but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becommeth very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectuall both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubarbe with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the comming of the pestilent Aire as also this composition following Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Buglosse of each three drammes of Citron seeds halfe an ounce of Annise seeds and Fennell seeds of each one dram of Angelica roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a Confection and cover it with leaves of Gold and take a little of it out of a spoone before you goe abroad every morning Or take of Pine-Apple kernels and Fistick nuts infused for the space of sixe hours in the water of Scabious and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters halfe a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram and a halfe of Angelica roots foure scruples make them according to art unto the forme of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectuall in such a ease Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentill Valerian Elecampaine Eringoes of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrell seeds and Zedoarie of each one scruple of the Species of the Electuarie Diamargariton Frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Buglosse preserved Citron pils Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine sugar dissolved in Scabious and Carduus water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat The pils of Ruffus are accounted most effectuall preservatives so that Ruffus himselfe saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes halfe a dram of Gumme Ammoniacum two drammes of Myrrhe two drams and an halfe of Masticke two drams of Saffron seven graines Put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrupe of Lemons and make thereof a masse and let it bee kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat let him drinke the water of Sorrell after it which through its tartnesse and the thinnesse of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrell being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtfull And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pils Aloes doth cleanse and purge Myrrhe resists putrefaction Mastick strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that governe the body especially the vitall and animall Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrhe halfe an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarbe in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Masticke one dram and a half of Citron seeds twelve grains Powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a masse with the syrupe of Maiden-haire Let it be used as afore-said If the masse begin to waxe hard the pils that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrupe of Lemons Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrhe half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoarie red Saunders of each one dram of bole Armenick prepared two drams of red Coral half an ounce of Camphire halfe a scruple make thereof pils according to Art But those that are subject or apt to the haemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldome to use those kindes of pils that doe receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasell Nut of the preservative following and dranke a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stâ—ng by some venemous beast and for this onely because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with child the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawne away from the child Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of locall medicines to be applied outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to bee neglected to bee applied outwardly or carried in the hand And such are all aromaticall astringent or spirituous things which therfore are endued with vertue to repell the venemous and pestiferous aire from comming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and the braine Of this kind are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worme-wood Cloves Nutmegs Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must bee macerated one night in sharpe Vinegar and Aquavitae and then tyed in a knot as bigge as an egge or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous vertue and strength of aromaticke things than a sponge Wherefore it is of principall use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithemes and Fomentations to the heart Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the yeere and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equall parts of Vinegar of Roses and Rose water into which you must dippe a sponge which rowled in a faire linnen cloath you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Wormewood halfe a handfull ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drammes of Vinegar and Rose water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme beat and mixe them all well together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above-said They may also bee enclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or Cypresse and so
the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the Floor or ground of the chamber must bee sprinkled or watered with vinegar and water or strowed with the branches of vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillyes or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of summer hee must abstaine from Fumigations that doe smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they encrease the paine If the patient could goe to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the Bed with thicke or course linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat browne because much and great whitenesse doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth encrease the paine of the head for which cause also the Chamber ought not to bee very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to bee fiers and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits Sweet fiers may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rinde of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin gum Arabick Orris roots Mirrhe grossely beaten together and layd on the burning coals put into a chafing dish Truely the breath or smoake of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt The vertue of the Ash-tree against venome is so great as Pliny testifieth that a serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shaddow of any thing is most great and long but she will runne from it I my selfe have proved that if a circle or compasse bee made with the boughes of an Ash-tree and a fier made in the midst thereof and a serpent put within the compasse of the boughs that the serpent will rather runne into the fire than through the Ash boughes There is also another meanes to correct the Aire You may sprinkle vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay berries Juniper berries Cyperus nuts such like on stones or bricks made red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapour thereof Also fumigations may bee made of some matter that is more grosse and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Ladanum Myrrhe Masticke Rosine Turpentine Storax Olibanum Benzoin Bay berries Juniper berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjoram stamped together and such like Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of waxe or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vinegar of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwaies to be ready at the patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animall spirits may be recreated and strengthened The water following is very effectuall for this matter Take of Orris foure ounces of Zedoarie Spikenard of each sixe drammes of Storax Benzoin Cinamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of old Treacle halfe an ounce bruise them into a grosse pouder and macerate them for the space of twelve houres in foure pound of white and strong wine then distill them in a Limbeck of glasse on hot ashes and in the distilled liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tyed in a linnen cloath or closed in a boxe and so often put unto the nostrills Or take of the vinegar and water of roses of each foure ounces of Camphire sixe graines of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a viall of glasse which the patient may often put unto his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose leaves two pugils of Orris halfe an ounce of Calamus Aromaticus Cynamon Cloves of each two drammes of Storax and Benzoin of each one dramme and a halfe of Cyperus halfe a dramme beat them into a grosse pouder make thereof a Nodula betweene two pieces of Cambricke or Lawne of the bignesse of an hand-ball then let it bee moistened in eight ounces of Rose water and two ounces of Rose vinegar and let the patient smell unto it often These things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Muske nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Feavers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose water vinegar of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of diet in a pestilent disease ought to bee cooling and drying not slender but somewhat full Because by this kinde of disease there commeth wasting of the spirits and exolution of the faculties which inferreth often swouning therefore that losse must be repaired as soone as may be with more quantity of meates that are of easie concoction and digestion Therfore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomacke and fed well dyed Sweet grosse moist and clammy meates and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtle parts are to be avoyded for the sweet do easily take fire and are soone enflamed the moist will putrefie the grosse and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtle parts over-much attenuate the humours and enflame them and doe stirre up hot and sharp vapours into the braine whereof commeth a Feaver Therefore wee must eschew Garlike Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kind of Pulse must also be avoided because they engender grosse winds which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwayes to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this bee their order of diet let their bread bee of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them bee fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested may engender much laudable juice and very little excrementall as are the flesh of Wether-lambs Kids Leverets Pullets Pattridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quailes Blacke-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hennes Pheasants and such like avoyding water-Fowles Let the Flesh be moistened in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Cytrons tart Pomegranates Barberries Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden wild sorrell for all these sowre things are very wholesome in this kinde of disease for they doe
from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specificke property it defends the heart from poyson as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve keep the heart the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poyson in their whole substance but also because they drive and expell it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scowring and such other kinds of evacuations The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may bee sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantitie than needeth lest it should overthow our nature for whose preservation onely it is used therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at severall times that some portion thereof may daily bee used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venome as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being therto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carryed unto another There are other absolute poisonous which neverthelesse are Antidotes one unto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the prick of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hot and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feaver But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feaver as in the Pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feaver but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire syrupe of Lemons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are stong you may give halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dram The patient ought to walke presently after that hee hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as hee can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to bee infected doe not cease to course and run up and downe untill they have no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many clothes warm brick-bats or tiles applyed to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groines and arme-holes to provoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humours in the Feaver and also to drive forth the malignity in the Pestilence although every sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that hee saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast yet neverthelesse shee died This potion following will provoke sweate Take the roots of China shaved in thinne pieces one ounce and halfe of Guajacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica roots two drams of the shaving of Hats-horne one ounce of Juniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that wil contain sixe quarts put thereto foure quarts of running or river water that is pure and cleare macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae untill the halfe bee consumed which will bee done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leaves of Dictamnus the roots of Tormentill Betony of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wild sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seeds and Divels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Juniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of bole Armenick one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a vial of glasse wel covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the Treacle and cordiall water formerly prescribed are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrell sixe handfuls of Rue one handfull dry them macerate them in vinegar for the space of foure and twenty houres adding thereto foure ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee kept
Clisters and with opening the Cephalicke veine in the arme the arteries of the temples must be opened taking so much bloud out of them as the greatnesse of the Symptomes and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening of an arterie will close and joyne together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of a veine And of such an incision of an artery commeth present helpe by reason that the tensive and sharpe vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious bloud It were also very good to provoke a fluxe of bloud at the nose if nature be apt to exoneâ—ate herselfe that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or bloud flow out at the nostrils mouth or eares it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or picking of the inner sides of the nostrils by pricking with an horse haire and long holding downe of the head The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby hee was freed of a pestilent Feaver which he had before a great sweat rising therewithall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the bloud doe flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands armes and legges must be tyed with bands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arme-holes cupping-glasses must be applyed unto the dugges the region of the liver and spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doune of the willow tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the haires pluckt from the flanke belly or throat of a Hare bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantain and Knot-grasse mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a coole place But if the pain bee nothing mitigated not withstanding all these fluxes of bloud we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose formes are these Take of green Lettuce one handfull flowers of water Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white Poppy bruised of the foure cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisons of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and an halfe of Diacodion make thereof a large potion to be given when they goe to rest Also a Barly-creame may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrell of each two ounces adding thereto sixe or eight graines of Opium of the foure cold seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each halfe an ounce and let the same be boyled in broths with Lettuce and Purslaine also the Pils de Cynoglosso id est Hounds tongue may be given Clisters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water halfe a pinte oyle of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantaine and Purslaine or rather of their juices three ounces of Camphire seven graines and the whites of three egges make thereof a Clister The head must be fomented with rose-Rose-vinegar the haire being first shaven away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheepes lungs taken warme out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warme Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applyed to the neck and shoulder-blades The armes and legs must be strongly bound being first wel rubbed to divert the sharpe vapours and humours from the head Frontals may also bee made on this manner Take of the oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oyle of Poppy halfe an ounce of Opium one dram of rose-Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram mixe them together Also Nodules may bee made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrakes beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applyed to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasmes also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince seeds extracted in rose-Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meale foure ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each halfe an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and Purslaine of each two ounces of the water and vinegar of Roses of each three ounces make thereof a Cataplasme and apply it warme unto the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce water-Lillies Henbane Purslaine of each half a pint of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each halfe an ounce oyle of Roses three ounces of Vinegar two ounces of Barly-meale as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid Pultis When the heate of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflammation of the braine asswaged wee must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in paine of the head they doe use to bind the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must bee avoyded CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidnies THe heat of the kidnies is tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galen newly made adding therto the whites of egs wel beaten that so the ointment may keep moyst the longer let this liniment bee renewed every quarter of an houre wiping away the reliques of the old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss sucti plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii aceti ros â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have anointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like cold herbs then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate wrung out againe and often changed the patient shall not lye upon a feather bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaffe of oates or upon a matte with many doubled clothes or Chamelet spread thereon To the region of the heart may in the meane time bee applyed a refrigerating and alexiteriall medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nenupharini â„¥ ii aceti ros aquaerosar an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed together make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth may be applyed to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriacae opt Ê’i ss succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ ss caphurae croci an gra iiii let them bee all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewre or cocke with
be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the necke and shoulders and let frictions and painefull Ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawne away by glisters and sharpe suppositories Whilest the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent gargarismes to hinder the defluxion of the humor least by its suddaine falling downe it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitions care and diligence not withstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a gargarisme â„ž Pomorum silvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the halfe adding thereunto of the wine of soure Pomegranats â„¥ iiij of diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a litle more boyled and make a gargle according to arte And there may be other Gargarismes made of the waters of Plantaine Night-shade Verjuice Iulep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmaticke Alume Pomgranate pill Cypresse nuts and a litle Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives where by the externall parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the patient if he swallow speake and breathe more freely if he sleepe quietly and the paine begin to be much aswaged Therefore then natures endeavor must be helped by applying resolving medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seeme to turne into Pus Therefore let gargarismes be made of the roots of March-Mallowes Figgs Iujubes damaske Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarismes of Cowes milke with Sugar by oyle of sweete Almonds or Violets warme for such things helpe forward suppuration and aswage paine let suppurating cataplasmes be applyed outwardly to the necke and throate and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistened with oyle of Lillyes When the Physition shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscesse opened with a crooked and long incision knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with clensing gargles as â„ž Aquae hordej lib. ss mellis ros syr rosar sic an â„¥ j. fiag gargarisma Also the use of aenomel that is wine and Hony will be fit for this purpose The ulcer being clensed by these means let it be cicatrized with a litle roch-Alume added to the former gargarismes The Figure of an incision knife opened out of the hafte which serves for a sheath thereto CHAP. IX Of the Bronchocele or Rupture of the throate THat which the French call Goetra that the Greeks call Bronchocele the Latines Gutturis Hernia that is the Rupture of the throate For it is a round tumor of the throate the matter wherof comming from within outwards is conteined betweene the skin and weazon it proceeds in weomen from the same cause as an Aneurisma But this generall name of Bronchocele undergoes many differences for sometimes it retaines the nature of Melicerides other whiles of Steatom'as Atheroma's or Aneurisma's in some there is found a fleshy substance having some small paine some of these are small others so great that they seeme almost to cover all the throatt some have a Cyste or bagge others have no such thing all how many so ever they be and what end they shall have may be knowne by their proper signes these which shall be cureable may be opened with an actuall or potentiall cautery or with an incision knife Hence if it be possible let the matter be presently evacuated but if it cannot be done at once let it be performeed at diverse times and discussed by fit remedies and lastly let the ulcer be consolidated and cicatrized CHAP. X. Of the Pleurisie THe Pleurisie is an inflammation of the membrane investing the ribbes caused by subtile and cholericke bloud springing upwards with great violence from the hollow veine into the Axygos and thence into the intercostall veines is at length powred forth into the emptie spaces of the intercostall muscles and the mentioned membrane Being contained there if it tend to suppuration it commonly infers a pricking paine a Feaver and difficulty of breathing This suppurated bloud is purged and evacuated one while by the mouth the Lungs sucking it and so casting it into the Weazon and so into the mouth otherwhiles by urine and sometimes by stoole But if nature being too weake cannot expectorate the purulent blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest the disease is turned into an Empyema wherefore the Chirurgion must then be called who beginning to reckon from below upwards may make a vent betweene the third and fourth true and legitimate ribs that must be done either with an actuall or potentiall cautery or with a sharpe knife drawne upwards towards the backe but not downwards lest the vessells should be violated which are disseminated under the rib This apertion may be safely and easily performed by this actuall caurtry it is perforated with foure holes through one whereof there is a pin put higher or lower according to the depth manner of your incision then the point thereof is thrust through a plate afiron perforated also in the midst into the part designed by the Physition lest the wavering hand might peradventure touch and so hurt the other parts not to be medled withall This same plate must be somewhat hollowed that so it might be more easily fitted to the gibbous side and bound by the corners on the contrary side with foure strings Wherefore I have thought good here to expresse the figures thereof The Figure of an actuall cantery with its plate fit to be used in a pleurisie But if the patient shall have a large body Chest and ribs you may divide and perforate the ribs themselves with a Trepan howsoever the apertion be made the pus or matter must be evacuated by little and litle at severall times and the capacity of the Chest clensed from the purulent matter by a detergent injection of vj ounces of Barly water and â„¥ ij hony of Roses and other the like things mentioned at large in our cure of wounds CHAP. XI Of the Dropsie THe Dropsie is a Tumor against nature by the aboundance of a waterish humor of flatulencies or Phlegme gathered one while in all the habite of the body otherwhiles in some part and that especially in the capacity of the belly betweene the Peritonaeum and entrailes From this distinction of places and matters there arise divers kinds of Dropses First that Dropsie which fils that space of the belly is either
cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in rose-Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a yeare
stirreup the appetite resist the venemous quality and putrefaction of the humours restraine the heat of the Feaver and prohibit the corruption of the meates in the stomacke Although that those that have a more weake stomacke and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unlesse they be mixed with Sugar and Cynamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslaine Succory Borage Sorrell Hops Buglosse Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervill the cooling Seeds french Barly and Oatmeale with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added for to avoid obstruction yet much broath must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten in the beginning of the Meale provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to bee seasoned with over-much Oyle and Salt they may also with good successe bee put into Broaths Fishes are altogether to be avoyded because they soon corrupt in the Stomack but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgions and Cravises boyled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea-fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kinds of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Egges potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good Likewise Barly water seasoned with the graines of a tart Pomegranate and if the Feaver be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such Barly water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and paine of the head and those must abstaine from it But instead of barly water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisons of the Sunne newly sodden in Rose water with Sugar soure Damaske Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine Peares And in the latter end of the Meale Quinces roasted in the Embers Marmelate of Quinces and conserves of Buglosse or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this pouder following Take of Coriander seeds prepared two drams of Pearle Rose leaves shavings of Hatts-horne and Ivory of each halfe a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinamon one scruple of Unicornes horne and the bone in a Stagges heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses foure ounces Make thereof a pouder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weake he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veale sodden together in the water of Sorrell Carduus benedictus with a little quantity of Rose vinegar Cynamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seeme to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broath of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomegranates This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Buglosse Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum Frigidum of the Trochisces of Camphire of each three drams of Citron seeds Carduus seeds Sorrell seeds the rootes of Diptamnus Tormentill of each two drammes of the broath of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslaine Buglosse and Borage boiled in it sixe pints put them in a Lembecke of glasse with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Partridges and with fifteene leaves of pure gold make thereof a destillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pint straine it through a woollen bagge with two ounces of white Sugar and halfe a dram of Cynamon let the patient use this when he is thirstie Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a legge of Veale two minced Partridges and two drammes of whole Cinamon without any liquor in a lembâ—â—ke of glasse well luted and covered and so let them boile in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect concoction For so the fleshes will bee boiled in their owne juice without any hurt of the fire then let the juice bee pressed out therehence with a presse give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordiall waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to bee avoided because that sweet things turne into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may bee fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickenesse that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custome age the region and the time for through emptinesse there is great danger lest that the venemous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called backe into the inward parts by an hungrie stomacke and the stomacke it selfe should beefilled with cholericke hot thin and sharp excrementall humours whereof commeth biting of the stomack and gripings in the guts CHAP. XXI What drinke the Patient infected ought to use IF the feaver be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unlesse that he be subject to swouning and he may drinke the Oxymel following in stread thereof Take of faire water three quarts wherein boyle foure ounces of hony untill the third part bee consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a cleane vessell and adde thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of faire water of hard sugar sixe ounces of cinamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bagge or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrupe of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence The use of the Julep following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrell well clarified halfe a pint of the juice of Lettuce so clarified foure ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boile them together to a perfection let them bee strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar let it be used betweene meales with boyled water or with equall portions of the water of Sorrell Lettuce Scabious and Buglosse or take of this former described Julep strained and clarified foure ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the forenamed cordiall waters and boile them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinamon halfe a dram
strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have accustomed to drink Sider Perry Beer or Ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somwhat tart for troubled dreggish drink doth not only engender grosse humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a feaver Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the feaver and represse the putrefaction of the humours and the fiercenesse of the venome and also expelleth the water through the veines if so bee that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weake of stomacke for such must avoyd all tart things Take of faire water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine Sugar foure ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boile them a little and then give the patient there of to drinke Or take of the juice of Lemmons Citrons of each halfe an ounce of juice of soure Pomegranates two ounces of the water of Sorrell and Roses of each one ounce of faire water boyled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julep and use it betweene meales Or take of Sirupe of Lemmons and of red Currance of each one ounce of the water of lillies foure ounces of faire water boyled halfe a pinte make thereof a Julep Ortake of the syrups of water Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrell of faire water one pinte make thereof a Julep But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomacke and cholericke by nature I thinke it not unmeet for him to drinke a full and large draught of fountaine water cold for that is effectuall to restraine and quench the heat of the Feaver and contrariwise they that drinke cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge doe encrease the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therfore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chiefe encrease and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomacke are filled beyond measure and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some doe not drinke so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drinke even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must bee covered with many cloaths and so placed that hee may sleepe and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulnesse and long and great heat sound sleep commeth by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present helpe But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrell and Purslaine made moist or soked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Lemmon or Orange macerated in Rose water sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature given to wine when the state of the Feaver is somewhat past and the chiefe heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wasted spirits The patient ought not by any meanes to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wash his hands and his face for that doth recreate the strength If the fluxe or lask trouble him he may very well use to drinke steeled water and also boyled milke wherein many stones comming red hot out of the fire have beene many times quenched For the drynesse and roughnesse of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the leeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oile of sweete Almonds mixed with a little syrupe of Violets If the roughnesse breed or degenerate into Ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because wee have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water I have here thought good to speake somewhat of the choice and goodnesse of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boile meat and make broaths therewith Many thinke that rain water which falls in summer and is kept in a cisterne well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runnes out of the tops of mountaines through rocks cliffes and stones in the third place they put Well water or that which riseth from the foots of hils Also the river water is good that is taken out of the midst or streame Lake or pond water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitfull of and stored with many venemous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthy nature But of spring and well waters these are to be judged the best which are insipide without smell colour such as are cleare warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner pulse turneps and the like are easily and quickly boyled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have cleer voices and shrill their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to bee used in the Plague NOw we must treate of the proper cure of this disease which must bee used as soone as may be possible because this kinde of poyson in swiftnesse exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to bee pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the Ayre is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humours in the body are soone infected with the vicinity of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease voyd of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent
growne unto its full ripenesse and bignesse but if presently after the beginning there bee great inflammation with sharpe paine as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles wee must abstaine from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplasticke and clammy because they doe altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter than the part can beare whereof commeth rather corruption than maturation and last of all because they encrease the feaver and pain which inferreth danger of a convulsion or mortall Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate locall medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sorrell roasted under the coales Galens pultis and such like There are many that for feare of death have with their owne hands pulled away the Bubo with a paire of Smithes Pincers others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their owne hand that the venome might have a passage forth of all which I doe not allow one for such abscesses doe not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means encreased and the humour is made more maligne and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relaxe open the pores of the skinne and digest portion of the venome by transpiration as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallowes and Lillies of each sixe ounces of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each halfe a handfull of Linseeds halfe an ounce of the leaves of Rue halfe a handfull boyle them and straine them dip sponges in the straining and therewith let the tumour bee fomented a long time Or Take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with aqua vitae and Cowes milk or Goates milke and the yolks of three egges put them all one stupes or flaxe and apply them warme unto the place Or Take of soure Rie leaven foure ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yolkes of egges oyle of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applyed in like manner Or Take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oyle of Lillies one ounce and an halfe let them be melted and mixed together and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feele and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision knife or an actuall or potentiall Cautery but it is best to be done with a potentiall Cautery unlesse that happely there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venome from beneath unto the superficiall parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her selfe for then it were danger that lest while nature doth worke slowly a venemous vapour should bee stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the braine by the nerves and the liver by the veines should cause a new increase of the venemous infection For feare whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to passe forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity paine a Feaver and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof commeth a maligne ulcer that often degenerats into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter commeth forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while cleansing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumour seeme to sinke in or hide it selfe again it must be revoked and procured to come forth againe by applying of Cupping-glasses with scarification and with sharpe medicines yea and with Cauteries both actuall and potentiall When the Cauteries are applyed it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there may be some passage open for the venome while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French Pocks so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they voyd of any paine that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they doe presently complain of great paine If you suspect that the Bubo is more maligne by reason that it is of a greene or blacke and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholy humour by adustion turned into a grosse and rebellious melancholy humour so that by the more copious influxe thereof into the part there is danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscesse must bee armed with repercussives but not the abscesse it selfe and this may be the forme of the repercussives Take of the juice of house-leeke Purslaine Sorrell Night-shade of each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three egges of oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a halfe stirre them together and apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boyle a Pomgranate in vinegar beat it with Unguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things doe not stop the influxe of other humours the abscesse it selfe and the places about it must bee scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exonerated of portion of the venome may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and naturall heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humours that flow unto it In scarrifying you must have care of the great vessels for feare of an irrepugnable fluxe of bloud which in this case is very hard to bee stayed or resisted both because the part it selfe is greatly inflamed and the humour very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature carefull for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the bloud humour to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the losse of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallowes Lillies and Elicampaine of each one
and corroding doth by delay acquire greater acrimony and intrositie so that by its burning touch dissolving the adjacent flesh it hinders the conjunction and unition of the lips of the ulcer but in the interim the lips of the ulcer become callous which unlesse they be helped by cutting or eating medicines the ulcer cannot be healed for that by their density they hinder the sweating out of a sufficient quantity of the dewy glew to heale up the ulcer Now the ulcer being plained and brought equall to the other flesh we must use Epuloticks that is such things as have a faculty to cicatrize ulcers by condensing and hardening the surface of the flesh of these there are two kinds for some without much biting bind and dry such are pomgranate pils oake barke Tutia litharge burnt bones scailes of brasse galls cypresse nuts Minium antimony bolearmenicke the burnt and washed shels of oisters Lime nine times washed and many metalline things Others are next to these by which proud flesh is consumed but such must be sparingly used of this kind is washed Vitrioll burnt Alome which excelleth other Epuloticks by reason of the excellent drying and astringent faculty consolidating the flesh which by being moistened by an excrementitious humour growes lanke For that the scarre which is made is commonly unsightly in this kind of ulcers as red livide blacke swolne rough by reason of the great adustion imprinted in the part as by a burning coale therefore I have thought good here to set down some means by which this deformity may be corrected or amended If the scarre be too big or high it shall be plained by making convenient ligation and strait binding to the part a plate of lead rubbed over with quicksilver but you may whiten it by anointing it with Lime nine times washed that so it may bee more gentle and lose the acrimony and incorporated with oile of Roses Some take two pound of Tartar or Argole burne it and then powder it put it in a cloth and so let it hang in a moyst vault or cellar and set a vessel under it to receive the dropping liquor which is good to be rubbed for a good space upon the scarre The same faculty is thought to be in that moysture of egs which sweats through the shel whilest they are roasted at the coals as also unguent citrinum and Emplast de cerussa newly made The three following compositions are much approved ℞ Axungiae suillae nonies lotae in aceto acerrimo ℥ iv cinab succi titri alum usti an ℥ ss sulphur vivi ignem haud experti ʒii caph ℈ ii fiat pulvis then let them all be incorporated together and make an ointment it attenuates the skin and cleanseth spots ℞ olei hyos olei semin cucurb an ℥ i. olei tartar ℥ ss cerae alb ʒiii liquefiant simul lento igne deinde adde spermat ceti ʒvi removeantur predicta ab igne à onec infrigid postea adde troch alb Rhasis pul ʒiii caph ʒi tandem cum mali cirei succo omnia diligenter commisce fiat linmentum Or else ℞ rad serpent ℥ i. bulliat in aq com lb i. ad dimid deinde adde sulph vivi ignem non experti alum crudi pulveris an ʒiss colent predict addatur caph ʒi succi hyoscyami ʒiss Let this medicine be kept in a lead or glasse vessel and when you would use it dip linnen clothes therein and lay them to the part You may also use these medicines against the rednesse of the face and you may fetch them off in the morning by washing the face with warme water and bran CHAP. XXXVI Of sundry kinds of Evacuations and first of sweating and vomiting THe pestilent malignity is not onely evacuated and sent forth by the eruption of pustles and spots but also by sweat vomit bleeding at nose at the haemorrhoids by the courses a fluxe of the belly and other wayes so that nature by every kind of excretion may be freed from the deadly poyson especially that which is not as yet arrived at the heart But chiefe regard must be had to the inclination of nature and wee must attend what way it chiefly aimes at and what kind of excretion it affects Yet such evacuations are not alwayes criticall but usually symptomaticall for that oft-times nature is so irritated by the untameable malignity of the matter that it can no way digest it but is forced by any meanes to send it away crude as it is Wherefore if nature may seeme by the moystnesse of the skin the suppression of urine other signes to affect a crisis and excretion by sweat you then shall procure it by the formerly mentioned meanes It is delivered by the Ancients that all sweats in acute diseases are salutary which happen upon a Criticall day which are universall and hot and signified before the criticall day But in this rapid and deadly disease of the Plague wee must not expect a Crisis but as soone as wee can and by what meanes wee may to free nature from so dire and potent an enemy But oft times the tough and grosse excrementitious humours may bee purged by vomit which could not be evacuated by strong purges Therefore also by this manner of excretion may we hope for the exclusion of the pestilent venome if there bee nothing which may hinder and nature by frequent nauseousnesse may seem to affect this way the endeavour thereof shall be helped by giving some halfe a pint of warm water to be drunke with foure ounces of common oyle an ounce of vinegar and a little juice of raddish after the taking of the potion it is fit to thrust into the throate a goose quill dipped in the same oile or else a branch of Rosemary or else by thrusting in the fingers so to procure vomit also a potion of eight ounces of the mucilaginous water of the decoction of Line seeds will procure vomit Or else ℞ rad raph in taleol sect vel sem ejus sem antriplicit an ʒiii bulliant in aquae com quod sufficit pro dosi in colatura dissolve oxym syr acet an ℥ ss exhibeatur potio larga tepida Or clse ℞ oxym Gal. ℥ vi ol com ℥ ii paretur potio tepid But nature must not be forc't unlesse of its own accord it undertake this motion for forced and violent vomiting distends the nervous fibers of the ventricle dejects the strength breaks the vessels of the Lungs whence proceeds a deadly spitting of blood Wherefore if the stomack shall trouble it selfe with a vain and hurtfull desire to vomit it shall rather be strengthened with bagges of roses worm-wood and Saunders using inwardly the juice of Quinces and Berberies and brothes made for the same purpose CHAP. XXXVII Of spitting Salivation Sneesing Belching Hicketting and making of Water THat long evacuations may be made by spitting and salivation you may learne by the example of such
Oyle of Roses or Rosewater â„ž Rad. ènul campan coct cum aceto contus ut decet lb ss Axung porci olei commu an â„¥ i ss argen vivi extincti tereb lot an Ê’i sal commu pulverati Ê’ii incorporate them according to art The boyled rootes must be drawne through a Sieve which being boyled by a gentle fire with the Axungia must bee continually stirred then put to the Salt with Oyle Waxe when you set it from the fire to coole then adde the Quick silver being killed with a little Axungia and Turpentine â„ž Olei rosat â„¥ ix cerus alb â„¥ iii. cer alb â„¥ ii make it thus Let the Cerusse bee finely powdred and put into the Oyle and Waxe whilst it is hot and so worke the whole together untill they shall be brought into a body â„ž Rad. Ath. lb i. semi lini foenugr an lb. ss Scillae â„¥ iii. Olei com lb. ii cer lb ss terebinth gum heder galb an â„¥ i. coloph. resin â„¥ iii. The rootes and seeds being bruised are infused for three dayes in five pintes of water boyle them untill three ounces be consumed and then draw forth the Mucilage and boyle it with the Oile then adde Waxe cut small these being taken from the fire the Galbanum being dissolved with Vinegar mingled with the Turpentine must be added together with the Gumme Hederae Colophony and Rosin â„ž Ocul populi arb lb i ss fol. papaveris nigr Mandrag byoscyami lactucae sompervivi parvi magni violae nigrae solani umbilici veneris seu cymbalar bardanae an â„¥ ss Cordus Fernelius Nicolaus singulorum â„¥ iii. praescribunt Adipis suilli recentis salis expertis lb ii vini boni lb i. fiat Unguentum The Poplar buds and Violet leaves must be bruised and maccrated in the Axungia for the space of two moneths that is untill the rest of the herbes be ready for they cannot bee gathered before the Summer time but the Poplar buds and Violets may be had in March They must be bruised and mingled very well and set in a warme place for eight dayes then adde one pinte of strong Vinegar and boyle them till it be consumed which may bee perceived by casting a little of it into the fire then straine it forth and put up the Oyntment â„ž Tereb cer alb res an Ê’xiv Opopanacis floris seu viridis aeris nam hic floâ— aris non propriè accipitur pro granulis quae scintillarum instar ab aere exiliunt dum à fabris ferrariis aqua tingitur sed pro viridi aeris usurpatur cujus contra maligna ulcera notae sunt vires contra quae omninò id Unguentum est comparatum an Ê’ii ammon â„¥ xiv aristol lon thuris masculi an Ê’vi myrrhae galbani an Ê’iii bdellii Ê’vi Litharg Ê’ix olei lb ii fiat Unguentum The Litharge is to be mingled with two ounces of Oyle for the space of five houres and with a gentle fire to be boyled untill it come to the consistence of Honey and be alwayes stirring lest it burne being taken from the fire and warme the Waxe and the Rosin being dissolved with the rest of the Oyle must be added Then put to it when it is cooling the Gummes dissolved in Vinegar boyled and incorporated with the Turpentine Then the Aristolochia Myrrhe and Frankinsense are to be mingled and last of all the Verdigrease being in fine powder and sprinkled in and so the unguent is made â„ž Cortic. median castan cortic median querc cortic median gland mirtil eques cortic fabar acinor uvar. sorbor siccor immatur mespillor immaturor rad châ—lidon folior prunor silvest an â„¥ iss Aquae plantaginis lb viii cer nov â„¥ viii ss olei myrtillor lb iiss Then these things which follow being finely powdred are to be sprinkled in â„ž Pulveris corticis mediani castan corticis mediani gland cortic median arb gland id est querc gallar an â„¥ i. Cineris oss cruris bovis myrtill acinor uvar. sorbor siccor an â„¥ ss Trochiscorum de carabe â„¥ ii fiat Unguentum First make a decoction corticis mediani arboris quercus acini uvar. rad chelid mespil sorbor equis seminis myrtil folior pruni sylvestris cort fabar cortic mediani gland cortic castan gallar in the Plantaine water for the space of two houres then straine it and divide the liquor into nine parts washing the Waxe dissolved with the Oyle of Myrtils seven times the liquor being all spent and the Waxe and Oyle being melted then insperge the powders Cruris bovis ossium cortic median querc median cortic gland castan gallar sorbor mespil seminum myrtil acinor uvar. and at last the Trochisces carab after this manner shall you make this Oyntment â„ž Olei absinth mastich de spic rosat an â„¥ ss pulver absinth ros major menth an Ê’i Caryoph cinam mastich galang an Ê’i Powder those things which are to bee powdered and with a sufficient quantity of Waxe make a soft oyntment wherewith let the stomacke be annointed one houre before meales continually â„ž Cer. alb lb ii cerus litharg auri an lb i. myrrh medull cervi an â„¥ ii thuris â„¥ i. olei lb ss Boyle the Litharge in the oyle to a meane consistence then adde to the Waxe Cerusse and when it will not sticke to the fingers take it from the fire and put in the Medulla when it beginneth to coole the Myrrha and Thus being finely powdred must be cast in by little and little and the oyntment may be put up for use The chops of the fundament and remollient Pessaries are likewise made of it and it is very good against the bitings of madde Dogges and the punctures of nerves and tendons keeping wounds so that they doe not agglutinate â„ž Picis pinguis lb i. Opopanacis in aceto forti oleo liliorum veteri porci axungia cocti â„¥ iii. fiat Unguentum Oleum ex sinapi is good against those bitings of mad beasts and punctured nerves for it doth open wounds when they are cicatrized Oyntments are used to overcome the contumacy of a stubborne evill by their firme and close sticking to especially if there shall need no medicine to goe further into the body CHAP. XXVII Of Cerats and Emplasters SUch affinity there is in the composition of a Cerat and Emplaster that oftentimes the one is taken for the other as is usually done in Oyntments and Liniments A Cerat is a composition more solide and hard than an oyntment and softer than a plaster having his name from Waxe which taking away the fluidness of the oyle bringeth him to his consistence The differences of Cerats are taken some from the parts by which they are called as Ceratum stomachicum some from the effects as Ceratum refrigerans Galeni Others from the simple medicaments which are the chiefe in the composition as Ceratum Santalinum
What a liniment is Oyntments their differences Unguentum adstringens Unguentum nutritum Vnguentum aureum Vng Tetraphâ—…macum scu Basiâ—…m Ung. Diapompholygos Vng desiccatvum rubrum Ung. Enulatum Vng album Rhasis De Althaea Vng Populeuâ—… Vng Apostolorum Comâ—… Ung. pto stomacho Ung. ad morsus rubiosos ex li. 1. Gal. de comp sce genera 3. De comp med see gen What a Cerat is The differences Emplasters Signes of a plaster perfectly boyled The quantity of things to be put into plasters Empl. de Vigo with Mercury Ceratum oesipiex Philagrio Degratia Dei De janua seu de Betonica Emplastrum oxycroceum De cerusa Tripharmacum seu nigrum Diapalma seu diachalciteos Contrarupturam De mucaginibus De minio Diachylon magnum The use of plasters The matter of cataplasmes Their use Lib. 2. ad glaucubi deschirrho An anodine cataplasme A ripening cataplasme A discussing caplasme How pultisses differ from caplasmes A ripening cataplasme Their use 2. De victu iâ—â—cutis What an Embrocation is Their use What an Epitheme is In the sixth Chapter A cordiall Epitheme Their use The use of potentiall cauteries The matter of them The formes of them The signe of good Capitellum The faculty of the silken Cautery The cause of the name Their description The description of Mercury or Angelicall powder What vesicatorie and rubrifâ—ing medicines are The description of a vesicatory Their use What a collyrium is The difference of them Their use Their matter A repercussive collyrium An anodine A detergent What an errhine is Their differences The forme of one An errhine purging phlegme An errhine with powders A Rernutatory The matter of solid errhines Their use The manner of using them To whom they are hurtfull What an apophlegmatism is The differences The use of masticatories To whom hurtfull What a gargle is The differences thereof Their matter An astringent gargle An anodine gargle A detersive What a dentifrice is The differences The matter whereof they consist A powder for a Dentifricc Their usâ—… Whata bag or quilt is Their differences A quilt for the stomacke A cap for a cold head A quilt for the heart Their use What a fumigation is Their differences and matter A cephalicke sume For the hardnesse of the sinewes For the relicks of the Lues venerea The manner of using them The manner of a moist fumigation A moist fume for the eares What an insâ—… is The matter A halfe bath for the stone in the kidneies The use The manner of using it The faculties of Bathes Their differences Naturall Baths How to know whence the Bathes have their efficacy The condition of naturall sulphureous waters Of aluminous waters Of salt and nitious Oâ— bituminous Of brasen Of iron Of leaden Of hot baths To whom hurtfull The faculties of cold baths The Spaw Of artificiall baths The faculty of a bath of warme water Why wâ— put oile into baths Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat A mollifying anodine bath Cautions to be observed in the use of baths The fittest time for bathing How to order the patient comming forth of the bath The differences of Stoves How made A vaporous stove or bath As the colour of the skin is such is the humour that is thereunder Waters wherewith to wash the face Compound liquors wherewith to wash the face Virgins 〈◊〉 The marrow of sheeps bones good to smooth the face How to makâ— Salcerussae How to paint the face Why worse in winter than in summer Diâ—â— Remedies An approved ointment To dry up the pustles To kill tettarâ— To smooth the skinne What things are fit to dy the haire How to wash Lime A water to black the haire To make the haire of a flaxen colour A depilatory Another Sweet waters Lavander water Clove water Sweet water What distillation is Foure degrees of heate What heate fittest for what things The matter the best for Fornaces A round forme the best for Fornaces Leaden vessells ill Brasse worse The best vessells for distillation Hot things must bee often distilled * By Aquavita in this and most other places is meant nothing but the spirit of 〈◊〉 The parts of an Alembecke Why those things that are distilled in Balneo retaine more of the strength of things What things neede not to be macerated before they bee dissolved The maceration of plants in their owne juice The varieties of stilled waters Rose water Restauratives Another way of making restorative Liquors Spirit of wine seaven times rectified The faculties of the spirit of wine The distilling of Wine and Vinegar is different The first way The second Lac Virginis Ch. 44. of suci Oiles by expression By infusion By distillation Oyle of Bay-berries Of Egges Oyle of S. Iohns wort Of Masticke What oyles are to be drawne by expression The first manner of drawing oiles by distillation Another way What oiles fall to the bottome The description of Pepper The uses thereof The Cinnamon tree 7. simp An excellent Cinnamon tree A signe that the spirit of wine hath fetcht out the strength of the ingredients A signe that the ingredients have loâ—â— their strength What a Retort is The differences of Gummes Cautions in distilling of gummes How to make oyle of Turpentinâ—… How to make oyle of waxe The faculties thereof How to make oyle of myrrhe How to give it a pleasing colour and smell Vesalius hiâ— balsame Fallopius hiâ— balsame What frankinâ—ense is The faculties thereof The signe of perfectly calcined vitrioll Why a Chirurgion must be carefull in making of Reports Why judgement is difficult Wounds teâ—med great for three respects How long a Chirurgion must suspend his judgement in some cases Generall signes whereby we judge of diseases Wounds deadly by the fault of the ayre Singnes of a fractured scull Signes of death by a wound on the head Signes that the throate is cut Signes that a wound hath pierced in the capâ—city of the chest Signes that the Lungs are wounded That the heart is wounded The midriffe The Vâ—…â—a and great Artery The spinall marrow The Liver The stomacke The spleene The guts The kidneyes The bladder The womb The Nerves Signes that an infant is smothered or over-layd Signes of such as are slaine by Lightning Lib. 2. cap. 54. Signes of wounds given to a living and dead man Signes whether on be hanged alive or dead Whether one found dead in the water came therein a live or dead 〈◊〉 such as are smothered by Charcoale Lib. 9. cap. 12. lib. 23. A history Sect. 5. Aph. 5. The occasion of the death of such as have the apoplexie Conditions of the ayre good to breath in Of the signes of virginitie Lib. de errâ—r popul Aph. 39. sect 5. Lib. 4. de hist animal cap. 20. Lib. 12. de subtilet A certificate of death Another in a doubtfull case In the losse of a member Another in the hurts of divers parts A caution in making report of a woman with child being killed The care of the
mixed with Choler if the Erysipelas possesse the face and if it be spread much over it But if it shall invade another part although it shall proceed of pure choler Phlebotomy will not be so necessary because the blood which is as a bridle to the choler being taken away there may be danger lest it become more fierce yet if the body be plethoricke it will be expedient to let blood because this as Galen teacheth is oft times the cause of an Erysipelas It will be expedient to give a clyster of refrigerating and humâ—â—ting things before you open a veine but it belongs to a learned and prudent Physition to prescribe medicines purging choler The third care must be taken for Topick or locall medicines which in the beginning and encrease must be cold and moist without any either drynes or astriction because the more acride matter by use of astringent things being driven in would ulcerate and fret the adjacent particle Galen and Avicen much commend this kinde of remedy Take faire water â„¥ vj of the sharpest Vinegar â„¥ j make an Oxycrate in which you may wet linnen clothes and apply to the affected part and the circumjacent places renew them often Or â„ž Succi solani planâ—ag sempervivi an â„¥ ij aceti â„¥ ss Mucaginis sem Psylij â„¥ ij succi hyoscyami â„¥ j Misce But if the Erysipelas be upon the face you must use the medicine following â„ž Vnguent Ros â„¥ iiij succi plantagin sempervivi an â„¥ j. Camphorâ—Ê’ss aceti parum let them be mixed together and make a liniment But if the heate and paine be intolerable we must come to narcoticke medicines As â„ž succi hyoscyami solani cicutae an â„¥ j. album ovorum n. ij aceti â„¥ ss opij Camphor an grâ— 4 croc◠℈ ss Mucaginis sem psill faenigr extractae in aq ros plantag an â„¥ j ol de papau â„¥ ij fiat linimentum addendo ung refrigerantis Gal. camphor q. satis sit Yet we must not use such like medicines too long lest they cause an extinction of the native heate and mortification of the part Wherefore such Narcoticke medicines must be used with regard of place time and such other circumstances Therefore we may three manner of wayes understand when to desist from using Narcoticke or stupefactive medicines The first is when the Patient in the affected part feels not so much heat pricking and paine as before The second is when the part feeles more gentle to the touch than before The third when the fiery and pallide colour begins by litle and litle to waxe livid and blacke for then must we abstaine from Narcoticke and use resolving and strengthening things whereby the part may be revived and strengthened by recalling the Native heate As â„ž â—arina hordei Orobi an â„¥ ij farina sem lini â„¥ jss coquantur in Hydromelite vel oxycrato addendo pulv rosarum chamaemael an â„¥ ss aâ—ethi chamaem an â„¥ j fiat cataplasmâ— Or you may use this following fomentation â„ž Rad. Altheae â„¥ ij fol. malvae bismal pariet absinthij salviae an m. j. flor chamaem meliloti rosar rub an m. ij coquantur in aequis partibus vini aquâ— fiat fotus cum spongia After the fomentation you may apply an Emplaister of Diachylon Ireatum or Diapalma dissolved in oile of chamomille and Melilote and such other like The fourth Intention which is of the correction of accidents we will performe by these meanes which we mentioned in curing a Phlegmon by varying the medicaments according to the judgement of him which undertakes the cure CHAP. XIIII Of the Herpes that is Teaters or Ringwormes or such like HErpes is a tumor caused by pure choler separated from the rest of the humors that is carryed by its naturall lightnesse and tenuitye even to the outer or scarfe skin and is diffused over the surface thereof Galen makes three sorts of this tumor For if perfect choler of an indifferent substance that is not very thicke cause this tumor then the simple Herpes is generated obteining the name of the Genus but if the humor be not so thin but compounded with some small mixture of Phlegme it will raise litle blisters over the skin like to the seeds of Miller whence it was that the Ancients called this Tumor the Herpes Miltaris But if it have any admixture of Melancholy if will be an Herpes exedens terrible by reason of the erosion or eating into the skin and muscles lying under it There are absolutely three intentions of curing The first is to appointe a Diet just like that we mentioned in the cure of an Erysipelas The second is to evacuate the antecedent cause by medicines purging the peccant humor for which purpose oft-times clysters will suffice especially if the patient be somewhat easie by nature and if the urine flow according to your desire for by this a great part of the humor may be carryed into the bladder The third shall be to take away the conjunct cause by locall medicines ordained for the swelling and ulcer Therefore the Chirurgion shall have regard to two things that is the resolving of the tumor and the drying up of the ulcer for every ulcer requires drying which can never be attained unto unlesse the swelling be taken away Therefore because the chiefest care must be to take away the Tumor which unlesse it be performed there can be no hope to heale the ulcer he shall lay this kinde of medicine to dissolve and dry as â„ž Cerusae tuthiae praepar an â„¥ j. ol ros adipis capon an â„¥ ij corticis pini usti loci â„¥ ss cerae quantum satis fiat unguentum Or â„ž Farin hordei lent an â„¥ ij conquantur in decocto corticis mali granati balaust plantag addendo pulveris rosar ruâ— absinth an â„¥ ss olei Myrtillor mellis com an Ê’vj fiat ungentum ut artis est But for an Herpes Miliaris these must chiefly be used â„ž pulv gallarum malicorij balaust boli armeni an â„¥ j. aquae ros â„¥ iij aceti acerrimi â„¥ j. axungiae anser olei Myrtillor an â„¥ jss terebinth â„¥ j fiat unguentum ad usum I have often sound most certaine helpe in unguentum enulatum cum Mercurio for it kills the pustules and partly wasts the humor conteined in them Yet if the ulcer not yet neither yeelds but every day diffuseâ— it selfe further and further you shall touch the edges and lipps thereof with some acride medicine as Aqua fortis oyle of Vitriole of such like for by this kinde of remedy I have oft times healed fretting ulcers which seemed altogether incureable CHAP. XV. Of Feavers which happen upon Erysipelous Tumors AS Feavers sometimes happen upon Inflammations and Erysipelaes which savour of the humor whereof they proceed that is Choler Therefore seeing it is peculiar to Choler to move every third day it
Dartos and Erythroides it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefely from the defect of native heate The signes are a tumor encreasing slowly without much paine heavy and almost of a glassie clearenesse which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the Codde above the water flowes downe and by pressing it below it rises upwards unlesse peradventure in too great a quantity it fills up the whole capacity of the Codde yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the Kall or Guts may for oft times it is contained in a Cyste or bagge it is distinguished from a Saycocele by the smoothnesse and equality thereof The cure must first be tried with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which followes I have often tried and with good successe â„ž Vng. comitissa desiccat rub an â„¥ ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kinde of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dried up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yeeld to those remedies there is neede of Chirurgery the Cod and membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seton that is with a large three square pointed needle thred with a skeane of silke you must thrust your needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of thred must be left there or removed twise or thrise a day that the humor may drop downe and be evacuated by little and little But if the paine be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptomes Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or incision knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an incision some halfe fingers breadth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the Testicles and vessels and they keepe the wound open untill all the water seemes evacuated truly by this onely way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a Cyste is safe and to be expected as wee have said in our Treatise of Tumors in generall The Pneumatocele is a flatulent tumor in the Codde generated by the imbecility of heate residing in the part It is knowne by the roundnesse lenity renitencie and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discusse flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennell Faenugreeke Agnus Castus Rue Origanum other things set downe by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good successe for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good wine as Muscadine with oyle of Bayes A Sarcocele is a tumor against nature which is generated about the stones by a schyrrhus flesh Grosse and viscide humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimulate to it selfe whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts doe Varices or swollen veines often associate this tumor and it increases with paine It is knowne by the hardnesse asperitie inequality and roughnesse It cannot be cured but by amputation or cutting it away but you must diligently observe that the flesh be not growne too high and have already seazed upon the Groine for so nothing can be attempted without the danger of life But if any may thinke that he in such a case may somewhat ease the patient by the cutting away of some portion of this same soft flesh he is deceived For a Fungt will grow if the least portion thereof be but left being an evill fure worse than the former but if the tumor be either small or indifferent the Chirurgion taking the whole tumor that is the testicle tumefied through the whole substance with the processe encompassing it and adhering thereto on every side and make an incision in the Codde even to the tumor then separate all the tumid body that is the testicle from the Codde then let him thrust a needle with a strong threed in it through the middest of the processe above the region of the swolne testicle and then presently let him thrust it the second time through the same part of the processe then shall both the ends of the threed be tied on a knot the other middle portion of the Peritonaeum being comprehended in the same knot This being done he must cut away the whole processe with the testicle comprehended therein But the ends of the threed with which the upper part of the processe was bound must be suffered to hang some length out of the wound or incision of the Codde Then a repercussive medicine shall be applied to the wound and the neighbouring parts with a convenient ligature And the cure must be performed as we have formely mentioned The Cirsocele is a tumor of veines dilated and woven with a various and mutuall implication about the testicle and codde and swelling with a grosse and melancholy bloud The causes are the same as those of the Varices But the signes are manifest To heale this tumor you must make an incision in the codde the bredth of two fingers to the Varix Then you must put under the varicous veine a needle having a double threed in it as high as you can that you may binde the rootes thereof then let the needle be againe put after the same manner about the lower part of the same veine leaving the space of two fingers betweene the Ligatures But before you binde the thread of this lowest Ligature the Varix must bee opened in the middest almost after the same manner as you open a veine in the arme to let bloud That so this grosse blood causing a tumor in the Cod may be evacuated as is usually done in the Cure of the varices The wound that remaines shall be cured by the rules of Art after the manner of other wounds Leaving the threads in it which will presently fall away of themselves To conclude then it being growne callous especially in the upper part thereof where the veine was bound it must be Cicatrized for so afterwards the bloud cannot be strained or run that way Hernia Humoralis is a tumor generated by the confused mixture of many humors in the Cod or betweene the tunicles which involue the testicles often also in the proper substance of the testicles It hath like causes signes and cure as other tumors While the cure is in hand rest trusses and fit rowlers to sustaine and beare up the testicles are to be used CHAP. XVIII Of the falling
causeth a dissipation of the spirits whereby it happens that the motions and thoughts of the mind erre as we see it happens to those who have bled much in the Amputation of a member And it happens by the puncture of a venemous beast or from seed retained or corrupted in the womb or from a Gangreen or Sphacel from a venenate and putrid aire carried up to the braine or from a sudden tumult and feare Lastly what things soever with any distemper especially hot do hurt and debilitate the minde These may cause doting by the afflux of humors specially cholerick by dissipation oppression or corruption of the spirits Therefore if it shall proceede from the inflammation of the braine and Meninges or Membranes therof after purging and blood letting by the prescription of a Physition the haire being shaved or cut off the head shall be fomented with rose vineger and then an Emplaster of Diacalcitheos dissolved in oyle and vineger of Roses shall be laid thereupon Sleep shall be procured with Barley creames wherein the seeds of white Poppy have been boyled with broaths made of the Decoction of the cold seedes of Lettuce Purslaine Sorrell and such like Cold things shall be applyed to his nostrils as the seeds of Poppy gently beaten with rose-Rose-water and a little vineger Let him have merry and pleasant Companions that may divert his mind from all cogitation of sorrowfull things and may ease and free him of cares and with their sweet intreaties may bring him to himselfe againe But if it happen by default of the spirits you must seeke remedy from these things which have beene set downe in the Chapter of Sowning The End of the Ninth Booke OF THE GREENE AND BLOODY VVOVNDS OF EACH PART THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the kinds or differences of a broken Scull NOw that we have briefly treated of wounds in generall that is of their differences signes causes prognosticks and cure and also shewed the reason of the accidents and symptomes which usually follow and accompany them it remaines that we treate of them as trey are incident to each part because the cure of wounds must be diversly performed according to the diversity of the parts Now we will begin with the wounds of the head Therefore the head hath the hayry scalpe lightly bruised without any wound otherwhiles it is wounded without a Contusion and sometimes it is both contused and wounded but a fracture made in the Scull is sometimes superficiary sometimes it descends even to the Diploe sometimes it penetrats through the 2. Tables and the Meninges into the very substance of the Braine besides the braine is oft times moved and shaken with breaking of the internall veines and diverse symptomes happen when there appeares no wound at all in the head of all and every of which we will speak in order and adde their cure especially according to the opinion of the divine Hippocrates He in his Booke of the wounds of the head seemes to have made 4. or 5. kinds of fractures of the Scull The first is called a fissure or fracture the 2. a contusion or collision the 3. is termed Effractura the 4. is named Sedes or a seat the 5. if you please to adde it you may call a Counterfissure or as the interpreter of Paulus cals it a Resonitus As when the bone is cleft on the contrary side to that which receaved the stroake There are many differences of these 5. kinds of a broken Scull For some fractures are great some small and others indifferent some runne out to a greater length or breadth others are more contracted some reside only in the superficies others descend to the Diploe or else pierce thorough both the Tables of the Scull some run in a right line others in an oblique and circular some are complicated amongst themselves as a fissure is necessarily and alwayes accompanied with a Collision or Contusion and others are associated with diverse accidents as paine heat swelling bleeding and the like Sometimes the Scull is so broken that the membrane lying under it is pressed with shivers of the bone as with pricking needles Somewhiles none of the bones fals off All which differences are diligently to be observed because they force us to vary the cure and therefore for the helpe of memory I have thought good to describe them in the following Table A Table of the fractures of the Scull A fracture or solution of continuity in the Scull is caused either by Contusion that is a collision of a thing bruising hard heauy and obtuse which shall fall or bee smitten against the head or against which the head shall bee knocked so that the broken bones are divided or Keepe their naturall figure and site touching each other whence proceeds that fracture of the Scull which is called a fissure which is Either manifest apparent that is To your sight To your feeling Or instrument Or obscure and not manifest when as not the part which received the blow is wounded but the contrary therto and that happens either In the same bone and that 2 manner of waies as On the side as side example then the right side of the bone of the fore-head is strucken the left is cleft Or from above to below as when not the first Table which received the blow is cleft but that which is under it In divers bones to wit in such men as want sutures or have them very close or disposed otherwayes then is fit and this opposition is either From the right side to the left and so on the contrary as when the right Bregma is struck and the left cleft From before to behind and the emtrary as when the forehead is smitten the nowle is cleft Or betweene both that is the obscure manifest as that which is termed a Capillary fissure and is manifested by smearing it over with oyle and writing inke Or loose that site and that either Wholy so that the particles of the broken bone removed from their seat and falling down presse the membrane whence proceeds that kind of effracture which reteines a kind of attrition when as the bone strucke upon is broken as it were into many fragments shivers and scailes either apparent or hid in the sound bone so that it is pressed downe Or in some sort as when the broken bone is in some part separated but in others adheres to the whole bone whence another kind of effracture arises you may call it Arched when as the bone so swels up that it leaves an empty space below Or by incision of a sharpe or cutting thing but that incision is made either by Succision when the bone is so cut that in some part it yet adheres to the sound bone Rescission when the fragment fals down wholly broken off Or Seate when the marke of the weapon remaines imprinted in the wound that the wound is of no more length nor breadth than the weapon fell upon Another
take heed of the over light chiefely untill such time as the most feared and maligne symptomes are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits encreases paine strengthens the feaver and symptomes Hippocrates wholy forbids wine therefore the patient in steed thereof must drinke Barly water faire water boyled and tempered with Iulep of Roses syrupe of Violets vinegar and the like water wherein bread crummes have beene steeped water and sugar with a little juyce of Lemons or pomecitron added thereto and such like as the abilitye and taste of the patient shall require Let him continue such drinkes until he be free from maligne symptomes which usually happen within foureteene dayes His meat shall be pappe ptisan shunning Almond milkes for Almonds are sayd to fill the head with vapours and cause paine stued damaske Prunes Raisons and Currance seasoned with sugar and a little cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomack and revive and exhilarate the spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veale Kid Leverets birds of the fields Pheasons blacke-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larkes and such like meates of good digestion boiled with lettuce purslaine sorrell borage buglosse succory endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on these meates roasted he may only dipping them in verjuice in the acide juices of Oranges Citrons Lemons or Pomegranets sometimes in one and sometimes in another according to his taste and ability If any have a desire to eate fish he must make choyce of Troutes Gudgions Pikes and the like which live in running and cleare waters and not in muddy hee shall eschew all cold sallets and pulse because they flye up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meate to use common drige powder or Aniseed Fennell-seed or Coriander comfits also conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should bee offended with vapoures arising from thence Children must eate often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their naturall heate is more strong wherefore they stand in neede of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentifull nourishment for that then their stomackes are more hot than in Summer When the foureteenth day is past if neither a feaver nor any thing else forbid hee may drinke wine moderately and by little and little encrease his dyet but that respectively to each ones nature strength and custome He shall shunne as much as in him lyes sleepe on the day time unlesse it happen that a Phlegmon seaze upon the braine or Meninges For in this case it will bee expedient to sleepe on the day time especially from morning till noone for in this season of the day as also in the spring blood is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly knowne that it need not be spoken that the blood when wee are awake is carryed into the habite and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleepe it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the blood by the force of the Sunne casting his beames upon the earth at his rising is carryed into the habite of the body should againe bee more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the braine and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will bee better especially then to stay by sleepe the violence of the blood running into the habite of the body when it shall seeme to rage and more violently to affect that way Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the braine and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities paines and heavinesse of the head and makes the wounds dry and maligne But if the patient cannot sleepe by reason of the vehemencie of the inflammation of the braine and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmeare and annoint the head nose temples and eares with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupifie and make drowsie the Braine and membranes thereof being more hot than they ought to be Wherefore for this purpose let the temples bee anointed with Vnguentum populeon or Vnguentum Rosatum with a little rose vinegar or oxycrate Let a spunge moistened in the decoction of white or blacke poppie seed of the rinds of the rootes of Mandrages of the seedes of Henbane lettuce purslaine plantaine night-shade and the like He may also have a broath or barly creame into which you may put an emulsion made of the seedes of white poppye or let him have a potion made with â„¥ j. or â„¥ iss of the syrupe of poppie with â„¥ ij of lettuce water Let the patient use these things 4 houres after meate to procure sleepe For sleepe doth much helpe concoction it repaires the effluxe of the triple substance caused by watching aswageth paine refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the patient take his naturall rest If the patient shall bee plethoricke let the plenitude be lessened by blood-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Phisition who shall oversee the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kindes of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation paine and other such like symptomes be increased by stirring up the humors Phlebotomie according to Galens opinion must not onely be made respectively to the plenty of blood but also agreeable to the greatnesse of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw backe that humor which flowes downe by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawne to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalicke veine of the right arme shall be opened unlesse a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may bee opened although the body is not plethoricke The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is farre better by reason of the straightnesse of the fibers than to draw blood on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the patient still feeling his pulse unlesse a Physition be present to whose judgement you must then commit all that businesse For the pulse is in Galens opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soone as we finde it to become lesser and more slow when the fore-head beginnes to sweate a little when he feeles a paine at his heart when he is taken
Apothecarie had used too straite a ligature to his head and face for this straite ligature so pressed the sutures that the fuliginous vapoures which used to passe through them and the pores of the scull were stopped from passing that way besides the beating of the Arteries was intercepted and hindred by which meanes the paine and inflammation so encreased that his eyes were rent and broke in sunder and fell forth of their orbe Wherefore Hippocrates rightly commends an indifferent ligature also hee fitly wisheth us to let the emplaisters bee soft which are applyed to the head as also the cloathes wherewith it is bound up to bee of soft and thinne linnen or of Cotton or wooll When the patient is in dressing if there come much matter out of the wound you shall wish him if hee can to lye upon the wound and now and then by fits to strive to breathe stopping his mouth and nose that so the braine lifted and swollne upwards the matter may bee the more readily cast forth otherwise suffer him to lye so in his bed as he shall best like of and shal be least troublesome to him You may with good successe put upon the Crassa Meninx oyle of Turpentine with a small quantity of aqua vitae and a little Aloes and Saffron finely powdred to clense or draw forth the Sanies or matter Or else â„ž Mellis rosar â„¥ ij sarinae hord pulver aloes Mastich Ireos Florent an Ê’ss aquâ— vitae parum let them be incorporated together and make a detersive medicine for the foresayd use Sometimes also the Crassa Meninx is inflamed after Trepaning and swolne by a Phlegmon that impatient of its place it rises out of the hole made by the Trepan and lifts its selfe much higher than the scull whence greevous symptomes follow Wherefore to prevent death of which then wee ought to bee afraid wee must inlarge the former hole with our cutting mullets that the matter contained under the scull by reason of whose quantity the membraine swells may the more freely breathe and passe forth and then we must goe about by the prescript of the Phisition to let him bleed againe to purge and diet him The inflammation shall bee resisted by the application of contrary remedies as this following fomentation â„ž Sem. lini althae soen psillij ros rub an â„¥ j. solani plantag an M. j. bulliant in aqua tepida communi ex qua fiat fotus Anodyne and repelling medicines shall bee dropped into his eares when it is exceedingly swolne that the tumor may subside you shall cast upon it the meale or floure of lentills or vine leaves beaten with Goose grease With all which remedies if the tumor doe not vanish and withall you conjecture that there is Pus or matter contained therein then you must open the Dura Mater with your incision knife holding the point upwards and outwards for so the matter will be poured forth and the substance of the braine not hurt nor touched Many other Chirurgions and I my selfe have done this in many patients with various successe For it is better in desperate causes to try a doubtfull remedy than none at all also it oft times happens whither by the violence of the contusion and blow or concretion or clotting of the blood which is shed or the appulse of the cold ayre or the rash application of medicines agreeing neither in temper nor complexion with the Crassa Meninx or also by the putrifaction of the proper substance that the Dura Mater it selfe becomes blacke Of which symptome the Chirurgion must have a great and speciall care Therefore that thou mayst take away the blacknesse caused by the vehemencie of the contusion you shall put upon it oyle of egges with a little Aqua Vitae and a small quantity of Saffron and Orris roots in fine powder you shall also make a â—omentation of discussing and aromaticke things boiled in water and wine and Vigoes Cerat formerly described shall bee applyed But if the harme come from congealed blood you shall withstand it with this following remedie â„ž Aquae Vitae â„¥ ij tritorumÊ’iiss croci ℈ 1. Mellis rosat Ê’jss sarcocol Ê’iij Leviter simul bulliant omnia de colatura infundatur quousque nigrities fuerit obliterata If this affect come by the touch of the ayre it shall bee helped with this following remedie â„ž Tereb ven â„¥ iij. Mellis ros â„¥ ij hordeiÊ’iij creci ℈ j. sarcocol Ê’ij vitaeÊ’ij Incorporentur simul bulliant paululum This remedy shall be used untill the blacknesse be taken away and the membrane recover its pristine colour But if this affect proceedes from the rash use of medicines it must bee helped by application of things contrary For thus the offence caused by the too long use of moyst and oyly medicines maybe amended by using catagmaticke cephalick powders but the heate and biting of acride medicines shal be mitigated by the contrary use of gentle things for both humide and acride things somewhat long used make the part looke blacke that truely by generating and heaping up filth but this by the burning and hardening heate But when such blacknesse proceedes from putrifaction Iohn de Vigo commends the following remedie â„ž aquae vitae â„¥ ij mellis rosat â„¥ ss But if the affect be growne so contumacious that it will not yeeld to this gentle remedy then this following will bee convenient R Aq. vitae â„¥ iij. mellis ros â„¥ j pulver Mercur. Ê’ij vnica ebullitione bulliant simul ad usum dictum Or â„ž aquae vit â„¥ iss syrup absinth mellis ro at an Ê’ij aegyptiaciÊ’ijss an.Ê’j. vini albi boni odoriferi â„¥ j. bulliant leviter omnia simul colentur ad usum dictum But if the force of the putrefaction be so stubborne that it will not yeeld to these remedies it will be helped with Agyptiacum made with plantaine water in steed of Vinegar used alone by its selfe or with the powder of Mercury alone by it selfe or mixt with the powder of Alome Neither must we bee afraid to use such remedies especially in this extreame disease of the Dura Mater for in Galens opinion the Crassa Meninx after the scull is Trepaned delights in medicines that are acride that is strong and very drying especially if it have no Phlegmon and this for two reasons the first is for that hard and dry bodies such as membranous bodies are be not easily affected unlesse by strong medicines the other is which must be the chiefe and prime care of the Physition to preserve and restore the native temper of the part by things of like temper to it But if the auditory passage not onely reaching to the hard membranes of the Braine but also touching the Nerve which descends into it from the braine suffer most vehement medicines though it be placed so neere certainely the Crassa Meninx will endure them farre more
of paine we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to goe in hand to plucke them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of cureing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of paine The two former scopes to wit of diet and diverting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping glasses to the necke and shoulders and fcarification doe absolutely belong to the Phisitian Now for proper and to picke medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of Pomgranats plantaine water a little vineger wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have beene boyled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the paine of the teeth ought to bee things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vineger in such kind of remedies ℞ rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss conquassatiʒii santalorum an ʒi lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lib. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warme You may also make Trochisces for the same purpose after this manner ℞ sem hyoscyami sandarachae coriandri opii an ʒss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formentur que trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else ℞ seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an ʒss Let them all bee beaten together with strong vineger and made into trochisces with which being dissolved in rose water let the gums and whole mouth bee washed when need requireth But if the paine bee not asswaged with these you shall come to narcoticks which may stupefie the nerve as ℞ seminis hyoscyami albi opii camphorae papaveris albi an quantum sufficit coquantur cum sapa et denti applicentur Besides you must also put this following medicine into the eare of the pained side ℞ opii castorei an ℈ i. misceantur cum oleo rosato It hath sometimes availed in swolne and distended gums being first lightly scarified to have applied leaches for the evacuation of the conjunct matter as also to have opened the veines under the tongue or these which are behind the eares For I remember that I by these three kindes of remedies asswaged great paines of the teeth Yet there bee some who in this affect open not these veines which are behind the eares but those which are conspicuous in the hole of the eare in the upper part thereof Paine of the teeth arising from a cold cause and defluxion may be helped by these remedies boyle rosemary sage and pellitory of Spaine in wine and vinegar and adde therto a little aqua vitae in this liquor dissolve a little treacle and wash your teeth therewith Others mingle Gum ammoniacum dissolved in aqua vitae with a little sandar acha and myrrhe and lay it to the pained tooth after Vigoes counsaile Mesue thinkes that beaten garlicke carryed in the right or left hand asswages the paine as the teeth ake upon the right or left side But I being once troubled with grievous paine in this kinde followed the counsaile of a certaine old woman and laid garlicke rosted under the embers to my pained tooth and the paine forthwith ceased The same remedy used to others troubled with the like affect had like successe Moreover some thinke it availeable if it bee put into the auditory passage Others drop into the eares oile of castoreum or of cloves or some such other chemicall oile It is good also to wash the teeth with the following decoction ℞ pyrethriʒss menthe et rutae an p. i. bulliant in aceto and with this decoction being warme wash the teeth Some like fumes better they make them of the seeds of Coloquintida and mustard and other like they take the smoake by holding their mouths over a funnell Other some boile pellitory of Spaine ginger cinamon alume common salt nut megs cipresse nuts anise and mustard seeds and euphorbium in oxycrate and in the end of the decoction adde a little aqua vitae and receive the vapour thereof through a funnell as also they wash their teeth with the decoction and put cotton dipped therein into the eare first dropping in a little thereof Some there are which affirm that to wash the teeth with a decoction of Spurge is a very good and anodyne medicine in the tooth-ach I have oft times asswaged intolerable paines of the teeth by applying vesicatories under the eare to wit in that cavity whereas the lower jaw is articulated with the upper for the veine artery and sinew which are distributed to the roots of the teeth lye thereunder Wherfore the blisters being opened a thinne liquor runnes out which doth not onely cause but also nourish or feed the disease But if the tooth be hollowed and that the patient will not have it puld out there is no speedier remedy than to put in caustick medicines as oile of vitrioll aqua fortis and also a hot iron for thus the nerve is burnt insunder and loseth its sense Yet some affirm that the milky juice that flowes from Spurge made into a paste with Olibanum and amylum and put into the hollowed tooth will make it presently to fall away in peeces When the Gums and Cheekes are swollen with a manifest tumour then the patient begins to be somewhat better and more at ease For so by the strength of nature the tumor causing the paine is carryed from within outwards But of what nature soever the matter which causeth the paine be it is convenient to intercept the course thereof with Empl. contra rupturam made with pitch and mastick and applyed to the temple on that side where the tooth aketh CHAP. XXVI Of other affects of the teeth THe teeth are also troubled with other preternaturall affects For sometimes they shake by relaxation of the gums or else become corrupt and rotten or have wormes in them or else are set on edge For the first the gummes are relaxed either by an externall or primitive cause as a fall or blow or else by an internall or antecedent as by the defluxion of acrid or waterish humours from the braine or through want of nourishment in old bodies If the teeth grow loose by the meanes of the decaying gums the disease is then incurable but you may withstand the other causes by the use of such things as fasten the teeth shunning on the contrary such as may loosen them Therefore the patient must not speake too earnestly neither chaw hard things If they become loose by a fall or
for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
fortiter exprimantur expressioni adde terebinth â„¥ iii. cer quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum molle Also Emp. de vigo Oxicroceum de mucilaginibus de meliloto and the like mixed together and softened with a little oyle or axungia are of the like faculty and good for the same purpose Let this be the forme of an ointment â„ž anserem pinguem imple catellis duobus de quibus deme cutem viscera caput pedes item accipe ranas nu x. colubros detracta cute in frusta dissectos nu iv mithridat theriac an â„¥ ss fol. salviae rorismar thymi rutae an m. ss baccarum lauri juniperi conquassat an â„¥ i. pulveris nuc moschat zinzib caryophyl piper an Ê’i de co quod stillabat fiat unguentum vel linimentum cum cera terebinth veneta pauca aqua vitae addita this marvelously asswageth the paine of the gout arising from a cold cause Another â„ž Gummi pini lodani an â„¥ iv gummi elemi picis naval an â„¥ ss claraeÊ’vi chamaemel liliorum an â„¥ iv vini rub lb. i. ss aq vit salv an Ê’vi dissolvantur omnia simul lento igne baculo semper agitando deinde adde pul ireos flor baccarum lauri hermodactyl and â„¥ iiss mastiches myrrhae olibani an â„¥ ii farinae fabar â„¥ iv incorporentur omnia simul fiat unguentum molle Or else â„ž mucag. seminis foenâ—gr in aceto extract quantum volueris cui misce mellis quantum sufficit let them be boyled together untill they acquire the consistence of an oyntment These things shall be changed as often as need shall seeme to require Also anodine and discussing fomentations are good to resolve as this â„ž fol. rutae salv rorismar an m. i. bulliant cum aceto vino and so make a decoction for a fomentation which you may use not only in a cold gout but also in a hot because it resolveth and strengtheneth the part by astriction and freeth it from the defluxion you must have a care that the medicines which are used to paines of the gout be changed now and then For in this kinde of disease that remedy which did good a little before and now availeth will in a short time become hurtfull But if the contumacy and excesse of the pain be so great that it will not yeeld to the described medicines then it is fit because the disease is extreme to use according to Hypocrates counsell extreme remedies such as are those which follow â„ž axungiae gallinae olei laurini mastic â—uphorb an â„¥ i. pulver euphorb pyreth an Ê’i fiat litus herewith let the part bee rubbed every day for it is a very effectuall medicine For euphorbium and pellitory by their heat attenuate and resolve the capons grease and oile of bayes relaxe the oyle of mastich strengtheneth the part and hindereth a new defluxion Also there is made a very anodine ointment of oyle of foxes wherein earth-wormes the roots of elecampane and bryoniâ— have beene boiled with a little turpentine and waxe this softens attenuates and resolves the cold humour impact in the joints Or else â„ž seminis sinapi pulverisati aceto acerrimo dissoluti â„¥ iii. mellis anacardini â„¥ ii aquae vitae â„¥ i. salis com Ê’ii Let them bee all mixed together and applyed to the pained part Or â„ž picis nigrae â„¥ iii. terebinth venetae â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi subtiliter pulverisati â„¥ iii. olei quant sufficit liquefiant simul fiat emplastrum Let it bee spread upon leather and laid upon the part for two or three dayes space if the patient perceive any ease thereby if otherwise let it be changed as we said before Some for the same purpose apply nettles thereto and presently after wash the part in sea or salt water Others foment the part with vineger wherein pidgeons dung hath beene boiled A vesicatory made of very sower leaven cantharides and a little aqua vitae is very powerfull to evacuate the conjunct matter For thus the maligne and virulent serum or whayish humour is let out whence followes some ease of the pain Now there are some gouty paines which cannot bee lessened or asswaged unlesse by remedies more powerfull than the distemper therefore vesicatories ought not to be rejected seeing that the Ancients in this affect have also made use of actuall cauteries as we shall shew hereafter Christopher Andreas in his booke termed Oëcoitarie that is Domestick physicke much commends Oxe dung wrapped in cabbage or vine leaves and roasted in the embers and so applyed hot to the grieved part CHAP. XVI Of locall medicines to be applied to a hot or sanguine Gout HEre must wee in the beginning make use of repercussives such as are cold and dry that they may contend with the morbificke matter by both their qualities also let them bee astrictive so to adde strength to the part But I would have you alwaies to understand that you must first premise generall medicines â„ž albuminum ovorum nu iv succi lactuca solani an â„¥ i. aq rosar â„¥ ii incorporentur simul fiat linimentum saepius renovandum Others take the meale of barly lentils acatia oile of roses myrtles and with a little vineger they make a cataplasme Or â„ž sumach myrtillorum boli arm an Ê’ss acatiae corticum granat balust an Ê’i aq plantag rosar an â„¥ iii. ol rosati â„¥ iss aceti â„¥ i. farinae hordei lentium quantum satis erit fiat cataplasma This is very excellent and effectuall to stay or hinder phlegmonous and erysipelatous tumours Also you may make a Cataplasme ex mucagine Cydoniorum in aqua rosarum extracta cassiae fistula oleo rosato aceto Or â„ž pampinorum vitis viridum m. ii terantur bulliant in oxycrato ex aqua fabrorum cui adde sumach conquassati â„¥ i. olei rosat â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma Or else â„ž succi sempervivi hyoscyami portulacae an â„¥ iv corticum mali granati â„¥ iss farinae hordei â„¥ v. vini austeri quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma this is much commended for it hath entring thereinto wine and the pomgranate pill which both are very great astrictives and the juices are exceeding cooling the meale also hinders and thickens the sanguine humours that are ready to flow downe and make the medicine of a good consistence Another â„ž fol. hyoscyami acetosae an m. i. involvantur papyro sub cineribus coquantur mox cum unguento populeon aut rosat â„¥ ii incorporentur and then lay this Cataplasme thus made warme unto the part Another â„ž florum hyoscyami lb. ii ponantur in phiala vitreata reconde in fimo equino donec putruerint accipe ex putredine â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve olei de junipero â„¥ ss fiat linimentum adusum Others beat the pulpe of a Gourd or Citrull in
a mortar and so apply it Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii cyton extract in aquae rosar solani an â„¥ iiii olei rosati omphacini â„¥ iii. vini granatorum â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum cum albumine nu iii. camphoraeÊ’i incorporentur simul fiat linimentum Or else â„ž ol rosat omphacini â„¥ iv album ovorum cum vitellis nu vi succi plantag solani an â„¥ i. farinae hordei â„¥ iii. incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â„ž farinae fabarum hordei an â„¥ iii. olei rosati â„¥ ii oxycrati quantum sufficit coquantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii â„¥ iiii ol rosati â„¥ ii aceti â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci ℈ i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governour of the hither Spaine as hee overlooked the winowing of his corne was taken by the paine of the gout in his feet wherefore hee covered himselfe with the Wheat above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note worthy which often happeneth that the paine cannot bee altogether eased by such like remedies by reason of the abundance of bloud impact in the part wherefore it must bee evacuated which I have done in many with good successe opening the veine which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the paine was presently asswaged Neither must wee too long make use of repercussives lest the matter become so hardened that it can scarce bee afterwards resolved as when it shall bee concrete into knots and plaisterlike stones resolving medicines are to bee mixed with repercussives conveniently applied so to discusse the humour remaining as yet in the part whereof shall bee spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of locall medicines for a cholericke gout THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of gout ought to bee cold and moiste that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslaine house-leeke henbane sorrell plantaine poppy cold water and the like whereof may bee made divers compositions As â„ž succi hyosciami sempervivi lactuc. an â„¥ ii hordeiÊ’i olei rosati â„¥ ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum let it bee applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some thinke the braine of a hogge mixed with white starch or barly meale and oile of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallowes boyled in water and beaten with a pestell and applyed asswage pain â„ž mucag. sem psilii extract in aq solani vel rosarum â„¥ ii farin hordei â„¥ i. aâ—eti q. s fiat linimentum Or else â„ž unguent rosat mesuae populei an â„¥ iii. succi melonum â„¥ ii alb ovorum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â„ž fol. caulium rub m. ii coquantur in oxycrato terantur adde ovorum vitellos tres olei rosati â„¥ iii. farinae hordei quantum sufficit â—ingatur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts dane-weede and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oyle of roses and barly meale make a cataplasme In winter time when as these things cannot bee had greene you may use unguentum infrigedans Galeni populeon Or else â„ž cerae albae â„¥ i. croci ℈ i. opii ℈ iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit marcerentur opium crocus in aceto deinde terantur incorporentur cum cera oleo fiat ceratum spread it upon a cloth lay it upon the part and all about it and let it bee often renewed Some cut Frogges open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that the paine of the sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have beene asswaged by annoynting the part affected with the mucous water or gelly of Snailes being used for the space of seven or eight dayes the truth whereof was assured mee by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemean a man of great honesty and credit who himselfe was troubled for sixe moneths space with the sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snailes put them in a copper pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then presse them in a course or haire cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen ragges and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there bee great inflammation the Snailes shall bee boyled in Vineger and rose-Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boyled in Vineger and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or beane flower are good against these paines Or else â„ž pomorum coctorum in lacte lib. i. butyri â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma There are some who take cheese crud newly made and mixe it in a mortar with oyle of Roses and barly meale and so apply it it represseth the inflammation and asswageth paine Others mixe Cassia newly extracted forth of the Cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leaves of Cole-worts and Dane-weede or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vineger Others macerate or steepe an ounce of linseed in Wurt and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into Cataplasme with some oyle of Roses and barly meale Some put oyle of poppyes to the pulpe of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoine of Basas that was throughly cured therwith when as he had bin vexed long much with gouty pains above the common custome of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridge tile thick strong and heat it red hot in the fire then put it into such another tile of the same bignesse but cold lest it should burne the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wurt leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burning it Then let the patient endure the heate that comes therefrom and by sweate receive the fruit thereof for the space of an houre substituting fresh Dane-wurt leaves if the former become too dry as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the houre bee ended This being done let the part bee dryed with warme and dry linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteene dayes and that in the morning fasting afterwards annoynt the part with this following oyntment â„ž succi ebuli lb i. ss olei com lb i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a strait mouthed glasse and well luted up then
materialia terantur trajiciantur adde â—xungiae porci unguenti basiliconis an â„¥ ii fiat cataplasma let it be applyed presently after the fomentation You may use this following liniment whilest the cataplasme is providing â„ž unguenti alth agrippae an â„¥ iss oesipi humidae axung human an â„¥ i. butyri recentis olei lilior chamaem an Ê’vi liquefiant simul addendo aquae vitae â„¥ i. fiat linimentum let it bee applyed outwardly upon the part wherein the Caruncles are For the same purpose plasters shall bee applyed which may bee diversified and fitted as you shall thinke good yet Emplastrum de Vigo truly made exceedeth all the rest in a mollifying faculty and in wasting such callous hardnesse The following fumigation is also good for the same purpose take some pieces of a mille-stone for this wee use in stead of the pyrites mentioned by the Ancients or else some Brickes of a large size after they are heated hot in the fire let them be put into a pan and set under a close stoole then cause the patient to sit thereon as if hee were going to stoole then poure upon the hot stones equall parts of very sharpe vinegar and very good Aqua vitae and casting clothes about him that nothing may exhale in vaine let him receive the ascending vapour at his Fundament Perinaeum Scrotum and Urethra Moreover that this medicine may worke the better effect you may put the Patient naked into the Barrell noted with this letter A. so that he may sit upon a seate or borde perforated on that part whereas his Genitalls are then place the pan holding the hot stones between his legges then presently sprinkle the stones with the forementioned liquor by the doore marked with the letter B. Thus the Patient shall easily receive the fume that exhales therefrom and none thereof bee lost he covering and vailing himselfe on every side Such a fumigation in Galens opinion hath a faculty to penetrate cut resolve soften and digest scirrhous hardnesses A Barrell fitted to receive the Fume in CHAP. XXIII What other remedies shall be used to Caruncles occasioned by the Lues venerea BUT if you suspect that these Caruncles come or are occasioned by a virulent humour or the malignity of the Lues venerea it is meet that the patient observe such a diet as usually is prescribed to such as are troubled with the Lues venerea let him use a decoction of Guajacum and let the perinaeum and the whole yard bee anointed with ointment made for the Lues venerea otherwise the Surgion will lose his labour In the interim whilest hee shall sweat in his bed he shall bee wished to hold betweene his legges a stone bottle filled with hot water or else a hot bricke wrapped in linnen cloathes moistened in vinegar and aqua vitae for thus the heat and vapour will ascend to the genitalls which together with the helpe of the applyed ointment will dissolve the matter of the Caruncles and being thus softened they must be consumed with convenient medicines Wherefore first if they become callous or cicatrized which you may suspect if they cast forth no excrementitious humidity they shall be exasperated excoriated and torne with a leaden Cathaeter having a rough button at the end like a round file He shall so long use the Cathaeter put into the Urethra thrusting it up and downe the same way so long and often as hee shall thinke fit for the breaking and tearing the Caruncles hee shall permit them thus torne to bleed freely so to ease the affected part You may also for the same purpose put into the Urethra the Cathaeter marked with this letter B. whereinto putting a silver wiar sharp at the upper end that by often thrusting it in and out it may wear and make plain the resisting caruncles Verily by this meanes I have helped many much perplexed with the fearefull danger of this disease Some better like of the Cathaeter marked with the letter A. being thus used it is thrust into the Urethra with the prominent cutting sides downewards and then pressing the yard on the outside close with your hand to the Cathaeter in the place where the Caruncles are it is drawn forth againe Cathaeters fit to weare asunder or teare Caruncles A. sheweth the Cathaeter with the inserted silver wiar but not hanging forth thereat B. sheweth the Cathaeter with the inserted silver wiar hanging forth at the end The thus torne Caruncle shall bee strawed over with the following pouder being very effectuall to waste and consume all Caruncles of the privities without much paine â„ž herb sabin in umbra exsiccat Ê’ ii ocrae antimon tuth praparat an Ê’ ss fiat pulv subtilissimus let it bee applyed in the following manner Put the powder into the pipe or Cathaeter having holes in the sides thereof the which is the lowermost of the last described Then put the Cathater into the urenary passage untill the slit or opennesse of the side come to the Caruncle then into the hollownesse of the Cathaeter put a silver wiar wrapped about the end with a little linnen ragge which as it is thrust up will also thrust up the pouder therwith untill it shall come to the slit against the caruncle then will it adhere to the caruncle bloody by reason of the late attrition Then shall you draw forth the Cathater first twining it about that so it may not scrape off the pouder againe If intollerable paine hereupon happen it shall bee asswaged and the inflammation restrained by the following injection â„ž succorum portulacae plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ss album ovorum nu vi agitentur diu in mortario plumbeo let it be injected warme into the urethra with a syringe In stead hereof you may also make use of another injection which is formerly prescribed Neither will it be unprofitable to apply repercussives to the genitalls to hinder pain and inflammation You may also use other medicines having a faculty to consume the Caruncle amongst which these following are excellent â„ž viridis aeris auripigmenti vitriol Rom. aluminis roch an â„¥ ii infundantur omnia in acet acerrimo atque inter duo marmora in pollinem redigantur then let it be exposed to the summer sunne and dryed againe infused in sharp vinegar and then as before grownd upon a marble so that you shall finde nothing sharpe with your fingers lastly let it be opposed to the sunne untill it may bee made into most subtle pouder and all the acrimony be vanished which will be commonly in eight dayes space Then â„ž ol rosat â„¥ iv lythargyri â„¥ ii coquantur ad ignem quousque coiërint in emplast solidae consistentiae ab ignetum semotis adde pulv praedict â„¥ ii let them bee mixed with a spatula and put upon the fire untill it come to so hard a consistence that it will sticke to
thought to comfort the stomack and citron seeds to defend the heart from malignity liquerice to smooth the throat and hinder hoarsnesse and cause sweat But these things shall be given long after meat for it is not fit to sweat presently after meat some there bee who would have the child wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot and afterwards hard wrung forth Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges or hot bricks for the same purpose certainly a decoction of millet figges and raisons with some sugar causeth sweat powerfully Neither is it amisse whilest the patient is covered in all other parts of his body and sweats to fan his face for thus the native heat is kept in so strengthened and fainting hindred and a greater excretion of excrementitious humours caused To which purpose you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vinegar water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have cooling faculty this also will keepe the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pocks THe eyes nose throte lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles than the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease with the eye-lids also moistening them with rose-rose-water verjuice or vinegar and a little Camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berbery-seeds pomgranate pills aloe sand a little faffron the juice of sowre pomgranates and the water of the whites of egges dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womans milke mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eyes bee much swolne and red you shall not use repercussives alone but mixe therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these bee tempered with some fennell or eye-bright water Then the patient shall not looke upon the light or red things for feare of paine and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflammation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conducing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tuttye and Antimonie in the water of fennell eye bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put into the nosthrils and outwardly applyed We shall defend the jawes throate and throttle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowre pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths often rouling them up down therein as also by nodula's of the seeds of psilium quinces the like cold astringent things We must provide for the lungs respiration by syrupes of jujubes violets roses white poppyes pomgranats water-lillies and the like Now when as the pocks are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer dier and you must wholly busie your selfe in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and scailing them But for the meazels they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the pocks may bee ripened by annoynting them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallowes lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a paire of sizzers or else bee opened with a golden or silver needle lest the matter conteined in them should corrode the flesh that lyes thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pockholes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dryed up with unguent rosat adding thereto cerusse litharge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the floure of barly and lupines are dissolved or mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annoynted therewith with a fine linnen ragge some annoint them with the swathe of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the floure of barly or lupines or both of them Others mixe crude hony newly taken from the combe with barly floure and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dryed up like a scurfe or scab they annoint them with oyle of roses violets almonds or else with some creame that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicite the patients to scratch whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherfore you shall bind the sick childs hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh mallowes barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it bee already excoriated then shall you heale it with unguent albumcamphorat adding thereto a little powder of Aloes or Cinnabaris or a little desiccativum rubrum But if notwithstnding all your application of repelling medicines pustles neverthelesse break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of Collyria having a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bignes as to break the eies that which somtimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbes If any crusty ulcers arise in the nosthrils they may be dryed and caused to fall away by putting up of oyntments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with hoarsenesse and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarismes made with barly water the waters of plantaine and chervill with some syrupe of red roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arres left in the face if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a paire of sizzers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticatarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccarum excorticat farinae hordei an â„¥ iiii Let them all bee made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith anoynt the face with a feather let it bee wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and Capons grease are good to smooth the roughnesse of the skin as also oile of lillies hares bloud of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plaine as also whiten the Pock-holes
experience that the bites of men are not altogether without virulencie especially of such as are red haired and freckled cheiflie when as they are angred it is probable that the bites of other persons want this malignitie seeing that their spittle will cure small ulcerations Wherefore if there shall happen difficultie of cure in a wound caused by a mans biting which is neither red haired nor freckled neither angrie this happens not by meanes of the spittle nor by anie maligne qualitie but by reason of the contusion caused by the bluntnesse of the teeth not cutting but bruising the part for being not sharp they cannot so easily enter the flesh unlesse by bruising and tearing after the manner of heavie and blunt stroaks and weapons wounds being occasioned by such are more hard to bee cured than such as are made by cutting and sharp weapons But of the fore-said bitings of venemous creatures there are few which doe not kill in a short space and almost in a moment but principally if the poison be sent into the bodie by a live creature for in such poison there is much heat also there is therein a greater tenuity which serves as vehicles thereto into what place or part soever of the bodie they tend the which the poisons taken from dead creatures are detective of Wherefore some of these kill a man in the space of an houre as the poison of Aspes Basiliskes and Toads others not unlesse in two or three daies space as of water Snakes a Spider and Scorpion require more time to kill yet all of them admitted but in the least quantity doe in a short space cause great and deadly mutations in the bodie as if they had breathed in a pestiferous aire and with the like violence taint and change into their owne nature all the members and bowels by which these same members do in the time of perfect health change laudible meats into their nature and substance The place whereas these poisonous creatures live the time conduce to the perniciousnesse of the poison for such as live in drie mountanous and sun-burnt places kill more speedily than such as be in moist and marish grounds also they are more hurtfull in winter than in summer and the poison is more deadly which proceeds from hungry angry and fasting creatures than that which comes from such as are full and quiet as also that which proceeds from young things chiefly when as they are stimulated to venery is more powerfull than that which comes from old decrepite from females worse than from males from such as have fed upon other venemous things rather than from such as have abstained from them as from snakes which have devoured toads vipers which have fed upon scorpions spiders Caterpillers Yet the reason of the efficacie of poysons depends from their proper that is their subtle or grosse consistence the greater or lesse aptnesse of the affected body to suffer For hot men that have larger more open veins arteries yeeld the poison freer passage to the heart Therefore those which have more cold straight vessels are longer ere they die of the like poison such as are full are not so soon harmed as those that are fasting for meats besides that by filling the vessels they give not the poison so free passage they also strengthen the heart by the multiplication of spirits so that it more powerfully resists pernicious venome If the poison worke by an occult and specifick propertie it causeth the cure and prognostick to be difficult and then must we have recourse to Antidotes as these which in their whole substance resist poysons but principally to treacle because there enter into the composition thereof medicines which are hot cold moist and drie whence it is that it retunds and withstands all poisons chiefly such as consist of a simple nature such as these which come from venemous creatures plants and mineralls and which are not prepared by the detestable art of empoisoners CHAP. X. What cure must bee used to the bitings and stingings of venemous beasts CUre must speedily bee used without any delay to the bites and stingings of venemous beasts which may by all meanes disperse the poyson and keepe it from entring into the body for when the principall parts are possessed it boots nothing to use medicines afterwards Therefore the Ancients have propounded a double indication to leade us to the finding out of medicines in such a case to wit the evacuation of the virulent and venenate humour and the change or alteration of the same and the affected body But seeing evacuation is of two sorts to wit universall which is by the inner parts and particular which is by the outward parts We must begin at the particular by such to pick medicines as are fit to draw out and retund the venome for we must not alwaies begin a cure with generall things as some thinke especially in externall diseases as wounds fractures dislocations venemous bites and punctures Wherefore hereto as speedily as you may you shall apply remedies fit for the bites punctures of venemous beasts as for example the wounds shall bee presently washed with urine with sea-sea-water aquavitae or wine or vineger wherein old treacle or mustard shall be dissolved Let such washing be performed very hot and strongly chafed in â—â—d then leave upon the wound and round about it linnen ragges or lint steeped in the same liquor There be some who thinke it not fit to lay treacle thereto because as they say it drives the poyson in But the authority of Galen convinceth that opinion for he writeth that if treacle be applyed to this kind of wounds before that the venome shall arrive at the noble parts it much conduceth Also reason confutes it for vipers flesh enters the composition of treacle which attracts the venome by the similitude of substance as the Load-stone draweth iron or Amber strawes Moreover the other simple medicines which enter this composition resolve and consume the virulencie and venome and being inwardly taken it defendeth the heart and other noble parts and corroboratheth the spirits Experience teacheth that mithridate fiftly given in the stead of treacle worketh the like effect The medicines that are taken inwardly and applyed outwardly for evacuation must bee of subtle parts that they may quickly insinuate themselves into every part to retund the malignity of the poyson wherefore garlike onions leeks are very good in this case for that they are vaporous also scordium tue dictamnus the lesser Centaury horehound rocket the milkie juice of unripe figs and the like are good there is a kind of wilde buglosse amongst all other plants which hath a singular force against venemous bites whence it is termed Echium and viperinum and that for two causes the first is because in the purple flowers that grow amongst the leaves there is a resemblance to the head of a viper or adder Another
Scorpions laid waste a certaine part of Aethiopia by chasing away the inhabitants The Ancients made divers kinds of Scorpions according to their varietie or difference of colours some being yellow others browne redish ash-coloured greene whitish blacke duskie some have wings and some are without They are more or lesse deadly according to the countries they inhabite In Tuscanie and Scythia they are absolutely deadly but at Trent and in the Iland Pharos their stinging is harmlesse The place stung by a Scorpion presently begins to be inflamed it waxeth red growes hard and swels and the patient is againe pained hee is one while hot another while cold labour presently wearies him and his paine is somewhiles more and somewhiles lesse he sweats and shakes as if he had an Ague his haire stands upright palenesse discolours his members and hee feels a paine as if he were pricked with needles over all his skin wind flieth out backwards he strives to vomit and goe to stoole but doth nothing he is molested with a continuall feaver and sowning which at length proves deadly unlesse it be remedied Dioscorides writes that a Scorpion beaten and laid to the place where he stung is a remedy thereto as also eaten roasted to the same purpose It is an usuall but certaine remedy to anoint the stung place with the oyl of Scorpions There be some who drop into the wound the milkie juice of figs others apply thereto Calamint beaten othersome use barly meale-mixed with a decoction of Rue Snailes beaten together with their shels and laid thereon presently asswage pain Sulphur vivum mixed with turpentine and applyed plaster-wise is good as also the leaves of â—…ue beaten laid thereto In like sort also the herbe Scorpioides which thence tooke its name is convenient as also a bryony root boiled and mixed with a little sulphur and old oile Discorides affirmes Agarick in powder or taken in wine to be an Antidote against poysons verily it is exceeding good against the stingings or bitings of serpents Yet the continuall use of a bath stands in stead of all these as also sweat and drinking wine somewhat alaid Now Scorpions may bee chased away by a fumigation of Sulphur and Galbanum also oile of Scorpions dropped into their holes hinders their comming forth Juice of radish doth the same For they will never touch one that is besmeared with the juice of radish or garlike yea verily they will not dare to come neare him CHAP. XXVI Of the stinging of Bees Waspes c. BEes Waspes Hornets and such like cause great paine in the skin wounded by their stinging by reason of the curstnesse of the venome which they send into the body by the wound yet are they seldome deadly but yet if they set upon a man by multitudes they may come to kill him For thus they have sometimes been the death of horses Wherefore because such as are stung by these by reason of the cruelty of pain may think they are wounded by a more virulent and deadly creature I thinke it not amisse to set downe what signes follow upon their stingings Great paine presently ariseth which continueth untill the sting left in the part is taken forth the part becomes red and swolne and there riseth a push or little blister The cure is forthwith to sucke the wound very hard and thereby to draw forth the stings which if they cannot thus be gotten out the place if nothing hinder is to be cut or else temper ashes with leven or oile and so apply them the part also may be very conveniently put into hot water and there fomented for an houres space and at length washed in sea-sea-water Cresses beaten and applied asswage the paine and discusse the humour causing the tumour Oxe dung macerated in oile and vinegar and applyed hot doth the same There are some who apply to the part the same creatures beaten as we formerly said of Scorpions beans chawed and laid to the part asswage paine Vinegar hony and salt applied exceeding hot are good if besides you dip a cloth therein and lay it upon the place sulphur vivum tempered with spittle hath the same effect The milkie juice of unripe figs incorporated with hony is judged very effectuall but it is much the better mixed with treacle Waspes will not sting nor bite such as anoint their bodies with the juice of mallowes mixed with oile They may bee quickly chased away with the fume of brimstone and such like things A waspe is said if shee find a viper dead to dip her sting in the others poyson and thence men learned to empoison the heads of their arrowes The rough and hairy wormes which are commonly called Bear-wormes especially those which breed about a Pine tree cause great itching rednesse swelling in the part which they bite touch or grate upon very hard A remedy hereof is onions beaten with vinegar and the rest of the things formerly mentioned CHAP. XXVII Of the bite of a Spider SPiders weave webs with various art yet in these they alwaies make a lurking hole so to lye in waite to catch the intrapped flyes and so to prey upon them There are many sorts of Spiders one is termed Rhagium round and like a blacke berry whence it taketh the name it hath a very small mouth under the midst of the belly and most short feet as if they were imperfect her bite is as painefull as the sting of a Scorpion Another is called Lupus or the Wolfe-spider because shee doth not onely lye in waite to catch flyes but also bees and waspes and all such things as may flee into her webbe The third is named Myrmecion it is larger than an Ant but headed like one the bodie thereof is blacke and hath white spots or streakes running towards the backe The fourth kind may bee called Vesparium in other things resembling a Waspe but that it wants the wings of a redish colour and living onely on herbes The Ancients have thought their bitings to bee venemous Now their poyson is therefore thought to bee cold because the symptomes thence arising are winde in the belly refrigerations of the extreme parts of the body numnesse in the bitten part with sense of cold and shaking The wound must forthwith be washed with very hot vinegar then must you lay thereto onions and such like things beaten then procure sweat by art as by bathes and stoves yet nothing is more effectuall than treacle and mithridate CHAP. XXVIII Of Cantharides and Buprestes CAntharides shine as it were with a golden colour acceptable to the eye by reason of the commixture of a blewish or greenish colour therewith yet their smell is ungratefull They are hot and dry in the fourth degree and so causticke corrosive and venemous not onely by reason of their caustick quality but because of a secret antipathy which they naturally have against the urenary parts which effects they produce not onely if they bee
resembleth silver in the colour and is in perpetuall motion as if it had a spirit or living soule There is a great controversie amongst authors concerning it For most of them affirme it hot amongst whom is Galen Halyabas Rhases Aristotle Constantine Isack Platearius Nicholas Massa they maintain their opinion by an argument drawn from things helping and hurting besides from this that it is of such subtle parts that it penetrates dissolves and performeth all the actions of heate upon dense and hard mettals to wit it attenuateth incideth dryeth causeth salivation by the mouth purgeth by the stoole moveth urine and sweat over all the body neither doth it stirre up the thinner humours onely but in like sort the grosse tough and viscous as those which have the Lues Venerea find by experience using it either in ointments or plasters Others affirme it very cold and moyst for that put into emplasters and so applyed it asswageth paine by stupefaction hindring the acrimony of pustles and cholerick inflammations But by its humidity it softeneth scirrhous tumours dissolveth and dissipateth knots and tophous knobs besides it causeth the breath of such as are anointed therewith to stinke by no other reason than that it putrefies the obvious humours by its great humidity Avicens experiment confirmes this opinion who affirmeth that the bloud of an Ape that drunke Quicksilver was found concrete about the heart the carcasse being opened Mathiolus moved by these reasons writes that Quicksilver killeth men by the excessive cold and humide quality if taken in any large quantity because it congeales the bloud and vitall spirits and at length the very substance of the heart as may bee understood by the history of a cetaine Apothecary set downe by Conciliator who for to quench his feaverish heat in stead of water drunke off a glasse of Quicksilver for that came first to his hands hee dyed within a few houres after but first hee evacuated a good quantity of the Quicksilver by stoole the residue was found in his stomack being opened and that to the weight of one pound besides the bloud was found concrete about his heart Others use another argument to prove it cold and that is drawne from the composition thereof because it consists of lead and other cold mettals But this argument is very weak For unquencht Lime is made of flints and stony matter which is cold yet neverthelesse it exceeds in heat Paracelsus affirmeth that quicksilver is hot in the interior substance but cold in the exterior that is cold as it comes forth of the mine But that coldnesse to bee lost as it is prepared by art and heat onely to appeare and bee left therein so that it may serve in stead of a tincture in the transmutation of mettals And verily it is taken for a rule amongst Chymists that all metals are outwardly cold by reason of the watery substance that is predominant in them but that inwardly they are very hot which then appeares when as the coldnesse together with the moysture is segregated for by calcination they become caustick Moreover many account quicksilver poyson yet experience denyes it For Marianus Sanctus Baralitanus tels that hee saw a woman who for certaine causes and affects would at severall times drink one pound and an halfe of quicksilver which came from her againe by stoole without any harme Moreover he affirmeth that hee hath knowne sundry who in a desperate Cholick which they commonly call miserere mei have beene freed from imminent death by drinking three pounds of quicksilver with water only For by the weight it opens and unfolds the twined or bound up gut and thrusts forth the hard and stopping excrements he addeth that others have found this medicine effectuall against the cholick drunke in the quantity of three ounces Antonius Musa writes that hee usually giveth quicksilver to children ready to dye of the wormes Avicen confirmeth this averring that many have drunke quicksilver without any harme wherefore hee mixeth it in his ointments against scaules and scabs in children whence came that common medicine amongst the countrey people to kill lice by anointing the head with quicksilver mixed with butter or axungia Mathiolus affirmeth that many think it the last and chiefest remedy to give to women in travaile that cannot bee delivered I protest to satisfie my selfe concerning this matter I gave to a whelpe a pound of quicksilver which being drunke downe it voyded without any harme by the belly Whereby you may understand that it is wholly without any venemous quality Verily it is the onely and true Antidote of the Lues Venerea and also a very fit medicine for maligne ulcers as that which more powerfully impugnes their malignity than any other medicines that worke onely by their first qualities Besides against that contumacious scabbe which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis there is not any more speedy or certaine remedy Moreover Guido writes that if a plate of lead bee besmeared or rubbed therewith and then for some space laid upon an ulcer and conveniently fastned that it will soften the callous hardnesse of the lips thereof and bring it to cicatrization which thing I my selfe have oftimes found true by experience Certainely before Guido Galen much commended quicksilver against maligne ulcers cancers Neither doth Galen affirm that lead is poysonous which many affirm poysonous because it consists of much quicksilver but hee onely saith thus much that water too long kept in leaden pipes cisternes by reason of the drossinesse that it useth to gather in lead causeth bloudy fluxes which also is familiar to brasse and copper Otherwise many could not without danger beare in their bodies leaden bullets during the space of so many yeares as usually they doe It is declared by Theodoricke Herey in the following histories how powerfull quicksilver is to resolve and asswage paines and inflammations Not long since saith hee a certaine Doctor of Physick his boy was troubled with parotides with great swelling heat pain beating to him by the common consent of the Physicians there present I applyed an anodine medicine whose force was so great that the tumor manifestly subsided at the first dressing and the paine was much asswaged At the second dressing all the symptomes were more mitigated At the third dressing I wondring at the so great effects of an Anodine Cataplasme observed that there was quicksilver mixed therewith and this happened through the negligence of the Apothecarie who mixed the simple Anodine medicine prescribed by us in a mortar wherein but a while before he had mixed an oyntment whereinto quicksilver entred whose reliques and some part thereof yet remained therein This which once by chance succeeded well I afterwards wittingly and willingly used to a certaine Gentlewoman troubled with the like disease possessing all the region behind the eares much of the throate and a great part of the cheeke when as nature helped by common
carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carried than Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Saunders Mace Citron pills Rose and Mirtle leaves of each two drammes of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each halfe a dramme of Cinamon and Saffron of each two Scruples of Camphire and Amber Greece of each one scruple of Muske three graines Make thereof a Pomander with Rose water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red Rose leaves the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Saunders Coriander seeds Citron pills of each halfe an ounce of Camphire one dramme let them all bee made into pouder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the winter it is to be made thus take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a Scruple of Cloves Lavander and Cyperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i. Flower-de-Luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber Greece three drams of gum Tragacanth dissolved in Rose water Aquavitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet pouders made of Amber Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoine Muske Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjoram such like of which being mixed together Pouders may be compounded made Take of the rootes of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus red Roses of each halfe an ounce of Cloves halfe a dramme of Storax one dramme of Muske eight graines mixe them and make a pouder for a bagge or take the rootes of Orris two ounces red Rose leaves white Saunders Storax of each one ounce of Cyperus one dram of Calamus Aromaticus one ounce of Marjoram halfe an ounce of Cloves three drammes of Lavander halfe a dramme of Coriander seedes two drammes of good Muske halfe a scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinamon of each two drammes Make thereof a fine pouder and few it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart a bagge filled with yellow Saunders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinckled over with strong vinegar and Rose water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskedine in the Winter These sweet Aromaticke things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principall parts of the body and to stirre up the expulsive faculty to expell the poyson Contrarie-wise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsaile such as are in a pestilent constitution of the aire to receive and take in the stinking and unsavoury vapours of sinkes and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper Bay berries the roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth hindereth putrefaction because it is cold dry therfore in this inanimate bodies as flesh Herbes fruits and many other such like things may be kept a long time without putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldnesse if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtle parts and the spices boyled in it have vertue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtfull to wash his whole body therewith let him wash onely his arme-holes the region of his heart his temples groines parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principall and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following unguent Take oyle of Roses four ounces oyle of Spike two ounces of the pouder of Cinamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of Benzoin halfe an ounce of Muske sixe graines of Treacle halfe a dramme of Venice Turpentine one dramme and a halfe of Waxe as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft unguent You may also drop a few drops of oile of Mastick of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the eares with a little Civet or Muske CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in feare of the Plague VENERY is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakened A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excesse in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very carefull that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custome they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humours into their society Such as have fistulous or otherwise old ulcers must not heale them up in a pestilent season for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sinke of the humors of the body may be emptied The Haemorrhoids bleedings other the like accustomed evacuations must not be stopped unlesse they exceed measure Moreover they must at such times take heed that they touch or handle not any of these things wherein the seedes or fuell of the pestilence may lye hid such as are hempe flaxe quilts and coverings wherein such as have had the plague have laid skins and all leathern things hangings and cloaths You must dwell farre from church-yards especially from those wherein the corps of such as have died of the plague are not buried deep in the ground as in the church of the Innocents in Paris in which place by the same reason it sundry times happens that the buried bodies are plucked up rent and torne by dogs Also let them dwell farre from places of execution shambles of flesh and fish from tanne-houses diers tallow-chandlers cloth-dressers farriers skinners and from the places wherein metals are cast or wrought The filth and dung especially of Swine Privies standing and muddy waters and lastly all things of the like evill smell must be farre remote from your habitation the belly must not bee emptied into those places into which the excrements of such as have the plague are cast The company of such as usually visite those sicke of the plague must be eschewed as of Physitians Apothecaries Surgeons Nurse-Keepers Grave-makers and Bearers For though they have not the plague
multitude of the matter with the weight whereof nature is overcome When the Moone decreaseth those that are infected with the Pestilence are in great doubt and danger of death because then the humours that were collected and gathered together before the full of the Moone through delay and abundance do swell the more and the faculties by which the body is governed become more weake and feeble because of the imbecility of the native heate which before was nourished and augmented by the light and so consequently by the heat of the full Moon For as it is noted by Aristotle the wainings of the Moone are more cold and weak and thence it is that women have their menstruall fluxes chiefly or most commonly at that time In a grosse and cloudy Aire the pestilent infection is less vehement and contagious than in a thin and subtle Aire whether that thinnesse of the Aire proceed from the heat of the Sun or from the North wind cold Therfore at Paris where naturally and also through the abundance of filth that is about the Citie the Aire is darke and grosse the pestilent infection is lesse fierce and contagious than it is in Province for the subtlety of the Aire stimulates or helps forward the Plague But this disease is mortall and pernicious wheresoever it bee because it suddenly assaulteth the heart which is the Mansion or as it were the fortresse or castle of life but commonly not befoâ—… signes and tokens of it appeare on the body and yet you shall scarce find any man that thinketh of calling the Physitian to helpe to preserve him from so great danger before the signes thereof be evident to bee seene and felt but then the heart is assaulted And when the heart is so assaulted what hope of life is there or health to be looked for Therefore because medicines come oft-times too late and this malady is as it were a sudden and winged messenger of our death it commeth to passe that so many dye thereof And moreover because at the first suspicion of this so dire and cruell a disease the imagination and minde whose force in the diversly stirring up of the humours is great and almost incredible is so troubled with feare of imminent death and dispaire of health that together with the perturbed humours all the strength and power of nature falleth and sinketh downe This you may perceive and know by reason that the keepers of such as are sicke and the bearers which are not fearefull but very confident although they doe all the basest offices which may be for the sick are commonly not infected and seldome dye thereof if infected CHAP. XVIII How a pestilent feaver comes to be bred in us THe Plague oft-times findeth fuel in our bodies and oft-times allurements to wit the putrefaction of humours or aptnesse to putrefie but it never thence hath its first originall for that comes alwaies from the defiled aire therefore a pestilent feaver is thus bred in us The pestilent Aire drawne by inspiration into the lungs and by transpiration into the utmost mouthes of the veines and arteries spread over the skin the bloud or else the humours already putrefying or apt to putrefie therein are infected and turned into a certaine kind of malignity resembling the nature of the agent These humours like unquencht lime when it is first sprinkled with water send forth a putride vapour which carryed to the principall parts and heart especially infecteth the spirituous bloud boyling in the ventricles thereof and therewith also the vitall spirits and hence proceeds a certaine feaverish heat This heat diffused over the body by the arteries together with a maligne quality taints all even the solid parts of the bones with the pestiferous venome and besides causeth divers symptomes according to the nature thereof and the condition of the body and humours wherein it is Then is the conflict of the malignity assailing nature defending manifest in which if nature prevaile it using the help of the expulsive faculty will send drive it far from the noble parts either by sweats vomits bleeding evacuation by stoole or urine buboes carbuncles pustles spots and other such kinds of breakings out over the skin But on the contrary if the malignity prevaile and nature be too weake and yeeld and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will dye For this is a great signe of the Plague or a pestilent Feaver if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength faile them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signes mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himselfe so soone as he finds himselfe infected WEE have said that the perpetuall and first originall of the pestilence commeth of the Aire therefore so soone as one is blasted with the pestiferous Aire after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof hee must withdraw himselfe into some wholesome Aire that is cleane and pure from any venemous iufection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Aire for we doe most frequently and abundantly draw in the Aire of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Aire that is drawne in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the Poyson or malignity that is received as the Aire is pure sincere or corrupted There bee some that doe think it good to shut the patient in a close Chamber shutting the windowes to prohibite the entrance of the Aire as much as they are able But I thinke it more convenient that those windowes should bee open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venemous Aire For although there be no other cause yet if the Aire bee not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soone bee corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Aire I would wish the patient to make wind or to procure Aire with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tyed to a long Staffe that by tossing it up and downe the close chamber the wind or aire thereof may coole and recreate the patient The patient must every day bee carried into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwaies be a cleare and bright fire in the patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the aire may be made more pure cleane and voyd of nightly vapours and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the patient or his excrements In the meane time lest if it be in hot weather the patient should be weakened or made more faint by reason that
are more weake halfe a dram It is better to give the infusion in a decoction than in substance for being elected and prepared truly into Trochises it may be called a most divine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praysed by the experience of many but because I know the use thereof is condemned by the councell and decree of the School of Physicians at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweats are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous Ayre among whom the efficacy of that which followeth hath beene proved to the great good of many in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germany as Matthias Rodler Chancellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified unto me by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye with foure pints of water then they doe set it over the fire and boyle it in a vessell of earth well leaded untill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling unto the bottome like unto salt whereof they make Trochisces of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolve one or two of those Trochisces according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and give it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that hee hath drunke it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bed and there sweat him two or three houres and then he will vomit and his belly will bee loosed as if hee had taken Antimony and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedy betimes and before the disease went unto their heart as I my selfe have proved in some that were sicke at Paris with most happy successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physicians being taken and applyed inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I have heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physician of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoves drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approved remedie against the Pestilence as he and many other have often found by experience For the plague is no other thing but a very great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoves being melted by the sun and force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken will performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolve a little weight of the seed of Rue being bruised in Muskadine with the quantity of a Beane of Treacle and so drinke it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaves or tops of Broome in halfe a pint of white wine and so give it to the patient to drinke to cause him to vomit loose his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they bind broome above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venome from going any nearer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampaine Gentian Tormentill Kermes berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe a dram they doe bruise and beate all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twenty houres in white wine and Aqua vitae on the warm embers and then straine it and give the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poyson and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Bean dissolve them in white wine and a little Aqua vitae and let the patient drinke it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vinegar under the embers and then straine it and mixe the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or any other cordiall thing and with strong wine and give the patient to drinke thereof to provoke sweat and to repell the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a big Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little Aqua vitae then straine it and give the patient thereof to drink There be some that doe drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vinegar and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Wall-nuts and then by much walking doe unburthen their stomack and belly upwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dryed leaves of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunke is thought to bee a most soveraigne medicine to provoke sweat loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Mathiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuary de Gommis will drive away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit looseness of the belly sweat one dram of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oyle of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poyson by vomit therewithall they anoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrests of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and wel exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but onely move the humours whereby commeth a Feaver When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomack and withhold the agitation or working of the humours and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignity be carryed into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that cover it which inflammation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgement and sometimes-the memory according to the situation of the inflammation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fiery rednesse of the eyes and face and heavinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with
a bason under it to receive the water which by dropping may resemble raine Let the soles of the feet and palmes of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lye far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THE skinne in pestilent feavers is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in forme like unto a graine of millet The more spots appeare the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulency of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow browne violet or purple blew and blacke And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore wee call them Purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and forme of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i Butterflies because they doe suddenly seaze or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflyes sometimes the face sometimes the armes and legges and sometimes all the whole body often times they doe not onely affect the upper part of the skin but goe deeper into the flesh specially when they proceed of matter that is grosse and adust They doe sometimes appeare great and broad affecting the whole arme legge or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humour that offends in quality or quantity If they are of a purple or black colour with often swouning and sinke in suddenly without any manifest cause they foreshew death The cause of the breaking out of those spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venome received or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent feaver many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humours in the body that neither the Sores nor Carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as forerunners of death Sometimes they breake out alone without a Botch or Carbuncle which if they bee red and have no evill symptomes joyned with them they are not wont to prove deadly they appeare for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimes later and sometimes they appeare not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Wherefore then principally the putride heat which is greatest a little before the death of the patient drives the excremental humors which are the matter of the spots unto the skin or else because nature in the last conflict hath contended with some greater endeavour than before which is common to all things that are ready to dye a little before the instant time of death the pestilent humour being presently driven unto the skinne and nature thus weakened by this extreme conflict falleth downe prostrate and is quite overthrowne by the remnant of the matter CHAP. XXIX Of the Cure of Eruptions and Spots YOU must first of all take heed lest you drive in the humour that is comming outwards with repercussives therfore beware of cold all purging things Phlebotomy and drowsie or sound sleeping For all such things doe draw the humours inwardly and work contrary to nature But it is better to provoke the motion of nature outwardly by applying of drawing medicines outwardly and ministring medicines to provoke sweat inwardly for otherwise by repelling stopping the matter of the eruptions there will bee great danger lest the heart be oppressed with the abundance of the venome flowing back or else by turning into the belly it inferres a mortall bloody fluxe which discommodities that they may bee avoided I have thought good to set downe this remedy whose efficacy I have knowne and proved many times and on divers persons when by reason of the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty and the thicknesse of the skinne the matter of the spots cannot breake forth but is constrained to lurke under the skin lifting it up into bunches and knobs I was brought unto the invention of this remedy by comparison of the like For when I understood that the essence of the French pockes and likewise of the pestilence consisted in a certain hidden virulency and venemous quality I soon descended unto that opinion that even as by the anointing of the body with the unguent compounded of Quick-silver the grosse and clammy humors which are fixed in the bones and unmoveable are dissolved relaxed and drawne from the center into the superficiall parts of the body by strengthening and stirring up the expulsive faculty and evacuated by sweating and fluxing at the mouth that so it should come to passe in pestilent Feavers that nature being strengthened with the same kinde of unction might unloade her selfe of some portion of the venemous and pestilent humour by opening the pores and passages and letting it breake forth into spots and pustles and into all kind of eruptions Therefore I have anointed many in whom nature seemed to make passage for the venemous matter very slowly first loosing their belly with a Clister and then giving them Treacle water to drinke which might defend the vitall faculty of the heart but yet not distend the stomack as though they had had the French pockes and I obtained my expected purpose in stead of the Treacle water you may use the decoction of Guajacum which doth heat dry provoke sweat and repell putrefaction adding thereto also vinegar that by the subtlety thereof it may pierce the better and withstand the putrefaction This is the description of the unguent Take of Hogs-greace one pound boyle it a little with the leaves of Sage Time Rosemary of each halfe an handfull straine it and in the straining extinguish five ounces of Quick-silver which hath bin first boyled in vinegar with the forementioned herbs of Sal Nitrum three drammes the yelks of three egges boyled untill they be hard of Treacle and Mithridate of each halfe an ounce of Venice Turpentine oyle of Scorpions and Bayes of each three ounces incorporate them altogether in a morter and make thereof an unguent wherewith annoint the patients arme-holes and groines avoyding the parts that belong to the head breast and back-bone then let him bee laid in his bed and covered warme and let him sweat there for the space of two houres and then let his body bee wiped and cleansed and if it may be let him be laid in another bed and there let him be refreshed with the broth of the decoction of a Capon rear egges and with such like meats of good juice that are easie to be concocted and digested let him be anointed the second and third day
pound of Linseeds and Faenugreek of each one ounce of Fennell-seeds and Anise-seeds of each halfe an ounce of the leaves of Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handfull of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each three handfuls boyle them all together and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation use it with a spunge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarification wee may put Hens or Turkies that lay egs which therefore have their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments upon the sharpe top of the Bubo that by shutting their bils at severall times they may draw and suck the venome into their bodies farre more strongly and better than cupping-glasses because they are endued with a naturall property against poyson for they eat and concoct Toads Efts and such like virulent beasts when one hen is killed with the poyson that she hath drawne into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fift and sixt within the space of half an houre There be some that will rather cut them or else use whelps cut asunder in the midst and applyed warme unto the place that by the heate of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venome may be dissipated and exhaled But if neverthelesse there be any feare of a Gangrene at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarification not onely avoyding the greater vessels but also the nerves for feare of convulsion and after the scarification and a sufficient flux of bloud you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in sea-sea-water Aquavitae and Vinegar For such a lotion hath vertue to stay putrefaction repell the venome and prohibite the bloud from concretion but if the Gangrene cannot be avoyded so cauteries may be applied to the part especially actual because they do more effectually repel the force of the poison strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot iron the eschar must bee cut away even unto the quicke flesh that the venemous vapours and the humours may have a free passage forth for it is not to bee looked for that they will come forth of themselves With these inunctions they are wont to hasten the falling away of the Eschar Take of the mucilage of Marsh-mallowes and Linseeds of each two ounces fresh butter or Hogs-grease one ounce the yolks of three egges incorporate them together and make thereof an ointment butter Swines grease oyle of Roses with the yolks of egges performe the selfe same thing When the Eschar is fallen away we must use digestives As take of the juice of Plantaine water-Bettony and Smallage of each three ounces hony of Roses foure ounces Venice Turpentine five ounces Barly-slower three drams Aloes two drams oyle of Roses foure ounces Treacle halfe a dram make a mundificative according to Art Or Take Venice Turpentine foure ounces Syrupe of dryed Roses and Wormewood of each one ounce of the powder of Aloes Mastick Myrthe Barly-flower of each one dram of Mithridate halfe an ounce incorporate them together This unguent that followeth is very meet for putrefied and corroding ulcers Takered Orpiment one ounce of unquenched Lime burnt Alome Pomgranate pills of each sixe drams of Olibanum Galls of each two drams of Waxe and Oile as much as shall suffice make thereof an unguent This doth mundifie strongly consume putrefied flesh and dry up virulent humidities that engender Gangrenes But there is not a more excellent unguent than Aegyptiacum encreased in strength for besides many other vertues that it hath it doth consume and waste the proud flesh for there is neither oyle nor waxe that goeth into the composition thereof with which things the vertue of sharpe medicines convenient for such ulcers is delayed and as it were dulled and hindered from their perfect operation so long as the ulcer is kept open There have bin many that being diseased with this disease have had much matter venemous filth come out at their abscesses so that it seemed sufficient and they have bin thought wel recovered yet have they dyed suddenly In the mean while when these things are in doing cordial medicines are not to be omitted to strengthen the heart And purgations must be renewed at certaine seasons that nature may be every way unloaded of the burthen of the venenate humors CHAP. XXXII Of the Nature Causes and Signes of a pestilent Carbuncle APestilent Carbuncle is a small tumour or rather a maligne pustle hot and raging consisting of bloud vitiated by the corruption of the proper substance It often commeth to passe through the occasion of this untameable malignity that the Carbuncle cannot be governed or contained within the dominion of nature In the beginning it is scarce so big as a seed or grain of Millet or a Pease sticking firmly unto the part and immoveable so that the skinne cannot be pulled from the flesh but shortly after it encreaseth like unto a Bubo unto a round and sharpe head with great heat pricking paine as if it were with needles burning and intolerable especially a little before night and while the meate is in concocting more than when it is perfectly concocted In the midst thereof appeareth a bladder puffed up and filled with sanious matter If you cut this bladder you shall finde the flesh under it parched burned and blacke as if there had bin a burning cole layed there whereby it seemeth that it took the name of Carbuncle but the flesh that is about the place is like a Rainebow of divers colours as red darke green purple livid and black but yet alwaies with a shining blacknesse like unto stone pitch or like unto the true precious stone which they call a Carbuncle whereof some also say it tooke the name Some call it a Naile because it inferreth like paine as a naile driven into the flesh There are many Carbuncles which take their beginning with a crusty ulcer without a pustle like to the burning of a hot iron and these are of a blacke colour they encrease quickly according to the condition of the matter whereof they are made All pestilent Carbuncles have a Feaver joyned with them and the grieved part seemeth to be so heavie as if it were covered or pressed with lead tyed hard with a ligature there commeth mortall swounings faintings tossing turning idle-talking raging gangrenes and mortifications not onely to the part but also to the whole bodie by reason as I thinke of the oppression of the spirits of the part the suffocation of the naturall heat as we see also in many that have a pestilent Bubo For a Bubo and Carbuncle are tumours of a near affinity so that the one doth scarce come without the other consisting of one kinde of matter unlesse that which maketh the Bubo is more grosse and clammy and that which causeth the Carbuncle more sharpe burning and raging by reason of its greater subtlety so
yolke of an egge Christopher Andrew in his oecoiatria much commendeth dogges dung when as the dogge hath for three dayes before bin fed onely with bones Quinces rosted in embers or boyled in a pot the conserve of cornelian cherries preserved berberies and myrabalans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomack and stay the laske the patient must feed upon good meats and these rather reasted than boiled His drinke shall be chalibeate water of the docoction of a some pomegranate beaten or of the decoction of a quince medlars cervices mulberies bremble berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and waste the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrupe of red currance Julep of roses and the like Let the region of the stomacke and belly be anointed with oile of masticke Moschatelinum myrtles and quinces Also a crust of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and rose water may be profitably applyed or else a cataplasme of red roses sumach berberies myrtles the pulpe of quinces mastick bean flower and hony of roses made up with calibeate water Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing glysters shall bee injected These following retund the acrimony of humours and asswage paine â„ž fol. lactuc. hyosc acetos portul an m. i. flor violar nenuph. an p i. fiat decoctio ad lb i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul Ê’vi olei rosat nenuph. an â„¥ iss fiat clyster Or else â„ž ros rub hord mund sem plant an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura adde olei ros â„¥ ii vitel ovor ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis Capi crur. vitellin capit vervicin una cum pelle lb ii in qua coquantur fol. violar malv. mercur plantag an m i. hord mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major an â„¥ ss in colaturae lb ss dissolve cass recenter extract â„¥ i. ol viol â„¥ iv vitellor ovor ii sach rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž flor chamaem melil aneth an p i. rad bismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturae adde mucag. sem lin foenugr extract in aqua malv. â„¥ ii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei cham aneth an â„¥ iss vitellor ovor ii fiat clyster Such glysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate paine When shavings of the guts appeare in the stooles it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then wee must use detergent and consolidating glysters as this which followes â„ž hordei integr p ii ros rub flor chamoem plantag apii an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve mellis rosat syr de absinth an â„¥ iss vitel ovor ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinod portulac nu â„¥ ii bol armen sang dracon amyl an Ê’i sebi hircini dissoluti Ê’iii fiat clyster Also cowes milke boyled with plantaine and mixed with syrupe of roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plant polygon an m i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in colatura adde boli arm terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’ii albumina duor ovor fiat clyster Or else â„ž suc plant arnoglos centinod portulac residentia facta depuratorum quantum sufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armeni terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’i ol myrthin rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of pomegranate pills of cypresse nuts red rose leaves sumach alome and vitrioll made with smithes water and so made into glysters without any oyle It will bee good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly Astringent glysters ought not to bee used before that the noxious humours bee drawne away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient bee so weake that hee cannot take or swallow any thing by mouth nutritive glysters shall be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis cruris vitulini coct cum acetosa buglosso boragine pimpinella lactuca â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitellos ovorum num iii. sacchari rosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recentis non saliti Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration THe pestilent malignity as it is oft times drawne by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft times it is sent forth invisibly the same way againe For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humours attenuated into vapours and aire through the unperceivable breathing places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumours and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft times resolved and discussed by the onely efficacy of nature and heate without any helpe of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalent may free it self from the pestilent malignity by Transpiration some Abscesse Bubo or Carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certaine part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerfull and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when as the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must bee cured after another order than is yet described The Nurse of the sucking childe must governe her selfe so in dyet and the use of medicines as if she were infected with the pestilence her self Her dyet consisteth in the use of the six things not naturall Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in dyet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milke and so unto the infant who liveth onely by the milke And the infant it selfe must keep the same diet as neere as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoyding of superfluous humours and excrements of the body Let the Nurse bee fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the feaverish heat as cooling brothes cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholy abstaine from wine and anoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the infant sucke with water or juice of sorrell tempered with sugar of roses But the infants heart must bee fortified against the violence of the encreasing venome by giving it one scruple of treacle in the Nurses milke the broth of a pullet or some other cordiall water It is also very necessary to anoint the region of the heart the emunctories and both the wrests with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle
dissolved in rose water vinegar of roses and a little aqua vitae that so nature may bee strengthened against the malignity of the venome When the children are weaned and somewhat well growne they may take medicines by the mouth for when they are able to concoct and turne into bloud meats that are more grosse and firm than milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve graines of treacle dissolved with a little of the syrupe of succory in some cordiall water or the broth of a capon unlesse that any had rather give it with conserve of roses in forme of a bole but treacle must bee given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humours it inferre a feaver Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a capon seasoned with sorrell lettuce purslaine and cooling seeds adding thereto bole armenick and terra sigillata of each one ounce being tyed in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For bole armenicke whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this vertue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it cureth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may bee cured by physick so that those that cannot be cured with bole armenick cannot bee preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warme moist and vaporous they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of parsly seeds prunes figs and the roots of sorrell with a little of the powder of Harts horne or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply spunges dipped pressed out in the hot decoction of sage rosemary lavender bayes chamomil melilote and mallowes or else swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction to the arme-holes and to the groines In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to coole them Also let a nodule of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses bee appled to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftentimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venome being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet cordiall things applyed to the nostrils nature must bee recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may bee better able to expell the venome After that the sweat is wiped away it is very profitable to take a potion of conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts horne or of Ivorie dissolved in the waters of Buglosse and Sorrel the better to coole and defend the heart If there appeare any tumour under the arme-holes or in the groine let it bee brought to maturation with a mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or Cataplasme alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the tender age of the infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubarbe in powder one dram infuse it in the water of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrupe of Roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the cure of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Feaver as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my selfe by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortall men injoy the true and certaine preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The End of the Twentie second Booke OF THE MEANES AND MANNER TO REPAIRE OR SUPPLY THE NATURALL or accidentall defects or wants in mans body THE TWENTIE THIRD BOOKE CHAP. I. How the losse of the naturall or true eye may bee covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Bookes of tumours wounds ulcers fractures and luxations by what meanes things dissolved and dislocated might bee united things united separated and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remaines that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgian which is to supply or repaire those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by an inflammation any mans eye happen to be broken or put out the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroak or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eye yet you may cover the deformity of the eye so lost which is all you can doe in such a case by this meanes If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eye artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightnesse or gemmie decencie of the naturall eye into the place of the eye that is so lost The formes of eyes artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other meanes cannot weare this eye so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiar of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eare-wiars made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behinde above the eare unto the greater corner of the eye this rod or wiar must be covered with silke and it must also be somewhat broad at both the ends lest that the sharpenesse thereof should pierce or pricke any part that it commeth unto But that end wherewith the empty hollownesse must be covered ought to bee broader than the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eye that is lost may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a string or wiar The forme of an iron wiar wherewith the deformity of an eye that is lost may bee shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what meanes a part of the nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole nose is cut off from the face or
head like to a boule with feet round broad and wanting hurtfull nailes The Moores kill it and use to eat the flesh of it being first bruised that so it may be the more tender In the Realme of Camota of Ahob of Benga and other mountaines of Cangipa Plimatique and Catagan which are in the inner India beyond the river of Ganges some five degrees beyond the Tropicke of Cancer is found a beast which the westerne Germanes call Giraffe This beast in head eares and cloven feet is not much unlike our Doe it hath a very slender necke but it is some sixe foot long and there are few beasts that exceed him in the length of their legges his taile is round but reacheth no further than his hammes his skin is exceeding beautifull yet somewhat rough having haire thereon somewhat longer than a Cow it is spotted and variegared in some places with spors of a middle colour betweene white and chesnut so as Leopards are for which cause by some greeke Historians it is called a Cameleopardalis it is so wilde before it bee taken that with the good-will it will not so much as be seen Therefore it inhabites and lives only in desart and secret places unknown to the rest of the beasts of that region He presently flyes away at the sight of a man yet is he taken at length for that he is not very speedy in his running away once taken he is as easily and speedily tamed as any wild beast whatsoever He hath above his crowne two straight horns covered with haires and of a foots length When as he holds up his head and necke hee is as high as a Lance. He feeds upon herbes and the leaves and boughes of trees yea and he is also delighted with bread The effigies of a Giraffa Such as saile in the red sea alongst the coast of Arabia meet with an Iland called by the Arabians Cademota in that part thereof where the river Plata runnes is found a wild beast called by the barbarous inhabitants Parassoupi being of the bignesse of a Mule headed not unlike one yet rough and haired like to a Beare but not of so dark a colour but inclining to yellow with cloven feet like a Hart shee hath two long hornes on her head but not branched somewhat resembling those so much magnifyed hornes of Unicornes For the natives of the place bitten by the venemous tooth of either beast or fish are presently helped and recover by drinking the water wherein such hornes have beene infused for sixe or seven dayes space as Thevet in his Cosmography reports In one of the Ilands of the Molucca's there is found a Beast living both on land and water like as a Crocodile it is called Camphurch it is of the bignesse of an Hart it hath one horne in the forehead moveable after the fashion of the nose of a Turky-cocke it is some three foot and an halfe long and never thicker than a mans arme his neck is covered over with haire of an ash colour he hath two feet like to a gooses feet wherwith he swims both in fresh and salt waters His fore feet are like to a stags he lives upon fish Many have perswaded themselves that this beast is a kind of Unicorne and that therefore his horne should bee good against poysons The King of the Iland loves to be called by the name of this beast and so also other Kings take to themselves the names of the wilde beasts fishes or fruits that are most pretious and observable in their dominions as Thevet reports Mauritania and Aethiopia and that part of Africke that is beyond the desarts and syrtes bring forth Elephants but those of India are farre larger Now although in the largenesse of their body they exceed all foure footed beasts yet may they bee more speedily and easily tamed than other beasts For they may be taught to doe many things above the common nature of beasts Their skin is somewhat like to a Buffles with little haire upon it but that which is is ash coloured his head large his necke short his eares two handfulls broad his nose or trunke very long and hanging down almost to the ground hollow like as a trumpet the which he useth in stead of an hand his mouth is not farre from his beast not much unlike a swines from the upper part whereof two large teeth thrust forth themselves his legges are thicke and strong not consisting of one bone as many formerly have falsly believed for they kneele to admit their Rider or to bee laden and then rise up againe of themselves his feet are round like a quoit some two or three hands breadth and divided into five clefts He hath a taile like a Buffle but not very rough some three hands breadth long wherefore they would be much troubled with flyes and waspes but that nature hath recompenced the shortness of their tailes by another way for when they finde themselves molested they contract their skin so strongly that they suffocate and kill these little creatures taken in the wrinkles thereof they overtake a man running by going onely for his legges are proportionable to the rest of his body They feed upon the leaves and fruits of trees neither is any tree so strong or well rooted which they cannot throw downe and breake They grow to bee sixteene handfulls high wherefore such as ride upon an Elephant are as much troubled as if they went to sea They are of so unbridled a nature that they cannot endure any head-stall or raines therefore you must suffer them to take the course and way they please Yet doe they obey their country men without any great trouble for they seeme after some sort to understand their speech wherefore they are easily governed by their knowne voices and words They throw down a man that angers them first taking him up with their Trunke and lifting him aloft and then letting him fall they tread him under foot and leave him not before he bee dead Aristotle writes that Elephants generate not before they be twenty yeeres old they know not adultery neither touch they any female but one from which they also diligently abstain when they know she hath once conceived It cannot be knowne how long they goe with young the reason is for that their copulation is not seen for they never do it but in secret The females bring forth resting upon their hinde legges and with paine like women they licke their young and these presently see and goe and sucke with their mouths and not with their Trunkes You may see Elephants teeth of a monstrous and stupendious bignesse at Venice Rome Naples and Paris they terme it Ivory and it is used for Cabinets Harps Combes and other such like uses The figure of an Elephant We have read in Thevet that in Florida there are great Bulls called in that country tongue Beautrol they have hornes of a foot long a bunch on their backe like a
litharg auri lb i. terebinth clarae â„¥ ii styracis liquid â„¥ i s8 argenti vivi extincti so much as the present occasion shall require and the sicke shall be able to beare and make up the plaister To one pound of the plaster they doe commonly adde foure ounces of quick-silver yet for the most part they doe encrease the dose as they desire the plaster should be stronger the wormes must be washed with faire water and then with a little wine to cleanse them from their earthie filth of which they are full and so the frogs are to be washt and macerated in wine and so boiled together to the consumption of a third part then the squinanth must bee bruised the feverfew and the staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall bee strained and kept and the Letharge is to be infused for twelve houres in the oile of chamomile dill lillies saffron and the axungies above spoken of Then boile them all with a gentle fire by and by taking it from the fire and adde one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire againe that the decoction may bee consumed and then by degrees adde to the rest of the decoction the oile of spike shall bee reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwort and enula which must bee boiled untill they bee wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the frankincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole masse shall coole then at last is mingled the quick-silver extinct turpentine oile of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall bee made up upon a stone into rolls Unlesse the quick-silver be well extinguished it will runne all into one place and unlesse you tarrie untill the composition coole it will vapour away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdellii mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb s8 tereb â„¥ vi medul cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. aesypi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix olei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i s8 olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The oesypus sepum adeps medulla cera are to bee dissolved together when they coole adde the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of faenugreeke and chamomile halfe an ounce and so much juice of squils then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then adde the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a masse let them bee made up with oleum nardinum into rolls rum terebinth lb s8 resin lb i. cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verben betonic pimpinel an m i. The herbes being greene the tops are to bee cut and bruised in a stone mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor adde waxe cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosine when it shall coole adde the Mastick powdred working it with your hands by which it may bee incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb an lb s8 fiat empl the juices are to bee mingled with the waxe being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed adde the rosine and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then adde the Turpentine and make up the plaster rum croci picis com or rather picis navalis because this emplaster is used to discusse and draw forth the matter which causeth the paine of the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastioh an Ê’v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to bee dissolved to which adde the gummes dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire adde the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it up into rowles with oyle of wormes rum ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boile them together with a gentle fire stirring them continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oile â„ž lytharg triti acet fortis an lb ss ol antiq lb i. fiat emplastrum let the oile bee mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve houres then boile them untill they come to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away rum ol vet lb iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii lytharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oyle bee mingled with the lytharge for the space of twelve houres and boile them to a good consistence then adde to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palme tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and adde the vitrioll in fine powder â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. lytharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusq consolid bol arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have it of a very good consistence you may add of the oile of myrtills or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skinne of a Ramme cut in pieces and boyle it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glew or stiffe gelly in which you shall dissolve the visco quer then adde the pitch and waxe broken into small pieces and if you will you may adde the oile with them afterwards the galban and ammoniac dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then adde the litharge gypsum bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrhe thus colophon and aloe stirring them continually and that they may bee the better mingled worke the plaster with a hot pestell in a mortar rum mucag. sem lini rad alth foenug median corticis ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopanac sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat empl Fernelius hath â„¥ xx of wax the wax being cut small must be mingled with the oiles and the mucilages stirring them continually with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gummes dissolved and mingled with the terebinthina must be
added and last of all the saffron finely poudered rum ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana â„¥ iv pinguedinis gallin â„¥ ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an â„¥ vi pingued porci â„¥ x. lytharg auri argenti an â„¥ iii. cerus â„¥ iv minii â„¥ iii. tereb â„¥ iv cerae q. s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum molle The lithargiros cerusa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rose water lest the finest of it should flye away these being mingled with the oile of roses and myrtles with a gentle fire may bee boiled untill they come to the consistence of hony then adde the axungia's and boile them till the whole grow black after adde the sebum and that being dissolved take it from the fire and then adde the unguentum populeon and some waxe if there be need and so bring it to the forme of a plaster â„ž litharg puri pul â„¥ xii ol irin chamaem aneth an â„¥ viii mucag. sem lini foenug rad alth ficuum ping uvar. passar succi ireos scillae oesipi icthyocollae an Ê’xii ss tereb â„¥ iii. res pini cerae flavae an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum The litharge is to be mingled with the oyle before it be set to the fire then by a gentle fire it is to be boiled to a just consistence after the mucilage by degrees must bee put in which being consumed the juices must bee added and the icthyocolla and they being wasted too then put to the waxe and rosine then taking the whole from the fire and the oesipus and terebinthina We use plasters when wee would have the remedy sticke longer and firmer to the part and would not have the strength of the medicament to flye away or exhale too suddenly CHAP. XXVIII Of Cataplasmes and Pultisses CAtaplasmes are not much unlike to emplasters lesse properly so called for they may be spred upon linnen cloaths and stoupes like them and so applied to the grieved parts They are composed of roots leaves fruits flowers seeds herbes juices oiles fats marrowes meales rosines Of these some must bee boiled others crude The boiled are made of herbes boiled tender and so drawne through an haire searse adding oiles and axungia's thereto The crude are made of herbes beaten or their juices mixed with oile and flower or other powders appropriate to the part or disease as the Physitian shall thinke fit The quantity of medicines entring these compositions can scarce be defined for that they must be varied as we would have the composition of a softer or harder body Verily they ought to be more grosse and dense when as we desire to ripen anything but more soft and liquid when wee endeavour to discusse We use cataplasmes to asswage paine digest discusse and resolve unnaturall tumors and flatulencies They ought to be moderately hot and of subtle parts so to attract and draw forth yet their use is suspected the body being not yet purged for thus they draw downe more matter into the affected part Neither must wee use these when as the matter that is to be discussed is more grosse and earthy for thus the subtler parts will be oaely discussed and the grosse remaine impact in the part unlesse your cataplasme be made of an equall mixture of things not only discussing but also emollient as it is largely handled by Galen This shall be largely illustrated by examples As â„ž medul panis lb ss decoquantur in lacte pingui adde olei chamam â„¥ ss axung galin â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad alth â„¥ iii. fol. malv. senecionis an m i. sem lini faenug an Ê’ ii ficus ping nu vi decoquantar in aqua per setaceum transmittantur addendo olet lilior â„¥ i. far hord â„¥ ii axung porcin â„¥ i ss fi at cataplasma Or â„ž far fab orob an â„¥ ii pulv chamam melil an Ê’ iii. ol irin amygd amar an â„¥ i. succi rut â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Pultisses differ not from cataplasmes but that they usually consist of meales boiled in oile water hony or axungia Pultisses for the ripening of tumours are made of the floure of barly wheat and milke especially in the affects of the entralles or else to dry and binde of the meale of rice lentiles or Orobus with vinegar or to cleanse and they are made of hony the floure of beanes and lupines adding thereto some old oile or any other oile of hot quality and so make a discussing pultis Also anodine pultisses may bee made with milke as thus for example â„ž farin triticeae â„¥ ii mica panis purissimi â„¥ iii. decoquantur in lacte fiat pulticula â„ž farin hordei fab an â„¥ ii far orob â„¥ iii. decoquantur in hydromelete addendo mell is quart i. olei amyg amar â„¥ ii fiat pulticula Wee use pultisses for the same purpose as wee doe cataplasmes to the affects both of the internall and externall parts Wee sometimes use them for the killing of wormes and such are made of the meale of lupines boiled in vinegar with an Oxes gall or in a decoction of Worme-wood and other such like bitter things CHAP. XXIX Of Fomentations A Fotus or fomentation is an evaporation or hot lotion chiefly used to mollifie relaxe and asswage paine consisting of medicines having these faculties A fomentation commonly useth to be moist being usually made of the same things as embrocations to wit of roots seeds flowers boiled in water or wine The roots here used are commonly of mallowes marsh-mallowes and lillies The seedes are of mallowes marsh-mallowes parsly smallage line fenugreeke Flowers are of chamomile melilote figges raisons and the like all which are to bee boiled in wine water or lye to the consumption of the third part or the halfe as â„ž Rad. alth lilil an â„¥ ii sem lini foenug cumin an Ê’iii flo cham melil aneth an p. i. summit orig m. ss bulliant in aequis partibus aquae vini aut in duabus partibus aqua una vini aut in Lixivio cineris sarmentorum ad tertiae partis consumptionem fiat fotus In imitation hereof you may easily describe other fomentations as occasion and necessity shall require We use fomentations before we apply cataplasmes oyntments or plasters to the part that so we may open the breathing places or pores of the skin relaxe the parts attenuate the humour that thus the way may be the more open to the following medicines The body being first purged fomentations may be used to what parts you please They may be applyed with a female spunge for it is gentler and softer than the male with felt woollen clothes or the like dipped in the warme decoction wrung out and often renued otherwise you may fill a Swines bladder halfe full especially in paines of the sides of the decoction or else a stone bottle so to keep hot the
longer yet so that the bottle bee wrapped in cotton wooll or the like soft thing that so it may not be the hardnesse and roughnesse offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering when as from on high wee as it were showre downe some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronall suture for that the skull is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this suture more open than those of the other sutures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the braine The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physitian They are boyled in water and wine to the halfe or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Brine against the cold and humide affects of the braine Sometimes of oyle and vinegar otherwhiles of oyle onely ℞ fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an ʒii myrtil ʒi flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decot ad lb i. cum aceti ℥ ii si altè subeundum sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the braine when we would repercusse we often and with good successe use oyle of Roses with a fourth part of vinegar We use Embrocations that together with the ayre drawne into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humour may penetrate and so coole the inflamed part for the chiefe use of embrocations is in hot affects Also wee use embrocations when as for feare of an haemorrhagie or the flying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bandages wherewith the member is bound For then wee drop downe some decoction or oyle from high upon the bandages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower and middle belly like to a fomentation and not much unlike an embrocation They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or lesse penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seeme to require for if you desire to heate more wine must bee added as in swouning by the clotting of bloud by the corruption of seed by drinking some cold poyson the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feaverish heates also vinegar may bee added The matter of medicines proper to the entrailes is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them ℥ i. or ℥ i ss of these of wine or else of vinegar ℥ i. You may gather this by the following example ℞ aqu ros bugl borag an ℥ iii. succi scabios ℥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid ʒii cort citri sicciʒi coral ras ebor an ʒss sem citri card ben an ʒiiss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi ℥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Epithemes are profitably applyed in hecticke and burning feavers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applyed to the region of the lungs than of the heart for the heate of the lungs being by this meanes tempered the drawn in ayre becomes lesse hot in pestilent and drying feavers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordiall things so to temper the heate and recreate the vitall faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquor and powders warmed is now and then to be applyed to the affected entraile this kinde of remedy as also all other topick and particular medicines ought not to be used unlesse you have first premised generall things CHAP. XXXII Of potentiall Cauteries THat kinde of Pyroticke which is termed a Potentiall Cautery burnes and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of Cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humours by those parts whereto they are applyed Wherefore they are often and with good successe used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venenous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unlesse the inflammation be great for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poyson cals forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmaticke and contumacious tumours for by their heate they take away the force and endeavours of our weake heate Also they are profitably applyed to stanch bleeding to eate or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring downe the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The materials of these Cauteries are Oake ashes Pot ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Figge-tree the stalkes of Coleworts and Beanes cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Romane Vitrioll and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heate is causticke and escharoticke like to an hot iron and burning coale Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skinne together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers formes of them Take of unquencht Lime extinguished in a bowle of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each foure ounces these things must be beaten into a grosse powder then must they be boyled over the fire and after the boyling let them remaine in the Lye for foure and twenty houres space being often stirred about and then strained through a thicke and double linnen cloth lest any of the earthy drosse get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as cleare as water they call Capitellum and they put it in a brasen Bason such as Barbers use and so set it upon the fire and as soone as it boyles they keep it with continuall stirring lest the salt should adhere to the Bason the Capitellum being halfe boyled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitrioll so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the bason
or two for thus it will lose a great part of the acrimony and biting whence it will become lesse painfull in the operation CHAP. XXXIII Of Vesicatories VEsicatorie and rubrifying ointments cataplasmes or plasters are made of acride medicines which have power to draw forth to the superficies of the body such humours as lye deepe by exulcerating the skin and causing blisters Their matter is the same with septicke medicines as sinapi anacardus cantharides euphorb radices scillae bryon and the like which with hony turpentine leaven gum or rosine may be made into cataplasmes ointments or plasters therefore the composure of vesicatories or rather their consistence differs not from that of hard or soft unguents Therefore I will give you one example or description of them which is thus ℞ cantharid euphorbii sinapi an ʒss mellis anacardini ʒi modico aceti fermenti quod sit satis excipiantur fiat vesicatorium Some of the antients thinke it better to make up these medicines with water rather than with vinegar because experience teacheth that vinegar abates the strength of mustard Wee use this kinde of medicine in long diseases when as wee cannot any thing prevaile with other remedies especially in the head-ache megrime epilepsie sciatica gout the bites and punctures of venemous creatures pestilent carbuncles and other inveterate and contumacious diseases Also we use them when as wee would restore life and strength to a dead or decayed part for thus they are drawne backe together with the hear for which purpose wee must make choice of more gentle vesicatories as such which onely rubrifie so that the part may onely become red and not be burnt the part must first be strongly rubbed that the decaied and dull heat may bee rowzed and stirred up the pores of the skin more opened that the force of the medicine may enter the deeper into the body CHAP. XXXIV of Collyria A Collyrium is a medicine proper for the eyes made of powder finely levigated and ground into the forme of Alcohol as the Arabians and our Alchymists terme it yet the word in a more generall acception is used for any liquide medicine made with liquors and powders and applied or used to any part Wherefore collyria are of three kindes some are moist or liquid which are properly called collyria others dry which are of the same consistence with Trochisces others have the consistence of hony or a liniment The liquid serve for the greater and lesser corners of the eyes those of the consistence of hony are meet for the apple of the eye but the dry are to be made into powder and so blowne into the eyes also sometimes they are to be dissolved in some juice or other convenient liquor that so they may be made into moist collyria Therefore collyria have divers uses and are applied to severall parts according to the intention and counsell of the Physitian for liquid collyria put into the corners of the eyes doe more readily mitigate the heate of their inflammation by reason they enter more easily by the tenuity of their substance such things as have a more firme consistence adhere more tenaciously and worke more certainely Moist collyria are made of juices mucilages waters of herbes flowers seeds metalline bodies galles and other such like medicines which are repercussives resolvers detergents anodines and the like according to the nature of the present disease Sometimes they are made of juices and distilled waters onely otherwhiles powders or dry collyria made into powder are mixed with them together with the white of an egge Powders are prescribed to ʒii and liquors to ℥ iv or ℥ v. in medicines for the eyes but for other parts as when it is to be injected into the urenary passage they may be prescribed to the quantity of a pinte Dry Collyria are made of powders exceeding finely beaten or ground and incorporated with some juice whence it is that they differ little from Trochisces Wherefore the collyrium album Rhasis is now usually termed a Trochisce and kept with them Cathaereticke powders are not applied in the forme of a moist collyrium but in the forme of a liniment that is incorporated with fat or oile All these things shall be made more plaine by the following examples ℞ aq plant rosar an ℥ ii album ovi unum bene agitatum misce fiat collyrium ℞ aq rosar viol an ℥ iii. trochis alb Rhas cum opio ʒii fiat collyrium Or ℞ decoct foenug ℥ iii. mucag. sem lini ℥ ii sacchar cand ʒi croci ℈ i. fiat collyr ℞ thuris myrrh an ℈ ii tut prepar antimon let an ʒii cum succo chelidon fiat collyrium in umbra siccand ℞ fellis perdic aut lepor ʒss succi foenicul ʒi sacchar cand ʒii syrup ros excipiantur fiat collyrium Wee use collyria in wounds ulcers fistula's suffusions inflammations and other diseases of the eyes CHAP. XXXV Of Errhines and Sternutatories ERrhines are medicines appointed to bee put into the nose to purge the braine of its excrementitious humours by the nostrills or to deterge such excrements as are therein by reason of an ozana polypus or the like disease Errhines are either liquid or dry or else hard and of the consistence of an emplaster Liquid errhines which usually are to purge the head are made of the juices of herbes as beets coleworts marjoram pimpernell hyssope or balme or of their decoctions taken alone or mixed with wine or syrupe as oxymel scilliticum syrupe of hyssope roses or mel anthosatum sometimes powders are mixed with these liquors as of pepper euphorbium pellitory of Spaine hore-hound nigella romana castoreum myrrhe white ellebore sow-bread and other like in a small quantity to wit to ʒi little more or lesse according to the vehemency of the disease Wee will make this more plaine by examples ℞ succi betae majoran brassic an ℥ i. depurentur modice bulliant cum vini albi ℥ ii oxymelit scillit ℥ ss fiat errhinum When as you desire to attract more powerfully from the braine you may dissolve in errhines some purging medicines as agaricke diaph oenicon senna carthamus and the like hence doth arise the distinction of errhines into such as are meet to purge phlegme choler and melancholy This following example is set downe by Rondeletius ℞ rad pyreth irid an ʒi puleg. calam origon an mi. agar trochisc ʒiii flor anthos staechad an pi fiat decoctioin colatur lb i. dissolve mellis anthosati scillit an ʒiii fiat caputpurgium But it is better to this purpose to make use of purging simples as agarick turbeth coloquintida and the like than of compositions as diaphaenicon for these make the decoction more thick and lesse fit to enter the passages of the nostrils and the sieve-like bones but apt rather there to cause obstruction and intercept the freedome of
mixed together in equall proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of elme leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž mica panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor naenuph lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti opt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitreo fiat aqua ad faciei manuum lotionem Or â„ž olci de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat lintmentum pro facie Or. â„ž caponem vivum caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu vi cerus lot in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. Ê’ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheepes bones which smooths the roughnesse of the skinne beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boyling beat them and so boyle them in water when they are well boyled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swimmes upon it and therewith anoint your face when as you goe to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul fiat linimentum addendo olci ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Cerusse into very fine powder and infuse lb i. thereof in a pottle of distilled vinegar for foure or five dayes then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessell over a gentle fire untill it concrete into salt just as you doe the capitellum in making of Cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them be all incorporated in a marble mortar and kept in a glasse or silver vessell and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevailes against the rednesse of the face if after the aâ—ointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloath moistened in the formerly described water â„ž sublim Ê’ i. argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ ii margarit non perforat Ê’ i. caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aqua myrti desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde foliorum auri argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palme of your hand a little oile of mastick or of sweet almonds then presently in that oyle dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and againe in the morning when you rise When the sace is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheekes with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautifull colour for this purpose take as much as you shall thinke fit of brasill and alchunet steep them in alume water and there with touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps skinne died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand onely a pleasing rednesse in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits CHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternaturall rednesse which possesseth the nose and cheekes and oft times all the face besides one while with a tumour other whiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixtion of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacea This shewes both more and more ugly in winter than in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skinne so that the matter contained thereunder is pent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skinne into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft times not to be helped by medicine For the generall method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstaine from wine and from all things in generall that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shunne hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena front is and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leaches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate the hardnesse shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physitian shall thinke fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum argenti vivi cum saliva sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ ii farin cicer fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’ i. cum melle succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantaine water and spread them upon linnen cloaths and so apply them on the night time to the affected parts and so let them be oft times renued â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei scm cucurb succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be anointed when you goe to bed in the morning let it bee washed away with rose water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vinegar boyled with branne and rose water and applied as before powerfully takes away the rednesse of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphur is vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquarosarum linnen cloaths dipped herein shall be applied to the face on the night and it shall bee washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of bran this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lb i. butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor
Restauratives othersome are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinall things others are purging as the distilled water of greene and fresh Rubarbe othersome serve for smoothing the skinne and others for smell of which sort are those that are destilled of aromaticke things To distill Rose water it will be good to macerate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three dayes in some formerly distilled Rosewater or their pressed out juice luting the vessell close then put them into an Alembecke closely luted to his head and his receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as wee have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that wee vulgarly call Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veale Mutton Kid Capon Pullet Cocke Partridge Pheasant as much as shall seeme fit for your purpose cut it small and least it should acquire heate or empyreuma from the fire mixe therewith a handfull of French Barley and of red Rose leaves dry and fresh but first steeped in the juice of Pomegranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon as much But if you desire that this restaurative should not onely bee alimentary but also medicinall you shall adde thereto such things as shall resist the disease such as are Cordiall pouders as of El. Diamargarit frigid De Gemmis Aromaticum Rosat Conserve of Buglosse Borrage roots hearbes seeds and other things of that kind But if it be in a pestiferous season Treacle Mithridate and other Antidotes shall be added each of these shall be laid in rankes or orders one over another which is vulgarly termed stratum super stratum in a glasse Alembeck and distilled in balneo Mariae with the heate of Ashes or else of warme sand as the following figure shewes The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve for to distill with Ashes A. Shewes the Fornace with the hole to take forth the Ashes B. Shewes another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brasse and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brasse that so the conteined water or ashes may bee the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are conteined D. The Alembecke set in the water ashes or sand with the mouthes of the receivers E. The bottome of the second brasse Fornace whose top is marked with B. which containes the fire There may be made other restrauratives in shorter time with lesse labour and cost To this purpose the flesh must be beaten and cut thinne and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them into a Glasse and let the thred hang out so stop up the glasse close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Towe and lute it up with paste made of meale and the whites of egges then set it up to the necke in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottome but let it be kept upright by the formerly described meanes then make a gentle fire thereunder untill the contained flesh by long boyling shall bee dissolved into juyce and that will commonly be in some foure houres space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glasse before the water be cold least it being hot should be broken by the suddaine appulse of the cold aire Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the peeces of flesh be drawne forth so that onely the juyce may be left remaining then straine it through a bagge and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamon adding a little juyce of Citron Verjuice or Vinegar as it shall best like the patients palate After this manner you may quickely easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives aswell medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a cleane contrary manner than the oyles and waters are drawne of Aromaticke things as Sage Rosemary Time Aniseedes Fennell Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of these as that which is subtile and ayery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of purging things as Turbith Agaricke Rubarbe and the like subside in the bottome For the purgative faculty of these purgers inseparably adheres to the bodies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skinne of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua vitae or the spirit of wine TAke of good White or Clarret wine or Sacke which is not sowre nor mustie nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fill the vessell wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they tearme it rectified the more noble and effectuall it becomes Therefore some distill it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of 24. pints of Wine or Lees draw 6. or 8. pints of distilled liquor At the second time the halfe part of that is 3. or 4. pints At the third distillation the halfe part againe that is two pints so that the oftner you distill it over the lesse liquor you have but it will be a great deale the more efficacious I doe well like that the first distillation bee made in Ashes the second in Balneum Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approoved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoone or saucer and there set on fire burnes wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottome of the vessell if you drop a drop of oyle into this same water it incontinently falls to the bottome or if you drop a drop thereof into the palme of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of probation of this liquor The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the paines of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings sownings gangreenes and mortification both of its flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle There is this difference betweene the distilling of wine and Vinegar wine being of an ayery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectuall in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remaines in the bottome of the vessell is of a cold dry and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vinegar being distilled
branches and shootes at certaine times of the yeere are cut from this tree by the appointment of the King of that province the barke of which is that we terme Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unlesse at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawfull for others to cut any thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtle parts hot in the third degree and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stoppe by reason of the admixture of grosse humors it sweetens the breath and yeelds a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choysest and best Cinnamon one pound beate it grossely and put thereto of Rose water 4 pints of white wine halfe a pint being thus mixed put them into a glasse and so let them stand in infusion 24 houres often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels least the spirit should fly away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbes flowers seedes and spices as also of Rubarbe Agaricke Turbith Hermodactiles and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this chapter as thus Take Sugar Rubarbe Cinnamon or any other materiall you please cut it small or else beate it then put it into a glasse with a long necke and poure thereupon as much aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients to overtop them some fingers bredth then stop up the glasse very close that no ayre enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for 8 dayes in balneo with a very gentle heate for thus the aqua vitae will extract the facultyes of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the colour of the ingredients The eight dayes ended you shall put this same aqua vitae into another vessell filled with the like quantity of the same materialls prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and doe thus three or foure times untill the aqua vitae be deepely tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materialls from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence bee of great price as Lignum Aloâ—s Rubarbe c. You must not thinke it sufficient to infuse it once onely but you must goe over it twise or thrise untill all the efficacie be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholy insipide These things thus done as is fitting put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the colour and strength of the ingredients into an Alembecke fitted and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keepe for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottome Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of honey set it in an earthen pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thinne part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectuall essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerfull in purging than two or three drammes of the thing its selfe CHAP. XIIII How to extract oyle out of Gums condensed juices and rosines as also out of some woods ALL oyles that are drawne out of Gummes oyely woods and mettalls are extracted by that vessell which we vulgarly terme a Retort It must bee made of glasse or jugges mettall well Leaded and of such bignesse as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an halfe of water the necke thereof must be a foote and an halfe or at least a foote long The receiver is commonly a viall whereinto the necke of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall bee set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure Of gummes some are liquid some solide and of the solide some are more solide than othersome those that are solide are more troublesome to distill than the liquide for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither doe they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft times they are burnt before they bee dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solide gumme adde two or three pounds of most cleare and liquide oyle of Turpentine Besides liquide things are also hard to be distilled because when as they come to be throughly hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or runne out of the Retort and so fall into the receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shunne this inconvenience adde to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withall The figure of a furnace with his earthen pan and receiver A. Shewes the fornace B. The earthen pan or vessell to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The receiver Oyle of Rosin and Turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largenesse that three parts thereof might remaine empty and for every pound of Turpentine adde three or foure ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the necke thereof fit and closely lute a receiver Lastly kindle thereunder a soft fire at the first least the contained materialls should runne over encrease this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a suddaine At the first a cleare and acide liquor will drop out wherein a certaine sediment uses to concreat then will flow forth a most cleere oyle some-what resembling the watry and phlegmaticke liquor then must the fire be some what encreased that the third oyly cleare thinne and very golden coloured liquor may rife and distill but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raysed that so you may extract an oyle that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thicke Thus therefore you may extract foure kinds of liquors out of Turpentine and receive them being different in severall receivers yet I judge it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them againe afterwards you may separate your desired oyle now there will ten or
decoction of nervall hearbes boyled in wine and Vinegar then wrapt up in some napkin and to the feete an earthen bottle filled with the sayd decoction stopt and wrapt up with some linnen clothes also that somentations much be made upon the thigh and the whole Legge of a decoction made of Sage Rosemary Time Lavender flowers of Camomile melilot and red Roses boyled in white wine and a Lixivium made with oake ashes with a little Vinegar and halfe an handfull of salt This decoction hath vertue to attenuate incise resolve and drye the grosse viscous humor The sayd fomentations must bee used a long while to the end there may bee a greater resolution for being so done a long time together more is resolved than attracted because the humor contained in the part is liquified the skin and the flesh of the muscles is ratified Thirdly that there must be applyed upon the rumpe a great emplaster made of the red desiccative and Vnguentum Comitissae of each equall parts incorporated together to the end to appease his paine and dry up the Vlcer also to make him a little downe pillow which might beare his rumpe aloft without leaning upon it Fourthly to refresh the heate of his kidneys one should apply the unguent called Refrigerans Galeni freshly made and upon that the leaves of water Lillies Then a napkin dipt in Oxycrate wrung out and often renewed and for the corroboration and strengthning of his heart a refreshing medicine should bee applyed made with oyle of nenuphar and unguent of Roses and a little saffron dissolved in Rose Vinegar and Treakle spread upon a peece of Scarlet For the Sincope which proceded from the debilitation of the naturall strength troubling the braine Also he must use good nourishment full of juice as rere egges Damaske prunes stewed in wine and sugar also Panado made with the broth of the great pot of which I have already spoken with the white fleshy parts of Capons and Partridge wings minced small and other rostmeate easie of disgestion as Veale Goate Pigeon Partridge and the like The sauce should be Orenges Verjuice Sorrell sharpe Pomegranets and that he should likewise eate of them boyled with good hearbes as Sorrell Lettice Purslan Succory Boglosse Marygolds and other the like At night hee might use cleansed barley with juice of Nenuphar and Sorrell of each two ounces with five or six graines of Opium and of the foure cold seedes bruised of each halfe an ounce which is a remedy nourishing and medicinall which will provoke him to sleepe that his bread should be of Meslin neither too new nor too stale and for the great paine of his head his haire must be cut and rub his head with Oxirrhodinum luke warme and leave a double cloth wet therein upon it likewise should be made for him a frontall of oyle of Roses Nenuphar Poppies and a little opium and Rose Vinegar and a little Campher and to renew it sometimes Moreover one should cause him to smell to the flowers of Henbane and Nenuphar bruised with Viniger Rosewater and a little campher wrapped in a handkercher which shall be often and a long time held to his nose to the end that the smell may be communicated to the braine and these things to be continned till that the great inflammation and paine be past for feare of cooling the braine too much Besides one may cause it to raine artificially in powring downe from some high place into a kettle and that it make such a noyse that the patient may heare it by these meanes sleepe shall bee provoked on him And as for the retraction of his Legge that there was hope to redresse it when evacuation was made of the matter and other humors contained in the thigh which by their extention made by repletion have drawne backe the Leg which might be remedied in rubbing the whole joynt of the knee with Vnguentum Dialthâ—a and oyle of Lillies and a little aquâ— vitae and upon it to be laid blacke wooll with the grease thereof Likewise putting in the hamme a feather-pillow foulded in double and by little and little to make his Leg to stretch out All which my discourse was well approoved of by the Physitions and Chirurgions the consultation ended wee went to the sicke patient and I made him three apertions in his thigh from whence issued out great quantity of matter and Sanies and at the same time I drew out some scales of bones nor would I let out too much aboundance of the said matter for feare of too much decaying his strength Then two or three houres after I caused a bed to bee made neare his owne where there were cleane white sheets then a strong man lifted him into it and rejoyced much in that hee was taken out of his foule stinking bed Soone after hee demanded to sleepe which hee did almost foure houres where all the people of the house began to rejoyce cheefely Monsieur the Duke of Ascot his brother The dayes following I made injections into the bottome and cavities of the Vlcer made with Aegyptiacum dissolved sometimes in aquâ— vitae and sometimes in wine I applyed to mundifie and dry the spongie and loose flesh bolsters at the bottome of the sinuosityes hollow tents of Lead that the Sanies might have passage out and upon it a great Emplaster of Diacalcitheos dissolved in wine likewise I did rowle it with such dexterity that he had no paine which being appeaâ—ed the fever began much to diminish Then I made him drinke wine moderately allayed with water knowing that it restores and quickens the spirits and all the things which we rested on in the consultation were accomplisht according to time and order and his paines and fever ceased he began to grow better and discharged two of his Chirurgions and one of his Physitions so that we were but three with him Now I remained thereabout two monethes which was not without seeing divers sicke people as well rich as poore which came to me three or foure leagues about They gave meate and drinke to the needy all which he recommended to me and prayed me also for his sake to helpe them I protest I did not refuse any one and did to them what I possibly could whereof he was joyfull Then when I saw he began to mend I told him hee must have a consort of Violons a jester to make him merry which he did in one moneth we so wrought that he could hold himselfe up in a chaire and made himselfe to be carried and walke in his garden and at the gate of his Castle to see the people passe by The Countrey people of two or three leagues about knowing they could see him came the feast day male and female to sing and dance pell mell in joy of his amendment allbeing very glad to see him which was not done without good laughing and drinking He caus'd still a barrell of beere to be given them and they dranke all merrily to