Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	half_a	rose_n	syrup_n	3,491	5	10.9435	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60739	Polygraphice, or, The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, washing, varnishing, gilding, colouring, dying, beautifying, and perfuming in four books : exemplifyed in the drawing of men, women, landskips, countries and figures of various forms, the way of engraving, etching, and limning, with all their requisites and ornaments, the depicting of the most eminent pieces of antiquities, the paintings of the antients, washing of maps, globes or pictures, the dying of cloth, silk, horns, bones, wood, glass, stones and metals, the varnishing, colouring and gilding thereof according to any purpose or intent, the painting, colouring and beautifying of the face, skin and hair, the whole doctrine of perfumes, never published till now, together with the original, advancement and perfection of the art of painting / by William Salmon ...	Salmon, William, 1644-1713.	1673 (1673)	Wing S445; ESTC R16620	189,914	371

the hair and it will make it grow long and soft use it often VIII To preserve the hair from splitting at ends Anoint the ends thereof with oil Omphacine or oil of Myrtles they are eminent in this case to preserve the hair from splitting so also an ointment made of Honey Bees wax and oil Omphacine or Bears griese CHAP. XLI Of the Art of Perfuming in general I. IN this Art two things are to be considered viz. 1. The way and manner of making of Perfumes 2. The way and manner of Perfuming II. The Perfume it self is considered 1. In respect of its Form 2. In respect of its Composition III. The Form of the Perfume is either Water Oil Essence Unguent Powder or Tablets IV. The Making and Composition is taken from the Form and matter V. The Matter is either Vegetable Animal or Mineral VI. The way of Perfuming is according to the matter to be perfumed VII The matter to be perfumed is either natural as Hairs Skins Cloaths Air c. or Artificial as Pomanders Powders Wash-balls Soaps Candles and other things of like nature CHAP. XLII Of the Matter of which Perfumes are made I. THe ground of Vegetable Perfumes is taken from Flowers Seeds Herbs Roots Woods Barks and Gums II. The chief Flowers for this use are of Clove-Gilliflowers Roses Jasemin Lavender Oranges and Saffron III. The chief Seeds or fruits are Nutmets Cloves Carrawaies Grains Seeds of Geranium Moschatum and the Nut Ben. IV. The chief Herbs are Geranium Moschatum Basil sweet Majoram Tyme Angelica Rosemary Lavender Hysop sweet Trefoyl Mint and Bay-tree leaves V. The chief Roots are of Calamus Aromaticus Ginger China Caryophyllata Indian Spicknard and sweet Orrice or Iris. VI. The chief Woods are of yellow Sanders Xylobalsamum Lignum Aloes and Rhodium VII The Barks and Peels are of Cinnamon Mace Oranges Limons and Citrons VIII The chief Gums are Frankincense Olibanum Labdanum Styrax liquid Styrax Balsamum Verum Ambergriese Styrax Calamita Benjamin Amber Camphire IX The chief matters of Perfumes taken from Animals are Musk Zibet Cow-dung and other turds X. Of Minerals there is one only which yields a Perfume and that is Antimony CHAP. XLIII Of the Oil of Ben. I. THe little Nut which the Arabians call Ben is the same which the Latins call Nux Vnguentaria and the Greeks Balanos Myrepsta out of which is taken an Oil of great use in the Art of Perfuming II. To make the Oil of Ben. Blanch the Nuts and beat them very carefully in a mortar and sprinkle them with wine put them into an earthen or Iron Pan and heat them hot then put them into a linnen cloth and press them in an Almond press this work repeat till all the Oil is extracted so have you Oil of Ben by expression III. In like manner you may express the Oil out of Citron seeds incomparable for this purpose to extract the scent out of Musk Civit Amber and the like because it will not quickly grow rank yet Oil of the Nut Ben is much better IV. This Oil of Ben hath two properties the one is that having no scent or odour of it self it alters changes or diminishes the scent of any Perfume put into it the other is that it is of a long continuance so that it scarcely ever changeth corrupts or putrifies as other Oils do V. To make a Perfume thereof put the Musk Amber c. in fine powder thereinto which keep in a glass bottle very close stopped for a month or more then use it VI. Or thus Blanch your Nuts and bruise them Almonds may do though not so good and lay them between two rows of Flowers suppose Roses Jasemin c. or other Perfumes when the Flowers have lost their scent and fade remove them adding fresh ones which repeat so long as the Flowers are in season then squeez out the oil and it will be most odoriferous VII Lastly by this last you may draw a sweet scent out of those Flowers out of which you cannot distil any sweet water CHAP. XLI Of sweet Waters I. THe first sweet Water Take Cloves in powder two drachms yellow Sanders Calamus Aromaticus of each one scruple Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum fifteen pound digest four days then distil in an Alembick to this new distilled water put in powder Cloves Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one drachm distil again in Balneo lastly put the water into a glass bottle with Musk and Ambergriese of each ten granis keep it close stopt for use II. The second sweet Water Take Damask Roses exungulated three pound Flowers of Lavender and Spike of each four ounces Clove-gilliflowers and Flowers of Jasemin of each two pound Orange-flowers one pound Citron peels four drachms Cloves two drachms Cinnamon Storax Calamita Benjamin Nutmegs of each two scruples all in powder Aquae Rosarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add of Musk and Ambergriese of each thirty grains III. The third sweet water Take Roses Clove-gilliflowers of each one pound Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Jasemin Majoram Savory Time of each three ounces dry Citron peels one ounce Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each two drachms Nutmegs Mace of each one drachm bruise the Herbs and Spices well digest in the Sun two days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add Musk in powder one scruple IV. The fourth sweet Water Take Cloves Cinnamon of each one drachm Mace Grains Musk Ambergriese Citron peels of each half a scruple Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one scruple Aqua Resarum twelve pound digest fifteen days then distil in Balneo V. The fifth sweet Water Take Rosemary-flower water Orange-flower water of each five pound Ambergriese one scruple digest ten days then distil in Balneo VI. The sixth sweet Water Take Roses two pound Macaleb half a drachm Ambergriese ten grains bruise what is to be bruised digest in sand three days then distil in Balneo VII The seventh sweet Water Take green peels of Oranges and Citrons of each four drachms Cloves half a drachm flowers of Spike six ounces Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo VIII The eighth sweet Water Take of the water at the fifth Section six pound Musk ten grains mix and digest them for use IX The ninth sweet Water Take Aquae Rosarum Aquae Florum de J●semin of each four pound Musk one scruple digest ten days then distil in sand X. The tenth sweet Water Take Dam●sk-rose Musk-roses Orange-flowers of each four pound Cloves two ounces Nutmegs one ounce distil in an Alembick in the nose of which hang Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple tyed up in a rag dipt in bran and the white of an egg mixed XI The eleventh sweet Water called Aqua Nanfa or Naphe Take Aqua Rosarum four pound Orange-flower water two pound waters of sweet Trefoyl Lavender Sweet Majoram of each eight ounces Benjamin two ounces storax

six drachms melt the wax and mix the oils for a Perfume CHAP. L. Of Perfuming Tablets I. TO make red Muskardines or Tablets Dissolve gum Tragacanth in Rose water so that it may be as thick as Gelly wich make into paste with the following composition Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound Cochenele two ounces Musk three drachms all being in fine powder mix them and make tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage of Tragacanth square long round or of what form you please which dry in an Oven out of which bread hath been lately drawn but be sure you dry them till they be as hard as horns II. Another fort of Red Tablets Take of the aforesaid composition one pound Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs Ginger of each two ounces Cochenele one ounce all being in fine powder make into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage and dry as aforesaid III. To make yellow Tablets Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound yellow Sanders four ounces Saffron two ounces or you may dip the Amylum in strong tincture of Saffron and then dry it again Musk four drachms all being in fine powder make the mass into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage adding oil of Cinnamon in drops two drachms dry them carefully in the shade IV. Another sort of yellow Tablets Take Amylum dyed with tincture of Saffron I pound Sugar half a pound Saffron two ounces Nutmegs Cinnamon Ginger of each one ounce Carroways half an ounce Musk three drachms Ambergriese one drachm all in fine powder make into tablets as aforesaid adding oil of Cinnamon two drachms which dry in the shade till they be as hard as Horns V. To make Muscardines or Tablets of any other colour You must make them after the same manner only adding the colour you do intend and in this case we think that it is better that the Amylum be dipt in the tincture and dryed first before you use it Where note that these Tablets when used are to be held in the mouth in which they will dissolve there by cheering the heart reviving the senses comforting the spirits strengthning nature restoring the body and indeed nobly perfuming the breath For them that do not love Musk you may make them without using instead thereof so much the more oil of Roses or Cinnamon CHAP. LI. Of making Pomanders for Bracelets I. THe first sort Take Orrice powder Cloves Mace Cinnamon of each half an ounce yellow Sanders Styrax sweet Assa of each two drachms Ambergriese Musk of each one drachm Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each one scruple Civet two drachms all being in fine powder except the Balsam and Oil mix together and make into paste with mucilage aforesaid of which form Beads drying them in the shade for use II. The second sort Take Storax Labdanum one drachm and a half Benjamin one drachm Cloves Mace Spicknard Geranium Moschatum of each ten grains Musk Ambergriese of each six grains with mucilage make a Pomander for Bracelets III. The third sort Take Damask Rose leaves exungulated two ounces beat them impalpable Musk Ambergriese of each two scruples Civet one scruple Labdanum one drachm with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose-water aforesaid make a Pomander for Bracelets IV. The fourth sort Take Storax Benjamin of each an ounce and a half Musk two drachms oil of Cinnamon one drachm with Mucilage aforesaid make a paste of Pomander very excellent CHAP. LII Of Perfuming Wash-balls I. TO make Barbers Wash-balls Take purified Venetian Soap six ounces Macaleb four ounces Ireos Amylum of each seven ounces Cloves two ounces Labdanum Anniseeds of each one ounce Nutmegs Majoram Cypress powder Geranium Moschatum Camphire of each half an ounce Storax liquida half a drachm Musk ten grains all being in fine powder with a little fine Sugar beat all in a mortar and make them up into Wash-balls II. To do the same another way Take of the said Soap two pound juice of Macaleb two ounces Cloves Orrice of each three ounces Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce all being in fine powder mix with the Soap of which make balls drying them in the shadow III. To make Balls of white Soap Take of white Soap five pound Iris four ounces Amylum white Sanders of each three ounces Storax one ounce all in powder steep in Musk water of which make paste for Wash-balls IV. Another sort very good Take of white Soap four pound Orrice six ounces Macaleb three ounces Cloves two ounces all in powder mix with the Soap with a little oil of Spike Rhodium or the like of which make Balls V. Another way to make them of Goats fat Make a strong Lixivium of Pot-ashes as that a new laid egg will swim thereupon which boil with Citron peels take of this Lye twenty pound Goats fat two pound boil it for an hour then strain it through a linnen cloth into broad platters of fair water exposing it to the Sun mix it often every day till it begins to grow hard of which you may form balls which you may perfume with Musk half a drachm Civet one scruple oil of Cinnamon ten grains VI. To purifie Venetian Soap Cut it small to which put some Rose water or other perfuming water boil them a while then strain it and it will be sweet and good then take off the Soap which swims a top with a spoon and lay it upon a tyle and it will presently be dry being white free from filth and unctuosity VII Another way to do the same Grate the Soap and dry it in the Sun or an Oven powder and sierce it then moisten it with some sweet water or oil of Spike which dry again in the shadow and keep it for use CHAP. LIII Of Perfuming Soaps I. TO make white musked Soap Take white Soap purified as aforesaid three pound Milk of Macaleb one ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains mix them and make all into thick Cakes or rouls II. Another kind of sweet Soap Take of the oldest Venice Soap which scrape and dry three days in the Sun purifying it as aforesaid two pound Ireos Amylum of each six ounces Storaxliquida two ounces mix them well whilest hot which put into pans to form Cakes III. To make soft Soap of Naples Take of Lixivium of Pot-ashes so strong as to bear an egg sixteen pound Deers Suet two pound set them upon the fire to simper put all into a glased vessel with a large bottom set it in the Sun for a while stirring it five or six times a day with a stick till it wax hard like paste Then take of this paste to which put Musked Rose water keep it eight days in the Sun stirring it as aforesaid so long as it may be neither too hard nor too soft then put it up in boxes or pots IV. To make the same Soap musked Put to the said Soap Rose water two pound fine musk in powder half a drachm then mix the said water as before V. Another exquisite

Soap Take of the aforesaid Lixivium or oil of Tartar per deliquium twelve pound oil Olive three pound mix them Amylum two pound Roman Vitriol one ounce in powder Glair of eggs two ounces put all together and stir continually for four hours time then let it stand the space of a day and it is done You may perfume it as before this makes the hair fair VI. Another exceeding the former Take Crown-soap Vine-ashes of each one pound make it into Cakes with powder of Roch Alom and Tartar of each alike which you may perfume at pleasure VII To get the juice or milk of Macaleb Take the sweet and odoriferous grains of Macaleb which beat in a mortar with Rose water or some perfuming water till it becomes like pap then press out the juice or milk which use within two or three days lest it spoil CHAP. LIV. Of Burning Perfumes I. TO make perfumed lights Take Olibanum two ounces Camphire one ounce beat them into powder of which make with wax balls or rouls which put into a glass lamp with Rose water and lighted with a candle will give a fair light and a very good scent II. Another for a Lamp Take sweet oil Olive one pound Benjamin Storax in powder one ounce Musk Ambergriese of each one scruple mix all with the oil which put into a lamp to burn and the oil will yield a fragrant odour III. To make perfumed Candles Take Labdanum Myrrh Xyloaloes Styrax calamita of each one ounce and a half Willow Charcoal one ounce Ambergriese Musk of each ten grains make them into paste with mucilage of Gum Tragacamb in Rose water which make into rouls like Candles and dry for use IV. A perfume to smoak and burn Take Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce Benjamin Cloves Mace of each half an ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains all in fine powder make up into cakes with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose water which dry and keep among your cloaths which when occasion requires you may burn in a chafing-dish of coals V. Another smoaking perfume to burn Take Labdanum two drachms Storax one drachm Benjamin Frankincense white Amber Xylo-aloes of each two scruples Ambergriese Musk of each five grains make all into Cakes as aforesaid VI. Another very excellent Take Storax Benjamin of each one ounce wood of Aloes half an ounce Ambergriese Musk Civet Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each two scruples Ivory burnt black a sufficient quantity powder what is to be powdred and mix all together which make into a paste with the Ivory black and the mucilage aforesaid make little cakes and dry them which keep in glasses close stopt for use VII Another very good but of less cost Take Olibanum one pound Storax Calamita and Liquida of each eight ounces Labdanum six ounces Willow charcoal a sufficient quantity with mucilage of Tragacanth make a paste as aforesaid CHAP. LV. Of Animal and Mineral Perfumes I. THe Animal Perfume of Paracelsus Take Cow-dung in the month of May or June and distil it in Balneo and the water thereof will be an excellent perfume and have the scent of Ambergriese See our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 75. Sect. 5. II. Lard muskified a great perfume Take hogs lard very pure one drachm Musk Civet of each half a drachm mix them well for boxes III. The Mineral Perfume of Antimony Dissolve Antimony in oil of Flints Crystal or Sand coagulate the solution into a red mass put thereon Spirit of Wine and digest till the Spirit is tinged pour it off and put on more till all the tincture is extracted put all the tinctures together and evaporate the Spirit of Urine in Balneo and there will remain a blood-red liquor at bottom upon which put Spirit of Wine and you shall extract a very pure tincture smelling like Garlick digest it a month and it will smell like Balm digest it a while longer and it will smell like Musk or Ambergriese Besides being a perfume it is an excellent sudorifick and cures the Plague Feavers Lues Venerea c. IV. After the same manner you may make as substantial a perfume of Sulphur or Brimstone The making of the oil of Flints we have taught at the seven and fiftieth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of the third Book CHAP. LVI Of the Adulteration of Musk Civet and Ambergriese BY reason that these choice Perfumes are often adulterated or counterfeited we shall do our endeavour to discover the cheat lest any being deceived thereby should suffer loss I. Musk is often adulterated by mixing Nutmegs Mace Cinnamon Cloves Spicknard of each alike in a fine or impalpable powder with warm blood of Pidgeons and then dryed in the Sun then beaten again and moistened with Musk water drying and repeating the same work eight or ten times adding at last a quarter part of pure Musk by moistening and mixing with Musk water then dividing the mass into several parts and rouling them in the hair of a goat which grows under his tail II. Others adulterate it thus By filling the Musk cods with Goats blood and a little toasted bread mixed with a quarter part of Musk well beaten together The cheat is discerned by the brightness of the Goats blood III. Or thus Take Storax Labdanum powder of Xylo-aloes of each four ounces Musk and Civet of each half an ounce mix all together with Rose water The cheat is discerned by its easie dissolving in water and its different colour and scent IV. Or thus Take Goats blood powder of Angelica roots Musk of each alike make a mixture V. To adulterate Civet Mix with it the Gall of an Oxe and Storax liquefied and washed or you may adulterate it by the addition of Honey of Crete VI. To restore the lost scent to Musk or Ambergriese This is done by hanging it some time in a Jakes or house of Office for by these ill scents its innate vertue and odour is excited and revived CHAP. LVII Of the way of Perfuming Cloth Skins Gloves and the like I. TO Perfume Skins or Gloves Put a little Civet thereon here and there if Gloves along the seams then wash in Rose or musked water four or five times or so long as that they savour no more of the leather pressing them hard every time then lay them in a platter covered with the said water mixed with powder of Cypress a day or two take them out press them and dry them in the shadow being half dry besmear them a little with Civet mix'd with oil of Jasemin or Ben on the inward side chafing them with your hands before a fire till you think that the Civet hath pierced or gone through the leather leaving them so a day or more then rub with a Cloth that the Gloves or Leather may grow soft leaving them so till they are almost dry being drawn and stretched out then hold them over some burning Perfume to dry and wetting them again with Musk water do thus

twenty times lastly take Musk and Ambergriese a sufficient quantity which mix with oil of Jasemin Benjamin or Ben dissolve at the fire with a little perfumed water with which with a pencil strike the Gloves or Leather over on the outside besmearing the seams with Civet lasty lay them for six or eight days between two mattresses so will the Skins or Gloves ●e excellently perfumed II. Another way very excellent Take three pints of Wine Sheeps suet or fat one pound boil them together in a vessel close covered this done wash the Griese six or seven times well with fair water then boil it again in White-wine and Rose water of each one pound and a half with a small fire till the half be consumed then take the said griese to which put pulp of sweet Navews roasted half a pound boil all in Rose water half an hour then strain it and beat it in a mortar with a little oil of Jas●min and Musk with which besmear your Gloves after due washing as aforesaid rubbing it well in by the fire III. Another way for Gloves Wash new Corduban Gloves wash them well three or four days once a day in good White-wine pressing and smoothing them well lastly wash them in musked water letting them lye therein for a day then dry them with care This done steep Musk Amber Bazil of each one drachm in a quart of sweet water in which dissolve gum Tragacanth three drachms boil all gently together and in the boiling add Zibet one scruple with which besmear the Gloves rubbing and chafing it in then drying them according to Art IV. Or thus First wash the Gloves or Skins in white-wine then dry them in the shade then wash them in sweet water mixed with oil of Cloves and Labdanum of each alike lastly take Musk Civet Ambergriese of each the quantity of six grains oil of Musk half a drachm mucilage of gum Tragacanth fifteen grains mix them well together in a mortar which chafe into the wash'd Gloves before the fire V. Cloths Linnen or Woolen Coffers Trunks and the like are best perfumed with little cost with the ●●oak of burning Perfumes CHAP. LVIII Of making various sorts of Ink. I. TO make good black writing Ink. Take ponderous galls three ounces in powder White-wine or in place thereof rain water which is better three pound infuse them in the Sun or in a gentle heat two days then take Roman Vitriol well coloured and powdred which put therein and set all in the Sun for two days more shake all together to which add of good gum Arabick in little bits one ounce with a little white Sugar which dissolve over a gentle fire II. To make red writing Ink. Take Raspins of Brazil one ounce white lead Alom of each two drachms grind and mingle them infuse them in Urine one pound with gum Arabick eight scruples III. Another way to make red Ink. Take Wine-vinegar two pound Raspings of Brazil two ounces Alom half an ounce infuse all ten days then gently boil to which add gum Arabick five drachms dissolve the Gum strain and keep it for use IV. To make green Ink to write with Make fine Verdigriese into paste with strong Vinegar and infusion of green galls in which a little gum Arabick hath been dissolved let it dry and when you would write with it temper it with infusion of green Galls aforesaid V. Another way to make green Ink to write with Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar then strain it and grind it with a little honey and mucilage of gum Tragacanth upon a porphyry stone VI. To make blew Ink to write with Grind Indico with honey mixed with glair of eggs or glew water made of Ising lass dissolved in water and strained VII To make red writing Ink of Vermilion Grind Vermilion well upon a porphyry stone with common water dry it and put it into a glass vessel to which put Urine shake all together let it settle then pour off the Urine and putting on more Urine repeat this work eight or ten times so will the Vermilion be well cleansed to which put glair of Eggs to swim on it above a fingers breadth stir them together and setling abstract the glair then put on more glair of eggs repeating the same work eight or ten times also to take away the scent of the Urine lastly mix it with fresh glair and keep it in a glass vessel close stop'd for use When you use it mix it with water or vinegar VIII To make Printers black This is made by mingling Lamp black with liquid Varnish and boiling it a little which you may make thick at pleasure You must make it moister in winter than in Summer and note that the thicker Ink makes the fairer letter If it be too thick you must put in more Linseed oil or oil of Walnuts so may you make it thicker or thinner at pleasure IX To make red Printing Ink. Grind Vermilion very well with the aforesaid liquid Varnish or Linseed oil X. To make green Printing Ink. Grind Spanish green with the said Varnish or Linseed oil as aforesaid And after the same manner may you make Printers blew by grinding Azure with the said Linseed oil CHAP. LIX Of making Sealing Wax I. To make red Sealing Wax Take white Bees wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Vermilion in powder well ground oil Olive of each one ounce melt the wax and Turpentine let it cool a little then add the rest beating them well together II. To do the same otherwise This is done by taking away the Vermilion and adding instead thereof red Lead three ounces to the former things III. To make green Wax Take Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Verdigriese ground Oil Olive of each one ounce complete the work by the first Section IV. To make black Wax Take Bees Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces black earth Oil Olive of each one ounce mix and make Wax as aforesaid V. To make Wax perfumed This is done by mixing with the Oil Olive aforesaid Musk Ambergriese or any other eminent Perfume as oil of Cinnamon adeps Rosarum or the like one drachm more or less according as you intend to have its scent extended VI. After the same manner you may make Scaling wax of all colours having what scent you please by mixing the scent intended with the Oil Olive and putting the colour in in place of the Vermilion CHAP. LX. Of the various ways of making Artificial Pearls I. THe first Way Dissolve mother of Pearl in spirit of Vinegar then precipitate it with oil of Sulphur per Campanum not with Oleum Tartari for that takes away the splendor which adds a lustre to it dry the precipitate and mix it with whites of eggs of which mass you may make Pearls of what largeness you please which before they be dry bore through with a silver Wire so will you have pearls scarcely to be discerned from those which are truly natural II. The second way Take Chalk

well dissolved and mixed which will be in about half a quarter of an hour then cooling it a little pouring it into a basin of fair water all except the dregs and with your hands wet before it is cold form it into rouls VI. To make the prepared Oyl Take Oyl Olive make it hot in an Earthen pot and put into it a sufficient quantity of tried sheeps suet so much as being dropped upon a cold thing the oyl may be a little hardened and firm boil them together for an hour till they be of a reddish colour lest they should separate when you use them This mixture is to make the fat more liquid and not cool so fast for the fat alone would be no sooner on the pencil but it would grow cold and be sure to put in more oyl in Winter than in Summer VII To make the Aqua fortis Take distilled White-wine Vinegar three pints Sal Armoniack Bay-falt of each six ounces Vertegriese four ounces Put all together into a large well glazed earthen pot that they may not bo● over cover the pot close and put it on a quick fire and let it speedily boil two or three great walms and no more when it is ready to boil uncover the pot and stir it sometimes with a stick taking heed that it boil not over having boiled take it from the fire and let it cool being close covered and when it is cold put it into a glass bottle with a glass stopple If it be too strong in Etching weaken it with a glass or two of the same Vinegar you made it of There is another sort of Aqua fortis which is called Common which is exhibited in Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 7. sect 4. pag. 656. But because that Book may not be in every mans hand we will here insert it it is thus Take dried Vitriol two pound Salt-peter one pound mix them and distil by a Retort in open fire by degrees VIII To make the Etching Needles Chose Needles of several sizes such as will break without bending and of a fine grain then take good round sticks of firm wood not apt to split about six inches long and as thick as a large Goose quill at the ends of which fix your Needles so that they may stand out of the sticks about a quarter of an inch or something more IX To whet the points of the Needles with the Oylstone If you would have them whetted round you must whet their points short upon the oyl stone not as sowing Needls are turning them round whilst you whet them as Turners do If you whet them sloping first make them blunt upon the oyl stone then holding them firm and steady whet them sloping upon one side only till they come to a short and roundish oval X. The Brush pencil is to cleanse the work wipe off dust and to strike the Colours eaven over the ground or varnish when laid upon the Plate XI The burnisher is a well hardened piece of steel somewhat roundish at the end Its uses are what we have spoken at the sixth Section of the first Chapter and the third Section of the second Chapter XII To make the Frame and Trough The Frame is an entire board about whose top and sides is fastned a ledge two Inches broad to keep the Aqua fortis from running off from the sides when you pour it on the lower end of this board must be placed in the Trough leaning sloping against a wall or some other thing wherein you must fix several pegs of wood to rest the plate upon The Trough is made of a firm piece of Elm or Oak set upon four legs whose hollow is four Inches wide and so long as may best fit your use the hollow must be something deeper in the middle that the water running thither may fall through a hole there made for that purpose into an earthen pan well leaded The inside of this board and trough must be covered over with a thick oyl colour to hinder the Aqua fortis from eating or rotting the board CHAP. VIII The way and manner of using the hard Varnish I. HAving well heat the polished Plate over a chafing-dish of coals take some of the first varnish with a little stick and put a drop of it on the top of your finger with which lightly touch the Plate at equal distances laying on the varnish equally and heating the plate again as it grows cold keeping it carefully from dust or filth then with the ball of your thumb tap it upon the plate still wiping your hand over all to make it more smooth and equal And here beware that neither the varnish be too thick upon the plate nor your hand sweaty II. Then take a great lighted candle burning clear with a short snuff placing the corner of the plate against a wall hold the varnished side downward over the candle as close as you can so it touch not the Varnish guiding the flame all over till it is all perfectly black which you must keep from dust or filth till it is dry III. Over a fire of Charcoals hang the varnished plate to dry with the varnish upwards which will smoak when the smoak abates take away the plate and with a pointed stick scratch near the side thereof and if the varnish easily comes off hang it over the fire again a little so long till the Varnish will not too easily come off then take it from the fire and let it cool If the varnish should be too hard cast cold water on the back-side of the plate to cool it that the heat may not make it too hard and brittle This done IV. Place it upon a low desk or some such like thing and cover that part which you do not work on with a sheet of fine white paper and over that a sheet of brown paper on which may rest your hand to keep it from the varnish V. If you use a ruler lay some part of it upon the paper that it may not rub off the varnish and have an especial care that no dust or filth get in between the paper and the varnish for that will hurt it CHAP. IX The way and manner of Etching I. IN making lines or hatches some bigger some lesser straight or crooked you must use several sorts of needles bigger or lesser as the work requires II. The great lines are made by leaning hard on the needle its point being short and thick but a round point will not cut the varnish clear or by making divers lines or hatches one very close to another and then by passing over them again with a thicker needle or by making them with an indifferent large needle and letting the Aqua fortis lie the longer thereon The best needles for this work are such as are whet sloping with an oval because their sides will cut that which the round ones will not III. If your lines or hatches ought to be of an equal thickness from end

to end lean on the needle with an equal force leaning lightly where you would have the lines or stroaks fine or small and more heavy where you would have the line appear deep or large thereby the needle may have some Impression in the Copper IV. If your lines or hatches be too small pass over them again with a short round point of such a bigness as you would have the line of leaning strongly where you would have the line deep V. The manner of holding the needle with Oval points which are most proper to make large and deep stroaks is much like that of a pen only the flat side whetted is usually held towards the thumb but they may be used with the face of the Oval turned toward the middle finger VI. If you would end with a fine stroak you ought to do that with a very fine needle VII In using the Oval points hold them as upright and straight in your hand as you can striking your stroaks firmly and freely for that will add much to their beauty and clearness VIII In Landskips in places farthest from the sight as also nearest the light use a very stender point leaning so lightly with your hand as to make a small faint stroak IX In working be careful to brush off all the dust which you work off with the needles CHAP X. Of using the Aqua fortis I. IF there be any stroaks which you would not have the Aqua fortis eat into or any places where the varnish is rubbed off melt some prepared Oyl and with a pencil cover those places pretty thick II. Then take a brush pencil or rag and dip it in the prepared oyl and rub the back side of the plate all over that the Aqua fortis may not hurt it if by chance any should fall thereon III. Before you put the Aqua fortis to the plate gently warm or dry the plate by a fire to dry up the humidity which it might contract by reason of the Air and to prevent the breaking up the Varnish upon the first pouring the Aqua fortis thereon IV. Place the plate by the 12th Section of the 7th Chapter of this book and with the Aqua fortis in an Earthen pot pour upon the plate begiming at the top so moving your hand that it may run all over the plate which do for eight or ten times then turn it corner-wise and pour the Aqua fortis on it that way ten or twelve times and then turn it again corner-wise the other way pouring on the Aqua fortis eight or ten times as before doing thus several times for the space of half a quarter of an hour or more according to the strength of the water and nature of the Copper For there must be less time allowed to hard and brittle Copper for pouring on the Aqua fortis but more to the soft V. But you must have special regard to cast on the Aqua fortis as occasion shall require and work is casting it on at several times and on several places where you would have it very deep often where less deep fewer times where light less yet where lighter lesser yet and where so light as it can scarcely be seen once or twice wash it with water and cover it where you would have it lighter VI. Having thus covered your plates as occasion requires for the second time place the plate on the frame as aforesaid and pour on it your Aqua fortis for a full half hour VII Then wash it with water and dry it covering the places which require lightness or faintness that they may be proportionable to the design then pour on the Aqua fortis for the last time more or less according to the nature of your work and the deepnses that it requires VIII You may rub off the varnish or ground as occasion in your work requires with a Charcoal to see whether the water hath eaten deep enough by which you may judge of the space of time that you are after to employ in pouring on the Aqua fortis in the works you will have to do which if the shadows require much depth or ought to be very black the water ought to be poured on at the least time for an hour or better yet know no certain rule of time can be limited for this CHAP. XI Of Finishing the Work I. ALL the former operations being done wash the Plate with fair water and put it wet upon the fire till the mixture be well melted and then wipe it very clean on both sides with a linnen cloth till you have cleansed it of all the mixture II. Take Charcoal of Willow take off the rind of it and putting fair water on the plate rub it with the Charcoal as if you were to polish it and it will take off the varnish Where note that the Coal must be free from all knots and roughness and that no sand or filth fall upon the plate III. Take ordinary Aqua fortis to which add two third parts of water and with some linnen rags dipped therein rub the Plate all over so will you take away its discolouring and recover its former beauty IV. Then take dry linnen rags and wipe the plate so as to take off all the aforesaid water and then holding it a little to the fire put upon it a little oyl olive and with a piece of an old Beaver rolled up rub the plate well all over and lastly wipe it well with a dry cloth V. Then if any places need touching with the Graver as sometimes it happens especially where it is to be very deep or black perfect them with care which done the plate is ready for the Rolling Press CHAP. XII The way of using the soft Varnish THE Plate being prepared by cleansing it with a Charcoal and clean water wash it well and dry it then with fine white Chalk scraped and a fine rag rub it well over not touching it with your fingers II. Lay down your plate over a Chafing-dish of small coal yet so as the fire may have air then take the Ground or soft Varnish it being tyed up in a fine rag and rub it up and down the Copper so as it may sufficiently cover it not too thin nor too thick then take a feather and smooth it as well as possibly you can all one way and then cross it till it lie very well But you must take heed that the Plate be not too hot for if it lie till the Ground smoak the moisture will be dried up and that will spoil the work and make the Ground break or fly up III. Then grind some white Lead with Gum water so that it may be of a convenient thickness to spread on the Copper and with a large pencil or small brush strike the Plate cross over twice or thrice till it is smooth and then with a larger brush made of Squirrels tails gently smooth the white and then let it lie till it is drie IV.

Or you may black the Varnish with a candle as we taught at the second Section of the eighth Chapter and then warm it over the fire till the varnish begin to melt CHAP. XIII The way of Etching upon the soft Varnish I. THE way of Etching is the same with that in the hard Varnish only you must be careful not to hurt your varnish which you may do by placing on the sides of your plate two little boards and laying cross over them another thin one so as that it may not touch the plate on which you must rest your hand whilst you work II. Then place the plate on a Desk if you so please for by that means the superfluous matter will fall away of it self III. But if you have any design to transfer upon the plate from any Copy or Print scrape on the backside thereof some red Chalk all over then go over that by scraping some soft Charcoal till it mingle with the Chalk and with a large stiff pencil rub it all over till it be fine and eaven and so lay down the design upon the plate with a blunt Needle draw over the out stroaks and as you work you need not scratch hard into the Copper only so as you may see the Needle go through the Varnish to the Copper IV. Always be sure when you leave the work to wrap the Plate up in Paper to keep it from hurt and corrupting in the air which may drie the varnish and in Winter time wrap the Plate up in a piece of wollen as well as paper for if the frost get to it it will cause the Varnish to rise from the Copper in the eating An inconveniency also will accrew by letting the Varnish lie too long upon the Plate before the work is finished for three or four months will consume the moisture and so spoil all V. The marking of the design upon the soft varnish is best done with black Lead or Chalk if the ground is white but with red Chalk if the ground is black VI. Having graved what you intend upon the varnish take some fair water a little warm and cast it upon the plate and then with a soft clean Sponge rub upon the white Lead to moisten it all over and then wash the plate to take away the whiting and drie it VII Or lastly with Aqua fortis mixed with fair water wash it all over and by this means you may take away the whiting which then wash with common water and drie it and thus have you the plate prepared for the Aquafortis CHAP. XIV Of using the Aqua fortis and finishing the work I. PUt soft Wax red or green round the brims of the Plate and let it be raised above the varnish about half a Barley corns length so that placing the plate level the water being poured upon the Plate may by this means be retained This done II. Take common Aqua fortis six ounces Common water two ounces mix them and pour it gently upon the plate so that it may cover it fully all over so will the stronger hatchings be full of bubbles while the fainter will appear clear for a while not making any sudden operations to the view III. When you perceive the water to operate a small time pour it off into a glazed carthen dish and throw fair water upon the Plate to wash away the Aqua fortis then drie the plate and where you would have the Cut to be faint tender or sweet cover it with the prepared Oil and then cover the Plate again with Aqua fortis as before leaving it on for eight or ten minutes or longer then put off the Aqua fortis as before washing and drying the Plate and covering with the prepared Oyl other places which you would not have so deep as the rest Lastly put on the Aqua fortis again for the space of half an hour more or less and then pour it off washing the plate with fair water as before As you would have your lines or strokes to be deeper and deeper so cover the sweeter or fainter parts by degrees with the prepared oyl that the Aqua fortis may lie the longer on the deep stroaks Then IV. Take off the border of Wax and heat the plate so that the oyl and varnish may throughly melt which wipe away well with a linnen cloth then rub the plate over with oyl Olive and a piece of an old beaver roll'd up which done touch it with the Graver where need is V. But if any thing be at last forgotten then rub the plate aforesaid with crums of bread so well that no filth or oyl remain upon the Plate VI. Then heat the plate upon a Charcoal fire and spread the soft varnish with a feather upon it as before so that the hatchings may be filled with varnish black it and then touch it over again or add what you intend VII Let your hatchings be made by means of the Needles according as the manner of the work shall require being careful before you put on the Aqua fortis to cover the first graving on the Plate with the prepared Oyl lest the Varnish should not have covered all over then cause the Aqua fortis to eat into the work and lastly cleanse the Plate as before CHAP. XV. Of Limning and the Materials thereof I. LImming is an Art whereby in water Colours we strive to resemble Nature in every thing to the life II. The Instruments and Materials thereof are chiefly these 1. Gums 2. Colours 3. Liquid Gold and Silver 4. The Grindstone and Muller 5. Pencils 6. Tables to Limn in 7. Little glass or China dishes III. The Gums are chiefly these four Gum Arabick Gum Lake Gum Hedera Gum Armoniack IV. The principal Colours are these seven White Black Red Green Yellow Blew Brown out of which are made mixt or compound Colours V. The Liquid Gold and Silver is either natural or artificial The natural is that which is produced of the Metals themselves the Artificial is that which is formed of other colours VI. The Grinding stone Muller Pencils Tables and Shells or little China dishes are only the necessary instruments and attendants which belong to the practice of Limning CHAP. XVI Of the Gumms and their Vse I. THe chief of all is Gum-Arabick that which is white clear and brittle the Gum-water of it is made thus Take Gum-Arabick bruise it and tie it up in a fine clean linnen cloath and put it into a convenient quantity of pure spring-water in a glass or earthen vessel letting the Gum remain there till it is dissolved which done if the water is not stiff enough put more Gum into the cloath but if too stiff add more water of which Gum-water have two sorts by you the one strong the other weak of which you may make a third at pleasure But if you be where Gum-Arabick is not to be got you may instead of that use the preparation of sheeps leather or parchment following Take

Take Verdigriese ground finely one ounce put to it a good quantity of common varnish and so much oyl of Turpentine as will make it thin enough to work withal it is a good green And Verdigriese Alom of each one Drachm Logwood three Drachms boiled in Vinegar make a good Murry VII Gambogia Dissolve it in fair spring water and it will make a beautiful and transparent yellow if you would have it stronger dissolve some Alom therein it is good for Silk Linnen white Leather Parchment Vellom Paper Quills c. VIII To make Verdigriefe and Ceruse according to Glauber These colours are made with Vinegar in earthen pots set into hot horse dung but if you dissolve your Venus or Saturn with spirit of Nitre and precipitate your Venus with a lye made of Salt of Tartar and your Saturn with Salt water edulcorating and drying them the Venus will yield an excellent Verdigriese which will not corrode other colours as the common Verdigriese doth and the Saturn yields a Ceruse whiter and purer than the ordinary much better for Painting or Chirurgery IX Yellow Fustick benry Boil it in water or sleep them in Alom water it makes a good yellow for the same purpose X. Turnsole Put it into sharp Vinegar over a gentle fire till the Vinegar boil and is coloured then take out the Turnsole and squeeze it into the Vinegar in which dissolve a little gum Arabick it shadows very well on a Carnation or yellow XI Litmos Cut it into small pieces and steep it a day or two in weak gum Lake water and you will have a pure blew water to wash with XII Flory Blew Grind it with Glair of Eggs if then you add a little Rosset it makes a light Violet Blew mixed with White and Red Lead it makes a Crane feather Colour XIII Saffron Steeped in Vinegar and mixed with gum water is a good Yellow CHAP. XXI Of Compounded Colours for Washing ORange Colour Red Lead and Yellow berries make a good Orange Colour or thus take Arnotto half an ounce Pot ashes one Drachm water one pound boil it half away then strain it and use it hot It is good for white leather paper vellom quills parchment c. II. Green Take distilled vinegar filings of Copper digest till the vinegar is blew which let stand in the Sun ora slow fire till it is thick enough and it will be a good green Or thus Take Cedar green which is best of all or instead thereof green Bice steep it in Vinegar and strain it then grind it well with fair water and put to it a little honey and dry it well when you use it mix it with gum water III. To make fine Indico Take the blossoms of Wode three ounces Amylum one ounce grind them with Urine and strong vinegar of which make a Cake then dry it in the Sun and so keep it for use IV. A Blew to wash upon paper Take of the best azure an ounce Kermes two ounces mix them which temper with clear gum water and it will be a glorious Colour V. To make a Venice Blew Take quick lime make it into past with strong vinegar half an hour after put thereto more vinegar to soften it then add Indico in fine powder one ounce mix them and digest it in horse dung for thirty or forty days VI. Another excellent Blew Mix fine white Chalk with juice of elder berries full ripe to which put a little Alom water VII To make blew Smalt Take fluxible sand Sal Nitre and Cobalt mix them together VIII A lively yellow Dissolve orpiment in gum water to which put a little ground Vermilion grind them together and you shall have a very lively colour IX A light green Take Juice of Rew Verdigriese and Saffron grand them well together and use them with gum water Or thus Take sap green flower de bice or tawny green which steep in water Verditure and Ceruse mixe with a little copper green make a good light colour X. Blew Ultramine blew bice smalt and Verditure ground singly with gum water or together make a good blew XI Brown Ceruse red lead English Oker and pink make a good brown XII Spanish Brown To colour any horse dog or the like you must not calcine it yet not calcined it is a dirty colour but to shadow Vermilion or lay upon any dark ground behind a picture to shade berries in the darkest places or to colour wooden posts wainscot bodies of trees and the like it is very good being burnt XIII Flesh colour Mix white Indian lake and red lead according as you would have it light or deep and to distinguish a mans flesh from a womans mingle with it a little Oker XIV Colours of Stones Verdigriese with Varnish makes an Emerald with Florence lake a Ruby with Ultramanine a Saphyr XV. A never fading green Take juice of flowers of Flowerdeluce put it into Gum water and dry it in the Sun CHAP. XXII Of mixing Colours and shadowing I. IN mixing be careful not to make the colour too sad nor take the pencils out of one colour and put them into another II. In mixing colours stir them well about the water severally till they are well mixed then put them together making the colour sadder or lighter at pleasure III. Green is shadowed with Indico and yellow berries IV. Blew is shadowed with Indico Litmose and flory or any of them being steeped in lees of Soap ashes and used with gum water V. Garments are shadowed with their own proper colours or you may mingle the colour with white for the light and shadow it with the same colour unmingled or you may take the thinnest of the colour for the light and shadow with the thickest or bottom of the same VI. Sap green is only used to shadow other greens with and not to be laid for a ground in any garment VII Lake ought not to be shaded with any colour for it is a dark red but for variety you may shadow it with Bice or blew Verditure which will make it like changeable Taffata VIII The shadow for Yellow Berries is Umber but for beauties sake with red Lead and the darkest touches with Spanish brown and for variety with Copper green blew Bice or Verditure IX White sets off blews and blacks very well Red sets off well with yellows Yellow with reds sad blews browns greens and purples X. Blew sets off well with yellows reds whites browns and blacks and Green sets off well with purples and reds CHAP. XXIII Of Colours for Landskips I. GReen mixed with white pink bice masticot smalt indico or ceruse or blew verditure mixt with a few yellow berries makes a good green for Landskips II. For the saddest hills use umber burnt for the lightest places put yellow to the burnt umber for other hills lay copper green thickened on the fire or in the Sun for the next hills further off mix yellow berries with copper green let the fourth part be done with

encreased so the purple colour shall be either lighter or deeper XIV A few Grains of Cochenele being mixed with the Lixivium of Quicklime in a due proportion makes a fading purple colour of the greatest glory imaginable in the world XV. The juice of privet berries with spirit of salt is turned into a lovely red but with a strong solution of pot ashes into a delightful green XVI Upon things red by nature as syrup of Clove-gilliflowers juice of Buckthorn berries infusion of red roses Brazil c. Spirit of Salt makes no considerable change but rather a lighter red but other salts turn them into a greenish especially juice of buckthorn berries XVII Juice of Jasmin and snow drops by a strong alcalizate solution was although of no colour turned into a deep greenish yellow XVIII Buckthorn berries being gathered green and dried are called sap-berries which being infused in Alom water gives a fair yellow which is used by Book-binders for the edges of their books and to colour leather also being gathered when they are black they are called sap green and make a green colour being put into a brass or copper vessel for three or four days or a little heated upon the fire and mixed with Alom in powder and pressed forth so put into bladders hanging it up till it is dry And being gathered about the end of November when they are ready to drop they yield a purplish colour XIX Tincture of Cochenele diluted never so much with fair water will never yield a yellow colour a single drop of a deep solution in spirit of Urine diluted in an ounce of fair water makes a fair pink or carnation XX. Oyl or spirit of Turpentine digested with pure white Sugar of lead yields in a short time a high red tincture which Chymists call Balsamum Saturni XXI Spirit of Salt dropt into a strong infusion of Cochenele or juice of black cherries makes immediately a fair red but dropt into the Infusion of Brazil a kind of yellow so the filtrated tincture of Balaustins mixed with good spirit of Urine or the like turns of a darkish green but with spirit of salt a high redness like rich Claret wine which glorious colour may in a moment be destroyed and turned into a dirty green by spirit of Urine XXII A high Infusion of Lignum Nephriticum mixed with spirit of Urine gives so deep a blew as to make the liquor opacous which after a day or two vanishes and leaves the liquor of a bright amber colour Where note that instead of Spirit of Vrine you may use oyl of Tartar or a strong solution of pot ashes XXIII Infusion of Logwood in fair water mixt with spirit of Sal Armoniack straight turns into a deep rich lovely purple two or three drops to a spoonsul is enough lest the colour be so deep as to be opacous XXIV Spirit of Sal Armoniack will turn syrup of Violets to a lovely green XXV Infusion of Litmoss in fair water gives in a clear glass a purple colour but by addition of spirit of Salt it will be wholly changed into a glorious yellow XXVI The Infusions and juices of several plants will be much altered by a solution of Lead in spirit of Vinegar it will turn infusion of red rose leaves into a sad green XXVII So Tincture of red roses in fair water would be turned into a thick green with the solution of Minium in spirit of Vinegar and then with the addition of oyl of Vitriol the resolved Lead would precipitate white leaving the liquor of a clear high red colour again XXVIII We have not yet found that to exhibit strong variety of colours there need be imployed any more than these five White Black Red Blew Yellow for these being variously compounded and decompounded exhibit a variety and number of colours such as those who are strangers to painting can hardly imagine XXIX So Black and White variously mixed make a vast company of light and deep Grays Blew and Yellow many Greens Red and Yellow Orange-tawnies Red and White Carnations Red and Blew Purples c. producing many colours for which we want names XXX Acid salts destroy a blew Colour Sulphurous Urinous or fixed restore it XXXI Acid and Alcalizate salts with many bodies that abound with Sulphureous or oyly parts will produce a red as is manifest in the Tincture of Sulphur made with Lixioiums of Calcined Tartar or pot ashes XXXII Lastly it may be worth tryal since it hath succeeded in some experiments so to take away the colour of a Liquor as that it may be colourless which in what we have tryed was thus first by putting into the Tincture Liquor or juice a quantity of the solution of pot ashes or oyl of Tartar per deliquium and then affusing a good or strong solution of Alom which in our observations precipitated the tinging matter or gathered it into one body like as it were curds and so left the Liquor transparent and clear as Crystal CHAP. XXII General Experimental observations of Mineral Colours I. SVblimate dissolved in fair water and mixed with a little spirit of Urine makes a milk white mixture in a moment which by addition of Aqua Fortis immediately again becomes transparent II. If Sublimate two ounces and Tin-glass one ounce be sublimed together you will have a sublimate not inferiour to the best orient Pearls in the world III. Silver dissolved in Aqua fortis and evaporated to dryness and fair water poured two or three times thereon and evaporated till the calx is dry leaves it of a Snow whiteness which rubbed upon the skin wetted with spittle water or the like produces a deep blackness not to be obliterated in some days With this Ivory hair and horns may be dyed in fair water of a lasting black IV. Coral dissolved by oyl of vitriol Sulphur or spirit of Vinegar and precipitated by oyl of Tartar yields a Snow whiteness The same of crude Lead and Quicksilver dissolved in Aqua Fortis So butter of Antimony rectified by bare affusion in much fair water will though Unctuous be precipitated into the Sn●w white powder which being washed from its corrosive salts is called Mercurius Vitae the like of which may be made without the addition of any Mercury at all V. Mercury Sublimate and precipitate yields with the spirit of Urine Harts horn or the like a white precipitate but with the solution of Pot ashes or other Lixiviate salts an Orange tawny And if on a filtrated solution of Vitriol you put the solution of a fixed salt there will subside a copious substance far from whiteness which Chymists call the Sulphur of Vitriol VI. If Copper two ounces be mixed with Tin one ounce the reddishness will vanish and if Arsenick calcined with Nitre in a just proportion be mixed with melted Copper it will be blanched both within and without VII Fine powders of blew Bice and yellow Orpiment slightly mixed give a good green and a high yellow solution of

fire let the Impression be smoaked and if any superfluous fume be taken wipe it off with a Hares foot XI Then join the sides of the flask together putting them with the woolen cloaths between the Oaken plates which put into the Press and skrew them a little XII Then the Metal being melted put it into the mould being hot which if it be Silver or blanched Brass or Copper it will run well enough XIII But if it runs not well you may cast in about the hundred part of Mercury sublimate and an eighth part of Antimony for so it will not only run well but also be a harder metal XIV Lastly the Medal being cooled take it neatly out and keep it Where note 1. That so long as the Impression or mould is not spoiled you may still cast more Medals therein but when it decays you must perfectly renew the whole work as at first 2. That you may blanch them with a pure whiteness by the ninth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of this Book or thus if they be of whitened Brass Take Sal armoniack one ounce and an half Salt-peter two ounces and a half Leaf silver twenty four grains mix them and evaporate them in a Luted crucible having a hole in the cover till all the moisture is gone being cold beat all into fine powder of which take one ounce Salt Alom Tartar of each one handful fair water a sufficient quantity mix and boil all in a glazed vessel in which put the Medals boiling them till they are purely white then rub them with the Tartar in the bottom very well wash them in fair water and dry them 3. That if the Medals be of Gold or of a golden colour you may heighten it with Verdigriese and Vrine CHAP. XXXII Of Glass and Precious Stones I. TO melt Crystal Beat Crystal to bits and put them into an Iron spoon cover it and lute it well and heat it in the fire till it is red hot which quench in oyl of Tartar this do so often till they will easily beat to powder in a mortar which will then easily melt This is of use to counterfeit Jewels with II. To make a Cement for broken Glasses Glair of Eggs mixed with Quick-lime will join broken pieces of Glass together and all earthen pots so as that they shall never be broken in the same place again Or thus Take old liquid Varnish and join the pieces with bind them together and dry them well in the Sun or in an Oven and they will never unglew again but put no hot liquor into them then Or thus Take White-lead Red-lead Quick-lime Gum sandrack of each one ounce mix all with glair of eight eggs Or thus Take White-lead bole liquid varnish as much as sufficeth Or thus Take White-lead Lime glair of Eggs as much as sufficeth Or thus Take fine powder of glass Quick-lime Liquid varnish of each a sufficient quantity Or thus Take Quick-lime powdered liquid varnish glair of Eggs of each alike grind them upon a stone this is a strong glew even for stones Or thus Take Calcined flints and egg-shells of each alike and with whites of Eggs and gum tragacanth or dissolution of Gum Sandrack make glew this in few days will be as hard as stone Or thus Take calcined flints two pound Quick-lime four pound Linseed oyl so much as may temper the mixture this is wonderful strong but with liquid varnish it would be stronger Or thus Take fish glew and beat it thin then soak it in water till it is like paste make rouls thereof which draw out thin when you use it dissolve it in fair water over the fire letting it seeth a while and scumming of it and whilest it is hot use it This not only cements glass but Tortoise shell and all other things III. To wake Glass green Green glass is made of fern ashes because it hath much of an alkaly salt Crystal or Venice Glass is tinged green with Ore of Copper or with the Calx of Copper five or six grains to an ounce IV. To counterfeit a Diamond Take a Saphyre of a faint colour put into the middle of a crucible in quick Lime and put it into a gentle fire and heat it by degrees till it is red hot keep it so for six or seven hours let it stand in the crucible till it is cold lest taking it out hot it should break so will it lose all its colour and be perfectly like a Diamond so that no file will touch it if the colour is not all vanished at the first heating you must heat it again till it is perfect V. To prepare the Salts for counterfeit Gems The Salts used in making counterfeit Gems are chiefly two the first is made of the herb Kali the second of Tartar their preparations are according to the usual way but in Glass vessels VI. To prepare the matter of which Gems are made The matter is either Crystal or flint that is clear and white put them into a crucible in a reverberatory heat the crucible being covered then take them out and cast them into cold water so will they crack and easily reduce to powder of which powder take an equal quantity with Salt of Tartar or Sal Alkali to which mixture add what Colour you please which must be either Metalline or Mineral put them into a very strong Crucible filling it about half full cover it close and melt all in a strong fire till it become like glass Where note in melting you must put an Iron red into it and take up some of it and if it is free from bubbles grains or specks it is fused enough if not you must fuse it till it is free VII To make a counterfeit Diamond of Crystal Put Crystal in a crucible and set it in a glass furnace all night and then bring it to fine powder mix it with equal parts of Sal Tartari digest all night in a vehement heat but yet not to melt then take them out and put them into another vessel which will stoutly endure the fire let them stand melted two days and take out the mass VIII To make a Chalcedon Mingle with the powder of Crystal a little calcined silver and let it stand in fusion twenty four hours IX To make counterfeit Pearls Mix Calx of Luna and Egg-shells with leaf silver ground with our best varnish of which make paste and having bored them with a hogs bristle dry them in the Sun or an Oven X. To counterfeit a Ruby Take Sal Alkaly four ounces Crystal three ounces Scales of Brass half an ounce leaf gold six grains mix all and melt them in a reverberatory XI To counterfeit a Carbuncle Mix Crystal with a little red Lead putting it into a furance for twenty four hours then take it out powder and searce it to which add a little Calcined brass melt all again and add a small quantity of leaf gold stirring it well three or four hours and

oil thereto when the skin is thus suppled and rarified you may cure them either by our liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or mercurial Cosmetick at the seventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or our Lac Virginis and oil of Tartar at the ninth and tenth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or by often washing with juice of Limons III. To take away Freckles Take juice of Limons put it into a glass bottle to which put fine Sugar and borax in powder digest it eight dayes in Sand then use it or mix Sal Tartari with whites of eggs and apply it or often use our compound Cosmetick at the eleventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or oil of Tartar alone for some weeks but if all fail you must have recourse to our Liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or Mercurial Cosmetick at the seventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter IV. To take away Spots from the face or skin This is done by anointing with oil of Tartar for ten days and after all that to wash it with a Lixivium of Quicklime in which Sal armoniack hath been dissolved for a long time or you may use the Cosmetick at the third Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter camphorated V. To cleanse a scurffy Skin If the creature be fat foment first with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar but if lean make a fomentation of Borrage Bugloss and Mallow leaves which use for some days this being done bath the place where the scurff is with Spiritus Nicotianae made by fermentation which being dryed in anoint first with oil of Tartar then with oil of Almonds repeating the three last works so often till the scurff goes away If all these fail you must have recourse to our liquor of Talk or Mercurial Cosmetick or those at the fifth and eighth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter which without doubt will peform your desire VI. To free the Skin from Tetters and Ring-worms Dissolve Sublimate one ounce in a glass of Red-wine by boiling with which wash the place morning and evening letting it dry of it self for three or four days together and it will certainly cure if they be not inveterate our liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or Mercurial Cosmetick may sufficiently do or you may anoint with this ointment Take Sal Tartari two drachms burnt Alom three drachms powder and incorporate with whites of eggs or this take Sulphur vive three drachms Camphire one drachm Hogs-griese two ounces mix and make an ointment VII To take away wrinkles from the Skin Take oil of Almonds lees of oil Olive and make them into an ointment with wax powder of Camphire and Mastich with which anoint Oil of Myrrh to anoint with is eminent in this case or wash with a decoction of Briony roots and figs of each alike or dissolve Gum Tragacanth in Lac Virginis and wash with that Excellent good is a strong decoction of Pomegranate pills in White-wine to wash often with VIII To take away Warts The juice of the greater Spurge with Salt anointed takes them away so also a continual washing with a Lixivium of Quicklime and Salt of Tartar The juice of Verrucaria performs the same A plaister of Cantharides with a defensative is very good in this case so also this following wash take Saccharum Saturni three ounces Sal Armoniack one ounce Vitriol common six drachms Quicklime eight ounces boil all in water four pound to the consumption of the half with which often bath the warts and then wash with our Mercurial water Black Soap hath often been found very good but especially a plaister of Turpentine IX To heal Chaps in the Skin Our Pomatum in this case is most excellent yet this following is commendable Take Capons griess mixed well with Camphire and anoint with Oil of Turpentine two drachms mixed with Vnguentum Populeon two ounces is very good So also oil of Roses mixed with Sheep Suet and wax to an ointment X. To heal Burnings and Scaldings Excellent good is the Vnguentum Rubrum in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 58. Sect 1. both to draw out the fire and to heal To draw out the fire also glair of eggs mixed with Rose water is very prevalent so also is Salt raw Onions Soap Yest Oil of Tartar and the like To hinder the rising of the blisters Hens dung three ounces mixed with hogs griese four ounces and Salt of Tartar one ounce is very good so also a cataplasme of Honey and crums of bread but best of all a plaister of strained Opium which performs all the intentions to admiration If the blister break it may be presently skinned by anointing with oil of eggs and washing often with Lac Virginis strewing upon the sore powder of Bole Tutty Ceruse or the like XI To take away scars and marks of the Small Pox. Take of oil of Tartar one ounce and half Ceruse dissolved in oil of Roses one ounce Borax and Sal Gem of each one drachm mix and make an ointment with which anoint Oil of Tartar alone performs this work well so Salt of Tartar mixed with powder of Mirrh and oil of Roses XII To beautifie the Hands To make them soft often anoint with the oil of Almonds or our Pomatum at night going to bed washing them the next norning with decoction of wheat-bran after a while wash them with Salt of Tartar dissolved in fair water perfumed with oil of Cloves Oranges Rhodium or Cinnamon Or this take Venice Soap dissolved in juice of Limons one pound Virgin-honey four ounces Sublimate Orice root Sugar Salt of Tartar Alom Borax of each one ounce Balsom of Peru two drachms oil of Cloves one drachm oil of Rhodium and Cinnamon of each half a drachm make a mixture to wash the hands withal Or this take powder of Venice Soap one pound Orice root eight ounces A mylum six ounces mix them and make an ointment with liquid Storax and oil of Benjamin a sufficient quantity it wonderfully whitens smooths and sweetens the hands To anoint also with a Bulls gall is very good XIII To help hands which are swoln and look red or blew with cold What we even now said in the last Section may be said again here to which we add that a long bathing of them in a larther of Castle Soap is very good if it be done or if a repercussive plaister be applied made of barley meal Saccharum Saturni and oil of Myrtles washing after the coming off of the Cataplasme with juice of Limons or white wine Vinegar a plaister of Turpentine mixed with Salt is good Often to anoint the hands with oil of Roses Almonds or Pomatum at night and the next morning with the Lac Virginis prevails much Oil of Anniseeds Caraways and Fennel prepared chymically as also Cloves and Oranges mixed with oil of Almonds and often used

are eminent above all other things CHAP. XXXIX Of making a Sweet Breath I. ASthinking Breath comes from one of these four causes viz. putrified Lungs defective Teeth a distemper of the Head or obstruction of the Stomach II. To remedy a Stinking Breath coming from putrified Lungs Take Vnguentum Nicotianae one ounce Oleum Succini two drachms mix them and anoint the breast outwardly inwardly give cleansers as oil of Sulphur allayed with Rose water morning and evening as also Antimonium Diophoreticum ten grains five times a day for several days together then heal by giving oil of Almonds mixed with a few drops of oil of Cinnamon or Pills of Turpentine Lastly morning noon and night let this bolus be adhibited take Nutmegs Mace Ginger of each fifteen grains honey two drachms oil of Cinnamon ten drops mix them and continue it for some weeks III. To help the defects of the teeth 1. If the teeth be furred over rub them every morning with cremor Tartari in powder and wash them with White-wine 2. If the teeth be black allay oil of Sulphur or Vitriol in Rose water and scowr them well therewith with the end of a stick and a rag till all the blackness be gone then rub them with oil of Almonds perfum'd with oil of Cinnamon 3. If the teeth be loose first rub them with this powder take Galls Pomgranate flowers Sumach Cyperus of each one ounce Roch Alom half a pound powder them all for use then use this Gargarisme Take Galls one ounce Myrrh Pomgranate peels of each half an ounce boil them in white wine vinegar for a Gargarism Lastly morning noon and night wash the gums with good red Wine by this means the teeth will be fastned and the gums restored 4. If they be in danger of rotting take ashes of Harts-horn magistery of Corral of each one ounce musk or instead thereof oil of Cinnamon ten grains mix for a dentifrice to rub the teeth withal it will keep them white and sound 5. If they he rotten and hollow make little pellets of strained Opium Myrrh and oil of Cinnamon and put them into the hollow tooth 6. If they ach use the aforesaid pellets or make little ones of Laudanum Paracelsi and put them into the hollowness or if they be not hollow tye a little pill of the same up in a fine thin rag and hold it between the aking teeth 7. If they stink often wash them with wine or spirit of wine in which a few drops of oil of Cinnamon and adeps Rosarum is dissolved IV. To rectify a Stinking Breath arising from distemper of the head Consider the cause of the distemper whether it arises from the Pox Imposthumes or the like and follow the method instituted in the Cure of those diseases and then the cause being taken away the effects you will find will soon cease yet nevertheless these following pills are excellent take Calx of refined Silver made by spirit of Nitre and well dulcified by washing in warm rain water one ounce Resinae Scammonii one ounce and half mix them for a mass of pills of which take eight or ten grains at night going to bed every third fourth or fifth day V. To rectifie a Stinking Breath arising from the obstruction of the Stomach This is done by opening and cleansing the Stomach thus Take every morning going to bed half a drachm of Pil. Ruffi for ten or twelve days together or thus first vomit with Vinum Benedictum one ounce or more according as Strength requires twice or thrice then take Pilulae Rudii half a drachm at a time in the morning fasting drinking after it some warm broth or posset drink which repeat every third or fourth day four or five times VI. To rectifie the Breath when it smells of any thing that is eaten Chew Coriander seed or Zedoary in the mouth drinking a good draught of wine after the scent of the wine is taken away by eating four apples or Quinces or by chewing troches of Gum Tragacanth perfumed with oil of Cinnamon CHAP. XL. Of beautifying the Hair I. TO Dye the Hair black This is done with the Calx of Lime made by Spirit of Nitre mixed with fair water and the hair washed therewith with a Spunge it is the most excellent thing of that kind that is yet known II. To keep the hair foom falling off Take Myrtle berries Galls Emblick Myrobalans of each alike boil them in oil Omphacine with which anoint it is an excellent Medicine yet as old as Galen III. To remedy Baldness This is a hard thing to cure yet the following things are very good Rub the head or bald places every morning very hard with a course cloth 'till it be red anointing immediately after with Bears griefe when ten or fifteen days are past rub every morning and evening with a bruised Onion till the bald places be red then anoint with honey well mixed with Mustard seed applying over all a plaister of Labdanum mixed with mice dung and powder of Bees do this for thirty days If all the former fail bath with a decoction of Bur-dock roots made with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar two parts and muskadel one part immediately applying this Unguent take Thapsi or Turbeth one drachm in powder bears griese one ounce mix them which use for sixty days if this make not the hair come the defect is incurable IV. To take away hair from places where it should not grow Take Quicklime four ounces Auripigmentum one ounce and a half Sulphur vive Nitre of each half an ounce Lixivium of Salt of Tartar a quart mix and boil all so long in a glazed earthen pot till putting a quill therein all the feathers peel off and it is done First soment the place with warm water a little before you use the aforesaid medicine a quarter of an hour after wash with very hot water then anoint with the aforesaid Unguent and in a quarter of an hour it will do the work when the hairs are faln away remember to anoint with oil of Roses now to keep them from ever growing again anoint for some days with an ointment made of the juices of Henbane and Nightshade Opium and Hogs griese V. To make the hair curl Wash the hair very well with a Lixivium of Quick-lime then dry it very well that done anoint it with oil of Myrtles or oil Omphacine and powder it well with sweet powder putting it up every night under a cap if the party be naturally of a cold and moist constitution the washing anointing and powdring must be perpetually used once or twice a week during life the hair being put up every night VI. To make hair lank and flag that curls too much Anoint the hair throughly twice or thrice a week with oil of Lillies Roses or Marsh mallows combing it after it very well VII To make the hair grow long and seft Distill Hogs griese or oil Olive in an Alembick with the oil that comes there-from anoint

one ounce Labdanum half an ounce Mace Cloves Cinnamon Sanders Lignum Aloes of each one ounce Spikenard one ounce all being grosly beaten digest a month then in a glass retort distil in Balneo XII The twelfth sweet water called Aqua Moschata Take spirit of Wine two pound Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple digest in the Sun twenty days close stopped in a glass vessel a drop of this water put into any other liquor will very perfume it So may you extract the scent out of sweet Flowers with this difference that they lie but a little while because their earthy substance will make the spirit ill-favoured CHAP. XLV Of Perfuming Oils I. TO make Perfuming Oils by infusion II. This is taught fully at the fifth Section of the three and fortieth Chapter aforegoing II. To make Oleum Imperiale Take Ambergriese four drachms Storax Calamita eight ounces Rose-water Oleum Rosatum of each two pound Oil of Cinnamon and Cloves of each half a drachm put all into a glass and digest in horse dung twenty days this done gently boil all for a quarter of an hour which then let cool with a spoon take off the Oil which swims a top to which put of Musk and Zibet of each two drachms digest all in a gentle heat for twenty days and keep it for use Where note the Amber and Storax at bottom will serve to make sweet balls of to lay among cloaths or beads to carry in ones hands or for a perfume to burn III. To make Oil of Cinnamon Digest Cinnamon grossy bruised in spirit of Wine sharpned with oil of Salt in a glass vessel with a blind head closely luted in a gentle heat for ten days then distil in an Alembick as we have more at large taught in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 47. Sect. 1. it is a wonderful Perfume the most fragrant and pleasant of all Oils as well in tast as smell the use of it will certainly take away a stinking Breath IV. To make Oil of Roses called adeps Rosarum Take Damask Roses pickle them with Bay salt and after three months with a large quantity of water distil in ashes with a gentle fire so have you Oil and Spirit or water which keep for other distillations Weckerus hath it thus Rosarum folia in umbra aliquandiu asservata in matula vitrea magna ponuntur cujus sit fundus latus ad dimidium vas impletur indè affunditur ipsis Rosarum foliis tantum aquae rosaceae stillatitiae quantum satis fuerit ut optimè madeant appositóque pileo vitreo caeco stipatisque optimè rimis cera gummata quindecim diebus equino fimo macerantur sic tamen ut mutato cùm frigescere coeperit fimo calor aequalis servetur Apposito mox matulae rostrato pileo igne moderato cinerum aqua omnis elicitur quae rursus in eadem matula optime priùs à foecibus mundata ablutáque ponitur calentis aquae balneo lentissimo igne elicitur dum tota in vas recipiens abeat Nam in fundo matulae remanebit oleum rosarum colore rubrum perspicuum Moschi odore suaviter fragrans This is the greatest of all vegetable perfumes and of an inestimable value V. To make Oil of Calamus Aromaticus It is made as oil of Cinnamon it is a very great perfume helps a stinking breath vomiting weak memory c. VI. To make Oil of Rhodium It is made as oil of Cinnamon is a very excellent perfume good for the head breath and the senses VII To make Oil of Indian Spicknard By infusion it is made by the first Section by distillation as oil of Cinnamon It is an eminent Perfume VIII To make Oil of Benjamin Take Benjamin six ounces in powder which dissolve in oil of Tartar and Aqua Rosarum of each one pound which distil with a close pipe in an Alembick So is made oil of Storax and Labdanum IX To make oil of Storax compound Take oil of Ben or sweet Almonds one pound Storax grosly beaten four ounces Benjamin Cloves of each two ounces digest till the Gums are melted over hot coals then press out the oil diligently CHAP. XLVI Of Perfuming Essences I. THe way to extract Essences is somewhat difficult viz by Distillation Calcination Digestion or Menstruum II. If by Menstruum use not a watry one for a watry essence nor an oily one for an oily essence because being of like natures they are not easily separated but on the contrary chuse an oily Menstruum for a watry essence and a watry Menstruum for an oily essence III. If the essence of any metal be to be extracted by a corrosive menstruum after the work is done separate the salts from the waters and use only those salts which will be easily taken out again Vitriol and Alom are very difficult to be separated by reason of their earthy substance IV. To extract the essence out of Musk Ambergriese Civet and other Spices or Aromaticks Mix the perfume with oil of Ben which in a glass bottle set in the Sun or Sand for ten days then strain it from the dregs and the essence will be imbibed in the oil Then take spirit of Wine and distilled fountain water which mix with the said oil and digest for six days then distil in sand so will the essence and water ascend the oil remaining at bottom without any scent that essence and water distil in Balnce in a glass vessel till the water be come off and leave the essence in the bottom in the form of oil V. Another way to do the same Infuse the matter in spirit of Wine a sufficient quantity digest and ferment for ten days then distil in sand as long as any water will come over but have a care of buring which distilled Liquor draw off in Balneo with a very gentle heat and the quintessence will be left in the bottom of a liquid form VI. To extract the essence our of Herbs and Flowers as of Sweet Majoram Basil Orange-flowers Jasemin c. Bruise the matter and put it into a glass vessel to ferment in Horse-dung for a month then distil in Balneo set it in dung for a week again and distil in Balneo again which reiterate so long as it will yield any liquor put the distilled matter upon the Caput mortuum distilling thus for six days draw off the water in Balneo and the essence remaining express in a press which being a week fermented in dung will yield the perfect scent colour and vertues of the matter desired VII To extract the essence out of Salts Calcine the Salt and grind it very small then lay it upon a marble in a moist Cellar setting under it a pan to receive the dissolution therein let it ferment for a month then with a gentle fire distil in Balneo cast away the insipid water which comes from it and set that which remains in the bottom to ferment another month then distil