the_o same_o rule_n the_o effect_n will_v be_v find_v always_o very_a near_o the_o same_o at_o least_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o that_o i_o have_v miss_v very_o often_o when_o i_o go_v to_o work_v at_o a_o venture_n but_o since_o i_o have_v find_v out_o way_n thus_o to_o rule_v i_o i_o have_v always_o succeed_v very_o well_o unless_o by_o some_o mischance_n yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o we_o will_v put_v into_o the_o pot_n much_o less_o meat_n than_o it_o can_v hold_v the_o pressure_n in_o this_o can_v not_o be_v make_v so_o great_a as_o in_o the_o engine_n and_o indeed_o i_o have_v sometime_o pot_n break_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n press_v upon_o they_o hard_o than_o they_o can_v bear_v the_o weight_n hang_v from_o the_o rod_n lm_o can_v not_o give_v i_o any_o notice_n of_o the_o pressure_n in_o the_o pot_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o put_v in_o too_o much_o than_o too_o little_a meat_n or_o if_o you_o please_v to_o do_v all_o exact_o and_o lose_v nothing_o you_o may_v follow_v the_o direction_n give_v chap._n 2._o exper._n 12._o because_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o contrivance_n describe_v afore_o to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o pressure_n for_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n will_v shake_v the_o weight_n and_o open_a the_o valve_n p_o you_o must_v instead_o of_o that_o leave_v your_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la empty_v enough_o that_o the_o intend_a heat_n may_v just_o make_v the_o intend_a inward_a pressure_n for_o example_n if_o you_o will_v make_v ten_o pressure_n in_o your_o engine_n with_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n that_o may_v dry_v up_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 5_o second_o you_o be_v to_o put_v in_o your_o engine_n but_o ⅞_n of_o the_o water_n it_o can_v hold_v and_o give_v but_o the_o say_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o inward_a pressure_n will_v be_v about_o ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n as_o you_o may_v see_v chap._n 2._o exper._n 16._o by_o that_o mean_v you_o may_v instead_o of_o the_o iron_n rod_n and_o of_o the_o weight_n fasten_v the_o little_a valve_n p_o with_o a_o screw_n and_o that_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a if_o the_o little_a pipe_n hh_v be_v cast_v with_o small_a appendix_n as_o the_o cylinder_n aa_n only_a thing_n need_v not_o be_v strong_a here_o because_o the_o aperture_n be_v but_o little_a it_o will_v not_o be_v requisite_a to_o know_v all_o the_o several_a quantity_n of_o water_n necessary_a to_o make_v all_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o pressure_n with_o all_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o for_o ordinary_a use_n it_o will_v be_v enough_o to_o keep_v always_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o engine_n and_o find_v by_o experience_n what_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v necessary_a for_o every_o operation_n with_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n i_o wish_v i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o do_v thing_n as_o well_o as_o i_o have_v describe_v they_o here_o than_o i_o can_v precise_o say_v what_o quantity_n of_o coal_n or_o wood_n be_v necessary_a for_o every_o operation_n but_o my_o affair_n be_v always_o uncertain_a i_o have_v build_v no_o furnace_n but_o have_v always_o set_v my_o engine_n in_o a_o chimney-corner_n and_o put_v the_o fire_n in_o the_o say_a corner_n between_o the_o chimney_n and_o the_o engine_n so_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a i_o have_v not_o keep_v the_o fire_n so_o well_o as_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o good_a furnace_n nevertheless_o i_o will_v venture_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o several_a thing_n i_o have_v already_o do_v with_o this_o engine_n because_o that_o will_v be_v a_o good_a help_n still_o to_o find_v more_o easy_o the_o quantity_n of_o fire_n fit_a for_o other_o engine_n to_o be_v make_v hereafter_o i_o believe_v also_o that_o the_o proportion_n between_o two_o several_a operation_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o engine_n i_o have_v find_v for_o example_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o coal_n necessary_a to_o boil_v mutton_n be_v by_o 2_o 7_o lesser_o than_o the_o quantity_n necessary_a to_o boil_v beef_n so_o when_o you_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n what_o quantity_n be_v necessary_a to_o boil_v beef_n in_o any_o engine_n you_o must_v take_v less_o by_o 2_o 7_o when_o you_o will_v boil_v mutton_n in_o the_o same_o engine_n and_o so_o proportionable_o for_o other_o operation_n but_o before_o i_o come_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o experiment_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o say_v that_o after_o i_o have_v make_v the_o first_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la shut_v by_o screw_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o make_v another_o shut_v without_o any_o screw_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o great_a oval_n valve_n apply_v inward_o but_o that_o may_v be_v take_v quite_o out_o because_o of_o its_o oval_a shape_n which_o have_v be_v describe_v for_o the_o windgun_n in_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n book_n about_o physico-mechanical_a experiment_n print_v this_o year_n 1680._o that_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la be_v 6_o inch_n over_o and_o 18_o inch_n deep_a so_o that_o i_o can_v put_v in_o a_o pot_n that_o will_v hold_v 9_o or_o 10_o pound_n of_o meat_n together_o but_o because_o the_o great_a valve_n be_v not_o make_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v its_o figure_n exact_o paper_n can_v make_v it_o right_o i_o do_v always_o make_v use_n of_o leather_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o because_o leather_n melt_v in_o such_o hot_a water_n it_o can_v hold_v long_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n drive_v it_o away_o and_o the_o water_n get_v loose_a nevertheless_o when_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o good_a strong_a leather_n of_o a_o equal_a thickness_n i_o have_v be_v able_a sometime_o to_o soften_v the_o big_a bone_n of_o a_o leg_n of_o beef_n without_o spoil_v the_o meat_n but_o sometime_o also_o when_o the_o leather_n be_v not_o good_a the_o meat_n be_v spoil_v and_o the_o bone_n can_v not_o be_v soften_v therefore_o i_o use_v that_o engine_n but_o seldom_o however_o if_o such_o can_v be_v make_v that_o will_v hold_v with_o paper_n alone_o without_o leather_n this_o latter_a way_n may_v be_v better_o than_o the_o first_o because_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o iron_n hold_v not_o long_o so_o that_o we_o must_v look_v to_o fasten_v the_o screw_n from_o time_n to_o time_n but_o in_o this_o latter_a engine_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o hard_a will_v the_o valve_n be_v shut_v nevertheless_o i_o will_v advise_v you_o rather_o to_o shut_v the_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la with_o screw_n till_o the_o workman_n be_v more_o skilful_a in_o the_o make_v such_o valve_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o way_n how_o to_o use_v it_o safe_o i_o shall_v now_o come_v to_o the_o experiment_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v know_v some_o of_o its_o propriety_n and_o use_v but_o because_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n give_v occasion_n to_o some_o physical_a observation_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o relate_v they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o the_o subject_n in_o hand_n i_o have_v therefore_o distinguish_v they_o by_o the_o character_n that_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v by_o those_o who_o care_v not_o for_o such_o thing_n chap._n ii_o experiment_n for_o cook_n experiment_n i._n jvne_n 2._o have_v fill_v my_o pot_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o breast_n of_o mutton_n and_o weigh_v seven_o ounce_n of_o coal_n i_o light_v the_o fire_n the_o heat_n come_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o dry_v up_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o second_o time_n and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v about_o nine_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o remain_a coal_n to_o weigh_v about_o half_a a_o ounce_n so_o that_o there_o have_v be_v but_o 6½_n ounce_n consume_v nevertheless_o the_o meat_n be_v take_v out_o be_v find_v to_o have_v contract_v a_o empyreumatical_a taste_n and_o the_o juice_n of_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n so_o strong_a as_o when_o the_o meat_n be_v not_o overdo_v experim._n ii_o june_n 4._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n and_o i_o take_v but_o 6½_n ounce_n of_o coal_n but_o by_o blow_v i_o make_v such_o a_o heat_n that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 2_o second_n the_o remain_a coal_n do_v not_o weigh_v full_a half_a a_o ounce_n and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v a_o little_o great_a than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n now_o although_o the_o quantity_n of_o coal_n have_v be_v
reckon_v this_o as_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o more_o brisk_o we_o press_v the_o fire_n the_o more_o effect_n it_o produce_v with_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o coal_n this_o experiment_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o make_v another_o that_o may_v manifest_o show_v that_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o advance_v coction_n therefore_o i_o take_v two_o little_a vessel_n very_o like_o one_o another_o and_o well_o fasten_v by_o screw_n one_o of_o they_o be_v well_o sodder_v every_o where_o but_o the_o other_o have_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v in_o its_o cover_n for_o the_o vapour_n to_o get_v out_o these_o vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o meat_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o put_v together_o in_o the_o same_o bath_n of_o sand_n and_o leave_v there_o in_o a_o equal_a heat_n for_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n i_o take_v they_o off_o both_o together_o and_o find_v that_o the_o meat_n that_o have_v be_v exact_o shut_v up_o be_v rather_o over_o than_o under_o do_v but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n too_o raw_a therefore_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o also_o among_o the_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o great_a effect_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o same_o heat_n and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n experim._n vii_o have_v find_v some_o difference_n between_o beef_n and_o mutton_n the_o one_o being_n hard_o to_o be_v boil_v than_o the_o other_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o see_v whether_o there_o will_v not_o be_v some_o difference_n also_o between_o flesh_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o of_o different_a age_n therefore_o june_n 4._o i_o take_v lamb_n and_o fill_v two_o glass_n with_o it_o and_o put_v some_o water_n into_o one_o of_o they_o now_o since_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n have_v be_v enough_o to_o boil_v mutton_n i_o take_v but_o four_o ounce_n and_o half_a for_o the_o lamb_n think_v it_o will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v boil_v i_o press_v the_o fire_n as_o brisk_o as_o i_o can_v but_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v not_o dry_v away_o in_o less_o than_o 11_o or_o 12_o second_n the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v eight_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o heat_n be_v but_o so_o little_a which_o may_v be_v because_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o coal_n have_v be_v once_o already_o kindle_v the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a i_o find_v but_o one_o dram_n of_o coal_n that_o have_v not_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o glass_n without_o water_n the_o bone_n be_v soften_v at_o some_o of_o the_o end_n only_o but_o in_o the_o glass_n with_o water_n the_o bone_n be_v all_o very_a soft_a yet_o the_o meat_n be_v much_o less_o savoury_a than_o in_o the_o other_o vessel_n this_o experiment_n cause_v i_o to_o think_v 1._o that_o the_o bone_n of_o young_a beast_n require_v almost_o as_o much_o fire_n as_o those_o of_o old_a one_o to_o be_v boil_v 2._o that_o water_n be_v a_o dissolver_n fit_a to_o soften_v bone_n but_o that_o it_o impair_v the_o taste_n experim._n viii_o propriety_n that_o i_o may_v know_v pretty_a near_o what_o difference_n may_v be_v find_v as_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o operation_n when_o the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o or_o when_o it_o be_v all_o take_v off_o and_o quench_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v come_v to_o the_o intend_a degree_n july_n 5._o i_o fill_v again_o two_o glass-pot_n with_o lamb_n as_o before_o and_o have_v kindle_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o coal_n i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o present_o i_o take_v off_o all_o the_o fire_n i_o find_v the_o bone_n in_o the_o pot_n without_o water_n a_o little_o soft_a than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n i_o find_v they_o all_o very_a soft_a but_o the_o meat_n be_v not_o at_o all_o spoil_v so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v near_o the_o same_o to_o press_v the_o fire_n with_o 4_o ½_n ounce_n of_o coal_n so_o as_o to_o dry_v away_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 10_o second_o and_o then_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o or_o to_o press_v the_o fire_n with-six_a or_o seven_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o then_o take_v it_o all_o off_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o therefore_o the_o same_o proportion_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o other_o operation_n for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o make_v a_o operation_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v with_o a_o quantity_n of_o coal_n that_o can_v make_v the_o engine_n hot_a enough_o to_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 20_o second_n leave_v afterward_o the_o fire_n to_o go_v out_o of_o itself_o and_o if_o i_o will_v save_v time_n i_o shall_v make_v a_o good_a fire_n that_o the_o heat_n may_v quick_o come_v to_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 6_o second_o and_o present_o take_v away_o all_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o in_o all_o other_o operation_n keep_v still_o the_o proportion_n as_o 10_o to_o 3_o yet_o i_o confess_v this_o rule_n be_v not_o demonstrate_v neither_o do_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n require_v such_o a_o mathematical_a exactness_n when_o i_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o inward_a pressure_n as_o in_o this_o rule_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v always_o equal_a experim._n ix_o july_n 11._o i_o take_v a_o rabbit_n and_o have_v fill_v with_o it_o two_o glass-pot_n and_o put_v some_o water_n in_o one_o and_o none_o in_o the_o other_o i_o kindle_v five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o have_v press_v the_o fire_n till_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 4_o second_o i_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o rabbit_n bone_n well_o soften_v in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n but_o in_o the_o other_o they_o be_v all_o very_a hard_a yet_o the_o flesh_n have_v be_v well_o season_v it_o be_v as_o tender_v and_o savoury_a as_o any_o pastry_n can_v be_v but_o in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n it_o relish_v not_o so_o well_o by_o a_o great_a deal_n by_o this_o experiment_n i_o see_v that_o rabbit_n bone_n be_v hard_a than_o those_o of_o mutton_n and_o i_o be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v that_o water_n help_v much_o the_o soften_a of_o bone_n experim._n x._o propriety_n i_o take_v another_o rabbit_n and_o have_v shut_v it_o up_o as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o kindle_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o coal_n but_o the_o paper_n in_o the_o joint_n of_o it_o have_v be_v spoil_v the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v not_o as_o strong_a again_o as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o water_n can_v get_v out_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o the_o heat_n can_v not_o well_o be_v keep_v for_o notwithstanding_o the_o quantity_n of_o coal_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v great_a the_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v twenty_o time_n long_o evaporate_n than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n so_o that_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o for_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o less_o quantity_n of_o coal_n be_v require_v to_o give_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n the_o rabbit_n be_v very_o tender_a but_o the_o bone_n be_v not_o at_o all_o soften_v no_o not_o in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o have_v put_v water_n but_o some_o that_o have_v be_v boil_v the_o day_n before_o and_o put_v again_o to_o be_v make_v more_o ready_a be_v find_v very_o well_o soften_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o see_v that_o although_o some_o boil_a bone_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v soften_v at_o all_o yet_o they_o have_v get_v a_o great_a preparation_n towards_o that_o though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o sense_n experim._n xi_o july_n 13._o i_o take_v a_o old_a male_a and_o tame_a rabbit_n which_o be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o pitiful_a sort_n of_o meat_n i_o season_v it_o and_o put_v it_o into_o two_o glass-pot_n i_o kindle_v six_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 4_o second_n the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v about_o six_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o of_o itself_o i_o find_v the_o rabbit_n very_o ready_a and_o the_o bone_n soften_v and_o it_o be_v as_o savoury_a as_o young_a rabbit_n use_v to_o be_v the_o juice_n of_o it_o turn_v to_o a_o good_a jelly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o fire_n most_o fit_a to_o boil_v rabbit_n experim._n xii_o propriety_n august_n 12._o i_o put_v
pigeon_n into_o two_o little_a glass-pot_n weigh_v they_o one_o after_o another_o before_o i_o enclose_v they_o in_o their_o frame_n i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 5_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v ten_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v both_o the_o cover_v stick_v pretty_a fast_o to_o their_o pot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o air_n within_o the_o say_a pot_n be_v rarify_v and_o that_o something_o have_v get_v out_o of_o they_o i_o weigh_v they_o one_o after_o the_o other_o be_v well_o dry_v as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o the_o boil_a and_o i_o find_v that_o one_o of_o they_o wherein_o i_o have_v put_v by_o weight_n a_o eight_o part_n less_o of_o meat_n than_o the_o vessel_n can_v contain_v of_o water_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o before_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v very_o tender_a and_o the_o juice_n a_o strong_a jelly_n without_o empyreume_n the_o other_o pot_n wherein_o i_o have_v put_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o meat_n than_o it_o can_v hold_v of_o water_n be_v grow_v heavy_a and_o the_o juice_n in_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o congeal_v as_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v very_o like_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o meat_n be_v too_o much_o rarify_v in_o this_o pot_n have_v open_v the_o cover_n so_o as_o to_o admit_v some_o of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la which_o have_v increase_v the_o weight_n and_o dilute_v the_o jelly_n but_o in_o the_o first_o pot_n the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o meat_n be_v able_a only_o to_o drive_v out_o a_o little_a air_n without_o any_o sensible_a open_n of_o the_o cover_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o think_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o one_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n be_v that_o if_o we_o boil_v pigeon_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_a away_o in_o 5_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o meat_n in_o the_o pot_n must_v be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d of_o that_o which_o the_o pot_n can_v hold_v seven_o pound_n of_o meat_n for_o example_n in_o a_o pot_n that_o can_v hold_v eight_o pound_n of_o water_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o pressure_n in_o the_o pot_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o in_o the_o engine_n and_o yet_o nothing_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o sixteenth_o experiment_n you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o weight_n will_v do_v the_o same_o effect_n so_o that_o some_o people_n will_v think_v that_o all_o other_o body_n shall_v be_v also_o take_v in_o the_o same_o weight_n because_o those_o that_o will_v take_v up_o less_o room_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o their_o specific_a gravity_n will_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n expand_v themselves_o so_o much_o the_o more_o but_o this_o will_v be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v try_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o of_o a_o lesser_a specific_a gravity_n than_o vinegar_n will_v nevertheless_o rarify_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o by_o heat_n therefore_o if_o we_o will_v be_v very_o exact_v not_o to_o lose_v any_o thing_n and_o to_o have_v the_o intend_a pressure_n in_o the_o pot_n we_o must_v find_v by_o experience_n how_o far_o and_o how_o powerful_o other_o body_n will_v rarify_v as_o in_o this_o experiment_n i_o have_v find_v it_o for_o pigeon_n to_o fill_v afterward_o the_o pot_n according_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o have_v in_o another_o engine_n some_o of_o the_o same_o pigeon_n a_o boil_a the_o heat_n be_v such_o that_o it_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o second_o but_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v but_o five_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o bone_n not_o quite_o so_o soft_a as_o in_o the_o other_o engine_n though_o they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o great_a heat_n yet_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o fit_a to_o be_v eat_v this_o experiment_n make_v i_o believe_v that_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o among_o the_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o have_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_a away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o five_o pressure_n as_o to_o have_v it_o dry_v away_o in_o 5_o second_o and_o ten_o pressure_n in_o the_o engine_n so_o people_n may_v find_v out_o by_o experience_n in_o any_o other_o case_n what_o quantity_n of_o pressure_n may_v do_v instead_o of_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o heat_n and_o if_o one_o have_v a_o exact_a thermometer_n as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o chap._n 2._o one_o may_v perhaps_o draw_v from_o thence_o great_a light_n for_o other_o thing_n i_o say_v beside_o that_o this_o experiment_n show_v that_o good_a balnea_fw-la mariae_fw-la fit_v to_o hold_v great_a pressure_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fire_n for_o we_o have_v see_v exper._n 10._o that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o less_o coal_n will_v serve_v to_o bring_v the_o engine_n to_o a_o certain_a heat_n and_o now_o we_o see_v that_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n raise_v with_o less_o coal_n may_v produce_v a_o great_a effect_n than_o if_o we_o have_v be_v force_v to_o bestow_v more_o coal_n for_o it_o where_o this_o pressure_n be_v want_v fish_n experim._n xiii_o june_n 15._o i_o take_v a_o macquerel_n and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o green_a goosberry_n i_o include_v the_o pot_n in_o the_o engine_n and_o with_o four_o ounce_n and_o two_o dram_n of_o coal_n i_o bring_v the_o heat_n to_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 10_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v seven_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a i_o find_v that_o the_o remain_a coal_n weigh_v about_o two_o dram_n the_o fish_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o firm_a though_o the_o bone_n be_v so_o soft_a as_o not_o to_o be_v feel_v in_o eat_v the_o fish_n before_o it_o be_v boil_v do_v weigh_v nine_o ounce_n and_o after_o boil_v not_o above_o seven_o so_o that_o i_o have_v two_o ounce_n of_o good_a juice_n which_o will_v have_v be_v throw_v away_o if_o the_o fish_n have_v be_v boil_v after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o moreover_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n better_o the_o volatile_a salt_n not_o have_v get_v away_o or_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n the_o goose-berry_n have_v a_o very_a good_a taste_n and_o nothing_o of_o burn_v experim._n fourteen_o june_n 19_o i_o make_v the_o same_o trial_n with_o a_o pike_n and_o i_o give_v the_o fire_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n the_o fish_n be_v find_v very_o ready_a and_o its_o flesh_n firm_a and_o the_o bone_n soft_a though_o they_o seem_v somewhat_o hard_a than_o those_o of_o the_o macquerel_n a_o gentleman_n have_v taste_v of_o this_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o bone_n that_o make_v the_o fish_n so_o savoury_a this_o persuade_v i_o that_o my_o think_v such_o fish_n better_o than_o ordinary_a be_v not_o out_o of_o preoccupation_n the_o juice_n of_o the_o pike_n come_v to_o a_o strong_a jelly_n which_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o that_o of_o the_o macquerel_n i_o can_v tell_v whether_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fish_n or_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n experim._n xv._o june_n 20._o i_o take_v a_o great_a eel_n and_o have_v shut_v it_o up_o as_o i_o use_v i_o kindle_v four_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o coal_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v dry_a away_o in_o 6_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v seven_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o of_o itself_o the_o eel_n be_v find_v very_o ready_a so_o be_v the_o skin_n and_o bone_n and_o all_o without_o empyreume_n but_o its_o flesh_n be_v not_o so_o firm_a as_o that_o of_o other_o fish_n the_o juice_n do_v not_o congeal_v which_o i_o think_v do_v proceed_v from_o the_o excess_n of_o fire_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o fish_n since_o its_o skin_n seem_v very_o fit_a to_o make_v jelly_n all_o these_o experiment_n make_v i_o believe_v that_o all_o fish_n may_v be_v make_v ready_a almost_o with_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n pulse_n experim._n xvi_o july_n 2._o i_o put_v bean_n in_o a_o glass-pot_n some_o of_o which_o be_v raw_a and_o the_o other_o have_v be_v boil_v already_o with_o hartshorn_n i_o pour_v a_o little_a water_n into_o the_o pot_n to_o see_v the_o difference_n between_o those_o bean_n that_o will_v
of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o join_v they_o as_o before_z as_o exact_o as_o we_o can_v the_o same_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o china-dish_n ivory_n amber_n and_o such_o other_o brittle_a body_n experim._n vi._n july_n 1_o i_o fill_v two_o glass-pot_n the_o one_o with_o one_o ounce_n of_o shave_n of_o heart_n horn_n and_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o other_o with_o a_o ounce_n of_o whiting_n bone_n and_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 7_o second_n with_o the_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n present_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v a_o very_a strong_a jelly_n in_o the_o pot_n with_o hartshorn_n i_o give_v some_o of_o it_o to_o a_o person_n that_o make_v such_o jelly_n pretty_a often_o and_o she_o say_v that_o there_o must_v be_v something_o more_o in_o this_o than_o in_o she_o because_o this_o have_v both_o smell_n and_o taste_v pretty_a strong_a but_o in_o she_o there_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o i_o think_v this_o difference_n do_v proceed_v only_o from_o the_o spirit_n and_o volatile_a salt_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o engine_n fasten_v with_o screw_n and_o that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o ordinary_a boil_a and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o this_o new_a jelly_n have_v much_o more_o virtue_n in_o it_o the_o hartshorn_n also_o be_v all_o very_a soft_a but_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o be_v bring_v but_o to_o a_o powder_n that_o feel_v hard_a between_o the_o finger_n in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o fish-bone_n be_v quite_o soft_a but_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o congeal_v yet_o be_v dry_v there_o be_v find_v some_o glue_n remain_v but_o in_o small_a quantity_n and_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o of_o beef_n bone_n experim._n vii_o july_n 2._o i_o fill_v two_o glass-pot_n the_o one_o with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o two_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o water_n the_o other_o with_o bone_n and_o water_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o five_o to_o one_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v shave_v as_o well_o as_o the_o hartshorn_n have_v augment_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 5_o second_n with_o ten_o pressure_n i_o take_v it_o off_o quick_o the_o next_o day_n i_o open_v the_o vessel_n and_o find_v that_o in_o the_o pot_n with_o bone_n the_o liquor_n be_v but_o little_o thick_a than_o water_n in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o good_a jelly_n but_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n i_o heat_v it_o again_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v melt_v i_o filtrate_v it_o and_o squeeze_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v and_o i_o set_v the_o remainder_n a_o dry_n that_o remainder_n be_v dry_v after_o a_o week_n time_n be_v find_v to_o weigh_v 2_o ¾_n dram_n so_o that_o all_o the_o congeal_a part_n draw_v from_o the_o hartshorn_n do_v weigh_v but_o 1_o ¼_n dram_n and_o that_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o congeal_v 2_o ½_n ounce_n of_o liquor_n which_o be_v 16_o time_n as_o much_o weight_n the_o liquor_n that_o have_v be_v filtrate_v do_v in_o a_o short_a time_n turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n much_o strong_a than_o hartshorn_n jelly_n use_v to_o be_v therefore_o i_o believe_v i_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o hartshorn_n will_v congeal_v five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v by_o practise_v there_o will_v be_v find_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n that_o will_v make_v more_o but_o though_o we_o can_v do_v no_o more_o yet_o this_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a thing_n since_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n the_o quantity_n of_o jelly_n be_v less_o by_o half_n and_o not_o so_o good_a and_o it_o require_v much_o more_o fire_n and_o time_n and_o fresh_a water_n which_o be_v of_o consequence_n at_o sea_n for_o although_o i_o must_v needs_o have_v water_n to_o make_v jelly_n after_o my_o way_n that_o water_n be_v not_o lose_v since_o it_o remain_v all_o in_o the_o jelly_n but_o if_o you_o make_v it_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n above_o three_o quarter_n of_o the_o water_n will_v evaporate_v away_o experim._n viii_o have_v find_v by_o the_o last_o experiment_n that_o hartshorn_n do_v yield_v so_o much_o jelly_n more_o than_o the_o bone_n do_v i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v not_o because_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v fit_a for_o hartshorn_n but_o not_o strong_a enough_o for_o bone_n therefore_o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o the_o same_o circumstance_n but_o at_o this_o time_n i_o increase_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 4_o second_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o jelly_n of_o hartshorn_n pretty_a good_a still_o but_o the_o liquor_n upon_o the_o bone_n be_v not_o very_o thick_a yet_o i_o find_v some_o jelly_n after_o i_o have_v pour_v out_o gentle_o the_o over-swimming_a liquor_n but_o that_o liquor_n weigh_v above_o a_o ounce_n so_o i_o think_v that_o true_o the_o bone_n do_v not_o contain_v so_o much_o congeal_v part_n as_o hartshorn_n do_v have_v filtrate_v and_o squeeze_v the_o matter_n of_o both_o my_o pot_n i_o keep_v the_o remainder_n of_o they_o asunder_o each_o in_o a_o glass_n well_o stop_v for_o fear_v they_o shall_v dry_v and_o about_o two_o week_n after_o i_o find_v they_o ferment_v and_o of_o the_o same_o smell_n and_o taste_v as_o parmezan_n cheese_n and_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v eat_v with_o bread_n when_o i_o have_v show_v such_o hartshorn_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n they_o judge_v that_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v in_o that_o condition_n it_o will_v yield_v more_o spirit_n and_o more_o easy_o than_o usual_o it_o do_v the_o bone_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n very_o like_o the_o hartshorn_n and_o some_o time_n after_o worm_n be_v generate_v in_o they_o which_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o the_o hartshorn_n so_o that_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o see_v worm_n generate_v in_o good_a rather_o than_o in_o bad_a cheese_n it_o seem_v that_o in_o this_o the_o bone_n have_v some_o advantage_n above_o the_o hartshorn_n as_o well_o as_o the_o hartshorn_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o jelly_n it_o yield_v have_v find_v some_o difference_n both_o for_o the_o quantity_n and_o for_o the_o readiness_n in_o draw_v jelly_n from_o several_a body_n as_o also_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o glue_n i_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v find_v a_o difference_n in_o several_a other_o propriety_n of_o they_o and_o see_v our_o body_n be_v but_o congeal_v liquor_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o if_o people_n will_v go_v on_o with_o this_o trial_n and_o draw_v jelly_n from_o several_a part_n of_o the_o same_o animal_n and_o from_o several_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o of_o different_a age_n and_o from_o several_a kind_n of_o animal_n that_o live_v a_o great_a deal_n long_a one_o than_o the_o other_o as_o from_o heart_n and_o rabbit_n and_o than_o if_o they_o will_v compare_v all_o the_o several_a propriety_n of_o these_o jelly_n with_o one_o another_o it_o be_v likely_a i_o say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a help_n towards_o make_v a_o better_a theory_n than_o hitherto_o we_o have_v about_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o lastingness_n of_o our_o life_n and_o such_o a_o theory_n will_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v of_o more_o consequence_n than_o many_o people_n be_v apt_a to_o believe_v from_o all_o the_o experiment_n contain_v in_o this_o chapter_n i_o think_v it_o very_o likely_a that_o if_o people_n will_v be_v persuade_v to_o lay_v by_o bones_o gristle_n tendon_n foot_n and_o other_o part_n of_o animal_n that_o be_v solid_a enough_o to_o be_v keep_v without_o salt_n whereof_o people_n throw_v away_o more_o than_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o supply_v all_o the_o ship_n that_o england_n have_v at_o sea_n the_o ship_n may_v always_o be_v furnish_v with_o better_a and_o cheap_a victual_n than_o they_o use_v to_o have_v and_o i_o may_v say_v that_o such_o victual_n will_v take_v up_o less_o room_n too_o because_o they_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o nourishment_n in_o they_o in_o proportion_n to_o their_o weight_n this_o be_v plain_a in_o hartshorn_n which_o will_v make_v five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o jelly_n which_o be_v account_v to_o be_v of_o a_o great_a nourishment_n and_o yet_o afterward_o it_o will_v turn_v to_o a_o substance_n very_o like_o cheese_n which_o can_v be_v eat_v in_o great_a quantity_n experim._n ix_o june_n 20._o i_o boil_v two_o macquerel_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v describe_v
cochenille_n will_v give_v all_o its_o tincture_n without_o be_v grind_v therefore_o he_o put_v three_o grain_n of_o cochenille_n very_o entire_a into_o a_o glass_n pot_n with_o three_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o water_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o put_v into_o another_o pot_n some_o coarse_a cochenille_n that_o be_v sell_v eight_o time_n cheap_a than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o he_o put_v eight_o time_n great_a quantity_n of_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n have_v increase_v the_o fire_n as_o in_o the_o former_a trial_n with_o rubia_fw-la tinctorum_fw-la we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o glass_n that_o one_o of_o the_o grain_n of_o cochenille_n have_v be_v quite_o dissolve_v and_o that_o the_o two_o remain_v have_v lose_v all_o their_o colour_n and_o be_v turn_v black_a the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o fine_a red_a colour_n but_o in_o the_o second_o pot_n the_o tincture_n be_v strong_a and_o deep_a from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o engine_n one_o may_v save_v all_o the_o labour_n of_o grind_v the_o cochenille_n and_o all_o the_o waste_n of_o it_o and_o perhaps_o coarse_a cochenille_n will_v give_v much_o more_o tincture_n than_o usual_o it_o do_v i_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o these_o liquor_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n will_v help_v tincture_n to_o penetrate_v better_o into_o the_o cloth_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n into_o one_o of_o the_o liquor_n and_o have_v set_v it_o so_o in_o vacuo_fw-la i_o see_v according_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o a_o great_a many_o bubble_n of_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o cloth_n so_o that_o i_o be_v in_o great_a hope_n that_o the_o tincture_n get_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o air_n will_v penetrate_v every_o where_n yet_o have_v let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o express_v the_o humidity_n from_o the_o cloth_n i_o find_v that_o all_o the_o colour_n be_v go_v too_o from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o have_v the_o colour_n insinuate_v between_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o cloth_n but_o that_o it_o must_v get_v into_o the_o hair_n themselves_o and_o this_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o all_o the_o little_a particle_n every_o hair_n be_v make_v of_o be_v rarify_v and_o expanded_a by_o heat_n which_o be_v much_o more_o powerful_a for_o that_o than_o any_o tacuum_n can_v be_v experim._n iu._n august_n 18._o i_o put_v two_o piece_n of_o cloth_n into_o two_o glass_n pot_n to_o one_o of_o they_o i_o add_v some_o tincture_n of_o coarse_a cochenille_n and_o to_o the_o other_o juuce_a of_o prune_n distil_v after_o the_o manner_n describe_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 42_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n six_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n then_o i_o take_v off_o the_o sire_n quick_o for_o fear_v the_o cloth_n shall_v be_v spoil_v the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v both_o the_o piece_n of_o cloth_n good_a still_o and_o well_o die_v the_o juice_n of_o prune_n have_v penetrate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tincture_n of_o cochenille_n but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a and_o near_o to_o a_o brown_a colour_n the_o juice_n itself_o be_v much_o alter_v for_o it_o be_v violet_n before_o it_o be_v grow_v also_o much_o more_o liquid_a and_o watery_a from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o engine_n keep_v thing_n for_o a_o great_a while_n in_o a_o great_a heat_n without_o damage_n and_o hinder_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n from_o get_v away_o as_o usual_o they_o do_v may_v be_v sit_v to_o insinuate_v into_o cloth_n such_o liquor_n as_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v too_o thick_a and_o glutinous_a as_o the_o juice_n of_o plum_n be_v because_o for_o die_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o good_a taste_n mr._n mayre_n think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o inward_a pot_n and_o so_o i_o believe_v the_o aperture_n of_o the_o outward_a engine_n may_v be_v leave_v lesser_a than_o the_o cavity_n as_o you_o may_v see_v fig._n 6._o yet_o if_o they_o will_v die_v cloth_n in_o it_o the_o aperture_n hh_n shall_v be_v leave_v wide_o enough_o to_o convey_v the_o cloth_n into_o the_o cavity_n aa_n and_o this_o engine_n shall_v also_o hang_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la by_o its_o appendix_n cc_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o fill_v and_o empty_v the_o same_o chap._n viii_o experiment_n upon_o barde_a body_n as_o amber_n ivory_n etc._n etc._n ihave_v make_v other_o experiment_n upon_o hard_a body_n as_o amber_n ivory_n cow_n horn_n tortoise-shell_n but_o because_o i_o have_v find_v nothing_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o use_v i_o will_v not_o be_v tedious_a in_o relate_v the_o particular_n of_o those_o experiment_n therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o set_v down_o some_o few_o observation_n which_o they_o afford_v 1._o amber_n can_v never_o be_v melt_v whatever_o degree_n of_o heat_n i_o make_v use_n of_o though_o i_o fill_v the_o engine_n with_o pitch_n and_o sand_n instead_o of_o water_n and_o i_o press_v the_o cover_n with_o eight_o screw_n instead_o of_o two_o i_o can_v indeed_o separate_v several_a substance_n from_o it_o as_o balsam_n fume_n and_o terrestreity_n but_o that_o can_v be_v call_v melt_v amber_n since_o it_o hathlost_a several_a propriety_n belong_v to_o amber_n for_o if_o we_o dissolve_v these_o substance_n with_o spirit_n of_o turpentine_n they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o considerable_a hardness_n by_o evaporate_n the_o spirit_n and_o a_o indifferent_a heat_n will_v soften_v they_o again_o 2._o mr._n boil_v have_v give_v i_o some_o copal_a gum_n to_o try_v what_o it_o will_v do_v i_o find_v indeed_o that_o it_o can_v be_v melt_v without_o be_v much_o alter_v but_o when_o i_o will_v apply_v the_o same_o to_o facilitate_v the_o melt_a of_o amber_n i_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o do_v i_o will_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n make_v use_n of_o gum_n tragacanth_n mastich_n and_o rosin_n but_o it_o be_v all_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o i_o believe_v one_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o melt_a of_o amber_n require_v a_o strong_a and_o quick_a heat_n than_o this_o engine_n can_v give_v 3._o though_o cow_n horn_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o more_o glutinous_a matter_n than_o bone_n be_v i_o can_v never_o make_v any_o jelly_n or_o glue_v with_o it_o though_o i_o have_v put_v the_o same_o over_o and_o over_o again_o in_o the_o engine_n upon_o the_o fire_n even_o four_o time_n successive_o 4._o i_o can_v never_o make_v ivory_n soft_a and_o glutinous_a though_o i_o have_v boil_v it_o several_a way_n and_o in_o several_a menstruum_n as_o grease_n oil_n beer_n and_o water_n i_o can_v draw_v a_o fine_a and_o transparent_a jelly_n from_o it_o but_o the_o body_n remain_v brittle_a 5._o tortoise-shell_n can_v be_v soften_v by_o boil_v in_o oil_n but_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o swell_v and_o have_v a_o great_a many_o cavity_n like_o a_o sponge_n 6._o cow_n horn_n and_o tortoise-shell_n have_v be_v with_o water_n expose_v to_o a_o heat_n that_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n they_o come_v to_o be_v so_o soft_a that_o they_o do_v not_o grow_v hard_o again_o but_o in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_n and_o give_v more_o conveniency_n to_o work_v those_o material_n than_o when_o they_o be_v heat_v only_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o will_v afterward_o be_v more_o brittle_a than_o before_o and_o i_o have_v see_v once_o two_o piece_n of_o tortoise-shell_n that_o have_v be_v by_o boil_v so_o well_o glue_v to_o one_o another_o that_o after_o they_o be_v harden_v again_o they_o will_v rather_o break_v in_o other_o place_n than_o be_v separate_v chap._n ix_o a_o calculation_n of_o the_o price_n that_o a_o good_a big_a engi_n ne_o may_v come_v to_o and_o of_o the_o profit_n it_o may_v afford_v because_o people_n be_v loath_a to_o meddle_v with_o new_a invention_n lest_o the_o expense_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o profit_n to_o be_v get_v by_o they_o i_o will_v subjoin_v here_o a_o calculation_n of_o the_o price_n which_o a_o good_a engine_n may_v come_v to_o and_o of_o the_o profit_n that_o may_v be_v get_v by_o it_o i_o have_v be_v at_o a_o iron-monger_n house_n and_o there_o i_o cause_v a_o cast_a iron_n pipe_n to_o be_v weigh_v this_o be_v six_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o two_o foot_n long_o and_o without_o doubt_n strong_a enough_o to_o endure_v a_o inward_a pressure_n twenty_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n
this_o pipe_n i_o say_v do_v weigh_v but_o 57_o pound_n so_o that_o such_o another_o pipe_n 12_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o as_o strong_a proportionable_o to_o its_o bigness_n will_v weight_n but_o about_o 228_o pound_n but_o let_v a_o cover_a vessel_n weigh_v 250_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o come_v to_o 48_o shilling_n see_v the_o merchant_n can_v with_o good_a profit_n afford_v such_o metal_n at_o two_o penny_n half_a penny_n a_o pound_n now_o if_o the_o cover_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v ground_n to_o one_o another_o and_o that_o in_o a_o country_n where_o workman_n be_v cheap_a the_o grind_n will_v scarce_o come_v to_o two_o shilling_n then_o the_o iron_n piece_n dd_v with_o four_o screw_n lest_o then_o shall_v not_o do_v enough_o and_o the_o iron_n rod_n lm_o may_v be_v afford_v much_o under_o five_o shilling_n especial_o if_o make_v in_o the_o country_n and_o in_o number_n five_o shilling_n will_v also_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n too_o much_o for_o set_v the_o pipe_n hh_v and_o sit_v a_o valve_n to_o it_o the_o inward_a pot_n gg_n of_o cast_a iron_n or_o glass_n or_o stone-pot_n may_v also_o be_v get_v under_o 20_o shilling_n strong_a enough_o and_o big_a enough_o to_o hold_v 80_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o confess_v it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o glass_n so_o big_a but_o instead_o of_o one_o they_o may_v make_v three_o or_o four_o to_o be_v set_v in_o the_o same_o frame_v one_o above_o the_o other_o so_o that_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o a_o merchant_n may_v with_o good_a profit_n afford_v such_o engine_n ready_a in_o good_a condition_n at_o 4_o l._n sterling_a apiece_o now_o such_o a_o engine_n be_v able_a to_o make_v above_o 50_o pound_n of_o the_o jelly_n at_o a_o time_n and_o may_v do_v the_o same_o quantity_n at_o least_o twice_o in_o 24_o hour_n for_o i_o have_v try_v that_o my_o great_a engine_n which_o be_v 6_o inch_n in_o diameter_n may_v in_o less_o than_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v heat_v enough_o to_o make_v jelly_n of_o bone_n therefore_o one_o may_v make_v 100_o pound_n of_o jelly_n every_o day_n now_o in_o paris_n where_o people_n constant_o keep_v jelly_n ready_a to_o sell_v the_o price_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o penny_n a_o pound_n but_o in_o london_n where_o they_o make_v none_o unless_o it_o be_v bespeak_v apothecary_n use_v to_o sell_v it_o at_o 2_o shilling_n a_o pound_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a good_a thing_n for_o the_o public_a if_o any_o one_o will_v sell_v jelly_n for_o a_o groat_n a_o pound_n yet_o at_o that_o price_n the_o aforesaid_a engine_n will_v make_v jelly_n for_o above_o 33_o shilling_n every_o day_n the_o fire_n will_v not_o come_v to_o six_o penny_n and_o the_o bone_n with_o some_o hartshorn_n may_v be_v get_v cheap_a enough_o too_o since_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o shave_v they_o for_o this_o engine_n and_o a_o little_a sugar_n serve_v for_o jelly_n yet_o let_v the_o expense_n come_v to_o 13_o shilling_n a_o day_n there_o will_v be_v still_o 20_o shilling_n profit_n for_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o so_o in_o four_o day_n time_n he_o will_v be_v full_o requite_v for_o his_o first_o expense_n and_o one_o man_n alone_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n keep_v five_o or_o six_o such_o engine_n at_o work_n for_o several_a use_n whereof_o some_o perhaps_o will_v prove_v more_o profitable_a than_o the_o make_n of_o jelly_n therefore_o we_o must_v not_o question_v but_o those_o that_o will_v set_v upon_o such_o thing_n may_v make_v their_o own_o profit_n very_o well_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v a_o great_a service_n to_o the_o public_a i_o have_v not_o therefore_o think_v it_o right_n in_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o general_a use_n that_o a_o man_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o patent_n shall_v hinder_v other_o people_n from_o work_v that_o may_v perhaps_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o do_v thing_n good_a and_o cheap_a and_o i_o have_v instruct_v mr._n mayor_n a_o founder_n in_o old_a bedlam_n how_o to_o make_v these_o engine_n of_o cast_a brass_n so_o that_o any_o body_n may_v see_v they_o and_o buy_v they_o of_o he_o postscript_n doctor_n edm._n king_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v get_v one_o of_o these_o engine_n for_o a_o great_a security_n and_o conveniency_n cause_v the_o rod_n lm_o to_o be_v fit_v in_o l_o with_o a_o joint_n so_o that_o it_o must_v always_o fall_v upon_o the_o pipe_n hh_v and_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n that_o the_o valve_n p_o may_v slip_v off_o and_o spoil_v the_o operation_n he_o have_v also_o cause_v a_o brick_n furnace_n to_o be_v build_v on_o purpose_n so_o that_o i_o have_v late_o try_v whether_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o expense_n of_o coal_n will_v be_v less_o than_o in_o my_o chimney-corner_n see_v pag._n 6._o but_o i_o have_v find_v contrary_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o the_o expense_n be_v much_o great_a in_o his_o furnance_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o probable_o be_v because_o in_o his_o furnace_n the_o coal_n do_v not_o at_o all_o touch_n the_o engine_n but_o remain_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n below_o as_o in_o ordinary_a sand-furnace_n the_o coal_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o pot_n but_o in_o my_o chimney_n the_o coal_n touch_v the_o engine_n almost_o all_o along_o and_o thereby_o may_v the_o better_a heat_n it_o it_o be_v therefore_o likely_a that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o build_v furnace_n so_o as_o to_o have_v the_o coal_n touch_v the_o engine_n all_o along_o one_o side_n it_o will_v be_v better_o also_o to_o have_v they_o make_v of_o iron_n plate_n because_o a_o brick_n furnace_n require_v much_o fire_n to_o be_v thorough_o heat_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v at_o work_n constant_o mean_o while_o the_o doctor_n have_v make_v several_a experiment_n with_o his_o engine_n have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o blow_v the_o fire_n beside_o many_o good_a dish_n of_o meat_n and_o fish_n he_o have_v prepare_v several_a medicine_n and_o find_v that_o in_o this_o engine_n the_o operation_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o less_o than_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o time_n that_o be_v require_v in_o his_o other_o furnace_n and_o yet_o some_o of_o they_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a we_o have_v see_v that_o hartshorn_n in_o winter_n time_n be_v boil_v with_o twelve_o time_n as_o much_o water_n will_v turn_v it_o all_o to_o a_o jelly_n so_o do_v the_o bone_n with_o above_o four_o time_n as_o much_o water_n which_o be_v at_o least_o as_o much_o again_o as_o i_o have_v find_v in_o summer_n time_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v mention_v two_o other_o particular_n which_o do_v not_o succeed_v in_o cold_a as_o in_o hot_a weather_n the_o first_o be_v the_o fermentation_n of_o bone_n speak_v of_o chap._n 3._o exp._n 8._o which_o be_v not_o so_o well_o perform_v in_o winter_n the_o second_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o fire_n require_v in_o such_o operation_n for_o i_o have_v find_v by_o my_o engine_n that_o mutton_n may_v be_v very_o well_o dress_v and_o the_o bone_n soften_v with_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n in_o summer_n time_n but_o in_o winter_n the_o same_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v with_o less_o than_o six_o ounce_n and_o half_a we_o have_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o put_v in_o the_o engine_n all_o the_o water_n to_o be_v congeal_v but_o put_v equal_a weight_n of_o bone_n and_o water_n after_o the_o operation_n your_o water_n be_v mingle_v with_o three_o time_n as_o much_o fresh_a water_n will_v turn_v it_o all_o to_o a_o jelly_n so_o the_o jelly_n to_o be_v make_v with_o a_o engine_n and_o therefore_o the_o profit_n to_o be_v get_v by_o it_o be_v much_o great_a than_o i_o have_v say_v chap._n 9_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o old_a hat_n very_o bad_a and_o loose_o make_v be_v imbibe_v with_o jelly_n of_o bone_n be_v become_v very_o firm_a and_o stiff_a so_o that_o it_o be_v likely_a if_o such_o liquor_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o make_v hat_n they_o will_v be_v extraordinary_a good_a the_o doctor_n be_v engine_n have_v already_o give_v occasion_n to_o these_o experiment_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v make_v common_a a_o great_a many_o more_o use_v of_o it_o will_v be_v find_v in_o a_o short_a time_n finis_fw-la
squeeze_a goose-berry_n into_o another_o glass_n with_o water_n and_o a_o little_a sugar_n this_o in_o less_o than_o 24_o hour_n begin_v to_o ferment_n very_o violent_o and_o in_o a_o fortnight_n the_o liquor_n be_v pretty_a well_o clarify_v and_o good_a to_o drink_v but_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o without_o water_n and_o i_o believe_v also_o it_o will_v have_v grow_v four_o in_o a_o short_a time_n this_o experiment_n be_v make_v by_o guess_n and_o without_o scale_n but_o i_o guest_n the_o fruit_n to_o have_v be_v about_o ½_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sugar_n 〈◊〉_d from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v that_o the_o same_o fruit_n by_o mean_n of_o this_o engine_n may_v afford_v two_o sort_n of_o wine_n the_o one_o to_o keep_v long_o and_o the_o other_o to_o drink_v quick_o experim._n iii_o august_n 5._o i_o take_v some_o of_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o goose-berry_n abovementioned_a in_o the_o time_n it_o do_v ferment_n most_o brisk_o and_o have_v put_v it_o into_o a_o little_a glass-pot_n and_o then_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 10_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n three_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n i_o find_v that_o the_o liquor_n have_v get_v a_o taste_n near_o to_o that_o they_o call_v in_o france_n raisiné_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v please_v to_o drink_v and_o apt_a to_o quench_v thirst_n then_o that_o i_o may_v know_v whether_o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v much_o alter_v by_o boil_v in_o the_o engine_n i_o put_v some_o of_o it_o into_o a_o little_a glass_n and_o take_v some_o also_o out_o of_o the_o great_a bottle_n that_o be_v a_o ferment_a and_o have_v put_v it_o into_o another_o glass_n i_o include_v they_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o find_v that_o the_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v set_v upon_o the_o fire_n during_o its_o fermentation_n do_v not_o bubble_v so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n will_v do_v but_o the_o other_o liquor_n do_v at_o the_o very_a first_o suction_n rise_v all_o into_o bubble_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o guess_v 1._o that_o by_o boil_v a_o liquor_n whilst_o it_o ferment_n we_o may_v quick_o take_v away_o the_o ill_a quality_n it_o have_v to_o generate_v wind_n and_o cause_n pain_n in_o the_o belly_n 2._o that_o such_o a_o liquor_n will_v not_o hurt_v the_o head_n neither_o as_o wine_n do_v because_o the_o spirit_n be_v not_o yet_o quite_o so_o loose_a as_o they_o be_v in_o wine_n and_o this_o appear_v because_o the_o wine_n boil_v in_o some_o measure_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it but_o this_o liquor_n do_v hardly_o yield_v any_o little_a bubble_n 3._o that_o such_o a_o liquor_n will_v not_o easy_o die_v since_o the_o spirit_n can_v so_o hardly_o extricate_v themselves_o and_o last_o i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o good_a nourish_a and_o strengthen_v drink_n since_o bread_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v the_o staff_n of_o life_n which_o be_v put_v into_o the_o oven_n even_o during_o its_o fermentation_n yet_o we_o must_v expect_v further_a experiment_n before_o we_o can_v have_v any_o certainty_n of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o such_o drink_n may_v be_v get_v ready_a pretty_a soon_o experim._n iu._n august_n 17._o i_o take_v juice_n of_o plum_n distil_v after_o the_o manner_n to_o be_v describe_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o and_o because_o it_o be_v thick_a than_o that_o which_o be_v draw_v without_o distil_v for_o the_o juice_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o heat_n with_o the_o fruit_n be_v thereby_o continual_o attenuate_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v use_v more_o heat_n to_o attenuate_v the_o same_o therefore_o have_v shut_v it_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o less_o than_o 2_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v away_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v contrary_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o the_o juice_n be_v become_v almost_o all_o solid_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot_n and_o that_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o black_a stuff_n much_o burn_v which_o can_v easy_o be_v powder_v between_o one_o finger_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o cavity_n full_a with_o a_o very_a fluid_fw-la liquor_n which_o have_v such_o a_o acrimony_n that_o the_o tongue_n can_v hardly_o endure_v it_o so_o that_o the_o heat_n do_v work_v upon_o that_o juice_n almost_o the_o same_o effect_n as_o the_o runnet_n do_v upon_o milk_n i_o have_v keep_v for_o two_o month_n together_o some_o of_o the_o same_o distil_a juice_n of_o plum_n and_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o grow_v hard_o as_o that_o which_o have_v be_v in_o such_o a_o great_a heat_n be_v but_o it_o have_v ferment_v very_o little_a in_o comparison_n with_o those_o that_o be_v more_o sluid_a this_o experiment_n show_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v to_o be_v well_o observe_v in_o make_v drink_n not_o to_o give_v too_o much_o nor_o too_o little_a and_o that_o distillation_n of_o juice_n may_v indeed_o prove_v very_o good_a to_o make_v clear_a cake_n jelly_n syrup_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o drink_n ordinary_a boil_a as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o goose-berry_n will_v do_v better_o yet_o in_o time_n it_o may_v be_v such_o thick_a juice_n will_v make_v strong_a wine_n than_o thin_a one_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o will_v require_v many_o year_n experim._n v._n august_n 17_o 18_o etc._n etc._n i_o keep_v juice_n of_o plum_n to_o make_v the_o same_o experiment_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o goose_n berry_n but_o i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o give_v the_o particular_n of_o they_o because_o i_o learn_v nothing_o new_a by_o they_o but_o that_o damson_n if_o they_o be_v not_o too_o ripe_a nor_o over-boiled_n will_v make_v wine_n much_o strong_a than_o goose-berry_n and_o that_o have_v mingle_v a_o little_a juice_n that_o be_v a_o ferment_a with_o a_o bottle_n of_o juice_n new_o draw_v this_o mixture_n do_v like_o a_o ferment_n hasten_v the_o fermentation_n in_o the_o say_a bottle_n chap._n vi_o experiment_n for_o chemist_n experim._n i._n jv_o 13._o dr._n slare_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o engine_n can_v not_o be_v useful_a to_o draw_v quick_o the_o most_o stubborn_a tincture_n in_o chemistry_n therefore_o we_o put_v into_o a_o little_a glass_n pot_n salt_n of_o tartar_n with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o another_o pot_n we_o put_v amber_n with_o some_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o then_o we_o do_v put_v it_o out_o present_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o pot_n that_o the_o tincture_n of_o tartar_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v in_o a_o month_n time_n after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o its_o taste_n be_v lixivious_a in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o tincture_n of_o amber_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n strong_a than_o usual_o it_o be_v experim._n ii_o july_n 15._o dr._n slare_n have_v also_o a_o mind_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o tincture_n of_o antimony_n the_o fire_n be_v light_v by_o 10_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n 1_o continue_v it_o till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 2_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v off_o some_o part_n of_o the_o fire_n so_o that_o the_o heat_n be_v diminish_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v evaporate_v but_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o nothing_o can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o engine_n i_o keep_v the_o fire_n much_o about_o that_o same_o strength_n till_o 1_o in_o the_o afternoon_n than_o i_o leave_v it_o till_o about_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o which_o time_n i_o find_v the_o vessel_n much_o cool_v and_o the_o fire_n almost_o out_o i_o light_v it_o again_o so_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o 1_o 1_o â—_o second_o and_o then_o i_o see_v again_o something_o get_v out_o through_o the_o little_a valve_fw-mi p_o and_o i_o take_v off_o some_o of_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o but_o in_o 2_o second_o and_o then_o the_o engine_n be_v very_o right_o again_o i_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o and_o find_v that_o the_o vinegar_n have_v