bottom the ends of two of the branches must turn up the ends also of two must turn down upon these foure branches fasten a light cord with seuerall images set upon it Rarifie the ayre thē by laying a red-hot iron upon the top of the brasse or tin vessell and it will turn the wheele about so that you would think the images to bee living creatures Another way FIrst prepare a round peece of wood hauing a brasse box in the midst such as they make to hang the mariners compasse with but a good deale bigger round about this peece of wood fasten divers shreds of thin lattin standing obliquely or ascew as the figure doth represent round about these fasten a coffin of thin pastbord cut into seuerall formes of fishes birds beasts or what you please Prepare a lantern with oyled parchment sufficient to conteine it in the midst of whose bottom must bee erected a spindle with a narrow point to hang the pastbord cut into formes upon upon each side let there be a socket for to set a candle in also let there bee made a doore in the bottom to put the candles in at and after to be shut and it is done If you set two candles in the sockets the heat of them will turne the whole pastbord of formes round Amongst all the experiments pneumaticall there is none more excellent than this of the Weather-glasse wherefore I haue laboured to describe the making thereof as plainly as it possibly might be What the Weather-glasse is A Weather-glasse is a structure of at the least two glasses sometimes of three foure or more as occasion serueth inclosing a quantity of water and a portion of ayre proportionable by whose condensation or rarifaction the included water is subject unto a continuall motion either upward or downward by which motion of the water is commonly foreshewn the state change and alteration of the weather For I speak no more than what mine experience hath made me bold to affirme you may the time of the yeere and the following obseruations understandingly considered bee able certainly to foretell the alteration or uncertainty of the weather a good many houres before it come to passe Of the severall sorts and fashions of Weather-glasses THere are diuers seuerall fashions of Weather-glasses but principally two 1 The Circular glasse 2 The Perpendicular glasse The Perpendiculars are either single double or treble The single Perpendiculars are of two sorts either fixt or moueable The fixt are of contrary qualities either such whose included water doth moue upward with cold and downward with heat or else upward with heat and downward with cold In the double and treble Perpendiculars as the water ascendeth in one it descendeth as much or more in the other In the moueable Perpendicular the glasse being artificially hanged moueth up and down with the water How to make the water I Must confesse that any water that is not subiect unto putrifaction or freezing would serue the turne but Art hath taught to make such a water as may bee both an ornament to the work and also delectable to the eye Take two ounces of vardigrease in powder and infuse it so long in a pint of white wine vineger untill it hath a very green colour then poure out the vineger gently from the vardigrease take also a pint and a halfe of purifide May-dew and put therein 6 ounces of Roman vitreoll in grosse powder let it stand till the vitreoll bee throughly dissolved then mix this with the former water and strain them through a cap paper and put it into a cleane glasse well stopped and ' its ready for use Another TAke a gallon of rayn water that hath setled infuse therein a day and a night 4 pound of quick lyme stir it about with a cleane stick oftentimes in the day in the morning poure the cleere water off from the lyme into a brasse pan and adde thereto 3 pound of sal armoniack let it stand fiue or six houres afterwards stir it about untill it be of a perfect blew colour then straine it through a browne paper rowled within a tunnell and reserue it for your use This water is not so good for use as the former How to make the Circular glasse FIrst you must prepare two glasses the fashion whereof let be like unto the figures marked with the letters A B and C D. The glasse C D is open at both the ends also in the middle there is a neck comming up of sufficient widenesse to receiue the shank end of the glasse marked with the letters A B. Then fill the glasse C D a third part with either of the waters and diuide the glasse into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees rarifie the ayre in the head of the glasse A B by holding it to the fire which being yet warme reuerse the shank of it into the neck of the glasse C D. Note that if the water do not ascend high enough you must take the glasse A B out againe and heat it hotter if it ascend too high heat it not so hot If it be in the dog-dayes and extreme heat of summer 1 and 2 are good degrees if the weather be most temperate then 3 and 4 are best if a frost 9 or 10. When you haue hit an indifferent degree lute the joynts very close and fasten a ribben unto the top of the glasse to hang it by In this glasse the water will with cold ascend the glasse A B with heat it will descend the glasse A B and ascend the hornes of the glasse C D. How to make the single perpendicular glasse whose water ascendeth with cold and descendeth with heat PRepare two glasses after the fashion of these figures underset F G I I. Alwayes chuse those upper glasses that haue the least heads else they will draw the water too fast and presse it too low also let not the shank of the glasse bee too wide it is no matter to bee curious in chusing the lower glasse Hauing prouided both these glasses make a frame for them about one inch longer than the shank of the glasse F G hauing a hole at the top to put the same thorow There ought to be a great deale of care had in making the frame so that the foot thereof may bee of a greater compasse than the top to the end that it may stand firm and not be subject to be turned down which will distemper the whole work After you have provided the frame proceed to the making of it after this manner Put both the glasses into the frame and then divide the shank of the glasse F G into so many equall parts as you would haue it haue degrees write figures upon paper and paste them on with gum tragagant dissolued in faire water then fill the bottom glasse 2 thirds with the water and rarifie the ayre in the glasse F G so often untill you haue hit such a degree as is most fitting for the temper
all middle sized Rockets TAke of gunpowder one pound two ounces of charcoales mingle them A Composition for Rockets of five or six ounces TAke of gunpowder two pound fiue ounces of saltpeter halfe a pound of charcoale six ounces of brimstone and yron scales of each two ounces mingle them A Composition for Rockets of ten or twelve ounces TAke of gunpowder one pound and one ounce saltpeter fowre ounces brimstone three ounces and a halfe charcoale one ounce mingle them A Composition for Rockets of one pound or two TAke of saltpeter twelue ounces gunpowder twenty ounces and charcoale three ounces quicke brimstone and scales of yron of each one ounce mingle them A Composition for Rockets of eight nine and tenne pounds TAke saltpeter eight pounds charcoale two pounds twelue ounces brimstone one pound fowre ounces Note that no practitioner how exact soeuer ought to relie upon a receipt but first to trie one rocket and if that be too weake adde more gunpowder if it be too strong let him adde more charcoale untill hee finde them flie according unto his desire Note that the charcoale is only to mitigate the violence of the powder and to make the tayle of the rocket appeare more beautifull Note also that the smaller the rockets be they need the quicker receipts and that in great rockets there needeth not any gunpowder at all The Composition for middle sized Rockets may serve for Serpents and for rayning fire or else the receipt for Rockets on the ground which followeth heereafter Compositions for Starres TAke saltpeter one pound brimstone halfe a pound gunpowder fowre ounces this must be bound up in paper or little ragges and afterwards primed Another receipt for Starres TAke of saltpeter one pound gunpowder and brimston of each halfe a pound these must be mixed together and of them make a paste with a sufficient quantity of oile of peter or else of fayre water of this paste you shall make little balles and roll them in drie gunpowder dust then drie them and keepe them for your occasions Another Take a quarter of a pinte of aqua vitae and dissolue therein one ounce and a halfe of camphire and dip therin cotten bumbast and afterwards roule it up into little balles afterwards rowle them in powder of quick brimstone and reserue them for use Another receipt for Starres whereof you may make fiends and divers apparitions according unto your fancie Take gum dragant put it into an yron pan and rost it in the embers then powder it and dissolve it afterwards in aqua vitae and it will become a jellie then straine it dissolve also camphire in other aqua vitae Mixe both these dissolutions together and sprinkle therein this following powder Take saltpeter one pound brimstone halfe a pound gunpowder three pound charcoale halfe a pound when you have mingled and stirred them well together mixe them well with the aforesayd jelly and then make it into little balles or into what fashion else you please then cool them in gunpowder dust and keepe them for use Compositions for receipts of fireworkes that operate upon the earth FOr Rockets there needeth onely gunpowder finely beaten and searced Likewise for all the other sorts searced gunpowder will serue which may be abated or alayed with charcoal dust at your pleasure Compositions for fireworkes that burne upon or in the water A Receipt for Rockets that burne upon the water TAke of saltpeter one pound brimstone halfe a pound gunpowder halfe a pound charcoales two ounces This composition will make the Rockets appeare with a great fiery tayle If you desire to have it burne cleare then take of saltpeter one pound three ounces of gunnepowder brimstone halfe a pound A Receipt of a composition that will burne and feed upon the water TAke masticke halfe a pound white Frankincense gum sandrake quickelime brimstone bitumen camphire and gunpowder of each one pound and a halfe rosin one pound saltpeter fowre pounds and a halfe mixe them all together A Receipt of a composition that will burne under water Take brimstone one pound gunpowder nine ounces refined saltpeter one pound and a halfe camphire beaten with Sulphur and Quicksilver mixe them well together with oyle of peter or linseed oyle boyled untill it will scald a feather Fill a canvas ball with this composition arme it and ballast it with lead at the bottome make the vent at the top fire it well and cast it into the water and it will fume and boyle up slowly A Receipt of a Composition that will kindle with the water Take of oyle of Tile one pound Linseed oyle three pounds oyle of the yelks of egges one pound new quick lime eight pounds brimstone two pounds camphire fowr ounces bitumen two ounces mingle all together Another Take of Roch peter one pound flowre of brimstone nine ounces coales of rotten wood six ounces camphire one ounce and a halfe oyle of egges and oyle of Tile enough to make the mixture into a paste If you make a little hole in the top of an egge and let out all the meat and fill the shell with the following powder and stop the hole with wax and cast it into a running water it will break out into a fire Take of salt-niter brimstone and quick-lyme of each a like quantity mix them How to make stouple or prepare cotten-week to prime your fire-works with Take cotten-week such as the Chandlers use for candles double it six or seuen times double and wet it throughly in saltpeter water or aqua vitae wherein some camphire hath been dissolued or for want of either in faire water cut it into diuers peeces rowle it in mealed gunpowder or powder and suphur then dry them in the Sun and reserue them in a box where they may lie straight to prime Starres Rockets or any other fire-works How to know the true time that any quantity of fired Gun-match that shall doe an exployt at a time desired TAke common gun-match rub or beat the same a little against a post to soften it then either dip the same in salt peter water and drie it againe in the Sunne or eâ—se rub it in a little powder and brimstone beaten very small and made liquid with a little aqua vitae and dried afterwards trie first how long one yard of match thus prepared will burne which suppose to be a quarter of an howr then fowre yards will be a iust howre Take therefore as much of this match as will burne so long as you will haue it to be ere your worke should fire binde the one end unto your worke lay loose powder under and about it lay the rest of the match in hollow or turning so that one part of it touch not another and then fire it A Water called Aqua Ardens TAke old red wine put it into a glased vessell and put into it of orpment one pound quicke sulphur halfe a pound quicke lime a quarter of a pound mingle them very well and afterwards
water over the embers and skim the same very cleane and let it seeth a little while then worke with the same keeping it still over the fire With this glew you may fasten peeces of glasse together To make Iron have the colour of Brasse FIrst polish it well rub it after with aqua sortis wherin the filings of brasse are dissolved the like may bee done with Roman vitrioll dissolved in vineger and faire water of each a like quantity To make wood or bone red for ever TAke the powder of Brazill mingle it well with milke but so that it be very red and put therein either wood or bone letting it lye in eight dayes and it will looke red for ever How with one Candle to make as great a light as otherwise of two or three of tbe same bignesse CAuse a round and double glasse to be made of a large size and in fashion like a globe but with a great round hole in the top and in the concave part of the uppermost glasse place a candle in a loose socket and at the same hole or pipe which must be made at the side thereof fill the same with spirit of wine or some other cleere distilled water that will not putrifie and this one candle will give a great and wonderfull light somewhat resembling the sunne beames A Cement for broken Glasses BEate the whitest Fish glew with a hammer till it begin to waxe cleere then cut the same into very small pieces suffering the same to dissolve on a gentle fire in a leaded pan with a few drops of aqua vitae then let some other that standeth by hold both the pieces that are to bee cemented over a chafingdish of coles till they be warme and during their heat lay on the dissolved glew with a fine pensill then binde the glasse with wyre or threed and let it rest till it be cold An admirable secret of representing the very forme of Plants by their ashes phiâ—osophically prepared spoken of by Quertitanus and Angelus salae TAke saith hee the salt both the fixed and the volatill also Take the very spirit and the phlegme of any herbe but let them all be rightly prepared dissolve them and coagulate them upon which if you put the water stilled from May dew or else the proper water of the herbe you would have appear close them all very well in a glasse for the purpose and by the heat of embers or the naturall heat of ones body at the bottome of the glasse the very forme and Idaea thereof will be represented which will suddenly vanish away the heat being withdrawne from the bottome of the glasse As I will not argue the impossibility of this experiment so I would be loth to employ mine endeavours untill I were expert therein A device to bend glasse Canes or make any small worke in Glasse LEt there be a vessell of Copper about the bignesse of a common Foot-ball as A let it have a long Pipe at the top as C. which must be made so that you may upon occasion screw on lesser or bigger vents made for the purpose Fill this one third part with water and set it over a fornace of coals as F G H I and when the water beginneth to heat there will come a strong breath out of the nose of the vessell that will force the flame of a lampe placed at a convenient distance as K if you hold your glasse in the extention of the flame it will melt suddenly so you may worke what you will thereof There are that instead of this globe make use of a Pipe as A fastned in a sticke as F of which I have made use but hold it not so convenient for those that are not accustomed thereunto An excelleut Water for any Morphue or scurvinesse in the Face TAke of quicke Sulphur 2. ounces blacke Sope the rankest and illest favoured that can bee got binde them up in a cloth and hang them in a pint of the strongest wine vineger for the space of nine dayes herewith wash the Morphue in the Face or elsewhere and let it dry in of it selfe This Water will for the present staine the face with a yelow collour which will weare away in time How to soften Iron TAke of Allum sal Armoniacke Tartar a like quantitie of either put them into good vineger and set them on the fire heat your Iron and quench it therein A good Cement for broken glasses TAke raw silke and beat it with glasse and mixe them together with the whites of Egges Another TAke of calcined flints quicke lyme and common salt of each a like quantity mingle them all together with the whites of Egges then take a linnen cloth and spread it over with this mixture and put it upon the fracture and let it dry afterwards annoint it with Linseed oyle How to cause that the same quantitie both of powder and shot discharged out of the same peece shall carry closer or more scattering TAke the quantitie of a pease of Opium and charge it amongst the shot and this will make the shot to flie closer together then otherwise it would This I had of a Sea-man who had made triall hereof as he said and unto whom I sold some for the same purpose A Baite to catch Fish with TAke Cocculus Indiae â„¥ ss Henbane-seeds and wheaten flower of each a quarter of an ounce hive honey as much as will make them into paste Where you see most store of Fish in the River cast of this paste into it in divers little bits about the bignesse of barley cornes and anon you shall see the fish swimme on the top of the water some reeling to and fro as drunken others with their bellies upwards as if they were nigh dead so that you may take them either with your hands or a small net at the end of a sticke made for the same use Note here that if you put the Fish that you thus take into a bucket of faire and fresh water or if it raine after that you have cast this your bait into the water they will revive and come to themselves to your admiration and this was told me by a Gentleman of good credit that hath often made use thereof I have heard that the stinking oyle drawne out of the roots of Polipody of the oake by a retort mixed with Turpentine and hive-honey and being anointed upon the bait will draw the fish mightily thereto and make them bite the faster and I my selfe have seene fishes as Roches and taken in the dead time of Winter with an angle bayted onely with paste made of Wheaten flowre but it hath beene in the morning and when the Sunne hath shined How to write without inke that it may not be seene unlesse the paper be wet with water TAke some Vitriol and powder it finely and temper it with faire water in any thing that is cleane when it is dissolved you may write whatsoever you will with it and it
powder of calcined flints of each â„¥ vj. these powders must bee tempered with a Lixivium that is made with quick lyme and wine adde unto the whole a little salt then make thereof what you list then boyle them in linseed oyle How to make Pearles of Chalk TAke some Chalk and put it into the fire there let it lie untill it break temper it then with the whites of egs Then make of it divers fashions of Pearles both great and small wet them being dried and cover them with leafe gold and they are done An approved and excellent plaster for ach in the raines of the back or in any other part whatsoever TAke one pound of black Sope and foure ounces of frankincense and a pinte of white wine vineger boyle all together upon a gentle fire untill it be thick spread it then upon a lether and apply it unto the grieved place If the ach bee very great and fervent then adde unto it a little aqua vitae and it will be much better An excellent oyntment for the Shingles Morphew Tetters and Ringwormes TAke a quarter of a pound of sope and mingle with it two drams of the powder of black Ellebor litharge of silver in fine powder two ounces vardigrease halfe an ounce and a quarter of an ounce of glasse in powder and as much quicksilver make them all into an oyntment by stirring them well together wherewith anyont the grieved parts This is approved and true An excellent Balme or water for grievous sore eyes which commeth either of outward accident or of any inward cause TAke two spoonfuls of the juyce of Fennell and one spoonfull and a halfe of the juyce of Celandine and twice as much hony as them both then boyle them a little upon a chafingdish of coales and scum away the dregs which will ascend but first let it coole somwhat and then let it run through a fayre cleane cloth then put it into a violl of glasse and stop it close Put a little quantity of this into the eye This medicine is approved and more precious than gold A speedy way to asswage the paine of any scald or burne though never so great and to take the fire out of it TAke old lawn rags dip them into Runnet for want of it dip them into verges and apply them cold upon the grieved place shifting them for halfe an houre together as oft as they dry this I have known to give ease in an instant and quickly to take out the fire An approved oyle for to heale any burne or scald TAke of housleek one handfull and of brooklime as much boyle them in a quart of creame untill it turne unto an oyle boyle it very gently with this oyle a little warmed anoint the grieved place twice a day and it will soone make it well An oyntment very excellent and often proued for the same TAke a good quantity of mosse scraped from off a stone wall fry it in a fryingpan with a call of mutton suet a good while then straine it and it is done Dresse the grieved part therewith once or twice a day as you shall see fitting Another oyntment for a burne TAke one part of sallet-oyle and two parts of the whites of egs beat them together exceeding well untill they come to be a white oyntment wherein dip the feather of a black hen and anoynt the grieved place divers times every day untill such time as the scales fall off using in the meane while neither clothes nor any outward binding This sayth Minshet the authour though it seeme to be a thing of no estimation yet was there never found any more effectuall for a burn than it is An excellent oyntment for a green wound TAke foure handfuls of Clownes Allheale bruse it and put it into a pan and put to it foure ounces of barrowes grease sallet-oyle halfe a pound Bees wax a quarter of a pound boyle them all untill the iuyce be wasted then straine it and set it over the fire againe and put unto it two ounces of Turpentine then boyle it a little while more and it is done Put hereof a little in a saucer and set it on the fire dip a tent in it and lay it on the wound but first lay another plaister round about the wound made of diapalma mollified a little with oyle of Roses This cureth very speedily all greene wounds as saith M. Gerard. A Balsam of wonderfull efficacy TAke Burgundie pitch brimstone and white frankincense of each one ounce make them into an oyntment with the whites of egges first draw the lips of the wound or cut as close as you can then lay on some of this spread upon a cloth and swathe it ouer afterwards An excellent healing Water which will drie up any old sore or heale any greene wound TAke a quarter of a pound of Bolearmoniacke powder it by it selfe then take an ounce of Camphire powder it also by it selfe also take foure ounces of white Coppras in powder mixe the Coppras and Camphire together and put them into a melting pot and set them on the fire untill they turne unto water afterwards stirre it untill it come to be as hard as a stone then powder it againe and mixe it with the Bole-armoniacke keepe this powder close in a bladder when you would use it take one pinte and a halfe of faire water set it on the fire and when it is even ready to boyle put into it three spoonfuls of the powder then take it off from the fire and put it into a glasse and let it stand untill it be cleare at the top then take of the clearest and wash the sore very warme therewith and dip a cloth foure double in the same water and binde it fast about the sore with a rowler and keepe it warme dresse it thus twice a day A Water for a Fistula TAke one pint of white wine 1 ounce of juyce of Sage three penie weight of Borace in powder Camphire in powder the weight of foure pence boyle them all a prettie while on a gentle fire and it is done Wash the Fistula with this water for it is certainly good and approved to be true A Water for the Toothache TAke ground ivie salt and spearemint of each an handfull beat them very well together then boile them in a pint of vineger straine it and put a spoonfull of it into that side that aketh and hold downe your cheeke Another Water approved for the same TAke red rose leaves halfe a handfull Pomegranate-flowers as many two gaules sliced thinne boyle them all in three quarters of a pint of red wine and halfe a pint of faire water untill the third part be wasted then straine it and hold a little of it in your mouth a good while then spit it out and take more Also if there be any swelling on your cheeke apply the strainings betweene two clothes as hot as may be suffered This I have knowne to do good unto divers in
this Citie when as they have beene extreamely pained To make a Water for the eyes TAke Lapis Calaminaris and burne it in the fire nine times and quench it in white wine and beat it into powder and when you use it put it into rose-water and drop the water into the eye For Deafenesse TAke a good quantitie of Camomill and two handfuls of greene Wormewood and seethe them in a pot of running water till they be very well sodden and put a funnell over it and let the steame go up into the eare and then go to bed warme and stop your eare with a little blacke wooll and a grain of Civet do this morning and evening and with Gods assistance you shall finde ease An excellent Electuary for the Cough Cold or against Flegme TAke of Germander Hissope Horehound white Maidenhaire Agrimony Bettony Liverwort Lungwort and Harts-tongue of each one handfull put these to nine pints of water and let them boyle to three pints then let it coole and straine it To this juyce put of clarified honey halfe a pound fine powder of Liquorice fiue ounces fine powder of Enulacampana root three ounces boyle them to the thicknesse of an Electuary Take of this at any time but specially in the morning fasting as also at night when you go to bed or two houres after supper the quantitie of a Wallnut or Nutmeg A very excellent salve to heale well proved for any old sore or new wound TAke of Waxe Rosin Sheeps suet Turpentine of each a like quantitie Sallet oyle also as much mixe them all together and take the juyce of Smallach of Planten of Orpin of Buglosse of Comfery of each a like quantitie let them boyle untill the iuyce of the hearbes be consumed and in the seething put a quantitie of rose-Rose-water and it will be a very good Salue A soveraigne Water to heale a greene wound and to stanch bloud TAke a pottle of running water and put thereto foure ounces of Allum and one ounce of Copras and let them seethe to a quart and then straine it and keepe it in a glasse and wash the wound and wet a cloth and lay to the sore and with Gods helpe it will soone be healed For the Byting of a mad Dogge TAke brine and bathe the wound then burne Claret wine and put in a little Mithridate and so let the patient drinke it Then take two live pigeons cut them through the middle and lay them hot to his hand if he be bitten in the armes If in his legges to the sole of his feet An Oyle for any Ach. TAke a pound of unwashed butter and a handfull of red mints and a handfull of camomill a handfull of rew two ounces of oyle of Exeter stamp the herbs to a juyce and boyle them with the butter straine them in a cloth and rub them out very well this so done take the oyle of Exeter and put to them and stir them well together and put them into a gally pot and where the ach is anoint the place against the fire and lay a browne paper on it and wrap a cloth about the place and keepe it warme proved to be excellent To stanch the bleeding of a cut TAke a peece of a felt hat and burne it to a coale beat it to powder and put it in the cut and it will stanch the bleeding presently Or else apply linnen rags that in the spring of the yeere have beene often washed in the sperm of frogs and afterward dried in the Sunne For an ague to bee layd to the wrists Take a handfull of soot a spoonfull of bay salt halfe a spoonfull of pepper bruse them together and temper them with two yelks of egs spread it on a cloth and lay it to the wrists Almond milke for the cough of the lungs TAke foure spoonfuls of French barly well washed and boyle it in three wine pints of faire water unto a pint and a halfe then take it from the fire and let it coole and settle then take the cleere liquor and straine therewith a quarter of a pound of sweet almonds blanched and beaten then set it on the fire and let it boyle a while till it begin to grow thick then beat two yelks of egs and put them to it stirre them well together and put to it as much fine suger as will sweeten it and a spoonfull of damask rose water and so let it boyle a while longer till it be as thick as good creame eat of it warm twice or thrice a day but at breakfast especially For a scald head TAke a pinte of running water and as much Mercury as a good walnut three or foure branches of Rosemary boyle these all together till a third part be boyled away or thereabout and every morning and evening wash the infected place with some of this water cold and a quarter of an houre after or lesse anoint the place with lamp oyle and every morning after the first dressing try to pull up some of the hayre as easily as you can have care where you set this water for it is poyson If you shave the head and apply a plaster called Emplastrum Cephalicum cum Euphorbio it is also excellent For to heale a red face that hath many pimples Proved TAke foure ounces of barrowes grease and as much oyle of bayes halfe an ounce of quicksilver killed with fasting spettle then take two spoonfuls of wilde tansie water or honisuckle water and let all be ground in a morter three houres at the least untill you see nothing of the quicksilver and so keep it close in a glasse the older the better and when you go to bed anoint the face and look that you keep it from your eyes To wash the Face if it be given to heat TAke Snailes beat them shels and bodies together steep them a night in new milke then still them with the flowers of white Lillies To make Vsquebach TAke a gallon of the smallest Aqua vitae you can make put it into a close vessell of stone put thereto a quart of Canary Sacke two pounds of Raisons of the Sunne stoned but not washed two ounces of Dates stoned and the white skinnes of them pulled out two ounces of Cinamon grossely bruised foure good Nutmegs bruised foure good Liquorish sticks sliced and bruised tye up all your Spices in a fine linnen cloth and put them into your Aqua vitae and tye up your pot very close and let this infuse a weeke stirring it three times a day then let it runne through a jelly bagge close covered keepe it in glasse bottles To make Almond Butter TAke two pound of Almonds and blanch them and let them lye all night in cold water then grinde them in a mortar very small and put in a blade of Mace or two then straine it through a strong cloth as neare as you can that the milke be not too thin and let it seethe a prettle while then put in a little rose-Rose-water and
a little salt when you take it off the fire and stirre it still then take a bigge cloth very cleane and let two hold it then you must take the milke and cast it round about the sides of the cloth that the whay may come from it then with a saucer put it downe from the sides then knit the cloth and hang it up untill it have left dropping then take it forth and season it with fine Sugar and Rose-water To make Ielly for one that is in a Consumption or troubled with a loosenesse TAke the feet of a Calfe and when the haire is cleane scalded off slit them in the middle and cut away all the blacke veines and the fat and wash them very cleane and so put them in a bucket of faire water and let them lye foure and twentie houres and in that time the oftner you shift them in faire water it will be the better then set them on the fire in two gallons of water or somewhat lesse and let them boyle very softly continually taking off the scumme and fat which riseth and when the liquour is more then halfe boyled away put into it a pinte and a halfe of white wine and as it boyleth there will come a foule scumme upon it take it off still cleane and when the Ielly is boyled enough you may know for your fingers will sticke to the spoone then take it from the fire and with a Cullender take out all the bones and flesh and when the Ielly is almost cold beat the whites of sixe Egges and put into it and set it on the fire againe and so let it boyle till it be cleare then straine it through a cleane cloth into a Bason and so let it stand all night long the next morning put it into a skellet and put to it a pound of Sugar halfe an ounce of Cinamon broken in peeces one ounce of Nutmegs an ounce of Ginger bruised and a good quantitie of large Mace boyle all these together till it taste of the Spices as much as you desire and when it is almost cold take the whites of six egs and beat them and put into it and set it on the fire and when it riseth wilde it in halfe a pint of white wine then strain it through a jelly bag To stay the flux TAke Date stones and beat them to fine powder and take the quantity of one of them and drink it with posset drink or beere use these two or three mornings together and after as often as you finde occasion this is very good In the month of May gather of the reddest Oak leaves you can get and still them and when need requireth make pap thereof mingled with milk or fine flower suger and cinamom as oft as your stomack serveth to eat it To make green Ink. TAke greene bice and grinde it with gum water and if you will have it a sadder green put a little saffron to the grinding To make blew Ink. TAe fine flower and grinde it with a little chalk and allum and then put it in a violl For an Ague TAke a handfull of hartstong that groweth in the field and a handfull of bay salt and beat them both together in a morter and lay this to both the wrists A water good against the plangs or to be given after a surfet TAke red Sage Celendine Rosemary Hearbegrace Wormwood Mugwort Pimpernell Dragons Scabious Egrimony Rosa solis and Balme of eâ—ch a handfull or like quantity by weight wash and shake them in a cloth then shred and put them into a gallon of white wine with a quarter of an ounce of Gentian roots and as much of Angelica roots let it stand two dayes and two nights close covered and then distill it at your pleasure and stop the glasse very close in which you keep the same To avoyd urine that is stopped with the stone TAke as much black sope as a walnut temper it with eight or ten leaves of English saffron spread it upon a round leather as big as the palme of your hand and cover the navell of your belly therewithall and it shall cause you to make water For the stone and strangury TAke the filmes that is within the mawes of geese and let them bee purely dried and then make powder thereof and drink it with stale ale and it will help him with Gods grace Proved For scald heads TAke green Coperas and mingle it with creame till it bee turned yellow and let it stand three or foure dayes then take primrose roots leaves and all with May butter and beat the roots and leaves in the butter and boyle them together with a little beere and butter and let it touch no salt To cure an old Vlcer TAke a quart of the strongest Ale that is to be gotten or brewed halfe a pint of raw honey two ounces of roch allum beaten halfe a pint of Sallet oyle and the quantitie of a Tennis ball of common washing Sope one ounce of stone pitch beaten one ounce of Rosin beaten two ounces of yellow waxe boyle all these together and straine them through a thin linnen cloth and this will cure any old Vlcer A Water to cleanse and mundifie old rotten sores and ulcers TAke a wine pint of stilled water of Planten as much white wine put therein two ounces of Roch allum a dramme of Verdigrease a dramme of Mercurie sublimed boyle all these together and keepe them in a thicke glasse being stoped with waxe very close that the strength go not out this will cleanse and mundifie old sores It will also heale a Fistula if you use a siering so that the water may come to the bottome of the sore The Medicine of medicines proved for the Stone TAke a quantity of eg-shels wash them cleane those are the best whereout chickens are come dry them very dry in an oven or betweene two tile-stones then make powder thereof searce it and mingle it with sugar or powder of licoras to give it taste and let him use it as often as hee needeth morning and evening either with Rhenish wine white wine or stale ale a spoonfull of the powder at a time and use to make water in a cleane bason and so you shall see the deliverance hereof A precious water for the sight TAke Smallage Fennell Rew Verveine Egrimony Daffadill Pimpernell and Sage and still them with breast milk together with five drams of frankincense and drop of it in your eyes each night often proved For the Fluxe to stay it TAke the yolke of an Egge and beat it then mixe with it one grated Nutmegge and lay it on an hot tyle stone to bake and eate thereof fasting and before Supper and after meales and it will stay it Often proved to be excellent A good Powder for the Gout TAke fine Ginger the weight of two groats and Enula-campane-roots dryed the weight of foure groats of Liquorish the weight of eight groats of Sugar-candy three ounces beat all these into
cannot be read except you draw it through water wherein some powder of galls hath beene infused and so it will shew as blacke as if it had beene written with inke How to make white letters in a blacke Feild TAke the yelke of a new layd egge and grinde it upon a marble with faire water so as you may write with it having ground it on this wise then with a penne dipt into it draw what letters you will upon paper or parchment and when they are through drie blacke all the paper over with inke and when it is drie you may with a knife scrape all the letters of that you wrote with the yelke of the egge and they will shew faire and white How to sodder upon Silver Brasse or Iron THere are two kindes of Sodder to wit hard Sodder and soft Sodder The soft Sodder runneth sooner then the hard wherefore if a thing be to be sodered in two places which cannot at one time well be performed then the first must be sodered with hard soder and the second with soft for if the first be done with soft it will unsoder againe before the other be sodered Note that if you would not have your soder to runne over any one part of the peece to be sodered you must rub over that part with chalke that you would not have it runne upon Note likewise that your soder must be beaten thinne and then laid over the place to be sodered which must be first fitted together and bound with wyer as occasion shall require Then take Burras powder it and temper it with water like pap and lay it upon the soder and let it drie upon it by the fire Afterwards cover it with quicke coals and blow them up and you shall see your soder run immediately then presently take it out of the fire and it is done Hard Soder is thus made TAke a quarter of an ounce of silver and a three penie weight of copper melt them together and it is done Soft Soder is thus made TAke a quarter of an ounce of silver and a three penie weight of brasse melt them together and it is done How to gild Silver or Brasse with water-gold FIrst take about â„¥ ii of quicke silver put it into a little melting pot and set it over the fire and when it beginneth to smoke put into it an angel of fine gold then take it off presently for the gold will presently be dissolved in the quicke silver which if it be too thinne you may through a peece of fustian straine a part of the quicke-silver from it Note likewise that your silver or brasse before you go about to gild it must be boyled in argol and beare or water and afterwards scratcht with a wyer brush then rub the gold and quicke-silver upon it and it will cleave unto it then put your siluer or brasse upon quicke coales untill it begin to smoke then take it from the fire and scratch it with your wyer brush Do this so often till you have rubd the quicke-silver as cleane off as you can then shall you perceive the gold to appeare of a faint yellow colour which you may make to shew faire with sal armoniacke bole armoniacke and vardigrece ground together and tempered with water How to take the smoake of Tobacco through a glasse of water FIrst fill a pinte glasse with a wide mouth almost full of faire water fill also a pipe of Tobacco and put the pipe upright into the glasse of water so that the end of the pipe may almost touch the bottome of the glasse then take another crooked pipe and put it into the glasse but let the end thereof not touch the water waxe then the mouth of the glasse that no ayre may come in nor out but at the pipes then put fire unto the Tobacco and sucke with your mouth at the end of the crooked pipe and you shall see the smoake of the Tobacco penetrate the water and breake out of a bubble and so come into your mouth To colour Ivory or any other bones of an excellent greene colour TAke aqua fortis wherein dissolue as much Copper as the said water is able then let the bones that you would have coloured lye in the same all night and they will be like a Smaragdin colour Mizaldus How to make birds drunke so that you may take them with your hands TAke such meate as they loue as Wheate Barley and lay the same to steepe in the lees of Wine or else in the juyce of Hemlockes and sprinckle the same in places where Birds use to haunt A way to catch Crowes TAke the Liuer of a Beast and cut it in diuers pieces put then into each piece some of the powder of nux vomica and lay these pieces of Liuer in places where Crowes and Rauens haunt Anon after they haue eaten them you may take them with your hâ—nds for they cannot flye away How to take Crowes or Pigeons TAke white Pease and steepe them eight or nine daies in the Gall of an Oxe then cast the same where they use to haunt You may make Partridges Duckes and other birds drunke so that you may take them with your hand if you set blacke wine for them to drinke in those places whereunto they resort Another TAke Tormentill and boile it in good wine put into it Barley or other graine Sprinckle this in those places you haue appointed to take Birds in and the Birds will eate the pieces amongst the graine which will make them so drunke that they cannot flye away This should be done in the winter and when it is a deepe snow Another way to take Birds MAke a paste of barley meale onion blades and Henbane seeds set the same upon seuerall little boards or pieces of tiles or such like for the birds to eate of it How to make Brasse white for ever TAke Egge shels and burne them in a melting pot then powder them and temper them with the whites of Egges let it stand so three weekes heate your brasse red hot and put this upon it How to make Marble TAke â„¥ vj. of quicke Lime put it into a pot and poure upon it one pinte of good wine let it stand fiue or sixe dayes stirring it once or twice a day then poure off the cleare and therewith temper flint stones calcined and made into fine powder then colour it and make of it what you please and let them dry How to whiten copper TAke a thin plate of copper heat it red-hot divers times and extinguish it in common oyl of tartar and it will be white To make Saltpeter TAke quick lyme and poure warm water upon it and let it stand six dayes stirring it once or twice a day take the cleare of this and set it in the Sunne untill it bee wasted and the Saltpeter will remaine in the bottom How to make Corall TAke of red Lead ground â„¥ 1. vermilion finely ground â„¥ ss unquenched lyme and
THE MYSTERYES OF NATVRE AND ART Conteined in foure severall Tretises The first of water workes The second of FYer workes The third of Drawing Colouring Painting and Engrauing The fourth of divers Experiments as wel serviceable as delightful partly Collected and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice and Invention by J. B â—â—â—nted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by Iohn Iackson 〈◊〉 Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634. TO THE READER COurteous Reader this ensuing Treatise hath lien by mee a long time penned but in a confused and undigested manner as I gathered it practised or found it out by industry and experience It was not in my minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view but being sollicited by the intreaties of some and those not a few to impart to each particular person what his Genius most affected I was enforced as well for the satisfying of their requests as for the avoydance of many inconveniences to dispose in some order such Experiments as for the present I was content to impart Expect no elegancy of phrase for my time would not afford that nor indeed my selfe to be the transcriber I endeavored as much as I could to write in plaine termes that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the meanest capacity The whole book consisteth of foure parts The first whereof treateth of VVater-workes The second of Fire-workes The third of Drawing Painting Graving and Etching The fourth and last part treateth of severall Experiments as well serviceable as delightfull which because they are confusedly intermixed I have entituled them Extravagants Now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good I could wish a generall acceptance but that is too uncertaine to expect I will content my selfe that I am already certaine that these my first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some and I hope also with all honest and indifferent Readers as for others hap as hap may me it is not to be doubted but that I shall scape as well as many my betters have done before me Farewell Your Wellwiller J. B. To my friend the Authour upon his Mysteries of Nature and Art VVHen I scan over with a busy eye The timely fruits of thy vast industry Observing how thou searchest out the heart Of Knowledge through th' untrodden pathes of Art How easily thy active minde discries Natures obscure and hidden rarities No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde The chiefest rarity's thy active minde Which so fore-runs thy age Thy forward spring Buds forth betimes and thou art publishing Ev'n in the morning of thy day so soone What others are to learne till th' afternoone Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast To publick censure and the Dy is cast Doubt not of good successe the early rose Thou knowst is snatcht at ev'n before it blowes Climbe higher yet let thy quick-sighted eyes Venture againe for new discoveries Nor be thou mizer-like so envious As to detaine what ere thou find'st from us No make the world thy debtor be thou still As open-handed to impart thy skill As now thou art and may thy teeming braine Bring often forth such lusty Births againe R. O. Of Water-works IT hath been an old saying amongst Philosophers and experience doth prove it to be true Non datur vacuum that is to say Nature will not admit of any vacuity or emptinesse For some one or other of the Elements but especially Ayre and Water doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities or hollownesses in or upon the earth whether they are such as are formed either by Art or Nature For the one it is so obvious and manifest as that it needs not any proofe at all As for the other I shall make it manifest unto you by easie demonstration Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse or other having besides the mouth another hole though but a little one at the top poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of it and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell a winde will come forth of the little hole sufficient to blow out a candle being held over it This proveth that before the water was poured into the vessell though to our sight it appeared to bee empty it was full of ayre which forced out of the vessell as the water ran in and the reason hereof is because the water is by nature of a massie subtill substance and the ayre of a windy light evaporative nature The knowledge of this with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious Artist whatsoever The order of the things contayned in the first booke EXperiments of drawing water by the Crane Experiments of drawing water by Engins Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed Experiments of forcing water by Engins Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire Experiments of producing sounds by Engins Experiments of motions by evaporating water Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre Of VVater-workes To draw water by a Crane TAke any vessell of what bignes you please fill it with water then take a Crane that is a crooked hollow Cane one end wherof let be somewhat longer then the other put the shorter end of it into the vessell of water and let the longer end hang out of the vessell unto which longer end put your mouth and draw in your breath and the water will follow then withdraw your mouth and you shall see the water runne so long till it come equall to that end of the Cane which is within the vessell Another TAke a deepe vessell having two loopes on one of the sides fill it nigh full with water then take a hollow Cane like unto the aforesayd but let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish put the longer end heereof through the loopes on the side and that end that hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water with your mouth as you did in the former draw out the ayre and you shall see that as the water runneth out the Crane will sinke lower and lower and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty How to make a conceited pot which being filled with water will of it selfe run all out but not being filled will not run out MAke or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof having at the bottome 2 or 3 small holes let the top of this cane be close then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell and put up a little cane hollow at both ends into the other cane so that the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great cane and it is done Note that if you put into this vessel
so much liquor that it swimme above the top of the cane it will of its owne accord run and never cease so long as there is any liquor in the vessell but if you fill it below the cane it will not run at all of it selfe the reason whereof is this the ayre being the lighter element doth ascend into the higher place but being drawne as in the two first demonstrations out of the Crane or forced as in this by the weight of the water in the vessell the water then tendeth downewards unto its proper place How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot that 〈…〉 wine may runne out of the one as you shall put water into the other LEt A B C D be the foot at each end whereof place a vessell equall in bignesse the one to the other as D E also let there passe a hollow cane from the one to the other as A R A the ends wherof must almost touch the tops of the sayde vessels in the vessell D there must bee a hollow pipe as F whereby you may by help of a tunnel powr water into the vessell also in the vessell E there must be a crane as G now if you fill the vessel E with wine almost unto the top of the crane and afterwards stoppe the mouth of the vessell that the ayre may not breath foorth it will not run of it selfe but if you put water into the vessell D the ayre contayned in it will passe through the hollow pipe A R A into the vessel E where striving for a greater quantity of roome it presseth the wine out of the vessell E by the crane answerable in quantity unto the water powred into the vessell D. How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot the one being empty and the other almost full of wine and yet shall not runne out of the vessell unlesse you fill the empty vessell with water and then the one shall run pure wine the other fayre water LEt there bee 2 vessels placed upon one foot having a hollow cane passing from one to the other as I taught in the precedent probleme but let there bee 2 cranes as F G one in each vessell then fill one of the vessels with wine but not above the crane so it will not runne of it selfe but if you powre water into the other vessell untill it bee full it will cause that wine shall runne out of the one and cleare water out of the other To make that the water conteined in one vessell shal ascend into another vessell placed above it LEt A B C D bee a vessell having a partition in the middle as E F let there be placed upon this vessell a Cylinder of Glasse cleare and very transparant that will contayne the same quantity of water that one of the partitions will as I G H in the lowermost partition towards the bottome let there bee a cocke and out of the same vessell let two pipes be made to passe the one wherof reacheth almost unto the top of the Cylinder the other must come out by the side of the Cylinder also out of the upper partition there must come another pipe Moreover there must be a hole through the top of the uppermost partition as Y. Fill the lower partition at the pipe also the upper partition by the hole Y note then that if you turn the cocke as the water runneth out of the lower partition the water contained in the upper partitiō wil ascend throgh the pipe into the glasse Cylinder When all the water in the lower partition is runne out at the cocke then the water which before did ascend into the Cylinder will fall backe againe into the upper partition after this manner may you compose an artificiall water clocke if you note the howres upon the Cylinder and make the cocke after such manner as that the water may issue out but by droppes To make a cup or vessell that so oft as you take the liquor out of it so oft it shall fill it selfe but never runne over SVppose A to bee a vessell full of water having a pipe comming from the bottome and rising up into a cup of the just height that the vessell is of over the vessell fild with water let there be placed another vessel as E. From this vessell must come a pipe and reach with in the other vessell Now ouer this vessell there hangeth as it were the beame of a scale at the one ende whereof is fastened a peece of boord hauing a leather nayled upon the top at the other end of this beame must hang a weight but not full so heauie as the peece of boord lethered is Fill both these vessells with water and the cup also note then that if you sucke out the water in the cup by the pipe on the side of it the water in the vessell will come into it untill it is in both of equall height now as the water falleth downe in A the peece of boord that is hanged unto one end of the beame falleth after it because it is heauier then the weight and so giueth way unto the water in E which runneth into it and when the vessell is filled againe with water it beareth up the sayd peece of boord against the pipe of the vessell E so that the water can run out thereat no longer except the water bee againe drawne out of the cup Of drawing water by Engines BEfore I begin with these take a word or two by the way Let it bee a generall notion that no engine for water workes of what sort soeuer whether for seruice or meere pleasure can be made without the help of Succurs Forcers or Clackes euery of which I haue orderly explayned both by words and demonstratiue figures A Succur is a box which is made of brasse hauing no bottome in the middest of which there is a small bar goeth crosse the same hauing a hole in the middle of it this box hath a lid so exactly fitted unto it that being put into it no ayre nor water can passe betweene the creuise this couer hath a little button on the top and a seame that goeth into the box and so through the hole of the aforesayd crosse barre and afterwards it hath a little button riueted on it so that it may with ease slip up and downe but not be taken or slip quite out A Forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about the end that goeth into the barrell is semicircularly concaue A Clacke is a peece of Leather nayled ouer any hole hauing a peece of lead to make it lie close so that the ayre or water in any vessell may thereby bee kept from going out How to harden Leather so as the same shall last much longer in succurs of Pumps then it doth unprepared LAy such Leather as is well tanned to soake in water wherein there hath beene store of iron filings a long time or else in the water that hath lien a long time
under a grinstone into the which such yron as hath beene from time to time ground away hath fallen and there setled The making of a Pumpe to draw water SVppose A B C were a deepe Wel wherein you would make a Pumpe to draw water to the surface or superficies of the earth First therefore you must prouide a pipe of Lead or a peece of timber bored through so long as will reach unto the bottome of the Well that part that standeth in the water must bee cut with two or three arches as it were if it be wood if Leade it must haue somewhat to beare it a little from the bottome that the water may thereby bee let into the pipe Towards the bottome of the pipe in the water there must bee fastned a succur also another of these succurs must be fastned about two foot aboue the top of the ground then haue a bucket fitted unto the hole of the wood or leaden pipe let it bee well leathered about and haue a clacke at the bottome of it and let it bee hanged with a sweepe as the figure sheweth note that after you haue filled the distance betweene the lower succur and the bucket with water that if you lift up the sweepe it will thrust downe the bucket upon the water and presse it the water being pressed upon by the bucket beareth up the clacke and comes into the bucket then if you pull downe the sweepe the clacke shutteth and so the water remaynes in the bucket which being drawen upward there being nothing to follow but water both the succurs open and there commeth into the pump so much water as the buckets drew out The making of an Engin whereby you may draw water out of a deepe Well or mount any River water to be conveyed to any place within three or foure miles of the same Also it is used in great ships which I have seene SVppose A B C D to be a deepe Well and E F to be a strong peece of timber fastned athwart the same a good way in the water In this planke let there bee fastened a peece of timber with a strong wheele in it as G H hauing strong yron spikes droue athwart the wheele within the creuise and strongly riueted on each side let them be three or foure inches distant from each other Let there bee likewise made in the sayde planke two holes in which set two hollow posts that may reach to the top of the Well or so much higher as you desire to mount the water let them bee made fast that they stirre not In the bottom of one of these posts there must be fastned a barrell of brasse as G H made very smooth within and betwixt those two posts at the top let there bee fastned unto them both another peece of strong timber to hold them fast lest they start asunder and in the midst of that make a mortice and in it fasten a strong peece of timber with a wheele like to the former mentioned the pin whereof ought to bee made fast unto the wheele and haue a crooked handle to turne about that by turning of it you may turne the wheele also Then prouide a strong yron chayne of length sufficient hauing on euery third or fourth linke a peece of horne that will easily goe through the brasse barrell and a leather of each side of it but somewhat broader then the horne put this chayne under the lower wheele in the Well upon both the hollow posts draw it ouer the upper wheele and linke it fast and straight Turn then the handle round and it will turne the chayne round whose leathers comming up the brasse barrell will beare the water before them this goeth very strongly and therefore had neede bee made with wheeles and wrought upon by horses for so the water is wrought up at Broken Wharfe in London To make an Engin which being placed in water will cast the same with violence on high LEt there be prepared a strong table with a sweepe fastened at the one end thereof to lift up and downe unto the end of the sweepe let there be linked a peece of yron hauing two rods of length sufficient let there bee made a hole quite through the midst of this table whose diameter let be about fiue or six inches then prouide two peeces of brasse in forme of hattes but let the brim of the uppermost be but about one inch broad and haue diuers little holes round about it also in the crown of this must bee placed a large succur and ouer it a half globe frō the top of which must proceed a hollow trunke aboute a yard long and of a good wide bore then take good liquored leather 2 or 3 times double put betweene the board and the brims of this and with diuers little screws put through the holes of the brimme screw it fast unto the top of the table Note that the table must bee leathered also underneath the compasse of the brimme of the lower brasse Now the lowermost brasse must be of equal diameter in hollownesse unto the other but it must be more spirall towards the bottome and must haue eyther a large clacke or succur fastned in it also the brim of this must be larger then that of the uppermost and haue two holes made about the midst on each side one bore then 2 holes in the table on each side of the brasse one answerable unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse throgh which holes put the two rods of the yron hanged unto the sweepe through them and riuet them strongly into the holes of the lower brasse Place this in water and by mouing the sweepe up and downe it will with greater violence cast the water on high Experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed LEt there bee a large pot or vessell hauing at the side a peece of wood made hollow hauing a clacke of leather with a peece of lead upon it within the vessell also let there be a pipe through the top of the vessell reaching almost to the botom of it at the top of which let there be a round hollow ball and on it a small cocke of brasse Note that if you fill the said vessell halfe-full of water and blow into the hole of the pipe at the side your breath will lift up the clack and enter the vessell but when it is in it will presse down the clack blow into it oftentimes so shall there bee a great deale of ayre in the vessell which will presse so hard upon the water that if you turne the cock at the top the water in the vessell will spin out a good while Another LEt A B C D be a great vessell having a partition in the middle let there bee a large tunnell at the top of it E F whose neck must go into the bottom almost of the lower vessell let there be a hollow pipe also coming out of the partition and almost touch
the top of the upper vessell In the top of the upper vessell let there bee another pipe reaching from the bottom of the upper vessell and extending it selfe out of the vessell a good way let the top of it hang ouer the tunnell In the top of the upper vessell let there be a hole besides to be stopped with cork or otherwise when you will use it open the cork-hole and fill the upper vessel with water then stop it close againe and poure water into the tunnell and you shall see that the water in the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell againe and so will continue running untill all the water in the upper vessell be run out The reason thereof is this the water in the tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower vessell maketh it ascend the pipe in the partition and presse the water in the upper vessell which having no other way but the pipe it runneth out thereat The forcing of water by pressure that is the naturall course of water in regard of its heavinesse and thinnesse artificially contrived to break out of what image you please LEt A B C D bee a cestern placed upon a curious frame for the purpose let the bottom of this frame be made likewise in the form of a cestern Through the pillers of this frame let there passe hollow pipes from the bottom of the upper cestern and descend to the bottom of the lower cestern and then run all to the middle thereof and joyne in one and turne up into the hollow body of a beast bird fish or what your fancy most affecteth let the hole of the image whereat the water must break out be very small for so it will run the longer Fill the upper cestern with water and by reason of the weight thereof it will passe through the pipes and spin out of the hole of the image Experiments of forcing water by Engins LEt there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what length and bignesse you please let the bottom of it be open and let the top be closed but so that it be hollow on the outside like a basin in the midst whereof let there bee a straight pipe erected open at both ends also let there be another short pipe at the side of it which let bee even with the top of the basin on the outside but stand a little from it on the side Having thus prepared the barrell fit a good thick board unto it so that it may slip easily up and down from the top of the barrell unto the bottom nayle a lether about the edges of it and another upon the top of it on the underside of it let there be fastned a good stiffe but flexible spring of steele which may thrust the board from the bottom to the top of the barrell let the foot of this spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of the barrell let this board also have tied at the middle a little rope of length sufficient When you use it bore a little hole in the table that you set it on to put the rope thorow and pull the rope down which will contract the spring and with it draw down the board then poure in water at the basin untill the vessell be full Note then as you let slack the rope the water will spirt out of the pipe in the middle and as you pull it straight the water will run into the vessell againe You may make birds or divers images at the top of the pipe out of which the water may break Another manner of forcing water whereby the water of any spring may be forced unto the top of a hill LEt there be two hollow posts with a succur at the bottom of each also a succur nigh the top of each let there be fastned unto both these posts a strong peece of timber having as it were a beame or scale pinned in it and having two handles at each end one In the tops of both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels made very even and smooth within unto these two barrels let there be fitted two forcers lethered according to art at the tops of these forcers must be fastned two yrons which must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam from each post below towards the end of the barrels let there bee two leaden pipes which afterward meet in one to conduct the water up to the place desired which if it bee very high there will be need of some succurs to catch the water as it cometh The description of an Engin to force water up to a high place very usefull for to quench fire amongst buildings LEt there be a brasse barrell provided having two succurs in the bottom of it let it also have a good large pipe going up one side of it with a succur nigh unto the top of it and above the succur a hollow round ball having a pipe at the top of it made to screw another pipe upon it to direct the water to any place Then fit a forcer unto the barrell with a handle fastned unto the top at the upper end of this forcer drive a strong screw and at the lower end a screw nut at the bottom of the barrell fasten a screw and at the barre that goeth crosse the top of the barrell let there be another screw nut put them all in order and fasten the whole to a good strong frame that it may stand steddy and it is done When you use it either place it in the water or over a kennell and drive the water up to it and by moving the handle to and fro it will cast the water with mighty force up to any place you direct it Experiments of producing sounds by ayer and water LEt there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the forme of the figure following having a little hole at the top in the which fasten a reed or pipe also another little hole at the bottom presse this pot into a bucket of water and it will make a loud noyse Another LEt there be a cestern of lead or such like having a tunnell on the top let it bee placed under the fall of a Conduit and at the one end of the top let there come out of the vessell a small pipe which let bee bent into a cup of water and there will be heard a strange voice Over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers birds made to sit therein How to make that a bird sitting on a basis shall make a noise and drink out of a cup of water being held to the mouth of it PRovide a cestern having a tunnell at the one end of the top and a little cane coming out of the other end of the vessell on the top of which let there be a bird made to sit also at the bottom of the cestern let there bee a crane to carry away the water as it runneth into the vessell Place this
vessell with its tunnell under the fall of a conduit of water and the bird will sing and if you hold a cup of water under his bill hee will drink and make a noise A device whereby severall voyces of birds cherping may be heard PRepare a cestern having divers partitions one above another let them all have cranes in the bottoms to carry the water from one to another also let each cestern have his severall pipe all of them coming out at the top of the cestern on whose tops let birds bee artificially made with reeds in them also in the top of the upper cestern let there bee a tunnell Place it under the fall of a conduit of water and you shall heare so many severall voyces as there are birds A device whereby the figure of a man standing on a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet PRepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a concave hemisphere in whose bottom let there bee made one or two holes let there also be a hole in the top of the sayd cestern whereby it may bee filled with water as occasion serveth Also let there bee made to stand on the top of this cestern the image of a man holding unto his mouth a trumpet this image must likewise have a slender pipe coming out of the cestern unto the trumpet in this pipe or cane there must be a cock nigh unto the cestern Also there must come out of the concave hemisphere at the side of the cestern a little short pipe having a clack on it within the vessell Fill the cestern about two thirds full of water and then cork it up fast blow then into the vessell at the pipe on the side divers times and the ayer will force the water out of the hemisphere and make it rise up on the sides of it turne then the cock and the weight of the water will force the ayer out of the pipe and so cause the trumpet to sound Hercules shooting at a Dragon who as soone as he hath shot hisseth at him LEt there be a cestern having a partition in the midst in the partition let there bee a deep succur having a small rope fastned unto the top of it let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of the cestern and bee fastned unto a ball the other part thereof let it be put under a pulley fastned in the partition and let it be carried also out of the upper cestern and be fastned unto the arme of the image which must bee made to slip to and againe and to take hold of the string of a steele bow that is held in the other hand At the other end of the cestern let there bee made an artificiall image of a Dragon through whose body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially fastned in the upper part thereof Note then that when you put up the ball the image will draw his bow and when you let it fall the Dragon will hisse Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by ayer PRepare a round vessell of brasse or latin having a crooked pipe or neck whereto fasten a pipe put this vessell upon a trevet over the fire and it will make a shrill whistling noyse To make two images sacrificing and a Dragon hissing PRepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon it let therebe in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up out of the cestern at each end also in the middle within the altar also on the side of the altar into the body of a dragon artificially made with a reed in the mouth of it Let there bee two boxes at the tops of the pipes on the ends of the cestern having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out of them Fill the boxes with water when you occupy it also put fire upon the altar and the dragon will hisse and the water in the two boxes being wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow the pipes will drop into the fire These two boxes ought to be inclosed in the bodies of two images and the two short cranes comming out of them in her armes and hands Experiments of producing sounds by Engins PRepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked with the letters A B C D place it upon a frame as F G H this vessell must have a hole in the bottom with a pipe fastned in it as Q to convay the water conteyned in it into a vessell or tub set under it marked with the letters R S T also a frame must bee fastned at the top of it as G H L having so many bels with little beaters or hammers to them artificially hanged as are requisit to expresse your de-desired tune Lastly provide a sollid peece of timber whose lower part must bee fitted unto the aforesayd vessell so that it may easily slip up and down and so high as that its foot resting upon the bottom of the vessell the upper part thereof may stand somewhat above all the bels Note likewise that that part of this wood aboue its bottom or foot must be cut away about three quarters of an inch Vpon this wood thus fitted must bee fastned severall pins equall unto each bell from the top unto the foot thereof so disposed that they may orderly presse down the inward ends of the hammers of each bell according as the tune goeth when you use it fill the cestern almost with water and put the fitted peece of timber into it and as the water runneth out at the bottom it it will play upon the bels note that it were very requisit to haue a cock fastned to the pipe on the bottom of the vessell that therewith you might at your pleasure stay the water The like engines might be made to play upon wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water to make the musick resound but because this description giueth light enough for the framing of diuers other I thought good here to omit them Experiments of motions by rarifying water with fire LEt there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it and entring the body of a hollow ball let there come out of the same ball a crane whose lower end make to hang ouer a bucket fastned to a rope and hanging ouer a pulley of which rope the other end must bee wound about two spindles hauing two doores fastned unto them and at the and of the same rope let there bee a waight fastned So the fire on the altar will cause the water to distill out of the ball into the bucket which when by reason of the water it is become heuier then the weight it will draw it up and so open the said gates or little doores Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre by fire LEt there be a round vessell of glasse or horn and on the top of it a vessell of brasse and in the midst a hollow pipe spreading it selfe into foure seuerall branches at the
of the weather put in a little crooked hollow cane for the ayre to passe in and out at but let it not touch the water then stop it about the joynts of the glasse with good cement that nothing may come out Make an artificiall rock about it with peeces of cork dipt in glew and rowled in this following powder and it is done The powder for the rock Take mother of Pearle 2 pound small red Corall di pound Antimony crude 4 ounces and make a grosse powder of them To make the single perpendicular glasse ascending with heat and descending with cold PRepare two glasses after the fashion of the figure A B and C D let the glasse A B haue a small pinhole at or about the top of all and let the glasse C D haue besides the hole at the top another hole at the bottom with a short pipe Prouide such a frame for this as you did before for the other then put the glasses into it fasten the bottom glasse to the bottom of the frame hauing a hole at the bottom thorow which the pipe of the glasse C D may passe fit a cork unto it then lute the two glasses together so that no ayre may passe between the joyning divide then the shank into so many degrees as you please and figure it as before I taught you then with the heat of a candle rarifie the ayre in the glasse C D and fill it a third part full of water and then put the cork fast in Note that if the first heating of the glasse rayse not the water unto your content you must repeat it over and over untill it doe when it is sufficient then stop the cork in very firm that no water may come out and it is made How to make the double perpendicular glasse PRepare two glasses like unto the figure marked with the letters A B the one of them must have a small hole in or about the head thereof Prepare likewise for the bottom a vessell of the fashion of the figure G H having two mouthes at each end one also a cocke in the middle as K divide then the shank of the glasse without the hole in the top into equall parts and set figures upon it next lute them both fast into the necks of the bottom vessell But first remember to put them in a frame when the cement is dry turn the cock of the bottom vessell and rarify the ayre in the glasse that hath no hole at the top then set the bottom vessell a little way into a vessell filled with water and it will suck up the the water as it cooleth when the bottom vessell is full also the water mounted in that top glasse without a vent up to a fitting degree the temper of the weather regarded then depresse but gently the glasses into the vessell of water untill the water be come up into the glasse with the vent at the top sufficiently that is so that in both the glasses may bee contained so much water as will fill the shank of one and about 2 or 3 degrees of the other then turne the cock and take away the vessell of water from under them let them down and fasten the bottom vessell unto the bottom of the frame and make a rock about it or else what other works you please that the art may not be discerned Lastly set figures upon both but first upon that without the vent beginning from the bottom and proceeding upwards then lay your hand upon the head of it which will depresse the water which when it commeth equall to the degrees paste the same degree on the place of the water in the other glasse with the vent and it is done AFter the same manner is the treble glasse made but whereas in the double glasse there was but one glasse that had a vent at the top there is two in this both whose shanks must contain the iust quantity of water that the glasse without the vent will containe If you do well obserue the form of the subsequent figure you cannot goe amisse How to make the moveable perpendicular glasse FIrst prepare the glasse A B fill it almost top-full of water provide also the glasse K L having a loop at the top of it divide it into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees and on the mouth thereof fasten a thin board that will easily slip in and out of the bottom glasse make then a waight of lead or brasse somewhat heavier than both the glasse and board fastned thereto and then tie a little rope to the loop of the glasse A B and the waight at the other end thereof Rarify the ayre contained in the glasse L and reverse it into the glasse A B filled with water and hang the plummet over two little pulleys fastned in a frame made for the purpose and as the glasse K L cooleth the water will ascend the same and so by the change of the outward both the glasse and water will move accordingly Of the use of all the severall sorts of Weather-glasses ALbeit the formes of Weather-glasses are divers according to the fancy of the Artist yet the use of all is one and the same to wit to demonstrate the state and temper of the season whether hot or cold as also to foreshew the change and alteration thereof 1 Note therefore that the nature and property of the water in all the glasses that have no vent holes at the top is to ascend with cold and descend with heat But in them that have vents it descendeth as much as it ascendeth in these 2 The sudden falling of the water is an evident token of rayne 3 The continuance of the water at any one degree is a certaine token that the weather will continue at that stay it is then at whether it be fayre or foule frost or snow But when the water either riseth or falleth the weather will then presently change 4 The uncertaine motion of the water is a signe of fickle weather The single perpendicular with a vent moveth upwards with cold and downwards with heat and is quite contrary in quality to the former only that it moveth uncertainly in fickle and uncertaine weather and keepeth a constant place in stayed weather These rules are all certaine and true now you may according to your owne observation frame other rules whereby you may foretell the change of the weather the water being at any one degree whatsoeuer A Water-clock or a Glasse shewing the houre of the day LEt there be provided a deepe vessell of earth or any thing else that will hold water as A B C D provide also a glasse made after the fashion of the figure marked with the letters E F G. It must bee open at the bottom and haue also a small hole at the top thorow which if you can but put the point of a needle it is sufficient This glasse must not bee so long as the vessell is deepe by about two
inches Then take a iust measure of the length of the glasse K â— G and set it on the inside of the vessell A B C D from the bottom towards the top and then make a rase round about the vessell there must bee fitted unto this earthen vessell a pipe reaching from the top of the outside thereof where there must bee a cock unto it and going to the bottom where it entreth the same and againe extendeth it selfe almost unto the circle or mark rased on the vessell A B C D. Fill then the vessell with fayre water up to the rase or circle and turne the cock and put the glasse into the water and you shall see that the glasse by reason of its heavinesse will tend toward the bottom of the vessell but very slowly by reason that the ayre contained therein hath so small a vent turne an houre-glasse and at the end of each houre make a mark upon the glasse equall with the water and it is done When the glasse is quite sunke to the bottom of the water turn the cock and with one blast of your mouth at the pipe it will ascend againe Another fashioned one PRepare a vessell as A B C D having a very small cock unto it whose passage ought to bee so small as that the water might issue out but by drops Prepare likewise a vessell as E F G H having at one end of it a piller of a foot and a halfe or two foot high let there be fitted unto this vessell a board so that it may freely without stay slip up and down towards one side of this board there must be a good big hole which must bee placed under the cock of the other vessell Then fasten unto the top of this board the image of Time or Death and pointing with a dart upon the piller aforesaid turn then an houre glasse and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place of the piller that the image with his dart pointeth at and it is made For note the dropping of the water out of the cock thorow the hole of the board whereon the image standeth causeth the same to ascend by little and little Mark the figures Another artificiall Water-clock which may bee set conveniently in a double Weather-glasse FIrst prepare a cestern as A B C D partition in the middle let there bee made two pipes the one whereof must reach out of the upper cestern and descend almost to the bottom of the lowest cestern as I K the other must be a short one and haue a very small hole that the water may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops also at the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern let a small pipe enter To the upper cestern fit a board with a peece of lead nayled upon it to make it somewhat heavy so that it may easily slip up and downe in it this board must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto and you must so poyse the said board that it being hung up by a line may hang even and levell Then prepare a box to put ouer the cestern which ought to stand about six inches aboue the cestern In the top of this box let there be fastned a long pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer in this creuice it were fitting to fasten small pins to the end that the rope might turn the sayd wheele as the water faleth from under the board let the spindle of this pulley come out at one side of the box whereon there is a Dyall drawn contayning so many houres as you would haue it go for unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a needle or director to shew the houre then put a small cord ouer the pulley in the box fasten one end thereof to the loop of the board and at the other end let there bee tied a waight not quite so heauy as the board then fill the upper cestern with water and the board will presse it out into the lower vessell at the pipe O drop by drop and as the board sinketh lower it will by meanes of the rope upon the pulley turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about the dyall you may set it by an houre-glasse or Watch when it is quite downe if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the cestern the water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern A wheele which being turned about it casteth water out at the spindle LEt A B be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell with a hole open quite through one side of it let D E F be a wheele whose spindle must bee also hollow and haue a hole through one side of it so that being put into the hollow barrell both the holes may be equall together Note then that so long as these holes are equall together the water will run out at the spindle of the tub but if you turne the wheele to another side it will not run A water-presser or the mounting of water by compression LEt there bee prouided a barrell of brasse of what length and widenesse you please let it bee exactly smooth within and very tight at bottom unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about and let there bee made diuers small holes quite through it wherein fasten diuers formes and shapes of birds beasts or fishes hauing very small pin-holes through them for the water to spin out at you shall do well to make this plug very heavy either by pouring molten lead into certaine holes made for the purpose or else by fastning some waight unto the top fill the barrell with water and put the plug into it which lying so heavy upon the water it will make it spin out at the pin-holes of the images placed thereupon How to compose a great or little peece of Water-worke FIrst prepare a table whereupon erect a strong frame and round about the frame make a moat with a leaden cestern to be filled with water let the leaden moat somewhat undermine as it were the frame which ought to be built in three stories one aboue another and euery one lesser than another Within the middle story fasten a very strong Iack that goeth with a waight or a strong spring the ending of whose spindles ought to be crooked thus Z whereby diuers sweeps for pumps may bee moued to and againe whose pumps must go down into the moat and haue small succurs unto them and convayances towards their tops whereat the water may be mounted into diuers cesterns out of some wherof there may be made convayances in their bottoms by small pipes running down into the riuer or moat again and there breaking out in the fashions and formes of Dragons Swans Whales Flowers and such like pretty conceits out of others the water may fall upon wheeles out of whose spindles the water turning round may bee made to run In
the uppermost story of all let there bee made the forcer by ayre as I taught before or else a presser hauing at the top Neptune riding on a Whale out of whose nostrils as also out of Neptunes Trident the water may be made to spin through small pin-holes you may also make diuers motions about this work but for that the multitude of figures would rather confound than instruct the Reader I haue of purpose omitted them THE SECOND BOOKE Teaching most plainly and withall most exactly the composing of all manner of Fire-works for Triumph and Recreation By I. B. LONDON Printed by Thomas Harper for Ralph Mab. 1634. To the Reader COurteous Reader there hath a desistance been occasioned since the inception of this work by reason of the occurrence of certaine Authours that contrary unto my knowledge had laboured so fully herein but after consideration had that for the most part they were but translations I thought it might bee no lesse lawfull and commendable for mee than for others to communicate unto such as are yet desirous of further information that wherein I have bestowed both cost and paines Notwithstanding I haue so used the matter as that I might not derogate from the estimation had of others to increase mine owne Read it throughly iudge indifferently and if thou likest it practise considerately If thou art ignorant herein I am sure it will instruct thee and though well experienced which perhaps thou art I make no question but that thou mayst finde somewhat which thou hast not heard of before So farewell Your Wellwiller I. B. Of Fire-workes I Haue euer found in conference with diuers desirous of instruction in any Art or Science whatsoeuer that the summe and chiefest end of all hath been to know the reasons and causes of those things they were desirous to be informed in Wherefore I thought good before I came to the matter it selfe to set down some few Praecognita or Principles as I may so call them whereby such as are ingenious upon occasion may informe themselues if they stand in doubt of the cause of any thing that is heereafter taught Certayne Praecognita or Principles wherein are contayned the causes and reasons of that which is taught in this Booke 1 THe foure Elements Fire Ayre Earth and Water are the prima principia I meane the materialls whereof euery sublunary body is composed and into the which it is at last dissolued 2 Euery thing finding a dissolution of those naturae catenae that is meanes whereby their principia are connected and ioyned together their lighter parts ascend upward and these that are more grosse and heauy doe the contrary 3 It is impossible for one and the selfe same body to possesse at one time two places It followeth therefore that a dense body rarified and made thin eyther by actuall or potentiall fire requireth a greater quantity of room to be conteyned in then it did before Hence it is that if you lay your hand upon a glasse hauing a straight mouth reuerst into a dish of water it rarifieth the ayre contayned therein and makes it breake out thorough the water in bubbles Also that gunpowder inclosed in the barrell of a gun being rarified by fire applied unto the touch-hole it seeketh a greater quantity of roome and therefore forceth the bullet out of the barrell This is called violent motion 4 According unto the strength and quantity of a dense body rarified and according unto the forme and length of its inclosure it forceth its compresser further or neerer at hand Thus much shall suffice to haue spoken concerning the Praecognita Now I will passe ad majora ad magis necessaria to wit those necessary Instruments and seuerall sorts of Ingredients that ought to be had in readines As for the instruments they are these Morters and Pestles Serces also seuerall sorts of Formers Paper Parchment Canuas Whipcord strong binding thread Glew Rosin Pitch with diuers vessells meet to contayne and mingle your compositions in The ingredients likewise are chiefly these Saltpeter Rochpeter Sulpher Charcoale good Gunpowder Filings of steele oyle of Peter and Spirit of wine Instructions for chusing your ingredients SAltpeter is very good if that being layd upon a board and fire put to it rise with a flamed ventosous exhalation raysing no scum nor leauing no pearle but onely a blacke specke burnt into the boord The best brimstone is quick brimstone or liâ—e sulphur and that sort is best that breaketh whitest if this cannot be gotten take of the whitest yellow brimstone The best Coales for use are the sallow willow hazel and beech onely see they be well burnt Euery of these ingredients must be powdred finely and searsed All kindes of gunpowder are made of these ingredients imposed or incorporated with vineger or aquauitae and afterward grayned by art The Saltpeter is the Soul the Sulphur the Life and the Coales the Body of it The best sort of powder may be distinguished from others by these signes 1 If it be bright and incline to a blewish colour 2 If in the handling it proue not moyst but auoydeth quickely 3 If being fired it flash quickly and leaue no dregs nor setlings behinde it A device to try the strength of divers sorts of Gunpowder 1 Such as operate in the ayre as Rockets Serpents Raining fire Stars Petards Dragons Fire-drakes Feinds Gyronels or Fire-wheeles Balloons 2 Such as operate upon the earth as Crackers Trunks Lanterns Lights Tumbling bals Saucissons Towers Castles Pyramids Clubs Lances Targets 3 Such as burn in or on the water as Rockets Dolphins Ships Tumbling bals Part of either of the three kindes are simple and part are compounded part also are fixed and part moueable First I will treat of the diuers compositions and then of the Formers Coffins and manner of composing euery of them Of the divers compositions of fire workes FIrst of the compositions of fire workes for the ayre and therein first I will speake of the compositions for rockets because that all moueable fireworkes haue their motion from the force of them accordingly applied Compositions for Rockets of all sizes according unto the prescription of the noted Professors as M r Malthus M r Norton and the French Authour Des recreationes Mathematiques A Composition for Rockets of one ounce TAke of gunpowder saltpeter and charcoale of each one ounce and a halfe mingle them together and it is done Note heere as I told you before that all your ingredients ought to be first powdred by themselues and afterwards mixed very well together A Composition for Rockets of two and three ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre ounces and a halfe saltpeter one ounce mixe them together A Composition for Rockets of foure ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre pounds saltpeter one pound charcoale fowre ounces mingle them together A Composition for Rockets of fowre ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre poundes saltpeter one pound charcoale fowre ounces brimstone halfe an ounce mingle them together A Composition for
nine or ten times upon a roller as A B and choake the one end of it fill it then with whole gunpowder and then choake the other end also then cover all the Saucisson with cord and glew it over then pierce one end of it and prime it with a quill filled with gunpowder dust place it upon a forme having a a hole for the quill to passe thorough then fire it by a traine of gunpowder layd under the frame it will give a report like a canon marke the figure F F. How to make the flying Saucisson to be delivered out of the morter peece MAke a coffin for this as you did for the former first fill it almost with whole gunpowder then put upon that gunpowder dust which you must ramme hard into the coffin so that it may bee one finger thicke then choake it close and arme and prime it as you did the former It is represented by the figure K M. How to make a fire sword YOu must make a sword of woode having a deepe channell in the backe of it wherein place first a Rocket for the ground then two or three serpents upright with their mouthes inward let the stoupell that primeth the Rocket come under the mouth of the serpents so that being kindled it may set them on fire and enter the breech of the next rocket so fill the channell quite full with rockets and serpents binde the rockets fast into the channell but the serpents must be placed so that being once fired they may fly out of the channell and it is made mark the figure G P. The description and making of three sorts of Fire-lances TO make the first Fire-lance whose figure is noted A you must make a hollow trunk of what length or bignesse you please either of wood paper or pastbord rowled on a rowler and armed with some cord and glew first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two fingers thick then ram upon it a pastebord peirced with a little hole in the middle hauing a quill fastned in it which quill must be filled with a slow composition or else with gunpowder dust this quill must stand up in the lance two or three inches then fill the coffin up to the top of the said quill with starres and strew among the starres some gunpowder dust then put pastebord ouer them having a hole for the quill fastned in the former bottom of pastebord to passe then upon this pastebord ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick then put a row of serpents in and in the midst of the serpents put a cane open at both ends and filled with gunpowder dust this cane must be somewhat longer than the serpents and it must passe through a pastebord which must bee put ouer then put some more gunpowder dust and ram it in upon it and upon that put another row of serpents with a cane in the midst of them filled with a slow composition and upon them put gunpowder dust or else a slow composition ramming it in till the lance bee full then put a pastebord upon it and in the midst of the pastebord put a little cane filled with a slow composition then fasten it upon a staffe of what length you will and it is made To make the second Fire-lance you must prepare a trunk like unto the former first ram in the bottom of it some of the composition of rockets for the earth about two fingers thick then put a pastebord upon it having a petard fastned in the middest this pastebord must bee pierced in three or foure places round about the petard that thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the pastebord may take fire then ram in some more composition upon the petard about two or three fingers thick then another petard then more composition so doing untill you have filled the trunk then fasten it upon a staffe and and prime it as you did the former it is represented by the figure noted B. The description and making of two sorts of Fire-clubs TO make the first you must make an ovall ball of pastebord canvasse or parchment glewed together which you must first fill with a slow composition ram it in and then bore divers holes round about it and put therein serpents fire bals or what you will fasten it upon a staffe and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow composition this is represented by the figure A A. To make the second you must fill divers canes open at both ends and of a foot long or more or lesse as you think fit with a slow composition and binde them upon a staffe of foure or five foot long prime them so that one being ended another may begin you may prime them with a stouple or match prepared as before make an osier basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by and it is done The figure F F representeth the staffe with the canes bound upon it The figure marked G representeth the staffe having a basket wrought over it How to make a Fire-target MAke a Target of osier twigs or else of light wood binde upon it divers canes filled with a very slow composition the canes must bee open at both ends and primed with stouple that one may give fire unto another in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also if you please which you may fill with the same composition as you did the others Mark the figure L M N O Of Fire-works for the water How to make Rockets for the water THe diameter of hollownesse of the mould for Rockets that swim on the water must be one inch and eight inches long let the breech enter into the body of the Rocket one inch and it must have no broach at all in it Let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three quarters of an inch the rammer must be a thought lesser then ram it full of the composition of Rockets for the water joyne to the upper end of it a Saucisson then couer it all over with melted pitch rosin wax or tallow to the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins and to make it float along the water binde a rod about two foot long as you did unto the rockets for the ayre now if you would have the rocket to change his actions that is to swim one while above the the water and one while under the water then put into it in the filling one spoonfull of composition and ram that in then one spoonfull of whole powder and ram that in and then another of composition and after that another of whole gunpowder so do untill you have filled it quite If you would have it change colour then shift the composition divers times that is put in one spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the water then another spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the ayre or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed untill you
have filled it How to make a Rocket that shall burne a good while in the water and then mount up into the ayre FIrst you shall make a rocket for the water and binde unto the lower end a stick about two foot and a halfe long having a large hole in the end thereof then tie unto it but loosly so that it may easily slip out a rocket for the ayre and let the stouple that primeth for the rocket for the ayre enter into the breech of the water rocket then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water besmeare then both the rockets with tallow grease or wax or any oyle colour that the water may not spoyle the coffins of the rockets then hang a stone at the bottom of the stick that hath the hole in it to make it sink down into the water then fire the water rocket and cast them into the water the fired rocket will burne in the water and being consumed will giue fire unto the other rocket which being loosly tyed will slip the bond and mount up into the ayre This is represented by the figure G G. The floating rocket mentioned before is expressed by the figure noted I K. The description and making of two sorts of fire bals for the water FOr to make the first you must make a ball of Canvas about the bignesse of a Foot-ball or bigger if you please and fasten in it a double Rocket for the water if you will also you may stuffe the rest of the ball with the composition that will burne under the water and cut holes in the sides and therein fasten other bals and petrards in them then cover the ball over with Tallow Pitch or painting except the place where the Rocket is primed and it is done It is represented by the figure noted with A and it will tumble up and downe in the water To make the second fire-ball you must first make a ball of Canvas Pasteboard or such like and cut a wide hole in the top of it and place in it a channell of Tinne pierced in divers places fill the channell with the compositions of Rockets for the water against every hole therof place a petrard cover it with a cover pitch it over and prime it then ballast it with leade or a stone that the vent may burne upwards and it is done It is represented by the figure B. How to make a Dolphin YOu must make the body of it of Pasteboard glued together fill the body with the composition of Rockets for the water pierce it in the back with divers little holes wherein put Serpents besmeare the body all ouer with the following pap Take gunpowder dust foure ounces camphire and sulphur or brimstone in powder of each one ounce make them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles then binde unto it a large Rocket for the water which Rocket must be armed as afore that the water may not hurt it then ballast it with a wyre hauing at each end a piece of lead of weight sufficient and it is done Marke the figure I might haue beene infinite in the describing of such like with Ships Towres Castles Piramides But considering that it would but increase the price of the booke and not better your understanding since all consist of the former workes which are so plainely described as that the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof and if any whit ingenious thence contriue others of what fashion they list FINIS THE THIRD BOOKE Of Drawing Limming Colouring Painting and Graving By I. B. LONDON Printed by THOMAS HARPER for RALPH MAB 1634. THE THIRD BOOKE of Drawing Painting Limming Graving THe Art of Drawing is in it selfe most excellent and most worthy commendations in whosoever it is yea it is an Art so necessarie unto all ingenious Artists as that in no wise they can be without it and my selfe haue found it to bee true that the sight of a good draught is more unto an ingenious person then a whole Chapter of Information Wherefore I have according unto my knowledge and practise therein faithfully penned the same for the use of all such as beare affection unto the Art and are desirous to be instructed therein And for that divers persons cannot attaine unto it or perhaps are loath to bestow any time to practise it whereby they might come to a requisite perfection for such I have set downe certaine directions and those so facile and easie that persons altogether unskilfull may having a patterne worke very well But before I begin it behooveth that I prescribe what things are to be had in readinesse to worke withall first therefore provide good smooth and cleare paper divers plummets made of blacke leade oker or blacke chalke or else Charcoals made of Ash Sallow or Beech split in sunder and pointed also a wing having provided these your implements you shall thus begin to worke First let the thing whose pourtrature you intend to take stand before you so that the light be not hindred from falling upon it and with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically which when you have done consider a while whether all the parts thereof are proportionable and whether it carry the semblance of the thing that you drew it from which if it do not wipe it out with your wing and begin anew but if it be faulty on one part onely wipe onely that part out and draw it againe whensoever it liketh you or that you have so drawne it that you can finde no great fault in it wipe it over gently with your wing so that you may perceive the former strokes then with your blacke chalke or blacke lead plummets draw it as perfectly and as curiously as you can and shadow it according as the light falleth upon it This way is workeman like and the most difficult of all yet by a little practice may easily be attained unto so that the persons stand well affected unto the Art Instead of white paper you may take light coloured blew paper and draw upon it with charcoale and white chalke pointed which will shew very wel but note that after you have made your draught you must wet it in faire water and let it dry of it selfe this will make the drawing to hold fast on which would otherwise easily be wiped off This may serve for such as are contented to take some paines to attaine so noble a Science But for others there are divers other helps which follow in order How to take the perfect draught of any printed or painted Picture TAke a sheete of Venice or in stead thereof of the finest white paper that you can get wet it all ouer with cleane sallet oyle then wipe the oyle off from the paper as cleane as you can so that the paper may be dry otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking through of the oyle hauing thus prepared your
bruise the ribs and veines on the backe-side of it afterwards wet that side with Linseed-oyle and then presse it hard upon a peece of cleane white paper and so you shall have the perfect figure of the said leafe with every veine thereof so exactly exprest as being lively coloured it would seeme to bee truly naturall by this we learne that Nature being but a little adjuvated or seconded with Art can worke wonders Now for the farther information of such as are desirous of exemplarie instruction I have set downe in order following the delineation of the proportion of such things as in my iudgement seemed most necessarie for young beginners and those in such easie demonstrations as for the most part they consist of equall squares and require no more for their right understanding then diligent observation I might have filled a whole Booke of such like but having considered that what I had done was a sufficient ground for a farther procession I thought fitting to leave each person to the exercise and practise of his best Invention I thought fitting to give you a word or two wherefore I have not made the crosse pricked lines to passe through the figures The reason is 1 because the figure would have beene thereby somwhat defaced 2 because some chuse rather to draw without such rules 3 for others with a ruler and black lead plummet they may crosse the figures through and with white bread crums take out the same againe at pleasure Of Painting THe principall end and subject of this Art is to set out things both in proportion of parts and livelinesse of colour For the former the proportion of parts I have given sufficient information for the meanest capacitie in the precedent part of this tractat now therefore I will speake of the other the colouring or setting out in colours But first provide a frame or Easel called by Artists which is very necessary to worke upon especially in greater pieces of worke the forme whereof followeth Also you must provide divers little shels to put your colours in also pensils of all sorts both for priming and other a light ruler of one foot and a halfe or two foot long and colours of all sorts ground very fine upon a porphire or marble Having provided these you shall set to worke observing the subsequent directions Painting may be performed either with water colours or with oyle colours First I will speake of water colours wherein I shall observe two things First the diversitie of colours and preparations Secondly their mixture and manner of laying them on the ground First of the first the diversitie of colours and their preparation Colours are either simple or compounded meerely tinctures of vegetables or substances of minerals or both the simple colours are such as of themselves being tempered with the water or oyle doe give a colour The compounded are such whose ingredients do exceed the number of one Vegetables are rootes juces berries and such like things as grow out of the earth Minerals are such as are dig'd out of the earth as earth and stones c. All which follow in order as well their preparations as description First note that every colour to be ground ought first to be ground with the gall of a neat then let them dry of themselves in a cold place afterwards grinde them with gumme water for your use Now I am come to the second thing observable to wit the mixture and laying the colours on the grounds which is thus your colours prepared for use ought to be tempered according unto direction still observing a meane and to that end mixe them by little and little till the colour please you first you must lay on the ground colour and let it dry throughly then with a small pensill pricke on the second colour else it will be apt to run abroad nor can you worke it so well to make it seeme liuely as you may by pricking it on especially in small peeces If you are to paint ouer maps or printed pictures that haue writing in them they use to lay on the thinnest colours and alwaies before you lay any colours upon paper wet the backe side of it with faire water wherein store of Allum hath beene dissolued and let it dry of it selfe after wet it againe and let it dry doe it the third time for this will strengthen the paper that the colour shall not sinke through it and moreouer it will make the colour shew the brighter and last the better To make Gum water to temper your Colours with TAke cleane water and put into it of gum Arabicke a little and let it stand untill the gumme be dissolued Now you must haue a care that it be neither too thicke by reason of the Gumme nor yet too thin for with the one you cannot worke well and the other will not binde the colour fast A Purple colour TAke two pound of Heidleber two ounces of Allum halfe an ounce of ashes of Copper halfe a pound of water put them into a Skillet and let them boyle till a third be consumed when it is cold straine it into a cleane vessell and let it stand a while then straine it into another and then let it stand till it be thicke enough A Crane Colour You must onely grinde blacke Lead with Gum water Browne Colour TAke good browne and grinde it with Gumme water his false colour is made with two parts browne and a third part white lead sad it with the same browne Hayre Colour Take Vmber or Spanish browne grinde it temper it with Gumme water A Blew Boyle Mulberries with Allum An Emerauld Colour TAke Verdigreese and grinde it first dry and put unto it a little of the Gall of a neat also of Saffron and the juyce of Rew of each a little grinde them together and put them into a shell and let it dry there when you would use it grinde it againe with Vineger or Verjuce and a little neats gall dissolved in either of them His false colour is two parts greene and a third ceruse it must bee sadded with a good greene A Motlie greene This colour is compounded of red and greene A blacke Colour FIrst you must lay on a light blacke mingled with white lead and afterwards when it is dry sad it with good blacke for sad blacke mixe Indie Baudias with Gumme water A marble or ashe colour This is compounded of blacke and white A russet or sad Browne This colour is made by compounding a little white with a good quantity of red A browne Blew Take two parts of Indie Baudias and a third of ceruse and temper them with gumme water A Brasse Colour This is compounded of Masticot and Vmber A gold yellow for Armes TAke Orpment and Masticot grinde each by themselves but in grinding of the Masticot adde a little Saffron and worke with them Note you may alay your Orpment with chalke and sadde it with browne of Spain or O ker de Luke Azure
TAke of white lead foure ounces of Indicum two ounces put them into a leaden pot with vinegar boyle them well and that which swimmes on the top is the colour A purple or violet Colour THis is a compounded colour and it is made either by mixing a quantitie of Azure and a portion of Turnsole or else by mixing a quantitie of russet and a quantitie of Azure Sanguine or Blood-colour THis is likewise a compounded colour and it is made by mixing a good quantitie of Cinaper with a little blacke Orange-tawny THis colour is compounded of a bright red and a bright yellow A Lyon-tawny THis colour is made by mixing red lead and Masticot together A Carnation or Flesh-colour FIrst you must lay on a white colour tempered with gumme-water and when it is drie you must go it over againe with Vermillion or lake or else you must temper ceruse and vermilleon together and being dry go over it againe with lake or vermillion A Peach Colour This is compounded of Ceruse and Vermillion A Skie Colour This colour is compounded of vermilleon and azure A Blood red THis colour is made of Cinaper and afterwards sadded with Vermilleon at the sides or else with a browne colour A bloudy colour grinde Cinaper Lake and Cinaper tops put them into good water and if they be too light put to them a little Turnsole A Lincoln-greene THis colour is compounded of a good greene and Saffron A Poppin-jay greene This colour is compounded of azure and masticot A good yellow TAke Saffron or Cambugium and temper it with gum-water Sad it with Vermilleon A sable or blacke TAke a Torch hold it under a lattyn Bason temper that blacke with gumme-water A velvet-blacke BVrne harts-horne on a Colliers hearth then grinde it with the gaul of a neat put it into a shell and let it dry in the shade when you would use it grinde it againe with gumme-gumme-water To write gold with Pen or Pensil TAke a shell of gold and put a little gum-water unto it and temper it together and then you may write with it as with other colours To make Azure or bise sadder TAke blew Turnsole wet it in gum-water and then wring it out and mixe it either with Bise or else overshadow the Bise with it Red Colour TAke Vermillion and temper it with gumme water His false colour is two parts vermillion and a third part ceruse Another Red. TAke russet and temper it with gumme-water clay it with ceruse and sad it with it selfe Another Red. TAke Brassill in grosse powder allum in powder steep them in gum water a night and a day then straine it and keepe it for use A greene Colour TAke Copper plates put them in a copper pot put distilled vineger to them set them in a warme place till the vinegar become blew then put it out into another leaded pot and poure more vinegar into it again let it stand so till it become blew this do so many times till you thinke you have enough then let it stand till it be thicke To make good Inke TAke two handfuls of gauls cut each gaul into three or foure peeces poure into them a pint of beere or wine then let it stand eight houres straine it from the gauls and put vitreoll therein and to the vitreoll a third part of gumme set it on the fire to warme but let it not seethe and it will be good Inke and of these gauls you may make Inke foure or five times more To seethe Brasill TAke an ounce of Brasill twelve ounces of beere wine or vinegar put it in a new pot let it stand a night and in the morning set it on the fire and let it seethe till halfe be consumed then put into it two peny worth of allum beaten together and as much beaten gum-Arabicke stirre them well together and let them seethe againe if you desire to have it somewhat darke then scrape a little chalke into it when it seetheth let it not seethe over the pot when it is cold straine it through a cloth and put it into a glasse well stopt Aurum Musicum TAke one ounce of Salarmoniack one ounce of quick-silver of counterfein halfe an ounce of brimstone bruise the brimstone and set it on the fire but let it not be over hot lest it burne then take the Salarmoniacke and the quicksilver being in powder mixe them well together then mingle with them the brimstone stirre them well and quickly with a sticke till the brimstone become hard then let it coole grinde it on a stone and put it in a glasse well stopt with waxe and set it in a pan with ashes make a fire under it and let it stand halfe a day in that manner but not over hot till a yellow smoke riseth on it and when the yellow smoke is gone it is prepared Argentum Musicum TAke an ounce of Tynne melt it and put thereto one ounce of tartar and one ounce of quicksilver stirre them well till they be cold then beat all in a morter and grinde it on a stone temper it with gumme-water and write therewith and afterward polish it To write a gold colour TAke a new hennes egge make a hole at one end and let the substance out then take the yolke without the white and foure times as much in quantitie of quicksilver grinde them well together and put them into the shell stop the hole thereof with chalke and the white of an egge then lay it under an henne that sitteth with sixe more let her sit on it three weeks then breake it up and write with it To write with gold out of a Pensil TAke honey and salt a like quantitie grinde them well and put to them a leafe of gold with a little white of an egge put it into a mussell shell and let it purifie then temper it with gumme-gumme-water and write with it pollish it Or else grinde a leafe of silver or gold very small with gumme-water and wash it in a mussell shell as aforesaid To temper Azure of Bise TAke Azure or Bise and grinde it on a stone with cleane water then put it in a broad glasse or shell and when it hath stood a while all the dregs will fleet above and the cleane colour will fall to the bottome then poure out the water with the dregs and poure the azure in cleane water againe then stirre the colour and water together and let it stand and fine and after that poure out the water and dregs againe do thus till it be well purged then grinde it againe on a stone with gumme-water and put it into a horne or shell when you paint or write stirre it and let the sticke drop into the pen for it will sinke to the bottome as lead To temper Turnsole TAke Turnsole and wet it once or twice in cleare water and let it lye till it be well steeped then wring it into a dish till the colour be good and sad with this
to smooth and pollish Copper Plates BEcause that in the printing with Copper Plates the least scratch though it be scarce visible receiveth its impression and so many times disgraceth the worke I have set downe a way to smooth plates for impression First take a piece of Brasse or Copper of what bignesse you intend of an indifferent thicknesse and see as neere as you can that it bee free from fire flawes First beat it as smooth as you can with a hammer then rub it smooth with a pumice stone that is void of gravell least it race it so cause you as much more labour to get thē out burnish it after with a burnishing iron having first dropped a drop or two of sallet oyle on it then rub it over with a cole prepared as is after taught and lastly with a peece of beaver hat dipt in sallet oyle rub it very well for an houre thus you may polish it exactly How to prepare your Coales TAke Beechen charcole such as when they are broke doe shine such as are void of clifts and such as breake off even burne them againe and as soone as they are all through on fire quench them in chamber lye after take them out and put them in faire water and reserue them for your use Having prepared all things in a readinesse you must haue a draught of that you intend to cut or engrave Take the plate then and waxe it lightly ouer and then either pounce the picture upon it or trace it or by drawing ouer the lines of the picture with ungummed inke reprint it upon the Plate then worke upon it obseruing the shadow so that being printed it may stand right for it will be backward upon your plate when you haue cut one stroke drop a little sallet oyle upon your peece of Bever and rub over the said stroke for by this meanes you shall better see the stroke and how to cut the next equall unto it and so the rest proportionally distant one from another but to worke by a Candle you must place a glasse of faire water betweene the Candle and a paper betweene that and the Plate which casteth a true light or you will never be able to worke truely and aright Of Etching ETching is an imitation of engrauing but more speedily performed Things may be expressed to the life thereby but not so sweetly as by the Graver It is thus performed the Plate you are to etch upon must first exactly be pollished afterwards ouerlaid but very lightly with a ground made for the purpose of which anon and thereupon must be pounced drawne or traced the thing that you are to etch then the said ground is to be pierced with diuers stiles of seuerall bignesse according as the shadowes of the picture doe require afterwards the edges of the Plate are to be raised with soft waxe and strong water for so they terme it It is to be had at the signe of the Legge in Foster Lane a Distiller is to be put upon it which in those places were the strokes are required to be lightly performed is to be abated or alayed with faire water which hauing dured a while upon the plate will eate into it as it were engraven then put it into cold water and wash it about and it will leaue eating further and then take off the ground and it is done Ared ground for Etching Take red lead grinde it very well and temper it with varnish A white ground TAke one ounce of Waxe and two ounces of Rosin melt them together and adde thereto a quarter of an ounce of Venice Ceruse ground fine lay it on while it is hot A blacke ground TAke Asphaltum two parts Bees waxe one part melt them together and being warme lay it on very thinly with a fine lawne ragge If it seeme somewhat red in any one part hold it over the smoake of a Linke or waxe candle and it will be amended Note that it is a principall thing in this Art to lay the ground on aright Another way how to engrave with water TAke Verdigrease Mercury sublimated vitreoll and allum a like quantity beate all to powder put them into a glasse and let it stand so halfe a day and stirre it often then lay on the plate waxe mingled with Linseed oyle or red lead with Linseed oyle and write in it that you meane to grave then put the water on it and let it so remaine halfe a day if you will have it very deepe let it lye longer If you will engrave Images c. lay the waxe on the Iron or Steele thin and draw what you will theron that it may touch the mettall then put the water into the strokes and it will be engraven How to engrave on a flint stone TAke a Flint and write on it what you will with the fat or tallow of an Oxe afterward lay the flint in vineger foure dayes FINIS Place this betweene folio 14. and 15. THE BOOKE OF EXTRAVAGANTS Wherein amongst others is principally contrived divers excellent and approved Medicines for severall maladies By I. B. LONDON Printed by Thomas Harper for Ralph Mab 1634. To the Reader COurteous Reader forasmuch as there were divers experiments that I could not conveniently or rather my occasions would not permit me to dispose in such order as I would have done I thought it would not bee amisse to call them by the names of Extravagants and so to set them downe as I found them eyther inserted amongst other my notes as I put them in practise or as they came into remembrance How to make a light burne under the water being a very pretty conceypt to take fish LEt there be a glasse as A having a hole at the bottome to put a candle in with a screwed socket The socket must have a loope at the bottome whereunto you must hang a weight of such heavinesse that it may draw the body of the glasse under water The necke of this glasse must bee open and stand above the water also about the necke must bee fastened a good broad peece of wood round about which but on that side of it that is next unto the water must be placed divers peeces of looking glasses so the light of the candle in the glasse body will bee multiplied according unto the number of them All the fishes neere unto it will resort about it as amazed at so glorious a sight and so you may take them with a cast net or other How to make an image hang in the middle of a glasse MAke the lower part of the image of hard wax and the upper part of wood and overlay it with oyle colours then put it into a globe glasse filled with fayre water and which way soever you turne the glasse the image will still hang in the middle and stand as it were upright which to my knowledge hath been a thing causing no small admiration among divers that have not understood the cause of it How to
make five or six dice of the ordinary bignesse of dice such as you may game withall and such as would be taken by their lookes to bee ordinary dice and yet all of them to weigh not above one grain TAke a peece of Elder and pith it lay the pith to dry and then make thereof with a sharp knife five or six dice and you shall finde it true that I haue sayd To lay gold on any thing TAke red Lead ground first very fine temper it with linseed oyle write with it and lay leafe gold on it let it dry and pollish it To lay gold on glasse GRinde Chalk and red Lead of each a like quantity together temper them with linseed oyle lay it on when it is almost dry lay your leafe gold on it when it is quite dry polish it To make yron as soft as lead TAke black flints powder them very finely then put the powder in an iron pan and make it red-hot then cast it on a marble stone till it be almost cold then make it red-hot againe and let it coole and grinde it so long till it cleave to the stone and grinde as it were clay then put that in a glasse and set it under the eaves of a house where the Sunne commeth not nigh in the day then the night after take out the water that you shall finde in the glasse above the powder then take that powder and grinde it with the water and put it in a stillatory and let it still out the halfe afterward poure the water againe on the sayd powder and still it againe with a soft fire then take and seethe that water till the halfe bee wasted then take some iron blade that is new broke and put it together and hold it so a little while then take of the water which was sod to the half and with a feather lay it first to the one side of the blade and when the water is cold lay it on the other side and it will soder fast with this water and with this water you may make steele as soft as lead It is likewise a soveraigne water to help the gout being anoynted where the griefe is for it giveth ease very speedily To colour tin or copper c. of a golden colour TAke linseed oyle set it on the fire scum it cleane then put therein of amber and aloe hepaticum a like quantity then beat and stir all well together with the oyle till it wax thick then take it off and cover it close and set it in the earth three dayes when you would use it strike your metall all ouer therewith and so let it dry and it will be of a golden colour To gild iron with a water TAke running water 3 pound rochallum 3 pound and Roman vitreoll one ounce of vardigrease one penny waight saltgem three ounces orpment one ounce boyle all these together and when it begins to boyle put in lees of tartar and bay salt of each halfe an ounce make it seethe and being sod a pretty while take it from the fire and strike the iron over therewith then let it dry against the fire and then burnish it To soder on iron SEt your joynt of iron as close as you can then lay them so in a glowing fire then take of Venice glasse in fine powder and the iron being red-hot cast the powder thereon and it shall soder of it selfe If you clap it in clay it will be the surer way To gild on iron or steele TAke one ounce of argall three drammes of vermileon and two drams of bol armeniack with as much aqua vitae then work and grinde them all together on a stone with linseed oyle having so done put there to lapis calaminaris as big as a hazell nut and grinde therewith in the end three or foure drops of varnish take it off the stone and strain it through a linnen cloth into a stone pot for it must bee as thick as hony then strike over your iron therewith and let it dry and then lay your gold or silver on as you would do upon the varnish A varnish like gold for tin silver or copper TAke small pots well leaded then put therein six ounces of linseed oyle one ounce of mastick one ounce of aloes epaticum make them altogether in fine powder and then put it into your sayd pot and cover it with such another yet in the bottom of the uppermost pot make a small hole wherein put a small stick with a broad end beneath to stir the other pot withall and when the pots are set just together close them all about with good clay and couer them all over also leaving the hole open above to stir the other pot with the stick set it over the fire and stir it as often as it seetheth and when you will gild pollish your metall over first and then strike this over the metall and let it dry in the Sunne To lay Gold on Iron or other mettall TAke liquid Varnish l. 1. Turpentine oyle of Lynseed of each an ounce mixe them all together with this ground you may gild on any mettall first striking it upon the mettall and afterward lay on the gold or silver When it is dry polish it To make Ice that will melt in fire but not dissolve in Water TAke strong water made with saltpeter allum and oyle of tartar of each one pound Infuse them together then put into them a little aqua ardens and it will presently coagulate them and turne them into ice A cement as hard as stone TAke powder of Loadstone and of flints a like quantity of either and with whites of egges and gumme dragant make paste and in a few dayes it will grow as hard as a stone To make Paper waved like unto marble TAke divers oyled colours put them severally in drops upon water and stirre the water lightly and then wet the paper being of some thicknesse with it and it will be waved like a marble dry them in the Sun To make Copper or Brasse have the colour of silver TAke Sal Armoniacke allum and salt of each a like quantity and with a little filings of silver let all be mixt together then put them into the fire that they may be hot and when they shall cease to smoke then with the same powder moystned with spittle rub your Copper or Brasse How to make glew to hold things together as fast as stone TAke of the powder of tile sheard two pound unslakt lyme foure pound oyle of Lynseed a sufficient quantity to temper the whole mixture this is marvellous strong To make a thinne glew TAke gluten piscis beate the same strongly on an Anvill till it be thin after lay it to soke in water untill it be come very soft and tender then worke it like paste to make small rowles thereof which draw out very thinne and when you will worke with it put some of it into an earthen pot with a little