee overlooked the winowing of his corne was taken by the paine of the gout in his feet wherefore hee covered himselfe with the Wheat above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note worthy which often happeneth that the paine cannot bee altogether eased by such like remedies by reason of the abundance of bloud impact in the part wherefore it must bee evacuated which I have done in many with good successe opening the veine which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the paine was presently asswaged Neither must wee too long make use of repercussives lest the matter become so hardened that it can scarce bee afterwards resolved as when it shall bee concrete into knots and plaisterlike stones resolving medicines are to bee mixed with repercussives conveniently applied so to discusse the humour remaining as yet in the part whereof shall bee spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of locall medicines for a cholericke gout THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of gout ought to bee cold and moiste that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslaine house-leeke henbane sorrell plantaine poppy cold water and the like whereof may bee made divers compositions As â„ž succi hyosciami sempervivi lactuc. an â„¥ ii hordeiÊ’i olei rosati â„¥ ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum let it bee applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some thinke the braine of a hogge mixed with white starch or barly meale and oile of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallowes boyled in water and beaten with a pestell and applyed asswage pain â„ž mucag. sem psilii extract in aq solani vel rosarum â„¥ ii farin hordei â„¥ i. aâ—eti q. s fiat linimentum Or else â„ž unguent rosat mesuae populei an â„¥ iii. succi melonum â„¥ ii alb ovorum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â„ž fol. caulium rub m. ii coquantur in oxycrato terantur adde ovorum vitellos tres olei rosati â„¥ iii. farinae hordei quantum sufficit â—ingatur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts dane-weede and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oyle of roses and barly meale make a cataplasme In winter time when as these things cannot bee had greene you may use unguentum infrigedans Galeni populeon Or else â„ž cerae albae â„¥ i. croci ℈ i. opii ℈ iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit marcerentur opium crocus in aceto deinde terantur incorporentur cum cera oleo fiat ceratum spread it upon a cloth lay it upon the part and all about it and let it bee often renewed Some cut Frogges open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that the paine of the sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have beene asswaged by annoynting the part affected with the mucous water or gelly of Snailes being used for the space of seven or eight dayes the truth whereof was assured mee by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemean a man of great honesty and credit who himselfe was troubled for sixe moneths space with the sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snailes put them in a copper pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then presse them in a course or haire cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen ragges and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there bee great inflammation the Snailes shall bee boyled in Vineger and Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boyled in Vineger and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or beane flower are good against these paines Or else â„ž pomorum coctorum in lacte lib. i. butyri â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma There are some who take cheese crud newly made and mixe it in a mortar with oyle of Roses and barly meale and so apply it it represseth the inflammation and asswageth paine Others mixe Cassia newly extracted forth of the Cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leaves of Cole-worts and Dane-weede or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vineger Others macerate or steepe an ounce of linseed in Wurt and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into Cataplasme with some oyle of Roses and barly meale Some put oyle of poppyes to the pulpe of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoine of Basas that was throughly cured therwith when as he had bin vexed long much with gouty pains above the common custome of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridge tile thick strong and heat it red hot in the fire then put it into such another tile of the same bignesse but cold lest it should burne the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wurt leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burning it Then let the patient endure the heate that comes therefrom and by sweate receive the fruit thereof for the space of an houre substituting fresh Dane-wurt leaves if the former become too dry as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the houre bee ended This being done let the part bee dryed with warme and dry linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteene dayes and that in the morning fasting afterwards annoynt the part with this following oyntment â„ž succi ebuli lb i. ss olei com lb i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a strait mouthed glasse and well luted up then
let it boyle in balnco Mariae being first mixed with some wine until the halfe thereof bee consumed for the space of renne or twelve houres then let it coole and so keepe it for use adding thereto in the time of annoynting some few drops of aquavitae It may bee annoynted twice or thrice in a day long after meate Moreover the roots and leaves of Dane-wurt boyled in water beaten and applyed asswage paine the oyle thereof chimically extracted performes the same But if the contumacious paine cannot bee mitigated by the described remedies and becomming intolerably hot and raging make the patient almost to swoune then must wee fly to narcoticks For although the temper of the part may bee weakened by these the native heate diminished or rather exstinguished yet this is a far lesse inconvenience than to let the whole body bee wasted by paine These things have a powerfull refrigerating and drying faculty taking away the sense of the paine and furthermore incrassate thin acride and biting humours such as cholericke humours are Wherefore if the matter which causeth the paine be thick wee must abstaine from narcoticks or certainely use them with great caution â„ž micae panis secalini parum cocti in lacte â„¥ ii vitellos ovorum nu ii opiiÊ’i saccorum solani hyosciami mandragorae portulacae sempervivi an â„¥ i. Let them bee mixed together and applyed and often changed Or else â„ž fol. hyosciami cicutae acetos an m. i. bulliant in oxycrato contundantur cumque vitellis ovorum crudorum nu ii olei rosat â„¥ ii farinâ— hordei quod sit satis incorporentur fiat cataplasma with the use thereof I am accustomed to asswage great pains Or else â„ž OpiiÊ’iii camphor Ê’ss olei nenuph. â„¥ i. lactis â„¥ ii unguent ros Galeni â„¥ iv incorporentur simul in mortario applicentur Moreover cold water applyed dropped upon the part drop by drop is narcotick and stupefactive as Hippocrates affirmeth Aphor. 29. Sect. 5. for a moderate numnesse mitigateth paine there is also another reason why it may bee profitably used in all paines of the Gout for that by repelling the humours it hindereth their defluxion into the part Mandrage apples boyled in milke and beaten doe the samething also the leaves of henbane hemlock lettuce purslaine being so boiled doe the same If any desire to use these more cold hee must apply them crude and not boyled But the excesse of paine being mitigated wee must desist from the use of such narcotickes and they must rather bee strengthened with hot and digerating things otherwise there will bee danger lest it bee too much weakened the temper thereof being destroyed and so afterwards it may bee subject to every kinde of defluxion Wherefore it shall bee strengthened with the formerly described discussing fomentations and these ensuing remedies As â„ž gum ammoniaci bdelii an â„¥ i. dissolvantur in aceto passentur per setaceum addendo styracis liquid fariâ— foenug an â—…ss pul ireos â„¥ iiii olei châ—maem â„¥ ii pyrethriÊ’ii cum cera fiat emplastrum molle Or else â„ž rad emulâ— ebuli altheae an lb. ss sem lini foenugr an Ê’ii ficuum ping nu xx coquantur completè trajiciantur per setaceum addendo pul euphorb Ê’ii olei chamaem aneth rutacei an â„¥ iii. medullae cervi â„¥ iv fiat cataplasma Yet you must use moderation in discussing lest the subtler part of the impact humour being discussed the grosser part may turne into a stony consistence which also is to bee feared in using repercussives I also omitted that according to the opinion of the Ancients bathes of fresh water wherein cooling herbes have been boiled used three houres after meat conduce much to the asswaging of pain for so used they are more convenient in cholerick natures and spare bodies for that they humect the more and quickly digest the thin and cholerick and consequently acride vapours the pores being opened and the humours dissipated by the gentle warmenesse of the bath After the bath the body must be annoynted with hydraeleum or oyle and water tempered together lest the native heate exhale and the body become more weake Meates of more grosse juice are more convenient as beefe sheeps-feet and the like if so be that the patient can digest them for these inspissate the cholerick bloud and make it more unfit for defluxion CHAP. XVIII What remedies must be used in paines of the joynts proceeding of a distemper onely without matter PAines also happen in the joynts by distemper without any matter which though rare yet because I happened once to feele them I have thought good to shew what remedies I used against them I once earnestly busied in study and therefore not sensible of such externall injuries as might befall mee a little winde comming secretly in by the crannies of my studie fell upon my left Hippe at length wearied with study as soone as I rose up to goe my way I could not stand upon my feete I felt such bitter paine without any swelling or humour which might bee discerned Therefore I was forced to goe to bed and calling to minde that cold which was absolutely hurtfull to the nerves had bred mee that paine I attempted to drive it away by the frequent application of very hot clothes which though they scorched and blistered the sound parts adjoyning thereto yet did they scarce make any impression upon the part where the paine was settled the distemper was so great and so firmely fixed therein And I layed thereto bagges filled with fryed oates and millet and dipped in hot red wine as also oxe bladders halfe filled with a decoction of hot herbs And lastly a woodden dish almost filled with hot ashes covered over with sage rosmarie and rue lightly bruised and so covered with a cloth which sprinkled over with aqua vitae sent forth a vapour which asswaged the paine Also browne bread newly drawne out of the oven and sprinkled over with Rose-water and applyed did very much good And that I might more fully expell this hurtfull cold I put stone bottles filled with hot water to the soales of my feete that the braine might bee heated by the streightnesse and continuity of the nerves At length by the helpe of these remedies I was very well freed from this contumacious distemper when it had held mee for the space of foure and twentie houres There is another kind of gouty pain sometimes caused by a certain excrementitious matter but so thin and subtle that it cannot bee discerned by the eyes It is a certaine fuliginous or sootie vapour like to that which passeth from burning candles or lampes which adhers and concreets to any thing that is opposed thereto which being infected by the mixture of a virulent serous humour whithersoever it runneth causeth extreme paine somewhiles in these and otherwhiles in other joynts unlesse you make a way therefore when
Hydrargyrum as a certaine higher power conteines therein all the power of Guajacum yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dryes it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humours upwards and downewards by the mouth and stoole By which evacuations not onely the more subtle but also the more grosse and foeculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may bee bold to assure himselfe of certaine victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guajacum fresh paines and knots arise by the reliques of the more grosse and viscous humours left in the cavities of the entrailes but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guajacum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great logge of a dusky colour new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acride and some what biting taste the barke cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the viculency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the barke the other is a whitish wood which is next to the barke the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish and more dusky part thereof The barke is the more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lyeth betweene both is of a milde temper Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require lesse drying Furthermore the barke must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fierie force thereof the humours may be made more fluide and the passages of the body more passable But I would here bee understood to meane such barke as is not putride and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it bee shipped by our people the wood lyeth in heapes upon the shore in the open aire untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottome of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinkes of the bords and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much dirt When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherfore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellars under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldinesse and rottennesse Wherefore I doe not like to give the decoction either of the barke or wood which is next thereto to sicke people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guajacum FIrst you must have your Guajacum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shavings adde of faire water eight ten or twelve pints more or lesse as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seeme to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warme especially if it be in winter that so it may the more easily throughly enter into the body of the wood draw into it selfe the faculties thereof in the space of twenty foure houres wherein it is macerated then boyle it in balneo to avoyd empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boyling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but thinke the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen pot well glased over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may runne over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish away Howsoever it be made let it be boyled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient disease shall seem to require There be some who mixe divers simples therwith which have an occult and proper simpathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve in stead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others adde thereto purging medicines whose judgement I cannot approve of for that I thinke it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expell the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shewes little evacuation by stoole For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brooke at once For purging drawes from the circumference to the Center but sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many great physitians This first decoction being boyled out strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuffe or masse that so being boyled again without any further infusion strained with the addition of a little cinamon for the strengthening of the stomacke the patient may use it at his meales and betweene his meales if he be dry for his ordinary drinke The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or sixe ounces and it shall be drunke warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and lest the actuall coldnesse should offend the stomacke and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall bee helped forwards with stone bottles filled full of hot water and put to the soles of the feet If any parts in the interim shall bee much pained they shall bee comforted by applying of swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it bee unprofitable before the decoction bee drunke to rubbe over all the body with warme linnen clothes that by this meanes the humours may be attenuated and the pores of the skinne opened When he shall have sweat some two houres the parts opposite to the grieved places shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves lest a greater confluxe of humours flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold aire untill he be cooled and come to himselfe againe some two houres after hee shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seeme to require sixe houres after betaking himselfe to his bed hee shall drinke the like quantity of the decoction and order himselfe as before But if he be either weake or weary of his bed it shall bee sufficient to keepe the house without lying downe for although he shall not sweate yet there
will be a great dissipation of the vapours and venenate spitits by infensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the onely communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it selfe in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advise of a physitian before the taking of the decoction of Guajacum so whilest hee doth take it it much conduceth to keepe the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat drinesse of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veines by a glyster or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixt day But for the use of it we must warily observe taking indication not onely from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanenesse and their skinne dry and scaily whence you may gather a great adustion of the humours and as it were a certaine incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without quicksilver and other such like things And then a very weake decoction of Guajacum shall bee used for a few dayes before your unction with Quicke-silver A more plentifull diet as it drawes forth the disease which of its owne nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hecticke drinesse Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudible juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much more cruelty to goe about to conteine all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damaske prunes for I judge it farre better to diet the patient with Lambe Veale Kid Pullets fat Larkes and Blacke-birds as those which have a farre greater familiarity with our bodies than Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread bee made of white wheat well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drinke be made of the masse or strainings of the first decoction of Guajacum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakenesse of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each mealea cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoyd sleepe presently after meat for so the head is filled with grosse vapoures Passions or perturbations of the mind must also be avoyded for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venety wholly avoyded as that which weakens all the nervous parts Many in stead of a decoction of Guajacum use a decoction of China Now this China is the roote of a certain rush knotty rare heavie when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it voyd of any effectuall quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boyld in fountaine or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol sect â„¥ ii aquoe font lb xii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the masse remaining of the first but with a lesse quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boyling may draw forth the strength remaining in the masse be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction therof buthat is wholy unprofitable and unusefull Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of curing the Lues venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certaine yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease bee inveterate from an humour tough grosse viscous and more tenaciously fixed inthe solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumours of the bones for then we are so farre from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary wee bring the patient in danger of his life unlesse we shall have first prepared the humour to expulsion by emollient digesting things first used But if it be lately taken with moveable paines pustles and ulcers in the jawes throate and privie parts then may it be easily cured without such preparatives especially if the humour be sufficiently obedient and as it were prepared of it selfe and its owne nature Therefore first using generall medicines you may afterwards come to use the unction with Hydrargyrum CHAP. X. Of the choice preparation and mixing of Hydrargyrum HYdrargum which is cleere thinne white and fluide is the best on the contrary that which is livid and not so fluide is thought to be adulterated by the admixture of some lead That it may be the purer straine it through some sheepes leather for by pressing it when it is bound up it passeth through by its subtlety and leaves the filth and leaden drosse behinde it on the inside Then it may be boyled in vinegar with sage rosemary time chamomile melilote and strained againe that so many waies cleansed it may enter into ointments and plaisters To kill it more surely it shall bee long wrought and as it were ground in a mortar that it may bee broken and separated into most small particles thatby this meanes it may not bee able to gather it selfe into the former body to which purpose you may also adde some sulphur or sublimate as we shall shew hereafter It is most usually mixed with hogs grease adding thereto some oyle of turpentine nutmegs cloves sage and Galens treacle If a Leucophlegmatia together with the Lues venerea affect the body then hot attenuating cutting and drying things shall be added to the medicine which shall be provided for unction the same shall be done when as we would have it to enter into the substance of the bones But if the patient be of a cholericke temper and his blood easie to be inflamed you shall make choice of lesse hot attractive and discussing things As when the body shall be replenished with knotty and scirrhous tumours or squalide by excessive drynesse then shall emollient and humecting things bee mixed therewith But that such ointments may have a better consistence I use to adde to each pound thereof four five or sixe yolkes of hard egges Therefore this shall be the forme of the ointment called Vigoes
discussing or drying according to the condition of the present disease symptomes humors and patient never omitting Hydrargyrum the onely antidote of this disease Such emplasters mitigate paines and knots and resolve all hardnesse and are absolutely very effectuall for continually sticking to the body they continually operate Wherefore they are of prime use in relapses of this disease or when the humours are thicke and viscous or otherwise lye deepe in the body and very difficult to roote out But for that they worke more slowly oft times such as use them are forced at length to use some frictions to stimulate nature and cause the speedier excretion Yet in some whose bodies and humours have beene fluid either by nature or art the applyed emplasters have in three dayes space procured evacuation sufficient for the disease so that if they had not beene taken away they would have caused a colliquation like that which we lately mentioned in too violent friction Wherefore you shall use the like discretion in taking off these as you use in your unctions and friction Instead of Emp. de Vigo this following may be fitly used â„ž massae emp. de melil oxycrocei an lb ss argenti vivi extin â„¥ vi olâ—o laurino de spica reducantur ad formam emplastri These plasters must be equally spread upon leather and layd upon the same places of the joints as were formerly mentioned in the cure by frictions Yet some there bee who cover with the plaster all the arme from the hand even to the shoulder and all the legge from the toppe of the knee even to the ends of the toes which thing I doe not disallow of if so bee that the places of the joints bee covered over with a thicker plaster They must bee left sticking there so long untill nature be stirred up and provoked to cause excretion of the virulent humours Yet if in the interim great itching shall arise in the parts you may take them off so long untill the parts shall be fomented with a decoction of the flowres of chamomile melilote red roses and the like made in wine to discusse that which caused the itching and then you may lay them on againe Some to hinder the rising of any itch lay not the bare plaster to the part but cover it over with sarceneâ— so to keepe it from sticking and thus intercept the transpiration of the part the cause of itching They shall bee stronger or weaker and lye to the part a longer or shorter space as long as the indications so often formerly mentioned shall seem to require The effects of emplasters are the same as of frictions for they cause excretion one while by insensible transpiration otherwhiles by a Diarrhaeâ— or fluxe of the belly sometimes by urines but most frequently which Crisis is also most certaine by salivation Sordide and virulent ulcers often breed in the mouth tongue pallate and gummes by salivation by reason of the acrimony of the virulent humors adhering to the sides of the mouth to hinder the growth of these many inject glysters made of emollient things especially at the beginning of the salivation so to draw downwards the humours forcibly flying up in greater quantity than is fit although the part it selfe may endure them There are also some who to the same end give a purging medicine at the very time when as the humours are ready to move upwards the which I thinke is not a safe course The cure of such ulcers is farre different from the cure of others For they ought by no meanes to bee repercussed or repelled how enflamed soever they be but onely to bee mitigated by anodyne gargarismes so onely to lessen the heat and that by this frequent washing of the mouth you may hinder the sticking or furring of viscide humours to such like ulcers A decoction of barly cowes milk warm held and gargled in the mouth the mucilages of the seeds of mallowes marsh-malloxes psilium lettuce line extracted in the water of barly mallowes and pellitory of the wall are good for this purpose for thus the ulcers become more milde and the tenacity of the adherent humours is loosed You must at the first beware of strong detergent medicines for almost all such have acrimony joyned with them which will encrease the pain but chiefly in the state of the disease for so the ulcers gently cleansed by frequent gargling would become worse by the use of acride things Therefore it shall be sufficient to make use of the forementioned medicines so to hinder the encrease of the filth and inflammation of the ulcers if so bee that such ulcers be not too exceeding maligne and burning For if it shall happen either by the powerfull efficacy of the applyed plasters or by the violence of nature in its motion of the ill humours upwards that such store of viscous and grosse humours are carryed to the mouth that it wants little but that the part it selfe is over-ruled by the morbificke matter so that by the violence and continuance of the fluxe the mouth and jawes become so swelled that a gangrene is to be feared by hindering the entrance of the spirits and extinguishing of the native heat of these parts In this case wee are forced to leave the proper cure for to withstand the accidents and for this purpose we use restrictive repelling things such as are barly water plantain night-shade knot-grasse shepheards Purse c. with syrupe of roses violets quinces berberies pomegranates c. also such are the mucilages and decoctions of the seeds of lettuce psilium quinces plantaine cucumbers melons white poppy hen-bane in the waters of roses plantaine night-shade water-lillies wood binâ— c. Also it is convenient to procure sweats by stoves or the application of any hot and dry things for thus the humours which run forth of the vessels into all the surface of the body are diverted But when as the course of the humours running to the mouth is beginning to stoppe and the tumours and ulcers begin to lessen then nothing hinders but that we may use gently detergent things as syr rosarum siccarum mel rosatum Diamoron Dianucum and the like But when it is time to dry the ulcers they may be lightly touched with alome water or with aqua fortis such as goldsmiths have used for the separation of mettals They may also frequently use drying gargarismes made with astriction of the waters of roses plantaine night-shade sheepheards purse knot grasse and dogges tongue boiling therein balaustia ros rub myrâ—il sumach alumen acacia berber galla malicor and the like During the time of fluxing or salivation you must diet and â—eed the patient with liquid meats and those of good juice and easie digestion for that then he can neither chaw swallow nor digest hard things For nature wholly intent upon the excretion of the noxious and peccant humours as also weakened by the bitternesse of paine watchings and
milk newly milked or warmed at the fire Milk doth not only conduce hereto being thus injected but also drunk for it hath a refrigerating and cleansing faculty and by the subtlety of the parts it quickly arrives at the urenary passages Furthermore it will be good to anoint with cerat refriger Galeni addita camphora or with ceratum santalinum ung comitissae or nutritum upon the region of the kidneyes loines and perinaeum as also to anoint the Cods and Yard But before you use the foresaid ointments or the like let them be melted over the fire but have a care that you make them not too hot lest they should lose their refrigerating quality which is the thing we chiefly desire in them Having used the foresaid ointment it will be convenient to apply thereupon some linnen clothes moistened in oxycrate composed ex aquis plantaginis solani sempervivi rosarum and the like If the patient bee tormented with intollerable paine in making water and also some small time after as it commonly commeth to passe I would wish him that he should make water putting his yard into a chamber-pot filled with milke or water warmed The paine by this meanes being asswaged we must come to the cleansing of the ulcers by this or the like injection â„ž hydromelitis symp â„¥ iv syr de rosis siccis de absinth an â„¥ ss fiat injectio But if there be need of more powerfull detersion you may safely adde as I have frequently tryed a little aegyptiacum I have also found this following decoction to bee very good for this purpose â„ž vini albi oderiferi lb ss aquar plantag ros an â„¥ ii auripigmenti Ê’ss viridis aeris ℈ i. aloës opt Ê’ss pulverisentur pulverisanda bulliant simul Keep the decoction for to make injection withall You may encrease or diminish the quantity and force of the ingredients entring into this composition as the patient and disease shall seeme to require The ulcers being thus cleansed we must hasten to dry them so that we may at length cicatrize them This may be done by drying up the superfluous moisture and strengthening the parts that are moistened and relaxed by the continuall defluxion for which purpose this following decoction is very profitable â„ž aq fabrorum lb i. psidiarum balaust nucum cupres conquassatorum an Ê’i ss sâ—â—in sumach herber an Ê’ii syrup rosar de absinth an â„¥ i. fiat decoctio You may keepe it for an injection to be often injected into the urethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow out thereat for then there is certaine hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshy excrescâ—uâ—â—s which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scâ—lding of the urine ASharpe humour which flowes from the Glandules termed Prostatae and continually runs alongst the urenary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the urethra in men but the necke of the wombe in women In these as also is usuall in other ulcers there sometimes growes up a superfluous flesh which oft times hinders the casting or comming forth of the seed urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischieves arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old For the latter are more difficulty to bee cured than the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oft times cicatrized Wee know that there are caruncles if the Cathâ—ter cannot freely passe alongst the passage of the urine but findes so many stops in the way as it meets with Caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water runne in a very small streame or two streames or crookedly or onely by droppe and droppe with such tormenting paine that he is ready to let goe his excrements yea and oft times doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed stayes at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to presse his yard to presse forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped whence proceeds such distention of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing backe into the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinaeum cod yard groines As soone as we by any of the forementioned signes shall suspect that there is a Caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure therof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so bigge that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily ghesse at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive therat The fittest season for the undertaking thereof is the spring and the next thereto is winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidneyes spermaticke vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and waxe hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence aboundance of excrements in the affected parts much hindering the cure You must beware of acrid and corroding things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the urethra being endued with most exquisite sense may bee easily offended whence might ensue many and ill accidents Neither must wee be frighted if at some times wee see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helpes to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by taking away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it selfe is eased from the oppressing burden for the materiall cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherfore unlesse such bleeding happen of it selfe it is not amisse to procure it by thrusting in a Cathaeter somewhat hard yet with good advise If the Caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasmes plasters and fumigations you may thus a make fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alâ— an â„¥ iv rad bryaniâ— foenicul an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m ss sem lini faenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contuâ—denda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aqua communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft sponges Of the masse of the strained-out things you may make a cataplasme after this manner â„ž praedicta
materialia terantur trajiciantur adde â—xungiae porci unguenti basiliconis an â„¥ ii fiat cataplasma let it be applyed presently after the fomentation You may use this following liniment whilest the cataplasme is providing â„ž unguenti alth agrippae an â„¥ iss oesipi humidae axung human an â„¥ i. butyri recentis olei lilior chamaem an Ê’vi liquefiant simul addendo aquae vitae â„¥ i. fiat linimentum let it bee applyed outwardly upon the part wherein the Caruncles are For the same purpose plasters shall bee applyed which may bee diversified and fitted as you shall thinke good yet Emplastrum de Vigo truly made exceedeth all the rest in a mollifying faculty and in wasting such callous hardnesse The following fumigation is also good for the same purpose take some pieces of a mille-stone for this wee use in stead of the pyrites mentioned by the Ancients or else some Brickes of a large size after they are heated hot in the fire let them be put into a pan and set under a close stoole then cause the patient to sit thereon as if hee were going to stoole then poure upon the hot stones equall parts of very sharpe vinegar and very good Aqua vitae and casting clothes about him that nothing may exhale in vaine let him receive the ascending vapour at his Fundament Perinaeum Scrotum and Urethra Moreover that this medicine may worke the better effect you may put the Patient naked into the Barrell noted with this letter A. so that he may sit upon a seate or borde perforated on that part whereas his Genitalls are then place the pan holding the hot stones between his legges then presently sprinkle the stones with the forementioned liquor by the doore marked with the letter B. Thus the Patient shall easily receive the fume that exhales therefrom and none thereof bee lost he covering and vailing himselfe on every side Such a fumigation in Galens opinion hath a faculty to penetrate cut resolve soften and digest scirrhous hardnesses A Barrell fitted to receive the Fume in CHAP. XXIII What other remedies shall be used to Caruncles occasioned by the Lues venerea BUT if you suspect that these Caruncles come or are occasioned by a virulent humour or the malignity of the Lues venerea it is meet that the patient observe such a diet as usually is prescribed to such as are troubled with the Lues venerea let him use a decoction of Guajacum and let the perinaeum and the whole yard bee anointed with ointment made for the Lues venerea otherwise the Surgion will lose his labour In the interim whilest hee shall sweat in his bed he shall bee wished to hold betweene his legges a stone bottle filled with hot water or else a hot bricke wrapped in linnen cloathes moistened in vinegar and aqua vitae for thus the heat and vapour will ascend to the genitalls which together with the helpe of the applyed ointment will dissolve the matter of the Caruncles and being thus softened they must be consumed with convenient medicines Wherefore first if they become callous or cicatrized which you may suspect if they cast forth no excrementitious humidity they shall be exasperated excoriated and torne with a leaden Cathaeter having a rough button at the end like a round file He shall so long use the Cathaeter put into the Urethra thrusting it up and downe the same way so long and often as hee shall thinke fit for the breaking and tearing the Caruncles hee shall permit them thus torne to bleed freely so to ease the affected part You may also for the same purpose put into the Urethra the Cathaeter marked with this letter B. whereinto putting a silver wiar sharp at the upper end that by often thrusting it in and out it may wear and make plain the resisting caruncles Verily by this meanes I have helped many much perplexed with the fearefull danger of this disease Some better like of the Cathaeter marked with the letter A. being thus used it is thrust into the Urethra with the prominent cutting sides downewards and then pressing the yard on the outside close with your hand to the Cathaeter in the place where the Caruncles are it is drawn forth againe Cathaeters fit to weare asunder or teare Caruncles A. sheweth the Cathaeter with the inserted silver wiar but not hanging forth thereat B. sheweth the Cathaeter with the inserted silver wiar hanging forth at the end The thus torne Caruncle shall bee strawed over with the following pouder being very effectuall to waste and consume all Caruncles of the privities without much paine â„ž herb sabin in umbra exsiccat Ê’ ii ocrae antimon tuth praparat an Ê’ ss fiat pulv subtilissimus let it bee applyed in the following manner Put the powder into the pipe or Cathaeter having holes in the sides thereof the which is the lowermost of the last described Then put the Cathater into the urenary passage untill the slit or opennesse of the side come to the Caruncle then into the hollownesse of the Cathaeter put a silver wiar wrapped about the end with a little linnen ragge which as it is thrust up will also thrust up the pouder therwith untill it shall come to the slit against the caruncle then will it adhere to the caruncle bloody by reason of the late attrition Then shall you draw forth the Cathater first twining it about that so it may not scrape off the pouder againe If intollerable paine hereupon happen it shall bee asswaged and the inflammation restrained by the following injection â„ž succorum portulacae plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ss album ovorum nu vi agitentur diu in mortario plumbeo let it be injected warme into the urethra with a syringe In stead hereof you may also make use of another injection which is formerly prescribed Neither will it be unprofitable to apply repercussives to the genitalls to hinder pain and inflammation You may also use other medicines having a faculty to consume the Caruncle amongst which these following are excellent â„ž viridis aeris auripigmenti vitriol Rom. aluminis roch an â„¥ ii infundantur omnia in acet acerrimo atque inter duo marmora in pollinem redigantur then let it be exposed to the summer sunne and dryed againe infused in sharp vinegar and then as before grownd upon a marble so that you shall finde nothing sharpe with your fingers lastly let it be opposed to the sunne untill it may bee made into most subtle pouder and all the acrimony be vanished which will be commonly in eight dayes space Then â„ž ol rosat â„¥ iv lythargyri â„¥ ii coquantur ad ignem quousque coiërint in emplast solidae consistentiae ab ignetum semotis adde pulv praedict â„¥ ii let them bee mixed with a spatula and put upon the fire untill it come to so hard a consistence that it will sticke to
a waxe candle or lead wiar so that it may not come off by handling with your hands The Surgeons of Mantpelier use this medicine This following is another â„ž tuthiae praepar Ê’ vi antimonii Ê’ iii. trochisc alborum Rhas camphorat Ê’ i. corticis granati aluminis usti an Ê’ i ss spongia ustae ℈ ii let them all be made into pouder then â„ž ung diapo â—pholigos alb Rhasis an â„¥ ii misceantur cum praedictis pulveribus in mortario plumbeo diu agitentur let a very fine ragge bee spread over with this ointment and wrapped about a waxe candle and so thrust into the Urethra and then draw forth the candle againe by twining it a contrary way so let the end of the ragge hang out of the yard so to plucke it forth againe when as you shall thinke it hath done what it can to the Caruncle which is when it hath covered it with the medicine with which it was spread Some also make waxe candles with a slender but stiffe weeke whose end which is to be put to weare and consume the Caruncle is composed of the following medicine â„ž emplastri nigri vel diachylonis ireati â„¥ ii pul sabinae ocrae vitriol Rom. calcin pul mer. an Ê’ ss omnia liquescant simul ad dictum usum Whilest the cure shall bee in hand by these following medicines let the patient bee carefull that he so shake his yard after making water that he may shake forth all the reliques of the urine which may chance to stoppe at the Caruncles for if but one droppe should stay there it would be sufficient to spoile the whole operation of the applyed medicines After that the Caruncle shall bee worne away and wholly consumed by the described medicines which you may know by the urine flowing forth freely and in a full streame and by thrusting up a Cathaeter into the bladder without any stoppage then it remaines that the ulcers be dryed cicatrized for which purpose the following injection is very powerfull and effectuall and without any acrimony â„ž aq fabrorum lb ss nuc cupress gallar cort granat an Ê’ i ss alum roch Ê’ ss bulliant omnia simul secund art so make a decoction for an injection which you shall use so long untill no excrementitious humidity distill out of the yard The following pouder dryes more powerfully and consequently hastens forwards cicatrization and it is also without acrimony â„ž lapidem calamin lotum test as over â—m ust as corallum rubrum corticom granat comminue omnia in pollinem let this pouder be used to the ulcers with a waxe candle joyned to some unguentum desiccativum rubrum or some such like thing Also strings or rods of lead thrust into the urethra as thicke as the passage will suffer even to the ulcers being first be smeared with quicksilver and kept in day and night as long as the patient can endure are good to be used For they dry by their touch and cicatrize they dilate the urenary passage without paine and lastly hinder the sides of the ulcer from corrupting one another CHAP. XXIIII Of venereall Buboes or swellings in the Groines THe virulency of the Lues venerea is sometimes communicated to the Liver which if it have a powerfull expulsive faculty it expells it into the groines as the proper emunctories thereof whence proceed venereall Bubo's The matter of these for the most part is abundance of cold tough and viscous humours as you may gather by the hardnesse and whitenesse of the tumour the pravity of the paine and contumacy of curing which also is another reason besides these that wee formerly mentioned why the virulency of this disease may bee thought commonly to fasten it selfe in a phlegmaticke humour Yet sometimes venereall Bubo's proceed from a hot acride and cholericke humour associated with great pain and heat and which therupon often degenerate into virulent corroding ulcers Some venereous Bubo's are such conjoyned accidents of the Lues venerea that they foretell it such are these which for a small while shew a manifest tumour and suddenly without any manifest occasion hide themselves againe and returne backe to the noble parts Others are distinct from the Lues venerea though they have a similitude of essence and matter therewith and which therefore may be healed the Lues venerea yet remaining uncured Such are these which are usually seen and which therefore compared with the former may be termed simple and not implicit For the cure you must not use discussing medicins lest resolving the more subtle part the grosser dregs become impact and concrete there but much lesse must we use repercussives for that the matter is virulent Wherefore onely attractive and suppurating medicines are here to bee used agreeable to the humour predominant and causing the tumour as more hot things in aedematous and scirrhous tumours than in those which resemble the nature of a phlegmon or erysipelas the indication taken from the rarity and density of bodies insinuates the same variety The applying of cupping glasses is very effectuall to draw it forth But when as it is drawne forth you shall forthwith apply an emplasticke medicine and then you shall come to suppuratives When the tumour is ripe it shall be opened with a potentiall cautery if it proceed from a cold cause for by the inducing of heat the residue of the crude matter is more easily concocted besides when as an ulcer of this kinde is opened the matter will bee more easily evacuated neither shall it bee fit to use any tent but onely to apply pledgets The residue of the cure shall bee performed by detergent medicines and then if need require the patient shall be let blood and the humours evacuated by a purging medicine but not before the perfect maturity thereof CHAP. XXV Of the Exostosis bunches or knots growing upon the bones by reason of the Lues Venerea HArd Tumours Exostoses and knots have their matter from thicke and tough phlegme which cannot be dissolved unlesse by hot medicines which have a mollifying dissolving faculty For which purpose besides those medicines which usually are applyed to seirrous tumours you must also make use of arg viv commonly after this manner empl filii Zach. Ceronei an â„¥ iii. euphorb â„¥ ss euplast de vigo â„¥ ii iter at aesyp descript Philagr â„¥ i. argent vivi extinct â„¥ vi fiat emplastrum Spread it upon leather for your use In the meane space let the patient observe a sparing dyet for thus hee shall bee helped if so be that the substance of the bones be yet unperished For if it be putrefyed rotten then the described medicines are of no use but you must of necessity lay bare the bone either by incision or else by an actuall or potentiall cautery but I had rather doe it with an actuall for that it extracts the virulency impact in the bones as
occasion or kind of contagion often times receive cure For first you shal cause the nurse to use the aqua theriacalis hereunder described for the space of 20 or more daies that so she may the better arm herself against the contagion of this disease yeeld milk which may have the faculty both of meat and medicine she shall be carefull as often as she gives the child suck to wash and dry her teat or pap lest the virulency that the child breathes out at his mouth be impact in the little holes of the teat through which the milk flowes out Now the pustules of little children shall bee anointed with some ointment that receives argentum vivum in some small quantity as unguentum enulatum cum mercurio or the like Then shall it be swathed or bound up in swathes and clothes aired with the formerly described fumigations For the rest it shall be kept as warm as you can in some warm place These the like must be done not in one continued course but at severall seasons otherwise it is to be feared that it would cause ulcers to arise in the mouth or else salivation If any ulcers arise in the mouth and spread therein they shall be touched with the formerly described waters but made somewhat weaker having regard to the tender age of the patient if the infant shall get this disease of its nurse let the nurse be presently changed for it being otherwise nourished with tainted and virulent bloud can never be healed Many have by these meanes recovered but such as have perisht have not perisht by the default of medicines but by the malignity and vehemency of the disease A description of the aqua Theriacalis or treacle water formerly mentioned â„ž rasur interior ligni sancti gummosi lb ii polypod querni â„¥ iv vini albi dulcedinis expertis lb ii aqua font an puriss lb viii aquar cichor fumar an â„¥ iv sem junip. heder baccar lauri an â„¥ ii caryophil macis an â„¥ ss cort citri saccharo condit cons ros anthos cichor buglos borag an â„¥ ss cons anulae camp thâ—riac vet mithrid an â„¥ ii distill them all in balneo Mariae after the following manner Let the Guajacum bee infused in equall parts of wine and the forementioned waters for the space of twelve houres and the residue of the things in that which remaines of the same wine and waters for sixe houres space beating such things as may require it then let them bee mixed altogether that so the liquor may be endued with all their faculties Which that it may be the more effectually performed let them be boyled put up in glasse bottles closely stopped for some three or four hours space in a large kettle filled with boiling water then let them be put into a glasse alembicke and so distilled Give â„¥ iv of this distilled liquor at once being aromatized with Ê’i of cinamon and ℈ i. of Diamargariton and â„¥ ss of sugar to give it a pleasing taste Such a drinke doth not onely retunde the virulency of the Lues venerea but strengthens the noble parts Rondeletius makes an aqua theriacalis after this manner â„ž theriac vet lb i. acetos m iii. rad gram â„¥ iii. puleg. card ben an m ii flor chamaem p ii temperentur omnia in vino albo distillentur in vase vitrio reserve the water for use whereof let the patient take â„¥ ii with â„¥ iii. of sorrell and buglosse water he wisheth this to be done when he shall enter into bed or a stove for so this distilled liquor will cause sweat more easily and mitigate paine whether given by it selfe or with a decoction of Grommell or of chyna or burre-docke roots yet if the patient bee of a phlegmaticke constitution hee shall use a decoction of Guajacum in stead of a decoction of chyna for it penetrates more speedily by reason of its subtlety of parts and also expells the dolorificke matter The End of the Nineteenth Booke OF THE SMALL POCKS AND MEAZLES AS ALSO OF VVORMES AND THE LEPROSIE THE TWENTIETH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pockes and Meazles FOR that the small Pocks and Meazles are diseases which usually are forerunners and foretellers of the plague not only by the corruption of humours but oft times by default of the aire moreover for that wormes are oft times generated in the plague I have thought good to write of these things to the end that by this treatise the young Surgeon may bee more amply and perfectly instructed in that pestilent disease Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humours in the body Now the small pocks are pustles and the meazels spots which arise in the top of the skinne by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by the force of nature Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the wombe which lying still or quiet for some space of time but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter summer or a foutherly or rainy season or a hidden malignity in the aire and boyling up or working with the whole masse of the blood spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body An argument hereof is there are few or none who have not beene troubled with this disease at least once in their lives which when it begins to shew it selfe not content to set upon some one it commonly seazeth upon more now commonly there is as much difference betweene the small pockes and meazles as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo For the small pocks arise of a more grosse and viscous matter to wit of a phlegmaticke humour But the meazles of a more subtle and hot that is a cholericke matter therefore this yeilds no markes thereof but certaine small spots without any tumour and these either red purple or blacke But the small pockes are extuberating pustles white in the midst but red in the circumference an argument of blood mixed with choller yet they are scarce knowne at the beginning that is on the first or second day they appeare but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tumour becomming white before they turne into a scab but the meazles remaine still the same Furthermore the small pockes pricke like needles by reason of a certaine acrimony and cause an itching the meazles doe neither either because the matter is not so acride and biting or else for that it is more subtle it easily exhales neither is it kept shut up under the skinne The patients often sneese when as these matters seek passage out by reason of the putride vapoures ascending from the lower parts upwards to the braine They are
if they bee often rubbed therewith In stead here of many use the swathe of Bacon rubbed warme thereon also the distilled waters of beane flowers lilly roots reed-roots egge-shels and oile of egs are thought very prevalent to waste and smoothe the Pock-arres A Discourse of certaine monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in the microcosmos or lesser world there are winds thunders earthquakes showres inundations of waters sterilities fertilities stones mountaines and sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise For who can deny but that there is winde conteined shut up in Flatulent abscesses and in the guts of those that are troubled with the cholicke Flatulencies make so great a noyse in divers womens bellies if so be you stand neare them that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night time That water is contained in watery abseesses and the belly of such as have the dropsie is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles than the earth when it is heard to bellow and felt to shake under our feet He which shall see the stones which are taken out of the bladder come from the kidnies and divers other parts of the bodie cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies Furthermore wee see both men women who in their face or some other parts shew the impression or imprinted figure of a cherry plumb service fig mulberry the like fruit the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty and the tendernesse of the yeelding and waxe-like embxyon easie to be brought into any forme or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity For you shall find that all their mothers whilest they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things which whilest they have too earnestly agitated in their mindes they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe whilest that they could not enjoy the things themselves Now who can deny but that bunches on the backe and large wens resemble mountaines Who can gainsay but that squalide sterility may bee assimulated to the hectick dryness of wasted and consumed persons and fertility deciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly But that divers creatures are generated in one creature that is in man and that in sundry parts of him the following histories shall make it evident Hollerius tels that a certaine Italian by frequent smelling to the herbe Basill had a Scorpion bred in his braine which caused long and vehement paine and at length death therefore I have here exprest the figure of that Scorpion found when as his braine was opened The figure of a Scorpion It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and originall of this Scorpion probable for that Chrysippus Dyophanes and Pliny write that of basill beaten betweene two stones and laid in the sun therewill come Scorpions Fernelius writes that in a certaine souldier who was flat nosed upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certaine filthy matter that flowed out of the nose that there were generated two hairy wormes of the bignesse of ones finger which at length made him mad he had no manifest feaver and he died about the twentieth day this was their shape by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words The effigies of the wormes mentioned by Fernelius Lewes Duret a man of great learning and credit told mee that hee had come forth with his urine after a long and difficult disease a quick creature of colour red but otherwise like in shape a Millepes that is a Cheslope or Hog-louce The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine Count Charles of Mansfieldt last summer troubled with a grievous and continuall feaver in the duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard in the shape of a live thing almost just in this forme The shape of a thing cast forth by urine Monstrous creatures also of sundry formes are also generated in the wombes of women somewiles alone otherwhiles with a mola and sometimes with a child naturally and well made as frogs toads serpents lizzards which therefore the Ancients have turmed the Lumbards brethren for that it was usuall with their women that together with their naturall and perfect issue they brought into the world wormes serpents and monstrous creatures of that kinde generated in their wombes for that they alwaies more respected the deckling of their bodies than they did their diet For it happened whilest they fed on fruits weeds and trash and such things as were of ill juice they generated a putride matter or certainely very subject to putrefaction and corruption and consequently opportune to generate such unperfect creatures Joubertus telleth that there were two Italian women that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth the one that marryed a Tailor brought forth a thing so little that is resembled a Rat without a taile but the other a Gentlewoman brought forth a larger for it was of the bignesse of a Cat both of them were black and as soone as they came out of the wombe they ran up high on the wall and held fast thereon with their nailes Licosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia in the streete which taketh name from the holy Ghost was delivered of a dead child who had a serpen fastned upon his back which fed upon this dead child as you perceive by this following figure The figure of a serpent fastned to a child Levinus Lemnius tels a very strange history to this purpose Some few yeares agone saith he a certaine woman of the Isle in Flanders which being with child by a Sailer her belly swelled up so speedily that it seemed shee would not bee able to carry her burden to the terme prescribed by nature her ninth moneth being ended she calls a midwife and presently after strong throwes and paines shee first brought forth a deformed lumpe of flesh having as it were two handles on the sides stretched forth to the length and manner of armes and it moved and panted with a certain vitall motion after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles but afterwards there came forth of her wombe a monster with a crooked nose a long and round necke terrible eies a sharpe taile and wonderfull quick of the feet it was shaped much after this manner The shape of a monster that came forth of a womans wombe As soone as it came into the light it filled the whole roome with a noise and hissing running to every side to
Aire The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulency in the body which may be done by correcting the excesse of the quality inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrary For if it bee hotter than is meet it must bee tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For wee ought besides to amend purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity diffused through it by smels and perfumes resisting the poyson thereof The body will be strengthened and more powerfully resist the infected Aire if it want excrementitious humours which may be procured by purging and bleeding and for the rest a convenient diet appointed as shunning much variety of meats and hot and moyst things and all such which are easily corrupted in the stomacke and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satiety and drunkennesse for both of them weaken the powers which are preserved by the moderate use of meats of good juice Let moderate exercises in a cleare Aire and free from any venemous tainture precede your meales Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art Let the heart the seat of life and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applyed and taken as wee shall hereafter shew in the forme of epithemes ointments emplasters waters pills powders tablets opiates fumigations and such like Make choice of a pure Aire free from all pollution far remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserve life to recreate and repaire the spirits where as on the contrary a cloudy or mistie Aire and such as is infected with grosse and stinking vapours duls the spirits dejects the appetite makes the body faint and ill coloured oppresseth the heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern wind is healthfull because it is cold and dry But on the contrary the Southerne wind because it is hot and moyst weakens the body by sloth or dulnesse opens the pores and makes them pervious to the pestiferous malignity The Westerne winde is also unwholesome because it comes neere to the nature of the Southerne wherefore the windowes must bee shut up on that side of the house on which they blow but opened on the North and East side unless it happen the Plague come from thence Kindle a cleare fire in all the lodging Chambers of the house and perfume the whole house with Aromatick things as Frankinsence Myrthe Benzoine Ladanum Styrax Roses Myrtle-leaves Lavender Rosemary Sage Savory wilde Time Marjerome Broome Pine-apples pieces of Firre Juniper berries Cloves Perfumes and let your cloathes be aired in the same There be some who think it a great preservative against the pestilent Aire to keep a Goat in their houses because the capacity of the houses filled with the strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibits the entrance of the venemous Aire which same reason hath place also in sweet smels and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague than those who have eaten moderately for the body is not onely strengthened with meat but all the passages thereof are filled by the vapours diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Aire would finde a more easie entrance to the heart Yet the common sort of People yeeld another reason for the Goat which is that one ill sent drives away another as one wedge drives forth another which calleth to my mind that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus that there was a Scythian Physician which caused a Plague arising from the infection of the Aire to cease by causing all the dogs cats such like beasts which were in the City to be killed and cast their carcasses up down the streets that so by the comming of this new putride vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its Lodging so the Plague ceased For poysons have not onely an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other poysons Whilest the Plague is hot it is not good to stirre out of doore before the rising of the Sunne wherefore wee must have patience untill hee have cleansed the Aire with the comfortable light of his Beames and dispersed all the foggy and nocturnall pollutions which commonly hang in the Aire in dirty and especially in low places and Vallies All publike and great meetings and assemblies must be shunned If the Plague begin in Summer and seeme principally to rage being helped forward by the summers heat it is the best to performe a journey begun or undertaken for performance of necessary affaires rather upon the night time than on the day because the infection takes force strength and subtlety of substance by which it may more easily permeate and enter in by the heat of the Sun but by night mens bodies are more strong and all things are more grosse and dense But you must observe a cleane contrary course if the malignity seeme to borrow strength and celerity from coldnesse But you must alwayes eschew the beames of the Moone but especially at the full For then our bodies are more languid and weake and fuller of excrementitious humours Even as trees which for that cause must be cut down in their season of the Moone that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently use some means that the principall parts may be strengthened by suscitating the heat spirits that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may bee shut up from the infection comming from without Such as by the use of garlick have not their heads troubled nor their inward parts inflamed as Countrey people and such as are used to it to such there can can bee no more certaine preservative and antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnall obscurity than to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fils up the passages thereof and strengtheneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Aire wee must wholly shun and avoyd raine-water because it cannot but bee infected by the contagion of the Aire Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapours contained in the earth you must make choice of Raine-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boiling it and to preferre that water before other which is pure and cleare to the sight and without either tast or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordiall Remedies by which we may preserve our bodies in feare of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch
yeare but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becommeth very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectuall both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubarbe with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the comming of the pestilent Aire as also this composition following Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Buglosse of each three drammes of Citron seeds halfe an ounce of Annise seeds and Fennell seeds of each one dram of Angelica roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a Confection and cover it with leaves of Gold and take a little of it out of a spoone before you goe abroad every morning Or take of Pine-Apple kernels and Fistick nuts infused for the space of sixe hours in the water of Scabious and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters halfe a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram and a halfe of Angelica roots foure scruples make them according to art unto the forme of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectuall in such a ease Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentill Valerian Elecampaine Eringoes of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrell seeds and Zedoarie of each one scruple of the Species of the Electuarie Diamargariton Frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Buglosse preserved Citron pils Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine sugar dissolved in Scabious and Carduus water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat The pils of Ruffus are accounted most effectuall preservatives so that Ruffus himselfe saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes halfe a dram of Gumme Ammoniacum two drammes of Myrrhe two drams and an halfe of Masticke two drams of Saffron seven graines Put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrupe of Lemons and make thereof a masse and let it bee kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat let him drinke the water of Sorrell after it which through its tartnesse and the thinnesse of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrell being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtfull And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pils Aloes doth cleanse and purge Myrrhe resists putrefaction Mastick strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that governe the body especially the vitall and animall Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrhe halfe an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarbe in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Masticke one dram and a half of Citron seeds twelve grains Powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a masse with the syrupe of Maiden-haire Let it be used as afore-said If the masse begin to waxe hard the pils that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrupe of Lemons Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrhe half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoarie red Saunders of each one dram of bole Armenick prepared two drams of red Coral half an ounce of Camphire halfe a scruple make thereof pils according to Art But those that are subject or apt to the haemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldome to use those kindes of pils that doe receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasell Nut of the preservative following and dranke a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stâ—ng by some venemous beast and for this onely because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with child the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawne away from the child Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of locall medicines to be applied outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to bee neglected to bee applied outwardly or carried in the hand And such are all aromaticall astringent or spirituous things which therfore are endued with vertue to repell the venemous and pestiferous aire from comming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and the braine Of this kind are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worme-wood Cloves Nutmegs Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must bee macerated one night in sharpe Vinegar and Aquavitae and then tyed in a knot as bigge as an egge or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous vertue and strength of aromaticke things than a sponge Wherefore it is of principall use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithemes and Fomentations to the heart Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the yeere and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equall parts of Vinegar of Roses and Rose water into which you must dippe a sponge which rowled in a faire linnen cloath you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Wormewood halfe a handfull ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drammes of Vinegar and Rose water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme beat and mixe them all well together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above-said They may also bee enclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or Cypresse and so
for your use and so soone as the patient doth thinke himselfe to be infected let him take foure ounces of that liquor then let him walke and sweate He must leave sweating when he beginneth to waxe faint and weake or when the humour that runs downe his body begins to waxe cold then his body must be wiped with warme clothes and dryed The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomacke for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity goe in wardly with the heat and spirits unto the principall parts but if the patient bee much inclined to sleep hee must bee kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tyed about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keepe him from sleepe dissolve Castoreum in tart Vinegar and Aqua vitae and let it bee injected into his nostrils and let him bee kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venome and let him not sleep above three or foure houres on a day and night In the meane time let the Physician that shall bee present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weake you must not let him eate within three houres after his sweating in the meane season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron conserve of Roses bread toasted and steeped in wine the meat of a preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principall parts THere are also some topick medicines to bee reckoned amongst Antidotes which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordiall and hepaticke Epithemes for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate aire farre from the bowels they may be made of cordiall things not onely hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercusse They must be applyed warme with a scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle doe not possesse the regions of the noble parts for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithemes after the following formes ℞ aquar ros plantag solan an ℥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an ℥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an ʒiii theriac vet ℥ ss camph. ℈ ii croci ℈ i. carioph ʒss misce fiat epithema Or else R. aqu ros plantag an ℥ x. aceti ros ℥ iv carioph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an ʒiss caphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithemae Or ℞ aquar rosar melissae an ℥ iv aceti ros ℥ iii. sant rub ʒi caryophyl ʒss croci ℈ ii caphurae ℈ i. boli arm terraesigil zedoar an ʒi fiat epithema Or else ℞ aceti rosat aquae rosat an lb. ss caphuraeʒss theriac mithridat an ʒi fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph. buglos acetosae aceti rosar an lb. ss sant rub ros rub an ʒiii flor nenuph. violar caphur an ʒss mithrid theriac an ʒii terantur misceantur simul omnia When you intend to use them take some portion of them in a vessell by its selfe wherewith let the affected bowell be fomented warme CHAP. XXIIII Whether purging and bloud-letting bee necessary in the beginning of pestilent diseases SO soon as the heart is strengthened corroberated with cordials antidotes we must come to phlebotomy purging As concerning bloud-letting in this case there is a great controversie among Physicians Those that wish it to be used say or affirme that the pestilent Feaver doth infixe it selfe in the bloud and therein also the pestilent malignity taketh its seate and therefore it will soone infect the other humours unlesse that the bloud be evacuated the infection that remaineth in the bloud be thereby taken away Contrariwise those that do not allow phlebotomy in this case alledge that it often commeth to passe that the bloud is voyd of malignity when the other humours are infected with the venemous contagion If any man require my judgement in this doubtfull question I say that the pestilence sometimes doth depend on the default of the aire This default being drawne through the passages of the body doth at length pierce unto the entrals as we may understand by the abscesses which breake out one while behind the eares sometimes in the arme-holes and sometimes in the groines as the braine heart or liver are infected And hereof also come Carbuncles and other collections of matter and eruptions which are seene in all parts of the body by reason that nature using the strength of the expulsive faculty doth drive forth whatsoever is noysome or hurtfull Therefore if the Physician will follow this motion of nature he must neither purge nor let bloud lest that by a contrary motion that is by drawing in from without the motion of nature which proceeds outwardly from within should be troubled So wee often see in those who are purged or let bloud for such Buboes as come through unlawfull copulation that the matter is thereby made contumacious and by drawing it inwardly it speedily causeth the French Pocks Wherefore when Buboes Carbuncles and other pestilent eruptions appeare which come through the default of the Aire we ought to abstain from purging and phlebotomie but it is sufficient to fore-arme the heart inwardly and outwardly with Antidotes that are endued with a proper vertue of resisting the poyson For it is not to bee doubted but that when nature is debilitated with both kindes of evacuation and when the spirits together with the bloud are exhausted the venemous Aire will soone pierce and be received into the empty body where it exerciseth its tyranny to the utter destruction thereof In the yeare of our Lord God 1565. in which yeare there was great mortality throughout all France by reason of the pestilence and pestilent diseases I earnestly diligently enquired of all the Physicians Chirurgians of all the Cities through which King Charles the ninth passed in his progresse unto Bayon what successe their patients had after they were letten bloud and purged whereunto they all answered alike that they had diligently observed that all that were infected with the Pestilence and were letten bleed some good quantity of bloud or had their bodies some-what strongly purged thence forwards waxed weaker and weaker and so at length dyed but others which were not let bloud nor purged but took cordiall
that are more weake halfe a dram It is better to give the infusion in a decoction than in substance for being elected and prepared truly into Trochises it may be called a most divine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praysed by the experience of many but because I know the use thereof is condemned by the councell and decree of the School of Physicians at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweats are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous Ayre among whom the efficacy of that which followeth hath beene proved to the great good of many in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germany as Matthias Rodler Chancellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified unto me by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye with foure pints of water then they doe set it over the fire and boyle it in a vessell of earth well leaded untill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling unto the bottome like unto salt whereof they make Trochisces of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolve one or two of those Trochisces according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and give it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that hee hath drunke it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bed and there sweat him two or three houres and then he will vomit and his belly will bee loosed as if hee had taken Antimony and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedy betimes and before the disease went unto their heart as I my selfe have proved in some that were sicke at Paris with most happy successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physicians being taken and applyed inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I have heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physician of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoves drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approved remedie against the Pestilence as he and many other have often found by experience For the plague is no other thing but a very great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoves being melted by the sun and force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken will performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolve a little weight of the seed of Rue being bruised in Muskadine with the quantity of a Beane of Treacle and so drinke it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaves or tops of Broome in halfe a pint of white wine and so give it to the patient to drinke to cause him to vomit loose his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they bind broome above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venome from going any nearer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampaine Gentian Tormentill Kermes berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe a dram they doe bruise and beate all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twenty houres in white wine and Aqua vitae on the warm embers and then straine it and give the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poyson and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Bean dissolve them in white wine and a little Aqua vitae and let the patient drinke it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vinegar under the embers and then straine it and mixe the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or any other cordiall thing and with strong wine and give the patient to drinke thereof to provoke sweat and to repell the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a big Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little Aqua vitae then straine it and give the patient thereof to drink There be some that doe drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vinegar and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Wall-nuts and then by much walking doe unburthen their stomack and belly upwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dryed leaves of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunke is thought to bee a most soveraigne medicine to provoke sweat loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Mathiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuary de Gommis will drive away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit looseness of the belly sweat one dram of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oyle of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poyson by vomit therewithall they anoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrests of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and wel exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but onely move the humours whereby commeth a Feaver When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomack and withhold the agitation or working of the humours and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignity be carryed into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that cover it which inflammation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgement and sometimes-the memory according to the situation of the inflammation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fiery rednesse of the eyes and face and heavinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with
a bason under it to receive the water which by dropping may resemble raine Let the soles of the feet and palmes of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lye far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THE skinne in pestilent feavers is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in forme like unto a graine of millet The more spots appeare the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulency of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow browne violet or purple blew and blacke And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore wee call them Purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and forme of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i Butterflies because they doe suddenly seaze or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflyes sometimes the face sometimes the armes and legges and sometimes all the whole body often times they doe not onely affect the upper part of the skin but goe deeper into the flesh specially when they proceed of matter that is grosse and adust They doe sometimes appeare great and broad affecting the whole arme legge or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humour that offends in quality or quantity If they are of a purple or black colour with often swouning and sinke in suddenly without any manifest cause they foreshew death The cause of the breaking out of those spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venome received or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent feaver many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humours in the body that neither the Sores nor Carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as forerunners of death Sometimes they breake out alone without a Botch or Carbuncle which if they bee red and have no evill symptomes joyned with them they are not wont to prove deadly they appeare for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimes later and sometimes they appeare not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Wherefore then principally the putride heat which is greatest a little before the death of the patient drives the excremental humors which are the matter of the spots unto the skin or else because nature in the last conflict hath contended with some greater endeavour than before which is common to all things that are ready to dye a little before the instant time of death the pestilent humour being presently driven unto the skinne and nature thus weakened by this extreme conflict falleth downe prostrate and is quite overthrowne by the remnant of the matter CHAP. XXIX Of the Cure of Eruptions and Spots YOU must first of all take heed lest you drive in the humour that is comming outwards with repercussives therfore beware of cold all purging things Phlebotomy and drowsie or sound sleeping For all such things doe draw the humours inwardly and work contrary to nature But it is better to provoke the motion of nature outwardly by applying of drawing medicines outwardly and ministring medicines to provoke sweat inwardly for otherwise by repelling stopping the matter of the eruptions there will bee great danger lest the heart be oppressed with the abundance of the venome flowing back or else by turning into the belly it inferres a mortall bloody fluxe which discommodities that they may bee avoided I have thought good to set downe this remedy whose efficacy I have knowne and proved many times and on divers persons when by reason of the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty and the thicknesse of the skinne the matter of the spots cannot breake forth but is constrained to lurke under the skin lifting it up into bunches and knobs I was brought unto the invention of this remedy by comparison of the like For when I understood that the essence of the French pockes and likewise of the pestilence consisted in a certain hidden virulency and venemous quality I soon descended unto that opinion that even as by the anointing of the body with the unguent compounded of Quick-silver the grosse and clammy humors which are fixed in the bones and unmoveable are dissolved relaxed and drawne from the center into the superficiall parts of the body by strengthening and stirring up the expulsive faculty and evacuated by sweating and fluxing at the mouth that so it should come to passe in pestilent Feavers that nature being strengthened with the same kinde of unction might unloade her selfe of some portion of the venemous and pestilent humour by opening the pores and passages and letting it breake forth into spots and pustles and into all kind of eruptions Therefore I have anointed many in whom nature seemed to make passage for the venemous matter very slowly first loosing their belly with a Clister and then giving them Treacle water to drinke which might defend the vitall faculty of the heart but yet not distend the stomack as though they had had the French pockes and I obtained my expected purpose in stead of the Treacle water you may use the decoction of Guajacum which doth heat dry provoke sweat and repell putrefaction adding thereto also vinegar that by the subtlety thereof it may pierce the better and withstand the putrefaction This is the description of the unguent Take of Hogs-greace one pound boyle it a little with the leaves of Sage Time Rosemary of each halfe an handfull straine it and in the straining extinguish five ounces of Quick-silver which hath bin first boyled in vinegar with the forementioned herbs of Sal Nitrum three drammes the yelks of three egges boyled untill they be hard of Treacle and Mithridate of each halfe an ounce of Venice Turpentine oyle of Scorpions and Bayes of each three ounces incorporate them altogether in a morter and make thereof an unguent wherewith annoint the patients arme-holes and groines avoyding the parts that belong to the head breast and back-bone then let him bee laid in his bed and covered warme and let him sweat there for the space of two houres and then let his body bee wiped and cleansed and if it may be let him be laid in another bed and there let him be refreshed with the broth of the decoction of a Capon rear egges and with such like meats of good juice that are easie to be concocted and digested let him be anointed the second and third
forth none of those waies but either with his belly or his backe forwards as it were double or else with his hands and feet together or with his head forwards and one of his hands stretched out that they should turne it and draw it out by the feet for the doing whereof if they be not sufficient let them crave the assistance and helpe of some expert Chirurgian CHAP. XVI Signes of the birth at hand THere will bee great paine under the navell and at the groines and spreading therehence towards the Vertebrae of the loines and then especially when they are drawne backe from the Os sacrum the bones Ilia and the Coccix are thrust outward the genitalls swell with paine and a certaine feaver-like shaking invades the body the face waxeth red by reason of the endeavour of nature armed unto the expulsion of the infant And when these signes appeare let all things bee prepared ready to the childe-birth Therefore first of all let the woman that is in travell be placed in her bed conveniently neither with her face upwards nor sitting but with her backe upwards and somewhat high that she may breath at more liberty and have the more power or strength to labour Therefore she ought to have her legs wide one from another and crooked or her heeles some-what bowed uptowards her buttocks so that she may lean on a staffe that must be placed overthwart the bed There are some that do travell in a stoole or chair made for the purpose others standing upright on their feet and leaning on the poast or piller of the bed But you must take diligent heed that you doe not exhort or perswade the woman in travell to strive or labour to expell the birth before the forenamed signes thereof doe manifestly shew that it is at hand For by such labour or pains she might be wearied or so weakened that when shee should strive or labour she shall have no power or strength so to doe If all these things doe fall out well in the childe-birth the businesse is to be committed to nature and to the Mid-wife And the woman with child must onely bee admonished that when shee feeleth very strong paine that shee presently therewith strive with most strong expression shutting her mouth and nose if shee please and at the same time let the mydwife with her hands force the infant from above downewards But if the birth bee more difficult and painefull by reason that the waters wherein the infant lay are flowed out long before and the womb be dry this ointment following is to be prepared â„ž butyri recentis sine sale in aqua artemesiae loti â„¥ ii mucaginis ficuum semin lini altheae cum aqua sabinae extractae an â„¥ ss olei liliorum â„¥ i. Make thereof an ointment wherewith let the mydwife often annoynt the secret parts Also this powder following may bee prepared â„ž Cinamom cort cassiae fistul dictamni an Ê’iss sacch albi ad pondus omnium make thereof a most subtle and fine powder Let the woman that is in extremity by reason of difficult and painefull travell in child-birth take halfe an ounce thereof at a time with the decoction of linseede or in white wine for it will cause more speedy and easie deliverance of the childe Moreover let the mydwife anoynt her hands with this ointment following as often as shee putteth them into the necke of the wombe and therewith also anoint the parts about it â„ž olei ex seminibus lint â„¥ i. ss olei de castoreo â„¥ ss moschataeÊ’iii ladaniÊ’i make thereof a liniment Moreover you may provoke sneesing by putting a little pepper or white hellebore in powder into the nostrils Linseed beaten and given in a potion with the water of Mugwort and Savine is supposed to cause speedy deliverance Also the medicine following is commended for the same purpose â„ž corticis cassiae fistul conquassatae â„¥ ii cicer rub m. ss bulliant cum vino albo aqua sufficienti sub finem addendo sabinae Ê’ii cinamomiÊ’ss crocigr vi make thereof a potion which being taken let sneesing bee provoked as it is above-said and let her shut or close her mouth and nostrils Many times it happeneth that the infant commeth into the world ouâ— of the wombe having his head covered or wrapped about with portion of the â—…dine or tunicle wherein it is enclosed especially when by the much strong and happy striving of the mother he commeth forth together with the water wherein it lyeth in the wombe and then the mydwives prophesie or foretell that the childe shall be happy because hee is borne as it were with a hood on his head But I suppose that it doth betoken health of body both to the infant and also to his mother for it is a token of easie deliverance For when the birth is difficult and painfull the child never bringeth that membrane out with him but it remaineth behinde in the passage of the genitals or secret parts because they are narrow For even so the Snake or Adder when shee would cast her skinne thereby to renew her age creepeth through some narrow or straight passage Presently after the birth the woman so delivered must take two or three spoonefuls of the oyle of sweet almonds extracted without fire and tempered with sugar Some will rather use the yolks of egges with sugar some the wine called Ipocras others cullises or gelly but alwaies divers things are to bee used according as the patient or the woman in childbed shall be grieved and as the Physician shall give counsell both to cease and asswage the furious torments and paine of the throwes to recover her strength and nourish her Throwes come presently after the birth of the child because that then the veines nature being wholly converted to expulsion cast out the reliques of the menstruall matter that hath beene suppressed for the space of nine moneths into the wombe with great violence which because they are grosse slimie and dreggish cannot come forth without great paine both to the veines from whence they come and also unto the wombe whereinto they goe also then by the conversion of that portion thereof that remaineth into winde and by the undiscreete admission of the aire in the time of the child-birth the wombe and all the secret parts will swell unlesse it be prevented with some digesting repelling or mollifying oile or by artificiall rowling of the parts about the belly CHAP. XVII What is to bee done presently after the child is borne PResently after the child is borne the mydwife must draw away the secundine or after birth as gently as shee can but if she cannot let her put her hands into the wombe and so draw it out separating it from the other parts for otherwise if it should continue longer it would bee more difficult to bee gotten out because that presently after the birth the orifice of the wombe is drawn
Many times children have fretting of the guts that maketh them to cry which commeth of crudity This must bee cured by applying unto the belly sweaty or moist woole macerated in oile of chamomile If when the childes teeth begin to grow he chance to bite the nipple of the nurses breast there will bee an ulcer very contumacious and hard to be cured because that the sucking of the childe and the rubbing of the cloaths doe keep it alwaies raw it must be cured with fomenting it with allome water and then presently after the fomentation putting thereupon a cover of leade made like unto a hat as they are here described with many holes in the toppe whereat both the milke and also the sanious matter that commeth from the ulcers may goe out for lead it selfe will cure ulcers The figure of leaden Nipples to be put upon the Nipple or Teat of the Nurse when it is ulcerated Children may be caused to cease their crying foure manner of waies that is to say by giving them the teat by rocking them in a cradle by singing unto them and by changing the cloaths and swathes wherein they are wrapped They must not bee rocked too violently in the cradle lest that the milke that is sucked should be corrupted by the too violent motion by reason whereof they must not be handled violently any other way and not altogether prohibited or not suffered to cry For by crying the breast and lungs are dilated and made bigger and wider the naturall parts the stronger and the braine nostrills the eyes and mouth are purged by the teares and filth that come from the eyes and nostrills But they must not bee permitted to cry long or fiercely for feare of breaking the production of the Peritonaum and thereby causing the falling downe of the guts into the cod which rupture is called of the Greekes Enterocele or of the caule which the Greekes call Epiplocele CHAP. XXIIII Of the weaning of children MAny are weaned in the eighteenth moneth some in the twentieth but all or the most part in the second yeare for then their teeth appeare by whose presence nature seemeth to require some harder meat than milke or pappe wherewith children are delighted and will feed more earnestly thereon But there is no certaine time of weaning of children For the teeth of some will appeare sooner and some later for they are prepared of nature for no other purpose than to chaw the meat If children bee weaned before their teeth appeare and bee fed with meat that is somewhat hard and solid according to the judgement of Avicen they are incident to many diseases comming through crudity because the stomacke is yet but weake and wanteth that preparation of the meates which is made in the mouth by chawing which men of ripe yeers cannot want without offence when the childe is two yeeres old and the teeth appeare if the childe more vehemently desire harder meates and doth feed on them with pleasure good successe he may be safely weaned for it cannot be supposed that he hath this appetite of hard meats in vain by the instinct of nature Yet he may not be weaned without such an appetite if all other things be correspondent that is to say his teeth and age for those things that are eaten without an appetite cannot profit But if the childe be weake sickly or feeble he ought not to be weaned And when the meet time of weaning commeth the nurse must now and then use him to the teat whereby he may leave it by little and little and then let the teate be anointed or rubbed with bitter things as with Aloes water of the infusion of Colocynthus or worme-wood or with mustard or soote steeped in water or such like Children that are scabby in their heads and over all their bodies and which void much flegme at their mouth and nostrills and many excrements downwards are like to be strong and sound of body for so they are purged of excrementall humours contrariwise those that are cleane and faire of body gather the matter of many diseases in their bodies which in processe of time will breake forth and appeare Certainely by the sodaine falling of such matters into the backe-bone many become crookebackt CHAP. XXV By what signes it may bee knowne whether the childe in the wombe bee dead or alive IF neither the Chirurgians hand nor the mother can perceive the infant to move if the waters bee flowed out and secundine come forth you may certainely affirme that the infant is dead in the wombe for this is the most infallible signe of all others for because the child in the wombe doth breathe but by the artery of the navell and the breath is received by the Cotyledon of the arteries of the wombe it must of necessity come to passe that when the secundine is separated from the infant no aire or breath can come unto it Wherefore so often as the secundine is excluded before the childe you may take it for a certaine token of the death thereof when the childe is dead it will be more heavie to the mother than it was before when it was alive because it is now no more sustained by the spirits and faculties wherewith before it was governed and ruled for so we see dead men to be heavier than those that are alive men that are weak through hunger and famine to be heavier than when they are well refreshed and also when the mother enclines her body any way the infant falleth that way also even as it were a stone The mother is also vexed with sharpe paine from the privities even to the navell with a perpetuall desire of making water and going to stoole because that nature is wholly busied in the expolsion or avoidance of that which is dead for that which is alive will expell the dead so farre as it can from it selfe because the one is altogether different from the other but likenesse if any thing conjoynes and unites things together the genitalls are cold in touching and the mother complaineth that she feeleth a coldnesse in her womb by reason that the heat of the infant is extinguished wherewith before her heate was doubled many filthy excrements come from her and also the mothers breath stinketh she swouneth often all which for the most part happen within three daies after the death of the childe for the infants body will sooner corrupt in the mothers wombe than it would in the open aire because that according to the judgement of Galen all hot and moist things being in like manner enclosed in a hot and moist place especially if by reason of the thickenesse or straitenesse of the place they cannot receive the aire will speedily corrupt Now by the rising up of such vapours from the dead unto the braine and heart such accidents may soone follow her face will be clean altered seeming livid and ghastly her dugs fall
if his hands bee forth already so that it may seeme hee may bee drawne forth easily that way yet it must not be so done for so his head would double backwards over his shoulders to the great danger of his mother Once I was called unto the birth of an infant whom the midwives had assayed to draw out by the arme so that the arme had been so long forth that it was gangrenate whereby the childe dyed I told them presently that his arme must bee put in againe and hee must bee turned otherwise But when it could not bee put backe by reason of the great swelling thereof and also of the mothers genitals I determined to cut it off with an incision knife cutting the muscles as neare as I could to the shoulder yet drawing the flesh upwards that when I had taken off the bone with a paire of cutting pincers it might come downe againe to cover the shivered end of the bone lest otherwise when it were thrust in againe into the wombe it might hurt the mother Which being done I turned him with his feete forwards and drew him out as is before sayd But if the tumour either naturally or by some accident that is to say by putrefaction which may perchance come bee so great that hee cannot bee turned according to the Chirurgions intention nor be drawne out according as hee lyeth the tumour must bee diminished and then hee must bee drawne out as is aforesaid and that must bee done at once As for example if the dead infant appeare at the orifice of the wombe which our mydwives call the Garland when it gapeth is open and dilated but yet his head being more great and puffed up with winde so that it cannot come forth as caused to bee so through that disease which the Greeks call Mucrophisocephalos the Chirurgion must fasten a hooke under his chinne or in his mouth or else in the hole of his eye or else which is better and more expedient in the hinder part of his head For when the scull is so opened there will bee a passage whereat the winde may passe out and so when the tumour falleth and decreaseth let him draw the infant out by little and little but not rashly lest he should break that whereon he hath taken hold the figure of those hookes is thus The forme of hookes for drawing out the infant that is dead in the wombe But if the breast bee troubled with the like fault the hookes must bee fastened about the chanell bone if there bee a Dropsie or a Tympany in the belly the hooks must bee fastned either in the short ribs that is to say in the muscles that are betweene the ribbes or especially if the disease doe also descend into the feete about the bones that are above the groine or else putting the crooked knife here pictured iâ—…he wombe with his left hand let him make incision in the childs belly and so get out all his entrals by the incision for when hee is so bowelled all the water that caused the dropsie will out But the Chirurgion must do none of all these things but when the child is dead and the woman that travelleth in such danger that shee cannot otherwise be holpen But if by any meanes it happeneth that all the infants members bee cut away by little and little and that the head onely remaineth behinde in the wombe which I have sometimes against my will and with great sorrow seene then the left hand being anoynted with oyle of Lillies or fresh butter must bee put into the wombe wherewith the Chirurgion must find out the mouth putting his fingers into it then with his right hand hee must put up the hooke according to the direction of the left hand gently by little little and so fasten it in the mouth eye or under the chin and when hee hath firmely fixed or fastened it hee must therewith draw out the head by little and little for feare of loosening or breaking the part whereon hee hath hold In stead of this hooke you may use the instruments that are here described which therefore I have taken out of the Chirurgery of Francis Dalechamps for they are so made that they may easily take hold of a sphaericall and round body with the branches as with fingers Gryphons Talons that is to say instruments made to draw out the head of a dead infant that is separated in the wombe from the rest of the body But it is not very easie to take hold on the head when it remaineth alone in the wombe by reason of the roundnesse thereof for it will slip and slide up and downe unlesse the belly be pressed downe and on both sides thereby to hold it unto the instrument that it may with more facility take hold thereon CHAP. XXVII What must bee done unto the woman in travell presently after her deliverance THere is nothing so great an enemy to a woman in travell especially to her whose child is drawne away by violence as cold wherefore with all care and diligence shee must bee kept and defended from cold For after the birth her body being voyde and empty doth easily receive the ayre that will enter into every thing that is empty and hence shee waxeth cold her wombe is distended and puffed up and the orifices of the vessels thereof are shut and closed whereof commeth suppression of the after-birth or other after purgations And thereof commeth many grievous accidents as hystericall suffocation painefull fretting of the guts feavers and other mortall diseases What woman soever will avoyde that discommodity let her hold her legges or thighes acrosse for in so doing those parts that were separated will bee joyned and close together againe Let her belly bee also bound or rowled with a ligature of an indifferent breadth and length which may keep the cold ayre from the wombe and also presse the bloud out that is contained in all the substance thereof Then give her some Capon broth or Caudle with Saffron or with the powder called Pulvis ducis or else bread toasted and dipped in wine wherein spice is brewed for to restore her strength and to keepe away the fretting of the guts When the secundine is drawne out and is yet hot from the wombe it must bee layd warme unto the region of the wombe especially in the winter but in the summer the hot skinne of a Weather newly killed must be laid unto all the whole belly and unto the region of the loynes But then the curtaines of the bed must bee kept drawne and all the windowes and doores of the chamber must bee kept shut with all diligence that no cold ayre may come unto the woman that travelleth but that shee may lye and take her rest quietly The Weathers skinne must bee taken away after that it hath lyen five or sixe houres and then all the region of her belly must bee annointed with the oyntment following â„ž
spermatis Ceti ℥ ii olei amygdal dulcium hypericon an ℥ iss sevihircini ℥ i. olei myrtillor ℥ i. cer ae novae quantum sufficit make thereof an oyntment wherewith let her bee annoynted twice in the day let a plaster of Galbanum bee applyed to the navell in the middest whereof put some few graines of Civet or Muske so that the smell of the plaster may not strike up into her nostrils Then let this medicine following bee applyed commonly called Tela Gualterina ℞ cer ae novae ℥ iiii spermatis Ceti ℥ iss terebinth venetaein aqua rosacea lotae ℥ ii olei amygdal dulcium hypericonis an ℥ i. olei mastich myrtini an ℥ ss axungiae cervi ℥ iss melt them all together and when they are melted take it from the fire and then dippe a linnen cloth therein as bigge as may serve to fit the region of the belly whereunto it is to bee applyed These remedies will keepe the externall region of the belly from wrinkling But of all other the medicine following excelleth ℞ limacum rub lb i. florum anthos quart iii. let them bee cut all in small pieces and put into an earthen pot well nealed with lead and close stopped then let it bee set in the dung of horses for the space of forty dayes and then bee pressed or strained and let the liquor that is strayned out bee kept in a glasse well covered and set in the sunne for the space of three or foure dayes and therewith annoynt the belly of the woman that lyeth in child-bed If shee bee greatly tormented with throwes let the powder following bee given unto her ℞ anisi conditi ℥ ii nucis moschat cornu cervi ust an ʒi ss nuclcorum dactyllor ʒiii ligni aloës cinamomi an ʒii make thereof a most subtle powder let her take ʒi thereof at once with white wine warme Or ℞ rad confolidae major ʒiss nucleorum persicorum nucis moschat an ℈ ii carab ℈ ss ambrae graezoe gra iiii make thereof a powder let her take one dramme thereof at a time with white wine or if shee have a feaver with the broth of a Capon Let there be hot bagges applyed to the genitalls belly and raynes these bagges must bee made of millet and oates fryed in a frying pan with a little white wine But if through the violence of the excraction the genitall parts bee torne as ancient writers affirm it hath come to passe so that the two holes as the two holes of the privie parts and of the fundament have beene torne into one then that which is rent must bee stitched up and the wound cured according to art Which is a most unfortunate chance for the mother afterwards for when shee shall travell againe shee cannot have her genitall parts to extend and draw themselves in againe by reason of the scarre So that then it will bee needfull that the Chirurgion shall againe open the place that was cicatrized for otherwise shee shall never bee delivered although shee strive and contend never so much I have done the like cure in two women that dwelt in Paris CHAP. XXVIII What cure must bee used to the Dugges and Teates of those that are brought to bed IF great store and abundance of milke bee in the breasts and the woman bee not willing to nurse her owne childe they must bee annoynted with the unguent following to repell the milke and cause it to bee expelled through the wombe ℞ olei ros myrtini an ℥ iii. aceti rosat ℥ i. incorporate them together and therewith annoynt thè dugges foure times a day and presently after the annoynting besprinkle them with the powder of myrtils and then apply the plaster following ℞ pulv mastichini nucis moschat an ʒii cupressiʒiii balaust myrtill an ʒiss Ireos florent ℥ ss olei myrtini ℥ iii. terebinth veneta ℥ ii cerae novae quantum sufficit make thereof a soft plaster The leaves of brooke-lime cresses and boxe boyled together in urine and vinegar are thought a present remedy for this purpose that is to say to draw the milke from the breasts And others take the clay that falleth downe into the bottome of the trough wherein the grindstone whereon swords are grownd turneth and mixe it with oyle of roses and apply it warme unto the dugges which in short space as it is thought will asswage the paine stay the inflammation and drive the milke out of the dugges The decoction of ground Ivie Peruwincle Sage redde Roses and roach Alome being prepared in oxycrate and used in the forme of a fomentation is thought to performe the like effect the like vertue have the lees of red wine applyed to the dugges with vinegar or the distilled water of unripe Pine-apples applyed to the breasts with linnen clothes wet therein or hemlocke beaten and applyed with the young and tender leaves of a gourd This medicine following is approved by use Take the leaves of Sage Smallage Rue and Chervill and cut or chop them very small and incorporate them in vinegar and oyle of Roses and so apply it warme to the breast and renue it thrice a day In the meane time let Cupping-glasses bee applyed to the inner side of the thigh and groine and also above the navell For this is very effectuall to draw the milke out of the breasts into the wombe by the veines whereby the wombe communicateth with the breasts Moreover they may let children or little welpes sucke their breasts whereby they may draw out the milke that is fixed fast in their dugges in steed whereof wee have invented this instrument of glasse wherewith when the broader orifice is fastened or placed on the breast or dugge and the pipe turned upwards towards her mouth shee may suck her owne breasts her selfe The forme of a little glasse which being put on the nipple the woman may sucke her owne breasts In steede of this instrument a violl of glasse being first made warme and the mouth thereof applyed to the nipple or teat by reason of the heate and widenesse thereof will draw the milke forth into the bottome thereof as it were by a certaine sucking The after purgations being first evacuated which is done for the most part within twenty dayes after the birth if the woman bee not in danger of a feaver nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerome mints sage rosemary mugwurt agrimonie pennyroyall the flowers of chamomile melilote dill being boyled in most pure and cleare running water All the day following let another such like bath bee prepared whereunto let these things following bee added ℞ farini fabarum aven an lb. iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb. i. aluminis roch ℥ iiii salis com lb. ii gallarum nucum cupressi an ℥ iii. rosar rub m. vi chariophyl nucum moschat an ʒ iii. boyle them all in common water then sew them all in a cleane linnen
parts Therefore what things soever resolve relaxe or burst the ligaments or bands whereby the wombe is tyed are supposed to be the causes of this accident It sometimes happens by vehement labour or travell in childe-birth when the wombe with violence excluding the issue and the secundines also followes and falls downe turning the inner side thereof outward And sometimes the foolish rashnesse of the midwife when shee draweth away the wombe with the infant or with the secundine cleaving fast thereunto and so drawing it downe and turning the inner side outward Furthermore a heavie bearing of the womb the bearing or the carriage of a great burthen holding or stretching of the hands or body upwards in the time of greatnesse with childe a fall contusion shaking or jogling by riding either in a waggon or a coach or on horse backe or by leaping or dancing the falling downe of a more large and abundant humor great griping a strong and continuall cough a Tenesmus or often desire to go to stoole yet not voiding any thing neesing a manifold and great birth difficult bearing of the wombe an astmaticall and orthopnoicall difficulty of breathing whatsoever doth waightily presse downe the Diaphragma or Midriffe or the muscles of the Epigastrium the taking of cold aire in the time of travell with childe or in the flowing of the menstruall fluxe sitting on a cold marble stone or any other such like cold thing are thought often times to bee the occasion of these accidents because they may bring the wombe out of its place It falls downe in many saith Aristotle by reason of the desire of copulation that they have either by reason of the lustinesse of their youth or else because they have abstained a long time from it You may know that the wombe is fallen downe by the pain of those parts where-hence it is fallen that is to say by the entrals loynes os sacrum and by a tractable tumour at the necke of the wombe and often with a visible hanging out of a diverse greatnesse according to the quantity that is fallen downe It is seene sometimes like unto a piece of red flesh hanging out at the necke of the wombe of the bignesse and forme of a Goose egge if the woman stand upright shee feeleth the weight to ly on her privie parts but if she sit or ly then she perceiveth it on her back or goe to the stoole the straight gut called intestinum rectum will bee pressed or loaden as it were with a burthen if shee lye on her belly then her urine will bee stopped so that shee shall feare to use copulation with a man When the wombe is newly relaxed in a young woman it may bee soone cured but if it hath beene long downe in an old woman it is not to bee helped If the palsie of the ligaments thereof have occasioned the falling it scarce admits of cure but if it fall downe by meanes of putrefaction it cannot possibly be cured If a great quantity thereof hang out betweene the thighes it can hardly be cured but it is corrupted by taking the ayre and by the falling downe of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrefies I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her wombe hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egge and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell downe CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling downe of the Wombe BY this word falling downe of the wombe we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the wombe ascend upwards wee must use the same medicines as in the strangulation of the wombe If it bee turned towards either side it must bee restored and drawne backe to its right place by applying and using cupping glasses But if it descend and fall downe into its owne neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttockes may be very high and her legs acrosse then cupping glasses must bee applied to her navell and Hypogastrium and when the wombe is so brought into its place injections that binde and dry strongly must bee injected into the necke of the wombe stinking fumigations must bee used unto the privie parts and sweetthings used to the mouth and nose But if the wombe hang downe in great quantity betweene the thighes it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all shee must bee so layed on her backe her buttockes and thighes so lifted up and her legges so drawne backe as when the childe or secundine are to bee taken or drawne from her then the necke of the wombe and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be anointed with oile of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did suppe drawing up as it were that which is fallen downe After that the wombe is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and cleane cloth lest that by the slipperinesse thereof the wombe should fall downe againe the genitalls must bee fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegranate pills cypresse nuts galles roach allome horse-taile sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smithes quench their irons of these materialls make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a pessary of a competent bignesse be put in at the necke of the wombe but let it bee eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them bee made either with latin or of corke covered with waxe of an ovall forme having a thred at one end whereby they may bee drawne backe againe as need requires The formes of ovall pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessary B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tyed to the thigh When all this is done let the sicke woman keep her selfe quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs acrosse for the space of eight or ten daies in the meane while the application of cupping glasses will stay the wombe in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if shee hath taken any hurt by cold aire let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation on this wise â„ž fol. alih salâ—v lavend. rorismar artemis flor chamoem melilotâ—… m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them bee all well boyled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the
a veine great sweats ulcers flowing much and long scabbinesse of the whole skinne immoderate grossenesse and clamminesse of the blood and by eating of raw fruites and drinking of cold water by sluggishnesse and thicknesse of the vessels and also the obstruction of them by the defaults and diseases of the wombe by distemperature an abscesse an ulcer by the obstruction of the inner orifice thereof by the growing of a Callus caruncle cicatrize of a wound or ulcer or membrane growing there by injecting of astringent things into the necke of the wombe which place many women endeavour foolishly to make narrow I speake nothing of age greatnesse with child nursing of children because these causes are not besides nature neither doe they require the helpe of the Physitian Many women when their flowers or tearmes be stopped degenerate after a manner into a certaine manly nature whence they are called Viragines that is to say stout or manly women therefore their voice is more loud and bigge like unto a mans and they become bearded In the city Abdera saith Hippocrates Phaethusa the wife of Pytheas at the first did beare children and was fruitfull but when her husband was exiled her flowers were stopped for a long time but when these things happened her body became manlike and rough and had a beard and her voice was great and shrill The very same thing happened to Namysia the wife of Gorgippus in Thasus Those virgins that from the beginning have not their monethly fluxe and yet neverthelesse enjoy their perfect health they must necessarily be hot and dry or rather of a manly heat and drynesse that they may so disperse and dissipate by transpiration as men doe the excrements that are gathered but verily all such are barren CHAP. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly fluxe or flowers WHen the flowers or monethly fluxe are stopped diseases affect the womb and from thence passe into all the whole body For thereof commeth suffocation of the womb headache swouning beating of the heart and swelling of the breasts and secret parts inflammation of the wombe an abscesse ulcer cancer a feaver nauseousnesse vomitings difficult and slow concoction the dropsie strangury the full wombe pressing upon the orifice of the bladder blacke and bloody urine by reason that portion of the blood sweateth out into the bladder In many women the stopped matter of the monethly fluxe is excluded by vomiting urine and the hoemorrhoides in some it groweth into varices In my wife when shee was a maide the menstruall matter was excluded and purged by the nostrills The wife of Peter Feure of Casteaudun was purged of her menstruall matter by the dugges every moneth and in such abundance that scarce three or foure cloaths were able to dry it and sucke it up In those that have not the fluxe monethly to evacuate this plenitude by some part or place of the body there often followes difficulty of breathing melancholy madnesse the gout an ill disposition of the whole body dissolution of the strength of the whole body want of appetite a consumption the falling sickenesse an apoplexie Those whose blood is laudable yet not so abundant doe receive no other discommodity by the suppression of the flowers unlesse it be that the wombe burnes or itcheth with the desire of copulation by reason that the wombe is distended with hot and itching blood especially if they lead a sedentary life Those women that have beene accustomed to beare children are not so grieved and evill at ease when their flowers are stopped by any chance contrary to nature as those women which did never conceive because they have beene used to be filled and the vessels by reason of their customary repletion and distention are more large and capacious when the courses flow the appetite is partly dejected for that nature being then wholly applied to expulsion cannot throughly concoct or digest the face waxeth pale and without its lively colour because that the heat with the spirits go from without inwards so to helpe and aide the expulsive faculty CHAP. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses THe suppression of the flowers is a plethorick disease and therefore must be cured by evacuation which must be done by opening the veine called Saphena which is at the ankle but first let the basilike veine of the arme be opened especially if the body bee plethoricke lest that there should a greater attraction be made into the wombe and by such attraction or flowing in there should come a greater obstruction When the veines of the wombe are distended with so great a swelling that they may be seen it will be very profitable to apply horse-leeches to the necke thereof pessaries for women may be used but fumigations of aromaticke things are more meet for maides because they are bashfull and shamefaced Unguents liniments emplasters cataplasmes that serve for that matter are to bee prescribed and applied to the secret parts ligatures and frictions of the thighes and legges are not to bee omitted fomentations and sternutatories are to be used and cupping glasses are to bee applied to the groines walking dancing riding often and wanton copulation with her husband and such like exercises provoke the flowers Of plants the flowers of St. Johns wort the rootes of fennell and asparagus bruscus or butchers broom of parsley brooke-lime basill balme betony garlicke onions crista marina costmary the rinde or barke of cassia fistula calamint origanum pennyroyall mugwort thyme hissope sage marjoram rosemary horehound rue savine spurge saffron agaricke the flowers of elder bay berries the berries of Ivie scammony Cantharides pyrethrum or pellitory of Spaine suphorbium The aromaticke things are amomum cynamon squinanth nutmegs calamus aromaticus cyperus ginger cloves galangall pepper cubibes amber muske spiknard and such like of all which let fomentations fumigations baths broaths boles potions pills syrupes apozemes and opiates be made as the Physitians shall thinke good The apozeme that followeth is proved to be very effectuall â„ž flo flor dictam an pii pimpinel m ss omnium capillar an p i. artemis thymi marjor origan an m ss rad rub major petroselin faenicul an â„¥ i ss rad paeon. bistort an Ê’ ss cicerum rub sem paeon. faenicul an Ê’ ss make thereof a decoction in a sufficient quantity of water adding thereto cinamon Ê’ iii. in one pinte of the decoction dissolve after it is strained of the syrupe of mugwort and of hissope an â„¥ ii diarrhod abbat Ê’ i. let it bee strained through a bagge with Ê’ ii of the kernells of dates and let her take â„¥ iiii in the morning Let pessaries bee made with galbanum ammoniacum and such like mollifying things beaten into a masse in a mortar with a hot pestell and made into the forme of a pessary and then let them be mixed with oile of Jasmine euphorbium an oxegall the juice of mugwort and other such
callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thread it is called of the Arabians verrucâ— botoralis There is also another kinde of wart which because of his great roughnesse and unequality is called thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by venereous acts many times they have a certaine malignity and an hidden virulency joyned with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching onely because they have their matter of a raging humour therefore to these we may not rightly use a true but onely the palliative cure as they terme it the Latines call them onely ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct St. Fiacrius figges CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the necke of the wombe THe warts that grow in the necke of the wombe if they bee not maligne are to bee tyed with a thread and so cut ofâ— Those that lye hid more deep in the wombe may be seene and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilators for the inspection of the matrix An other forme of a dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the matrix B. B. shew the armes or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bignesse correspondent to the patients body let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as wee have said when the child is to be drawne out of her body That instrument is most meet to tye the warts which wee have described in the relaxation of the palate or Uvula let them bee tyed harder and harder every day untill they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chiefe scopes as bands sections cauteries and lest they grow up againe let oyle of vitrioll be dropped on the place or aqua fortis or some of the lye wherewith potentiall cauteries are made This water following is most effectuall to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’iii sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ss beat them all together and boile them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick of late affirmed to me that oxe dung tempered with the leaves or powder of savine would waste the warts of the wombe if it were applied thereto warme which whether it be true or not let experience the mistresse of things be â—udge verily cantharides put into unguents will doe it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousnesse which groweth betweene the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of marigolds doe certainely performe the selfe same thing CHAP. LXIII Of chaps and those wrinkled and hard excrescences which the greeks call Condylomata CHapps or fissures are cleft and very long little ulcers with paine very sharpe and burning by reason of the biting of an acride salt and dryâ—ng humour making so great a contraction and often times narrownesse in the fundament and the necke of the wombe that scarcely the â—oppe of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leaâ—â—er or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speake eat nor open his mouth so that the Chirurgian is constrained to cut it In the cure thereof all sharpe things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved part or place is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters and if the malady bee in the wombe a dilater of the matrix or pessary must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard too much drawn together or narrow and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certaine wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edges of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease such as are oile of egges and oyle of linseed take of each of them two ounces beat them together a long time in a leaden mortar and therewith anoint the grieved part but if there be an inflammation put thereto a little camphire CHAP. LXIV Of the itching of the wombe IN women especially such as are old there often times commeth an itching in the neck of the wombe which doth so trouble them with pain and a desire to scratch that it taketh away their sleep Not long since a woman asked my counsell that was so troubled with this kind of malady that she was constrained to extinguish or stay the itching burning of her secret parts by sprinkling cinders of fire and rubbing them hard on the place I counselled her to take aegypt dissolved in sea-water or lye inject it into her secret parts with a syringe and to wet stupes of flaxe in the same medicine and put them up into the wombe and so she was cured Many times this itch commeth in the fundament or testicles of aged men by reason of the gathering together or confluxe of salt flagme which when it falleth into the eyes it causeth the patient to have much adoe to refraine scratching when this matter hath dispersed it selfe into the whole habite of the body it causeth a burning or itching scabbe which must be cured by a cooling and a moistening diet by phlebotomy and purging of the salt humour by bathes and hornes applied with scarification and anointing of the whole body with the unction following â„ž axung porcin recent lb i ss sap nig vel gallici salis nitri assat tartar staphisag an â„¥ ss sulph viv â„¥ i. argent viv â„¥ ii acet ros quart i. in conporate them all together and make thereof a liniment according to art and use 〈◊〉 is said before unguentum enulatum cum mercurio is thought to have great force not without desert to asswage the itch and dry the scab Some use this that followeth â„ž alum spum nitr sulph viv an Ê’ vi staphis â„¥ i. let them all be dissolved in viâ—…gar of roses adding thereto butyr recent q. s make thereof a liniment for the forenamed use CHAP. LXV Of the relaxation of the great gut or
sore eyes a paper wherein the two greeke letters Î and A are written must bee tyed in a thred and hanged about the necke And for the tooth ache this ridiculous saying Strigiles falcesque dentatae dentium dolorem persanate Also oft times there is no small superstition in things that are outwardly applied Such is that of Apollonius in Pliny to scarifie the gummes in the tâ—… ache with the tooth of one that died a violent death to make pils of the skull of one hanged against the bitings of a mad dogge to cure the falling sicknesse by eating the flesh of a wilde beast killed with the same iron wherewith a man was killed that he shall be freed from a quartaine ague who shall drinke the wine whereinto the sword that hath cut off a mans head shall be put and he the parings of whose nailes shall be tyed in a linnen cloth to the necke of a quicke Eele and the Eele let goe into the water againe The paine of the Milt to be asswaged if a beasts Milt bee laid upon it and the Physitian say that he cures or makes a medicine for the Milt Any one to bee freed from the cough who shall spit in the mouth of a Toad letting her goe away alive The halter wherein one hath beene hanged put about the temples to helpe the head ache This word Abracadabra written on a paper after the manner described by Serenus and hanged about the necke to help agues or feavers especially semitertians What truth can bee in that which sundry affirme that a leafe of Lathyris which is a kinde of Spurge if it be plucked upwards will cause vomit but broken downewards will move to stoole You may also finde many other superstitious fictions concerning herbes such as Galen reports that Andreas and Pamphilus writ as incantations transformations and herbes dedicated to conjurers and devills I had thought never in this place to have mentioned these and the like but that there may bee every where found such wicked persons who leaving the arts and means which are appointed by God to preserve the health of mans body flye to the superstitious ridiculous remedies of sorcerers or rather of devils which notwithstanding the devill sometimes makes to performe their wisht for effects that so hee may still keep them ensnared addicted to his service Neither is it to be approved which many say that it is good to be healed by any art or meanes for that healing is a good worke This saying is unworthy of a Christian and savours rather of him that trusts more in the devill than in God Those Empericks are not of the society of Sorcerers and Magitians who heale simple wounds with dry lint or lint dipt in water this cure is neither magicall nor miraculous as many suppose but wholly naturall proceeding from the healing fountains of nature wounds fractures which the Chirurgian may heale by onely taking away the impediments that is paine defluxion inflammation an abscesse and gangrene which retard and hinder the cure of such diseases The following examples will sufficiently make evident the devils maliciousnesse alwaies wickedly and craftily plotting against our safety and life A certaine woman at Florence as Langius writes having a maligne ulcer and being troubled with intolerable paine at the stomacke so that the Physitians could give her no ease behold on a sudden shee vomited up long and crooked nailes and brasse needles wrapped up with wax and haires and at length a great gobbit of flesh so biâ—ge that a Giants jawes could scarce swallow it But that which happened in the yeere of our redemption 1539. in a certain town called Fugenstall in the Bishopricke of Eistet exceeds all credit unlesse there were eye-witnesses of approved integrity yet living In this towne one Ulrich Neusesser a husbandman was tormented with grievous paine in the one side of his belly hee sodainely got hold of an iron key with his hand under the skinne which was not hurt the which the Barber-Chirurgian of the place cut out with his razour yet for all this the paine ceased not but hee grew every day worse than other wherefore expecting no other remedy but death he got a knife and cut his throat His dead body was opened and in his stomacke were found a round and longish piece of wood foure steele knives part sharpe and part toothed like a saw and two sharpe peices of iron each whereof exceeded the length of a spanne there was also as it were a ball of haire All these things were put in by the craft and deceit of the devill Thus farre Langius CHAP. XVIII Of the Cozenages and crafty Trickes of Beggars HAving treated of Monsters it followes that wee speake of those things which either of themselves by reason of their nature full of admiration have some kinde of monstrousnesse in them or else from some other waies as by the craft and cozenage of men And because to the last mentioned crafts of the Devill the subtle devices of begging companions are sowewhat alike therefore I will handle them in the next place that the Chirurgian being admonished of them may be more cautious and cunning in discerning them when hee meets with them Anno Dom. 1525. when I was at Anjou there stood a crafty beggar begging at the Church dore who tying and hiding his owne arme behind his backe shewed in steed thereof one cut from the body of one that was hanged and this he propped up and bound to his breast and so laid it open to view as if it had been all enflamed so to move such as passed by unto greater commiseration of him The cozenage lay hid every one giving him mony untill at length his counterfeit arm not being surely fastened fell upon the ground many seeing and observing it hee being apprehended and layed in prison by the appointment of the Magistrate was whipped through the towne with his false arme hanging before him and so banished I had a brother called John Parey a Chirurgian who dwelt at Vitre in Britany he once observed a young woman begging who shewed her breast as if it had a cancrous ulcer thereon looking fearfully by reason of much and fordid filth wherewith it seemed to defile the cloath that lay under it But when as hee had more diligently beheld the womans face and the fresh colour thereof as also of the places about the ulcer and the good habite of the whole body agreeable to that colour for she was somewhat fat and of a very good habite of body he was easily hereby induced to suspect some roguery and deceit He acquainted the Magistrate with this his suspicion and got leave that hee might carry her home to his house so to search her more narrowly Where opening her breast he found under her arme-pit a sponge moistened with a commixture of beasts blood and milke and carried through an elder pipe to the hidden holes of her counterfeit cancer Therefore he foments her
the longer yet so that the bottle bee wrapped in cotton wooll or the like soft thing that so it may not be the hardnesse and roughnesse offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering when as from on high wee as it were showre downe some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronall suture for that the skull is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this suture more open than those of the other sutures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the braine The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physitian They are boyled in water and wine to the halfe or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Brine against the cold and humide affects of the braine Sometimes of oyle and vinegar otherwhiles of oyle onely ℞ fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an ʒii myrtil ʒi flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decot ad lb i. cum aceti ℥ ii si altè subeundum sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the braine when we would repercusse we often and with good successe use oyle of Roses with a fourth part of vinegar We use Embrocations that together with the ayre drawne into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humour may penetrate and so coole the inflamed part for the chiefe use of embrocations is in hot affects Also wee use embrocations when as for feare of an haemorrhagie or the flying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bandages wherewith the member is bound For then wee drop downe some decoction or oyle from high upon the bandages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower and middle belly like to a fomentation and not much unlike an embrocation They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or lesse penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seeme to require for if you desire to heate more wine must bee added as in swouning by the clotting of bloud by the corruption of seed by drinking some cold poyson the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feaverish heates also vinegar may bee added The matter of medicines proper to the entrailes is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them ℥ i. or ℥ i ss of these of wine or else of vinegar ℥ i. You may gather this by the following example ℞ aqu ros bugl borag an ℥ iii. succi scabios ℥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid ʒii cort citri sicciʒi coral ras ebor an ʒss sem citri card ben an ʒiiss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi ℥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Epithemes are profitably applyed in hecticke and burning feavers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applyed to the region of the lungs than of the heart for the heate of the lungs being by this meanes tempered the drawn in ayre becomes lesse hot in pestilent and drying feavers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordiall things so to temper the heate and recreate the vitall faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquor and powders warmed is now and then to be applyed to the affected entraile this kinde of remedy as also all other topick and particular medicines ought not to be used unlesse you have first premised generall things CHAP. XXXII Of potentiall Cauteries THat kinde of Pyroticke which is termed a Potentiall Cautery burnes and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of Cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humours by those parts whereto they are applyed Wherefore they are often and with good successe used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venenous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unlesse the inflammation be great for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poyson cals forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmaticke and contumacious tumours for by their heate they take away the force and endeavours of our weake heate Also they are profitably applyed to stanch bleeding to eate or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring downe the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The materials of these Cauteries are Oake ashes Pot ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Figge-tree the stalkes of Coleworts and Beanes cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Romane Vitrioll and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heate is causticke and escharoticke like to an hot iron and burning coale Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skinne together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers formes of them Take of unquencht Lime extinguished in a bowle of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each foure ounces these things must be beaten into a grosse powder then must they be boyled over the fire and after the boyling let them remaine in the Lye for foure and twenty houres space being often stirred about and then strained through a thicke and double linnen cloth lest any of the earthy drosse get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as cleare as water they call Capitellum and they put it in a brasen Bason such as Barbers use and so set it upon the fire and as soone as it boyles they keep it with continuall stirring lest the salt should adhere to the Bason the Capitellum being halfe boyled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitrioll so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the bason
over the fire untill all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut into peeces the salt or that earthy matter which remains after the boyling away of the Capitellum with a knife or hot iron spatula forme them into cauteries of such figure and magnitude as they thinke fitting and so they lay them up or keep them for use in a violl or glasse closly stopped that the ayre get not in Or Take a bundle or sufficient quantity of Beane stalkes or huskes of Colewort stalks two little bundles of cuttings of Vines foure bundles burn them all to ashes which put into a vessell of river water so let them infuse for a dayes space being stirred ever now and then to this adde two pounds of unquencht lime of Axungia vitri halfe a pound of calcined Tartar two pounds of Sal niter foure ounces infuse all these being made into powder in the foresaid Lye for two or three dayes space often stirring it then straine the Capitellum or liquor through a thicke cloth untill it become cleare Put it into a bason and set it over the fire and when as the moisture is almost wholly spent let two or three ounces of vitrioll be added when the moisture is sufficiently evaporated make cauteries of that which remaines after the formerly mentioned manner Take of the ashes of sound knotty old Oake as much as you please make thereof a Lye powre this Lye againe upon other fresh ashes of the same wood let this bee done three or foure times then quench some lime in this Lye of these two make a Capitellum whereof you may make most approved cauteries For such ashes are hot in the fourth degree and in like sort the stones whereof the lime by burning becomes fiery and hot to the fourth degree Verily I have made cauteries of Oake ashes only which have wrought quickly and powerfully The Capitellum or Lye is thought sufficiently strong if that an Egge will swimme therein without sinking Or Take of the ashes of Bean stalkes three pounds of unquencht lime Argoll of the ashes of Oake wood being all well burnt of each two pounds Let them for two dayes space be infused in a vessell full of Lye made of the ashes of Oake wood and be often stirred up and downe Let this Lye then be put into another vessell having many holes in the bottome thereof covered with strums or straw pipes that the Capitellum flowing through these strait passages may become more cleare Let it be put twice or thrice upon the ashes that so it may the better extract the heate and causticke quality of the ashes Then putting it into a Barbers bason set it over the fire and when it shall begin to grow thicke the fire must be increased and cauteries made of this concreating matter The following cauteries are the best that ever I made tryall of as those that applyed to the arme in the bignesse of a Pease in the space of halfe an houre without paine especially if the part of it selfe be painlesse and free from inflammation eate into the skinne and flesh even to the bone and make an ulcer of the bignesse of ones fingers end and they leave an eschar so moyst and humide that within foure or five dayes space it will fall away of it selfe without any scarification I have thought good to call these cauteries Silken or Velvet ones not onely for that they are like Silke gentle and without paine but chiefly because I obtained the description of them of a certaine Chymist who kept it as a great secret for some Velvet and much entreaty Their description is this Take of the ashes of Beane stalkes of the ashes of Oake wood well burnt of each three pounds let them bee infused in a pretty quantity of river water and bee often stirred up and down then adde thereto of unqueneht lime foure pounds which being quencht stirre it now and then together for two daies space that the Capitellum may become the stronger then straine it through a thick strong linnen cloth thus strained put it three or foure times upon the ashes that so it may draw more of the causticke faculties from them then boyle it in a Barbers bason or else an earthen one well leaded upon a good Char-cole fire untill it become thicke But a great part of the secret or art consists in the manner and limit of this boyling for this Capitellum becomming thicke and concreating into salt must not bee kept so long upon the fire untill all the moysture shall bee vanished and spent by the heate thereof for thus also the force of the foresaid medicines which also consists in a spirituous substance will bee much dissipated and weakened therefore before it be come to extreme drinesse it shall be taken off from the fire to wit when as yet there shall some thicke moysture remaine which may not hinder the cauteries from being made up into a forme The made up cauteries shall bee put up into a glasse most closely luted up or stopped that the ayre may not dissolve them and so they shall be laid up and kept in a dry place Now because the powder of Mercury is neere to cauteries in the effects and faculty thereof which therefore is termed Pulvis Angelicus for the excellency therefore I have thought good to give you the description thereof which is thus â„ž Auripigmenti citrini floris aeris an â„¥ ii salis nitri lb iss alumin. rochae lb ii vitrioli rom lb iii. Let them all bee powdred and put into a Retort having a large receiver well luted put thereto Then set the Retort over a Fornace and let the distillation be made first with a gentle fire then increased by little and little so that the receiver may waxe a little reddish â„ž Argenti vivi lb ss aquae fortis lb i. ponantur in phiala fiat pulvis ut sequitur Take a large earthen pot whereinto put the violl or bolt head wherein the Argentum vivum and Aqua fortis are contained setting it in ashes up to the necke thereof then set the pot over a fornace or upon hot coales so that it may boyle and evapourate away the Aqua fortis neither in the interim will the glasse bee in any danger of breaking when all the water is vanished away which you may know is done when as it leaves smoaking suffer it to become cold then take it forth of the ashes and you shall finde calcined Mercury in the bottome of the colour of red Lead separated from the white yellow or blacke excrement for the white that concretes in the toppe is called Sublimate which if it should remaine with the calcined Mercury would make it more painfull in the operation Wherefore separating this calcined Mercury you shall make it into powder and put it in a brasse vessell upon some coales stirring or turning it with a spatula for the space of an houre
respiration ℞ succi betae ʒi aq salv beton an ʒiiss pul castor ℈ ss piper pyreth an ℈ i. fiat caputpurgium Dry errhines that are termed sternutatories for that they cause sneesing are made of powders onely to which purpose the last mentioned things are used as also aromaticke things in a small quantity as to ʒii at the most as ℞ major nigel caryoph zinzib an ℈ i. acor pyreth panis porcin an ℈ ss euphorb ℈ i. terantur diligenter in nares mittantur aut insufflentur Errhines of the consistence of emplasters by the Latines vulgarly called Nasalia are made of the described powders or gums dissolved in the juice of some of the forementioned herbs incorporated with turpentine and waxe that so they may the better be made into a pyramidall forme to bee put into the nostrills As ℞ majoran salv nigel ℈ ii pip alb caryoph galang an ℈ i. pyreth euphorb an ℈ ss panis porcin ellebor alb an ℈ i. terantur in pulverem redigantur And then with turpentine and waxe as much as shall be sufficient make them up into Nasalia of a pyramidall or taper fashion Wee use errhines in inveterate diseases of the braine as the epilepsie feare of blindnsse an apoplexie lethargie convulsion the lost sense of smelling yet we first use generall remedies and evacuations lest by sneesing and the like concussion of the brain for the exclusion of that which is offensive thereto there should be made a greater attraction of impurity from the subjacent parts Liquid things must be drawn up into the nostrils warme out of the palme of the hand to the quantity of ℥ ss the mouth being in the interim filled with water lest the attracted liquor should fall upon the pallat and so upon the lungs dry errhines are to be blown into the nose with a pipe or quill solid ones must be fastned to a thred that they may be drawn forth as need requires when as they are put up into the nostrils The morning the belly being empty is the fittest time for the use of errhines If by their use the nose shall be troubled with an itching the paine thereof must bee mitigated with womans milke or oyle of violets The use of attractive errhines is hurtfull to such as are troubled with diseases of the eyes or ulcers in the nose as it oft times falls out in the Lues venerea wherefore in this case it will bee best to use Apophlegmatismes which may divert the matter from the nose CHAP. XXXVI Of Apophlegmatismes or Masticatories APophlegmatismoi in Greeke and Masticatoria in Latine are medicines which kept or held in the mouth and somewhat chawed doe draw by the mouth forth of the braine excrementitious humours especially phlegme now they are chiefly made foure manner of waies the first is when as the medicines are received in hony or waxe and formed into pills and so given to chaw upon The second is when as the same things are bound up in a fine linnen cloath so to be held in the mouth The third is when as a decoction of acride medicines is kept in the mouth for a pretty space The fourth is when as some acride medicine or otherwise drawing flegme as pellitory of Spaine mastich and the like is taken of it selfe to the quantity of a hasell nut and so chawed in the mouth for some space The matter of masticatories is of the kinde of acrid medicines as of pepper mustard hyssope ginger pellitory of Spaine and the like amongst which you must make choice chiefly of such as are not trouble some by any ingrate taste that so they may be the longer kept in the mouth with the lesse offence loathing Yet masticatories are sometimes made of harsh or acerbe medicines as of berberies the stones of prunes or cherries which held for some space in the mouth draw no lesse store of flegme than acrid things for the very motion and rowling them up and down the mouth attracts because it heats compresses expresses the quantity of the medicine ought to bee from ℥ ss to ℥ iss as ℞ pyreth staphisag an ʒiss mastich ʒss pulverentur involventur nodulis in masticatoria Or ℞ zinzib sinap an ʒi euphorb ℈ ii piper ʒss excipiantur melle fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis ℞ byssop thym origan salv an pi bolie them in water to wash the mouth withall Or ℞ zinzib caryoph an ʒi pyreth pip an ʒss staphisagr ʒii mastiches ℥ ss excipiantur fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis We use masticatories in old diseases of the braine dimnesse of the sight deafnesse pustles of the head and face and sometimes to divert the excrements which runne to the nose being ulcerated Masticatories are very hurtfull to such as have their mouths or throats ulcerated as also to them whose lungs are subject to inflammations destillations and ulcers for then errhines are more profitable to derive the matter of the disease by the nostrils For though the humour drawn from the braine into the mouth by the meanes of the masticatory may bee thence cast forth by coughing and spitting yet in the interim nature will bee so inured to that passage for the humour so that it will run that way when as wee sleepe and fall downe upon the parts thereunder weake either by nature or by accident The time fittest for the use of Apophlegmatismes is the morning the body being first purged if any ingratefull taste remain in the mouth or adhere to the tongue by using of masticatories you shall take it away by washing the mouth with warm water or a decoction of liquorice and barly CHAP. XXXVII Of Gargarismes A Gargle or gargarisme is a liquid composition fit for to wash the mouth and all the parts thereof to hinder defluxion and inflammation to heale the ulcers which are in those parts to asswage paine Their composition is twofold the first is of a decoction of roots leaves flowers fruits and seeds fit for the disease now the decoction is to be made either in faire water alone or with the admixture of white or red wine or in the decoction of liquorice and barly or of pectorall things as the intention of the Physitian is to repell coole or hinder inflammation as in the tooth-ache caused by matter which is yet in motion to discusse as in the tooth-ache already at the height or to cleanse as in the ulcers of the mouth or to dry and binde as when it is fit to heale the ulcers already cleansed The other way of making of gargarismes is without decoction which is when as wee make them either of distilled waters onely or by mixing them with syrupes mucilages milke the whey of Goats milke carefully strained There are mixed sometimes with a decoction distilled waters and mucilages melrosatum oxymel simplex diamoron dianucum hier a picra oxysacchara syrup de rosis siccis
talking idely for they procure sleep But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oile bee mixed or put in them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skinne These bathes are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurated to exclusion when as generall remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion on the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain water then river water so that it be not muddy and then fountaine water the water of standing lakes and fennes is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should bee light and of subtle parts for baths of waters which are more than moderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body and keepe in the fuliginous excrements under the skinne other bathes of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations doe whence it is that some of them relaxe others mitigate paine others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine other whiles oile sometimes fresh butter or milke as when the urine is stopped when nephriticke paines are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habite of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hecticke drynesse for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watred and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate trans-fuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmnesse of a bath Anodine bathes are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which wee may also sometimes mixe resolving things they are boiled in water and wine especially in paines of the collicke proceeding from vitreous phlegme or grosse and thicke flatulencies conteined or shut up in the belly kidneyes or wombe In such bathes it is not fit to sweat but onely to sit in them so long untill the bitternesse of the paine be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by paine should bee more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scailes or crust of scabs is more hard than usuall then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skinne that it may not yeeld it selfe so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may apppeare â„ž rad lilior albor bismalv an lb ii malv. pariet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lb i. flor cham mclil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permiscito olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Bathes though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unlesse they bee fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they doe much harme for they cause shakings and chilnesse paines density of the skinne or too much rarefaction thereof and oft times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must bee mindfull of these cautions before he enter a bath first that there be no weaknesse of any noble and principall bowell for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath diffused and rarified the waies lying open which tend from the whole body to the principall parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humours in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not onely sit that generall purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should bee strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needfull Lastly the bath ought to be in a warme and silent place lest any cold aire by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a feaver may ensue The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomacke being fasting and empty or sixe hours after meat if it be requisite that the patient should bath twice a day other-wise the meat yet crude would bee snatched by the heate of the bath out of the stomacke into the veines and habite of the body Many of all the seasons of the yeere make choice of the spring and end of summer and in these times they chuse a cleare day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharpe an aire As long as the patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meate unlesse peradventure to comfort him hee take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damaske prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humide and spirituous substance is much dissipated Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed and be well covered that by sweating the excrements drawne unto the skinne by the heat of the bath may breake out the sweat cleansed let him use gentle frictions or walking then let him feede upon meat of good juice and easie digestion by reason that the stomacke cannot but be weakened in some sort by the bath That quantity of meat is judged moderate the weight whereof shall not oppresse the stomacke venery after bathing must not bee used because to the resolution of the spirits by the bath it addes another new cause of further spending or dissipating them Some wish those that use the bath by reason of some contraction paine or other affects of the nerves presently after bathing to dawbe or besmeare the affected nervous parts with the clay or mudde of the bathe that by making it up as it were in this paste the vertue of the bath may worke more effectually and may more throughly enter into the affected part These cautions being diligently observed there is no doubt but the profit by bathes will be great wonderfull the same things are to be observed in the use of Stoves or Hot-houses for the use and effect of baths and hot-houses is almost the same which the antients therefore used by turne so that comming forth of the bath they entred a stove and called it also by the name of a bath as you may gather from sundry places of Galen in his Methodus med wherefore I thinke it fit in the
next to speake of them CHAP. XLIII Of Stoves or Hot-houses SToves are either dry or moist Dry by raising a hot and dry aëry exhalation so to imprint their faculties in the body that it thereby waxeth hot and the pores being opened runnes down with sweat There are sundry waies to raise such an exhalation at Paris and wheresoever there are stoves or publicke hot-houses they are raised by a cleere fire put under a vaulted fornace whence it being presently diffused heats the whole roome Yet every one may make himselfe such a stove as he shall judge best and fittest Also you may put red hot cogle stones or bricks into a tubbe having first laid the bottome thereof with brickes or iron plates and so set a seat in the midst thereof wherein the patient sitting well covered with a canopy drawne over him may receive the exhalation arising from the stones that are about him so have the benefit sweating but in this case we must oft looke to and see the patient for it sometimes happens that some neglected by their keepers otherwise employed becomming faint and their sense failing them by the dissipation of their sptrits by the force of the hot exhalation have sunke down with all their bodies upon the stones lying under them and so have beene carried halfe dead and burnt into their beds Some also take the benefit of sweating in a fornace or oven as soone as bread is drawne out thereof But I doe not much approve of this kinde of sweating because the patient cannot as he will much lesse as he pleaseth lye or turne himselfe therein Humid stoves or sudatories are those wherein sweat is caused by a vapour or moist heat this vapour must be raised from a decoction of roots leaves flowers and seeds which are thought fit for this purpose the decoction is to be made in water or wine or both together Therefore let them all be put into a great vessell well luted from the top of whose cover iron or tinne pipes may come into the bathing tub standing neere thereto betweene the two bottomes thereof by meanes whereof the hot vapour may enter thereinto and diffuse it selfe therein Now it is fit the bathing tub should bee furnished with a double bottome the one below and whole the other somewhat higher and perforated with many holes whereupon the patient sitting may receive a sudorificke vapour over all his body now this vapour if at any time it become too hot must bee tempered by opening the hole which must for the same purpose be made in the top of the pipe that so it may be opened and shut at pleasure In the interim the tub shall bee closely covered wherein the patient sits hee putting forth onely his head that so hee may draw in the coole aire In defect of such pipes the herbs shall bee boiled by themselves in a caldron or kettle and this shall bee set thus hot into the bathing tubbe at the patients feet and so by casting into it heated stones a great and sudorificke vapour shall be raised The delineation of a bathing Tubbe having a double bottome with a vessell neare thereto with pipes comming therefrom and entring betweene the two bottomes of the Tubbe CHAP. XLIV Of Fuci that is washes and such things for the smoothing and beautifying of the skinne THis following discourse is not intended for those women which addicted to filthy lust seek to beautifie their faces as baits and allurements to filthy pleasures but it is intended for those onely which the better to restraine the wandring lusts of their husbands may endevour by art to take away those spots and deformities which have happened to fall on their faces either by accident or age The colour that appeares in the face either laudible or illaudible abundantly shewes the temper both of the body as also of those humours that have the chiefe dominion therein for every humour dyes the skinne of the whole body but chiefly of the face with the colour thereof for choler bearing sway in the body the face lookes yellowish phlegme ruling it lookes whitish or pale if melancholy exceed then blackish or swart but if blood have the dominion the colour is fresh and red Yet there are other things happening externally which change the native colour of the face as sun burning cold pleasure sorrow feare watching fasting paine old diseases the corruption of meats and drinks for the flourishing colour of the cheeks is not onely extinguished by the too immoderate use of vinegar but by the drinking of corrupt waters the face becomes swolne and pale On the contrary laudible meats and drinks make the body to bee well coloured and comely for that they yeeld good juice and consequently a good habite Therefore if the spots of the face proceed from the plenitude and ill disposition of humours the body shall bee evacuated by blood-letting if from the infirmity of any principall bowell that must first of all bee strengthened but the care of all these things belongs to the Physitian we here onely seek after particular remedies which may smooth the face and take away the spots and other defects thereof and give it a laudible colour First the face shall be washed with the water of lilly flowers of bean flowers water lillies of distilled milke or else with the water wherein some barly or starch hath bin steeped The dryed face shall be anointed with the ointments presently to be described for such washing cleanseth and prepareth the face to receive the force of the ointments no otherwise than an alumed lye prepares the haires to drinke up and retaine the colour that wee desire Therefore the face being thus cleansed and prepared you may use the following medicines as those that have a faculty to beautifie extend and smooth the skinne as ℞ gum tragacanth conquass ʒ ii distemperentur in vase vitrio cum lb ii aquae communis sic gummi dissolventur inde albescet aqua Or else ℞ lithargyri auri ℥ ii cerus salis com an ℥ ss aceti aquae plantag an ℥ ii caphur ʒ ss macerentur lithargyros cerusa in aceto seor sim per tres aut quatuor hor as sal vero camphora in aqua qua◠instituto tuo aptam delegeris then filter them both severall and mixe them together being so filtred when as you would use them ℞ lactis vaccini lb ii aranciorum limon an nu iv sacchari albissimi alum roch an ℥ i. distillentur omnia simul let the lemmons and oranges bee cut into slices and then be infused in milk adding thereto the sugar and alome then let the mall be distilled together in balneo Mariae the water that comes thereof will make the face smooth and lovely Therefore about bed time it will be good to cover the face with linnen cloaths dipped therein A water also distilled of snailes gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowres of white mullaine
mixed together in equall proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of elme leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž mica panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor naenuph lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti opt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitreo fiat aqua ad faciei manuum lotionem Or â„ž olci de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat lintmentum pro facie Or. â„ž caponem vivum caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu vi cerus lot in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. Ê’ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheepes bones which smooths the roughnesse of the skinne beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boyling beat them and so boyle them in water when they are well boyled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swimmes upon it and therewith anoint your face when as you goe to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul fiat linimentum addendo olci ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Cerusse into very fine powder and infuse lb i. thereof in a pottle of distilled vinegar for foure or five dayes then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessell over a gentle fire untill it concrete into salt just as you doe the capitellum in making of Cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them be all incorporated in a marble mortar and kept in a glasse or silver vessell and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevailes against the rednesse of the face if after the aâ—ointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloath moistened in the formerly described water â„ž sublim Ê’ i. argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ ii margarit non perforat Ê’ i. caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aqua myrti desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde foliorum auri argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palme of your hand a little oile of mastick or of sweet almonds then presently in that oyle dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and againe in the morning when you rise When the sace is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheekes with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautifull colour for this purpose take as much as you shall thinke fit of brasill and alchunet steep them in alume water and there with touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps skinne died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand onely a pleasing rednesse in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits CHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternaturall rednesse which possesseth the nose and cheekes and oft times all the face besides one while with a tumour other whiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixtion of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacea This shewes both more and more ugly in winter than in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skinne so that the matter contained thereunder is pent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skinne into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft times not to be helped by medicine For the generall method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstaine from wine and from all things in generall that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shunne hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena front is and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leaches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate the hardnesse shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physitian shall thinke fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum argenti vivi cum saliva sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ ii farin cicer fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’ i. cum melle succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantaine water and spread them upon linnen cloaths and so apply them on the night time to the affected parts and so let them be oft times renued â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei scm cucurb succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be anointed when you goe to bed in the morning let it bee washed away with rose water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vinegar boyled with branne and rose water and applied as before powerfully takes away the rednesse of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphur is vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquarosarum linnen cloaths dipped herein shall be applied to the face on the night and it shall bee washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of bran this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lb i. butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor
which is distilled for the first daies is troubled and stinking but these passed it becommeth cleare and well smelling Some boile bran in vinegar and the water of water lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply cloaths moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening ℞ album ovor nu ii aquae ros ℥ i ss succi plantag lapath. acut an ℥ i ss sublimati ℈ i. incorporentur in mortario marmoreo ℞ axung porcidecies in aceto lota ℥ iv argenti vivi ℥ i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an ʒ i. pistentur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi ℞ rad lapath acut asphodel an ℥ ii coquantur in aceto scillitico postea tundantur setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti ʒ ii sulphuris vivi ʒ x. let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to dry up the pustles ℞ rad liliorum sub cineribus coctorum ℥ iv pistillo tusis setaceo trajectis adde butyri recentis axung porci lotae in aceto an ℥ i. sulphuris vivi ʒ iii. camphor ℈ iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit malaxentur simul fiat unguentum ℞ lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis ℥ ss sulphuris vivi ℥ i. succi limonum ℥ vi salis com ʒ ss let them all be distilled in a glasse alembicke and the water kept for the forementioned uses ℞ lapath. acut plantagin asphodel an ℥ i ss olei vitel ovor ℥ i. terebinth venet ℥ ss succi limonum ʒ iii. aluminis combust ʒ i. argenti vivi extinct ℥ i. olei liliorum ℥ ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sub finem argent viv ne mortario adhaerescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or the yelkes of egges are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-wormes and Tettars the leaves of hellebore beaten with vinegar are good the milke of the fig-tree is good of it selfe as also that of the spurges or mustard dissolved in strong vinegar with a little sulphur Or ℞ sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an ʒ i. macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per linteum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egge in sharpe vinegar with coporose and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they straine or presse it through a linnen cloath But seeing the forementioned medicines are acride and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot bee but that they must make the skinne harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it againe you shall make use of the following ointment ℞ tereb ven tam diu lotae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an ℥ i ss olei vitel ovor ℥ i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae ℥ ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To blacke the haire AT first the haires to take the fucus or tincture and to retaine it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roche Alome is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the haire Then must we come to particular or proper fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromaticke and cephalicke and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power they may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtle parts that they may enter even into the inner rootes of the haires ℞ Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an ʒii scoriae ferri ʒss in pollinem reducantur cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the haires bee rubbed and in the morning let them bee smoothed with the same ℞ calcis lotae ℥ i. lithargyri utriusque ℥ ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem ʒ ii ℞ lytharg auri ℥ ii ciner clavellat ℥ i s8 calcis viv ʒ i. dissolve omnia cum urena hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum ℞ calcis lotae ℥ iv lithargyri utriusque an ℥ ii cum decoct salv cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the haire at bed time bee died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pints of faire water one pound of lime then poure out the water by stooping the vessell putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water powre thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many houres then in like manner powre it off by stooping the vessell and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to die or black the haire by only powring of some liquor thereon as ℞ argenti purissimi ʒ ii reducantur in cumʒii aquae separationis auri argenti aquae rosar ʒ vi The preparing of this water is thus put into a violl the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coales so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold adde thereto the rose water But if you would black it more deeply adde more silver thereto if lesse then a smaller quantity to use it you must steepe the combe wherewith you combe your head in this water ℞ plumbi usti ℥ ii gallarum non perforat cortic nucum an ℥ iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an ℥ ii vitriol rom ℥ vi salis gem ℥ i ss caryoph nucis mosch an ℥ i. salis ammon aloes an ʒ ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vinegar for three daies space then distill it all in an alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the haires of a flaxen colour ℞ flor genist staechad cardamom an ℥ i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian berber an ℥ i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten the haires for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Psilothra or Depilatories and also of Sweet waters MEdicines to fetch off haire which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in latine vulgarly are made as you may learn by these following examples ℞ calcis vivae ℥ iii. auripigmenti ℥ i. let the lime bee quencht in faire water and then the orpiment added with some aromaticke thing have a care that the medicine lye not too long upon
every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in the first place and presently after by the helpe of a stronger fire followes the oilely which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold temperament for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oilely and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashion the vessells for the distilling of waters ought to be FOr the distilling of any kind of waters two kind of vessells are necessary which are comprehended under this one generall name of an Alembecke They call one of them the body or containing vessell the other the head that is the cap or top wherein the ascending vapours are condensated or turned into water It is called the head because it stands over the body like as an head from the head there comes out a pipe or nose whereby the distilled liquor flowes drop by drop into the receiver as you may see by the following figure The Fornace for a Bolneum Mariae with the Alembeck and their receivers A. Shewes a brasse kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage forth to the Vessells C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heate the water D. The Alembecke consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigics of another balneum Mariae not so easy to be remooved as the former A. Shewes the vessell or Copper that containes the water B. The Alembecke set in water But least the bottome of the Alembicke being halfe full should floate up and downe in the water and so sticke against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and meanes to prevent that danger A. Shewes the Vessell or glasse Alembecke B. A plate of Lead whereon it stands C. Strings that bind the Alembecke to the plate D. Kings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembecke You may also distill the liquors of things by the vapour or steame of boyling water if so be that you bee provided of Vessells and formes made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessells to distill liquors with the steme of boyling water A. Shewes the head of the Alembecke B The body thereof placed in a brasse vessell made for that purpose C. A brasse vessell perforated in many places to receive the vapour of the water This vessell shall conteine th'Alembecke compassed about with sawdust not onely that it may the better and longer retaine the heate of the vapour but also least it should be broken by the hard touch of the brasen vessell D. Shewes the brasse vessell containing the water as it is plac't in the Fornace E. The Fornace containing the vessell F. A Funnell by which you may now and then powre in water in stead of that which is vanisht and dissipated by the heate of the fire G. The Receiver Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certaine that those which are drawne in balne Mariae or a double vessell are farre better and efficacious because they doe not onely reteine the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste as acidity harshnesse sweetnesse bitternesse and other qualities so that they will neither savour of smoake nor burning for the milde and gentle heate of a bath containes by his humidity the more subtle parts of the plants that are distilled that they be not dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heate of wood or coales For these have a certaine nitrous and acrid taste savouring of the smoake of fire Besides they acquire a maligne quality from the vessells out of which they are distilled especially if they bee of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtfull to the principall vitall and naturall parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormewood water thus distilled Those things which are distill'd in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glasse vessell from which they can borrow no maligne quality Therefore the waters so drawne are more effectuall and pleasing in taste smell and sight You may draw waters not onely from one kind of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together Of these some are alimentary others medicinall yea and purging others acquir'd for smell others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as wee shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materialls must be prepared before Distillation THings before they be put into the Alembecke must undergoe a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yeeld the more water and retaine their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which neede no infusion or maceration but must rather bee dryed before they bee distilled as Sage Time Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor onely In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to bee infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid dry or whole must be longer macerated than such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that rootes and seedes require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of other things The liquors wherein infusion must be made ought to bee agreeable to the things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused Such things as have not much juice as Betonie wormewood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromaticke things would be infused in wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if wee desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly reteine and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof or some such appropriate liquor that it may swimme in it whilest it is distilled or at least let it bee sprinckled therewith CHAP. VII Of the art of distilling of waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters I thinke it not amisse briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there bee and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinall as the waters of Roses Plantaine Sorrell Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we
call Restauratives othersome are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinall things others are purging as the distilled water of greene and fresh Rubarbe othersome serve for smoothing the skinne and others for smell of which sort are those that are destilled of aromaticke things To distill Rose water it will be good to macerate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three dayes in some formerly distilled Rosewater or their pressed out juice luting the vessell close then put them into an Alembecke closely luted to his head and his receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as wee have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that wee vulgarly call Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veale Mutton Kid Capon Pullet Cocke Partridge Pheasant as much as shall seeme fit for your purpose cut it small and least it should acquire heate or empyreuma from the fire mixe therewith a handfull of French Barley and of red Rose leaves dry and fresh but first steeped in the juice of Pomegranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon as much But if you desire that this restaurative should not onely bee alimentary but also medicinall you shall adde thereto such things as shall resist the disease such as are Cordiall pouders as of El. Diamargarit frigid De Gemmis Aromaticum Rosat Conserve of Buglosse Borrage roots hearbes seeds and other things of that kind But if it be in a pestiferous season Treacle Mithridate and other Antidotes shall be added each of these shall be laid in rankes or orders one over another which is vulgarly termed stratum super stratum in a glasse Alembeck and distilled in balneo Mariae with the heate of Ashes or else of warme sand as the following figure shewes The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve for to distill with Ashes A. Shewes the Fornace with the hole to take forth the Ashes B. Shewes another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brasse and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brasse that so the conteined water or ashes may bee the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are conteined D. The Alembecke set in the water ashes or sand with the mouthes of the receivers E. The bottome of the second brasse Fornace whose top is marked with B. which containes the fire There may be made other restrauratives in shorter time with lesse labour and cost To this purpose the flesh must be beaten and cut thinne and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them into a Glasse and let the thred hang out so stop up the glasse close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Towe and lute it up with paste made of meale and the whites of egges then set it up to the necke in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottome but let it be kept upright by the formerly described meanes then make a gentle fire thereunder untill the contained flesh by long boyling shall bee dissolved into juyce and that will commonly be in some foure houres space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glasse before the water be cold least it being hot should be broken by the suddaine appulse of the cold aire Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the peeces of flesh be drawne forth so that onely the juyce may be left remaining then straine it through a bagge and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamon adding a little juyce of Citron Verjuice or Vinegar as it shall best like the patients palate After this manner you may quickely easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives aswell medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a cleane contrary manner than the oyles and waters are drawne of Aromaticke things as Sage Rosemary Time Aniseedes Fennell Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of these as that which is subtile and ayery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of purging things as Turbith Agaricke Rubarbe and the like subside in the bottome For the purgative faculty of these purgers inseparably adheres to the bodies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skinne of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua vitae or the spirit of wine TAke of good White or Clarret wine or Sacke which is not sowre nor mustie nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fill the vessell wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they tearme it rectified the more noble and effectuall it becomes Therefore some distill it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of 24. pints of Wine or Lees draw 6. or 8. pints of distilled liquor At the second time the halfe part of that is 3. or 4. pints At the third distillation the halfe part againe that is two pints so that the oftner you distill it over the lesse liquor you have but it will be a great deale the more efficacious I doe well like that the first distillation bee made in Ashes the second in Balneum Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approoved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoone or saucer and there set on fire burnes wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottome of the vessell if you drop a drop of oyle into this same water it incontinently falls to the bottome or if you drop a drop thereof into the palme of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of probation of this liquor The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the paines of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings sownings gangreenes and mortification both of its flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle There is this difference betweene the distilling of wine and Vinegar wine being of an ayery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectuall in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remaines in the bottome of the vessell is of a cold dry and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vinegar being distilled
â„¥ viij Let them all bee boiled together to the consumption of the wine then straine the Oyle and reserve it in a vessell CHAP. XII Of extracting Oiles of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all hearbes that carry their flowres and seeds in an umbell have seeeds of a hot subtle and aiery substanc and consequently oyly Now because the oyly substance that is conteined in simple bodyes is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is twofold For some is grosse earthy viscous and wholy confused and mixt with the bodyes out of which they ought to be drawne as that which wee have sayd is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this naturall grossnesse bee lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily rises such is the oyly substance of aromaticke things as of Iuniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This is the manner of extracting oyles out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the materiall there may bee ten pints of water infuse it in a copper bottome having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couller filled with cold water Set your vessell upon a furnace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall waxe hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not fly away you shall put a long neckt receiver to the nose of the Alembecke and you shall increase the fire untill the things conteined in the Alembecke boyle There is also another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brasse or copper bottome covered with his head to which shall be fitted and well luted a worme of Tinne this worme shall runne through a barrell filled with cold water that the liquor which flowes forth with the oyle may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worme you shall set your receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be encreased by little and little untill the conteined matter as wee formerly sayd do boyle but take heede that you make not too quicke or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boyling may exceede the bounds of the containing vessell and so violently fly over Observing these things you shall presently at the very first see an oiely moisture flowing forth together with the watrish When the oyle hath done owing which you may know by the colour of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the â—â—re and you may separate the oyle from the water by a little vessell made like a Thimble and tyed to the end of a sticke or which is better with a glasse funnell or instrument made of glasse for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oiles that swimme upon the top of the water as oile of aniseedes othersome on the contrary which fall to the bottome as oile of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oile of Aniseede and Cinnamon is whitish and in successe of time will in some small proportion turne into oile Also these waters must bee kept severall for they are farre more excellent than those that are distilled by Balneum Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyle Oiles are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectuall for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted in a few drams For example the facultie that was dispersed over j. pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyle at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawne into Ê’iss or Ê’ij at the most of oile But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without feare of breaking the vessells whereto glasses are subject I like that you distill them in copper vessells for you neede not feare that the oyle which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flowes forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall betinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessells to extract the Chymicall oiles or spirits of Sage Rosemary Time Lavender Aniseeds Fennell seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of wine of Vinegar and aqua vitae In stead of the barrell and worme you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shewes the bottome which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the inside B. The head C. The Barrell filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyle that run through the pipe or worme that is put through it D. Apipe of brasse or lattin or rather a worme of Tinne running through the Barrell E. The Alembecke set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper and other spices which grew not here with us I have thought good to describe these out of Thevets Cosmography he having seene them growing Pepper growes on shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivy berries or bunches of small blacke grapes or currance The leaves are like those of the Citron tree but sharpish and pricking The Indians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soone as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft times happens that there are more than 200. shippes upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in Antidotes against poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applyed and taken inwardly against a cold stomacke in sauces it helpes concotion and procures appetite you must make choyse of such as is blacke heavie and not flaccide The trees which beare white and those that beare blacke pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unlesse when they have their fruite hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which beare white and blacke grapes The tree that yeelds Cinnamon growes in the mountaines of India and hath leaves very like to bay leaves
twelve ounces of oyle flow from an ounce of Turpentine This kind of oyle is effectuall against the Palsie Convulsions punctures of the nerves and wounds of all the nervous parts But you shall thus extract oyle out of waxe take one pound of waxe melt it and put it into a glasse Retort set in sand or ashes as wee mentioned a little before in drawing of oyle of Turpentine then destill it by encreasing the fire by degrees There distills nothing forth of waxe besides an oyly substance and a little Phlegma yet portion of this oyly substance presently concreats into a certaine butter-like matter which therefore would be distilled over againe you may draw â„¥ vj or viij of oyle from one pound of waxe This oyle is effectuall against Contusions and also very good against cold affects CHAP. XV. Of extracting of oyles out of the harder sorts of Gummes as myrrhe mastich frankincense and the like SOme there be who extract these kinds of oyles with the Retort set in ashes or sand as we mentioned in the former Chapter of oyles of more liquid gums adding for every pound of gumme two pints of Aqua vitae and two or three ounces of oyle of Turpentine then let them infuse for eight or ten dayes in Balneo Mariae or else in horse dung then they set it to distill in a Retort Now this is the true manner of making of oyles of Myrrhe Take Myrrhe made into fine pouder and therewith fill hard Egges in stead of their yoalkes being taken out then place the Egges upon a gridiron or such like grate in some moist place as a cellar and set under them a Leaden earthen panne the Myrrhe will dissolve into an oilely water which being presently put into a glasse and well stopped with an equall quantitie of rectified aqua vitae and so set for three or foure monthes in hot horse dung which past the vessell shall be taken forth and so stopped that the conteined liquor may be poured into an Alembecke for there will certaine grosse setling by this meanes remaine in the bottome then set your Alembecke in Balneo and so draw off the aqua vitae phlegmaticke liquor and there will remaine in the bottome a pure cleare oile whereto you may give a curious colour by mixing therewith some Alkanet and a smell by droping thereinto a little oyle of Sage Cinnamon or cloves Now let us shew the composition and manner of making of balsames by giving you one or two examples the first of which is taken out of Vesalius his Chirurgery and is this â„ž terebinth opt lb. j. ol laurini â„¥ iiij galbani â„¥ iij. gum elem â„¥ iiij ss thuris Myrrhae gum hederae centaur majoris ligni aloës an â„¥ iij. galangae caryophyll consolidae majoris Cinamoni nucis moschat zedoaniae zinzib dictamni albi an â„¥ j. olei vermium terrestrium â„¥ ij aq vitae lb. vj. The manner of making it is this let all these things be beaten and made small and so iâ—fused for three dayes space in aqua vitae then distilled in a Retort just as wee said you must distill oyle of Turpentine and waxe There will flow hence three sorts of liquors the first watrish and cleare the other thinne and of pure golden colour the third of the colour of a Carbuncle which is the true Balsame The first liquor is effectuall against the weakenesse of the stomacke comming of a cold cause for that it cuts flegme and discusses â—â—atulencies the second helpes fresh and hot bleeeing wounds as also the palsie The third is chiefly effectuall against these same effects The composition of the following Balsamum is out of Fallopius and is this â„ž terebinth clarae lb. ij olei de semine lini lb. j. resinae pini â„¥ vj thuris myrrhae aloes mastiches sarcocollae an â„¥ iij. macis ligni Aloes an â„¥ ij croci â„¥ ss Let them all be put in a glasse Retort set in ashes and so distilled First there will come forth a cleere water then presently after a reddish oyle most proâ—â—table for wounds Now you must know that by this meanes we may easily distill all Axungia's fatts parts of creatures woods all kinds of barkes and seeds if so bee that they be first macerated as they ought to bee yet so that there will come forth more watry than oyly humidity Now for that wee have formerly frequently mentioned Thus or frankinsense I have heere thought good out of Thevets Cosmography to give you the description of the tree from which it flowes The frankincense tree saith hee growes naturally in Arabia resembles a pine yeelding a moisture that is presently hardened and it concreates into whitish cleare graines fatty within which cast into the fire take flame Now frankincense is adulte rated with pine-rosin and Gumme which is the cause that you shall seldome finde that with us as it is here described you may finde out the deceit as thus for that neither Rosin nor any other gumme takes flame for Râ—sin goes away in smoake but frankincese presently burnes The smell also beâ—ayes the counterfeite for it yeelds no gratefull smell as frankincense doth The Arabians wound the tree that so the liquor may the more readily flow forth whereof they make great gaine It fills up hollow Vlcers and cicatrizes them wherefore it enters as a cheefe ingredient into artificiall balsame frâ—nâ—… alone made into powder and applyed stanches the blood that flowes out or wounds Mathiolus faith that it being mixed with Fullers earth and oyle of Roses is a singular remedy against the inflammation of the breasts of women lately delivered of childe CHAP. XVI The making of oyle of Vitriall TAke ten pounds of Vitrioll which being made into powder put it into an earthen pot and set it upon hot coales untill it be calcined which is when as it becomes reddish after some five or sixe houres when as it shall bee throughly cold breake the pot and let the vitrioll be againe made into powder that so it may be calcined againe and you shall doe thus so often and long untill it shall be perfectly calcined which is when as it shall be exactly red then let it be made into powder and put into an earthen Retort like that wherein aqua fortis is usually drawne adding for every pound of your calcined vitrioll of tile shreds or powdered bricke 1 quarter then put the Retort furnished with its receiver into a fornace of Reverberation alwayes keeping a strong fire and that for the space of 48 houres more or lesse according to the manner and plenty of the distilling liquor You shall know the distillation is finished when as the receiver shall begin to recover his native perspicuity being not now filled with vaporouse spirits wherewith as long as the humor distills it is replenished and lookes white Now for the receiver there are 2 things to be observed The first is that it bee great and very capacious
promised one to another not to tell it to any one The King sent for Monsieur de Guise to know if hee had not talked of this assault hee swore and affirmed to him he had not told it to any body and Monsieur the Constable said as much who said to the King he must expressely know who had declared this secret counsell seeing they were but three Inquisition was made from Captaine to Captaine in the end the truth was found for one sayd t was such a one told me another sayd as much till at length they came to the first who declared he had learnd it of a Groome of the Kings chamber named Guyard borne at Blois the sonne of the deceased King Francis his Barber The King sent for him into his Tent in the presence of Monsieur de Guise and of Monsieur the Constable to understand from him whence he had it and who told him that this assault was to bee given The King told him that if he did not tell the truth that he would cause him to be hanged then he declared he lay downe under his bed thinking to sleepe and so having heard it he declared it to a Captaine who was a friend of his to the end hee might prepare himselfe with his Souldiers the first for the assault After the King knew the truth he told him he should never serve him againe and that he deserved to be hanged and forbid him ever to come againe to the Court My Groome of the Chamber went away with this sad newes and lay with one of the Kings Chirurgions in ordinary named Master Lewis and in the night gave himselfe six wounds with a knife and cut his throate yet the said Chirurgion perceived nothing till morning till hee saw the bed bloody and the dead body by him hee much mervailed at this spectacle upon his waking and was afraid least they should say he was the cause of this murther but was soone freed knowing the cause to bee from desperation having lost the good amitie which the King bore to him The said Guyard was buried And those of Danvilliers when they saw the breach large enough for them to enter in and the Souldies prepared for the assault yeelded themselves to the mercy of the King The chiefe of them were prisoners and the Souldiers sent away without armes The Campe being broken up I returned to Paris with my Gentleman whose Leg I had cut off I drest him and God cured him I sent him to his house merry with a woodden Leg and was content saying that he scaped good cheape not to have beene miserably burnt as you write in your booke my little Master The Voyage of Castle the Compt. 1552. A Little while after King Henry levied an Army of thirty thousand men to goe make spoile about Hedin The King of Navarre who was then called Monsieur de Vendosme was chiefe of the Army and the Kings Lievtenant Being at S. Denis in France staying while the companies pass'd by he sent for me to Paris to come speak with him being there he prayed me and his request was a command that I would follow him this voyage and I about to make my excuse told him him my wife was sicke in her bed he made me answer that there were Phisitions at Paris for to cure her and that he as well left his owne who was as well descended as mine promising me that hee would use me well and forthwith gave command that I should be lodged as one of his Traine Seeing this great affection which he had to leade me with him I durst not to refuse him I went and met with him at the Castale of Compt within 3. or 4. leagues of Hedin there where there was the Emperors Souldiers in garrison with a number of Pessants round about hee caused them to be summond to render themselves and they made answer they should never have them but by peeces and let them doe their worst and they would doe their best to defend themselves They put confidence in their ditches full of water and in two houres with a great number of Bavins and certaine empty Caskes way was made to passe over the foote when they must goe to the assault and were beaten with five peeces of Cannon till a breach was made large enough to enter in where they within received the assault very valiantly and not without killing and hurting a great number of our people with musket shot pikes and stones In the end when they saw themselves constrained they put fire to their pouder and munition which was the cause of burning many of our people and of theirs likewise and they were all almost put to the edge of the sword Notwithstanding some of our Souldiers had taken twentie or thirtie hoping to have ransome for them That was knowne and ordered by the Counsell that it should be proclaimed by the Trumpet through the Campe that all Souldiers who had any Spaniards prisoners were to kill them upon paine to be hanged and strangled which was done upon cold blood From thence we went and burnt diver Villages whose barnes were full of all kind of graine to my great greefe Wee went along even to Tournaban where there was a very great Tower where the Enemies retired but there was no man found in it all was pillaged and the Tower was made to leape by a Mine and then with Gunpouder turned topsy turvy After that the Campe was broken up and I returned to Paris I will not yet forget to write that the day after the Castle of Compt was taken Monsieur de Vendosme sent a Gentleman to the King to make report to him of all which had pass'd and amongst other things told the King that I had greatly done my duty in dressing those that were wounded and that I had shewed him eighteene Bullets which I had taken or drawne out of the hurt bodies and that there were divers more which I could neither finde nor draw out and told more good of mee than there was by halfe Then the King said hee would have mee into his service and commanded Monsieur de Goguier his chiefe Physition to write me downe as entertained one of his Chirurgions in ordinary and that I should goe meete with him at Rheimes within ten or twelve dayes which I did where he did me the honour to command me that I would dwell neare him and that he would doe me good Then I thankt him most humbly for the honour it pleased him to doe me in calling me to his service The Voyage of Mets. 1552. THe Emperour having beseiged Mets and in the hardest time of winter as each one knowes of fresh memory and that there was in the Citty five or sixe thousand men and amongst the rest seaven Princes that is to say Monsieur the Duke of Guise the Kings Lievtenant Messieurs d'Anguien de Conde de Montpensier de La Roch upon Yon Monsieur de Nemours and divers other
of the blood descends under the Diaphragme and on the left side is conjoyned to the emulgent veine which is the way by which the matter in pleuresies and in Empiema doe manifestly empty themselves by urine and stoole As it is likewise seene the pure milke of the brests of women newly brought to bed to descend by the Mammillary Veines and to be evacuated downewards by the necke of the wombe without being mixt with the blood And such a thing is done as it were by a miracle of nature by her expulsive and sequesting vertue which is seene by experience of two glasse vessells called Mount-wine let the one be filled with water and the other with Claret wine and let them be put the one upon the other that is to say that which shall bee filled with water upon that which shall be filled with wine and you shall apparently see the wine mount up to the top of the vessell quite through the water and the water descend atraverse the wine and goe to the bottome of the vessell without mixture of both and if such a thing be done so exteriorly and openly to the sense of our eye by things without life you must beleeve the same in our understanding That nature can make matter and blood to passe having beene out of their vessells yea through the bones without being mingled with the good blood Our discourse ended I embalmed the body and put it into a Coffinne after that the Emperors Chirurgion tooke me apart and told me if I would remaine with him that he would use me very well and that he would cloath me anew also that I should ride on horsebacke I thanked him very kindly for the honour he did me and told him that I had no desire to doe service to strangers and enemies to my Countrey then he told mee I was a foole and if he were prisoner as I hee would serve the divell to get his liberty In the end I told him flat that I would not dwell at all with him The Emperors Physition returned toward the sayd Lord of Savoy where he declared the cause of the death of the sayd Lord of Martigues and told him that it was impossible for all the men in the would to have cured him and confirmed againe that I had done what was necessary to be done and prayed him to winne mee to his service and spoke better of me than I deserved Having beene perswaded to take me to his service he gave charge to one of his stewards named Monfieur du Bouchet to tell me if I would dwell in his service that he would use me kindly I answered him that I thank't him most humbly and that I had resolved not to dwell with any stranger This my answer being heard by the Duke of Savoy he was somewhat in choller and sayd hee would send mee to the Gallies Monsieur de Vandeville Governour of Gravelin and Colonell of seaventeene Ensignes of foote prayed him to give me to him to dresse him of an Vlcer which he had in his Leg this six or seaven yeares Monsieur de Savoy told him because I was of worth that he was content and if I ranckled his Leg it would be â—ell done Hee answered that if hee perceaved any thing that hee would cause my throate to be cut Soone after the said Lord of Vaudeville sent for me by fowre Germane Halberdiers which affrighted me much not knowing whither they led mee they spake no more French than I high Dutch being arrived at his lodging he told mee I was welcome and that I was his and as soone as I should have cured him of that Vlcer in his Leg that he would give me leave to be gone without taking any ransome of me I told him I was not able to pay any ransome Then he made his Physition and Chirurgions in ordinary to shew mee his ulcerated Leg having seene and considered it we went apart into a Chamber where I began to tell them that the said Vlcer was annuall not being simple but complicated that is to say of a round figure and scaly having the lips hard and callous hollow and sordid accompanied with a great varicous veine which did perpetually feede it besides a great tumor and a phlegmonous distemper very painefull through the whole Leg in a body of cholericke complexion as the haire of his face and beard demonstrated The method to cure it if cured it could be was to begin with universall things that is with purgation and bleeding and with this order of dyet that hee should not use any wine at all nor any salt meates or of great nourishment chiefely these which did heat the blood afterward the cure must begun with making divers scarifications about the Vlcer and totally cutting away the callous edges or lips and giving a long or a triangular figure for the round will very hardly cure as the Ancients have left it in writing which is seene by experience That done the filth must be mundified as also the corrupted flesh which should be done with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and upon it a bolster dipt in juice of Plantaine and Nightshade and Oxycrate and roule the Leg beginning at the foote and finishing at the knee not forgetting a little bolster upon the Varicous veine to the end no superfluities should flow to the Vlcer Moreover that he should take rest in his bed which is commanded by Hippocrates who saith that those who have soare Legs should not use much standing or sitting but lying along And after these things done and the Vlcer well mundified a plate of Lead rubbed with quickesilver should be applyed See then the meanes by which the said Lord Vaudeville might be cured of the said Vlcer all which they found good Then the Physition left mee with the Chirurgion and went to the Lord Vaudeville to tell him that he did assure him I would cure him and told him all that I had resolved to doe for the cure of his Vlcer whereof hee was very joyfull He made mee to bee called to him and asked me if I was of the opinion that his Vlcer could be cured and I told him yes provided he would be obedient to doe what he ought He made me a promise hee would performe all things which I would appoint and as soone as his Vlcer should be cured he would give me liberty to returne without paying any ransome Then I beseech't him to come to a better composition with me telling him that the time would be too long to bee in liberty if I stayd till hee was perfectly well and that I hoped within fifteene dayes the Vlcer should bee diminished more than one halfe and it should bee without paine and that his Physitions and Chirurgions would finish the rest of the cure very easily To which hee agreed and then I tooke a peece of paper and cut it the largenesse of the Vlcer which I gave him and kept as much my selfe I prayd him to keepe promise when he should
Laâ—…x The head is mooved by 14. Muscles The 8. Muscles of the necke The Muscles of the chest 18. The 8. muscles of the lower belly The 6. or 8. of the loines The two Cremasters of the Testicles The three of the fundament The muscles of the Arme 〈◊〉 generall 32. The muscles of the legge in generall 50. What an Impostume vulgarly so called is The materiall causes of Impostumes or unnaturall tumors After what manner tumours against nature are chiefely made Three causes of heat Foure causes of paine Two causes of weaknesse Two causes of congestion The principall signes of tumors are drawne from the essence of the part Lib. 2. ad Glaue 13. method The proper signes of a sanguine tumor of a plegmaticke of a melancholick of a cholerick The knowledge of tumors by their motion and exacerbation Lib. 2. Epidem The beginning of an impostume The encrease The State The signes of a tumor to be terminated by resolution The signes of suppuration The signes and causes of a tumor terminated in a Scyrrhus The signes of a Gangrene at hand Of disappearance of a tumor and the signes thereof Cold tumors require a longer cure Tumors made of matter not naturall are more difficultly cured Hippo. Aph. 8. sect 6. What must be considered in undertaking the cure of tumors What we must understand by the nature of the part What we must understand by the faculty of the part What we must consider in performing the cure What things disswade us from using repercussives What tumors may be reduced to a Phlegmon Which to an Erysipelas Which to an Oëdema Which to a Scyrrhus What a true Phlegmon is A Phlegmon one thing and a Phlegmonous tumor another Gal. lib. de tumoribus 2. ad Glanc Hippoc. lib. de vâ—ln cap. Gal. lib. de tumor praeier naturam The cause of a beating paine in a Phlegmon Comm. ad Aph. 21. sect 7. Another kinde of Pulsation in a phlegmon The primitive causes of a Plegmon The Antecedent and conjunct The signes of a Phlegmon Gal. l. de Tum What kinde of diet must be prescribed in a Plegmon How to divert the defluxion of humors The paine must be asswaged When we must use repercussives What locall medicines we must use in the encrease What in the state What in the declination The correction of the accidents The discommodities of paine Medicines aswaging paine Narcoticke medicineâ— The signes of a Phlegmon turning to an Abscesse Lib. 〈◊〉 ad Glauâ— Cap. 7. Suppurative medicines The signes of pâ—… or matter Hip. lib. de Fistulâ— What the cure must be after the opening of the Abscesse Detersive Medicines Vngâ—entum de Appiâ— The â—eaver of a Phlegmon What a Feaver is What an Ephemera or Diarye is The causes thereof Aphorism 55. lib. 4. The signes of a Diarie Why in a Diarye the vrines like to these in health The unputride Synochus The cure of a Diary feaver The use of wine in a Diarye How a putride Synochus is caused Phlebotomy necessary in a putride Sâ—â—â—chuâ— What benefit we may reape by drawing blood even to fainting Why we must give a clyster presently after bloods letting What Syrupes profitable in this case Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much blood When drinking of water is to be permitted in a putride Synochus The definition of an Erysipelas Gal. Cap. 2. lib. 14 Meth. med 2. ad Glau. Two kinds of Erysipelas Gal. lib. 2. ad Glaue Hip. Apho. 79 Sect. 7. Aph. 25 Sect. 6. Aph. 43. Sect. 3. Gal 〈◊〉 Method 4 Things to be performed in curing an Erysipelas In what Erysipelas it is convenient to let blood in what not What topicke medicines are fit to be used it the beginning of an Erysipelas What caution must be had in the use of narcoticke medicines Resolving and strengthening medicines What a Herpes is what be the kinds there of Gal. 2. ad Glauronem What the Herpes miltaris is What the exedens Three intentions in curing Herpes A rule for healing ulcers conjoined with tumors The force of Vnguentum enulatum cum Mrcurâ—â— Medicines fit for restraining eating and spreading ulcers A vulgar description of an intermitting Tertian feaver The causes of Tertian feavers The signes of an intermitting Tertian The Symptomes Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit The Diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a certain may use wine The time of feeding the patient When to purge the patient When the time is fit to use a Bath What kinds of evacuations 〈◊〉 most fit in a Tertian Sudorifickâ— When blood must be lot Aphor. 29. Sect. 2. Gal. lib. de tumo praeter naturs What an Oedema is The differentces of Oedemas By how many waies Phlegme becomes not naturall The Causes The signes The prognosticks How Oedemas are terminated The intentions of curing Oedema's The diet Exercise What to be observed in the use of venery 6. Epid. sect 5â— sen 23. Lib. 2. ad Glaus cap. 3. A rovvler What caution to be had in application of Emplaisters In what places flatulencies may be gathered In what flatulent tumors differ from a true Oedema The causes of flatulent Tumors The signes of such Tumors Diet. Thingâ— strengthning the parts Medicines evacuating the conjunct matter Galensâ—omentation â—omentation Corrobotating medicines The signes of a waterâ—â—h Tumor Why a wateterish tumor must be opened with an instrument A History In what an Atheroma Steatoma and Meliceris differ Of Chirurgâ—ry to be used to these Tumors What the cause may be that vvee sometimes sinde infectae in these Tumors What the Testudo or Talparia is What the Nata is What a Gandula What Nodus What a Glanglion is The causes Signes Their cure at the beginning Plates of lead rubbed with Quick-silver A resolving plaister Things to wast or consume the bag The manner to take away Wenâ— A History What Wens to be cured by ligature Which dangerous to cure A History The matter of a Wen is sometimes taken for a Cancer Another History How you may know a Wen from a Cancer What a Ganglion properly so called is The causes What Ganglia may not be cured with iron Instruments What the Scrophulae or Kings-Evill is Their materiall cause How they differ from other glanduleus tumors Their cure by diet Emollient and resolving medicines Seppuratives A note to be observed in opening Scropulous tumors Naturall heats the cause of suppuration The Chirurgicall manner of cuting Scrophulae How an intermitting Quotidian haopens upon oedematous tumors The cause of a Quotidian â—ea The Signes How children come to be subject to Quotidian feavers How phlegmaticke humors happen to be generated by hot and dry meats The Symptomes of quptidians The manner of the pulse and heate in a Quotidian Criticall sweats The urine Why Quodidiansare oft times long In to what diseases a quartaine usually changes How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian Diet. When the use of spiced and salted
great quantity of matter and Pus flowed forth of his eares mouth and nose then hee was eased of all his symptomes and recovered his health Now for the second Galen affirmes that he saw a Boy in Smirna of Ionia that recovered of a great wound of the braine but yet such an one as did not penetrate to any of the ventricles But Guido of Caulias saith he saw one which lived and recovered after a great portion of the braine fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the yeare of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgion to the Marshall of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoites received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregnia with a fracture and so great an effracture of the bone that the quantity of halfe a hasell Nut of the braine came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to bee deadly a Physition which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the braine but a certaine fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen convinced the pertinacie of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the scull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animall spirits and the heate of vapours rising thither from all the body they doe not suffer fat to concreate about them But with experience for that in the dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swimme on the top of water but this substance as marrowie cast into the water presently sunke to the bottome Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquide and melts but this substance being layd upon a hot Iron became dry shrunke up and contracted it selfe like a peece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgement was right of that substance that came forth of the scull Yet though it was cut away Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deafe all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the wounds of the face HAving treated of the wonnds of the head by their causes signes and cure it followes that we now speake of the wounds of the face if but for this that when they are carelessely handled they leave deformed scarres in the most specious and beautifull part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the scull that is externall But this may bee added to the kindes and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the eare eye nose lippe may bee cut away by a wound but not so in the head or scull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye browes wee will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefely to bee observed in wounds of the eye-browes that they are oft times cut so overtwhart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which moove and lift them up are wholy rent and torne In which case the eye liddes cannot be opened and the eyes remaine covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the patient would looke upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which insirmity I have seene many troubled yet oft times not so much by the violence of the wound as by the unskilfulnesse of the Chirurgion who cured them that is by the negligent application of boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit suture In this case the skilfull Chirurgion which is called to the patient shall cut off as much of the skinne and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eyelids that so they may by their owne strength holde and keepe open without the helpe of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall poure thereon some of the balsome of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts R Olei rosar â„¥ ss album oâ—â—r nu ij anÊ’j agitentur simul fiat medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast degratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacalcitheos or some other like untill the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unlesse they either bee associated with some maligne symptomes or the patient body be repleate with ill humors There sometimes happens a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-browes that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the patient is forc'd to sleepe with his eyes open wherefore those which are so aflected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalâ—i The cause of this affect is often internall as a carbuncle or other kinde of abscesse as a blow or stroake It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-liddes but so that the extreames of the semicircle bend downewards that they may be pressed downe and ioyned as much as is needefull to amend the stifnesse of the eye-lidde But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must bee performed as is fit CHAP. XXIIII Of the wounds of the eyes WOunds of the eyes are made by the violence of things prickings cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must alwayes be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of the cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth as soone as you can lifting and turning up the eyelid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discerne this moate or little body then put three or foure seedes of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained eye For these seedes are thought to have a faculty to clense the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deepe in nor doe too stubbornely adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following instrument for heerewith wee open the eye-lids the further putting it betweene them and the eye and also keepe the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets wee may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The deliniation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the eye-lids and keepe the eye steddy it is so made that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatnesse of the eyes All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the straines of a dozen egges let them be beaten
that it sucketh will be worse and more depraved than otherwise it would bee by reason that the more laudable bloud after the conception remaineth about the wombe for the nutriment and increasing of the infant in the wombe and the more impure bloud goeth into the dugges which breedeth impure or uncleane milke but to the conceived childe because it will cause it to have scarcity of foode for so much as the sucking childe sucketh so much the child conceived in the wombe wanteth Also shee ought to have a broad breast and her dugges indifferently bigge not slacke or hanging but of a middle consistence betweene soft and hard for such dugges will concoct the bloud into milke the better because that in firme flesh the heate is more strong and compact You may by touching try whether the flesh bee solid and firme as also by the dispersing of the veines easily to bee seene by reason of their swelling and blewnesse through the dugges as it were into many streams or little rivelers for in flesh that is loose and slacke they lie hidden Those dugges that are of a competent bignesse receive or containe no more milke than is sufficient to nourish the infant In those dugges that are great and hard the milke is as it were suffocated stopped or bound in so that the childe in sucking can scarce draw it out and moreover if the dugges bee hard the childe putting his mouth to the breast may strike his nose against it and so hurt it whereby hee may either refuse to sucke or if hee doth proceede to sucke by continuall sucking and placing of his nose on the hard breast it may become flat and the nostrils turned upwards to his great deformity when hee shall come to age If the teates or nipples of the dugges doe stand somewhat low or depressed inwards on the toppes of the dugges the childe can hardly take them betweene its lippes therefore his sucking will bee very laborious If the nipples or teats bee very bigge they will so fill all his mouth that he cannot well use his tongue in sucking or in swallowing the milke Wee may judge of or know the nature and condition of the milke by the quantity quality colour savour and taste when the quantity of the milke is so little that it will not suffice to nourish the infant it cannot bee good and laudable for it argueth some distemperature either of the whole body or at least of the dugges especially a hot and dry distemperature But when it super-aboundeth and is more than the infant can spend it exhausteth the juice of the nurses body and when it cannot all bee drawne out by the infant it cluttereth and congealeth or corrupteth in the dugges Yet I would rather wish it to abound than to bee defective for the super-abounding quantity may bee pressed out before the child be set to the breast That milke that is of a meane consistence betweene thicke and thinne is esteemed to bee the best For it betokeneth the strength and vigour of the faculty that ingendereth it in the breasts Therefore if one droppe of the milke bee layd on the naile of ones thumbe being first made very cleane and faire if the thumbe bee not moved and it runne off the naile it signifieth that it is watery milke but if it sticke to the naile although the end of the thumbe bee bowed downewards it sheweth that it is too grosse and thicke but if it remaine on the naile so long as you hold it upright and fall from it when you hold it a little aside or downewards by little and little it sheweth it is very good milke And that which is exquisitely white is best of all For the milke is no other thing than bloud made white Therefore if it bee of any other colour it argueth a default in the bloud so that if it bee browne it betokeneth melancholy bloud if it be yellow it signifieth cholericke bloud if it bee wanne and pale it betokeneth phlegmaticke bloud if it bee somewhat hat red it argueth the weakenesse of the faculty that engendreth the milke It ought to be sweet fragrant and pleasant in smell for if it strike into the nostrills with a certaine sharpenesse as for the most part the milke of women that have red haire and little freckles on their faces doth it prognosticates a hot and cholerick nature if with a certaine sowernesse it portendeth a cold and melancholy nature In taste it ought to be sweet and as it were sugred for the bitter saltish sharp and stipticke is naught And here I cannot but admire the providence of nature which hath caused the blood wherewith the childe should be nourished to be turned into milke which unlesse it were so who is he that would not turne his face from and abhorre so grievous and terrible a spectacle of the childes mouth so imbrued and besmeared with blood What mother or nurse would not be astonished or amazed at every moment with the feare of the blood so often shedde out or sucked by the infant for his nourishment Moreover we should want two helps of sustentation that is to say butter and cheese Neither ought the childe to bee permitted to sucke within five or sixe dayes after it is borne both for the reason before alledged and also because he hath need of so much time to rest quiet and ease himselfe after the paines hee hath sustained in his birth in the meane season the mother must have her breasts drawne by some maide that drinketh no wine or else she may sucke or draw them her selfe with an artificiall instrument which I will describe hereafter That nurse that hath borne a man childe is to be preferred before another because her milke is the better concocted the heate of the male childe doubling the mothers heate And moreover the women that are great with childe of a male childe are better coloured and in better strength and better able to doe any thing all the time of their greatnesse which proveth the same and moreover the blood is more laudable and the milke better Furthermore it behoveth the Nurse to bee brought on bed or to travell at her just and prefixed or naturall time for when the childe is born before his time of some inward cause it argueth that there is some default lurking and hidden in the body and humours thereof CHAP. XXII What diet the Nurse ought to use and in what situation shee ought to place the infant in the cradle BOth in eating drinking sleeping watching exercising and resting the nurses diet must be divers according as the nature of the childe both in habit and temperature shall be as for example if the childe bee altogether of a more hot blood the nurse both in feeding and ordering her selfe ought to follow a cooling diet In generall let her eat meates of good juice moderate in quantity and quality let her live in a pure and cleere aire let her abstaine
from all spices and all salted and spiced meats and all sharpe things wine especially that which is not allayed or mixed with water and carnall copulation with a man let her avoyd all perturbations of the minde but anger especially let her use moderate exercise unlesse it be the exercise of her armes and upper parts rather than the legges and lower parts whereby the greater attraction of the blood that must be turned into milke may bee made towards the dugges Let her place her childe so in the cradle that his head may be higher than all the body that so the excrementall humours may bee the better sent from the braine unto the passages that are beneath it Let her swathe it so as the neck and all the back-bone may be straight and equall As long as the childe sucketh and is not fed with stronger meat it is better to lay him alway on his backe than any other way for the backe is as it were the Keele in a ship the ground-worke and foundation of all the whole body whereon the infant may safely and easily rest But if hee lye on the side it were danger lest that the bones of the ribs being soft and tender not strong enough and united with slacke bands should bow under the waight of the rest and so waxe crooked whereby the infant might become crooke-backed But when he beginneth to breed teeth and to bee fed with more strong meat and also the bones and connexions of them begin to waxe more firme and hard hee must bee layed one while on this side another while on that and now and then also on his backe And the more hee groweth the more let him be accustomed to lye on his sides and as hee lieth in the cradle let him bee turned unto that place whereat the light commeth in lest that otherwise he might become poore-blind for the eye of its owne nature is bright and light-some and therefore alwaies desireth the light and abhorreth darkenesse for all things are most delighted with their like and shunne their contraries Therefore unlesse the light come directly into the childes face he turneth himselfe every way being very sorrowfull and striveth to turne his head and eyes that hee may have the light and that often turning and rowling of his eyes at length groweth into a custome that cannot bee left and so it commeth to passe that the infant doth either become poore-blind if hee set his eyes stedfastly on one thing or else his eyes doe become trembling alwaies turning and unstable if hee cast his eyes on many things that are round about him which is the reason that nurses being taught by experience cause over the head of the childe lying in the cradle an arch or vault of wickers covered with cloath to be made thereby to restraine direct and establish the uncertaine and wandering motions of the childes eyes If the nurse be squint-eyed she cannot look upon the childe but side-waies whereof it commeth to passe that the childe being moist tender flexible and prone to any thing with his body and so likewise with his eye by a long and daily custome unto his nurses sight doth soone take the like custome to looke after that sort also which afterwards he cannot leave or alter For those evill things that we learn in our youth do stick firmly by us but the good qualities are easily changed into worse In the eies of those that are squint-eyed those two muscles which do draw the eyes to the greater or lesser corner are chiefly or more frequently moved Therefore either of these being confirmed in their turning aside by long use as the exercise of their proper office encreaseth the strength soone overcomes the contrary or withstanding muscles called the Antagonists and brings them into their subjection so that will they nill they they bring the eye unto this or that corner as they list So children become left-handed when they permit their right hand to languish with idlenesse and sluggishnesse and strengthen their left hand with continuall use and motion to do every action therewithall and so bring by the exercise thereof more nutriment unto that part But if men as some affirme being of ripe yeers and in their full growth by daily society and company of those that are lame and halt doe also halt not minding so to doe but it commeth against their wills and when they thinke nothing thereof why should not the like happen in children whose soft and tender substance is as flexible and pliant as waxe unto every impression Moreover children as they become lame and crook-backt so doe they also become squint-eyed by the hereditary default of their parents CHAP. XXIII How to make pappe for children PAppe is a most meet foode or meat for children because they require moist nourishment and it must bee answerable in thickenesse to the milke that so it may not be difficult to be concocted or digested For pap hath these three conditions so that it be made with wheaten flower and that not crude but boiled let it be put into a new earthen pot or pipkin and so set into an oven at the time when bread is set thereinto to bee baked and let it remaine there untill the bread bee baked and drawne out for when it is so baked it is lesse clammy and crude Those that mixe the meale crude with the milke are constrained to abide one of these discommodities or other either to give the meale grosse clammy unto the child if that the pap be onely first boiled over the fire in a pipkin or skillet so long as shall bee necessary for the milke hence come obstructions in the mesaraike veines and in the small veines of the liver fretting and wormes in the guts and the stone in the reines Or else they give the child the milk despoiled of its butterish and whayish portion and the terrestriall and cheeselike or curdlike remaining if the pap be boiled so long as is necessary for the meale for the milke requireth not so great neither can it suffer so long boyling as the meale Those that doe use crude meale and have no hurt by it are greatly bound to nature for so great a benefit But Galen willeth children to bee nourished onely with the nurses milke so long as the nurse hath enough to nourish and feed it And truely there are many children that are contented with milke only and will receive no pappe untill they are three moneths old If the child at any time bee costive and cannot voide the excrements let him have a cataplasme made with one dramme of Aloes of white and blacke Hellebore of each fifteene graines being all incorporated in as much of an oxe gall as is sufficient and extended or spread on cotton like unto a pultis as broad as the palme of ones hand and so apply it upon the navell warme moreover this cataplasme hath also vertue to kill the wormes in the belly