Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	half_a	ounce_n	use_v	9,631	5	6.4731	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

mutentur_fw-la fiquidem_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la sin_n minnus_fw-la indusium_fw-la tantum_fw-la cum_fw-la linteaminibus_fw-la atque_fw-la sic_fw-la aliqui_fw-la una_fw-la nocte_fw-la sola_fw-la sani_fw-la evaserunt_fw-la mediolanensem_fw-la quendam_fw-la vidi_fw-la ipse_fw-la aleppae_fw-la correptum_fw-la peste_fw-la ●na_fw-la cum_fw-la bubone_n in_o inguinibus_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la axilla_fw-la altero_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la pulvere_fw-la bis_fw-la in_o die_v mane_n scilicet_fw-la &_o vesperi_fw-la uteretur_fw-la sequenti_fw-la die_fw-la bubonibus_fw-la ruptis_fw-la convaluisse_fw-la the_o old_a mss._n receipt_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o year_n of_o that_o plague_n in_o the_o print_n it_o be_v 1525._o not_o 1540_o give_v as_o much_o as_o will_v lie_v on_o a_o sixpence_a or_o more_o in_o half_a a_o glass_n of_o white_a wine_n and_o direct_a to_o cover_v the_o party_n well_o and_o make_v he_o sweat_v and_o they_o add_v that_o some_o have_v take_v of_o the_o say_a powder_n over_o night_n and_o find_v themselves_o in_o the_o morning_n so_o well_o that_o they_o have_v rise_v up_o clothe_v themselves_o and_o walk_v about_o the_o house_n and_o final_o be_v thorough_o cure_v probat_fw-la ann._n domini_fw-la 1625._o the_o treasure_n for_o english_a man_n together_o or_o receipt_n publish_v in_o th._n vicary_n pag._n 245._o give_v a_o dram_n of_o the_o say_a powder_n temper_v with_o two_o ounce_n of_o planten-water_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o direct_v the_o patient_n to_o sweat_v upon_o it_o as_o much_o and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o can_v and_o in_o use_v this_o for_o three_o or_o four_o day_n together_o he_o will_v die_v or_o mend_v without_o all_o doubt_n by_o god_n help_n this_o have_v be_v often_o and_o true_o prove_v the_o author_n of_o a_o thousand_o notable_a thing_n give_v only_o half_a a_o dram_n with_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n of_o planten-water_n and_o direct_v they_o to_o sweat_v as_o alexius_n do_v thus_o they_o 142._o whereas_o mr._n r._n b._n say_v only_o that_o in_o the_o irish_a plague_n the_o arcanum_n which_o cure_v such_o number_n and_o which_o he_o purchase_v by_o the_o exchange_n of_o another_o secret_n be_v only_o a_o good_a dose_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o fully-ripe_a ivy-berrye_n which_o do_v usual_o work_v plentiful_o by_o sweat_n here_o be_v neither_o a_o account_n of_o the_o type_n or_o quality_n of_o that_o plague_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o one_o and_o another_o howbeit_o they_o go_v under_o one_o name_n not_o be_v they_o cure_v by_o one_o method_n no_o relation_n of_o the_o dose_n of_o the_o powder_n whether_o half_a a_o dram_n one_o two_o or_o three_o dram_n yet_o in_o the_o plague_n such_o sudorifique_n as_o be_v otherwise_o use_v be_v give_v in_o double_a quantity_n to_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v in_o lesser_a exigency_n and_o though_o it_o b●_n say_v to_o work_v plentiful_o by_o swea●_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o direction_n that_o the_o patient_a be_v lay_v to_o sweat_v but_o for_o all_o this_o say_n it_o may_v induce_v one_o that_o know_v no_o more_o than_o this_o about_o arcanum_n to_o advise_v it_o only_o as_o such_o powder_n be_v give_v frequent_o to_o continue_v with_o other_o medicine_n plain_a transpiration_n insensible_o in_o sum_n there_o be_v not_o set_v down_o whether_o that_o our_o irish_a physician_n do_v begin_v his_o cure_n with_o this_o powder_n or_o with_o what_o method_n he_o use_v it_o and_o when_o all_o these_o circumstance_n be_v add_v without_o which_o the_o receipt_n be_v useless_a though_o i_o be_o please_v to_o have_v read_v the_o happy_a success_n of_o it_o once_o yet_o i_o dare_v not_o promise_v that_o it_o shall_v again_o any_o more_o than_o mr._n sprat_n almost_o infallible_a cure_n of_o the_o sweating-sickness_n or_o those_o other_o anti-pestilential_a medicament_n now_o exact_o record_v by_o experimental_a galenist_n whereas_o pag._n 54._o i_o speak_v of_o the_o age_n of_o geber_n as_o follow_v of_o leo_n afer_n in_o my_o judgement_n and_o that_o he_o live_v but_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o mahomet_n and_o consequent_o many_o century_n before_o raym●nd_n lul_n the_o argument_n i_o use_v be_v manifest_a to_o any_o man_n that_o know_v the_o time_n of_o the_o birth_n of_o mahomet_n which_o yet_o historian_n fix_v to_o be_v orient_a some_o a._n d._n 570._o other_o a._n d._n 610._o other_o in_o 620._o and_o that_o the_o hegyra_n begin_v a._n d._n 622._o as_o v●ssius_n but_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o i_o observe_v here_o that_o as_o in_o all_o the_o arabian_a chronology_n so_o in_o this_o particular_a about_o the_o age_n of_o geber_n there_o be_v great_a uncertainty_n blancanus_n place_v gel●r_n the_o arabian_a in_o the_o nine_o century_n after_o christ_n novo_fw-la and_o so_o he_o must_v have_v live_v about_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o raymund_n lul_n the_o inquisitive_a and_o learned_a libavius_n reckon_v upon_o geber_n as_o contemporary_a with_o mahomet_n say_v geberus_fw-la quem_fw-la volunt_fw-la circa_fw-la annum_fw-la partûs_fw-la virginei_fw-la sexcentesimum_fw-la in_o vivis_fw-la fuisse_fw-la i_o find_v that_o vigner_n place_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 723._o ricciolus_n call_v he_o a_o spaniard_n geber_n hispalensis_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o astronomer_n he_o place_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1090._o and_o give_v this_o reason_n against_o blancanus_n that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o that_o geber_n in_o his_o astronomy_n mention_n arzachel_n who_o live_v in_o the_o twelve_o century_n after_o christ_n and_o who_o by_o the_o name_n of_o arzael_n be_v place_v by_o blancanus_n two_o century_n after_o geber_n that_o be_v within_o the_o eleven_o century_n after_o christ._n there_o be_v such_o a_o confusion_n in_o the_o arabian_a name_n that_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o imagine_v there_o be_v two_o gebers_n or_o more_o the_o name_n be_v common_o assume_v by_o the_o saracen_n the_o one_o very_o ancient_a and_o a_o chemist_n of_o who_o leo_n afer_n may_v speak_v and_o another_o in_o spain_n famous_a for_o astronomy_n who_o correct_v sundry_a thing_n in_o ptolomy_n almage_a of_o who_o ricciolus_n and_o other_o speak_v who_o call_v ge●er_o a_o spaniard_n as_o for_o raymund_n lul_n who_o mr._n henshaw_n place_v in_o the_o year_n 1333._o i_o find_v libavius_n to_o say_v he_o flourish_v soon_o illustris_fw-la fuit_fw-la reimundus_n anno_fw-la salvatoris_fw-la 1324._o but_o conringius_n relate_v how_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o year_n 1315._o 380._o lullius_n 1315._o octuagenarius_fw-la circiter_fw-la dum_fw-la religionem_fw-la christian●m_fw-la bugiae_fw-la in_o africa_n doceret_fw-la martyr_n lapidibus_fw-la obrutus_fw-la est_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v manife_a that_o if_o we_o place_v geber_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n with_o arzachel_n as_o ricciolus_n in_o his_o large_a and_o more_o accurate_a chronicle_n do_v than_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o mr._n henshaw_n to_o say_v that_o geber_n for_o certain_a flourish_v some_o century_n before_o raymundus_n lullius_n and_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o he_o mistake_v the_o age_n of_o lullius_n also_o so_o that_o if_o i_o grant_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o spaniard_n as_o i_o do_v not_o grant_v that_o geber_n the_o chemist_n be_v either_o a_o spaniard_n nor_o yet_o a_o indian_a king_n as_o some_o have_v think_v i_o have_v still_o just_a reason_n to_o except_v against_o mr._n henshaw_n where_o i_o say_v there_o be_v different_a salt-petres_a perhaps_o according_a to_o the_o several_a earth_n they_o be_v make_v and_o to_o what_o i_o say_v about_o the_o salt-petre_n gather_v of_o lime_n wall_n add_v that_o since_o the_o write_n hereof_o i_o have_v be_v where_o a_o new_a cellar_n yield_v i_o a_o quantity_n of_o peter_n on_o the_o wall_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v rather_o like_v the_o salt_n of_o calx_fw-la viva_fw-la than_o of_o nitre_n yet_o do_v it_o burn_v without_o leave_v any_o fix_a salt_n at_o all_o so_o that_o if_o mr._n henshaw_n friend_n have_v mind_v that_o perhaps_o there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n deduce_v thence_o either_o in_o order_n to_o physic_n or_o the_o manufacture_n of_o gunpowder_n finis_fw-la the_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la reduce_v to_o a_o non_fw-fr plus_fw-fr or_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o some_o animadversion_n upon_o the_o plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la of_o mr._n glanvill_n wherein_o sundry_a error_n of_o some_o virtvosi_n be_v discover_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o in_o part_n re-advanced_n and_o inquiry_n make_v about_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ancient_a education_n in_o england_n above_o the_o novel_a and_o mechanical_a the_o old_a peripatetic_a notion_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aëreal_a column_n or_o cylinder_n the_o deceitfulness_n of_o telescope_n the_o world_n in_o the_o moon_n and_o a_o voyage_n thither_o the_o original_a and_o progress_n of_o chemistry_n the_o use_n of_o chemical_a m●dicaments_n the_o vsefulness_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n

other_o water_n careless_o in_o one_o or_o more_o vessel_n that_o will_v hold_v they_o these_o last_o water_n shall_v be_v take_v and_o force_v to_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n operate_n as_o before_o and_o so_o many_o time_n shall_v they_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n until_o you_o find_v the_o water_n sufficient_o impregnate_v with_o nitre_n which_o you_o shall_v easy_o know_v by_o the_o taste_n for_o the_o tongue_n will_v be_v hardly_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o for_o the_o great_a hea●_n and_o the_o water_n will_v bear_v almost_o a_o new_a lay_v egg_n without_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n ibid._n have_v collect_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o nitrous_a water_n you_o must_v put_v it_o into_o one_o or_o more_o great_a brazen_a or_o copper_n caldron_n like_o those_o of_o the_o dyer_n accommodate_v to_o a_o furnace_n which_o be_v fill_v of_o two_o three_o of_o such_o liquor_n i._n e._n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o caldron_n be_v yet_o empty_a give_v fire_n to_o it_o at_o first_o gentle_o afterward_o more_o strong_o by_o degree_n until_o the_o boil_a be_v well_o advance_v and_o so_o continue_v until_o the_o caldron_n be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n full_a of_o liquor_n or_o to_o say_v better_a until_o but_o half_a of_o what_o be_v put_v in_o do_v remain_v the_o water_n of_o one_o or_o more_o caldron_n be_v boil_a and_o reduce_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n ibid._n let_v they_o be_v gentle_o take_v out_o and_o put_v in_o a_o capacious_a tun_n or_o tun_n well_o hoop_v with_o hoop_n of_o iron_n and_o let_v they_o be_v cover_v with_o hempen_a cloth_n and_o table_n upon_o they_o very_o diligent_o and_o so_o let_v they_o be_v leave_v until_o they_o cool_v and_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v very_o well_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o earthy_a substance_n and_o naughty_a salt_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n congeli_fw-la these_o water_n be_v thus_o purify_v let_v they_o again_o be_v gentle_o that_o they_o be_v not_o trouble_v but_o the_o common_a salt_n and_o earthiness_n leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n return_v in_o to_o the_o cleanse_a caldron_n and_o they_o be_v boil_a as_o at_o first_o until_o one_o half_a be_v consume_v ib._n or_o at_o least_o until_o you_o know_v it_o be_v boil_a and_o be_v coagulate_v which_o will_v be_v know_v when_o take_v a_o little_a upon_o a_o stick_n and_o drop_v it_o on_o a_o polish_v marble_n or_o stone_n if_o it_o remain_v congeal_v or_o to_o say_v better_o thicken_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v boil_a and_o therefore_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v it_o be_v thus_o cool_v &_o clarify_v let_v there_o be_v ready_a some_o tray●_n make_v of_o plank_n long_o &_o not_o too_o large_a nor_o too_o deep_a but_o more_o large_a in_o the_o top_n then_o in_o the_o bottom_n let_v these_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o boil_a and_o clarify_a water_n a_o handful_n high_a put_v into_o they_o some_o little_a stick_n of_o wood_n without_o bark_n and_o cover_v the_o tray_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v so_o two_o or_o three_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n or_o long_o according_a to_o the_o season_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o sal-nitri_a congeal_v and_o cleave_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o the_o stick_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o clear_a crystal_n which_o take_v away_o careful_o and_o the_o water_n that_o remain_v let_v it_o be_v put_v to_o boil_v anew_o as_o at_o first_o leave_v the_o salt_n and_o the_o dregs_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o boil_a swell_n and_o make_v a_o scum_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v away_o that_o scum_n careful_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o fleshpot_n and_o to_o reserve_v that_o scum_n to_o throw_v it_o upon_o the_o earth_n take_v from_o the_o tun_n to_o reimpregnate_n it_o with_o salt-petre_a moreover_o because_o the_o water_n in_o boil_a will_v spatter_v out_o of_o the_o caldron_n to_o remedy_v this_o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o strong_a lie_n make_v 3_o fourth_n of_o fern_n ash_n or_o the_o ash_n of_o oak_n holm_n o●_n oak_n or_o with_o ash_n or_o maple_n such_o as_o be_v use_v a●_n the_o first_o elixiviation_n and_o of_o one_o four_o of_o quicklime_n and_o in_o the_o say_v strong_a lie_n for_o every_o hundred_o pint_n let_v there_o be_v dissolve_v four_o pound_n for_o roach-allu●●_a and_o of_o this_o lie_n so_o prepare_v take_v one_o or_o two_o pot●uls_n and_o throw_v it_o in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o it_o will_v present_o be_v quiet_a and_o descend_v and_o become_v of_o a_o clear_a azure_a colour_n and_o the_o dregs_n of_o the_o common_a salt_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o manner_n to_o refine_v sal-p●trae_a to_o make_v gunpowder_n cap._n 50._o all_o the_o vigour_n of_o gunpowder_n consist_v in_o sol-petrae_a its_o quantity_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o the_o salpetre_a shall_v be_v put_v in_o use_n of_o the_o first_o boil_v the_o powder_n will_v ●ot_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o so_o strong_a as_o need_n will_v require_v for_o the_o quantity_n of_o terrestrial_a matter●_n common●_n salt_n and_o unctuosity_n 3._o which_o also_o reside_v with_o the_o petre_n do_v hinder_v its_o virtue_n and_o strength_n and_o therefore_o the_o artist_n do_v always_o anew_o refine_v the_o say_a salt-petre_a and_o purge_v it_o from_o every_o extraneous_a matter_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a that_o they_o may_v obtain_v the_o most_o strenuous_a effect_n of_o powder_n that_o can_v be_v desire_v this_o refine_v be_v make_v in_o two_o manner_n either_o with_o water_n common_o call_v the_o wet_a or_o with_o fire_n common_o call_v the_o dry_a or_o the_o burn_v guazzo_n the_o wet_a or_o with_o water_n be_v make_v thus_o they_o take_v as_o much_o sal-nitre_a as_o they_o please_v to_o refine_v and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o cauldron_n over_o a_o furnace_n and_o upon_o that_o sal-nitre_a they_o put_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o fresh_a and_o clear_a water_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v it_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n 3._o and_o for_o every_o barrel_n of_o water_n which_o they_o put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n they_o put_v five_o or_o six_o pot-fulls_a of_o that_o strong_a lie_n make_v of_o ferne-ash_n oak_n and_o quicklime_n and_o alum_n and_o give_v fire_n to_o the_o cauldron_n at_o first_o soft_o and_o afterward_o increase_v it_o un_fw-we till_o the_o melt_a nitre_n boil_v and_o raise_v a_o scum_n 3._o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o great_a tun_n or_o vessel_n place_v so_o high_a that_o another_o vessel_n may_v stand_v under_o it_o to_o receive_v the_o salnitrous_a water_n which_o by_o little_a shall_v strain_v from_o above_o and_o in_o the_o say_v great_a tun_n let_v there_o be_v put_v a_o hands-breadth_n of_o clean_a and_o wash_a sand_n and_o upon_o that_o a_o great_a linen_n clothe_v double_v as_o the_o laundress_n do_v and_o on_o that_o pour_v the_o water_n from_o the_o cauldron_n which_o contain_v the_o melt_a nitre_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o boil_v and_o the_o scum_n be_v take_v from_o it_o and_o let_v it_o strain_v by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o the_o ●●p_n into_o the_o vessel_n below_o as_o they_o do_v in_o make_v their_o buck_n which_o water_n be_v all_o strain_a let_v it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o clear_a cauldron_n and_o boil_v it_o till_o by_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o congealed_a drop_n it_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v well_o boil_a not_o forget_v to_o give_v it_o some_o of_o the_o strong_a li●_n of_o alum_n ash_n and_o lime_n when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o will_v spatter_v out_o the_o water_n and_o have_v make_v proof_n it_o be_v boil_a enough_o let_v it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o put_v into_o the_o long_a tray_n to_o cool●_n as_o before_o and_o preserve_v the_o congeal_a salt-petre_a and_o return_v the_o water_n to_o boil_v again_o that_o remain_v and_o again_o to_o congeal_v and_o do_v so_o until_o the_o water_n give_v no_o more_o salt-petre_a now_o this_o salt-petre_a so_o refine_v be_v call_v salt-petre_a refine_v of_o the_o ●econd_v boiling_n as_o the_o refiner_n of_o sugar_n call_v their_o sugar_n refine_v of_o the_o second_o third_z or_o four_o boil_a and_o to_o make_v saltpetre_n of_o such_o perfection_n you_o may_v as_o some_o do_v refine_v it_o that_o be_v reboyl_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n the_o three_o time_n proceed_v always_o as_o before_o because_o that_o there_o be_v such_o difficulty_n in_o the_o depurate_n of_o saltpetre_n from_o the_o fix_a common_a salt_n alum_n &_o vitriol_n which_o adhere_v to_o it_o &_o that_o without_o this_o be_v do_v no_o man_n can_v judge_v whether_o the_o salt_n it_o leave_v upon_o calcination_n be_v from_o the_o nitre_n or_o some_o

do_v more_o than_o i_o or_o any_o other_o towards_o the_o determine_v the_o question_n concern_v salt-peter_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o or_o no_o with_o that_o which_o the_o ancient_n use_v and_o call_v nitre_n let_v we_o listen_v to_o our_o vertuoso_fw-la and_o mark_v how_o much_o the_o member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n surpass_v all_o other_o of_o the_o number_n of_o literati_fw-la if_o say_v he_o i_o can_v have_v get_v any_o egyptian_a nitre_n at_o the_o drugster_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o question_n by_o a_o demonstration_n that_o be_v by_o turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n here_o i_o must_v first_o inform_v our_o experimental_a philosopher_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v more_o sort_n of_o nitre_n beside_o that_o of_o egypt_n 1●_n as_o the_o armenian_a african_a roman_a babylonian_a and_o macedonian_a and_o as_o to_o that_o of_o egypt_n perhaps_o beside_o that_o fouleness_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o adhere_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o muddiness_n of_o the_o nile_n there_o may_v be_v so_o much_o of_o common_a salt_n in_o it_o as_o will_v render_v ●hat_n part_n of_o his_o assertion_n ●alse_a wherein_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o to_o turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n his_o own_o citation_n out_o of_o pliny_n pag._n 263_o evidence_v that_o the_o nitre_n of_o egypt_n be_v the_o wrost_n and_o most_o remote_a from_o our_o salt-petre_n and_o when_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v all_o this_o yet_o will_v his_o demonstration_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o be_v laugh_v at_o by_o every_o young_a sophister_n conver●itur_fw-la i_o shall_v shape_v the_o argument_n for_o he_o by_o which_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v egyptian_a nitre_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o such_o salt-petre_n as_o we_o be_v ergo_fw-la that_o salt-petre_n which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n and_o that_o which_o the_o ancient_n use_v be_v the_o same_o to_o parallel_v this_o argument_n be_v not_o this_o as_o good_a a_o inference_n i_o can_v turn_v sublimate_n into_o mercurius_n currens_fw-la or_o quicksilver_n so_o as_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v such_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o mercurius_n sublimatus_fw-la and_o quicksilver_n and_o ergo_fw-la whosoever_o make_v use_v of_o crude_a quicksilver_n make_v use_v of_o sublimate_n or_o be_v not_o this_o as_o good_a a_o demonstration_n i_o can_v turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o salt-water_n into_o fresh_a ergo_fw-la salt-water_n and_o fresh_a be_v the_o same_o and_o they_o that_o drink_v the_o former_a and_o they_o that_o drink_v the_o latter_a use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o drink_n or_o may_v i_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o ancient_n do_v season_v their_o wine_n and_o eat_v that_o which_o our_o workman_n call_v their_o raw_a liquor_n and_o put_v the_o question_n out_o of_o doubt_n thus_o i_o can_v turn_v egyptian_a armenian_n or_o macedonian_a nitre_n into_o salt-petre_n i_o can_v turn_v the_o raw_a liquor_n into_o salt-petre_n ergo_fw-la the_o raw_a liquor_n and_o the_o other_o nitre_n be_v all_o one_o and_o they_o do_v eat_v not_o drink_n this_o raw_a liquor_n i_o be_o so_o well_o please_v with_o these_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n that_o i_o can_v but_o suggest_v more_o of_o they_o viz._n i_o can_v turn_v gunpowder_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n ergo_fw-la gunpowder_n be_v no_o new_a invention_n &_o the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n &_o our_o gunpowder_n be_v the_o same_o or_o i_o can_v turn_v native_a cinnabar_fw-la even_o far_o the_o great_a part_n 13_o ounce_n of_o sixteen_o into_o run_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n ergo_fw-la the_o cinnabar_fw-la and_o mercury_n be_v all_o one_o and_o whosoever_o use_v or_o dig_v up_o the_o one_o do_v in_o specie_fw-la use_n and_o dig_v up_o the_o other_o but_o what_o if_o mr._n henshaw_n have_v light_v upon_o such_o impure_a egyptian_a nitre_n as_o upon_o refine_n have_v yield_v more_o of_o common_a salt_n th●n_v of_o salt-petre_n which_o i_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v possible_a enough_o have_v he_o then_o demonstrate_v the_o point_n or_o will_v it_o not_o have_v be_v make_v evident_a that_o the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o our_o common_a salt_n have_v be_v all_o one_o and_o that_o when_o they_o use_v the_o one_o they_o use_v indeed_o nay_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o other_o but_o mr._n henshaw_n though_o he_o can_v not_o get_v any_o egyptian_a nitre_n be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o understand_v the_o way_n of_o refine_n their_o nitre_n as_o we_o do_v and_o that_o hence_o arise_v the_o different_a description_n of_o their_o nitre_n and_o our_o salt-petre_n implet_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o yet_o those_o accessionall_a corpuscle_n of_o so_o many_o different_a nature_n participate_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o earth_n common_a salt_n allom_n and_o salt_n armeniack_a and_o god_n know_v what_o else_o make_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o one_o and_o other_o such_o as_o in_o the_o common_a name_n of_o thing_n even_o by_o philosopher_n may_v well_o serve_v to_o rank_v they_o as_o different_a they_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n nor_o the_o same_o taste_n nor_o burn_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n nor_o appear_v in_o the_o same_o figure_n they_o will_v not_o serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_n be_v chemical_o analise_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v the_o same_o constituent_a principle_n in_o fine_a and_o upon_o which_o the_o controversy_n most_o depend_v it_o will_v never_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v both_o make_v the_o same_o way_n so_o that_o mr._n henshaw_n by_o his_o demonstration_n have_v no_o way_n end_v the_o controversy_n to_o show_v his_o ignorance_n a_o little_a more_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o know_v that_o the_o ancient_n have_v not_o only_o dark_a colour_a and_o stony_a nitre_n which_o he_o inform_v we_o of_o out_o of_o pliny_n but_o white_a and_o of_o those_o other_o colour_n i_o mention_v out_o of_o hoffman_n and_o he_o out_o of_o galen_n and_o that_o the_o armenian_a and_o african_a nitre_n will_v have_v make_v more_o for_o his_o purpose_n such_o as_o avicenna_n and_o the_o moor_n do_v use_v and_o that_o the_o moor_n do_v either_o refine_v their_o nitre_n or_o nature_n in_o barbary_n be_v kind_a to_o they_o in_o produce_v better_a than_o yet_o we_o receive_v thence_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o account_n of_o nitre_n or_o baurakh_n which_o the_o prince_n give_v nitrum_fw-la probatissimum_fw-la est_fw-la armeniacum_fw-la leave_n crustosum_fw-la friabile_fw-la spongiosum_fw-la plempij_fw-la albo_fw-la aut_fw-la roseo_fw-la aut_fw-la purpureo_fw-la colore_fw-la mordax_fw-la et_fw-la africanum_n quidem_fw-la nitrum_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la nitri_fw-la generibus_fw-la comparatum_fw-la habet_fw-la se_fw-la veluti_fw-la nitrum_fw-la ad_fw-la salem_n non_fw-la estur_fw-la autem_fw-la nitrum_fw-la nisi_fw-la magnam_fw-la gravemque_fw-la ob_fw-la caus●m_fw-la nitri_fw-la spuma_fw-la est_fw-la tenuior_fw-la nitro_n ejusdemque_fw-la est_fw-la potestatis_fw-la laudatissima_fw-la est_fw-la vitrea_fw-la some_o read_v it_o molliuscula_fw-la ac_fw-la fractu_fw-la comminatùque_fw-la perfacilis_fw-la insigniter_fw-la abstergit_fw-la et_fw-la abluit_fw-la praesertim_fw-la africanum_n et_fw-la abradit_fw-la et_fw-la purgat_fw-la crassos_fw-la humores_fw-la incîdit_fw-la atque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la nitri_fw-la speciebus_fw-la modica_fw-la inest_fw-la astrictoria_fw-la vis_fw-la simul_fw-la et_fw-la abstersoria●_n levis_fw-la propter_fw-la salsuginem_fw-la quam_fw-la habent_fw-la praeter_fw-la quam_fw-la africano_n hoc_fw-la enim_fw-la nullius_fw-la adstrictionis_fw-la est_fw-la particeps_fw-la sed_fw-la purum_fw-la putam_fw-la abstergens_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la validum_fw-la sali_n autem_fw-la adstrictoria_fw-la inest_fw-la potestas_fw-la sed_fw-la abstertorica_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la levis_fw-la et_fw-la modica_fw-la out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o african_a nitre_n be_v free_a from_o the_o mixture_n of_o common_a salt_n and_o come_v very_o near_o to_o our_o salt-petre_n especial_o the_o spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la which_o perhaps_o be_v cristall_n of_o nitre_n in_o resemblance_n and_o operation_n but_o the_o armenian_a nitre_n be_v mix_v with_o common_a salt_n but_o that_o they_o do_v elixiviate_v it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n i_o do_v not_o find_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o page_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n there_o be_v beside_o common-salt_n s._n a_o certain_a greasy_a oil_n attend_v it_o which_o do_v by_o nature_n so_o wonderful_o adhere_v to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o petre_n we_o that_o the_o separation_n of_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o labour_n that_o be_v require_v to_o the_o refine_n of_o petre._n this_o be_v true_a but_o i_o can_v find_v that_o our_o salt-petre_n man_n do_v call_v that_o oil_n the_o mother_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o quite_o another_o thing_n which_o i_o shall_v explain_v hereafter_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o citation_n

it_o and_o fallopius_n say_v that_o salt-petre_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v discover_v in_o water_n by_o its_o effect_n 9_o than_o taste_n for_o if_o it_o ever_o show_v itself_o to_o the_o taste_n it_o be_v by_o a_o certain_a saline_n purge_v and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o gentle_o corrode_a acrimony_n which_o affect_v the_o tongue_n and_o with_o a_o quickness_n diffuse_v the_o fresh_a sense_n of_o it_o as_o salt-petre_n itself_o do_v if_o nitre_n ever_o make_v water_n bitter_a it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o heterogeneous_a mixture_n 265._o he_o observe_v that_o lime_n do_v strong_o attract_v the_o corpuscle_n ou●_n of_o the_o air_n which_o either_o be_v salt-petre_n or_o make_v it_o i_o wonder_v how_o this_o passage_n come_v to_o be_v approve_v of_o since_o that_o when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o like_a principle_n in_o a_o account_n of_o some_o natural_a phaenomena_n relate_v to_o jamaica_n the_o publisher_n of_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n fix_v a_o marginal_a reflection_n upon_o i_o as_o not_o solve_v the_o thing_n mechanical_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o salt-peter_n be_v the_o life_n of_o vegetable_n and_o that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o produce_v they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o salt_n yet_o pag._n 266._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o clay_n or_o sandy_a earth_n little_a of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v &_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o clay-ground_n that_o be_v of_o a_o very_a stiff_a clay_n as_o in_o northamton-shire_n yield_v as_o good_a corn_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o as_o good_a pasture_n ground_n and_o feed_v as_o large_a sheep_n and_o as_o large_a a_o breed_n of_o horses_n as_o this_o nation_n boast_v of_o and_o i_o have_v see_v in_o place_n in_o jamaica_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o earth_n or_o mould_n but_o immediate_a rock_n under_o the_o sand_n i_o have_v see_v prickle_a pear_n mangrave_v &_o other_o tree_n grow_v and_o melon_n also_o so_o all_o ground_n that_o be_v gravelly_a or_o full_a of_o spring_n yield_v no_o sa●t-petre_n yet_o do_v they_o abound_v in_o plant_n and_o even_o in_o pure_a water_n mint_n will_v grow_v very_a rank_n in_o which_o the_o proportion_n of_o salt-petre_n be_v very_o small_a as_o he_o confess_v 266._o husbandman_n may_v make_v double_a or_o treble_v the_o profit_n they_o usual_o do_v of_o their_o muck_n if_o they_o will_v lay_v it_o up_o under_o a_o hovell_n or_o some_o cover_a place_n until_o they_o carry_v it_o out_o upon_o their_o land_n i_o will_v not_o have_v any_o man_n think_v that_o this_o improvement_n of_o a_o muck_n heap_n be_v the_o particular_a observation_n of_o a_o member_n of_o the_o society_n for_o which_o all_o farmer_n be_v redevable_a to_o he_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n know_v long_o ago_o and_o publish_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o french_a and_o english_a husbandry_n not_o to_o mention_v other_o take_v the_o word_n of_o sir_n hugh_n plat_v who_o live_v in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o his_o jewel_n house_n of_o art_n and_o nature_n pag._n 94._o all_o those_o simple_a sort_n that_o leave_v their_o muck-heap_n abroad_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o weather_n show_v themselves_o to_o be_v but_o mean_a husbandman_n and_o that_o they_o never_o taste_v of_o any_o true_a natural_a philosophy_n for_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v upon_o those_o dunghill_n flow_v down_o into_o the_o valley_n do_v also_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o dung_n which_o dissolve_v itself_o with_o the_o moisture_n whereby_o the_o soil_n be_v afterward_o lay_v abroad_o upon_o the_o land_n do_v little_a or_o no_o good_a upon_o it_o but_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o give_v credit_n to_o my_o speech_n yet_o mark_v how_o the_o labour_a hind_n when_o he_o carry_v his_o dung_n to_o the_o field_n how_o in_o discharge_v of_o his_o load_n he_o leave_v it_o in_o certain_a heap_n together_o and_o a_o while_n after_o he_o come_v to_o spread_v it_o all_o over_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v the_o same_o in_o equal_a level_n and_o afterward_o when_o the_o field_n happen_v to_o be_v sow_v with_o corn_n thou_o sha●t_v always_o find_v the_o corn_n to_o be_v more_o green_a and_o rank_a in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o same_o heap_n be_v first_o lay_v after_o they_o have_v lie_v there_o some_o reasonable_a time_n then_o in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o all_o the_o ground_n beside_o and_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v upon_o they_o have_v carry_v even_o the_o salt_n through_o they_o and_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v under_o they_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o experience_a work_n man_n nitrous_a that_o no_o place_n yield_v petre_n so_o plentiful_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o church_n this_o be_v tell_v mr._n henshaw_n but_o as_o experience_a a_o man_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v false_a &_o particular_o at_o coventry_n late_o pigeon-house_n yield_v much_o more_o and_o even_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v for_o if_o a_o pigeon-house_n be_v build_v on_o spring_n or_o gravel_n either_o there_o will_v be_v none_o at_o all_o or_o little_a petre_n the_o like_a distinction_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o situation_n of_o church_n salt-petre_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o fermentation_n stiff_a clay_n hinder_v that_o and_o gravel_n be_v either_o of_o nature_n that_o imbibe_v and_o destroy_v salt_n or_o elf_n it_o be_v too_o open_a and_o so_o give_v a_o vent_n for_o those_o particle_n to_o exhale_v that_o shall_v ferment_n and_o by_o fermentation_n transmute_v or_o combine_v themselves_o into_o petre_n as_o also_o derive_v some_o principle_n out_o of_o the_o air_n which_o contribute_v thereunto_o 266_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v never_o so_o good_a if_o it_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o brick_n floor_n or_o that_o be_v board_v it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o rich_a in_o petre_n as_o if_o it_o have_v free_a communication_n with_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v that_o the_o stream_n arise_v from_o beneath_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o it_o because_o that_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-petre_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n and_o from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n multiply_v itself_o by_o fermentation_n downward_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o low_a you_o descend_v the_o ●ess_n you_o find_v mr._n henshaw_n confess_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v good_a it_o seldom_o exceed_v ten_o foot_n in_o depth_n common_o but_o six_o or_o eight_o foot_n in_o warwick_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o gravel_n it_o descend_v not_o above_o one_o foot_n as_o they_o assure_v i_o though_o it_o be_v rich_a in_o mineral_n at_o the_o surface_n beside_o in_o warwickeshire_n there_o be_v pigeon-house_n that_o be_v floore_v with_o stone_n and_o with_o pebble_n which_o yield_v as_o much_o petre_n in_o proportion_n as_o any_o other_o he_o may_v have_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o southward_o you_o work_v for_o petre_n and_o upon_o the_o sun_n as_o they_o phrase_n it_o the_o rich_a the_o ground_n be_v in_o petre._n and_o how_o old_a mud-wall_n gather_v so_o much_o petre_n that_o it_o have_v countervaild_v the_o cost_n to_o pull_v some_o of_o they_o down_o and_o after_o rebuild_v th●m_n the_o elixiviate_v ash_n lay_v in_o the_o sun_n impregnate_v with_o the_o oil_n and_o filth_n only_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n breed_v petre_n in_o the_o top_n if_o no_o rain_n fall_v if_o the_o earth_n taste_v bitter_a he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v good_a store_n of_o mineral_n this_o be_v not_o true_a for_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o any_o bitter_a taste_n but_o saltish_a and_o pungent_a with_o a_o quickness_n such_o as_o be_v in_o salt-petre_n especial_o if_o you_o imagine_v in_o it_o a_o mixture_n of_o common_a salt_n more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o earth_n be_v he_o that_o shall_v cast_v water_n upon_o a_o ground_n fit_a to_o dig_v for_o petre_n 267._o will_v only_o sink_v the_o mineral_n deep_o into_o the_o earth_n but_o he_o that_o throw_v soap-sudd_n on_o it_o will_v qui●e_o destroy_v the_o petre_n as_o the_o workman_n have_v a_o tradition_n and_o it_o very_o well_o deserve_v a_o further_a enquiry_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o mr._n henshaw_n to_o mind_n what_o he_o say_v i_o think_v if_o any_o man_n cast_v on_o much_o water_n into_o a_o rich_a earth_n the_o water_n will_v not_o wash_v it_o only_o deep_a water_n descend_v not_o very_o deep_a but_o dissolve_v the_o petre_n and_o soak_v quite_o away_o with_o it_o for_o that_o time_n as_o for_o the_o cast_a soap-sud_n on_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o destroy_v the_o petre_n either_o for_o ever_o or_o for_o that_o time_n any_o more_o than_o much_o water_n spill_v will_v do_v it_o be_v but_o a_o foolish●surmise_n for_o shall_v one_o cast_v

herein_o to_o supply_v his_o omission_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o have_v something_o of_o curiosity_n in_o it_o 107._o bertholdus_n niger_n schwarth_n or_o black_a by_o surname_n anno_fw-la 1380_o 〈◊〉_d franciscan_a friar_n and_o a_o alchemist_n find_v out_o the_o make_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o ordnance_n which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n he_o only_o perfect_v this_o mischief_n for_o the_o use_n of_o gun_n although_o rude_a be_v before_o for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o carolus_n magnus_n gamoscus_fw-la king_n of_o friesland_n kill_v the_o count_n of_o holland_n and_o two_o of_o his_o son_n with_o a_o piece_n and_o roger_n bacon_n who_o die_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1284._o make_v mention_n of_o gunpowder_n nauclerus_fw-la affirm_v powder_n and_o ordnance_n to_o have_v be_v invent_v in_o the_o day_n of_o otho_n the_o four_o innocentius_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o redemption_n of_o mankind_n 1213._o froissard_n anno_fw-la 1340_o and_o 1353._o make_v mention_n of_o gun_n petrarcha_n who_o die_v anno_fw-la 1374._o do_v the_o like_a 2._o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o castille_n when_o he_o besiege_v algezira_n a_o famous_a town_n of_o the_o moor_n 3_o aug._n anno_fw-la 1342._o that_o they_o in_o the_o town_n shoot_v out_o of_o it_o bullet_n of_o iron_n out_o of_o ordnance_n according_a to_o mariana_n yea_o petrus_n matterus_fw-la affirm_v that_o brass_n ordnance_n have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o chinoy_n many_o age_n ago_o so_o that_o the_o friar_n be_v not_o the_o inventor_n but_o perfect_a of_o gun_n and_o powder_n i_o have_v not_o opportunity_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o citation_n of_o dr._n read_v but_o if_o i_o have_v be_v to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o of_o gunpowder_n i_o shall_v have_v think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o this_o inquiry_n as_o much_o as_o to_o that_o which_o mr._n henshaw_n begin_v with_o concern_v the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n here_o i_o must_v make_v a_o protestation_n about_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n 268._o that_o i_o will_v not_o be_v understand_v to_o oppose_v mr._n henshaw_n in_o any_o way_n discourse_n but_o such_o as_o be_v common_o follow_v in_o england_n there_o be_v another_o manner_n of_o order_v it_o in_o agricola_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metallicâ_fw-la lib._n 12._o page_n 454._o which_o if_o it_o produce_v and_o phaenomena_n different_a from_o my_o observation_n i_o do_v transfer_v all_o the_o discrepancy_n upon_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o process_n and_o profess_v my_o own_o integrity_n and_o candour_n in_o what_o i_o suggest_v it_o ought_v to_o suffice_v that_o the_o man_n mr._n henshaw_n converse_v with_o all_o and_o those_o that_o make_v it_o at_o warwick_n do_v take_v the_o same_o course_n if_o you_o be_v curious_a to_o know_v how_o rich_a your_o liquor_n be_v before_o boil_a 269_o you_o may_v take_v a_o glass-viall_n contain_v a_o quart_n fill_v it_o with_o the_o common_a water_n you_o use_v then_o weigh_v it_o exact_o next_o fill_v the_o same_o glass_n with_o your_o liquor_n and_o find_v the_o difference_n of_o weight_n which_o compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o all_o your_o liquor_n will_v give_v you_o a_o very_a near_o guess_n how_o much_o salt-petre_n you_o be_v like_a to_o make_v by_o that_o boil_a this_o be_v a_o very_a vain_a experiment_n and_o at_o best_a can_v hold_v true_a only_o in_o the_o rich_a mould_n that_o be_v find_v in_o pigeon-house_n in_o which_o there_o be_v little_a of_o the_o cubique_a or_o common-salt_n it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o their_o raw_a liquor_n contain_v nothing_o but_o petre._n they_o have_v oftentimes_o as_o much_o of_o common_a salt_n as_o petre_n sometime_o more_o as_o in_o the_o raw_a liquor_n draw_v from_o the_o floor_n of_o some_o house_n but_o beside_o the_o common_a salt_n there_o be_v the_o mixture_n of_o other_o filth_n end_n and_o the_o greasy_a oil_n which_o will_v render_v the_o weight_n uncertain_a except_o we_o think_v that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o ash_n supply_v all_o that_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o percolation_n it_o have_v certain_o become_v our_o vertuoso_fw-la to_o inquire_v what_o become_v of_o that_o greasy_a oil_n and_o what_o happen_v to_o the_o alcalisate_n salt_n in_o the_o ash_n since_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o salt-petre_n in_o the_o operation_n at_o least_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o as_o it_o be_v total_o draw_v out_o in_o the_o percolation_n so_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v into_o cubique_a salt_n except_o the_o raw_a liquor_n be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n as_o i_o have_v say_v 270._o when_o you_o have_v boil_v it_o up_o to_o that_o height_n that_o a_o little_a of_o it_o flirt_v off_o the_o finger_n upon_o a_o live_a charcoal_n will_v flash_v like_o gunpowder_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v after_o two_o day_n and_o a_o night_n boil_v it_o be_v strange_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v write_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o this_o first_o let_v the_o liquor_n be_v never_o so_o rich_a of_o the_o mineral_n which_o seldom_o happen_v and_o void_a of_o common_a salt_n yet_o will_v not_o that_o no_o no●_n the_o most_o refine_a petre_n flash_n like_o to_o gunpowder_n second_o where_o the_o cubique_a or_o common_a salt_n abound_v in_o it_o be_v it_o more_o or_o be_v it_o less_o it_o burn_v more_o slow_o and_o will_v certain_o sputter_n in_o the_o burn_a in_o fine_a this_o only_a sparkle_n be_v flirt_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o other_o trial_n by_o see_v that_o it_o be_v boil_v high_a enough_o if_o it_o hang_v like_o oil_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o brazen_a skummer_n be_v false_a for_o if_o it_o be_v boil_v so_o high_a it_o be_v too_o fat_a to_o be_v recover_v by_o pass_v the_o ash_n and_o must_v be_v use_v as_o mother_n at_o what_o time_n upon_o trial_n a_o hundred_o weight_n the_o of_o liquor_n contain_v about_o thirty_o five_o pound_n weight_n of_o petre._n this_o be_v often_o time_n false_a if_o ever_o true_a for_o if_o the_o liquor_n have_v more_o or_o less_o of_o common_a salt_n the_o product_n of_o salt-petre_n vary_v according_o and_o i_o say_v it_o be_v seldom_o if_o ever_o true_a because_o that_o in_o warwick_n they_o seldom_o have_v two_o hundred_o weight_n of_o petre_n out_o of_o nine_o tun_n of_o raw_a liquor_n yet_o do_v they_o never_o boil_v it_o near_o to_o that_o proportion_n in_o the_o copper_n which_o will_v agree_v with_o his_o computation_n fill_v up_o your_o tub_n with_o any_o sort_n of_o wood_n ash_n he_o forget_v here_o the_o put_n in_o of_o the_o mother_n of_o salt-petre_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o and_o in_o his_o prescription_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood_n ash_n there_o be_v a_o omission_n of_o a_o considerable_a circumstance_n for_o those_o ash_n be_v best_a which_o abound_v most_o in_o salt_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n i_o remember_v in_o jamaica_n to_o have_v taste_v the_o ash_n of_o several_a wood_n and_o find_v scarce_o any_o salt_n in_o they_o sancti_fw-la and_o the_o ash_n of_o oak_n only_o the_o petre-man_n term_v a_o dead_a ash_n and_o chemist_n general_o observe_v that_o lignumvitae_a yield_v little_a of_o the_o fix_v salt_n if_o the_o place_n where_o the_o salt-petre-man_n do_v work_v do_v not_o yield_v they_o ash_n of_o wood_n that_o may_v serve_v their_o turn_n they_o use_v then_o either_o the_o ash_n of_o broome_n burn_v as_o it_o be_v green_a or_o which_o be_v no_o wood_n the_o ash_n of_o green_a fern_n or_o bean-straw_n or_o peas-straw_n which_o need_v not_o be_v burn_v green_a the_o old_a the_o better_o they_o be_v better_a than_o wood-ash_n concern_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o burn_v the_o broom_n lie_v and_o fern_n green_a i_o can_v suggest_v some_o remarkable_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o different_a quantity_n of_o salt_n and_o consequent_o of_o virtue_n in_o plant_n before_o their_o come_n to_o maturity_n or_o full_a growth_n but_o i_o shall_v satisfy_v myself_o now_o with_o show_v the_o mistake_n and_o omission_n of_o mr._n henshaw_n whereof_o this_o be_v one_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v speak_v live_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o much_o use_n of_o the_o ash_n of_o green_a ferne_n in_o wash_v give_v people_n occasion_n to_o observe_v the_o difference_n of_o ferne_n at_o several_a growth_n and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o ash_n and_o other_o but_o he_o give_v i_o no_o occasion_n note_v that_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o your_o boil_a 271._o there_o will_v arise_v great_a store_n of_o scum_n and_o froth_n which_o must_v careful_o be_v take_v off_o he_o may_v have_v tell_v we_o what_o use_v this_o be_v good_a for_o if_o this_o scum_n and_o the_o ash_n through_o which_o the_o liquor_n be_v percolate_v insipid_a but_o impregnate_v with_o the_o greasy_a oil_n be_v put_v into_o any_o convenient_a ground_n they_o will_v

the_o sun_n yet_o here_o fish_n and_o other_o creature_n feed_v and_o plant_n grow_v and_o consequent_o that_o can_v be_v a_o chief_a ingredient_n in_o nutrition_n which_o may_v be_v want_v there_o be_v something_o else_o in_o mr_n he●shaw_n that_o look_v like_o a_o argument_n by_o the_o introduction_n for._n for_o all_o abound_v with_o such_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n as_o petre_n do_v i_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o form_v this_o argument_n and_o yet_o convince_v the_o world_n that_o i_o do_v not_o injure_v he_o this_o passage_n be_v so_o extreme_o ridiculous_a yet_o i_o will_v endeavour_v it_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o show_v the_o logic_n of_o ant_n '_o aristotelian_o and_o how_o much_o we_o owe_v to_o that_o providence_n which_o have_v educate_v we_o better_o than_o to_o argue_v so_o the_o proposition_n he_o aim_v at_o and_o will_v prove_v be_v that_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v but_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v universal_o diffuse_v through_o the_o element_n the_o medium_n or_o argument_n by_o which_o he_o will_v prove_v it_o be_v be_v be_v hard_a to_o be_v find_v out_o than_o the_o meaning_n of_o aristotle_n in_o his_o acromaticks_n let_v we_o consider_v it_o again_o that_o which_o i_o aim_v at_o then_o be_v that_o if_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o soot_n or_o of_o the_o urinal_n blood_n horn_n hoof_n hair_n excrement_n or_o indeed_o any_o part_n of_o animal_n for_o all_o abound_v with_o such_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n as_o petre_n do_v can_v by_o the_o same_o way_n viz_o as_o the_o redintegrate_v nitre_n be_v reduce_v to_o petre_n or_o some_o nitrous_a salt_n it_o will_v excellent_o make_v out_o a_o theory_n that_o i_o be_o much_o delight_v with_o till_o i_o be_o convince_v in_o it_o which_o be_v that_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v find_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v but_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v so_o universal_o diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o element_n and_o must_v therefore_o make_v a_o chief_a ingredient_n in_o their_o nutrition_n regard_v and_o by_o consequence_n of_o their_o generation_n a_o little_a alter_v from_o its_o first_o complexion_n here_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o part_n of_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n to_o be_v coagulate_v and_o transform_v into_o petre_n by_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n here_o be_v a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n such_o as_o be_v in_o petre_n mention_v to_o what_o purpose_n here_o be_v a_o salt_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v find_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o volatile_a or_o fix_a salt_n yet_o these_o two_o be_v different_a and_o those_o that_o abound_v with_o volatile_a salt_n be_v more_o the_o physic_n than_o the_o food_n of_o man_n well_o i_o have_v spend_v half_o a_o hour_n to_o frame_v a_o sorite_n or_o any_o tolerable_a argument_n out_o of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o can_v do_v it_o but_o i_o will_v adventure_v to_o give_v our_o philosopher_n this_o advice_n that_o they_o will_v take_v our_o english_a word_n for_o into_o their_o serious_a consideration_n and_o abolish_v the_o use_n of_o it_o as_o the_o french_a academy_n at_o paris_n do_v car._n before_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o history_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o this_o intimation_n be_v but_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o proceed_v how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o salt-petre_n abound_v with_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n in_o the_o regenerate_v nitre_n which_o glauber_n make_v to_o be_v the_o best_a there_o be_v nothing_o but_o alcali_n and_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o distillation_n of_o nitre_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o spirit_n inseparate_a from_o phlegm_n and_o its_o alcali_n and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o oil_n there_o so_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o have_v we_o take_v the_o alcali_n for_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v in_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n there_o be_v find_v indeed_o something_o that_o seem_v oily_a and_o greasy_a but_o that_o be_v excrementitious_a and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o constitutive_a part_n of_o it_o that_o it_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o it_o as_o mr._n henshaw_n know_v before_o salt-petre_n can_v be_v make_v and_o the_o great_a contrivance_n be_v how_o to_o separate_v it_o so_o glauber_n in_o prosper_n german_n part_n 3._o pag._n 43._o alius_fw-la enim_fw-la pinguedinem_fw-la nimiam_fw-la contrahit_fw-la lixivium_fw-la nec_fw-la ullum_fw-la salgenerabitur_fw-la from_o the_o mention_n of_o this_o oil_n i_o must_v take_v a_o occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n how_o superficial_o our_o virtuoso_fw-la write_v the_o history_n of_o nitre_n i_o can_v suggest_v many_o curiosity_n from_o the_o several_a liquor_n in_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o discourse_v of_o the_o mother_n of_o petre_n not_o how_o that_o grease_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o ash_n those_o ash_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n at_o warwick_n do_v in_o one_o or_o two_o day_n produce_v visible_a nitre_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ash_n so_o that_o in_o few_o day_n those_o ash_n become_v fit_a to_o be_v elixiviate_v into_o raw_a liquor_n which_o be_v before_o but_o to_o make_v a_o lixivium_n to_o purge_v the_o liquor_n that_o have_v boil_v i_o shall_v only_o touch_v at_o a_o experiment_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unwelcome_a to_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n i_o take_v of_o the_o mother_n that_o have_v stand_v long_o and_o be_v exceed_o oily_a i_o pour_v four_o spoonful_n of_o they_o into_o a_o large_a venice-glass_n half_a full_a of_o water_n this_o greasy_a liquor_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n instant_o without_o alter_v the_o taste_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o water_n at_o all_o so_o that_o the_o top_n be_v clear_a water_n the_o bottom_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o bilious_a urinal_n only_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o do_v float_v several_a very_o small_a bubble_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o water_n have_v let_v this_o stand_v a_o day_n i_o take_v a_o solution_n of_o the_o alcali_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o though_o of_o a_o greenish_a blue_a yield_v a_o lympid_a liquor_n upon_o filtration_n and_o pour_v two_o or_o three_o spoonful_n into_o the_o mixture_n of_o mother_n and_o water_n immediate_o the_o whole_a liquor_n turn_v lacteous_a or_o white_a but_o the_o colour_n present_o contract_v itself_o into_o a_o white_a en●orema_fw-la or_o suspensum_fw-la such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o healthful_a urinal_n and_o so_o float_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o next_o morning_n i_o find_v as_o it_o be_v a_o powder_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o top_n whereupon_o the_o whole_a liquor_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v turbid_v distance_n i_o let_v it_o stand_v all_o night_n and_o this_o morning_n the_o whole_a liquor_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n be_v of_o one_o colour_n and_o that_o exact_o of_o a_o limon-colour_n or_o like_o old_a hoccomar-wine_n on_o the_o top_n there_o seem_v to_o float_v thin_a coagulation_n of_o fat_a with_o some_o variety_n of_o colour_n such_o as_o one_o may_v often_o see_v on_o small_a water_n that_o stand_v in_o moorish_a ground_n the_o liquor_n be_v nothing_o ●igh_a so_o acrimonious_a and_o purigent_a as_o the_o mother_n be_v and_o all_o of_o it_o be_v as_o greasy_a as_o the_o mother_n be_v when_o separate_a hang_v on_o the_o finger_n as_o oil_n and_o not_o like_o water_n at_o all_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o lie_v a_o yellow-sediment_n as_o it_o be_v powder_n which_o upon_o agitation_n will_v not_o rise_v of_o itself_o but_o must_v be_v stir_v up_o with_o something_o and_o then_o resemble_v the_o white_a hypostasis_fw-la of_o urinal_n with_o capillary_a filament_n enterveave_v each_o other_o and_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o urinal_n do_v abound_v with_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o his_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v 8._o by_o what_o be_v it_o fix_v to_o what_o degree_n volatile_a salt_n be_v sometime_o so_o fix_v as_o only_o to_o abate_v not_o alter_v the_o volatility_n as_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o viper_n in_o zwelfer_n and_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o hartshorn_n of_o which_o i_o keep_v some_o with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o salt_n sometime_o they_o be_v so_o fix_v as_o to_o loose_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n and_o to_o become_v insipid_a and_o indissoluble_a 234._o as_o when_o volatile_a salt_n be_v mix_v with_o limewater_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o salt_n which_o zwelfer_n call_v salia_n essentialia_fw-la

a_o history_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o gunpowd_a th●y_v be_v certain_o a_o lamentable_a sort_n of_o scribbler_n that_o write_v so_o ill_o have_v so_o good_a copy_n before_o they_o that_o noble_a siennoi●_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v nicolo_n tartaglia_n in_o his_o quesi●i_fw-la et_fw-la inven●ioni_fw-la diverse_a and_o pietro_n sardi_n in_o his_o book_n l'artiglieria_n have_v write_v excellent_o well_o of_o this_o subject_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o casimirus_n semienowicz_n a_o lithuanian_a knight_n and_o former_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o ordnance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n publish_v a_o most_o elaborate_v discourse_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o great_a artillery_n he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o make_v those_o study_n his_o business_n &_o have_v signalise_v himself_o by_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o management_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o artillery_n he_o be_v employ_v &_o honour_v by_o uladislaus_n the_o four_o king_n of_o poland_n &_o sweden_n by_o he_o encourage_v to_o that_o work_n &_o to_o accomplish_v it_o the_o bett●r_n at_o his_o charge_n send_v into_o holland_n there_o to_o perfect_v his_o knowledge_n this_o eminent_a personage_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o first_o part_n have_v handle_v all_o that_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o gunpowder_n to_o the_o trial_n and_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o and_o be_v not_o the_o discourse_n too_o long_o i_o have_v insert_v it_o h●re_v but_o because_o i_o have_v already_o make_v use_n of_o several_a passage_n ou●_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v the_o discourse_n only_o of_o pietro_n sardi_n and_o nicolo_n tartaglia_n where_o they_o be_v defective_a or_o need_v amendment_n i_o shall_v supply_v all_o out_o of_o cas._n semienowicz_n who_o kircher_n call_v semienovius_fw-la in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subterraneous_a and_o out_o of_o he_o transcribe_v most_o that_o he_o have_v about_o this_o subject_n there_o the_o discourse_n of_o pietro_n sardi_n about_o salt-petre_a &_o gunpowder_n in_o his_o book_n l'_fw-mi artigleria_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 49_o 50_o 51.52_o 53_o 54._o print_v in_o venice_n in_o folio_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v the_o groundwork_n strength_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o powder_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o nitre_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o fine_a and_o effectual_a it_o seem_v good_a here_o to_o discourse_v somewhat_o concern_v it_o whence_o it_o be_v generate_v how_o make_v and_o reduce_v to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n the_o gunner_n in_o every_o occasion_n want_v powder_n powder-maker_n and_o saltpetre-man_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o if_o not_o in_o that_o perfection_n which_o the_o saltpeter-man_n do_v by_o their_o art_n yet_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v in_o time_n of_o necessity_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o from_o wall_n in_o small_a to_o wit_n from_o that_o salt_n which_o some_o wall_n of_o cellar_n and_o vault_n under_o ground_n expose_v to_o humidity_n do_v spew_v forth_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n it_o but_o not_o in_o all_o place_n but_o such_o as_o be_v proper_a as_o those_o be_v that_o be_v obscure_a and_o cavernous_a whe●e_v the_o rain_n fall_v not_o as_o in_o the_o stall_n of_o animal_n great_a and_o small_a and_o particular_o goat_n sheep_n and_o hog_n in_o gascoigne_n in_o france_n 266_o i_o go_v in_o the_o company_n of_o the_o commissary_n of_o the_o artigliery_a of_o the_o city_n of_o bordeaux_n through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o little_a hill_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o river_n garonne_n draw_v and_o dig_v in_o many_o place_n great_a quantity_n of_o this_o salt-petre-earth_n and_o in_o brussels_n i_o have_v see_v they_o draw_v sal●nitre_n from_o rubbish_n and_o d●st_n of_o old_a wall_n and_o in_o france_n th●re_o be_v commission_n give_v to_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o the_o artillery_n disperse_v through_o that_o vast_a kingdom_n to_o enter_v into_o all_o house_n private_a and_o public_a to_o find_v out_o such_o salt-peter-earth_n and_o the_o private_a person_n be_v force_v to_o be_v patient_a because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o there_o be_v three_o way_n to_o know_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v pregnant_a of_o salt-petre_n 1._o with_o the_o mouth_n put_v a_o little_a on_o the_o tongue_n if_o there_o be_v sense_n of_o a_o bite_a tas●_n 2._o with_o a_o burn_a iron-thrust_a into_o a_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o sharp_a wooden_a stick_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v there_o and_o if_o upon_o draw_v it_o out_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o yellow_a whitish_a colour_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n there_o be_v nitre_n there_o but_o if_o it_o remain_v of_o the_o natural_a colour_n it_o be_v unprofitable_a 3._o it_o be_v prove_v likewise_o ib._n take_v a_o handful_n and_o sprinkle_v it_o light_o on_o burn_a coal_n if_o there_o be_v perceive_v any_o crackle_v noise_n and_o any_o sparkle_n issue_n forth_o speedy_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o salt-petre-earth_n otherwise_o of_o none_o have_v get_v great_a quantity_n of_o this_o pregnant_a earth_n you_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v ready_a a_o good_a quantity_n of_o ash_n make_v of_o oak_n cerro_n holm_n oak_n or_o 〈…〉_z vine-branche_n or_o some_o other_o strong_a wood_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o quicklime_n which_o thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v take_v two_o part_n of_o the_o say_a lime_n and_o three_o of_o ash_n and_o let_v they_o be_v well_o mingle_v together_o let_v there_o be_v also_o prepare_v a_o great_a 〈…〉_z vessel_n place_v on_o high_a in_o such_o manner_n that_o under_o it_o may_v stand_v another_o vessel_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v strain_v from_o that_o above_o in_o the_o upper_a vessel_n shall_v be_v put_v broom_n or_o straw_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o plain_n and_o over_o the_o hole_n where_o the_o water_n be_v to_o issue_v ou●_n shall_v be_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o tile_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o woman_n do_v in_o their_o buck_n and_o the_o hole_n must_v be_v ●hut_v very_o well_o afterwards_o take_v the_o salnitrous_a earth_n moderate_o dry_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n a_o handful_n thick_a and_o upon_o that_o a_o ground_n of_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n high_a of_o that_o ash_n and_o lime_n mingle_v together_o supra_fw-la and_o then_o a_o ground_n of_o earth_n and_o again_o of_o ash_n and_o lime_n continue_v this_o course_n until_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a within_o a_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a this_o be_v thus_o manage_v let_v it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o common_a water_n sweet_a and_o clear_a in_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o salt_n ib._n and_o because_o the_o earth_n will_v quick_o suck_v up_o the_o water_n let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o so_o by_o degree_n till_o the_o earth_n will_v admit_v no_o more_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v equal_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o high_o it_o be_v thus_o fill_v let_v it_o stand_v twenty_o four_o hour_n or_o more_o after_o which_o time_n open_a the_o tap-hole_n and_o let_v the_o water_n strain_n into_o the_o vessel_n underneath_o which_o be_v all_o strain_a let_v that_o water_n be_v empty_v into_o another_o vessel_n or_o tun_n and_o reserve_v 18._o and_o then_o put_v in_o some_o fresh_a water_n into_o the_o earth_n vessel_n as_o before_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n then_o open_v the_o tap-hole_n again_o let_v it_o strain_v into_o the_o vessel_n which_o do_v put_v apart_o into_o another_o vessel_n this_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o first_o do_v this_o a_o three_o time_n and_o empty_v it_o into_o a_o three_o vessel_n this_o be_v do_v make_v proof_n of_o these_o three_o water_n by_o put_v some_o few_o drop_n on_o your_o tongue_n and_o taste_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o first_o very_a bite_n the_o second_o less_o and_o the_o three_o lest_o of_o all_o for_o the_o first_o draw_v more_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o but_o there_o may_v be_v the_o four_o operation_n for_o sometime_o the_o earth_n do_v retain_v so_o much_o nitrous_a substance_n therein_o that_o it_o may_v prove_v advantageous_a even_o to_o the_o five_o and_o six_o time_n and_o all_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v apart_o with_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o etc._n etc._n as_o many_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v by_o this_o operation_n of_o one_o vessel_n or_o ●un_v may_v be_v apprehend_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o hundred_o or_o as_o many_o as_o you_o please_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o prepare_a earth_n observe_v always_o that_o the_o first_o water_n strain_v be_v put_v in_o one_o vessel_n or_o in_o what_o will_v contain_v they_o and_o all_o the_o

sal_fw-la c._n 18._o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 261._o u●tzer_n de_fw-fr sale_n c._n 1●_n pliny_n and_o ki●cher_n mund_o subterran_a l._n 6._o sect._n 2._o c._n 1._o say_v that_o the_o egyptian_a nitre_n be_v so_o solid_a that_o it_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o vessel_n so_o the_o latter_a nitrum_fw-la juxta_fw-la cairum_fw-la ●alo●e_fw-la solis_fw-la tostum_fw-la in_o lapide●_fw-la vasis_fw-la consicien●is_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la conver●itur_fw-la to_o show_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o natural_a production_n of_o nitre_n &_o what_o art_n generate_v consider_v that_o passage_n of_o kircher_n in_o mund_o subt●rran_a l._n 6._o sect._n 2._o c._n 3._o nitrum_fw-la no●_n purg●t●m_fw-la contin●t_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la tres_fw-la substantias_fw-la alumen_fw-la salem_n crepita●tem_fw-la et_fw-la nitrum_fw-la essentiale_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la distillation●_n reperiuntur_fw-la alumen_fw-la quip_n calci●●tur_fw-la cum_fw-la servore_fw-la quodam_fw-la et_fw-la ●bullitione_n nitrum_fw-la purum_fw-la inflammatur_fw-la consumit●rque_fw-la sal_fw-la crepat_fw-la exilitque_fw-la probat_fw-la id_fw-la gustus_fw-la aluminosus_fw-la salsus_n nitrosus_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o non_fw-fr est_fw-fr mi●eralium_n mixto●um_fw-la sodina_fw-la a●t_fw-la vena_fw-la m●tallièa_fw-la cui_fw-la nescio_fw-la sanc_fw-la qua_fw-la insita_fw-la ambitione_n non_fw-la associatur_fw-la nitrum_fw-la i●ter_fw-la caetera_fw-la sali_n alumini_fw-la ammoniaco_fw-it caeterisque_fw-la salibus_fw-la veluti_fw-la cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la sibi_fw-la non_fw-la tan●u●_n adnascitur_fw-la ●ed_fw-la ta_fw-la suis_fw-la divitiis_fw-la implet_fw-la avic●n_n cano●_n m_v lib._n 2._o ●●_o 2._o pag._n 17._o edit_fw-la plempij_fw-la pag_n 261.262_o hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n in_o that_o other_o way_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o pietr●_n sardi_n casimirus_n semien●wicz_n and_o agric●la_n and_o other_o foreigner_n there_o be_v not_o that_o trouble_n in_o the_o make_n ●or_a those_o mother_n that_o occur_v in_o we_o de_fw-fr subtle_a exer_n c._n 104._o sect._n 15._o hist._n r_o s_o pag_n 262._o this_o experiment_n of_o cast_v in_o the_o grease_n will_v not_o succeed_v in_o the_o refine_n but_o in_o the_o first_o generate_a of_o the_o salt-petre_a beside_o it_o will_v boil_v over_o with_o that_o violence_n that_o they_o know_v no_o way_n to_o allay_v it_o this_o happen_v more_o if_o soap_n be_v cast_v in_o this_o mother_n of_o saltpetre_a be_v not_o so_o call_v as_o if_o the_o elixiviate_v liquor_n have_v be_v boil_v and_o pass_v the_o ash_n and_o after_o boil_a to_o a_o proof_n will_v not_o let_v fall_v the_o common_a s●lt_n and_o coagulate_a into_o petre_n at_o all_o but_o because_o by_o these_o mean_v it_o generate_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o petre_n and_o the_o work_n be_v make_v much_o more_o easy_a and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o mother_n which_o remain_v after_o the_o generate_a of_o petre_n be_v much_o more_o efficacious_a than_o what_o be_v make_v otherwise_o if_o the_o raw_a liquor_n be_v by_o negligence_n boil_v too_o high_a it_o will_v become_v extreme_a oily_a or_o greasy_a ●_z nor_o can_v it_o be_v clear_v of_o it_o by_o ash_n except_o it_o be_v put_v in_o as_o mother_n to_o other_o boiling_n and_o so_o pass_v the_o ash_n if_o the_o mother_n be_v put_v in_o too_o soon_o it_o spoil_v the_o boil_a and_o if_o it_o b●il_v i●_n after_o it_o be_v at_o the_o height_n it_o will_v over_o the_o furnace_n in_o append_v adv_fw-la laurentium_fw-la de_fw-la error_n practic_a c._n 78_o sect._n 6._o hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n pag._n 264._o ●ab●_n ●allop_n de_fw-fr ●he●mis_fw-fr c._n 9_o hist_o of_o the_o r._n s_o pag._n 265._o hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n pag._n 266._o hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n pag._n 266._o at_o coven●ty_n in_o a_o floor_n where_o they_o couch_v malt_n there_o be_v so_o much_o p●tre_n that_o it_o be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o great-plenty_n and_o the_o man_n come_v to_o desire_v the_o salt-petre-man_n to_o work_v it_o because_o he_o find_v it_o prejudicial_a to_o his_o malt_n which_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v less_o nitrous_a hist_o of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 266_o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 267._o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 267.268_o vide_fw-la casimirum_fw-la semi●●owicz_n art_n m●g●n_n ar●●ll_o l._n 2._o c._n 1._o pag._n 61_o pli●●_n 31._o c._n 1●_n lit_fw-fr h._n vi●e_v g●le●_n de_fw-fr simpl._n medic_fw-la l._n 9_o pliny_n l._n 31._o c._n 30._o ●ide_v semi●nowicz_n ubi_fw-la supr●_n pag_n 63._o see_v his_o judgement_n hereafter_o in_o his_o discourse_n casimir_n semi●n●wicz_n ar●_n magn_n a●●iller_n part_n 1._o l._n 2._o c._n 1._o pag._n 63._o vide_fw-la eras●um_fw-la de_fw-fr metal_n pag._n 111._o dr._n alexander_n read_v of_o wound_n sect._n 15_o pag._n 107._o 107._o sethus_n calvisius_n chronolog_n pag._n 752._o co._n 2._o pag._n 268._o that_o of_o agricola_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o of_o petro_n sardi_n which_o i_o have_v add_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o discourse_n hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n pag._n 269_o if_o the_o raw_a liquor_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o part_n extract_v from_o pigeon_n earth_n and_o one_o out_o of_o floor_n and_o the_o last_o contain_v much_o common_a salt_n the_o pigeon-house_n liquor_n cut_v out_o as_o they_o ca●l_v it_o or_o transmute_v even_o that_o salt_n so_o as_o that_o there_o will_v be_v little_a or_o none_o in_o the_o end_n hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 270._o zwelfer_n in_o pharmacop_n august●n_n de_fw-fr sale_n lig●i_fw-la sancti_fw-la all_o wood_n say_v our_o petre-man_n if_o burn_v green_a yield_v a_o salt_a ash_n than_o otherwise_o but_o for_o ash_n the_o ash_n be_v best●_n the_o young_a thorn●_n second_o the_o elm_n three_o sir_n and_o fern_n burn_v green_a the_o young_a the_o better_o yield_v a_o salt-ash_n if_o dry_a not_o so_o hence_o those_o ash_n be_v not_o use_v in_o buck_v of_o linen_n the_o s●lter_n th●_n ash_n the_o light_a if_o they_o lie_v dry_v a_o while_n or_o till_o they_o be_v old_a they_o be_v the_o better_a fo●_n petre_n they_o gather_v saltness_n by_o lie_v hist._n of_o the_o r._n s_o pag._n 271._o ibid._n when_o the_o liquor_n be_v suffer_v to_o cool_v in_o t●e_v copper_n and_o begin_v to_o granulate_v my_o artist_n jade_v it_o out_o into_o the_o shooting-panne_n leau●ng_v the_o turbid_v and_o feculent_a settle_v at_o the_o bottom_n which_o though_o mr._n h●nshaw_n omit_v it_o they_o put_v in_o again_o ●o_o the_o raw_a liquor_n at_o any_o time_n as_o it_o boile●_n and_o it_o be_v their_o judgement_n that_o it_o increase_v the_o petre_n though_o much_o of_o it_o be_v commo●_n salt_n the_o liquor_n yield_v a_o sensible_a quantity_n of_o petre_n thereupon_o more_o than_o otherwise_o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 272._o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 273._o hist._n of_o the_o r._n s_o pag._n 273._o hist._n of_o the_o r.s._n pag._n 374._o th●s_n di●scourse_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o nitre_n crystallize_v proceed_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o ●he_v crystall_n be_v of_o that_o shape_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n i_o n●ver_v yet_o see_v at_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_a not_o gl●ub●r_v the_o signal_n sal_fw-la nor_o i_o believe_v mr._n h●nsh●w_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o c●yst●lls_n be_v very_o irregular_a i_o find_v no●e_o f●●tu●ous_a and_o the_o rock_n of_o petre_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o sexangula_fw-la concretion_n at_o all_o i_o h●ve_v see_v elsewhere_o some_o shape_v s●xingularly_o but_o not_o fistulous_a no_o more_o do_v glauber_n i_o observe_v and_o so_o do_v the_o workman_n that_o in_o the_o coagulation_n in_o the_o pann_n there_o i●_n common_o some_o protuberant_a concr●tio●s_n which_o with_o the_o crystall_n distinct_o compose_v they_o have_v s●me_a resemblance_n of_o a_o rose_n and_o be_v so_o call_v by_o our_o artist_n why_o do_v not_o our_o mechanicy_a take_v notice_n and_o explain_v that_o the_o crystall_n be_v the_o worst_a petre_n and_o shoot_v last_o they_o burn_v as_o if_o there_o be_v resuscitated_a alum_n in_o they_o they_o make_v worse_a powder_n and_o leave_v more_o faeces_fw-la upon_o burn_v and_o our_o workman_n will_v not_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v the_o best_a sort_n of_o petre_n whether_o there_o be_v some_o interception_n of_o air_n and_o w●●e●_n incorporate_n with_o the_o nitre_n in_o shoot_v or_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o resuscitation_n of_o all●m_n which_o make_v they_o burn_v with_o that_o spumeous_a ebullition_n let_v such_o consider_v as_o magnify_v crystall_n of_o ni●re_n in_o physic_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o all_o preparation_n how_o laborious_a and_o curious_a soever_o be_v ●ot_n improvement_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o petre_n in_o water_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v not_o impregnate_v so_o high_a as_o at_o the_o worke●_n one_o may_v see_v such_o crystall_n as_o mr._n h●nshaw_n speak_v of_o if_o he_o proceed_v careful_o and_o as_o my_o workman_n say_v i_o have_v not_o have_v leisure_n to_o try_v since_o the_o intimation_n use_v ba●bary_n