put the cleare into a cleane fatte or vessell then take the fourth parte of an ounce of spanish greene calde Verdigreace poulder it well cast it therein and stirre it with a stick or staffe then put in your yearne so turne and tosse it therein the fourthe parte of an hower and then let it drye If it bee not fayre ynough then put it in agayne and doe as before also as ye would dye blue woollen yearne yet shall put it first in warme water then wring it forth and dye it blue as it is aforesayd To dye with brasill as red as a rose Take sixe elles of linnen and thereto halfe a pounde of beaten galles of the best then put it in fayre water and let it seeth about two houres but the galles shoulde rather be all whole and when they are sodde set it from the fyre and put it gently in another Kettle or fatte and then put your linnen therein as hote as you maye handle it and styrre it therein foure houres long that done then wring it well forth and hang it to drye Then take foure ounces of Allum and seeth it with water and when it is sod take it from the fyre and put your galled cloth therein as hote as ye may suffer it the space of a quarter of an houre then take your branne water and put thereof in a Kettle and as it is warme put therein two pound of grening weede let it the first time soke well therein and let it be well and hote but not seeth and then put your cloth therein and stirre and handle it well at the first with your handes nye halfe an houre with a staffe tost well al about and wel handled in the dye and then ye shall take youre cloth and sponge it in water and washe it cleane Then take a little allum and seeth it with water then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water and putte your cloth therein fiue paternosters long Then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water and putte your cloth therein then handle and styrre it well therein and stirre it well about the space of a quarter of an houre and wring it not to sore then drie it Then if it be not dry ynough then weate it as before sayde Howe to make a greene water Take ny halfe an ounce of Verdigreace and crushe it well in a woodden dishe then put thereto the yolke of an egge and too blades of saffron then take of the leaues of spurge halfe a handfull and beate them in a morter and thereto cast a good glassefull of Vineger and strayne it thorow a cloth Then take of this stuffe and put thereof in a dishe with the Verdigreace and stirre it well togeather and make it thinne that it may be the better to dye or to worke with a pensill or as ye shall seeme best To dye fayre Linnen with brasill Ye shall take fayre water and heate it ouer the fyre then shall ye haue the poulder of galles and put thereof into the Kettle ouer the fyre and so let it seeth a quarter of an hower then take it from the fyre and take another vessell and put therein so much colde water as of the other in the Kettle and put that hote in the Kettle therevnto Then put your cloth therein and stirre it well vp and downe therein and as ye haue done so a while then let it lye therein foure houres long in that gall water then take your Kettle agayne with other fayre water and set it ouer the fyre and make it hote then put of Allū therein to the kettle ouer the fyre and as that water is hote and the Allum melted yee must then haue another vessell or fatte with colde water as muche as of the other hote water and put the Allum water therein then putte your cloth therein and styrre it as aforesayde and so let it then lye therein foure houres long so done then yee shall wring it out and hang it to drye or to drye in the ayre but let it not bee too drye Then shall ye take youre brasill made in poulder and put it in the panne and so let it seeth therein the quarter of an houre and before that brasill do seeth ye shal take wheat flower put therein mixe it altogether well in a dish and put it into the Kettle before it do seeth thus done let it seeth and as it hath sod then take forth so much of the brasil as ye may put in your cloth and stirre it well about as is afore declared thus done let your cloth rest therein a good while then wring it forth hang it to dry as it is dry ye shall take that lycor that it hath layn in and put that away thē take agayn so much brasill as before put that cloth therin agayne and then hang it to dry and as it is dry then put it in another lycor hang it agayn to dry then it is ful done And to know the quantitie of weight which is to euery elle of linnen cloth ye shal take a loot of gall pouder so calde in dutch and as much of allum and to eche elle of cloth one ounce of brasill To make a fayre yealow To make a yelow that ye may worke with oyle or water ye shal take woad so much as ye shall please let it stand to soke a night and a day in lye made with sope ashes and when it is thus soked then shal ye seeth it couer it close so long as it seeth thus done then set it from the fire put that lycor into another pan so strayne it thorow a clea◠cloth then take the pan poure the thinnest aboue off so long til ye see the dye vndercome with al then take the fore sayd cloth and straine it again thorow it into another pan so long as ye think the substaunce of the woad doe tary in the cloth til ye thinke that that water is thin ynough to strayne and then ye may vse it A fayre Linnen cloth to dye blue For to dye a fayre blue ye shal take a pan of fayre water hang it ouer the fire let it be seething hote then must ye haue a vessell of halfe an Ame so cald in dutch or thereabout as your lycor is hote put thereto 3 poūd of wheat bran 3 poūd of ashes a pound of grening wede stir al this in the pan let it seeth iii. or iiii paternosters lōg thē take of floray vnder half a pound soke it in faire water let it there rest a quarter of an houre couered thē take your clean vessel or Ame therin put your soked floray then take the hote lycor ouer the fire but let it coole or ye put it into the fatte then put it in and stirre it well and so couer it wel and close and let it so rest sixe houres
the sommer it shall be ynough to lye therein viii dayes ye must ech ii dayes see vnto them if it be in the winter they must lye therein a moneth then take your felles out and hang them again in the foresaid riuers or water thre dayes three nights then after washe them well in a tubbe with luke warme water and stampe them with your feete then after wash them agayne in the riuer water as aforesayd and hang a Kettle ouer the fyre with fayre water and therin put iiii pound of Allum and when it is molten in the water seething hot putting in so much water that it may be no hoter but your hād may suffer therin without scalding then set it from the fyre and put your felles therein and stirre them well with your hand so let it rest a day and a night but as ye go to bed you shall sturre them once wel then after take your felles forth and wring the water well out as your felles do waxe somewhat drye ye must weat them agayne then take foure pottles of pisse that is stale hang it ouer the fyre in a pan let it seeth well scum it cleane so long as any scum will rise then put in a pot full of beaten lacke and let it therein seeth a little and put therein so much Allum as a hasel nutte and giue it therewith a boyling then set it from the fyre and let it so rest till it be cold to suffer your hand therein then put a glasse ful therof in your felles which be readie sowd like a sack holde it too aboue with your other hand hold vnder and shake it vp and down as ye would bolt meale do thus so long til the colour hath wel taken the leather then turn your fels about but if it be faire ynough let it so be if it be not faire ynough put of your sayd substaunce againe another halfe glasse therein and stirre it about as before and then rippe your felles and hang them to drye in some hye lofte And as they be drye so take and lay them a night in a fat with water and next day taw them on a sharpe tawing yron vntill they be all workemanly done then they are well To make leather red Take an oūce of Allum melt it in a gallon of water thē take a calues felle spreade it on a rame so it must be rubbed al ouer with allum water first then incōtinent ye shal strike it all ouer with brasill water and let it so drye in and then strike it all ouer agayne and so let it drye in like but the colour or dye must be made warme alwaies when ye rub thereon But fyrst ye must make it weat with cold water and wring it agayne out and then stretche it forth on a bord and so ye may vse it The foresayd brasill water ye shall make thus Take three gallons of rayne water and put therein foure ounces of brasill woad made in poulder and halfe an ounce of Wey ashes calde sope ashes with a little saffron Then seeth it so long till the third part be wasted Then cleanse that out and the pot with rayne water againe and let the halfe seeth away Then is the strength all out and with this last water ye shall colour first and with the first water ye shall dye or colour last To dye red felles To dye red Leather ye shall seeth Lack in bene straw and a cursy pisse as aforesayd is Then put therin so much as two great beanes and then take an ounce of brasil water and so let them seeth together To dresse Felles with golde To dresse Felles with golde take broune red grinde it on a stone with water mixt with chalke and lyme water and therewith you shall strike your felles twise ouer then lay your siluer or golde thereon and let it drye then shall ye smoothe it with a tooth and so strike it ouer and then drye it in the sunne To colour greene Felles To colour green felles take spanish greene and grind it vpon a stone with wine Vineger and some saffron temper this with gumme water and lyme and so strike youre skinnes therewith To gylde on leather Ye shall ouerstrike your leather thrise with whites of egges and gumme water then lay your gold thereon and lick it well and fayre or the yolkes of harde rosted egges mixt with gum water and ground the red and the graye skinnes ye may vernish them take a flat bason and put fire vnder and spred the felles thereon and strike varnishe also ouer the skinnes where it is coloured but afore you strike your felles strike it warme on the Bason and then let it drye then smooth the colour all ouer euen and when it is drie then licke it or burnish it with a tooth and as ye will haue it fayre so take an end of a tallowe candle and rub it on your arme from the hand to the elbowe then strike it all ouer with that parte of your arme and it is done Agayne to colour leather red Take the dye for a red leather and take an ounce of brasill in a nealed pot and seeth it till the third part be wasted but first washe your leather in Allum water or in other water but lette it not lye long therein so lette it drye and put it therein and let it rest two dayes and two nightes on a tack and then hang that leather in the ayre to drye If ye will haue it sanguine take of vyne braunches ashes and make lye thereof and with this lye seeth your brasill woad and so ye may colour red therewith To colour leather greene Take an ounce of Equisetam in English horsetayle it is an hearbe growing in low places or medowes put ther to of olde standing water with a quantitie of Allum pouder with a little coperose beate in poulder so vse it To culler a blue leather First you shal take an ounce of Endix so calde in duche with one ounce of chalke and a pottle of Vineger or good sharpe lye then put all into a bason and there slyrre it all well together first your felles must be made redy thereto as afore is declared then put your stuffe thereon and so vse it as the other and it wil shew a fayre blue element colour To make a fayre red colour Take your leather which is allumde before then take of olde pisse of such as vse to drinke much wyne and let it stand til it stinke then take the clearest thereof and seeth it til the half be wasted then take two ounce of lack with one part of brasill a part of Allum a part of Salarmoniacum beate them altogether and put them into a pot and set it ouer the fire and stir it wel with a white stick vntill the stick waxe red as blood then take it off colour therwith luke warme Another fine red colour Take halfe an ounce of brasill poulder
forth and then stretch them as the order is then take of the same sap berries aforesayd let them be stampt with roche allum water and a little boyld and therwith giue your skinne a stroke or two al ouer then let it dry then giue him a colouring with yealow made of the sayd berries sod with allum water and agayne of saffron then let it dryé and ye shall see a fayre colour Another greene for skinnes Your skinnes being annoynted washed and spread ye colour him with the foresayd sappe greene and put vnto it a few weat ashes and rub the felle al ouer therewith being washed and wiped agayn strike him ouer with Indian colour sod with roch allum then let it dry thē strike him ouer with the foresayd yealow and so ye shal haue a fayre excellent greene colour To dye a crimosine colour Scrape hard sope and so melt it in commen water put your silk in a linnen or thin canuas bag and so put it into the Kettle to the soped water let it boyle softly halfe an houre space but stur it ofte for burning then washe it in salte water fyrste and after in fresh water for ech pound of silke take a pound or more of allum layde sufficyente in colde water and therein put your silk without the bag and let it rest therein viii houres then take and washe it in fresh water then wring it put it in the pan to the crimsine colour being wel stampt cleane take iiii ounce and boile it with so much water as wil couer your silke foure fingers aboue in water and to ech pounde of crimosine colour put too three ounces of galles in fyne pounder or in steede thereof yee maye put in halfe an ounce of Arsenic which is not very wholesome because of the fume nor the water thereof and when it boyleth put in your silke as afore prepared there let it boyle a quarter of an houre then wring it a little and drye it in the shade and so it wil be fayre To die a black after the common sort of the countrey women They take so much water as wil couer the hose or other cloth but firste they al to strike their hose or cloth with swart of the grindstone then they laye alder pilles first in the bottome of the vessel thereon lay your cloth or hose and then pilles thereon agayne then lay your hose thereon pilles thereon agayn then couer al with water so let them boyle softly two haures space and turne your cloth often therein then see if it be black ynough if not take new swart and pilles and vse them as yee did at the first and so boyle them agayne til they be black then scoure and washe them out and it is done Some women doe take in steede of alder plumtree pilles some blacke thorne and some yong oken pilles and oke apples greene and so dyes with them in like case or the tender shewts of brachryers or greene walnut huskes al these are good in sommer to dye with How to harden Jron and Steele and also to soften to sowder and to gylde To make Yron or steele as fofte as copper TAke a chalk stone vnslect with as much allum first stampe the Allum verye fine in a morter then take your chalke and mingle therewith then spread it half a finger or a finger thick on a linnen cloute and wrap your yron therein whiche yee would haue soft and lay it in the middest of a fyre there let it lye an houre or more till the fyre is out and bee all cold of himselfe without any other thing done to it Then shall ye take out your yron or steele and it will be as softe as it were right copper in his hardnesse Another way to soften Another way for the same take only a white fyre turffe and lay your yron or steele in the middest thereof and lay it in the fyre and let it lye there so long til the fyre do go forth and waxe colde of it selfe then take it out and it shal be as soft as neede shall require To make Yron softe Take the water or the iuyce of Rafany which I take to be the Rape then heate your yron hoce and quenche it therein and it shal become soft agayne Another way to make yron soft Take of Sope ashes and vnslect lyme of eyther alyke then make a lye thereof whiche lye yee shall strayne nyne tymes thorowe a strayner then take other yron or steele and lay it therein one night and it will be so soft ye may easilye cutte it will yee then haue it harde agayne so quenche it in colde water and it shall waxe harde agayne Another way to make yron or steele softe Take the yelow flowers of Marigoldes with the stele and blossome stampe the flowers and strayne it thorowe a cloth and put that iuyce into a pot then take the yron or steele that ye will make soft and as red hote as yee canne doe sleke it in that iuyce and it will bee as softe as Copper Another way to soften Also take slecken and long wormes out of the earth of eche alike and a thyrd part of falte then take an earthen potte and make it full of holes in the bottome lyke to a siue then take the salt and salte the wormes into the pot Then take another potte and set it vnder that pot then will that salt melt with the wormes and runne into the other potte and that in the vnder potte yee shall keepe then lay a stone on that pot and make it to seeth well and scumme it so long as any scumme will ryse then take it from the fyre that it may coole then scumme that off aboue then make your steele red hote as fyre and so quenche therein which yron or steele a man may bow like as it were copper then to make it hard heate it red hote and quenche it in colde water and ye shal thinke it were fine steele To make yron soft Take an hearbe calde in Latine Vngula cabellina it is a clote cald in English of some Colts foote or Buls foote take and make a water therof and make your yron redde hote whiche yee will haue softe then quenche it in the sayde water and it shall become softe that yee maye vse it for your purpose and so harden it agayne as the other Another way to soften Take Slecken so calde in duche and stampe it with strong wyne Vineger then make your yron or steele red hote that yee will haue softe and quenche it in the sayde iuyce and then it shall bee softe like the other and to make it harde agayne wherein to quenche with colde water as before To make Steele or Christall softe Take of vnquenched lyme with as much of sope ashes thereof ye shal make a lye after this maner whiche is yee shall strayne it thorow a strainer ix times then take your steele or cristall
on the ioynts which ye shall not fyle of but grynd it of and thus it shal be wel Another way to sowder warme on yron or steele Take of gūme water and beate therewith some hearbes which hearbes it shall not skil what and make it thick as a past and when ye wil sowder any place strike thereon or lay it on the ioynte then rub it thereon with sope and then holde thereto a fyre cole and it will runne Then washe of the sayde dough from the sowdred place and so it wil be fayre To sowder on Copper Take an ounce of Coperas halfe an ounce of whyte Arsenic which is calde whyte Orpemente then make your Coper to runne and diuide your Arsenicke in two parts then cast one part into your copper and stir it well all together and then cast in the other parte of your Arsenic to your copper and stir it wel altogether so done cast it on a stone and spread it thin and when it is colde beate it into a fyne poulder and vse it likewise as the other before mentioned To sowder on Latine Ye must fyle your lattine cleane al ouer then put the ioyntes close together and thereon scrape quicklye youre burras so ye shal see it wel and sure sowdred Another sowder to sowder on yron Ye shall set your ioynts of yron as close as ye maye the one vnto the other then lay them so in glowing coles and then take of Venis glasse made in fine poulder and youre yron being red hote in the fyre caste the poulder of your glasse thereon and so it shall sowder of himselfe and bee very strong withall And if ye clap it in clay as aforesayd ye shall not do amisse Another good way to gylde on yron or Steele Take one ounce of Orgall or Orgyrs in dutch so named with a thyrde part of Vermillion and a fourth parte of Bolearmoniac with as much of Aquauite then worke and grinde them altogether on a stone with lynseede oyle so done put therevnto some of the stone calde Lapis Calaminaris the bignesse of a hazel nutte and grynd therwith in the end three or foure droppes of Vernish so take it off the stone and strayne it thorow a linnen cloth into a stone potte for it must bee as thicke as hony so keepe it and strike it whereon ye list and so let it dry and then ye may lay your golde or siluer thereon as aforesayd A Varnish like golde for tinne Siluer or buckles of copper Ye shal haue small pots well leaded then put therein vi ounces of Linseede oyle one ounce of Mastick an oūce of Aloepatieum citrium then make them altogether in fine poulder and then put them into your sayd oyle couer it with such another pot whiche pot aboue yee shall make a small hole in the bottome thereof wherin ye shall put thorow a small sticke with a brode ende beneath to stur the other pot withall and when the pots are set iust together one to the other ye shal close thē al about with good clay and couer them al ouer also in leauing but the hole open aboue with the stick to stir the other pot so done set them ouer the fyre in stirring it ofte as it doth seeth like painters vernish and when ye will gylde therewith poollishe your mettall fyrst all ouer and then strike the vernish all ouer thereon and then let it dry in the sunne if it lye too thinne strike it ouer agayn so often as ye shal think good and so let it drye betwixt your striking and then ye shall see it will do well A way to graue on yron or steele or other kynde of weapons Take cole of a wille or sallo two partes of Vitriol or Copares two parts of Salarmoniac worke and beate all these together well with Vineger and make it thick like broth and when ye will eate or graue any thing withall draw first thereon with this thing following Take Vermilion linseede oyle mixt all together then dry it late it ouer with your past a finger thick or more and the warmer it is the sooner it will graue and eate but see too it it burne not and when it is dryde well doe off the sayde poulder and cleanse the casting out then take two partes of spanish greene calde verdigreace and a part of salt thē beat them together in a morter and put vnto it strong vineger and do as it is abouesayde or take Vitriol Allum salt Lapis calamynaris viniger and sallo cole and make it as the other aforesayd or take two parts of vitriol and a third part of salarmoniac and grind them wel al together on a stone with vrine or pisse then laye it on as it is aforesayde but ye must lay it cold on and set it then foure or fiue howers in a seller or low coole place for it wil be the better A water to eate or graue on yron or steele Take of verdigreace of Mercury sublyme of vitriol of Allum of ech a like then beat them smal so put it into a glasse so let it stand half a day styr it often then strike it al ouer with wax or yealow lead mixt with lynseed oyle or liisen smout so cald in dutche and strike thereon with the water in the glasse let it stand half a day but if ye write or lay thin that the water may eate it the sooner which yee shal couer al the yron or steele thin with wax and to draw theron what ye list with a pensil in the wax vnto the groūd then strike your water al ouer and so it shal eate on your grauen places or lay theron Mercury sublimatū in your grauen places and put therevnto vineger and so let it rest half an hower after and it wil do wel Another water to eate on yron or steeele more stronger Take an ounce of Verdigreace halfe an ounce of Allum Plumosum and half an ounce of Salarmoniac as much of wynestone and halfe an ounce of Vitriol and as muche of common salt let al be smal beaten so put together put thereto of sharpe viniger so let it stand an houre and when to graue or eate any thing therwith it must be first grauē ye shal write with Liifen smout or yelow colour then let it drye and then make your foresayde water hote in a leaded panne and let it stande ouer the fyre and hold your yron and steele ouer the panne and poure of that hot water thereon with a ladle that the rest may fall agayne into the foresayde panne thus muste yee doe still a good quarter of an houre this doing the take ashes or vnssect lyme rub it looke of that ye would haue eaten if it be clean or not if not draw it agayn with your yelo matter then poure on your said water and so ye shal haue it wel To lay gold vpon yron or other mettall Take of liquid varnish i. li.
A profitable boke declaring dyuers approoued remedies to take out spottes and staines in Silkes Veluets Linnnen and Woollen clothes With diuers colours how to die Velvets and Silkes Linnen and Woollen Fustian and Threade Also to dresse Leather and to colour Felles How to Gylde Graue Sowder and Vernishe And to harden and make softe Yron and Steele Very necessarie for all men speciallye for those which hath or shall haue any doinges therein with a perfite table herevnto to fynde all thinges readye not the like reuealde in English heretofore TAKEN OVT OF DVTCHE and englished by L. M. ¶ Jmprinted at London by Thomas Purfoote and William Pounsonbie 1583 To make Cloth whiche hath lost his colour to returne vnto his first estate agayne TAKE OF VNQVENched lyme two ounces of Oake ashes two ounces of cleare water two pound Then meddle thē well all together and so let them rest one quarter of an houre and then doe clarifie that water and therewith wash your cloth and it will returne vnto his first colour and waxe fayre agayne as before ¶ To wash a scarlet which is greasie Take of whyte tarter wel and finely beaten foure ounces then boyle it in two pound of fayre water till the thyrde part be consumed then take it from the fyre and let it coole and then strayne it through a linnen cloth and when ye will vse thereof make it then milke warme and wash therewith your cloth Then hang it to drye and you shall see it fayre and returne to his first estate and coloure agayne ¶ To make all colours of silkes which be staynde to come to their first colour againe Fyrst take one ounce of vnquenched lyme and of the ashes of a vyne one ounce also of ashes of an Oake one oūce and a halfe Put all these into a basen of cleare water and meddle them all well togither then heate them a little ouer the fyre and when it is warme take it of the fyre and let it clarifie a while so done then take a sponge and wash your staynie spottes therewith and see that ye weat no other place but the spotty places only and so they wil be well agayne ¶ To make a sope to take forth greace or other spoties whatsoeuer they be Take one pound of roche Allum burnd and made into a fyne poulder Also take of the rootes cald flames of Florence so calde in Dutche halfe a pound then beate it in to a pouder Then take a new layde egge of white sope two pound and a halfe then blend your pouder and your egge and sope altogether well and thereof make pellots or bals and if one egge be not sufficient then take ii or so much as shall suffice to make your sayd paste withal and when ye shall haue occasion to take forth anye spotte take first of commen water and wash your spots on both sides withal warme then take of the sayd pellots and rubbe al ouer the spottes in the cloth so done then washe out the filth with fayre cleare water and if there remayne some part and be not all cleane wash it agayne as afore is mētioned till it be all cleane and so shall ye haue it as fayre as before ¶ Another good way to take forth spots of greace out of any woollen or linnen Take first a little fayre water all to weate and rubbe therewith the sayd greace spottes Then take a quantity of walkars claye called Fullars earth and rubbe a little therewith your spottes all ouer Then rubbe and chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a syluer spone or such like thing and scrape out the sayde filthie water and greace and if then it bee not all cleane foorth doe so agayne as before is mentioned and then take a little warme water and all to weate the sayde place therwith so done Then wring and scrape it foorth as the other afore Being then cleane let it be dryde and it will be well ¶ To take away all spottes on coulered Clothes be they linnen or woollen If there chaunce by fortune to fall a droppe of ynke or any other stayne vppon any cloth dyed or coloured or being cleane whyte woollen or linnen Ye shall doe as hereafter followeth that is take of the iuyce of rawe Lemmons or the iuyce of a great Orange Apple which hath a hard pill or skinne which the Italions call Pommes Dadam Or if ye will take onlye the egar or sharpe iuyce which is in the pouncitron and strayne it foorth thereof and with the iuyce yee shall all to rubbe and chaufe the sayde spottye places and then wash it with luke warme water and so then scrape out all the filth thereof with some spoone as aforesayde or wring it cleane foorth with your handes If at the firste time peraduenture it bee not cleane vse it likewise agayne the seconde tyme as before and so your cloth will come vnto as good estate as at the fyrste nor this shall not hurte anye coloure thereof ¶ Another good way to make cleane spottes of greace out of all woollen clothes Take an hearbe called wood sorrel or stubwort which is green groweth in woods in bushes stubs of old trees and hath three small leaues lyke a hart it tasteth sharpe lyke other sorrell Which hearbe ye shall distill in a lymbee and so reserue the distild water in a glasse very close and when you neede to take foorth any spotte of greace then take of the distylde water and rubbe therewith all ouer the sayd spottes Then chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a spoone or some other lyke thing and take away the sayd filthie water therewith Then if it be not all cleane doe it likewise agayne as before with the distilde water warmed and then yee shall see it will doe well and shewe fayre and cleare as it was at the firste Another good way to take out spottes out of clothes with a lye Take three pintes of water and put therein halfe a pounde of pot ashes and stirre it well altogether Let it so stande the space of foure dayes but yee must in euerye daye stirre it three or foure times So done poure foorth the cleare water from the ashes and put of galles therin then it will waxe a greene but if ye wil haue it a blacke then put a little soote to soke in fayre water and put that black water therein With this warmed ye maye washe your spottie places in any place of your clothes it will take it forth fayre and cleane To perfume clothes Take a violl of Rose-water in the which ye shall put eyghteene or twentie graynes of Muske and Ciuet with a little of Ambergreace then set all on the fyre and whē it begins to waxe warme take it from the fyre and let it coole and stoppe it close the space of two dayes and when ye will perfume your clothes therewith Set it on the fyre agayne and being warme holde your clothes ouer it
ounces of Allum and seeth it with branne water so much as ye shall thinke good then take your yearne oute and put that water out of that Kettle and put therein agayne three partes of fresh branne water and one parte of fayre cleare water then warme it a little on the fyre then put therein two pound of grening weede and let it so warme a while then put therein your wooll and styr it wel with a sticke the space of three howers but let it not seeth in any wise so done then take out your wooll agayne and put it agayne into your Kettle and put thereto half a glassefull of vnsleakte lime with as much of common ashes and thereto put your wooll agayne and styrre it with a staffe sixe or seuen Paternoster whiles than take foorth youre wooll and ye shall haue a fayre colour But if yee will haue it yet a more sanguine coloure then must you putte into your Kettle halfe a little glasse full of more lime and a little glasse full of common ashes and thereto put your wooll agayne and stirre it well still foure or fyue Pater-noster whyles then take foorth your wooll and wash it and so ye shall haue a very fayre colour Another way to make wooll a fayre red When as your wooll is made red after the first maner then shall ye cast away that licour that is in the Kettle and put into it fayre water and put thereto the cruse full of fayre made lye of common ashes and therein put also an ounce of Allum then as soone as it beginneth to seeth put therein your wooll and styrre it well therein foure or fiue paternoster whiles then take it foorth and washe it and so ye shall haue your wooll a fayre colour This maner of dying is after the order of Dorneke in Flaunders To dye a fayre yealowe If ye will dye yealow with wood take off the wood leaues and cut off the rootes then cut them in peeces and lay them to soke in lye of commō ashes three houres then seeth it a quarter of an hower till ye thinke it be meetely well sodde Then put therein two quartes of water and as much stale Vrine of sixe dayes olde at the least so let them seeth together a little then cleanse it thorow a siue and then put vnto the same agayne of lye and Vrine as aforesayd Then strayne it thorow a fayre cloth and seeth it and to two pounde of wood take two pounde of Verdegreace with the lye that ye haue sod your woad and all putting them in your sayd colour which must be medled and well stirred all together Then shall ye boyle it all a little and it shall be well Another colour to dye a yealow with wood Take and set a pot with water on the fire and make it warme then take ashes made of Oken woade and cast thereof into the pot with water and being warme take it from the fyre and fiyre it well Then couer it close til the next daye Then poore the clearest lye thereof thorowe a cloth softly into another vessel or pan then take of good wood and breake the rootes off and then cut them small then wash rince them in cold water then put thē into the lie and there let them soke a night then take seethe it til the halfe be consumed and when it is well sod then all hote clense it thorow a fayre cloth then must yee haue of verdegreace wel finely beaten into pouder and blend therof with a spoone amongst your other stuffe this must be done incontinent therevpon and also your lye thervnto must be very strong made How to dye linnen or thread red As when ye wil dye anye Linnen or threade red yee shal take one pound of samfleure and let it soke halfe a day and a nighte in water milke warme then put it into a thicke bagge or sacke and therein washe and rynce it in the riuer till the bagge bee therewith red then wring the water well foorth and so take oute your Samfloure and spread it vppon a fayre boorde or Table and make as it were a little thinne bedde thereof then strewe thereon of white ashes in making beddes of youre Samfleure and when ye haue strewde them with ashes ye shal take to one pounde of Samfleure a guarter of a poūd of ashes which ashes must be burnt and made of the lyes of white Wine and it must be well chafte betwixte your handes the one against the other then make thereof a small heape and so let it rest the space of fyue houres Then shall ye rubbe it agayne till it waxe warme then haue readye a fayre basen and sette it vnder your stuffe that it may runne therein and also wring out the iuyce thereof into the sayd Bason Then cast therein a pynte of wine vyneger that is very good then yee maye putte therein a pounde of yearne and it shall doe well But to dye your Linnen cloth ye shall put it in before youre yearne or Fustian Then lay it therein a day and a night then take forth your linnen or yearne and then put therein a gallon of ashes of the Ashe tree and therevnto youre linnen yearne or fustian and so let it lye therein halfe an houre then take it oute and wring it as well as you can then by and by hang it in the sunne then take that water that ye soked first your Samfleure in and strayne it as aforesayde into the bason vnto the other colour then put therein a glassefull of Vineger and then you maye putte therein your yearne fustion or linnen cloth and doe therevnto as is aforesayd Another way to dye Linnen in a fayre rose redde colour To dye a fayre redde rose colour of Linnen yee shall take to euery iiii yardes and a halfe of Linnen halfe a li. of good gall nots and seeth them in fayre water al whole the space of ii houres then take it from the fyre poure that water into another vessell or fatte then put your linnen into the sayd water and let it soke therein the space of foure houres then take it forth and wring the lycoure wel forth Then take fayre water in a kettle and set it on the fyre and put therein a quarter of a pounde of Allum and when it is readye to seeth take it from the fyre and put youre cloth therein as soone as yee haue wrong and straynde oute your gals aforesayde but lette it drye a night before firste and then turne it well therein the space of a quarter of an houre So take it forth and wring it well then seeth two ounces of Brasill in fayre water the space of two houres then take that frō the fire and hang another kettle ouer the fire and putte therein gruys water so warme it a little and cast therein two li. of grening wede then put your linnen cloth therein and looke that no Allum haue bene in that water Then
let it lye therin halfe an houre and styrre it wel with a staffe and then take out thereof the sayd linnen ye may then cast away the same liquor and wash your kettle cleane and put therein of the clearest brasill water and let it wel colour therein Then take your Linnen and wash it wel in fayre water then take of fayre water in a panne with a little Allum and so seeth them both together and therin seeth your Linnen cloth fiue or sixe paternoster whiles Then take out the sayd cloth and wring it wel and after that put the sayd cloth into the kettle of brasill water and therein ye shal turne and wind it wel the space of a quarter of an houre then take it forth and wring it a little and likewise you shall doe with the dying of the Fustian but vnto your Fustian you must haue two partes more of Verdigreace and Allum and that your Fustian must lye therein half a day and a night then wring it forth and let it drye then after yee maye rayse his cotton with cardes meete for that purpose if yee wil haue your Linnen more fayrer cast in the Kettle with your sayd brasill some lye made of white Lime then put your cloth therein then turne and wind it therein the space of foure pater nosters and then take it forth thereof and wring it well and so hang it vp to drye How to make your branne water wherewithall you shall vse to dye red Ye shal take a hat full of wheate branne and take so much water as wil go into the smal kettles so let it haue a welling or two on the fire Then poure it into a fatte then take two other kettle fuls of water and warme it and put it therein also but first stirre it wel and so couer it wel The firste day you must styre it often and then it will be the better then shall ye let it stande foure or fyue dayes till it waxe the riper and which will be the better for your purpose and then ye may occupye as you shal see cause For an yron moll in Linnen To take forth any yron moll in linnen cloth take a chafing dish with coles then couer the coles with a pewter dishe so let it be hote Then lay your linnen thereon where the moll is and with a Limon or an Oringe but the Limon is better to rubbe your moll therewith and still as it dryeth in lay the iuyce thereon and stil rubbe it so till it be all cleane and this way will haue it all out Oft prooued To dye silke quoyues in a redde Ye shall first lay your silke in Allum water and let it seeth therein and with branne water also halfe an houre long both together then take a little grening weede and the like of branne water and let it be made hote and put the silke therein but let it not seeth but take it oute and rince it in lye and then in water and then it wil be fayre and well To dye silke in a sanguine colour Ye shall dye silke in a sanguine as ye must in al sortes take Allum as ye doe grening weede then must yee take a little fayre water with a little brasill and seeth them together Then take part thereof and seeth the silke therin and as that is takē out so take an other and then the thyrd tyme then put it in lye and so clense it as is aforesayde To dye Silke blue If ye will dye blue silke that silke must then be white which ye must first soke in water and then wring it forth then ye shall put it in your blue dye and there ye maye make it with a light colour or darke as ye please A fayre greene to dye If ye will haue a fayre greene take a little branne water and a little allum and seeth them together and when the Allum is molton put your silke therein and lette it seeth the fourth part of an houre Then take again a little branne water and a little wood and put it therein also till that it waxe a fayre darke yealow If ye will haue it more yealower then put it in the blue dye wherein yee may make it light or darke as ye please To dye black silke Take to one pound of silk xii gall nots and beat them to pouder then seeth the silke with the gals in fayre water a good halfe houre long then take of the blacke dye and therein seeth it another half houre then take it forth and let it be colde and then put it agayne into the blacke dye and let it there seeth another halfe houre if then it be not fayre let it seeth therein so long till it waxe a fayre black then sponge it in the water and so let it drye A purple silke to dye When ye wil die a purple silke ye shal take to one poūd of silke 4 ounces of Allum and seeth the Allum in common water lay the silke therein and let it so lye foure houres Then take to euery pound of silke two pound of purple colour seeth it together as hereafter is written which is ye shal take halfe pisse and half water togither seeth it therein till it waxe cleare fayre and thē spōge it in fayre water Also to eche pound of silke it behooueth to haue foure ounces of Allum Also for red silke to dye with crap dye so calde in dutche which ye shall dye with foure pound of Allum and also ye shall dye sanguine silk with allum and also yelow ye shall dye with allum To make a good black dye Take a pounde of galles and fourth parte of coperas and seeth these together then put the cloth therein and styrre it wel about then hang it to drie then prepare your dye as thus take a good great fat and put therin a fourth part of Rye meale and halfe so muche of swarfe of the grindstone and so much of elder barke and in like of olde yron and the scales of yron as it comes of by the hammer beating styrre this all well togither and so let it stande three dayes or euer ye put your cloth therein and at eche tyme let your linnen drye afore ye put it therein To dye a greene Take a light blue colour and put it into Allum water two houres long then hang it to the time there as the wynde may drye it and then put it into the foresayd wood and so vse it as it is afore declared To dye a carnasion Take purper that is drye and say it to soke a night in pisse then take your cloth that is allomde and drye put it therein but yee shall seeth the purper twise in fayre water then set another fatte by the fyre and let it seeth and therein yee shall firste put your cloth and then all weate put it in to your dye till it be fayre ynough To make a redde carnation To make a redd carnation dye ye must dye your
and half a pottle of old water seeth them together and scum it well then take a little allū which must be first kild in clay first take it from the fyre and then put in your said allum so reserue it and vse it as the other To make a light blue colour Take the flowers of the blue bottles among corne and pick them off then grynde them on a stone or morter and put therevnto a little viniger then temper it with allum as aforesayd so shall ye haue a fayre blue colour so may ye vse it incontinent for it will not last long but chaunge colour To make a white leather blue Take hengarten besien so calde in dutche which I take to be the low elder calde Dane worte seeth the sayde berries in water then with your hande styrre them well about and also breake them so done then seeth it agayne a while and so let it coole and being warme strike all ouer your leather once or twyse or as ofte as ye shall see cause then take of Endir so calde in duche and strewe of that pouder thereon and rub it in and so it wil do well Another way for red leather To make your red take a pound of Mosherumps with a little of vnquenched lyme then put thereto a pottle of water and let it stande a night then take two partes of other fayre water and a thirde part of chalke water with a quantitie of brasill then put all the sayde stuffe into a leaden pot and let it seeth till the halfe be consumed then it will be well and ye may vse it as the other To make a greene colour Take the leaues of an hearbe calde night shade then stampe or beate it in a morter of stone so temper it with Allum and so colour your skinnes therewith also ye may take of the greene berries of the greene bery tree which the paynters vse stampe them and so let them rest ten or twelue dayes then strayne them and put Allum water thereto and strike your skin therewith but firste make it warme and so vse it Another good greene Take one part of the foresayd lowe elder berryes and seeth them in sufficient water then put therein two ounces of brasill poulder and an ounce of walkers claye with a pottle of olde water let al these seeth a good while together then put in your beaten allum but not afore so shall it be a fayre colour as the other If ye will haue it a more darker colour ye must therewith strike twise all ouer your skinnes to haue it a lighter colour then ye shall mingle it with olde rayne water and so vse it To colour blacke Leather after the order in Germanye To colour leather black take a herring barrell and lay it three fingers thicke in the bottome with elder barkes then take the filinges of yron and strawe it all ouer the sayde barkes then take as much barke of elder agayne and lay it therein and so likewise your filings thereon as before Doe thus till the sayd barrell be three quarters filde and hath taken to the quantitie of foure pottels or more of the fylinges then take so much of rayne water as will fill it vp to couer it all ouer so let it stand a month or that ye doe colour therewith and euer as it waxeth emptye fill it vp agayne with filinges and rayne water as before in letting it stande so filde a month after and alwayes let the last couer be the fillings aboue and when ye list to colour therewith vnto three pottles of colour ye must haue iiii ounces of beaten galles and two ounces of coperas water then let it seeth together before yee dye that ye may coulour the better therewith thus yée may vse it at your pleasure To colour a white leather First take your skinnes and hang them in lyme water till they waxe supple or in chalke water and when they be well soked if ye will make hast of them first take of the heere and clense it out of the sayde water so that all the substaunce aforesayd be taken forth of the felles and being clensed then a day or more then wring the sayde water all cleane forth and let them drye and to vi felles put not aboue two ounces of Allum and lette your felles lye therein a nighte and a daye then wring them and drawe them well vntill they be all cleane and then vse them Another fayre red colour Take a felle or felles and weate them in Allum water and salt mingled together and to iiii ounces of salt take viii ounce of Allum to the weating of your sayde felles and also two ounces of lyme then seeth all in two pottles of rayne water then strayne it thorow a linnen cloth and wash therewith what fell ye will then spreade it abroade on the earth and take a woollen cloth and with the same lycor strike the sayd felles all ouer and so let them drye Then they will be ready for to receyue your colour then after that take at the least foure ounces of the lycor of the last end of a brewing with two ounces of brasill poulder then seeth all these in two pottles of the lye of sope ashes with one ounce of Allum and when it is well sod take it of the fyre and all to strike your felles therewith and thē let it drye and so they shall be ready and soft withall and here yee muste vnderstande with what colours yee shall strike your felles withall which is with the red and with blue and also greene for these shall chieflye abide and not go off also to weat your felles where linnen yearne hath bene soked in it will be likewise very good To colour a black spanish leather Take of Pomplemelc so calde in dutche and make it warme then washe your felles therewith till the whyte come no more off neyther forth thereof and to a small fell ye shall take foure ounces of Venis tot appelen so calde in dutche then beate it a little into peeces and cast of fayre water thereon and seeth it till it waxe soft so that ye may wring it betwixt your hands then strayne out the water thereof if it be too hote take a broade earthen panne and put the sayd licor therein then spread your skinne abrode and dip your felle therein till it be well weat doe it so iii. or iiii times then take good shoemakers colour or black so much as ye shal think good the which ye shal make the fell thorow moyst withal put thereto a little vitrial coporas then wring it wel forth lay it together and let it dry softly then take it or it be thorow drye and wring it between your hands for so it will be soft do so oftē times and when it is drye take of Goose greace or hogs greace in a woollen cloth and rub it therewith too and fro a good space before a fyre or by a hote ouen so rub and chafe it
your yron to make it hard But to harden Mayles Ares Knyues and such is to quench in the iuyce of radish also men oft tymes to make files hard do quenche in Linseede oyle or with scrapt horne or with gotes blood To harden tooles to hew all other Ye shall gather of fielde snayles or house snayles with their shelles then stampe them a little and distil them in a Lymbec and in that distild water harden your steele or yron but if ye wil haue it very hard ye shal take sande and brymstone and grinde them together and so strewe it on your yron or steele being red hote and then quenche it in the sayd water and they wil be very hard A way of hardning of Augars Persars and such like Ye shal take of mens vrine old and cold with the iuice of varuen and the iuice of wormes of ech like quantity then stur it wel altogether and so quench your mettals therin so farre as ye wil haue it hard then let it coole softly of it selfe till ye see spots like golde ryse thereon then take it out of the sayd water and they wil be wel To set a colour or Vernish on yron To vernish yron or steele take the gall of a Calfe and your yron or steele being cleane vernished take stryke with a cloth your gall thereon and then let it drye in the sunne and it will shew like a gold colour To colour tinne or copper or to colour the buckles of gyrdles and such Take of Linseede oyle so much as ye list set it on the fire and scymme it cleane then put therein of Amber and of Alopaticum in like portion then beat and styrre it wel altogether with the oyle ouer the fyre till it waxe thicke then take it from the fire and couer it close then set it in the earth three dayes and when ye list to occupy thereof stryke your mettall al ouer therewith and so let it drye as aforesayde in the Sunne and so yee shall haue a golden colour How to gylde vpon yron or steele Take a quantitie of wyne stone with as muche Salarmoniac and like of Verdegrece and some salt then seethe altogether in whyte wyne then stryke all ouer your burnished yron or Steele and let it burne in the sunne as before and ye may gyld thereon with commen gold as the order is and so it wil be fayre and good To gyld yron with a water Take of water or running water for iii. pound of water take two pound of roche allum and an ounce of vitriol Romayne and a peny weight of verdegreace of salgēma three ounces one ounce of Orpement then boyle al these together and when it begins to boyle put in some lyes of tartre and bay salt of euery halfe an ounce make it seeth and being soo a prety while take it from the fyre and thē strike your yron therewith then let it drye agaynst the fire and being drye burnish it and it wil be fayre To gylde gn yron another way Take iiii ounces of oyle lyne of Tartre or wine lyes two ounces and two ounces of the yeolkes of harde rosted egges stampt of Alio Cicotrinum one oūce a quarter of a dragm of saffron then boyle all these in an earthen pot a good space if the oyle of linseed couer not al that substance put therto sufficiēt of water then annoint your burnished yron therewith and it wil shew as the colour of golde To cast a siluer colour on copper for buckles of harnes and such Take of wyne stone of allum and of salt of ech like quantity then grynd them altogether on a paynters stone and put thereto a leafe or two of siluer and so grynde it well with the rest of your stuffe so done then put it in a leaded pot of earth and therin put your copper a little while so done then scrape it with your wyar brush then ye shal see if it be well if not let it remayne therein long and so wil it be fayre To gylde yron as Goldsmiths do with quicke siluer and gold foyle Take vitriol i. oūce allum ii oūce salarmoniac i. ounce then beate these into poulder and boyle it in commen water thē take your burnished yron all to weat it with the sayde water so then lay your goldfoyle theron dry it agaynst the fire then burnish it as men do so it wil looke fayre but if ye wil gylt with gold mixt with quickūluer as goldsmiths do ye shal put in a dragme of verdigreace with half ounce of Sublimatum so boyle them together let your yron boyle in the same water but being so great ye cannot then rub it therwith heat it to receiue better the colour with quick siluer and gold when yee haue so heated your yron ye may gyld with the same gold so mixt and then fume it with a fire lampe or brimstone or waxe A good way to burnish yron Take an ounce of Alopaticum citrinum an ounce of Amber then mix and beate them togither into a poulder then set it ouer the fyre of coles in a earthen pot make it not to hote at the fyrst but when it is molten put thereto a quantitie of seething oyle and stur it al wel together with a stick then let it rest take it from the fyre and coole and so keepe it and with this ye may vernish at pleasure as ye do other mettals To sowder on cold yron Take two ounces of Salarmoniac two ounces of salte two ounce of wynestone made in poulder ii ounce of clock spyce so calde in dutche vi ounces of looking glasse beate all these and mingle them well together then put them in a linnē cloth lay it round a finger thick with good clay which clay must be wel tempered Then put them in a leaded pot of earth couer it with another like pot of earth then set it softly on glowing coles so let it softly warme and by little little encrease your heat till the said stuffe be al glowing hote and run so done then let it coole from the fyre then take it forth and breake it small and so grynde it to a fyne poulder and when yee will sowder any yron yee muste make it fast on a borde and see that the ioyntes be sette close together as ye canne and firste lay a paper vnder your yron and put of the sayd poulder a little betwixt the sayd ioynts and also vpon al the ioynts then wrappe it all rounde with claye sauing aboue which yee shall leaue open to sowder at then take of the poulder of Burras and put it in wine luke warme or Aquauite and so let it melt therein so done take of the same wine and with a feather strike on the ioynts aboue which ve vncouered then it will begin to seeth so when it leaueth sething it is then whole sowdred and sound then being so take of your clay and such roughnesse as doeth remayne
and so it shal receiue the fume To take out spottes out of gownes and clothes Take the rootes of Limoniō cald in Latine in English I take it to be the wild Bete Take the rootes and seeth them in water and with the same water wash the spotty places in your gownes or other garments and it will be cleane To make a sope to take out spottes of oyle and of greace Take of good scowring sope and mixe it finely with the syfted ashes of a vyne of eche in like portion thē put therevnto a quantitie of the powder of burnt allum and also of the lies of wyne beaten into a fine pouder and put it therevnto then mixe and incorporate all these well together then make thereof square brickes or round bals and when yee shall haue neede to occupye thereof then take of warme water and rubbe and chafe all ouer your spottye places and then rubbe thereon with your sope ball if then it be not all cleane then must ye take your warme water agayne and rubbe and chaffe it as yee did before and then your sope and so at length ye shal haue it cleane forth A very good way to take out spottes of oyle out of clothes Fyrst ye shal take of the oyle of tartar and rubbe therwith on the spotty places and then scrape it away incontinent agayn then ye shall wash it well with luke warme water and three or foure times with colde water so then wring it foorth and see if all the spots be cleane out if not wash it agayne so long as you did before and so the cloth shal be as fayre as it was when it was new or before any spots came on it There is also another way for to take forth spots with this cyle of Tartar but because I haue not the true knowledge thereof I wil not here expresse it ¶ A sope water to take out all spots Also some doe vse to take the water wherein strawberries had bene sodde and with that water ye shal wete and soke the spottye places then take fayre water and washe out all the filth thereof so done take and hang it in the sonne to drye and it will be so cleane as before it was A way to take out yron moles out of all linnen cloth Take and wring forth so much of the iuice of the sowrest Orange or Limon that ye can get then take of the same iuyce and rubbe the place of the yron moll therwith so let it dry and euer as it dryeth in rubbe it ouer again thus doe often and euer as you haue wet it let it rest and drie in the sunne and at the length ye shall see it will bee all forth and cleane A way to take out spottes in scarlet or veluet of what colour or sort soeuer it bee not chaunging the colours Take a hearbe called of the surgeons Saponaria in frenche called Foullons in English Sopewort beat them oft and take out the iuyce and put thereof on the spottes then let it so rest the space of one houre if it be in sommer but if it be in winter let it rest foure houres then washe those spotty places with fayre cleane water so shall it be cleane to seeme too but put once agayne the sayde iuyce thereon Also if the scarlet be not dyde in the cleare grain then ye may put therevnto halfe of black sope with so much of the sayd iuyce so mingle it together and then frote it thereon then let it be washte in luke warme water and then ye shall see the spots cleane forth For this way is proouded by experience to be true Another way to take out yron moles out of linnen Make a chafer seeth full of water then take your cloth and wet it with the iuyce of Limons or sower Oranges or crabbes or sower wildinges and then holde it harde to the side of the chafer and euer as it dryeth in weat it still agayne till ye see the moll go forth for all these thinges aforesayd are good but the iuyce of Limons and Orenges are the best So euer as ye haue weate your spottes with the sayd iuyce hold it then hard vnto the syde of the chafer as is aforesayd thus doe vntill it weare awaye for this way hath bene proued true often Or take the boyling iuyce of Sorrell and lay it therin and rubbe it with the back of a spoone till it be out How to take out oylie spottes out of parchement or writing paper Take a mutton bone and burne it to poulder then let it be fyne beaten then put of this poulder on both sides of your spots and let it be prest betweene two hard boordes the space of two dayes then take it out and ye shal see the oyle to be cleane gone be it eyther parchment or paper Another way to take out spottes of paper Ye shall take off the water willow boughes and make ashes therof or ashes of the buds of the vine with the husks of greene beanes steepe them in water a day and a night then put of the same water on the spots then presse it and let it so remayne for a daye and a nighte or as ye shall see cause and ye shall see it will doe well A very good waye to take out spottes of clothes Take of the rootes of the hearbe called Gentian in english brome take and burne of it and make ashes thereof and with the ashes make a lie and with the said lie ye shal wash your spotty clothes and in a short space it will take away all the spots therof Well prooued A good way to take out spottes out of woollen Take ashe water and the powder of Allum together then take of the ashes thereof and lay it vpon the spottye places on the cloth and when it is drie doe sponge it off and ye shall see it cleane Another agaynst staines in linnen cloth Firste take your cloth and rubbe it well all ouer with baye salte then take an Orange and cutte it in two and wring the iuyce thereon and laye the sayde Orange vpon the spottes also and so lette it rest an hower or two then lay them in a bucke and wash them and they wil be fayre and cleane Or else ye may lay thereon the iuice of sorrell and salte and so put them into the buck as is afore sayd ¶ A way to keepe silke from stayning in the washing Take fayre water and seeth it and being all seething hote put therevnto of sope and let it so melt therein then take it from the fyre and let it coole til it be almost colde and then at your pleasure yee may washe therewith your clothes and it will scoure well and not stayne your silke and after ye haue washt them doe not let them lye weat long together but lay drye clothes betweene or else they he in daunger to stayne and this way you may saue both Sylke and Golde withoute chaunging of theyr colour ¶ Another verye
good way to keepe Golde from stayning Firste take your Golde and annoynte it all ouer with good Honye then sette it in the Sunne and lette it reste the space of halfe an houre and nowe and then lette it bee turnde in the Sunne Then after take and washe it in the foresayde sopie water and this way it shall neuer chaunge nor stayne but keepe colour long ¶ Howe to bucke linnen clothes and to scoure oute all spottes of greace Firste yee shall laye all your foule clothes to soke in colde water then driue them as yee doe a bucke of clothes and when they are well driuen then shall yee take them all forth of the bucking tubbe then laye them agayne abroade in the sayd tubbe without any lye and euer as ye lay them betwixt euery cloth scrape of chalke thinne all ouer thus when ye haue all layde them then put of your lye vnto them and so chaunge your lye twise or thrise after then take and wash them forth and they will be fayre and cleane without greace and very white withall ¶ A good way to keepe linnen fayre 20 yeares without remouing and will not waxe moulye nor rotte Fyrst take your linnen in marche so much as you intend to keepe vnremoued and washe them and then drye them fayre agayne So laye them vp in your cheastes vntill May next following then shall ye take them oute and wash them agayne when ye haue so washte them looke that ye doe then drye them thorowly and well and then folde them fayre vp and lay them in your chestes or presse and yee shall not neede for to remooue them in twentye yeares after yet they shall continue drye and well How to sponge woollen clothes Take a quart of fayre water and let it be heat luke warme on the fyre then take a quantitie of walkers clay and al to crush it therin then let it stand vntil it be cleare then poure that water into another potte and set it on the fyre agayne till it begin to seethe then take of Venice sope or other good sope and put thereof into the sayd water in stirring it well all about then take it of the fyre and all hote sponge or occupye therewith at your pleasure in making it alwayes warme euer when yee will occupye thereof How to make crane colour Fustian to be as fayre canuas as at the first First for the proofe thereof take a peece of crane colour Fustian and take also as much of the iuyce of Orenges or Limons as will weat the sayd peece thorowe then let it rest and drie in and the sayd Fustian wil be as faire canuas as it was before it was coloured thus if yee can get so much iuyce of Oranges or Limons for to serue your purpose yee maye returne the colour agayne what quantitie yee shall thinke good for this hath bene well proued Thinges to keepe moughths from clothes very good in sommer and other times The flying moughths will bee in the beginning of Iune and continue till August but they are chieflye from mid Iuly to mid August The running moughth he will continue in your cheasts all the yeare long winter and sommer whiche are greate spoylers of geare and other thinges For the flying moughth Take the powder made of drye Orange Pilles and the powder of Elecompane rootes mixt together and so cast it among your cloths also perfume in a chafingdish of coles your clothes therewith Thus you may vse quarterly and it will saue thē Or ye may take the powder of Arras with the powder of Ginoper also the powder of sitrinum cast among clothes saues them from moughths Wormewood or Lauendar small preuayleth Some vseth oyle of spyke to annoynte their cheasts and hang it in bladders therein Some laies the hearbe called Flewort in Latin pulicaris which if ye lay it in your chāber no flea wil breede some takes brimstone perfumes therewith but for the running mougth I know nothing but strong perfuming and remoouing your geare A way for to take out spottes of wollen clothes Take and seeth of common ashes in fayre water and the pouder of Allum together and then take of the sayde ashes and lay thereof on the spots and so rubbe it in then let it drye and when it is thorowly dryde then take a sponge and sponge it away as it is declared of the other afore ¶ A good way to helpe all staynes in thinne silkes and woollen clothe Take of good strong vineger and make it luke warme then dip a black cloth therein and then rubbe therewith your stainie spots al ouer so done thē take away so much of the sayd fylth as ye can with a spoone as for the reste ye must haue all ready a tailors yron hote and lay a peece of blacke cloth on the spottes betwixte the yron and the cloth and so drie out all the rest of the sayd filth with the hote yron and then yee shall see it will doe well and bee fayre A pleasaunt water to preserue linnen or any other thing yielding a pleasaunt sauour a long time after Take 2 pound of spike flowers as much of rose leaues one pound of cost mary with halfe a pound of marioram as much of Balnea two great handfull of Organy or peniryall foure ounces of mace a quarter of a pound of Arras poulder let all these well seke together in red wyne then put it all into a pot close stopte that the ayre doe not passe Let it stande so the space of foure and twentie houres then let it bee put into a distillitorie and see that it bee well stopte rounde aboute with flowre egges and water mixte well together and see that no ayre do come nor go oute but at the spoute onely Vpon the ende thereof ye shall hang a fine linnen cloth with a grayne of muske or Ambergreace within it vppon the which ye shall alwayes let the spoute droppe on and yee shall see it will be a pure water for that purpose ye shall also take to the distilling of the foresayd thinges halfe a pounde of baye leaues so shall this water be good for the purpose as is afore mentioned A good way to washe a shirte and saue the Golde or Silke thereon from staining Take a newe shirte fyrste of all afore it be euer weat and lay the coller and ruffes or silke in pisse somewhat warme halfe an houre space then take it forth and then wash him in hote schalding licar or seeth him and it shall neuer stayne the silke If ye haue not pisse yee maye take groundes of strong beare or ale and let the silke lye therin the night before ye doe wash it And this hath bene oft proued very true But alwayes ye must foresee that ye hang not your clothes in the hote sunne after they bee washte but laye another cloth thereon betwixte the Sunne and it or else the Sunne wyll chaunge both Golde Siluer and Silke Therefore it is better to hang them
in some place of shade after their washing if ye can Also to sope your water to much or your clothes is an occasion to staine both golde and silkes A very good way is first to melt your sope in the lycour and then let it coole and so to wash your clothes therein Agaynst clothes staynde with wine or vineger Take of warme Cow milke and wash your cloth therin or wash it in whay and salt other else as soone as your clothes are so staynde by mischaunce of wine or other thinges doe cast of salte thereon incontinent so then it will preserue it from stayning whether it bee wollen or linnen A very good way to take forth waxe or rosin dropte on silke wollen or linnen Whereas ye shal haue any such occasion to take forth waxe or Rosine dropt on any silkes or other clothes First ye shall make a pressing yron hote or some syluer spoone with a cole of fyre therein take eyther of them when they he hote and first whereas any Rosin or waxe is dropt yee shall first rubbe on the sayd droppes of waxe or rosin al ouer with the end of a tallow candle thē take eyther your yron or spoone aforesayd and holde it thereon laying a peece of broune paper betwixte your yron and your wax then after yee haue a little so touched it with the heate the waxe and tallow will mingle together and soke into the broune paper then take it off and annoynt it with the sayd tallow agayne and then holde your hote yron or spoone as before and thus ye must doe as aften as ye shal see cause vntill it be all cleane forth If the waxe be dropt thorow on both sides vse the one side like the other and so ye shall get it cleane and looke euer that ye shifte youre browne paper to a cleaner place from the place it was before touched with waxe and this order keeping it shall be al wel and cleane Often proued A sope to take out all spottes in woollen cloth Take of Venice sope a quarter of a pound the yolkes of three egges of salt finely beaten halfe a spoonefull of the iuyce of Betes halfe a spoonefull or as much as will make it thicke like a paste then make them into pretye balles and let them drye out of the heate of the sunne in some shadow place and whensoeuer ye will occupy thereof first wet your spots thorowe with fayre cleare water and then take your ball and rubbe it thereon and wash it then cleane forth as is afore mentioned of the other thus doe and yee shall see that they shall be cleane forth as before Another for the same Fyrste ye shall take of white sope halfe a pounde and shread it very small then take of the gall of an Oxe or of a hee Goate with some Allum of eyther of them an oūce take the yolkes of two egges with a quantitie of fine sifted ashes put them altogether in a morter and beat them and when they be well mixt make them into balles and whensoeuer ye shall neede thereof take of fayre warme water and rubbe the place all ouer therewith and then strike with your ball thereon and then shall ye rubbe cloth vpon cloth and washe it then foorth as aforesayde and it will be cleane Another way good to helpe spottes or staynes Ye shall first take halfe a gall of an Oxe the older the better of feny greke made in fyne poulder halfe a pounde a quarter of a pounde of white sope a gallon of strong common lye mixe altogether therein and set them on the fyre and seeth them softly till they be halfe wasted and whensoeuer ye will occupye thereof heate it warme and wash your spottes therwith in mixing it often with faire colde water and it shall doe well How to take out spots of white silkes or other coloures Take of the best and strongest Aquavite three pintes with the which you shall wete your spottes take a new layde egge and beate it and rub thereon your said spots and so set in the sonne and let it drye in this done washe it then with a fresh and cleare water and then wring or presse the sayd water forth or presse it betwixt your hāds and so they shall be cleane as for cloth in grayne ye maye wash the spots well with Allum water then rubbe cloth vnto cloth and so wash it forth with cleare water agayn and it will be well If it be not at the first all cleane oute doe so likewise agayne so long as ye shal see cause of any spots remayne and so they shal be well A proued way how to take out oylie spottes out of cloth Take of the oyle of Tartar so much as wil couer your other staynes and put it thereon and straighte way take it off agayne and washe it then well with fayre warme water Then take cold water also and wash it iii or foure times ouer after that in chaunging it still with new water this done you shal see it will be as fayre as the rest and as it was before Another way to take out all waxe Rosin or pitche on Silkes or other clothes First take of tallow or other greace be it salt or fresh and melte it and being seething hote put thereof on your sayd spottes of waxe Rosine or Pitche then take of hote licor and hold your sayd spottes therein then rub cloth vpon cloth betwixt your hāds So done then wring forth the sayd greazie water and if ye then see it will not be al cleane forth serue it so agayne annoynting your sayde spottes with tallowe or greace and then doe cleanse foorth the greasye water as afore is mentioned For this waye hath bene well and often proued and doeth helpe ¶ To take foorth gteace out of Silke Veluet Moccado or others Take and heate water and put a handful of cleane feathers therin then let it coole til ye may suffer your hād therin lay your silke abroad and take your feathers and rub al ouer the spot then rub therouer with Castile sope and then with your feathers again al vp down weting them twise or thrise and so rub it vp down thē wring it a little dry it in the sunne or wind but if it be Veluet after ye haue so rubde it the veluet wil lye then must ye take a cloth of woollen heat it thē annoynt it light ouer with butter chafe your cloth together to rub in the butter thē heat it a little rub your veluet vp down therwith it wil then rise again and be as fayre as before To take out spottes of cloth They take the straight bones in sheepes feete that are sodde and drye them and make them into poulder with the which you shall lay on the spotted cloth layde in the Sunne and rubbe this poulder thereon till it goe all foorth To dye wooll red Ye shall put too foure pounde of woollen yearne tenne
white cloth linnen or woollen or silke yearne to doe it well yee shall gall and Allome it well Ye must take an hearbe called Foli in dutche that shall ye finde by ditches banks take a pound thereof that is drie this is in tuftes and it is hote like wee ashes and carnation in sight therewith men doe make a red carnation woollen cloth with the greene or white or of silke and if any carnation haue lost his colour or if anye carnation haue lost his dye with that ye shall dye it agayne that it shall not leese his colour and to foure elles of cloath ye shall take a pound gruis or of that hearbe afore named whiche ye shall beate to pouder Then shall yee take lye made of Oke ashes mixe a parte therewith and another part of cleare pisse cleare and old of eche like muche If ye will haue a light dye take pisse newe made and of the foresayde lye in like much therewith ye shall dye with the foresaid poulder put therein as it is sod put in that which ye woulde dye and seethe it two houres long and then let it drye To dye Linnen Ye shall firste take to one stone of flockes fyue pound of sope ashes which are calde in Dutche Wee Asseen of the best with sixteene gallons of water seeth it together an houre long and then let it cleare one nighte then gentlye poure of the vppermost thereof and seeth your flockes therein one houre long and then prooue if your flockes or silke be ynough sod also take a little of your Flockes in your hande and thrust it hard to a redde cloth also put it in your mouth and if it go by and by aparte like a rype apple then it is ynough sod Thē spōge it in fayre water and then putte it in branne water according to the quantitie of the woollen cloth and seeth your Flocks therein then take it out thereof and take brasill and put it in water according to the quantitye of the linnen that is to ech elle of cloth foure ounces of Brasill and as the brasil hath sod a while then strayne the brasil thorow a cloth and put it agayne into your Kettle and your Flocks also and let them seeth then take a Ladle full of lye and put it therin thus shall ye make it as hye as you will and if yee will haue it more higher then put more lye therein also for three pounde of Flockes take foure ounces of Allum and seeth them together and if yee will seeth dyde Flockes take lye of Sope ashes as before it is written which yee shall seeth with Sope ashes then scoure it and lette it drye To dye cloth with facet Wood. As ye will dye cloth with faucet Wood ye must make your lye with sope ashes of Denmarke and rayne water which ye shall let stand three houres long then seeth it but the Woad must be first sod in the lye and when it is sodde let it bee cooled with other colder and sharper lye with the last lye ye shall put too one pounde of yearne a great peece of Allum and put it therein Then shal ye put that dye into a fayre Kettle or fatte then take two ounces of spanishe greene which ye shal soke therein two or three houres long then tosse and push it vp and downe twise or thrise and wring it and with colder lye put therein and tesse it with a dishe too and froe Also another manner is take a dishe full of vnflect lyme and quenche it with water then take too dishe full of wood ashes and mixe it with the chalke all together well and there of yee shall make a good strong lye and let it three or foure times run thorow the tubbe then take the faucet woad and hew or cut it in small peeces cast it into the lye and let it seeth therein halfe an houre long Then put therein sope ashes and let it seeth another good halfe hower take it then off put thereto spanish greene let it boile twise or thrise and then sponge it also with three pound of faucet woad it behoueth to haue two ounces of spanish green as the cloth haue bene in the first licor if then it be too broune or too yealow then put thereto of wyne ashes a little allū To dye woollen cloth sanguine To dye woollen cloth fayre ye shall first seethe good rye meale in fayre water and then put it in a fayre tubbe or pan Then cast fayre water thereon and let it so stande three dayes to cleare then take of that water put therein two ounces of allum to an elle of cloth and let it seethe two houres long then let it hang coole without wringing Then put that water forth of the vessell with the meale and put therein a pound of the best grening wede and heate that also but let it not seeth thē put your cloth therein tosse it wel with your hands without seething and take it forth and put it in a panne with fayre lye and let it lye therein and so let it drye and it will be a red If yee will make fayrer you must haue of brasill take an ounce of Allum and allum it as aforesaide in another water then seeth two ounces of allum with that brasill in branne water made and as the brasill haue sod a while therein so put therein of cold water then take so muche thereof out as will weat your cloth in and styrre it well therein then shall ye take of other dye vntil the time that it hath sufficient ynough if yee will haue the same a sanguine lay it in fayre lye of Sope ashes and there it will haue a fayre sanguine dye To dye woollen yearne or cloth To make this dye put too foure pounde of woollen yarne or cloth two pounde of woad Put this woad in a Kettle and cast therein of fayre water then cast agayne halfe a tin dishe full of ashes out of the fyre and as soone as it seethes put your woollen yarne therein then let it seeth eyght or nyne pater noster whiles long then putte your yarne forth and put a little water in out of the kettle and then a few ashes out of the harth and put your woollen yarne agayne therein and so let it seeth a good while if it be a broune blue it shall be a darke greene and if it be white woollen yearne so it shal be a yealow colour Agayne to dye woollen yearne As ye will dye woollen yarne that is greene youre yearne ye shall first seeth in branne water whiche is to vnderstand to foure pound of yarne ten ounces of Allum and let it seeth two houres then wring that out and put it in the dye thus made To foure pound of wooll yearne take two pound of woad and seeth the woad well with hearth ashes in lye made a day before so let it seethe the fourth part of an houre then
and put all in a hearing barrell or vessel Then take gruis or swarfe this shal be a thurden dele of the fat the other two parts shal be fayre water so let it stand three weekes long so stirre it often wel about and put your gray silke therein and as this is done so shall ye hang it to dry and so put it in agayn so often til that it be black ynough In steede of galles ye maye take harkes of Oke and shoemakers blacke To make gray flore Take flore and lay it to soke 24 houres then wring it out thorow a cloth then take lye of wyne ashes spread it 2 houres long on a fayre table then take the sayd lye and put it in three vessels and take the Flore put it into one of the vessels Then put it wel forth then put that Flore in the least vessell then so in the middest and in the firste but eare ye put the linnen therin put in vineger wring it out To dye silke red Take of good wood ashes make a good lye therof put therin of willow or facet woad barbary wood or yelow wood soke them therin an houre then seeth a quarter of an houre then put your cloth therein put in a little spanish greene but that cloth ye must first allum it To make a black water to dye with A blacke water to dye all maner of silke clothes ye shall take halfe a pound of gall nots and put thereto somewhat lesse then a pottle of water and an ounce of swarfe of the grindstone and a good deale of the fylings of yron make it seeth and put thereto a quarter of a pound of coperas and seeth all to the halfe and put therein a pounde of gūme arabic then seeth it till al the gumme be melted Then set it from the fire the older it is the better it wil be ¶ To make a thicke water to worke on yealow silke Take a pottle of the best vernice ye can put in an ounce of brimstone in fine poulder half an ounce of Camphyer then seeth it a while and let it coole then strayne it thorow a cloth also with this ye shal worke thinne and this must be sod with the fourth part of gumme Arabic To worke on yealow silke white gray or azure colour Take a pottle of Conduite water and a fourth part of Arsenicke in poulder and two ladle full of woad cut the woad in small peeces and make it seeth as hering that is softly then set it from the fyre and put therein so much of graynes as ye put in porrage and herein also ye shall put in of gumme of Arraby so much as you shall seeme good To make a red water Take a pottle of fayre water and a fourth parte of gumme and halfe a pot of faucet woad so cald in dutche and then seeth it together till three pintes be consumed then set it from the fyre and herein yee shall put halfe an ounce of spanish greene and then put in also of graynes so much as ye doe in seasoning your pottage To make a red with brasill Take your Linnen to one pound take a fourth part of Allum but first seeeth allum then laye your linnen therein the space of two houres then take of beaten galles and put water thereto then lay your linnen therein and put in a quarter of a pounde of brasill and an ounce of gumme of Arabie Then let it seeth a fourth part in and then put in your Linnen If you will haue it a redde then put in no galles To make a red water for white silke or woollen greene yealow violet or azure Take a pottle of running water and an ounce of brasill seeth these till the halfe be consumed Then take it from the fyre and put in so many graynes as ye put vnto a pot of porage and a fourth part of gumme But if ye wil make it a light red put it into another fat whereas there is a quarter of a pound of Allum made in poulder and so let it rest all a night and it will do well To make a blew Take three partes of Sope ashes and one parte of vnquenched lyme and make a lye thereof and then lette it cleare then strayne it thorow a thicke cloth and yee shall take xv quartes of the sayd lye and put thereto a pounde of Bloemen so calde in dutche then styrre it all well together with a staffe and warme it ouer the fyre so that ye may not scant suffer your hande therein but firste your cloth must be sod in Allum and also dryed then put it in the warme dye two or three tymes then after if yee will haue it black or light colour so ye may vse it but before all things your dye must be warmed ere ye dye or colour therewith To make a fayre sanguine dye Take vpon eche elle of linnen sixe galles beaten into poulder and then take three gallons of water put into a tubbe and put the poulder of the galles thereto sturre them well togither then laye your linnen therein and turne and wend it well Then take and wring it drye out then let it lye therein agayne two houres long but at ech houre ye must wring it as before and lay it therein again in the tubbe and as it hath layne two houres so wrong out then take one ounce of Allum of the best and three gallons of water in a Kettle and make it well and hote redy to seeth till all be well molten then set it from the fire and put your linnen therein do it as ye haue done before agayne two houres long then after that take a panne and put therein two gallons of water and warme that lyke the other then take three ounces of brasil and cast it therein agayne let it seeth a quarter of an houre then take a good quart of water and cast it therein seething and take a quart of that dye and lay your linnen therein six or vii pater nosters long so that the dye be dronke all in the sayde cloth then wring it forth and handle it well then laye the cloth agayne in that dye tosse it and turne it and wend it well therein and let it lye so long therin as aforesayd and so wring it out then take the thyrd colour and lay it therin and let it lye therin a quarter of an houre and so it wil be well A light red dye for skinnes To dye a fayre light red take xiiii drye skins as they come from Antwerp and put them in the riuer or in water two dayes and two nights then take them out of the sayd water and put into a fat a Kettle full of vnquenched lyme or chalke and put so muche water thereto as the felles maye well be couered therein then sturre them wel with a staffe altogether and put your felles therein then turne and tosse them well if it be in
and lay it a night therein and a daye so it shall be very soft if ye will haue it hard agayne so quench it in cold water as the other aforesayd Another way to soften yron Take your yron red hote then quenche it in Linseede Oyle doe this so often till ye shall perceiue it to be soft ynough and another is take the blood of Eeles and make your yron hote and quenche therein Agayne to make yron soft Take of clay and lappe it round about your yron with a weat cloth then lay it in a hote fyre of coles or in a fyre of white turffes so lette it lye till hee coole by himselfe Another to soften yron Take the iuyce of an hearbe calde in latine Marubium in English Horehound with the iuyce of gherwe so calde in duche which I take to be Henbane and also the iuyce of Radish and mixe them with Aquauite then quenche therein and when yee will haue it harde agayne then make it red hote as before and quenche it in colde water To make yron as softe as leade Take and make blacke flintes into a fine pouder and grynde it well vpon a paynters stone thē put it in an yron panne and make it red hote then cast it on a marble stone till it be nye colde and then agayne make it red hote then let it coole and grynde it so long till it cleaue to the stone and grynder lyke clay then put that in a glasse and set it vnder the eaues of a house where the sunne commeth not nye in the day then the night after take out the water that ye shall finde in the glasse aboue thereon then take that pouder and grinde it with the water and put it in a stillatory and let it stille out the halfe then reuerse the water agayne vpon the poulder and still it agayne with a soft fire then take and seeth that water till the halfe bee wasted so done then take some yron blade that is newe broke in two put it together holde it so a little while then take of the water which was sod to the halfe with a fether lay it fyrst on the one side of the blade and when that water is colde then lay it on the other side and it wil sowder fast with that water And with this water ye may make steele as soft as lead or butter to make thereof with tooles as in waxe what ye list Also this water is a souerayne thing to helpe the goute if therewith it be annoynted where the greefe is it wil soone remedy it With this water ye may make letters on yron or steele to write with a water thereon with your pen. Then after take of the vnsodden water and put thereto some saffron and grynde it together and then draw thereon what ye will with other water and so let it drye which shall seeme a fayre colour like golde thus ye may mixe and grynde any colour ye please with your sodden water and it will shew in like fayre To make Steele or yron soft Take the iuyce of Hemloc stamp and strayne it then put vnto it of neates Oyle and so warme it and beeing warme make your yron or steele red hote and quenche therein and then heate your yron agayne three or foure times and so quenche therein til ye see your yron become soft and bow like leade also ye may take oyle and droppe into it molten leade three or foure times therin quenche your yron or steele also To make yron or steele so soft that ye maye easily wreath it Take the gall of a Bull or of an Oxe and mixe it with Vernice and pisse with the iuyce of Nettles eche of lyke quantitie then make your Steele or yron red hote and so quenche therein and ye shall see experience To make yron soft another way Take Saluiter Vitrioll in poulder made and well beaten together then yee shall distill them in a Lymbec of glasse Then take the sayd distylde water and your yron which ye would haue softe lay it therein a day and a night then take out your yron and couer it in hote horse dongue the space of fifteene dayes then worke therewith and ye shall see experience Also in making your yron red hote ye may quenche it in Oxe dongue or Cowe dongue mirt with honye and Oyle olyue Then heate it and so often quenche therein and ye shall see it will be so softe that ye may make or worke with it at your pleasure Another good way to soften yron Take hony and scymme it cleane and then take of fresh new gotes pisse a quantitie of roche Allum as muche of Burras also of Oyle olyue and salt in like portion then mixe them all wel together and make your yron red hote and so quenche therein Agayne when ye would soften any yron or steele firste holde it ouer the flame of the fyre til it be hote thē stryke it ouer with suet or other greace then holde it ouer the fire and let it dry in do so twise or thrise and it will be soft Also take of horne and scrape it vpon leather and put thereto Salarmoniac and pisse thereon then turne your yron theron being hote til it hath consumed your leather and stuffe and so it will be soft Likewise take of Salarmoniac of vnsseet lyme of eche like of Venis sope more then both the other stur all well together and lay your steele therein and make it moyste with Vineger so let it rest therein foure dayes and work therwith ye may vse final peeces so but for greater take cow dongue whites of egges and clay temper it with vineger and lay your steele therein Another take salt wyne stone of ech in like portion temper it with clay altogether and so lay your steele therin so lay it in the fyre the space of two houres then take it forth and let it coole of it self and it will be soft Agayne take of sope and vnsleked lyme of eche in lyke portion and of Salarmoniac somewhat lesse and work make a paste thereof then lay your yron or steele therin so lap it round with clay and lay it in the fyre and heat it red hote and then take it forth and let it coole of it self as the other aforesaid and then ye may worke therof at your pleasure A poulder to soften mettals Take iiii parts of looking glasse of galles of other glasse of salt of ech one part beat myx them all well together iii. parts of that same pouder i. part of your mettal and melt them together and so vse it as ye please To make yron harde To make yron hard yee shall take the distilde water of Varuen and heate your yron red hot and quench it therein do thus viii or ix times and ye shal see it very hard also another which is take the greene iuyce of Marubium cald in English horehound with the iuyce of radish mixt
with some Aquauite your yron being red hote quenche therin or take the sayd horehound and dry or burn it and then make poulder therof mixe it with much salt harden therewith Another way to harden yron Take of Antimonia Callamint and Coperose beat ech by himselfe to poulder and then strew therof on your gloing yron and so heate it agayne and all to smeare it with these poulders agayne then temper it with this iuyce following Take the iuyce of Celondine as much of the roots as blades till x pounde waighte and stampe thēm and seeth the iuyce to sixe pounde and when yee will season any mettall quenche in the sayd iuyce of Celidon and it shall be hard To harden hammers and knyues To harden all maner of edge tooles ye shal take horse dongue and then make your Kniues or other tooles redde hote and so quenche it therein also to take the filinges of yron or steele and they will harden also or take shoes and burne them till they be black and make a pouder thereof and take of that poulder with the like quantitie of salte then straw it vnder and aboue your fyles whiche shall bee layde in a square yron couered with a lid of yron ye shall straw your pouder thick theron and then shut it This ye shall make red hote altogither in a hote fire and quicklye quenche it in cold water and so let it coole therein and it will be good and hard To harden another way all kinde of tooles Take the iuyce of Pentasilon that growes in heathes which is a fiue leaued grasse calde of some synke foyle with so much of the iuyce of Wormewood keepe this in a vessell of glasse Then take Pieren so calde in dutche and stampe it and straine it thorow a cloth and al too strike ouer with this your yron being red hote and as it dryeth in strike it so agayne and it wil make it hard Another good to harden yron or steele Take the iuyce of an hearbe called Nigil Romana in Latine it is calde Melanthia and make your yron red hot and quenche therein Agayne to make yron so harde that it will cut all other tooles make it red hote and quenche it in the iuyce of Mouse eare whiche is called in Latine Pilocella To harden yron so hard as steele Take Snayles and the first drawne water of a red die of the which water being taken in the two firste moneths of haruest when it raynes then still it or taken in the end of May then heate your yron red hote and quench it therin and it shal be as hard as steele Also take Fimus humanus the dongue of men still it in a Lymbec so that no water come therevnto it and that it maye bee somewhat drye when ye stille it and take ye heede of his sauour the water ye shal distil twise in a new glasse in Balneo mary that is one glasse within another in a pot of water Ye may do the like stil mens blood of a man of xxx yeres and of sanguine complexion warme and moyst and being of a mery nature and pleasaunt and whole sound of body such a man to be let blood in the middest of his age and that hath plenty of blood distil of his in the middst of may or in May. And thus by proofe and also the water of mans dong if it be wel and rightly stild heate your yron glowing hote and quenche in that water so it wil make it as hard as steele But if that water be not rightly stilde the yron wil not harden therewith but bee as soft as it was before To make yron or steele hard Take the iuyce of Varuen cald in Latine var bena and strayne it into a glasse and ye wil quenche any yron take thereof and put to of mens pisse and the distilde water of wormes so mixe altogether and quenche therein so farre as ye will haue it hard but take heede it be not too harde therfore take it forth soone after and let it coole of it self for when it is well seasoned ye shall see golden spottes on your yron Also the common hardning of yron or steele is in cold water snow water so when the edge shall seeme blue after his hardning signifieth a good sign and a right hardning To make steele hard and to cut well Take an hearbe calde oxe tongue or langdebefe seeth it in water both the rootes and leaues then make your yron or steele red hot and quench therin and ye shal see experience Also take the yelo flagge cald in Latine spatula faetida some doe call it spurge wort take with it Varuayne of eyther like quantitie then seeth them together in fayre water a good space and then let them stand and cleare til it be cold then heate your yron or steele red hote quench therein Yee maye make mustard and put vineger vnto it and quenche your mettals therein Also ye may take the iuyce of earth wormes with the iuyce of housleeke beate them together then strayne them and quenche therein or take of mens heare and heare of beastes and seeth them in water til the water wax reddish colour thē let it coole strayn it and quench therein Also some do quench in the iuice of radish the iuyce of smallage mixt together and the fyne poulder of rosin put therin and therein quenche your mettals Agayne they take the iuyce of Veruin and the iuyce of an hearbe calde Dragons blood and of scraped horne with halfe so muche salt the iuyce of earth wormes and the iuice of radish put al these together aforesayd and therein quench your mettals this way aforesayd are very good to make your mettals so hard as ye would desire make them whole fayre and bright withal To make yron hard without any crackes clefts or warpinges Take first suet or tallow of a beast and melt it then put it in some pot or some other vessell whereas colde water is and this molten suet must be a finger thicke vppon the sayde water and when ye will harden any thing ye must put it downe softly thorow the suet into the sayde water and the quenching first in the suet and then in the Water it doth saue it withoute cracke clefte or warping Another way to harden yron Take the iuyce of Varuin and take of land wormes in the field after the plough or a nights in gardens and put a pinte of those wormes into a leaded pot then put vnto a good handfull of salt then stur them wel and so there will come a water of them and that water straynde vnto the water or iuyce of varuin and when they bee together yee shall quenche therein This way is good for al weapons A way to harden Pikeaxes Fyles or other tooles Take the iuyce of Radish the iuyce of Cadloc the iuice of great worms a quantitie of gotes blood mix altogether your weapons being ground quenche therein likewise