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water_n	john_n	richard_n	william_n	4,054	5	10.6584	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68197	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 1] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 1	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt1; ESTC S122178	1,179,579	468

of the Danish race And from thence vntill we came vnto the coast of Norffolke I saw no more Ilands Being therfore past S. Edmunds point we found a litle I le ouer against the fall of the water that commeth from Holkham likewise another ouer against the Claie before we came at Waburne hope the third also in Yarmouth riuer ouer against Bradwell a towne in low or little England whereof also I must néeds saie somewhat bicause it is in maner an Iland and as I gesse either hath béene or may be one for the brodest place of the strict land that leadeth to the same is little aboue a quarter of a mile which against the raging waues of the sea can make but small resistance Little England or low England therefore is about eight miles in length and foure in bredth verie well replenished with townes as Fristan Burgh castell Olton Flixton Lestoft Gunton Blundston Corton Lownd Ashebie Hoxton Belton Bradwell and Gorleston and beside this it is verie fruitfull and indued with all commodities Going forward from hence by the Estonnesse almost an Iland I saw a small parcell cut from the maine in Oxford hauen the Langerstone in Orwell mouth two péeces or Islets at Cattiwade bridge and then casting about vnto the Colne we beheld Merseie which is a pretie Iland well furnished with wood It was sometime a great receptacle for the Danes when they inuaded England howbeit at this present it hath beside two decaied blockehouses two parish churches of which one is called east Merseie the other west Merseie and both vnder the archdeacon of Colchester as parcell of his iurisdiction Foulenesse is an I le void of wood and yet well replenished with verie good grasse for neat and sheepe whereof the inhabitants haue great plentie there is also a parish church and albeit that it stand somewhat distant from the shore yet at a dead low water a man may as they saie ride thereto if he be skilfull of the causie it is vnder the iurisdiction of London And at this present master William Tabor bacheler of diuinitie and archdeacon of Essex hath it vnder his iurisdiction regiment by the surrender of maister Iohn Walker doctor also of diuinitie who liued at such time as I first attempted to commit this booke to the impression In Maldon water are in like sort thrée Ilands inuironed all with salt streames as saint Osithes Northeie and another after a mersh that beareth no name so far as I remember On the right hand also as we went toward the sea againe we saw Ramseie I le or rather a Peninsula or Biland likewise the Reie in which is a chappell of saint Peter And then coasting vpon the mouth of the Bourne we saw the Wallot Ile and his mates whereof two lie by east Wallot and the fourth is Foulnesse except I be deceiued for here my memorie faileth me on the one side and information on the other I meane concerning the placing of Foulenesse But to procéed After this and being entered into the Thames mouth I find no Iland of anie name except you accompt Rochford hundred for one whereof I haue no mind to intreat more than of Crowland Mersland Elie and the rest that are framed by the ouze Andredeseie in Trent so called of a church there dedicated to saint Andrew and Auon two noble riuers hereafter to be described sith I touch onelie those that are inuironed with the sea or salt water round about as we may see in the Canwaie Iles which some call marshes onelie and liken them to an ipocras bag some to a vice scrue or wide sléeue bicause they are verie small at the east end and large at west The salt rilles also that crosse the same doo so separat the one of them from the other that they resemble the slope course of the cutting part of a scrue or gimlet in verie perfect maner if a man doo imagine himselfe to looke downe from the top of the mast vpon them Betwéene these moreouer and the Leigh towne lieth another litle Ile or Holme whose name is to me vnknowne Certes I would haue gone to land and viewed these parcels as they laie or at the least haue sailed round about them by the whole hauen which may easilie be doone at an high water but for as much as a perrie of wind scarse comparable to the makerell gale whereof Iohn Anele of Calis one of the best seamen that England euer bred for his skill in the narow seas was woont to talke caught hold of our sailes caried vs forth the right waie toward London I could not tarie to sée what things were hereabouts Thus much therefore of our Ilands so much may well suffice where more cannot be had The description of the Thames and such riuers as fall into the same Cap. 11. HAuing as you haue séene attempted to set downe a full discourse of all the Ilands that are situat vpon the coast of Britaine and finding the successe not correspondent to mine intent it hath caused me somewhat to restreine my purpose in this description also of our riuers For whereas I intended at the first to haue written at large of the number situation names quantities townes villages castels mounteines fresh waters plashes or lakes salt waters and other commodities of the aforesaid Iles mine expectation of information from all parts of England was so deceiued in the end that I was fame at last onelie to leane to that which I knew my selfe either by reading or such other helpe as I had alreadie purchased and gotten of the same And euen so it happeneth in this my tractation of waters of whose heads courses length bredth depth of chanell for burden ebs flowings and falles I had thought to haue made a perfect description vnder the report also of an imagined course taken by them all But now for want of instruction which hath béene largelie promised slacklie perfourmed and other sudden and iniurious deniall of helpe voluntarilie offered without occasion giuen on my part I must needs content my selfe with such obseruations as I haue either obteined by mine owne experience or gathered from time to time out of other mens writings whereby the full discourse of the whole is vtterlie cut off and in steed of the same a mangled rehearsall of the residue set downe and left in memorie Wherefore I beséech your honour to pardon this imperfection and rudenesse of my labour which notwithstanding is not altogither in vaine sith my errors maie prooue a spurre vnto the better skilled either to correct or inlarge where occasion serueth or at the leastwise to take in hand a more absolute péece of worke as better direction shall incourage them thereto The entrance and beginning of euerie thing is the hardest and he that beginneth well hath atchiued halfe his purpose The ice my lord is broken and from hencefoorth it will be more easie for

Clare hall Richard Badow chancellor of Cambridge 1459 13 Catharine hall Robert Woodlarke doctor of diuinitie 1519 14 Magdalen college Edw. duke of Buckingham Thom. lord Awdlie 1585 15 Emanuell college Sir Water Mildmaie c. The description of England Of colleges in Oxford Yeares Colleges   Founders 1539 1 Christes church by King Henrie 8. 1459 2 Magdalen college William Wainflet first fellow of Merton college then scholer at Winchester and afterward bishop there 1375 3 New college William Wickham bishop of Winchester 1276 4 Merton college Walter Merton bishop of Rochester 1437 5 All soules college Henrie Chicheleie archbishop of Canturburie 1516 6 Corpus Christi college Richard Fox bishop of Winchester 1430 7 Lincolne college Richard Fleming bishop of Lincolne 1323 8 Auriell college Adam Browne almoner to Edward 2. 1340 9 The queenes college R. Eglesfeld chapleine to Philip queene of England wife to Edward 3. 1263 10 Balioll college Iohn Balioll king of Scotland 1557 11 S. Iohns Sir Thomas White knight 1556 12 Trinitie college Sir Thomas Pope knight 1316 13 Excester college Walter Stapleton bishop of Excester 1513 14 Brasen nose William Smith bishop of Lincolne 873 15 Vniuersitie college William archdeacon of Duresine   16 Glocester college Iohn Gifford who made it a cell for thirteene moonks   17 S. Marie college   18 Iesus college now in hand Hugh ap Rice doctor of the ciuill law There are also in Oxford certeine hostels or hals which may rightwell be called by the names of colleges if it were not that there is more libertie in them than it to be séen in the other I mine opinion the liuers in these are verie like to those that are of Ins in the chancerie their names also are these so farre as I now remember Brodegates Hart hall Magdalen hall Alburne hall Postminster hall S. Marie hall White hall New In. Edmond hall The students also that remaine in them are called hostelers or halliers Hereof it came of late to passe that the right reuerend father in God Thomas late archbishop of Canturburie being brought vp in such an house at Cambridge was of the ignorant sort of Londoners called an hosteler supposing that he had serued with some inholder in the stable and therfore in despite diuerse hanged vp bottles of haie at his gate when he began to preach the gospell wheras in déed he was a gentleman borne of an ancient house in the end a faithfull witnesse of Iesus Christ in whose quarrell he refused not to shed his bloud and yéeld vp his life vnto the furie of his aduersaries Besides these there is mention and record of diuerse other hals or hostels that haue béene there in times past as Beefe hall Mutton hall c whose ruines yet appéere so that if antiquitie be to be iudged by the shew of ancient buildings which is verie plentifull in Oxford to be séene it should be an easie matter to conclude that Oxford is the elder vniuersitie Therin are also manie dwelling houses of stone yet standing that haue béene hals for students of verie antike workemanship beside the old wals of sundrie other whose plots haue béene conuerted into gardens since colleges were erected In London also the houses of students at the Commonlaw are these Sergeants In. Graies In. The Temple Lincolnes In. Dauids In. Staple In. Furniuals In. Cliffords In. Clements In. Lions In. Barnards In. New In. And thus much in generall of our noble vniuersities whose lands some gréedie gripers doo gape wide for and of late haue as I heare propounded sundrie reasons whereby they supposed to haue preuailed in their purposes But who are those that haue attempted this sute other than such as either hate learning pietie and wisedome or else haue spent all their owne and know not otherwise than by incroching vpon other men how to mainteine themselues When such a motion was made by some vnto king Henrie the eight he could answer them in this maner Ah sirha I perceiue the abbeie lands haue fleshed you and set your téeth on edge to aske also those colleges And whereas we had a regard onelie to pull downe sinne by defacing the monasteries you haue a desire also to ouerthrow all goodnesse by subuersion of colleges I tell you sirs that I iudge no land in England better bestowed than that which is giuen to our vniuersities for by their maintenance our realme shall be well gouerned when we be dead and rotten As you loue your welfares therfore follow no more this veine but content your selues with that you haue alreadie or else seeke honest meanes whereby to increase your liuelods for I loue not learning so ill that I will impaire the reuenues of anie one house by a penie whereby it may be vpholden In king Edwards daies likewise the same sute was once againe attempted as I haue heard but in vaine for saith the duke of Summerset among other spéeches tending to that end who also made answer there vnto in the kings presence by his assignation I flerning decaie which of wild men maketh ciuill of blockish and rash persons wise and godlie counsellors of obstinat rebels obedient subiects and of euill men good and godlie christians what shall we looke for else but barbarisme and tumult For when the lands of colleges be gone it shall be hard to saie whose staffe shall stand next the doore for then I doubt not but the state of bishops rich farmers merchants and the nobilitie shall be assailed by such as liue to spend all and thinke that what so euer another man hath is more meet for them and to be at their commandement than for the proper owner that hath sweat and laboured for it In quéene Maries daies the weather was too warme for anie such course to be taken in hand but in the time of our gratious quéene Elizabeth I heare that it was after a sort in talke the third time but without successe as mooued also out of season and so I hope it shall continue for euer For what comfort should it be for anie good man to sée his countrie brought into the estate of the old Gothes Uandals who made lawes against learning and would not suffer anie skilfull man to come into their councell house by meanes whereof those people became sauage tyrants and mercilesse helhounds till they restored learning againe and thereby fell to ciuilitie Of the partition of England into shires and counties Chap. 4. IN reding of ancient writers as Caesar Tacitus and others we find mention of sundrie regions to haue béene sometime in this Iland as the Nouantae Selgouae Dannonij Gadeni Oradeni Epdij Cerones Carnonacae Careni Cornabij Caledonij Decantae Logi Mertae Vacomagi Venicontes Texali or Polij Denani Elgoui Brigantes Parisi Ordouici aliàs Ordoluci Cornauij Coritaui Catieuchlani Simeni Trinouantes Demetae Cangi Silures Dobuni Atterbatij Cantij Regni Belgae Durotriges Dumnonij Giruij Murotriges Seueriani Iceni Tegenes Casij Caenimagni Segontiaci

by north After this confluence it goeth on toward the south till it méet with a pretie brooke rising northeast of Whettell going by Brunton Regis increased at the least with thrée rilles which come all from by north These being once met this water runneth on by west of the beacon that beareth the name of Haddon soone after taketh in the Barleie that receiueth in like sort the Done at Hawkbridge and from hence goeth by Dauerton and Combe and then doth méet with the Exe almost in the verie confines betwéene Dorset Summerset shires Being past this coniunction our Exe passeth betwéene Brushford and Murbath and then to Exe bridge where it taketh in as I heare a water by west from east Austie and after this likewise another on ech side whereof one commeth from Dixford and Baunton the other called Woodburne somewhat by east of Okeford From these meetings it goeth to Caue and through the forrest and woods to Hatherland and Washfields vntill it come to Tiuerton and here it receiueth the Lomund water that riseth aboue Ashbrittle commeth downe by Hockworthie vpper Loman and so to Tiuerton that standeth almost euen in the verie confluence Some call this Lomund the Simming brooke or Sunnings bath After this our Exe goeth to Bickleie Theuerten taking in a rill by west nether Exe Bramford beneath which it ioineth with the Columbe that riseth of one head northeast of Clarie Haidon and of another south of Shildon and méeting beneath Columbe stocke goeth by Columbe and Bradfeld and there crossing a rill that commeth by Ashford it runneth south to Wood More haies Columbton Brandnicke Beare Columbe Iohn Horham and ioining as I said with the Exe at Bramford passing vnder but one bridge yer it meet with another water by west growing of the Forten and Cride waters except it be so that I doo iudge amisse The Cride riseth aboue Wolle sworthie and néere vnto Upton after it is past Dewrish crosseth a rill from betweene Puggill and Stockeleie by Stocke English c. From hence it goeth to Fulford where it méeteth with the Forten wherof one branch commeth by Caldbrooke the other from S. Marie Tedburne and ioining aboue Crediton the chanell goeth on to the Cride which yer long also receiueth another from by north comming by Stockeleie and Combe then betwéene Haine and Newton Sires to Pines and so into the Exe which staieth not vntill it come to Excester From Excester whither the burgesses in time past laboured to bring the same but in vaine it runneth to Were there taking in a rill from by west and an other lower by Exminster next of all vnto Toppesham beneath which towne the Cliue entreth thereinto which rising about Plumtree goeth by Clift Haidon Clift Laurence Brode Clift Honiton Souton Bishops Clift S. Marie Clift Clift saint George and then into the Exe that runneth forward by Notwell court Limston and Ponderham castell Here as I heare it taketh in the Ken or Kenton brooke as Leland calleth it comming from Holcombe parke by Dunsdike Shillingford Kenford Ken Kenton and so into Exe hauen at whose mouth lie certeine rocks which they call the Checkston̄es except I be deceiued The next fall whereof Leland saith nothing at all commeth by Ashcombe and Dulish and hath his head in the hilles thereby The Teigne mouth is the next fall that he came to it is a goodlie port foure miles from Exemouth The head of this water is twentie miles from the sea at Teigne head in Dartmore among the Gidleie hilles From whence it goeth to Gidleie towne Teignton drue where it receiueth the Crokerne comming from by north and likewise an other west of Fulford parke Then it goeth to Dufford Bridford Kirslowe Chidleie Knighton and beneath the bridge there receiueth the Bouie whose course is to north Bouie Lilleie and Bouitracie Thence it runneth to kings Teignton taking in Eidis a brooke beneath Preston that commeth from Edeford by the waie And when it is past this confluence at kings Teignton it crosseth the Leman which commeth from Saddleton rocke by Beckington and Newton Bushels and soone after the Aller that riseth betwéene Danburie and Warog well afterward falling into the sea by Bishops Teignton south of Teignmouth towne The verie vtter west point of the land at the mouth of Teigne is called the Nesse and is a verie high red cliffe The east part of the hauen is named the Poles a low sandie ground either cast vp by the spuing of the sand out of the Teigne or else throwne vp from the shore by the rage of wind and water This sand occupieth now a great quantitie of the ground betweene the hauen where the sand riseth and Teignmouth towne which towne surnamed Regis hath in time past béen sore defaced by the Danes and of late timeby the French From Teignemouth we came to Tor baie wherof the west point is called Birie and the east Perritorie betwéene which is little aboue foure miles From Tor baie also to Dartmouth is six miles where saith Leland I marked diuerse things First of all vpon the east side of the hauen a great hillie point called Downesend and betwixt Downesend and a pointlet named Wereford is a little baie Were it selfe in like sort is not full a mile from Downesend vpward into the hauen Kingswere towne standeth out as another pointlet and betwixt it Wereford is the second baie Somewhat moreouer aboue Kingswere towne goeth a little créeke vp into the land from the maine streame of the hauen called Waterhead and this is a verie fit place for vessels to be made in In like sort halfe a mile beyond this into the landward goeth another longer créeke and aboue that also a greater than either of these called Gawnston whose head is here not halfe a mile from the maine sea by the compassing thereof as it runneth in Tor baie The riuer of Dart or Darent for I read Derenta muth for Dartmouth commeth out of Dartmore fiftéene miles aboue Totnesse in a verie large plot and such another wild morish forrestie ground as Ermore is Of it selfe moreouer this water is verie swift and thorough occasion of tin-workes whereby it passeth it carrieth much sand to Totnesse b●●dge and so choketh the depth of the riuer downeward that the hauen it selfe is almost spoiled by the same The mariners of Dartmouth accompt this to be about a kenning from Plimmouth The Darent therefore proceeding from the place of his vprising goeth on to Buckland from whence it goeth to Buckland hole and soone after taking in the Ashburne water on the one side that runneth from Saddleton rocke by north and the Buckfastlich that commeth from north west it runneth to Staunton Darington Hemston and there also crossing a rill on ech side passeth foorth to Totnesse Bowden and aboue Gabriell Stoke méeteth with the Hartburne that runneth vnder Rost bridge two

miles aboue Totnes or as another saith by Ratter Harberton Painesford and Asprempton into Darent which yer long also commeth to Corneworthie Grenewaie Ditsham Darntmouth towne whervnto king Iohn gaue sometimes a maior as he did vnto Totnesse from thence betwéene the castelles and finallie into sea From hence we went by Stokeflemming to another water which commeth from blacke Auton then to the second that falleth in east of Slapton and so coasting out of this baie by the Start point we saile almost directlie west till we come to Saltcombe hauen Certes this port hath verie little fresh water comming to it and therefore no meruell though it be barred yet the head of it such as it is riseth neere Buckland and goeth to Dudbrooke which standeth betwéene two créekes Thence it hieth to Charleton where it taketh in a rill whose head commeth from south and north of Shereford Finallie it hath another créeke that runneth vp by Ilton and the last of all that falleth in north of Portlemouth whose head is so néere the baie last afore remembred that it maketh it a sorie peninsula as I haue heard it said Then come we to the Awne whose head is in the hils farre aboue Brent towne from whence it goeth to Dixford wood Loddewell Hache Aunton Thorleston and so into the sea ouer against a rocke called S. Michaels burrow Arme riseth aboue Harford thence to Stoford Iuie bridge Armington bridge Fléet Orchardton Ownewell and so vnto the sea which is full of flats and rocks so that no ship commeth thither in anie tempest except it be forced therto through the vttermost extremitie and desperat hazard of the fearefull mariners King Philip of Castile lost two ships here in the daies of king Henrie the seuenth when he was driuen to land in the west countrie by the rage of weather Yalme goeth by Cornewood Slade Stratleie Yalmeton Collaton Newton ferrie and so into the sea about foure miles by south east from the maine streame of Plimmouth Being past these portlets then next of all we come to Plimmouth hauen a verie busie péece to describe bicause of the numbers of waters that resort vnto it small helpe that I haue for the knowledge of their courses yet will I doo what I may in this as in the rest and so much I hope by Gods grace to performe as shall suffice my purpose in this behalfe The Plimne or Plim is the verie same water that giueth name to Plimpton towne The mouth of this gulfe wherein the ships doo ride is walled on ech side and chained ouer in time of necessitie and on the south side of the hauen is a blocke house vpon a rockie hill but as touching the riuer it selfe it riseth in the hils west of Cornewood and commeth downe a short course of thrée miles to Newenham after it be issued out of the ground From Newenham also it runneth to Plimpton and soone after into the Stoure which Stoure ariseth northwest of Shepistour goeth frō thence to Memchurch Hele. Shane Bickleie and so to Eford where taking in the Plim it runneth downe as one vnder the name of Plim vntill it go past Plimmouth and fall into the hauen south east of Plimmouth aforesaid I haue oftentimes trauelled to find out the cause whie so manie riuers in England are called by this name Stoure and at the first supposing that it was growne by the corruption of Dour the Brittish word for a streame I rested thervpon as resolued for a season but afterward finding the word to be méere Saxon and that Stouremare is a prouince subiect to the duke of Saxonie I yéelded to another opinion whereby I conceiue that the said name was first deriued from the Saxons But to returne to our purpose Plimmouth it selfe standeth betweene two créeks not serued with anie backewater therefore passing ouer these two we enter into the Thamer that dischargeth it selfe into the aforsaid hauen Going therfore vp that streame which for the most part parteth Deuonshire from Cornewall the first riueret that I met withall on the east side is called Tauie the head whereof is among the mounteins foure miles aboue Peters Tauie beneath which it meeteth with another water from by west so that these two waters include Marie Tauie betwéene them though nothing neere the confluence From hence the Taue or Tauie runneth to Tauistocke aboue which it taketh in a rill from by west and another aboue north Buckland whose head is in Dartmore and commeth therevnto by Sandford and Harrow bridge From hence it goeth into Thamar by north Buckland moonks Buckland Beare and Tamerton follie Hauing thus dispatched the Tauie the next that falleth in on the east side vpwards is the Lidde which rising in the hils aboue Lidford runneth downe by Curriton and Siddenham and so to Lidstone aboue which it receiueth the Trushell brooke which rising north east of Brediston goeth by Trusholton to Ibaine where it receiueth a rill that commeth by Bradwood from Germanswike and after the confluence runneth to Liston and from thence into the Thamar The next aboue this is the Corewater this ariseth somewhere about Elwell or Helwell and going by Uirginston runneth on by saint Giles without anie increase vntill it come to Thamar Next of all it taketh in two brookes not much distant in sunder whereof the one commeth in by Glanton the other from Holsworthie and both east of Tamerton which standeth on the further banke other side of the Thamar and west northwest of Tedcote except the quarter deceiue me Certes the Thamar it selfe riseth in Summersetshire about thrée miles northeast of Hartland and in maner so crosseth ouer the whole west countrie betwéene sea and sea that it leaueth Cornewall a byland or peninsula Being therefore descended from the head by a tract of six miles it commeth to Denborow Pancrase well Bridge Reuell Tamerton Tetcote Luffencote Boiton and Wirrington where it meeteth with a water on the west side called Arteie that riseth short of Iacobstow Two miles in like sort frō this confluence we met with the Kenseie whose head is short of Warpeston by south east from whence it goeth by Treneglos Tremone Tresmure Trewen Lanfton and so into the Thamar that runneth from hence by Lowwhitton vnto Bradston and going on toward Dunterton taketh in a rill from south Pitherwi●c and by Lesant beneath Dunterton also it crosseth the Enian This riuer riseth at Dauidston and directeth his race by saint Clethir Lancast and Trelaske first and then vnder sundrie bridges vntill it méet with the Thamar From hence also the Thamar goeth by Siddenham to Calstocke bridge Calstocke towne Clifton Cargreue there abouts taking in a créeke aboue Landilip and running on from thence hasteth toward Saltash where it receiueth the Liuer water The head of Liuer is about Broomwellie hill from whence it goeth on to North hill Lekenhorne South hill and taking in

being nine yeares of age was by the lawes of Edgar in ward to king Henrie the third by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke and there deliuered vnto him During whose minoritie king Henrie gouerned Scotland and to subdue a commotion in this realme vsed the aid of fiue thousand Scotishmen But king Henrie died during the nonage of this Alexander whereby he receiued not his homage which by reason and law was respited vntill his full age of one and twentie yeares Edward the first after the conquest sonne of this Henrie was next king of England immediatlie after whose coronation Alexander king of Scots being then of full age did homage to him for Scotland at Westminster swearing as all the rest did after this maner I. D. N. king of Scots shall be true and faithfull vnto you lord E. by the grace of God king of England the noble and superior lord of the kingdome of Scotland and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the same kingdome the which I hold and claime to hold of you And I shall beare you my faith and fidelitie of life and lim and worldlie honour against all men faithfullie I shall knowlege and shall doo you seruice due vnto you of the kingdome of Scotland aforesaid as God me so helpe and these holie euangelies This Alexander king of Scots died leauing one onelie daughter called Margaret for his heire who before had maried Hanigo sonne to Magnus king of Norwaie which daughter also shortlie after died leauing one onelie daughter hir heire of the age of two yeares whose custodie and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar and Edward the confessor belonged to Edward the first whervpon the nobles of Scotland were commanded by our king Edward to send into Norwaie to conueie this yoong queene into England to him whome he intended to haue maried to his sonne Edward and so to haue made a perfect vnion long wished for betwéene both realmes Herevpon their nobles at that time considering the same tranquillitie that manie of them haue since refused stood not vpon shifts and delaies of minoritie nor contempt but most gladlie consented and therevpon sent two noble men of Scotland into Norwaie for hir to be brought to this king Edward but she died before their comming thither and therefore they required nothing but to inioie the lawfull liberties that they had quietlie possessed in the last king Alexanders time After the death of this Margaret the Scots were destitute of anie heire to the crowne from this Alexander their last king at which time this Edward descended from the bodie of Mawd daughter of Malcolme sometime king of Scots being then in the greatest broile of his warres with France minded not to take the possession of that kingdome in his owne right but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof the weake title betwéene him Bruse Hastings being by the humble petition of all the realme of Scotland cōmitted to the determination of king Edward wherein by autentike writing they confessed the superioritie of the realme to remaine in king Edward sealed with the seales of foure bishops seuen earles and twelue barons of Scotland and which shortlie after was by the whole assent of the three estates of Scotland in their solemne parlement confessed and enacted accordinglie as most euidentlie dooth appeare The Balioll in this wise made king of Scotland did immediatlie make his homage and fealtie at Newcastell vpon saint Stéeuens daie as did likewise all the lords of Scotland each one setting his hand to the composition in writing to king Edward of England for the kingdome of Scotland but shortlie after defrauding the benigne goodnesse of his superiour he rebelled and did verie much hurt in England Herevpon king Edward inuaded Scotland seized into his hands the greater part of the countrie and tooke all the strengths thereof Whervpon Balioll king of Scots came vnto him to Mauntrosse in Scotland with a white wand in his hand and there resigned the crowne of Scotland with all his right title and interest to the same into the hands of king Edward and thereof made his charter in writing dated and sealed the fourth yeare of his reigne All the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland also repaired to Berwike and did homage and fealtie to king Edward there becomming his subiects For the better assurance of whose oths also king Edward kept all the strengths and holdes of Scotland in his owne hands and herevpon all their lawes processes all iudgements gifts of assises and others passed vnder the name and authoritie of king Edward Leland touching the same rehearsall writeth thereof in this maner In the yeare of our Lord 1295 the same Iohn king of Scots contrarie to his faith and allegiance rebelled against king Edward and came into England and burnt and siue without all modestie and mercie Wherevpon king Edward with a great host went to Newcastell vpon Tine passed the water of Twéed besieged Berwike and got it Also he wan the castell of Dunbar and there were slaine at this brunt 15700 Scots Then he proceeded further and gat the castell of Rokesborow and the castell of Edenborow Striuelin and Gedworth and his people harried all the land In the meane season the said king Iohn of Scots considering that he was not of power to withstand king Edward sent his letters and besought him of treatie and peace which our prince benignlie granted and sent to him againe that he should come to the towre of Brechin and bring thither the great lords of Scotland with him The king of England sent thither Antonie Becke bishop of Durham with his roiall power to conclude the said treatise And there it was agreed that the said Iohn and all the Scots should vtterlie submit themselues to the kings will And to the end the submission should be performed accordinglie the king of Scots laid his sonne in hostage and pledge vnto him There also he made his letters sealed with the common scale of Scotland by the which he knowledging his simplenes and great offense doone to his lord king Edward of England by his full power and frée will yeelded vp all the land of Scotland with all the people and homage of the same Then our king went foorth to sée the mounteins and vnderstanding that all was in quiet and peace he turned to the abbeie of Scone which was of chanons regular where he tooke the stone called the Regall of Scotland vpon which the kings of that nation were woont to sit at the time of their coronations for a throne sent it to the abbeie of Westminster commanding to make a chaire therof for the priests that should sing masse at the high altar which chaire was made and standeth yet there at this daie to be séene In the yeare of our Lord 1296 the king held his parlement at Berwike and there he tooke homage singularlie of diuerse of the lords nobles of Scotland And for a perpetuall memorie of the same they

learning or of good and vpright life as bishop Fox sometime noted who thought it sacrilege for a man to tarrie anie longer at Oxford than he had a desire to profit A man may if he will begin his studie with the law or physike of which this giueth wealth the other honor so soone as he commeth to the vniuersitie if his knowledge in the toongs and ripenesse of iudgement serue therefore which if he doo then his first degrée is bacheler of law or physicke and for the same he must performe such acts in his owne science as the bachelers or doctors of diuinitie doo for their parts the onelie sermons except which belong not to his calling Finallie this will I saie that the professors of either of those faculties come to such perfection in both vniuersities as the best students beyond the sea doo in their owne or else where One thing onlie I mislike in them and that is their vsuall going into Italie from whense verie few without speciall grace doo returne good men whatsoeuer they pretend of conference or practise chiefelie the physicians who vnder pretense of séeking of forreine simples doo oftentimes learne the framing of such compositions as were better vnknowen than practised as I haue heard oft alledged and therefore it is most true that doctor Turner said Italie is not to be séene without a guide that is without speciall grace giuen from God bicause of the licentious and corrupt behauiour of the people There is moreouer in euerie house a maister or prouost who hath vnder him a president certeine censors or deanes appointed to looke to the behauior and maners of the students there whom they punish verie seuerelié if they make anie default according to the quantitie and qualitie of their trespasses And these are the vsuall names of gouernours in Cambridge Howbeit in Oxford the heads of houses are now and then called presidents in respect of such bishops as are their visitors founders In ech of these also they haue one or moe thresurers whom they call Bursarios or Bursers beside other officers whose charge is to sée vnto the welfare and maintenance of these houses Ouer each vniuersitie also there is a seuerall chancelor whose offices are perpetuall howbeit their substitutes whom we call vicechancelors are changed euerie yeare as are also the proctors taskers maisters of the streates and other officers for the better maintenance of their policie and estate And thus much al this time of our two vniuersities in each of which I haue receiued such degree as they haue vouchsafed rather of their fauour than my desert to yeeld and bestow vpon me and vnto whose students I wish one thing the execution whereof cannot be preiudiciall to anie that meaneth well as I am resolutelie persuaded and the case now standeth in these our daies When anie benefice therefore becommeth void it were good that the patrone did signifie the vacation therof to the bishop and the bishop the act of the patrone to one of the vniuersities with request that the vicechancellor with his assistents might prouide some such able man to succeed in the place as should by their iudgement be méet to take the charge vpon him Certes if this order were taken then should the church be prouided of good pastors by whome God should be glorified the vniuersities better stored the simoniacall practises of a number of patrons vtterlie abolished and the people better trained to liue in obedience toward God and their prince which were an happie estate To these two also we may in like sort ad the third which is at London seruing onelie for such as studie the lawes of the realme where there are sundrie famous houses of which thrée are called by the name of Ins of the court the rest of the chancerie and all builded before time for the furtherance and commoditie of such as applie their minds to our common lawes Out of these also come manie scholers of great fame whereof the most part haue heretofore béene brought vp in one of the aforesaid vniuersities and prooue such commonlie as in processe of time rise vp onelie through their profound skill to great honor in the common-wealth of England They haue also degrées of learning among themselues and rules of discipline vnder which they liue most ciuilie in their houses albeit that the yoonger sort of them abroad in the streats are scarse able to be bridled by anie good order at all Certes this errour was woont also greatlie to reigne in Cambridge and Oxford ●etweene the students and the burgesses but as it is well left in these two places so in forreine counteies it cannot yet be suppressed Besides these vniuersities also there are great number of Grammer schooles through out the realme and those verie liberallie indued for the better reliefe of poore scholers so that there are not manie corporat townes now vnder the quéenes dominion that hain not one Gramar schoole at the least with a sufficient liuing for a maister and vsher appointed to the same There are in like maner diuerse collegiat churches as Windsor Wincester Eaton Westminster in which I was sometime an vnprofitable Grammarian vnder the reuerend father master Nowell now deane of Paules and in those a great number of poore scholers dailie mainteened by the liberalitie of the founders with meat bookes and apparell from whence after they haue béene well entered in the knowledge of the Latine and Gréeke toongs and rules of versifieng the triall whereof is made by certeine apposers yearelie appointed to examine them they are sent to certeine especiall houses in each vniuersitie where they are receiued the trained vp in the points of higher knowledge in their priuat hals till they be adiudged meet to shew their faces in the schooles as I haue said alreadie And thus much haue I thought good to note of our vniuersities and likewise of colleges in the same whose names I will also set downe here with those of their founders to the end the zeale which they bare vnto learning may appeare and their remembrance neuer perish from among the wise and learned Of the colleges in Cambridge with their founders Yeares of the foundations Colleges   Founders 1546 1 Trinitie college by King Henrie 8. 1441 2 The kings college K. Henrie 6. Edward 4. Henrie 7. and Henrie 8. 1511 3 S. Iohns L. Margaret grandmother to Henrie 8. 1505 4 Christes college K. Henrie 6. and the ladie Margaret aforesaid 1446 5 The queenes college Ladie Margaret wife to king Hentie 6. 1496 6 Iesus college Iohn Alcocke bishop of Elie. 1342 7 Bennet college The brethren of a popish guild called Corporis Christi 1343 8 Pembroke hall Maria de Valentia countesse of Pembroke 1256 9 Peter college Hugh Balsham bishop of Elie. 1348 1557 10 Gundeuill and Cauius college Edmund Gundeuill parson of Terrington and Iohn Caius doctor of physicke 1354 11 Trinitie hall William Bateman bishop of Norwich 1326 12

of writers by situation of place and by affinitie of language that this Iland was first found and inhabited by the Celts that there name from Samothes to Albion continued here the space of 310 yeares or there abouts And finallie it is likelie that aswell the progenie as the spéech of them is partlie remaining in this I le among the inhabitants and speciallie the British euen vnto this day Of the giant Albion of his comming into this Iland diuers opinions why it was called Albion why Albion and Bergion were slaine by Hercules of Danaus and of his 50. daughters The third Chapter NEptunus called by Moses as some take it Nepthuim the sixt sonne of Osiris after the account of Annius and the brother of Hercules had appointed him of his father as Diodorus writeth the gouernement of the ocean sea wherefore he furnished himselfe of sundrie light ships for the more redie passage by water which in the end grew to the number of a full nauie so by continuall exercise he became so skilfull and therewith so mightie vpon the waters as Higinus Pictonius doo write that he was not onelie called the king but also estéemed the god of the seas He had to wife a ladie called Amphitrita who was also honored as goddesse of the seas of whose bodie he begat sundrie children and as Bale reporteth he made euerie one of them king of an Iland In the I le of Britaine he landed his fourth son called Albion the giant who brought the same vnder his subiection And herevpon it resteth that Iohn Textor and Polydor Virgil made mention that light shippes were first inuented in the British seas and that the same were couered round with the hides of beasts for defending them from the surges and waues of the water This Albion being put by his father in possession of this I le of Britaine within short time subdued the Samotheans the first inhabitantes thereof without finding any great resistance for that as before ye haue heard they had giuen ouer the practise of all warlike and other painefull exercises and through vse of effeminate pleasures whereunto they had giuen themselues ouer they were become now vnapt to withstand the force of their enimies and so by the testimonie of Nicholaus Perottus Rigmanus Philesius Aristotle and Humfrey Llhoyd with diuers other both forraine home-writers this Iland was first called by the name of Albion hauing at one time both the name and inhabitants changed from the line of Iaphet vnto the accursed race of Cham. This Albion that thus changed the name of this Ile and his companie are called giants which signifieth none other than a tall kind of men of that vncorrupt stature and highnesse naturallie incident to the first age which Berosus also séemeth to allow where he writeth that Noah was one of the giants and were not so called only of their monstrous greatnesse as the common people thinke although in deed they exceeded the vsuall stature of men now in these daies but also for that they tooke their name of the soile where they were borne for Gigantes signifieth the sons of the earth the Aborigines or as Cesar calleth them Indigenae that is borne and bred out of the earth were they inhabited Thus some thinke but verelie although that their opinion is not to be allowed in any condition which maintaine that there should be any Aborigines or other kind of men than those of Adams line yet that there haue béene men of far greater stature than are now to be found is sufficientlie prooued by the huge bones of those that haue beene found in our time or lately before whereof here to make further relation it shall not need sith in the description of Britaine ye shall find it sufficientlie declared But now to our purpose As Albion held Britaine in subiection so his brother Bergion kept Ireland and the Orkenies vnder his rule and dominion and hearing that their coosine Hercules Lybicus hauing finished his conquests in Spaine meant to passe through Gallia into Italie against their brother Lestrigo that oppressed Italie vnder subiection of him other of his brethren the sons also of Neptune as well Albion as Bergion assembling their powers togither passed ouer into Gallia to stoppe the passage of Hercules whose intention was to vanquish and destroie those tyrants the sonnes of Neptune their complices that kept diuers countries and regions vnder the painefull yoke of their heauie thraldome The cause that moned Hercules thus to pursue vpon those tyrants now reigning thus in the world was for that not long before the greatest part of them had conspired togither and slaine his father Osiris not withstanding that they were nephues to the same Osiris as sonnes to his brother Neptune and not contented with his slaughter they diuided his carcase also amongst them so that each of them got a peece in token of reioising at their murtherous atchiued enterprise For this cause Hercules whome Moses calleth Laabin proclamed warres against them all in reuenge of his fathers death and first he killed Triphon and Bustris in Aegypt then Anteus in Mauritania the Garions in Spaine which enterprise atchiued he led his armie towardes Italie and by the way passed through a part of Gallia where Albion and Bergion hauing vnited their powers togither were readie to receiue him with battell and so néere to the mouth of the riuer called Rhosne in Latine Rhodanus they met fought At the first there was a right terrible and cruell conflict betwixt them And albeit that Hercules had the greatest number of men yet was it verie doubtfull a great while to whether part the glorie of that daies worke would bend whereupon when the victorie began outright to turne vnto Albion and to his brother Bergion Hercules perceiuing the danger and likelihood of vtter loose of that battell speciallie for that his men had wasted their weapons he caused those that stood still and were not otherwise occupied to stoope downe and to gather vp stones whereof in that place there was great plentie which by his commandement they bestowed so fréelie vpon their enimies that in the end hée obteined the victorie and did not only put his aduersaries to flight but also slue Albion there in the field togither with his brother Bergion and the most part of all their whole armie This was the end of Albion and his brother Bergion by the valiant prowesse of Hercules who as one appointed by Gods prouidence to subdue the cruell vnmercifull tyrants spent his time to the benefit of mankind deliuering the oppressed from the heauie yoke of miserable thraldome in euerie place where he came And by the order of this battell wée maye learne whereof the poets had their inuention when they faine in their writings that Iupiter holpe his sonne Hercules by throwing downe stones from heauen in this battell