to_o freeze_v liquor_n of_o more_o difficult_a conglaciation_n then_o fair_a water_n we_o take_v then_o some_o snow_n and_o mingle_v with_o it_o some_o of_o the_o new_o mention_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o so_o lucky_o a_o proportion_n that_o it_o freeze_v very_o vigorous_o and_o very_o sudden_o insomuch_o that_o once_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v set_v to_o the_o ground_n it_o freeze_v the_o vial_n to_o the_o floor_n it_o be_v set_v on_o and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o contain_v this_o mixture_n we_o wet_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n which_o be_v freeze_v into_o pretty_a thick_a ice_n but_o yet_o not_o quite_o to_o forget_v that_o circumstance_n retain_v the_o salt_n taste_v of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o though_o this_o mixture_n will_v not_o discernable_o freeze_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o it_o transmit_v cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o to_o give_v we_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v some_o saline_n liquor_n present_o turn_v into_o figure_v ice_n as_o not_o only_o the_o last_o mention_v spirit_n exhibit_v some_o little_a as_o it_o be_v saline_n iceikles_n cross_v each_o other_o and_o quick_o vanish_v but_o which_o be_v far_o pretty_a have_v often_o observe_v that_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o the_o solution_n be_v put_v very_o slow_o to_o evaporate_v in_o part_n but_o not_o too_o much_o away_o the_o remain_a liquor_n will_v in_o the_o cold_a shoot_n into_o parcel_n ofsalt_n very_o pretty_o figure_v some_o of_o they_o resemble_v comb_n with_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n and_o other_o resemble_v feather_n have_v observe_v this_o i_o say_v and_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a distil_v by_o the_o help_n of_o quick_a lime_n be_v put_v to_o congeal_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n will_v not_o afford_v a_o resemble_o figure_v ice_n we_o find_v upon_o trial_n both_o that_o the_o mixture_n be_v able_a to_o freeze_v that_o subtle_a spirit_n and_o also_o that_o it_o shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o exhibit_v by_o such_o salt_n undistil_v and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o upon_o the_o incline_v the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n rest_v a_o little_a near_o any_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n this_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o such_o branch_n as_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o so_o nimble_o that_o the_o eye_n can_v plain_o discern_v they_o as_o it_o be_v to_o grow_v and_o hasty_o overspread_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o those_o branch_n be_v wont_n quick_o to_o vanish_v i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o mention_v that_o i_o try_v the_o freeze_a with_o snow_n and_o divers_a fermented_a liquor_n undistil_v instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v not_o with_o small_a beer_n much_o less_o with_o water_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o glaciation_n though_o but_o slight_a produce_v not_o only_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o wine_n but_o even_o by_o that_o of_o moderate_o strong_a ale_n 18._o have_v observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n and_o other_o body_n that_o assist_v the_o snow_n to_o freeze_v be_v general_o such_o as_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o unworthy_a the_o trial_n to_o examine_v what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o procure_v a_o speedy_a dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n by_o substitute_v body_n actual_o warm_a instead_o of_o potential_a hot_a one_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o trial_n i_o find_v among_o my_o note_n these_o two_o register_v 1._o into_o a_o single_a vial_n almost_o fill_v with_o snow_n there_o be_v pour_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o well_o heat_a sand_n that_o it_o may_v dissolve_v the_o snow_n in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o without_o heat_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n or_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o though_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o snow_n seem_v to_o succeed_v well_o enough_o upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v only_o bedew_v not_o freeze_v 2._o into_o another_o single_a vial_n almost_o fill_v with_o snow_n we_o pour_v some_o water_n which_o we_o judge_v of_o a_o convenient_a warmth_n and_o we_o pour_v it_o in_o by_o a_o funnel_n that_o have_v but_o a_o slender_a orifice_n beneath_o that_o the_o warm_a water_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o snow_n without_o run_v to_o the_o side_n and_o take_v a_o convenient_a time_n to_o shake_v the_o glass_n we_o do_v by_o this_o way_n produce_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o much_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o be_v not_o satisfy_v that_o any_o of_o that_o dew_n be_v freeze_v though_o the_o success_n will_v have_v invite_v we_o to_o have_v make_v further_a trial_n in_o great_a glass_n if_o we_o have_v have_v any_o more_o snow_n at_o hand_n wherefore_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o be_v further_o and_o more_o artificial_o try_v 19_o it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n not_o only_o among_o the_o vulgar_a but_o i_o presume_v upon_o their_o account_n among_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o oftentimes_o various_o and_o sometime_o pretty_o enough_o figure_v hoar_a frost_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o appear_v upon_o glass_n window_n in_o morning_n precede_v by_o frosty_a night_n be_v exsudation_n as_o it_o be_v that_o penetrate_v the_o glass-window_n be_v upon_o their_o come_n forth_o to_o the_o cold_a external_a air_n freeze_v thereby_o into_o various_o figure_v ice_n how_o groundless_a this_o conceit_n be_v may_v be_v easy_o discover_v if_o man_n have_v not_o so_o lazy_a a_o curiosity_n as_o not_o to_o try_v which_o they_o may_v do_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o without_o trouble_n whether_o the_o ice_n be_v according_a to_o the_o tradition_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o window_n and_o not_o contrary_a to_o it_o on_o the_o inside_n where_o indeed_o it_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o aqueous_a corpuscle_n that_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n within_o the_o room_n be_v by_o the_o various_a motion_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o part_n of_o fluid_a body_n as_o such_o bring_v to_o pass_v along_o the_o window_n and_o there_o by_o the_o vehement_a cold_a of_o the_o neighbour_a external_a air_n communicate_v through_o the_o glass_n condense_v into_o dew_n and_o freeze_v into_o ice_n 20._o and_o because_o divers_a modern_a naturalist_n have_v teach_v i_o think_v erroneous_o that_o glass_n be_v easy_o enough_o pervious_a not_o only_o to_o air_n but_o to_o divers_a subtle_a liquor_n lest_o the_o favourer_n of_o this_o doctrine_n shall_v object_v that_o we_o have_v ill_o assign_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o ice_n appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n which_o according_a to_o they_o may_v rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtle_a but_o yet_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o excessive_o cold_a mixture_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o saline_a body_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o to_o obviate_v this_o objection_n i_o say_v and_o to_o confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o another_o treatise_n about_o the_o wander_a of_o store_n of_o aqueous_a vapour_n through_o the_o air_n we_o will_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n purposely_o make_v to_o evince_v these_o truth_n 21._o at_o one_o time_n four_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o vial_n and_o thereby_o enable_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v by_o their_o accession_n increase_v 12._o grain_n another_o time_n a_o vial_n wherein_o snow_n weigh_v two_o ounce_n six_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v suffer_v to_o condense_a the_o vapid_a air_n the_o dew_n that_o partly_o adhered_a to_o it_o and_o partly_o fall_v from_o it_o make_v the_o whole_a weigh_v four_o grain_n more_o than_o the_o vial_n do_v when_o it_o be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o scale_n in_o which_o scale_n we_o find_v some_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o dew_n which_o give_v that_o increase_n of_o weight_n and_o here_o let_v i_o add_v by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o tip_n of_o this_o seal_a vial_n be_v break_v under_o water_n suck_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o it_o whether_o because_o of_o some_o little_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o seal_n or_o because_o of_o the_o infrigidation_n of_o that_o air_n by_o the_o snow_n or_o for_o both_o these_o reason_n or_o any_o other_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v 22._o but_o other_o experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o make_v wherein_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n be_v more_o considerable_a and_o that_o the_o way_n we_o use_v may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v and_o the_o conclusion_n build_v upon_o it_o the_o more_o undiscuss_v we_o will_v add_v a_o couple_n
expansion_n wr_v considerable_a since_o the_o water_n rise_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o stem_n though_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o egg_n and_o stem_n too_o weigh_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a ãâã_d the_o vessel_n have_v not_o be_v unlucky_o crack_v we_o shall_v have_v freeze_v the_o water_n once_o more_o and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o glass_n hermetical_o and_o suffer_v the_o ice_n leisurely_o to_o thaw_v shall_v have_v invert_v it_o and_o break_v it_o under_o water_n and_o have_v proceed_v with_o it_o as_o we_o have_v do_v with_o some_o other_o glass_n in_o the_o former_o mention_v experiment_n 9_o a_fw-la little_a glass_n cylinder_n open_v only_a at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o convenient_a length_n be_v thrust_v into_o a_o deep_a and_o wide_a mouth'd-glass_n about_o half_n fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o the_o cylinder_n be_v neither_o so_o quite_o fill_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v over_o nor_o yet_o far_o short_a of_o be_v so_o that_o for_o all_o the_o opacous_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o freeze_a of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o we_o can_v not_o see_v by_o the_o change_n appear_v in_o the_o other_o then_o convey_v all_o into_o a_o receiver_n that_o we_o have_v in_o readiness_n beforehand_o we_o quick_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o there_o come_v both_o from_o the_o upper_a &_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n great_a store_n of_o bubble_n to_o the_o top_n where_o most_o of_o they_o break_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v find_v upon_o trial_n purposely_o make_v that_o the_o engine_n have_v continue_v staunch_v all_o the_o while_n and_o perceive_v by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o other_o be_v freeze_v we_o let_v in_o the_o external_a air_n and_o have_v remove_v the_o receiver_n and_o take_v out_o the_o mixture_n before_o the_o ice_n be_v half_o melt_v we_o find_v the_o water_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v to_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n which_o beside_o some_o large_a and_o conspicuous_a bubble_n have_v small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o this_o expansion_n it_o be_v that_o the_o water_n do_v in_o the_o free_a air_n continue_v a_o good_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o mark_n it_o be_v but_o level_a with_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v 10._o the_o other_o way_n we_o employ_v to_o examine_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o icy_a bubble_n and_o which_o seem_v clear_o enough_o to_o manifest_v that_o they_o be_v very_o far_o from_o be_v fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n be_v intimate_v in_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o forego_n narrative_a but_o will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o the_o annex_v experiment_n transcribe_v just_a as_o i_o find_v they_o register_v in_o my_o collection_n and_o though_o they_o be_v prolix_a and_o contain_v some_o few_o particular_n that_o make_v not_o direct_o for_o the_o purpose_n i_o allege_v they_o for_o yet_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o dismember_v or_o to_o epitomise_v they_o or_o otherwise_o to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o partly_o that_o the_o inference_n i_o make_v from_o they_o may_v be_v the_o less_o mistrust_v partly_o because_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_v be_v altogether_o new_a will_v be_v best_a apprehend_v by_o the_o subjoin_v example_n and_o partly_o too_o because_o those_o particular_n that_o relate_v not_o direct_o to_o the_o occasion_n of_o our_o mention_v these_o trial_n may_v be_v useful_a to_o illustrate_v or_o confirm_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v already_o deliver_v or_o be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o present_a history_n of_o cold._n 11._o we_o take_v this_o day_n a_o glass_n of_o 1661._o the_o form_n of_o a_o egg_n but_o of_o double_a the_o capacity_n out_o of_o who_o obtuse_a end_n rise_v up_o a_o long_a cylindrical_a neck_n capable_a to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o little_a finger_n and_o 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inch_n and_o 2_o 9_o above_o the_o mark_n &_o afterward_o the_o swell_a connuty_v so_o that_o we_o take_v it_o out_o though_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfrozen_a it_o have_v reach_v five_o inch_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o half_a above_o the_o first_o mark._n iv._o the_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v purposely_o keep_v always_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v and_o never_o the_o upper_a surface_n v._o during_o all_o this_o great_a elevation_n of_o the_o water_n there_o appear_v no_o bubble_n worth_a take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o unfrozen_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o the_o ice_n be_v very_o full_a of_o they_o divers_a of_o which_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o experiment_n be_v very_o large_a bubble_n but_o not_o all_o of_o they_o round_o some_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o hail_n shoot_v some_o small_a like_a mustard_n seed_n and_o other_o again_o not_o much_o inferior_a to_o little_a pease_n vi_o have_v take_v out_o the_o glass_n when_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a mark_n we_o do_v upon_o a_o certain_a design_n pour_v in_o as_o much_o salad_n oil_n as_o swim_v about_o two_o inch_n above_o it_o and_o then_o the_o glass_n be_v nimble_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n seal_v up_o during_o which_o time_n the_o include_v water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o put_v into_o the_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cold_a quick_o restore_v the_o water_n to_o its_o former_a height_n and_o there_o remain_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o seal_a glass_n unpossessed_a by_o the_o two_o contain_v liquor_n vii_o then_o with_o a_o good_a pair_n of_o scale_n we_o weigh_v the_o glass-egg_n first_o in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o in_o the_o water_n the_o better_a to_o discern_v whether_o any_o shrink_n of_o the_o glass_n intervene_v in_o the_o case_n where_o it_o hang_v free_o and_o be_v leave_v hang_v in_o its_o equilibrium_n with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o while_o it_o thus_o hang_v upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n many_o bubble_n great_a and_o small_a ascend_v the_o great_a one_o with_o a_o wriggle_a motion_n and_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o as_o the_o ice_n thaw_v the_o water_n and_o oil_n descend_v till_o the_o whole_a ice_n be_v return_v to_o water_n at_o which_o time_n we_o observe_v these_o two_o remarkable_a thing_n the_o one_o that_o the_o equilibrium_n remain_v the_o same_o the_o other_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a that_o the_o water_n be_v subside_v again_o as_o low_o as_o the_o first_o mark_n with_o which_o it_o be_v level_a before_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v without_o fall_v beneath_o it_o notwithstanding_o the_o recess_n of_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o bubble_n divers_a of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n which_o be_v draw_v slender_a be_v gentle_o break_v under_o water_n of_o which_o some_o be_v impel_v in_o do_v sensible_o reduce_v the_o air_n at_o the_o opposite_a end_n into_o a_o narrow_a room_n and_o as_o one_o of_o the_o spectator_n observe_v into_o a_o much_o narrow_a which_o be_v consonant_a enough_o to_o reason_n xi_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o invert_v and_o hold_v till_o it_o be_v settle_v we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n draw_v in_o together_o with_o the_o water_n it_o find_v there_o and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o mark_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n that_o they_o do_v when_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o xii_o and_o last_o have_v throw_v out_o the_o oil_n and_o employ_v where_o need_n be_v a_o little_a water_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n we_o have_v make_v use_n of_o all_o this_o while_n
one_o fill_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n the_o more_o satisfactory_a but_o though_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v it_o yet_o the_o success_n be_v not_o unwelcome_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v crack_n in_o the_o iron_n in_o one_o place_n conspicuous_a and_o in_o other_o easy_o discoverable_a by_o blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n and_o put_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o suspect_a part_n either_o spittle_n or_o some_o fit_a liquor_n who_o agitation_n plain_o disclose_v the_o egress_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o there_o appear_v small_a cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o crack_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a since_o not_o only_o the_o smith_n be_v a_o skilful_a man_n in_o his_o trade_n and_o one_o that_o i_o use_v to_o employ_v about_o instrument_n and_o also_o the_o barrel_n have_v be_v sometime_o keep_v many_o hour_n fill_v with_o water_n without_o appear_v other_o then_o very_o staunch_v but_o which_o be_v the_o considerabl_a circumstance_n the_o night_n before_o the_o frost_n as_o i_o late_o note_v be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n break_v out_o at_o any_o of_o these_o cleft_n though_o it_o be_v able_a to_o force_v itself_o a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o screw_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o make_v it_o go_v close_o i_o have_v only_o this_o circumstance_n to_o add_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o when_o by_o thaw_v one_o part_n of_o the_o ice_n some_o piece_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o barrel_n all_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o appear_v to_o be_v full_a enough_o of_o bubble_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o seem_v lesser_a than_o ordinary_a whether_o they_o be_v so_o by_o chance_n or_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o resistance_n or_o compression_n which_o the_o freeze_a water_n find_v upon_o its_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v itself_o in_o the_o barrel_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n long_a since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o forego_n section_n meet_v with_o a_o passage_n in_o bartholinus_n where_o he_o vouch_v cabaeus_n for_o the_o experiment_n of_o congeal_a water_n without_o limit_v it_o to_o any_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o put_v salt_n ãâã_d into_o it_o and_o shake_v it_o strong_o i_o be_v thereby_o confirm_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o suppose_v that_o gassendus_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o former_a section_n do_v not_o exclude_v that_o corporal_a and_o visible_a nitre_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o congelation_n for_o cabaeus_n have_v publish_v his_o comment_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n whence_o this_o experiment_n be_v take_v by_o bartholinus_n before_o gassendus_fw-la publish_v his_o book_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o borrow_v the_o experiment_n from_o he_o and_o cabaeus_n as_o bartholinus_n quote_v he_o prescribe_v the_o put_v the_o salt-petre_a its_o self_n into_o water_n which_o be_v a_o while_n put_v into_o a_o brisk_a motion_n will_v after_o some_o agitation_n not_o only_o refrigerate_v that_o water_n but_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a congelation_n wherefore_o suspect_v that_o this_o relation_n wherein_o bartholinus_n say_v he_o will_v believe_v he_o without_o a_o oath_n may_v have_v give_v rise_v to_o the_o opinion_n and_o affirmation_n of_o those_o ingenious_a writer_n that_o have_v since_o ascribe_v such_o wonderful_a coldness_n to_o nitre_n and_o find_v in_o bartholinus_n that_o cabaeus_n proportion_n betwixt_o the_o nitre_n and_o the_o water_n be_v that_o of_o 35._o to_o a_o 100_o that_o be_v almost_o as_o one_o to_o three_o i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o a_o experiment_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o little_o less_o unlikely_a than_o considerable_a i_o take_v then_o a_o pound_n of_o good_a salt-petre_a and_o near_o 3._o pound_n of_o common_a water_n to_o observe_v the_o more_o narrow_o cabaeus_n proportion_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o large_a new_a pipkin_n be_v keep_v constant_o and_o nimble_o stir_v about_o sometime_o by_o i_o sometime_o by_o one_o or_o other_o of_o my_o domestic_n relieve_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v weary_a but_o though_o the_o mixture_n be_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o broad_a glass_n spittle_n keep_v in_o a_o brisk_a motion_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ãâã_d the_o manner_n of_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o sometime_o a_o more_o confuse_a agitation_n and_o though_o we_o keep_v it_o thus_o stir_v for_o almost_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a till_o we_o see_v no_o likelihood_n of_o effect_v any_o thing_n by_o try_v ourselves_o any_o further_a yet_o not_o only_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o any_o atom_n of_o true_a ice_n be_v produce_v whereas_o according_a to_o our_o author_n we_o may_v have_v expect_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a congelation_n of_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o any_o freeze_a of_o the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o think_v ãâã_d about_o the_o same_o time_n to_o try_v the_o experiment_n by_o another_o kind_n of_o agitation_n and_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_a with_o about_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o convenient_o size_v vial_n we_o do_v several_a of_o we_o successive_o vehement_o shake_v the_o vial_n too_o and_o fro_o till_o we_o be_v almost_o tire_v but_o neither_o this_o way_n be_v there_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o the_o least_o congelation_n of_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o salt-petre_a begin_v to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o pipkin_n the_o water_n have_v a_o sensible_a increase_n of_o coldness_n which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o diminish_v when_o once_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v but_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o if_o i_o much_o mistake_v not_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o be_v refrigerated_a when_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n multitude_n of_o actual_o cold_a and_o solid_a corpuscle_n come_v to_o be_v every_o way_n disperse_v through_o it_o this_o coldness_n produce_v by_o the_o nitre_n be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o degree_n requisite_a to_o congelation_n for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o my_o sense_n do_v not_o misinform_v i_o i_o take_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n of_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o and_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o cold_a mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n i_o observe_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o descend_v not_o inconsiderable_o and_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o have_v wrought_v its_o effect_n i_o remove_v the_o thermoscope_n into_o a_o vial_n fill_v with_o common_a water_n about_o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n to_o ãâã_d the_o contain_v water_n in_o which_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v place_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hasty_o descend_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n below_o that_o place_n at_o which_o it_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o nitrous_a solution_n and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n remove_v the_o thermoscope_n once_o again_o into_o that_o solution_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v hasty_o impel_v up_o as_o if_o the_o bubble_n have_v be_v put_v into_o warm_a water_n and_o once_o more_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o former_o mention_v ãâã_d water_n the_o tinct_a liquor_n begin_v to_o fall_v down_o hasty_o again_o and_o within_o a_o while_n subside_v almost_o into_o the_o bubble_n whereupon_o to_o avoid_v injure_v the_o instrument_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v it_o out_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n if_o the_o learned_a cabaeus_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o mistake_v some_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v easy_o to_o shoot_v again_o in_o water_n that_o have_v be_v ãâã_d with_o it_o for_o true_a and_o proper_a ice_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o his_o assertion_n and_o must_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o think_v myself_o warrant_v by_o so_o many_o harmonious_a trial_n as_o i_o have_v find_v unfavourable_a to_o the_o suppose_a supremeness_n of_o cold_a in_o salt-petre_a to_o retain_v my_o former_a opinion_n about_o it_o till_o more_o successful_a experiment_n withdraw_v i_o from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n among_o the_o watermen_n and_o many_o other_o that_o the_o river_n if_o not_o pond_n also_o be_v freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o begin_v to_o thaw_v there_o but_o though_o i_o find_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v in_o request_n not_o only_o among_o english_a watermen_n but_o among_o the_o french_a too_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o
often_o impute_v that_o to_o ãâã_d whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o ourselves_o and_o if_o this_o change_n in_o ourselves_o be_v wrought_v by_o unsuspected_a agent_n or_o by_o insensible_a degree_n we_o do_v not_o easy_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o thus_o though_o in_o summer_n divers_a cellar_n that_o be_v not_o deep_a be_v perhaps_o no_o cold_a than_o the_o external_n air_n be_v when_o it_o be_v judge_v but_o temperate_a in_o winter_n or_o the_o spring_n yet_o it_o will_v seem_v very_o cold_a to_o we_o that_o bring_v into_o it_o body_n heat_v by_o the_o summer_n sun_n and_o accustom_v to_o a_o warm_a air_n nay_o cold_a do_v so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o degree_n of_o agitation_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o sentient_a that_o even_o when_o we_o may_v think_v the_o sensory_a unaltered_a it_o may_v judge_v a_o object_n to_o have_v a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o indeed_o it_o have_v not_o as_o i_o remember_v that_o to_o satisfy_v some_o 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the_o more_o inward_a and_o hot_a part_n of_o the_o sensory_a it_o must_v needs_o appear_v less_o agitate_a and_o consequent_o cold_a beside_o that_o sometime_o we_o may_v meet_v with_o certain_a steam_n in_o the_o air_n that_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n of_o humane_a body_n though_o not_o perhaps_o to_o divers_a other_o liquor_n a_o certain_a hide_a power_n of_o chill_a as_o opium_n even_o in_o outward_a application_n for_o in_o such_o way_n i_o have_v know_v a_o great_a chirurgeon_n much_o use_v it_o and_o high_o extol_v it_o strike_v a_o coldness_n into_o the_o body_n by_o the_o subtle_a effluvium_n that_o insinuate_v themselves_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o perhaps_o too_o that_o coldness_n be_v ascribe_v to_o external_n body_n which_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o some_o frigorifick_a vapour_n or_o other_o distemper_n which_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o a_o disease_n may_v yet_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o those_o agent_n that_o produce_v what_o physician_n call_v horror_n and_o rigour_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o fever_n and_o some_o other_o distemper_n or_o produce_v that_o strange_a and_o universal_a coldness_n of_o the_o external_a part_n which_o be_v frequent_o enough_o observe_v among_o other_o symptom_n in_o hysterical_a woman_n moreover_o body_n may_v often_o appear_v cold_a to_o we_o then_o to_o a_o weatherglass_n because_o our_o sensory_n be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o density_n and_o penetrancy_n of_o the_o part_n this_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o strange_a but_o be_v suitable_a enough_o to_o some_o of_o my_o conjecture_n about_o cold_a i_o have_v often_o make_v trial_n with_o very_a nice_a weather-glass_n that_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o at_o least_o ofttimes_o when_o water_n seem_v to_o be_v cold_a enough_o to_o our_o touch_n it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v cold_a to_o the_o weatherglass_n than_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n these_o trial_n i_o have_v sometime_o make_v with_o seal_a 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shall_v annex_v these_o that_o follow_v as_o i_o find_v they_o enter_v because_o they_o be_v not_o perhaps_o destitute_a of_o hint_n improvable_a by_o further_a prosecution_n june_n 26._o between_o two_o and_o four_o in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o wether_n moderate_a for_o the_o season_n i_o take_v a_o thin_a white_a glass-egge_n blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n with_o a_o stem_n come_v out_o of_o it_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a pigeon_n quill_n four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o and_o open_a at_o the_o top_n this_o slender_a pipe_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o its_o cavity_n a_o little_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n long_a or_o somewhat_o more_o which_o the_o glass_n be_v erect_v subside_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n or_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o outward_a air_n till_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n where_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o egg_n and_o thereabouts_o it_o will_v rest_v now_o if_o take_v this_o glass_n by_o the_o top_n betwixt_o my_o thumb_n and_o forefinger_n i_o depress_v the_o egg_n under_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o basin_n of_o fair_a water_n cool_v enough_o to_o the_o touch_n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n that_o part_v betwixt_o the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n and_o the_o external_a will_v instead_o of_o be_v make_v to_o subside_n by_o the_o egg_n immersion_n into_o the_o cold_a water_n present_o rise_v up_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n till_o it_o reach_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a trial_n hold_v erect_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n the_o water_n will_v again_o subside_o whether_o i_o hold_v the_o glass_n or_o let_v it_o rest_v upon_o the_o board_n or_o a_o linen_n carpet_n that_o cover_v the_o table_n on_o which_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v and_o this_o i_o do_v 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saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeò_fw-la durè_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ãâã_d gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxiè_fw-la acsecurissimè_fw-la transeant_fw-la ex_fw-la iis_fw-la ingentia_fw-la etiam_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la exscinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o ãâã_d omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsâ_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerumque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o make_v most_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n ãâã_d illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europeos_n ad_fw-la hypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europâ_fw-la ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la ãâã_d unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la ãâã_d recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o all_o that_o i_o have_v be_v imply_v of_o the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v no_o way_n inconsistent_a with_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o our_o former_o propose_a paradox_n namely_o that_o we_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o rely_v upon_o the_o information_n even_o of_o common_a weather-glass_n themselves_o for_o though_o they_o be_v 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ingenious_a modern_a naturalist_n who_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o weight_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n also_o do_v in_o effect_n admit_v though_o he_o make_v not_o so_o good_a use_n of_o it_o as_o they_o do_v by_o that_o explicate_v the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n teach_v that_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n make_v the_o include_v air_n shrink_v into_o far_o less_o room_n than_o it_o possess_v before_o the_o water_n in_o the_o subjacent_a vessel_n be_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n which_o press_v on_o it_o more_o forcible_o in_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o its_o surface_n than_o it_o be_v press_v upon_o in_o that_o include_v in_o the_o shank_n impel_v up_o into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o shank_n which_o be_v new_o desert_v by_o the_o self-contracting_a air._n but_o though_o this_o account_n be_v preferable_a by_o far_o to_o those_o which_o we_o mention_v before_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o only_o ingenious_a 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we_o find_v the_o glass_n fill_v to_o the_o high_a mark_n to_o weigh_v 4374._o grain_n when_o it_o be_v fill_v but_o to_o the_o low_a mark_n 4152._o grain_n and_o when_o quite_o empty_v 1032._o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o high_a and_o low_a mark_n and_o raise_v by_o the_o glaciation_n be_v about_o a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o water_n set_v to_o freeze_v and_o probable_o will_v have_v amount_v to_o much_o more_o if_o the_o water_n have_v be_v all_o freeze_a 12._o a_fw-la large_a glass-egg_n be_v take_v 1662._o with_o a_o proportionable_o big_a stem_n we_o pour_v water_n into_o it_o till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o fasten_v a_o mark_n there_o we_o expose_v it_o all_o night_n to_o freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v so_o place_v as_o not_o to_o reach_v so_o high_a as_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n about_o ten_o of_o the_o clock_n we_o find_v the_o water_n rise_v in_o the_o 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_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n generate_v or_o separate_v by_o the_o former_a operation_n another_o time_n 16._o in_o the_o same_o glass_n we_o make_v 17._o the_o water_n to_o swell_v about_o ten_o inch_n and_o
estimate_n above_o deliver_v of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o grand_a hydrostatical_a theorem_n demonstrate_v by_o archimedes_n and_o stevinus_n that_o float_a body_n will_v so_o far_o and_o but_o so_o far_o sink_v in_o the_o liquor_n that_o support_v they_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a body_n for_o captain_n james_n in_o his_o often_o cite_a voyage_n make_v mention_n of_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o high_a as_o the_o top-mast-head_n of_o his_o ship_n 6._o and_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o famous_a voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n mention_v one_o stupendous_a hill_n of_o ice_n which_o i_o therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o here_o not_o only_o because_o it_o have_v be_v think_v the_o great_a that_o man_n have_v meet_v with_o but_o because_o they_o deliver_v its_o dimension_n not_o as_o captain_n james_n and_o navigator_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v by_o 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air_n to_o be_v condense_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v account_v by_o estimation_n for_o the_o slender_a pipe_n new_o take_v notice_n of_o almost_o 9_o â
_n inch_n this_o space_n we_o observe_v the_o ascend_a water_n as_o the_o ice_n increase_v below_o to_o invade_v by_o degree_n for_o we_o watch_v it_o and_o measure_v it_o from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o much_o till_o at_o length_n the_o water_n reach_v to_o 8._o inch_n and_o â
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_n after_o a_o while_n the_o water_n swell_v and_o compress_v the_o air_n almost_o two_o inch_n that_o be_v full_a two_o three_o and_o then_o as_o we_o conjecture_v because_o the_o snow_n reach_v too_o high_a freeze_v it_o in_o the_o neck_n we_o find_v the_o glass_n crack_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o the_o top_n throw_v off_o at_o some_o little_a distance_n from_o it_o another_o 7._o a_fw-la large_a single_a vial_n seal_v in_o who_o neck_n the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v to_o half_a its_o former_a room_n just_a as_o we_o be_v go_v to_o break_v it_o under_o water_n to_o observe_v the_o sally_n of_o the_o compress_v air_n sudden_o blow_v off_o with_o a_o good_a noise_n and_o throw_v from_o the_o table_n almost_o the_o whole_a neck_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o one_o entire_a piece_n which_o be_v near_o four_o inch_n long_o and_o at_o the_o basis_n above_o a_o inch_n broad_a 8._o a_o glass_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n and_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n with_o a_o neck_n almost_o cylindrical_a but_o somewhat_o wide_o at_o the_o low_a than_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n till_o there_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o neck_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a whereof_o the_o last_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o little_a more_o be_v much_o narrow_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o conical_a shape_n that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o seal_v at_o the_o apex_n along_o this_o cylinder_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v past_v a_o list_n of_o paper_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o quarter_n and_o then_o the_o glass_n be_v careful_o and_o expeditious_o seal_v up_o by_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n we_o observe_v that_o by_o hold_v the_o glass_n a_o while_n in_o a_o warm_a hand_n and_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v a_o good_a fire_n the_o water_n be_v swell_v up_o near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n but_o place_v the_o glass_n among_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n mix_v with_o salt_n the_o water_n quick_o begin_v to_o subside_o upon_o the_o infrigidation_n and_o a_o while_n after_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v it_o begin_v to_o swell_v and_o by_o degree_n compress_v the_o air_n till_o it_o have_v crowd_v it_o into_o less_o than_o a_o 17._o part_n by_o what_o seem_v indisputable_a for_o by_o estimate_n it_o seem_v to_o some_o to_o be_v crowd_v into_o less_o than_o a_o 20._o part_n be_v not_o a_o much_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o room_n it_o former_o possess_v which_o difference_n of_o estimate_n notwithstanding_o the_o divide_a paper_n proceed_v from_o the_o change_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o the_o cylindrical_a and_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o leak_n at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o glass_n be_v seal_v beside_o that_o by_o pry_v diligent_o we_o can_v discern_v none_o beside_o this_o i_o say_v when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o thus_o crowd_a air_n grow_v too_o strong_a for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o burst_v with_o a_o noise_n that_o make_v we_o come_v to_o it_o from_o several_a place_n of_o the_o house_n the_o vessel_n break_v not_o in_o the_o cylindrical_a part_n as_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v but_o in_o the_o oval_n the_o whole_a pipe_n with_o the_o seal_a end_n remain_v entire_a the_o ice_n appear_v full_a enough_o of_o bubble_n which_o make_v it_o white_a and_o opacous_a and_o the_o water_n that_o have_v ascend_v into_o the_o neck_n upon_o the_o break_n be_v all_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o thus_o far_o our_o collection_n but_o because_o we_o have_v in_o another_o glass_n where_o the_o operation_n be_v soon_o dispatch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o watch_v &_o observe_v somewhat_o more_o exact_o we_o will_v add_v 9_o that_o the_o last_o and_o possible_o the_o best_a experiment_n we_o have_v of_o compress_v air_n by_o freeze_a be_v make_v in_o a_o short_a and_o strong_a glass_n egg_n who_o ball_n be_v very_o great_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o expanding_n of_o the_o water_n may_v have_v the_o more_o forcible_a operation_n this_o vessel_n be_v exact_o seal_v and_o have_v a_o divide_a list_n of_o paper_n past_v along_o the_o stem_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o the_o contain_v water_n do_v quick_o begin_v to_o crowd_v the_o air_n into_o a_o lesser_a room_n and_o for_o a_o good_a while_n ascend_v very_o fast_o till_o at_o length_n it_o have_v thrust_v the_o air_n into_o so_o small_a a_o part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o we_o vehement_o suspect_v there_o may_v
of_o five_o canon_n but_o the_o next_o passage_n be_v more_o direct_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a subject_n and_o be_v couch_v in_o these_o word_n about_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n this_o night_n it_o be_v still_o calm_a we_o find_v ourselves_o sudden_o compass_v round_o about_o with_o great_a island_n of_o ice_n which_o make_v such_o a_o hideous_a noise_n as_o be_v most_o wonderful_a so_o that_o by_o no_o mean_n we_o can_v double_v the_o same_o to_o the_o westward_o wherefore_o etc._n etc._n of_o these_o kind_n of_o icy_a thunder_n as_o some_o traveller_n call_v they_o there_o be_v divers_a instance_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o mention_v in_o the_o several_a voyage_n of_o the_o hollander_n &_o particular_o in_o those_o to_o nova_n zembla_n but_o many_o of_o those_o noise_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n against_o one_o another_o but_o if_o it_o happen_v when_o the_o ice_n as_o sometime_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v seem_v to_o 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these_o icy_a plain_n he_o agree_v with_o our_o author_n and_o other_o as_o to_o the_o frightful_a noise_n that_o be_v produce_v by_o these_o crack_n of_o ice_n but_o affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o observation_n for_o that_o i_o particular_o inquire_v after_o that_o these_o great_a cleft_n be_v often_o make_v not_o by_o thaw_v heat_n but_o by_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o extreme_o sharp_a weather_n indeed_o we_o sometime_o observe_v that_o in_o very_o bitter_a frost_n the_o freeze_a ground_n will_v cleave_v as_o we_o elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n but_o whether_o that_o be_v not_o a_o different_a case_n from_o this_o or_o whether_o the_o polonian_a gentleman_n be_v not_o mistake_v or_o whether_o both_o these_o mention_a account_n of_o the_o cleave_a of_o ice_n may_v on_o different_a conjuncture_n of_o circumstance_n take_v place_n we_o leave_v to_o far_a inquiry_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n concern_v ice_n about_o the_o famous_a volcan-hecla_a in_o island_n which_o though_o very_o believe_v among_o the_o superstitious_a vulgar_a of_o 22._o those_o part_n be_v speak_v of_o so_o slight_o by_o blefkenius_fw-la who_o be_v upon_o that_o coast_n have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o sail_v purposely_o thither_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o take_v any_o far_a notice_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o section_n which_o the_o strangeness_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o theme_n have_v make_v so_o prolix_a already_o the_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v mention_v without_o impertinency_n concern_v ice_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v here_o desist_v from_o so_o laborious_a a_o task_n as_o also_o omit_v the_o handle_n of_o snow_n and_o hail_n for_o though_o they_o be_v reducible_a to_o ice_n yet_o i_o shall_v at_o least_o suspend_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o partly_o because_o bartholinus_n and_o meteorologist_n have_v save_v much_o of_o my_o labour_n and_o 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wherein_o ice_n will_v soon_o dissolve_v than_o it_o will_v in_o water_n but_o this_o opinion_n either_o be_v ground_v upon_o no_o experience_n at_o all_o or_o take_v up_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o no_o care_n be_v take_v ãâã_d reduce_v to_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n no_o more_o then_o to_o measure_v attentive_o how_o long_o one_o outla_v the_o other_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v if_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v this_o matter_n to_o experiment_n and_o make_v a_o determination_n in_o it_o though_o not_o exact_o true_a yet_o less_o remote_a from_o exactness_n than_o have_v be_v yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v 2._o in_o order_n to_o this_o we_o procure_v some_o bullet_n mould_v and_o have_v first_o careful_o stop_v the_o little_a crevice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o remain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o half_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o a_o good_a close_a cement_n we_o afterward_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n and_o 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i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o obvious_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d of_o cold_a that_o in_o river_n pond_n and_o other_o receptacle_n of_o water_n the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o air_n which_o sufficient_o argue_v that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o be_v able_a not_o only_o sensible_o to_o refrigerate_v it_o but_o to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o congeal_v it_o into_o ice_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la either_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o major_a part_n of_o it_o always_o congeal_v or_o we_o may_v just_o demand_v a_o reason_n why_o when_o it_o do_v freeze_v the_o glaciation_n shall_v not_o begin_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o soon_o as_o at_o the_o top_n if_o not_o soon_o and_o our_o argument_n against_o the_o precedency_n 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under_o water_n and_o he_o more_o than_o once_o tell_v i_o that_o though_o near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n the_o cold_a be_v very_o moderate_a yet_o when_o he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n he_o find_v it_o so_o great_a that_o he_o can_v not_o very_o long_o support_v it_o and_o particular_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v occasion_n to_o descend_v about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o fathom_n deep_a which_o be_v nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o many_o sea_n to_o fasten_v rope_n to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o a_o great_a ship_n that_o be_v some_o year_n since_o cast_v away_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o one_o of_o the_o northern_a country_n though_o the_o engine_n that_o be_v let_v down_o
pottinger_n that_o contain_v the_o cold_a liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o hot_a water_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o eleven_o and_o somewhat_o better_a so_o that_o though_o all_o freeze_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o hour_n yet_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v this_o time_n to_o freeze_v a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n soon_o than_o the_o hot_a these_o pottinger_n be_v earthen_a but_o i_o elsewhere_o make_v the_o trial_n in_o other_o of_o metal_n and_o there_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v both_o before_o that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o and_o long_o before_o the_o hot_a another_o time_n i_o measure_v out_o the_o water_n by_o spoonful_n into_o pottinger_n not_o have_v then_o by_o i_o any_o fit_a scale_n to_o weigh_v it_o to_o be_v the_o more_o sure_a that_o the_o quantity_n of_o 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that_o may_v pretend_v that_o such_o water_n will_v have_v freeze_v soon_o than_o cold_a which_o yet_o will_v not_o salve_v the_o common_a opinion_n which_o specify_v not_o such_o water_n postscript_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o such_o caution_n as_o i_o have_v be_v mention_v be_v not_o altogether_o useless_a for_o accidental_o cast_v my_o eye_n upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n i_o somewhat_o wonder_v to_o find_v that_o a_o author_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o great_a adversary_n of_o aristotle_n except_o in_o his_o dangerous_a and_o ill-grounded_a conceit_n of_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o some_o other_o erroneous_a opinion_n do_v yet_o endeavour_v to_o justify_v aristotle_n by_o affirm_v that_o his_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v if_o by_o heat_a water_n we_o understand_v that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v be_v suffer_v to_o cool_v again_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o temper_n of_o other_o water_n which_o 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_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o height_n yet_o the_o air_n that_o make_v this_o compression_n of_o the_o water_n be_v itself_o reduce_v but_o from_o 8._o inch_n to_o 5._o so_o that_o it_o take_v up_o almost_o half_a its_o former_a room_n whereas_o we_o have_v sometime_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o 18._o or_o 20._o part_n thereof_o if_o i_o have_v be_v accommodate_v with_o one_o of_o my_o pneumatical_a engine_n i_o shall_v have_v try_v whether_o water_n be_v first_o careful_o free_v from_o the_o latitant_fw-la air_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o then_o compress_v after_o the_o manner_n hitherto_o recite_v the_o event_n of_o the_o trial_n will_v have_v be_v considerable_o vary_v i_o may_v add_v as_o other_o phaenomena_n of_o our_o experiment_n that_o when_o we_o break_v off_o the_o seal_a apex_n of_o the_o glass_n before_o the_o include_v air_n be_v much_o compress_v there_o neither_o ãâã_d be_v any_o great_a noise_n make_v nor_o any_o considerable_a froth_n produce_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o one_o of_o the_o same_o glass_n ãâã_d have_v be_v ãâã_d use_v and_o with_o the_o same_o ãâã_d that_o have_v be_v already_o compress_v in_o it_o we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o break_n off_o the_o hermetical_a seal_n the_o second_o time_n the_o water_n do_v nevertheless_o ascend_v in_o the_o pipe_n betwixt_o â
_n and_o ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n and_o to_o these_o particular_n i_o can_v both_o add_v other_o circumstance_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o same_o experiment_n and_o subjoin_v many_o other_o experiment_n and_o observation_n but_o that_o i_o be_o already_o tire_v and_o though_o i_o have_v not_o find_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o subject_a over-fruitful_a in_o experiment_n please_a and_o curious_a yet_o now_o i_o be_o grow_v somewhat_o acquaint_v with_o it_o i_o find_v it_o may_v suggest_v so_o many_o other_o new_a one_o that_o since_o the_o barrenness_n of_o my_o theme_n will_v not_o easy_o put_v a_o period_n to_o this_o treatise_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o now_o at_o length_n i_o shall_v let_v my_o weariness_n and_o want_n of_o leisure_n do_v it_o finis_fw-la a_fw-la examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v teach_v and_o prove_v themistius_n carneades_n eleutherius_fw-la themistius_n 1._o as_o for_o antiperistasis_n the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o conspicuous_a and_o
a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o 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thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o 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where_o a_o fire_n be_v keep_v and_o then_o remove_v and_o measure_v out_o into_o spoon_n in_o equal_a quantity_n and_o also_o a_o drop_n of_o they_o drop_v on_o the_o same_o bench_n but_o though_o this_o be_v often_o try_v i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o sure_a inference_n from_o they_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o blackcherry_n water_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v first_o but_o the_o other_o with_o very_o great_a uncertainty_n the_o horse-raddish_n and_o scurvigrass_n water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o very_a beginning_n of_o freeze_a of_o liquor_n be_v to_o move_v a_o pin_n or_o needle_n through_o the_o liquor_n whereby_o the_o ice_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o become_v discernible_a when_o the_o naked_a eye_n can_v discover_v none_o at_o all_o finis_fw-la figure_n 1._o page_z 9_o 10_o 11_o â_o 98._o a_o the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c_o the_o stem_n d_o the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n figure_n 2._o the_o open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâmentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n 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new_o speak_v of_o the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o eminent_a example_n in_o the_o 21._o title_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o differ_a effect_n of_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n bellows_o upon_o a_o weatherglass_n and_o as_o for_o the_o suspicion_n i_o there_o conclude_v with_o though_o i_o yet_o doubt_n whether_o ãâã_d will_v reach_v all_o the_o case_n incident_a to_o that_o experiment_n i_o have_v since_o be_v confirm_v in_o it_o by_o find_v that_o by_o purposely_o vary_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o bellows_o themselves_o i_o can_v divers_a time_n considerable_o vary_v the_o operation_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v out_o of_o they_o in_o their_o differ_a state_n have_v upon_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n witness_v of_o this_o i_o expect_v to_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o say_v more_o and_o therefore_o shall_v at_o present_a add_v but_o this_o one_o particular_a which_o may_v sufficient_o justify_v i_o for_o have_v say_v that_o weather-glass_n &_o 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limbeck_n may_v not_o during_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v of_o some_o use_n to_o we_o in_o make_v and_o judge_v of_o weather-glass_n for_o this_o liquor_n as_o we_o ãâã_d also_o note_n have_v the_o peculiarity_n of_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n during_o almost_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n too_o when_o the_o wether_n water_n or_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v cold_a this_o liquor_n i_o say_v be_v such_o in_o case_n you_o very_o gentle_o thaw_v it_o and_o then_o put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o will_v burn_v all_o away_o you_o suffer_v the_o oil_n to_o re-congeal_a leisurely_o of_o itself_o you_o may_v by_o observe_v the_o station_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o oil_n begin_v manifest_o to_o curdle_n about_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n assist_v to_o make_v another_o weatherglass_n like_o it_o for_o if_o you_o 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the_o pipe_n whereinto_o the_o air_n must_v when_o it_o be_v rarify_v expand_v itself_o but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o great_a sensibility_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v of_o this_o very_a kind_n of_o weather-glass_n nor_o their_o not_o need_v frame_n that_o make_v i_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n where_o i_o purposely_o pass_v by_o contrivance_n that_o i_o know_v to_o be_v more_o curious_a but_o this_o other_o quality_n which_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o divers_a of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o namely_o that_o with_o little_a or_o no_o trouble_n and_o inconvenience_n we_o may_v employ_v liquor_n or_o other_o body_n to_o refrigerate_v the_o include_v air_n by_o immerse_v the_o viol_n if_o need_v be_v by_o a_o weight_n into_o the_o liquor_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o let_v it_o stand_v there_o as_o long_o as_o we_o please_v and_o so_o we_o may_v also_o measure_v the_o coldness_n of_o earth_n snow_n powder_a 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theory_n of_o cold_a which_o be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o clear_v only_o because_o the_o former_a experiment_n show_v that_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o a_o liquor_n whereon_o its_o fluidity_n depend_v may_v be_v hinder_v or_o suppress_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o adventitious_a ãâã_d but_o do_v not_o clear_o show_v that_o the_o liquor_n by_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o kind_a of_o agitation_n do_v actual_o acquire_v a_o coldness_n i_o may_v subjoin_v thus_o much_o that_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o certain_a substance_n which_o for_o just_a reason_n i_o must_v forbear_v to_o describe_v that_o will_v scarce_o sensible_o refrigerate_v common_a water_n i_o can_v make_v a_o certain_a and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v one_o only_o liquor_n that_o be_v wont_n to_o the_o touch_n to_o be_v much_o of_o the_o temper_n of_o water_n to_o conceive_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n this_o i_o say_v as_o strange_a as_o it_o may_v seem_v i_o may_v 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weather-glass_n which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o not_o unapt_a to_o freeze_v and_o other_o unapt_a enough_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o slight_a alteration_n of_o the_o air_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o colourless_a liquor_n whether_o water_n or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o use_v in_o the_o florentine_a weatherglass_n i_o see_v we_o employ_v high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o lovely_a red_a with_o cochinele_n open_v by_o the_o most_o subtle_a volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o include_v liquor_n be_v not_o only_o very_o conspicuous_a and_o secure_v from_o freeze_a but_o so_o susceptible_a of_o even_o the_o slight_a impression_n of_o external_a body_n which_o will_v work_v but_o faint_o on_o water_n that_o it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v how_o many_o inch_n a_o mild_a degree_n of_o heat_n will_v make_v the_o tincture_n ascend_v in_o the_o very_a slender_a cylindrical_a stem_n of_o one_o of_o these_o useful_a instrument_n of_o which_o we_o 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the_o seal_n of_o these_o weather-glass_n protect_v the_o include_v liquor_n from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o from_o evaporate_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o they_o must_v be_v exempt_a from_o all_o the_o other_o imperfection_n which_o we_o former_o mention_v to_o be_v imputable_a to_o weather-glass_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o you_o will_v allow_v i_o to_o add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o the_o tinct_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o like_a may_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v be_v say_v of_o any_o such_o liquor_n be_v a_o particular_a mixture_n in_o case_n it_o be_v allow_v possible_a that_o the_o subtle_a steam_n of_o such_o body_n as_o we_o former_o note_v to_o be_v frigorifick_a in_o respect_n to_o some_o liquor_n may_v insinuate_v themselves_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o effluvium_n of_o the_o loadstone_n do_v ready_o permeat_n it_o in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v though_o i_o willing_o allow_v it_o not_o to_o be_v likely_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o impossible_a that_o some_o steam_n that_o wander_v through_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o cold_a or_o may_v more_o promote_v or_o hinder_v a_o agitation_n among_o the_o minute_n part_n in_o reference_n to_o it_o then_o in_o reference_n to_o other_o liquor_n as_o we_o former_o note_v that_o a_o grain_n or_o two_o of_o opium_n will_v exceed_o allay_v the_o warmth_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n body_n though_o ten_o time_n that_o quantity_n will_v not_o sensible_o refrigerate_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o so_o much_o water_n and_o that_o this_o may_v appear_v the_o less_o extravagant_a i_o shall_v here_o add_v some_o mention_n of_o a_o odd_a phaenomenon_n that_o as_o it_o be_v by_o some_o fate_n have_v occur_v to_o i_o since_o i_o begin_v the_o discourse_n
i_o be_o now_o upon_o for_o while_o i_o be_v yesterday_o write_v it_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o examine_v by_o such_o a_o seal_v weatherglass_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o certain_a strange_a kind_n of_o mixture_n that_o towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o and_o though_o to_o the_o touch_n it_o appear_v but_o lukewarm_a yet_o have_v put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n i_o find_v the_o include_v liquor_n slow_o enough_o impel_v up_o so_o high_a that_o at_o length_n to_o my_o wonder_n it_o rise_v eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n in_o a_o stem_n which_o be_v not_o much_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o but_o that_o which_o i_o relate_v as_o the_o surprise_v circumstance_n be_v that_o when_o i_o have_v take_v out_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o deep_a glass_n full_a of_o cold_a water_n whence_o i_o have_v just_a before_o take_v it_o out_o to_o put_v it_o into_o the_o anomalous_a mixture_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v the_o tincture_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n do_v not_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a and_o as_o any_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v begin_v to_o subside_o again_o towards_o its_o former_a station_n but_o continue_v within_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o less_o of_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o instrument_n though_o neither_o my_o own_o busy_a eye_n nor_o those_o of_o a_o person_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o make_v and_o use_v thermoscope_n can_v perceive_v that_o the_o expanded_a tincture_n be_v any_o where_o discontinue_v by_o any_o air_n or_o bubble_n which_o at_o first_o we_o suspect_v may_v possible_o though_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a have_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o tepor_fw-la of_o the_o mixture_n but_o that_o which_o continue_v our_o wonder_n if_o not_o increase_v it_o be_v that_o during_o four_o or_o five_o hour_n that_o the_o instrument_n continue_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n and_o during_o some_o hour_n also_o that_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o tincture_n do_v not_o subside_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a have_v leave_v the_o glass_n all_o night_n in_o the_o window_n of_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v no_o chimney_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n that_o its_o descent_n be_v scarce_o sensible_o great_a for_o it_o continue_v about_o eight_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o when_o i_o first_o put_v it_o into_o the_o lukewarm_a mixture_n and_o how_o long_o it_o will_v yet_o retain_v this_o strange_a expansion_n be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v tell_v but_o by_o this_o and_o what_o i_o may_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o relate_v concern_v this_o mixture_n it_o may_v appear_v somewhat_o the_o more_o reasonable_a to_o suspect_v that_o even_o seal_a weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v in_o some_o though_o very_o rare_a conjuncture_n of_o circumstance_n and_o from_o some_o peculiar_a agent_n either_o by_o their_o insinuate_a themselves_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o on_o some_o other_o account_n receive_v impression_n that_o as_o far_o as_o can_v easy_o be_v discern_v be_v not_o pure_o the_o genuine_a and_o wont_a operation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o 6._o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o mineral_n that_o we_o in_o english_a call_v tin-glass_n will_v swell_v in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o not_o only_o manifest_o but_o very_o considerable_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o shrink_v at_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o if_o all_o my_o endeavour_n to_o procure_v that_o oar_n have_v not_o prove_v fruitless_a i_o shall_v be_v able_a by_o my_o own_o experience_n to_o disprove_v or_o confirm_v so_o admirable_a a_o phaenomenon_n but_o be_v as_o yet_o unfurnish_a to_o make_v 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which_o i_o therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o not_o only_o because_o it_o serve_v to_o prove_v what_o i_o be_v say_v but_o because_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a a_o advertisement_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o it_o to_o prevent_v mistake_n for_o when_o these_o bubble_n be_v small_a and_o be_v generate_v or_o happen_v to_o stay_v at_o or_o about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o spherical_a and_o cylindrical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n meet_v they_o may_v easy_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v lurk_v unheeded_a and_o reach_v from_o side_n to_o side_n so_o divide_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o ball_n from_o that_o in_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o latter_a shall_v not_o be_v able_a ãâã_d rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o weather_n the_o bubble_n notwithstanding_o its_o aerial_a nature_n be_v more_o indispose_v to_o be_v move_v up_o and_o
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etc._n etc._n which_o will_v sometime_o seem_v to_o be_v total_o clear_a spirit_n and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n such_o kind_n of_o instance_n i_o say_v i_o can_v mention_v but_o i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o prosecute_v my_o example_n in_o that_o obvious_a of_o liquor_n water_n and_o add_v that_o even_o that_o may_v afford_v we_o other_o testimony_n of_o the_o increase_v or_o lessen_v cold_a of_o the_o air_n then_o that_o which_o it_o give_v we_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n for_o in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n the_o waterman_n observe_v that_o the_o river_n will_v 12._o bear_v boat_n heavy_a load_v in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o have_v upon_o inquiry_n be_v credible_o inform_v that_o seaman_n have_v observe_v their_o ship_n to_o draw_v less_o water_n upon_o the_o coast_n 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condense_v by_o cold._n the_o iii_o discourse_n contain_v the_o ii_o paradox_n viz._n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n and_o ascent_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n though_o i_o think_v here_o to_o end_v the_o praeliminary_a discourse_n as_o doubt_v it_o may_v be_v think_v prolix_a enough_o already_o yet_o for_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o be_v late_o note_v about_o the_o incompleteness_n of_o the_o theory_n of_o cold_a and_o because_o the_o evincement_n thereof_o may_v give_v rise_v to_o many_o trial_n that_o may_v enrich_v the_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o will_v here_o subjoin_v a_o discourse_n former_o write_v on_o another_o occasion_n for_o though_o upon_o that_o account_n i_o be_o fain_a to_o leave_v out_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o as_o not_o suit_v to_o the_o present_a occasion_n yet_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o discourse_n may_v be_v i_o think_v not_o improper_o annex_v to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v about_o weather-glass_n since_o it_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o principal_a phaenomenon_n of_o they_o and_o will_v perhaps_o help_v to_o discover_v the_o incompleteness_n of_o man_n notion_n about_o cold_a by_o show_v that_o the_o true_a cause_n even_o of_o the_o most_o obvious_a phaenomenon_n of_o common_a weather-glass_n though_o almost_o every_o man_n think_v he_o understand_v it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v sufficient_o inquire_v into_o the_o discourse_n then_o that_o first_o part_n of_o it_o as_o foreign_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v omit_v be_v as_o follow_v to_o prosecute_v our_o disquisition_n satisfactory_o it_o will_v concern_v we_o to_o consider_v upon_o what_o account_n the_o water_n rise_v in_o cold_a wether_n and_o fall_v in_o hot_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n who_o construction_n be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o we_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o set_v it_o down_o we_o may_v forthwith_o proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o concern_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o water_n or_o other_o liquor_n in_o the_o shank_n or_o pipe_n ascend_v with_o cold_a and_o descend_v with_o heat_n there_o be_v three_o opinion_n that_o will_v deserve_v our_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n and_o peripatetic_n and_o indeed_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o learned_a man_n of_o differ_v sect_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_n air_n contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o thereby_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o narrow_a room_n then_o former_o it_o possess_v the_o water_n must_v necessary_o ascend_v to_o fill_v the_o place_n desert_v by_o the_o retire_a air_n lest_o that_o space_n shall_v become_v a_o vacuum_n which_o nature_n abhor_v but_o against_o this_o explication_n we_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o object_n for_o first_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v that_o any_o of_o the_o schoolman_n or_o peripatetic_n at_o least_o of_o those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o 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_n division_n be_v half_a inch_n and_o be_v take_v out_o thence_o and_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v immediate_o apply_v to_o the_o ball_n the_o liquor_n fall_v low_a to_o about_o 1_o ½_o division_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o water_n though_o in_o part_n congeal_v remain_v warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o uncongeal_v that_o have_v be_v refrigerated_a by_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o will_v add_v this_o other_o experiment_n which_o we_o find_v in_o another_o of_o our_o note_n thus_o set_v down_o 5._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v 15._o keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_o be_v immediate_o remove_v into_o the_o same_o snow_n and_o salt_n that_o make_v the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o descend_v at_o the_o beginning_n very_o fast_o and_o afterward_o more_o slow_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n where_o it_o expand_v itself_o into_o the_o ball_n then_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o same_o glass_n of_o water_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v and_o which_o be_v well_o store_v with_o loose_a piece_n of_o ice_n it_o do_v nevertheless_o hasty_o ascend_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o be_v soon_o after_o impel_v to_o the_o former_a height_n of_o five_o division_n and_o a_o half_a or_o thereabouts_o 6._o but_o perhaps_o some_o amends_o may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o disaster_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n by_o add_v that_o i_o find_v by_o another_o trial_n that_o the_o condensation_n of_o liquor_n by_o such_o cold_n as_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o have_v or_o can_v easy_o produce_v here_o be_v nothing_o near_o so_o great_a as_o one_o will_v imagine_v and_o though_o for_o want_n of_o a_o glass-ball_n furnish_v with_o a_o neck_n slender_a enough_o i_o can_v not_o make_v the_o experiment_n so_o much_o to_o my_o satisfaction_n as_o perhaps_o else_o i_o may_v have_v do_v yet_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o scale_n i_o make_v use_v of_o and_o some_o great_a care_n then_o possible_o every_o experimenter_n will_v have_v employ_v may_v make_v the_o follow_a observation_n luciferous_a 7._o we_o take_v then_o on_o a_o cold_a but_o not_o frosty_a day_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n who_o be_v free_a from_o phlegm_n or_o
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_n grain_n and_o then_o by_o snow_n and_o salt_n reduce_v that_o water_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n that_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n about_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o small_a open_a glass_n that_o contain_v it_o we_o find_v the_o same_o bubble_n not_o to_o weigh_v at_o all_o above_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n less_o than_o it_o do_v before_o so_o that_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o shrink_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o increment_n of_o weight_n it_o shrink_v but_o about_o a_o 230._o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n and_o this_o according_a to_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o will_v turn_v with_o about_o the_o 32._o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o may_v keep_v we_o from_o wonder_v at_o what_o we_o late_o deliver_v concern_v the_o very_a inconsiderable_a subsidence_n of_o the_o water_n we_o expose_v to_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o a_o small_a bolthead_n and_o it_o may_v also_o make_v that_o the_o more_o probable_a which_o 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or_o downward_o 1._o though_o after_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a it_o will_v be_v the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o take_v some_o notice_n of_o the_o direction_n of_o its_o activity_n yet_o because_o one_o of_o the_o experiment_n that_o belong_v to_o this_o head_n be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o facilitate_v the_o trial_n of_o many_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v throughout_o this_o whole_a collection_n we_o will_v no_o long_o delay_v to_o say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n namely_o in_o what_o line_n or_o if_o you_o please_v towards_o what_o part_n the_o frigefactive_a virtue_n of_o cold_a body_n do_v operate_v the_o further_a and_o the_o most_o strong_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o know_a doctrine_n among_o philosopher_n that_o the_o diffusion_n of_o heat_n tend_v chief_o upward_o as_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n will_v burn_v many_o thing_n hold_v over_o it_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n than_o it_o will_v considerable_o warm_v they_o at_o in_o 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just_a now_o relate_v above_o half_a a_o corn_n breadth_n high_o than_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o i_o remember_v not_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o much_o low_a beneath_o the_o mixture_n from_o those_o thing_n i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v probable_o conjecture_v that_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o least_o unless_o their_o bulk_n alter_v the_o case_n do_v not_o diffuse_v their_o freeze_a virtue_n either_o upward_o or_o downward_o to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n 5._o these_o trial_n as_o i_o be_v intimate_v may_v suggest_v some_o difficulty_n about_o the_o last_o of_o the_o two_o experiment_n transcribe_v out_o of_o my_o note_n but_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a these_o observation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o its_o rove_a vapour_n and_o the_o mention_a experiment_n be_v make_v under_o water_n so_o how_o much_o this_o difference_n of_o medium_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n as_o to_o the_o way_n of_o the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a i_o dare_v not_o till_o further_a trial_n bold_o determine_v especial_o since_o one_o circumstance_n to_o be_v under_o the_o next_o title_n mention_v about_o the_o freeze_a of_o egg_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o addirional_a experiment_n as_o to_o our_o present_a enquiry_n for_o the_o case_n obtain_v by_o freeze_a egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o diffusion_n of_o their_o cold_n be_v make_v every_o way_n since_o they_o be_v quite_o enclose_v in_o the_o ice_n they_o have_v produce_v 6._o though_o the_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o salt_n and_o snow_n be_v not_o a_o new_a one_o for_o substance_n yet_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o make_v a_o further_a mention_n of_o it_o on_o this_o occasion_n because_o that_o what_o i_o be_o to_o deliver_v about_o it_o be_v a_o paticular_a not_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o i_o know_v of_o by_o other_o the_o premise_a of_o which_o will_n according_a to_o what_o we_o late_o intimate_v much_o facilitate_v the_o trial_n of_o many_o of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o these_o paper_n and_o will_v indeed_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o our_o whole_a attempt_n of_o frame_v a_o history_n of_o cold._a for_o it_o have_v long_o seem_v to_o i_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a thing_n that_o have_v hinder_v man_n from_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n in_o this_o matter_n that_o whereas_o glass-vessel_n be_v general_o much_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o freeze_v liquor_n in_o because_o their_o transparency_n allow_v we_o to_o see_v what_o change_v the_o cold_a make_v in_o the_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o the_o way_n of_o freeze_a with_o salt_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o use_v do_v almost_o as_o little_a as_o the_o common_a way_n of_o bare_o expose_v vessel_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n prevent_v the_o unseasonable_a break_n of_o the_o glass_n for_o in_o both_o these_o way_n the_o water_n or_o other_o liquor_n usual_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o glaciation_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o to_o distend_v the_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n it_o harden_v it_o be_v usual_o and_o natural_o consequent_a that_o when_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o ice_n be_v grow_v thick_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a liquor_n bear_v hard_a with_o its_o edge_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n contiguous_a to_o it_o the_o include_v liquor_n that_o be_v by_o degree_n successive_o turn_v into_o ice_n require_v more_o room_n than_o before_o and_o forcible_o endeavour_v to_o expand_n itself_o every_o way_n find_v it_o less_o difficult_a to_o burst_v the_o glass_n then_o lift_v up_o the_o ice_n and_o
consequent_o do_v the_o former_a and_o thereby_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o perfection_n or_o have_v let_v we_o see_v what_o nature_n will_v have_v do_v if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o hinder_v in_o her_o work_n 7._o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o invite_v i_o to_o alter_v the_o common_a way_n of_o freeze_a and_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o whensoever_o i_o please_v the_o expose_v liquor_n shall_v not_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n or_o side_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o conclude_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v by_o mingle_v the_o salt_n with_o that_o part_n only_o of_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v to_o lie_v beneath_o and_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o place_v in_o it_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o snow_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n be_v able_a but_o to_o cool_v the_o water_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o glaciation_n whereas_o the_o mingle_a snow_n and_o salt_n on_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v do_v actual_o turn_v the_o neighbour_a liquor_n into_o ice_n and_o lift_v up_o the_o incumbent_a liquor_n towards_o the_o high_a and_o empty_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o liquor_n also_o i_o can_v afterward_o freeze_v at_o pleasure_n without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o vessel_n only_o by_o so_o apply_v salt_n and_o snow_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o they_o never_o reach_v except_o perhaps_o at_o the_o very_a conclusion_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o high_a by_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n as_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v always_o keep_v fluid_a and_o capable_a of_o be_v easy_o impel_v high_a and_o high_a by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a part_n of_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n 8._o the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o make_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n not_o the_o top_n will_v be_v more_o frigidum_fw-la proper_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v by_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o any_o nice_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o snow_n nor_o of_o any_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o they_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o sea_n salt_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o do_v amiss_o nor_o do_v i_o usual_o put_v salt_n to_o all_o the_o snow_n at_o once_o unless_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o freeze_v a_o liquor_n quick_o and_o make_v a_o speedy_a resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o by_o the_o way_n above_o mention_v i_o do_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n make_v the_o expose_v liquor_n freeze_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o top_n but_o next_o to_o what_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o please_v according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o experiment_n but_o though_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o way_n of_o freeze_a liquor_n it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o give_v explicit_o this_o practical_a advertisement_n concern_v it_o that_o whereas_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o snow_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o artifice_n and_o we_o ourselves_o be_v for_o some_o time_n lead_v away_o with_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o supposition_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o a_o presumption_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v remove_v as_o one_o very_o prejudicial_a to_o those_o that_o with_o we_o design_v the_o prosecute_a experiment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o history_n of_o cold._n for_o snow_n be_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v find_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o comparison_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v but_o a_o congery_n of_o many_o small_a icesicles_n with_o much_o air_n intercept_v among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o ãâã_d paribus_fw-la near_o so_o durable_a as_o the_o more_o entire_a body_n of_o solid_a ice_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o frequent_a experience_n that_o ice_n well_o beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o artificial_a glaciation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o in_o some_o respect_v better_a as_o snow_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n of_o cold_a we_o indifferent_o prescribe_v snow_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n and_o ice_n as_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o glaciate_a mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n 1._o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n common_a enough_o though_o not_o here_o in_o england_n yet_o among_o those_o that_o have_v give_v we_o account_n of_o very_o cold_a ãâã_d that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v freeze_v be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v be_v thereby_o spoil_v but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o internal_a cold_n will_v be_v draw_v out_o as_o they_o suppose_v by_o the_o external_a and_o the_o freeze_a body_n will_v be_v harmlef_o though_o not_o so_o quick_o thaw_v this_o tradition_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v in_o our_o more_o temperate_a climate_n and_o because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o rely_v upon_o tradition_n when_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o especial_o if_o no_o one_o credible_a author_n affirm_v they_o upon_o his_o particular_a knowledge_n but_o also_o because_o i_o think_v the_o experiment_n if_o true_a may_v be_v so_o vary_v and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o become_v luciferous_a enough_o and_o afford_v we_o divers_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o more_o know_v way_n of_o experiment_v and_o according_o have_v expose_v some_o of_o these_o body_n to_o a_o cold_a that_o be_v judge_v sharp_a enough_o we_o afterward_o put_v they_o in_o water_n but_o find_v not_o the_o event_n answer_v our_o expectation_n no_o ice_n appear_v to_o be_v generate_v nevertheless_o we_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o discourage_v as_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v not_o unlikely_a with_o more_o sollicitousness_n and_o advantage_n then_o before_o and_o have_v thereby_o bring_v it_o to_o succeed_v we_o afterward_o make_v several_a trial_n of_o it_o with_o several_a distinct_a aim_n but_o ãâã_d now_o find_v any_o entry_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o but_o those_o i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o among_o my_o note_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v as_o have_v in_o they_o some_o particular_n that_o may_v afford_v useful_a hint_n to_o a_o enquirer_n into_o the_o history_n and_o nature_n of_o cold._n and_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o together_o and_o that_o in_o this_o place_n though_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o because_o some_o circumstance_n of_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o on_o several_a occasion_n in_o the_o present_a treatise_n 2._o a_o egg_n weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o one_o grain_n wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o thaw_v snow_n and_o freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n want_v four_o grain_n of_o that_o weight_n put_v into_o a_o dish_n of_o fair_a water_n there_o crust_v as_o much_o ice_n about_o the_o outside_n as_o make_v the_o egg_n and_o ice_n fifteen_o drachm_n and_o nine_o grain_n the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o shell_n and_o the_o shell_n very_o well_o dry_v the_o egg_n be_v find_v to_o weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o twelve_o grain_n the_o egg_n be_v break_v be_v find_v almost_o quite_o thaw_v the_o egg_n freeze_v swim_v in_o water_n be_v thaw_v it_o sink_v 3._o we_o take_v two_o egg_n strong_o freeze_v and_o in_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v a_o good_a fire_n we_o put_v one_o of_o they_o into_o a_o deep_a woodden-dish_n full_a of_o very_o cold_a water_n and_o set_v the_o other_o by_o it_o upon_o a_o table_n about_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o air_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a then_o perceive_v the_o egg_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o thick_a crust_n of_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o have_v first_o free_v it_o from_o the_o ice_n break_v it_o and_o find_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v not_o yet_o free_v from_o a_o pretty_a store_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o ice_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o white_a which_o be_v much_o the_o great_a part_n and_o the_o yelk_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o what_o of_o the_o same_o consistence_n as_o if_o the_o egg_n have_v not_o former_o be_v
particular_a body_n and_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o differ_a time_n wherein_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o expose_v body_n be_v estimate_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n for_o we_o find_v that_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v many_o body_n and_o that_o glaciation_n destroy_v or_o at_o lest_o prejudices_fw-la most_o other_o probable_o by_o discompose_v or_o vitiate_a their_o texture_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thaw_v though_o while_o the_o frost_n be_v in_o they_o it_o keep_v almost_o all_o body_n from_o disclose_v any_o putrefaction_n 17._o this_o be_v the_o general_a consideration_n i_o intend_v to_o propose_v it_o remain_v that_o i_o add_v out_o of_o credible_a writer_n or_o other_o relator_n some_o observation_n to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v the_o chief_a particular_n comprehend_v in_o it_o and_o first_o that_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a conduce_v much_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o inanimate_a body_n be_v a_o thing_n vulgar_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o acknowledge_v and_o i_o do_v not_o ready_o remember_v any_o instance_n that_o manifest_a that_o any_o degree_n of_o cold_a though_o more_o than_o moderate_a provide_v it_o fall_v short_a of_o freeze_a the_o body_n expose_v to_o it_o do_v spoil_v they_o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n say_v the_o industrious_a bartholinus_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la 80._o sine_fw-la arctè_fw-la ãâã_d servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la à _fw-la putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v mention_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v a_o memorable_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o show_v that_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o his_o ship_n that_o be_v freeze_v up_o all_o the_o winter_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o spoil_v the_o meat_n and_o drink_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o that_o time_n under_o water_n because_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o story_n that_o they_o be_v not_o actual_o freeze_v the_o word_n of_o his_o journal_n be_v these_o by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o 74._o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n which_o god_n have_v preserve_v for_o we_o it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o which_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o of_o what_o we_o shall_v note_v by_o and_o by_o both_o out_o of_o other_o book_n and_o even_o out_o of_o this_o about_o what_o become_v of_o a_o strong_a liquor_n than_o beer_n once_o bring_v to_o glaciation_n and_o it_o seem_v our_o navigator_n find_v cold_a if_o extreme_o intend_v so_o destructive_a a_o thing_n that_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n in_o his_o journal_n that_o even_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o the_o 79._o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jote_n the_o worse_o 18._o and_o it_o seem_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o simlerus_n account_n of_o the_o alps_n that_o even_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v very_o long_o preserve_v by_o snow_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v guess_v by_o the_o story_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la 79_o nivium_fw-la è_fw-fr monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la ãâã_d sylvam_fw-la &_o ãâã_d abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60._o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la ãâã_d aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la solut_a â_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 19_o second_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o many_o if_o not_o most_o inanimate_a body_n i_o say_v inanimate_a because_o of_o the_o gangraene_n and_o sphacelation_n that_o often_o rob_v live_v man_n of_o freeze_a toe_n nose_n and_o sometime_o other_o part_n if_o they_o be_v actual_o freeze_v will_v not_o disclose_v any_o putrefaction_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o that_o state_n nor_o be_v this_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o since_o whether_o we_o will_v suppose_v that_o in_o glaciation_n the_o moist_a and_o fluid_a part_n be_v wedge_v in_o by_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n or_o that_o those_o restless_a particle_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a be_v call_v forth_o of_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o glaciation_n which_o soever_o of_o these_o two_o way_n we_o pitch_v upon_o we_o must_v in_o freeze_a body_n conceive_v a_o unwonted_a rest_n to_o be_v produce_v of_o those_o movable_a particle_n who_o internal_a commotion_n and_o disorderly_a coalition_n and_o avolation_n be_v either_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o necessary_a concomitant_n of_o corruption_n 20._o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o remember_v that_o meet_v with_o a_o know_a man_n who_o affair_n stop_v he_o during_o the_o winter_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v of_o he_o how_o long_o they_o can_v in_o those_o cold_a climate_n preserve_v in_o winter_n dead_a body_n unbury_v and_o yet_o uncorrupted_a he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v opportunity_n to_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o frost_n last_v as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o that_o season_n three_o or_o four_o month_n together_o or_o long_o the_o body_n may_v without_o any_o embalm_v or_o other_o artificial_a way_n of_o preservation_n be_v keep_v untainted_a by_o the_o bare_a coldness_n of_o the_o air._n of_o body_n last_a long_o unputrify_v in_o ice_n navigator_n and_o other_o have_v afford_v we_o several_a instance_n but_o we_o will_v mention_v two_o because_o they_o contain_v something_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o be_v thus_o deliver_v by_o bartholinus_n notandum_fw-la corpor_fw-la a_o occisorum_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr eodem_fw-la 83._o positu_fw-la eademque_fw-la figur_n â_fw-la permanere_fw-la rigidâ_fw-la quâ_fw-la ante_fw-la eadem_fw-la depraehensa_fw-la sunt_fw-la visum_fw-la id_fw-la extra_fw-la urbem_fw-la nostram_fw-la quum_fw-la 11._o feb._n 1659._o oppugnantes_fw-la host_n repellerentur_fw-la magnaque_fw-la strage_fw-la occumberent_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la rigidi_fw-la iratum_fw-la vultum_fw-la ostendebant_fw-la alii_fw-la oculos_fw-la elatos_fw-la alii_fw-la ore_fw-la diducto_fw-la ringentes_fw-la alii_fw-la brachiis_fw-la extensis_fw-la 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be_v now_o thaw_v that_o the_o water_n be_v subside_v to_o the_o mark_n we_o have_v make_v before_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o congelation_n if_o not_o some_o very_a little_a way_n beneath_o it_o then_o we_o go_v about_o to_o find_v the_o proportion_n wherein_o this_o dispirited_a water_n be_v expanded_a by_o glaciation_n but_o in_o pursue_v this_o there_o happen_v a_o mischance_n to_o the_o glass_n which_o keep_v the_o experiment_n from_o be_v so_o accurate_a as_o we_o design_v and_o therefore_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o that_o it_o amount_v to_o about_o the_o twelve_o part_n which_o be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o undispirited_a water_n yet_o we_o design_v the_o repetition_n of_o the_o experiment_n only_o in_o this_o we_o can_v not_o be_v mistake_v that_o the_o
invert_v the_o stem_n and_o break_v the_o neb_n under_o water_n we_o find_v about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n to_o have_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o stem_n so_o that_o in_o this_o there_o seem_v no_o generation_n of_o air._n 17._o to_o all_o these_o experiment_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v in_o two_o word_n that_o as_o in_o water_n so_o in_o some_o aqueous_a liquor_n we_o find_v that_o the_o icy_a bubble_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o measure_v their_o respective_a expansion_n by_o be_v congeal_v for_o in_o that_o elsewhere_o mention_a experiment_n where_o we_o expose_v milk_n urine_n and_o rhenish-wine_n to_o freeze_v when_o all_o those_o liquor_n be_v rise_v above_o their_o former_a mark_n as_o be_v there_o relate_v our_o note_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o experiment_n be_v thus_o prosecute_v 18._o be_v seal_v up_o the_o forego_v word_n mention_v the_o abovenamed_a expanded_a liquor_n and_o suffer_v to_o thaw_v the_o several_a liquor_n subside_v to_o their_o first_o mark_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v and_o break_v under_o water_n we_o be_v by_o a_o accident_n hinder_v from_o observe_v what_o we_o desire_v in_o that_o which_o have_v the_o wine_n though_o when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a pot_n it_o have_v ice_n but_o not_o much_o swim_v in_o it_o but_o into_o the_o glass_n that_o have_v the_o milk_n the_o water_n be_v manifest_o impel_v by_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o so_o it_o be_v into_o the_o glass_n that_o have_v the_o urine_n which_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o basin_n and_o reinvert_v appear_v to_o have_v as_o much_o new_a liquor_n in_o its_o stem_n as_o amount_v by_o guess_n to_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n 19_o to_o which_o experiment_n we_o may_v add_v that_o another_o time_n a_o seal_a glass_n of_o partly_o freeze_a claret-wine_n be_v break_v under_o water_n the_o water_n be_v impel_v up_o between_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o 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to_o be_v measure_v so_o the_o measurer_n not_o know_v how_o long_o they_o may_v have_v be_v on_o ground_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v much_o of_o that_o admire_a height_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o snow_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fall_v very_o plentiful_o in_o those_o freeze_a region_n and_o be_v compact_v together_o either_o by_o the_o sun_n who_o beam_n sometime_o begin_v to_o thaw_v it_o and_o sometime_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o wave_n that_o beat_v against_o the_o ice_n and_o be_v congeal_v with_o the_o snow_n do_v as_o it_o be_v cement_v the_o part_n of_o it_o together_o and_o sometime_o by_o both_o of_o these_o cause_n so_o in_o the_o instance_n allege_v 14._o out_o of_o captain_n james_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o high_a as_o his_o top-mast-head_n it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o they_o be_v on_o ground_n in_o 40._o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o other_o example_n mention_v out_o of_o bartholinus_n though_o there_o be_v 40._o fathom_n attribute_v 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a_o very_a frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v burst_v the_o bottle_n though_o its_o matter_n be_v metalline_a and_o though_o purposely_o for_o this_o trial_n we_o have_v choose_v it_o quite_o new_a the_o crack_n appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o pewter_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o bottle_n fill_v with_o ice_n that_o have_v crack_v it_o which_o a_o noble_a virtuoso_fw-la will_v needs_o make_v i_o who_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v to_o amuse_v with_o such_o a_o trifle_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o virtuoso_fw-la bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o show_v itself_o in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v real_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n 3._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o a_o much_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v not_o if_o freeze_a have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o according_o fill_v with_o about_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n a_o screw_v pewter_n box_n such_o as_o many_o use_n to_o keep_v treacle_n &_o salve_n in_o quite_o new_a and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o include_v water_n the_o vessel_n be_v very_o much_o burst_v afterward_o fill_v a_o quart_n bottle_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o capacity_n with_o a_o congealable_a liquor_n and_o tie_v down_o the_o cork_n very_o hard_o with_o strong_a packthread_n we_o find_v that_o the_o frost_n make_v the_o liquor_n force_n out_o the_o stopple_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o keep_v it_o down_o but_o afterward_o we_o so_o well_o fasten_v a_o cork_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o quart_n bottle_n of_o glass_n that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o congeal_a liquor_n to_o break_v the_o vessel_n then_o to_o thrust_v out_o the_o stopple_n and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a many_o hour_n expose_v this_o to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n we_o find_v at_o length_n the_o bottle_n burst_v although_o it_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o we_o be_v invite_v to_o measure_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o side_n and_o find_v that_o the_o thin_a place_n where_o it_o be_v break_v by_o the_o ice_n be_v 3_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o thick_a â
_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o ãâã_d we_o also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o frost_n break_v a_o earthen_a bottle_n of_o strong_a flanders_n metal_n of_o which_o the_o thin_a part_n that_o be_v break_v be_v equal_a by_o measure_n to_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o other_o 4._o but_o the_o above_o mention_v instance_n serve_v only_o to_o declare_v in_o general_a that_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a be_v very_o forcible_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o attempt_v the_o reduce_n of_o the_o matter_n somewhat_o near_o a_o estimate_n less_o remote_a from_o be_v determinate_a and_o because_o the_o water_n expose_v to_o congelation_n may_v be_v probable_o suppose_v to_o be_v homogeneous_a we_o judge_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o may_v very_o much_o vary_v its_o degree_n of_o force_n and_o because_o some_o may_v suspect_v that_o the_o figure_n also_o may_v not_o be_v inconsiderable_a in_o this_o matter_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v our_o trial_n in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n 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weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o about_o 100_o inch_n which_o consequent_o may_v near_o countervale_fw-mi a_o cylinder_n of_o six_o score_n foot_n of_o water_n but_o into_o a_o little_a less_o than_o a_o four_o part_n of_o its_o usual_a extent_n but_o how_o much_o further_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v by_o our_o new_a purpose_a way_n it_o be_v now_o time_n to_o show_v by_o the_o ensue_a note_n of_o which_o we_o have_v not_o omit_v any_o that_o we_o can_v find_v both_o that_o some_o scruple_n which_o may_v else_o arise_v about_o the_o way_n we_o employ_v may_v be_v prevent_v or_o satisfy_v and_o that_o the_o way_n we_o employ_v in_o practise_v this_o method_n may_v by_o some_o variety_n of_o example_n be_v the_o better_o understand_v 4._o we_o take_v a_o large_a glass-egg_n 13._o with_o a_o cylindrical_a stem_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o my_o middle_a finger_n and_o pour_v in_o water_n till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o finger_n breadth_n high_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o some_o hour_n with_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n almost_o at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o stem_n open_a and_o there_o leave_v it_o for_o some_o hour_n and_o the_o water_n be_v rise_v betwixt_o six_o and_o a_o half_a and_o seven_o inch_n this_o we_o do_v in_o order_n to_o another_o experiment_n but_o then_o easy_o and_o nimble_o seal_v up_o the_o slender_a pipe_n above_o mention_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n may_v not_o be_v heat_v we_o let_v it_o continue_v in_o the_o snow_n sometime_o add_v fresh_a for_o about_o 24._o hour_n to_o observe_v to_o what_o degree_n the_o water_n by_o expand_v itself_o will_v compress_v the_o imprison_a air._n the_o length_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o
be_v some_o unheeded_a flaw_n or_o crack_v of_o the_o glass_n at_o which_o the_o air_n have_v steal_v out_o we_o draw_v near_o the_o vessel_n and_o attentive_o pry_v all_o about_o it_o to_o try_v if_o we_o can_v discover_v any_o ground_n of_o our_o suspicion_n we_o find_v as_o far_o as_o the_o divide_a list_n and_o other_o circumstance_n can_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o air_n suppose_v none_o of_o it_o to_o have_v get_v away_o be_v reduce_v by_o our_o estimate_n into_o the_o 19_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o this_o our_o curiosity_n prove_v not_o unseasonable_a for_o while_o we_o be_v narrow_o survey_v the_o glass_n to_o spy_v out_o some_o flaw_n in_o it_o we_o be_v quick_o satisfy_v there_o have_v be_v none_o by_o a_o huge_a crack_n make_v upon_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o include_v air_n who_o spring_n be_v by_o so_o great_a a_o compression_n make_v too_o strong_a for_o the_o glass_n to_o resist_v it_o do_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n break_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o many_o piece_n throw_v the_o unfrozen_a part_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o i_o and_o also_o throw_v off_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o egg_n which_o yet_o i_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o recover_v entire_a and_o which_o i_o yet_o keep_v by_o i_o as_o a_o rarity_n 10._o thus_o far_o we_o then_o proceed_v in_o compress_v the_o air_n which_o be_v do_v in_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v where_o no_o air_n can_v get_v in_o or_o out_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o more_o unexceptionable_a way_n than_o those_o that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v think_v of_o but_o further_a we_o can_v not_o then_o prosecute_v it_o for_o want_n both_o of_o convenient_a glass_n and_o of_o ice_n or_o snow_n of_o which_o if_o we_o be_v provide_v and_o particular_o of_o strong_a glass_n we_o shall_v little_o doubt_v of_o reduce_v the_o air_n to_o a_o yet_o more_o considerable_a degree_n of_o compression_n 11._o we_o may_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o same_o way_n as_o somewhat_o less_o unpromised_a than_o other_o that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o use_v to_o try_v the_o compression_n of_o water_n for_o though_o hitherto_o neither_o the_o experiment_n of_o ingenious_a man_n nor_o those_o make_v by_o ourselves_o have_v full_o satisfy_v we_o that_o water_n admit_v any_o more_o compression_n than_o it_o may_v suffer_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v disperse_v among_o it_o yet_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n may_v perhaps_o for_o i_o propose_v it_o but_o as_o a_o mere_a conjecture_n be_v impute_v to_o the_o porousness_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o by_o the_o way_n already_o practise_v the_o experiment_n must_v be_v make_v whereas_o in_o this_o new_a way_n of_o we_o not_o only_o the_o force_n wherewith_o the_o compress_v air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n grow_v at_o length_n to_o be_v exceed_o great_a and_o be_v apply_v not_o with_o a_o sudden_a impetus_fw-la as_o when_o a_o pewter_n vessel_n be_v knock_v with_o a_o hammer_n but_o by_o slow_a and_o regular_a degree_n of_o increase_n but_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o vessel_n impervious_a to_o its_o subtle_a part_n so_o that_o it_o may_v indeed_o crack_v the_o glass_n but_o can_v get_v out_o at_o the_o pore_n as_o water_v compress_v be_v wont_a to_o do_v at_o those_o of_o metalline_a vessel_n the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o any_o thing_n of_o accurateness_n we_o omit_v partly_o through_o forgetfulness_n and_o avocation_n and_o sometime_o for_o want_v of_o conveniency_n to_o try_v it_o but_o by_o the_o first_o of_o the_o late_o mention_v experiment_n about_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n it_o seem_v by_o the_o strong_a multitude_n of_o bubble_n which_o upon_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n that_o have_v be_v compress_v betwixt_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ãâã_d that_o those_o two_o body_n have_v very_o violent_o compress_v it_o and_o this_o we_o be_v the_o more_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o that_o another_o time_n when_o we_o have_v seal_v up_o some_o air_n and_o water_n in_o a_o glass-egg_n and_o permit_v the_o water_n to_o swell_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o till_o it_o have_v reduce_v the_o air_n include_v with_o it_o to_o about_o three_o quarter_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o even_o then_o i_o say_v to_o try_v whether_o the_o subjacent_a water_n be_v not_o also_o compress_v by_o the_o air_n it_o urge_v we_o break_v off_o the_o seal_a apex_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o perceive_v as_o we_o expect_v the_o water_n to_o ascend_v and_o that_o to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o we_o find_v by_o measure_n but_o such_o trial_n have_v not_o be_v as_o we_o just_a now_o acknowledge_v due_o prosecute_v we_o shall_v at_o present_a content_n ourselves_o to_o have_v name_v this_o way_n of_o attempt_v the_o compression_n of_o water_n without_o ground_v any_o inference_n upon_o it_o title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n 1._o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a or_o to_o speak_v plain_a the_o space_n to_o who_o extremity_n every_o way_n the_o action_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n be_v able_a to_o reach_v be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o inquire_n after_o but_o more_o difficult_a to_o find_v then_o at_o first_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o to_o be_v able_a to_o assign_v the_o determinate_a limit_n within_o which_o and_o not_o beyond_o they_o a_o cold_a body_n can_v operate_v several_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n as_o first_o what_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o assign_a body_n for_o it_o seem_v rational_a to_o conceive_v that_o if_o a_o cold_a body_n as_o such_o have_v a_o diffusive_a virtue_n those_o that_o have_v great_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n and_o snow_n will_v be_v able_a to_o diffuse_v it_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n as_o we_o see_v that_o a_o coal_n of_o fire_n will_v cast_v a_o sensible_a heat_n much_o further_a than_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v heat_v without_o be_v kindle_v second_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o the_o diffusion_n be_v make_v may_v help_v to_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n or_o straiten_v the_o limit_n of_o it_o as_o that_o medium_n be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o receive_v or_o to_o transmit_v the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a agent_n three_o not_o only_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o its_o motion_n or_o rest_v may_v be_v consider_v in_o this_o case_n for_o in_o frosty_a and_o snowy_a weather_n man_n observe_v the_o wind_n that_o come_v from_o freeze_a land_n to_o blow_v more_o cold_a than_o wind_n from_o the_o same_o quarter_n will_v do_v in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o ice_n nor_o snow_n in_o their_o passage_n four_o there_o may_v be_v make_v very_o differ_v estimate_n of_o the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o instrument_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o receive_v and_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold._n for_o a_o liquor_n or_o other_o body_n may_v not_o appear_v cold_a to_o he_o that_o examine_v it_o with_o a_o weatherglass_n while_o he_o shall_v feel_v it_o cold_a with_o his_o hand_n and_o as_o we_o elsewhere_o also_o note_n to_o that_o sensory_a itself_o as_o it_o be_v various_o dispose_v the_o same_o object_n will_v seem_v more_o or_o less_o cold_a so_o much_o may_v the_o predisposition_n of_o the_o organ_n impose_v upon_o the_o unskilful_a or_o unwary_a five_o the_o very_a bulk_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n may_v very_o much_o enlarge_v or_o lessen_v its_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v ere_o long_o and_o beside_o there_o may_v be_v divers_a other_o thing_n that_o may_v render_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o ascertain_v any_o thing_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v reserve_v they_o for_o other_o opportunity_n and_o observe_v now_o in_o general_n that_o in_o such_o small_a parcel_n of_o ice_n itself_o as_o in_o our_o experiment_n we_o be_v wont_n to_o deal_v with_o we_o have_v find_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a exceed_a narrow_a not_o only_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o heat_n in_o fire_n but_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o of_o many_o odorous_a body_n as_o musk_n civet_n spice_n rose_n wormwood_n assa_fw-la dulcis_fw-la assa_fw-la foetida_fw-la castoreum_n camphire_n and_o the_o like_a nay_o and_o even_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o the_o more_o vigorous_a lodestone_n insomuch_o that_o we_o have_v doubt_v whether_o the_o sense_n can_v discern_v a_o cold_a body_n ãâã_d then_o by_o immediate_a contact_n 2._o and_o to_o
examine_v this_o have_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n we_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o i_o partly_o make_v myself_o and_o partly_o cause_v in_o my_o presence_n to_o be_v make_v by_o other_o that_o if_o a_o man_n eye_n be_v close_o shut_v he_o can_v certain_o discern_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o moderate_o size_v piece_n of_o ice_n though_o hold_v never_o so_o near_o his_o finger_n end_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v the_o trial_n with_o one_o of_o those_o very_a sensible_a thermoscope_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v wherein_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o liquor_n play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o slender_a pipe_n i_o find_v that_o by_o hold_v it_o very_o near_o to_o little_a mass_n of_o snow_n somewhat_o compact_v too_o the_o movable_a drop_n do_v not_o betray_v any_o manifest_a operation_n of_o so_o cold_a a_o neighbour_a body_n but_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v make_v to_o touch_v the_o snow_n the_o effect_n will_v then_o be_v notable_a by_o the_o hasty_a descent_n of_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n or_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o obtuse_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n in_o case_n that_o be_v not_o perpendicular_o but_o lateral_o apply_v to_o the_o snowy_a lump_n but_o this_o languidness_n of_o operation_n may_v perhaps_o proceed_v in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v employ_v for_o hear_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v make_v divers_a observation_n about_o cold_a in_o greenland_n i_o desire_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o very_a learned_a friend_n to_o be_v inform_v whether_o or_o no_o in_o the_o night_n they_o can_v perceive_v those_o vast_a heap_n or_o rather_o mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o float_v up_o and_o down_o in_o that_o sea_n by_o any_o new_a and_o manifest_a accession_n of_o cold_a and_o be_v inform_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o that_o question_n that_o be_v at_o sea_n they_o can_v know_v the_o approach_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a as_o by_o the_o glare_a light_n which_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o receive_v from_o the_o neighbour_a ice_n 3._o but_o that_o which_o make_v i_o suspect_v that_o there_o may_v in_o this_o account_n be_v some_o mistake_n be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o like_a observation_n in_o any_o of_o the_o voyage_n into_o gelid_a climate_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o peruse_v though_o in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o navigator_n frequent_o mention_v their_o have_v meet_v with_o vast_a rand_n as_o some_o call_v they_o and_o island_n of_o mountainous_a ice_n in_o the_o night_n and_o it_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v the_o complaint_n of_o one_o or_o two_o if_o not_o more_o of_o they_o that_o the_o ship_n lie_v close_o by_o such_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n without_o their_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fog_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a cold_a diffuse_v to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v advertise_v of_o the_o unwelcome_a neighbourhood_n even_o of_o so_o much_o ice_n but_o possible_o the_o approach_n of_o far_o small_a mass_n of_o ice_n will_v have_v be_v sensible_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o climate_n as_o we_o where_o the_o organ_n will_v not_o have_v be_v indispose_v to_o feel_v by_o a_o long_a accustomance_n of_o any_o thing_n near_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o that_o which_o then_o reign_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n 4._o while_o we_o be_v consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o operation_n of_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o the_o very_a near_a distance_n and_o upon_o immediate_a contact_n we_o think_v it_o a_o experiment_n not_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v try_v whether_o though_o ice_n and_o snow_n alone_o that_o be_v unassisted_a by_o salt_n will_v not_o in_o some_o of_o our_o former_o mention_a experiment_n freeze_v water_n through_o the_o thickness_n even_o of_o a_o thin_a glass_n they_o may_v not_o yet_o do_v it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o we_o take_v a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o contain_v water_n for_o some_o hour_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o till_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o mark_v what_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o unfrozen_a water_n and_o then_o remove_v the_o vessel_n to_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o stand_v in_o before_o we_o let_v it_o ãâã_d there_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o ice_n will_v freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a and_o incumbent_a water_n but_o some_o intervening_a accident_n hinder_v we_o from_o be_v able_a to_o derive_v any_o great_a satisfaction_n one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o our_o trial_n 5._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n v._n of_o compensation_n that_o the_o diligent_a olearius_n relate_v that_o at_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a hot_a climate_n and_o though_o it_o seldom_o freeze_v there_o above_o a_o finger_n thick_a and_o the_o ice_n melt_v present_o at_o sunrising_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v conservatory_n which_o they_o furnish_v with_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o good_a thickness_n only_o by_o pour_v at_o night_n great_a store_n of_o water_n at_o convenient_a interval_n of_o time_n upon_o a_o shelve_v floor_n of_o freestone_n or_o marble_n whereon_o as_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o the_o most_o dispose_v of_o its_o part_n be_v in_o their_o passage_n arrest_v and_o freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a ice_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n say_v my_o learned_a author_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o two_o or_o three_o successive_a night_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a thickness_n 6._o we_o several_a time_n give_v order_n to_o have_v this_o experiment_n try_v in_o england_n but_o partly_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o we_o employ_v and_o partly_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o intervening_a circumstance_n our_o expectation_n be_v but_o ill_o answer_v and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o mention_v intervening_a circumstance_n because_o have_v cause_v a_o servant_n to_o pump_v in_o the_o night_n upon_o a_o not_o very_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v lay_v shelve_v upon_o a_o board_n and_o another_o flat_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n lay_v under_o a_o place_n where_o water_n derive_v from_o a_o neighbour_a spring_n be_v wont_n continual_o to_o drop_v he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o last_o name_v place_n the_o ice_n melt_v away_o but_o that_o under_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o increase_v in_o thickness_n by_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o it_o be_v thereby_o rather_o dissolve_v at_o which_o somewhat_o wonder_v i_o go_v in_o the_o morning_n myself_o to_o the_o pump_n and_o cause_v a_o good_a flake_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n place_v under_o it_o i_o observe_v the_o water_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pump_n and_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o ice_n to_o smoke_n as_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_o have_v make_v the_o water_n though_o very_o cold_a to_o the_o touch_n somewhat_o warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o fit_a to_o resolve_v then_o to_o increase_v it_o which_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o suffer_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n to_o stand_v to_o cool_v in_o the_o air_n before_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o though_o the_o neighbour_a air_n be_v as_o i_o find_v by_o manifest_a proof_n so_o cold_a that_o i_o be_v not_o tempt_v to_o impute_v the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o experiment_n rather_o to_o its_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a coldness_n than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o till_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o further_a trial_n i_o can_v ãâã_d more_o to_o the_o persian_a way_n of_o augment_v ice_n but_o to_o proceed_v our_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o a_o unsatisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o experiment_n which_o we_o be_v the_o more_o trouble_v at_o because_o this_o seem_v a_o promise_a way_n of_o try_v that_o which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o experiment_n for_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n must_v be_v serious_o consider_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o divers_a trial_n that_o may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o resolve_v of_o the_o same_o question_n for_o to_o omit_v other_o example_n here_o in_o england_n we_o find_v that_o water_n pour_v on_o snow_n be_v wont_a to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o to_o be_v congeal_v by_o it_o whereas_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o good_a while_n among_o the_o russian_n
he_o inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v their_o usual_a way_n to_o turn_v water_n and_o snow_n into_o ice_n by_o pour_v a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o have_v also_o inquire_v ãâã_d ice_n have_v not_o the_o like_a operation_n he_o tell_v ãâã_d that_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o he_o have_v see_v it_o practise_v in_o ãâã_d to_o cement_v ice_n to_o building_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o also_o to_o case_n over_o body_n as_o it_o be_v with_o ice_n by_o gradual_o throw_v water_n upon_o they_o but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o effect_v be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v bare_o to_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o ice_n because_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o that_o this_o way_n of_o increase_a ice_n be_v practise_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n when_o water_n thin_o spread_v upon_o almost_o any_o other_o body_n will_v be_v freeze_v by_o the_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air._n 7._o the_o glaciation_n that_o nature_n unguided_a by_o art_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v begin_v at_o those_o part_n of_o body_n at_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o they_o freeze_v from_o the_o upper_a towards_o the_o low_a part_n but_o how_o far_o in_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o most_o considerable_a body_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v the_o frost_n will_v pierce_v downward_o though_o for_o some_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v worth_a the_o know_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v define_v because_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o frost_n may_v be_v much_o vary_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o the_o air_n by_o which_o the_o glaciation_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o also_o by_o the_o great_a or_o ãâã_d duration_n of_o the_o frost_n by_o the_o loose_a or_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v imbue_v and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o subjacent_a and_o more_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o of_o which_o send_v 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climate_n the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d less_o into_o the_o ground_n than_o many_o be_v please_v to_o think_v 8._o the_o note_n i_o find_v about_o this_o matter_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v which_o i_o ãâã_d unaltered_a because_o it_o be_v tedious_a and_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o add_v the_o way_n we_o employ_v and_o the_o caution_n we_o use_v in_o make_v the_o observation_n but_o we_o shall_v rather_o intimate_v that_o the_o follow_a trial_n be_v make_v in_o a_o village_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o a_o great_a city_n i._n jan._n 22._o after_o four_o night_n of_o frost_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o very_o hard_a we_o go_v into_o a_o orchard_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v level_a and_o not_o cover_v with_o grass_n and_o find_v by_o dig_v that_o the_o frost_n have_v scarce_o pierce_v into_o the_o ground_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o the_o house_n we_o find_v not_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v freeze_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n beneath_o its_o surface_n ii_o nine_o or_o ten_o night_n successive_a frost_n freeze_v the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o garden_n about_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_a in_o depth_n and_o the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n where_o a_o wall_n ãâã_d it_o from_o the_o south_n sun_n to_o the_o ãâã_d of_o about_o eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_o february_n the_o 9_o we_o dig_v in_o a_o orchard_n near_o a_o wall_n that_o respect_v the_o north_n and_o find_v the_o frost_n to_o have_v ãâã_d the_o ground_n ãâã_d a_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n at_o least_o above_o a_o foot_n ãâã_d ãâã_d the_o eight_o day_n since_o it_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d inch_n and_o a_o half_a a_fw-la slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 18._o inch_n long_o and_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v thrust_v over_o night_n into_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v with_o a_o spit_n straight_o down_o into_o the_o ground_n the_o ãâã_d of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o the_o water_n appear_v freeze_v in_o the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o three_o inch_n but_o from_o this_o stick_n of_o ice_n there_o reach_v downward_o a_o part_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o about_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v ãâã_d though_o it_o be_v a_o exceed_a sharp_a night_n precede_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n that_o have_v be_v very_o lasting_a and_o very_o bitter_a the_o earth_n in_o the_o garden_n where_o this_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o guess_v to_o be_v freeze_v eight_o or_o ten_o inch_n deep_a as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n about_o the_o same_o house_n but_o be_v this_o tube_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n will_v have_v freeze_v it_o quite_o through_o 9_o another_o note_n much_o of_o the_o same_o import_n we_o find_v in_o another_o place_n of_o our_o collection_n find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mildness_n of_o our_o climate_n i_o be_v scarce_o to_o hope_v for_o any_o much_o deep_a congelation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n i_o apply_v myself_o to_o inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v be_v at_o musco_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n there_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n as_o also_o to_o find_v in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n whether_o that_o inquisitive_a navigator_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v inform_v i_o how_o far_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o freeze_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n in_o the_o island_n of_o charleton_n where_o that_o quality_n may_v probable_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v as_o large_a a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o in_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n and_o by_o my_o inquiry_n i_o ãâã_d that_o even_o in_o freeze_a region_n themselves_o a_o congeal_a degree_n of_o cold_a pierce_v nothing_o near_o so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n as_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o the_o traveller_n i_o speak_v with_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o garden_n in_o musco_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o inquire_v about_o he_o find_v not_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v freeze_v much_o above_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o captain_n james_n journal_n the_o most_o that_o i_o find_v and_o that_o too_o where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o prodigious_o tall_a ice_n they_o have_v in_o january_n concern_v the_o pierce_a of_o the_o frost_n into_o the_o ground_n be_v this_o that_o the_o ground_n at_o 63._o tenfoot_o deep_a be_v freeze_v whence_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v gather_v how_o much_o sharp_a cold_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o that_o island_n than_o even_o in_o russia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n he_o do_v in_o another_o place_n occasional_o give_v we_o this_o memorable_a account_n of_o it_o where_o he_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o break_n up_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n that_o surround_v the_o island_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v say_v he_o that_o it_o do_v 86._o not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n the_o rest_n be_v by_o accident_n such_o be_v that_o ice_n that_o you_o may_v see_v here_o six_o fathom_n thick_a this_o we_o have_v manifest_a proof_n of_o by_o our_o dig_v the_o ice_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o by_o dig_v to_o our_o anchor_n before_o the_o ice_n break_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o account_n not_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n i_o forbear_v to_o annex_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o notwithstanding_o our_o late_o mention_a experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n in_o
a_o glass_n tube_n thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o at_o least_o where_o captain_n james_n winter_v the_o water_n be_v not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_o freeze_v as_o the_o earth_n but_o we_o have_v already_o note_v the_o indisposition_n of_o salt-water_n to_o congelation_n and_o whether_o fresh_a water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v deep_o freeze_v may_v be_v just_o doubt_v title_n fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v 1._o in_o examine_v whether_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o medium_n indefinite_o notwithstanding_o their_o compactness_n or_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o texture_n we_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o medium_n of_o too_o great_a thickness_n lest_o we_o mistake_o impute_v that_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o cause_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o the_o medium_fw-la put_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n for_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o we_o make_v our_o experiment_n will_v operate_v but_o at_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n though_o the_o medium_fw-la resist_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n record_v in_o this_o treatise_n this_o premised_a we_o may_v proceed_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v place_v a_o copious_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n in_o pipkin_n glaze_v within_o and_o in_o white_a basin_n glaze_v both_o within_o and_o without_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n of_o both_o those_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n though_o however_o the_o bake_a earth_n have_v not_o be_v compact_v nor_o the_o vitrified_a surface_n of_o a_o very_a close_a texture_n the_o very_a thickness_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v it_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v able_a to_o freeze_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n 2._o by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o freeze_a water_n in_o pewter_n bottle_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o operate_v through_o such_o mettalline_a vessel_n 3._o and_o this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a experiment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a namely_o the_o make_v icy_a cup_n to_o drink_v in_o the_o way_n we_o use_v be_v this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o cup_n of_o latin_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v iron_n reduce_v into_o thin_a plate_n and_o tin_a over_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o cup_n of_o then_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n another_o cup_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o former_a but_o every_o way_n less_o so_o that_o it_o will_v go_v into_o the_o great_a and_o leave_v a_o competent_a interval_n for_o water_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a surface_n and_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o this_o innermost_a cup_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o rim_n or_o lip_n by_o which_o it_o lean_v upon_o the_o great_a and_o by_o who_o help_n its_o side_n and_o bottom_n be_v easy_o place_v at_o a_o just_a and_o even_a distance_n from_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o two_o bottom_n be_v make_v great_a then_o that_o between_o the_o side_n that_o the_o icy_a cup_n may_v stand_v the_o firm_a and_o last_v the_o long_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o part_n of_o this_o mould_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o internal_a cup_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n partly_o to_o freeze_v the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o thereby_o cooperate_v to_o the_o quick_a make_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o partly_o by_o its_o weight_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o buoy_v up_o so_o light_a a_o cup_n the_o external_a part_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n and_o salt_n who_o cold_a so_o powerful_o penetrate_v to_o the_o internal_a metalline_a mould_n that_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o freeze_v and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n be_v disjoin_v appear_v turn_v into_o a_o icy_a cup_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n design_v and_o these_o cup_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v make_v and_o of_o various_a shape_n and_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v at_o hand_n be_v very_o pleasant_a trifle_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n when_o they_o impart_v a_o very_a refresh_a coolness_n to_o the_o drink_n pour_v into_o they_o and_o though_o they_o last_v not_o long_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v employ_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o such_o like_a spirituous_a drink_n in_o yet_o while_o some_o be_v melt_v other_o may_v be_v provide_v and_o so_o the_o loss_n may_v be_v easy_o repair_v all_o the_o difficulty_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o the_o ice_n they_o include_v and_o we_o try_v to_o obviate_v this_o sometime_o by_o anoint_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o some_o unctuous_a and_o not_o offensive_a matter_n to_o hinder_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o sometime_o by_o apply_v some_o convenient_a heat_n both_o to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o external_a and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a piece_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o last_o mention_v way_n be_v quick_a and_o sure_a but_o lessen_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o cup._n we_o be_v late_o inform_v that_o this_o way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n be_v set_v down_o ãâã_d ãâã_d argenis_n and_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o ãâã_d man_n may_v have_v learn_v it_o among_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o italy_n he_o converse_v with_o but_o if_o we_o that_o learn_v it_o from_o none_o of_o they_o have_v not_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o experience_n we_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o try_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o romance_n that_o sort_n of_o composure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v fabulous_a enough_o to_o pass_v but_o for_o poem_n in_o prose_n 4._o the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a mathematician_n erasmus_n bartholinus_n mention_n in_o his_o new_o publish_v discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la ãâã_d a_o experiment_n by_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o some_o master_n of_o nature_n secret_n do_v easy_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n reduce_v water_n into_o air._n for_o they_o put_v a_o little_a snow_n or_o ice_n into_o a_o funnel_n and_o thereby_o so_o refrigerate_v and_o condense_a the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o there_o will_v dew_n trickle_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o funnel_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v hope_v to_o make_v a_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o i_o here_o mention_v this_o experiment_n rather_o because_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a to_o please_v those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a and_o because_o have_v purposely_o try_v it_o in_o large_a and_o thick_a 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hour_n have_v be_v divert_v by_o some_o occasion_n from_o take_v it_o soon_o out_o we_o find_v as_o we_o have_v conjecture_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n continue_v perfect_o fluid_a as_o before_o yet_o the_o bubble_n total_o immerse_v in_o this_o heat_n chemical_a oil_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o not_o except_v that_o which_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o little_a neck_n or_o stalk_v and_o when_o i_o come_v to_o lift_v it_o out_o of_o the_o liquor_n the_o glass_n be_v crack_v as_o we_o suppose_v by_o the_o cold_a the_o string_n bring_v up_o a_o little_a part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o form_n above_o mention_v stay_v behind_o and_o subside_v and_o that_o which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v that_o when_o we_o have_v take_v it_o out_o it_o appear_v cleave_v very_o deep_a from_o the_o outside_n almost_o to_o the_o centre_n according_a to_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o 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but_o such_o as_o eat_v flesh_n as_o bear_n and_o fox_n etc._n etc._n although_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v 4_o 5_o and_o 6._o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o the_o other_o land_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o remember_v what_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n 101._o acosta_n concern_v the_o heat_n and_o cold_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o elsewhere_o when_o i_o pass_v say_v he_o to_o the_o indies_n i_o will_v tell_v what_o chance_v unto_o i_o have_v read_v what_o poet_n and_o philosopher_n write_v of_o the_o burn_a zone_n i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o come_v to_o the_o aequinoctial_a i_o shall_v not_o endure_v the_o violent_a heat_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o for_o when_o i_o pass_v which_o be_v when_o the_o ãâã_d be_v there_o for_o zenith_n be_v enter_v into_o aries_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n i_o feel_v so_o great_a a_o cold_a as_o i_o be_v force_v to_o go_v into_o the_o sun_n to_o warm_v i_o what_o can_v i_o else_o do_v then_o but_o laugh_v at_o aristotle_n meteor_n and_o his_o philosophy_n see_v that_o in_o that_o place_n and_o at_o that_o season_n when_o as_o all_o shall_v be_v scorch_a with_o heat_n according_a to_o his_o rule_n ãâã_d and_o all_o my_o companion_n be_v a_o cold_a in_o truth_n there_o be_v no_o region_n in_o the_o world_n more_o pleasant_a and_o temperate_a then_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a although_o it_o be_v not_o in_o all_o part_n of_o a_o equal_a temperature_n but_o have_v great_a diversity_n the_o burn_a zone_n in_o some_o part_n be_v very_o temperate_a as_o in_o quitto_n and_o on_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n in_o some_o part_n very_o cold_a as_o at_o potosi_n and_o in_o some_o veryhot_n as_o in_o ethiopia_n brasile_n and_o the_o molucque_n and_o within_o two_o chapter_n after_o he_o discourse_v more_o large_o of_o some_o of_o these_o particular_n and_o again_o chapter_n the_o 12._o you_o may_v continual_o say_v he_o see_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o these_o 109._o mountain_n snow_n hail_n and_o freeze_a water_n and_o the_o cold_a so_o bitter_a as_o the_o grass_n be_v all_o wither_a so_o as_o the_o man_n and_o beast_n which_o pass_v that_o way_n be_v benumb_v with_o cold_a this_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v in_o the_o burn_a zone_n and_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o when_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n for_o zenith_n these_o testimony_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n that_o write_v upon_o his_o own_o knowledge_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a produce_v to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o as_o in_o several_a country_n the_o heat_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v to_o the_o nearness_n of_o place_n to_o the_o line_n so_o in_o northern_a region_n the_o cold_a may_v not_o always_o be_v proportionate_a to_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n in_o mr._n hudsons_n second_o voyage_n write_v by_o himself_o he_o mention_n that_o above_o 71._o degree_n though_o they_o be_v much_o pester_v with_o ice_n about_o the_o end_n of_o june_n that_o day_n when_o this_o 578._o happen_v be_v calm_a clear_a and_o hot_a weather_n add_v of_o the_o next_o day_n also_o that_o it_o be_v calm_a hot_a and_o fair_a weather_n and_o acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o we_o see_v these_o difference_n not_o only_o on_o the_o land_n but_o also_o on_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v some_o sea_n where_o they_o feel_v great_a heat_n as_o the_o report_n of_o that_o of_o mazambigus_fw-la and_o ormus_n in_o the_o east_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o panama_n in_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o height_n very_o cold_a as_o that_o of_o peru_n in_o the_o which_o we_o be_v a_o cold_a when_o we_o first_o sail_v it_o which_o be_v in_o march_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v direct_o over_o we_o in_o truth_n on_o this_o continent_n ãâã_d the_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v of_o one_o sort_n we_o can_v imagine_v any_o other_o cause_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o ãâã_d but_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o wind_n that_o ãâã_d refresh_v they_o but_o to_o multiply_v no_o more_o instance_n we_o shall_v 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section_n of_o this_o historical_a treatise_n all_o the_o particular_n that_o i_o know_v to_o belong_v to_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o theme_n as_o will_v ready_o appear_v if_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o insert_v here_o the_o scheme_n of_o article_n of_o inquiry_n that_o i_o draw_v up_o to_o direct_v myself_o what_o inquiry_n and_o experiment_n to_o make_v but_o though_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o those_o head_n to_o which_o i_o can_v say_v so_o little_a that_o i_o judge_v it_o improper_a to_o assign_v they_o distinct_a title_n because_o as_o to_o some_o of_o they_o i_o have_v not_o time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o make_v those_o trial_n which_o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v those_o requisite_n may_v have_v be_v make_v even_o here_o in_o england_n and_o because_o also_o as_o to_o more_o of_o they_o i_o conceive_v myself_o unable_a to_o produce_v in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n so_o strong_a and_o durable_a a_o cold_a as_o seem_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o trial_n that_o may_v 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by_o constriction_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o body_n or_o vitiate_a their_o texture_n or_o arrest_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n hinder_v they_o from_o emit_v those_o effluvia_fw-la that_o we_o call_v odour_n but_o the_o register_n of_o these_o observation_n be_v unhappy_o lose_v in_o one_o of_o my_o late_a remove_n i_o dare_v add_v but_o these_o few_o wherein_o i_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o distrust_v my_o memory_n 3._o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n and_o january_n at_o several_a time_n gather_v differ_v sort_n of_o flower_n in_o frosty_a weather_n but_o in_o most_o when_o they_o be_v fresh_o gather_v and_o hasty_o smell_v to_o i_o can_v scarce_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a smell_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n above_o hinted_a hinder_v the_o expiration_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a steam_n or_o that_o the_o cold_a have_v some_o undiscerned_a influence_n upon_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v which_o make_v the_o sense_n more_o dull_a or_o that_o the_o same_o cold_a 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as_o manifesty_n abate_v and_o last_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o air_n that_o be_v then_o very_o sharp_a till_o it_o be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o discover_v no_o liquor_n when_o the_o vial_n be_v turn_v upside_o down_o the_o ice_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o destitute_a of_o a_o graceful_a and_o genuine_a send_v though_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o faint_a but_o after_o the_o ice_n be_v reduce_v to_o water_n again_o the_o fragrancy_n appear_v considerable_a but_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o subjoin_v this_o caution_n that_o care_n must_v be_v have_v in_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o estimate_n betimes_o for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v stay_v too_o long_o about_o it_o there_o be_v danger_n that_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o breath_n and_o face_n may_v relax_v the_o pore_n or_o thaw_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v hold_v near_o his_o nose_n and_o both_o free_a and_o excite_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o smell_n that_o be_v imprison_v there_o that_o so_o instead_o of_o ice_n he_o may_v smell_v a_o liquor_n the_o reasonableness_n of_o which_o advertisement_n may_v be_v justify_v by_o a_o experiment_n that_o i_o be_o about_o to_o annex_v for_o be_v pretty_a well_o confirm_v by_o the_o casual_a and_o unwilling_a observation_n of_o one_o of_o my_o friend_n curious_a in_o make_v sweet_a water_n that_o even_o liquor_n more_o easy_a to_o be_v spoil_v then_o rose-water_n will_v not_o have_v their_o fragrancy_n destroy_v though_o perhaps_o impair_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o their_o odour_n for_o the_o time_n quite_o imprison_v and_o suppress_v by_o congelation_n and_o this_o appear_a congruous_a to_o what_o i_o former_o note_v of_o the_o effluvium_n that_o may_v by_o the_o decrement_n of_o weight_n be_v gather_v to_o issue_v from_o ice_n itself_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v whether_o stink_a liquor_n will_v not_o be_v more_o alter_v by_o congelation_n then_o odoriferous_a one_o and_o according_o have_v procure_v some_o rain_n water_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o tub_n till_o it_o stink_v so_o strong_o that_o i_o can_v hardly_o endure_v it_o near_o my_o nose_n i_o cause_v a_o pottinger_n ãâã_d of_o it_o to_o be_v expose_v all_o night_n to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n and_o examine_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n when_o it_o be_v all_o turn_v into_o ice_n neither_o i_o nor_o some_o other_o to_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v can_v perceive_v any_o stink_n at_o all_o in_o it_o and_o have_v in_o another_o place_n but_o with_o as_o stink_a water_n repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o the_o pottinger_n be_v the_o next_o morning_n bring_v to_o my_o bed_n side_n i_o find_v it_o to_o smell_v abominable_o whereupon_o guess_v that_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o some_o thaw_n make_v by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o room_n in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v so_o indeed_o partly_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o light_n which_o discover_v a_o little_a liquor_n upon_o the_o ice_n and_o partly_o by_o expose_v the_o vessel_n with_o that_o liquor_n in_o it_o to_o the_o cold_a air_n again_o by_o who_o operation_n a_o ice_n be_v produce_v that_o be_v perfect_o inodorous_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o of_o these_o parcel_n of_o ice_n be_v thaw_v seem_v to_o be_v less_o stink_a then_o before_o season_n it_o have_v be_v freeze_v and_o if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v divert_v i_o shall_v have_v try_v whether_o this_o ice_n that_o do_v not_o emit_v odour_n will_v emit_v like_o other_o ice_n effluvia_fw-la discoverable_a by_o the_o scale_n for_o whether_o the_o ice_n will_v lose_v of_o its_o weight_n which_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a or_o will_v not_o the_o event_n may_v afford_v a_o not_o inconsiderable_a hint_n 5._o it_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o only_o remarkable_a
but_o scarce_o credible_a that_o though_o the_o cold_a have_v such_o strange_a and_o tragical_a effect_n at_o musco_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o cold_a country_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v especial_o a_o little_a after_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o 18._o and_o somewhere_o in_o the_o 19_o section_n yet_o this_o happen_v to_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o themselves_z who_o not_o only_o by_o live_v in_o such_o a_o country_n must_v be_v accustom_v to_o bitter_a cold_n but_o who_o to_o harden_v themselves_o to_o the_o cold_a have_v use_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o bring_v themselves_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a from_o no_o less_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n without_o any_o visible_a prejudice_n to_o their_o health_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n whether_o the_o report_n of_o our_o merchant_n concern_v this_o strange_a custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o livonian_o be_v 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take_v notice_n of_o be_v able_a to_o vary_v their_o success_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o section_n about_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n by_o freeze_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v cause_v some_o strong_a glass-bottle_n of_o a_o not_o inconsiderable_a bignéss_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o congealable_a liquor_n except_v the_o neck_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o salad_n oil_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o a_o somewhat_o long_o and_o very_o sharp_a frost_n the_o contain_v water_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n that_o it_o not_o only_o thrust_v up_o the_o cork_n but_o the_o cold_a have_v take_v away_o the_o defluency_n of_o the_o oil_n that_o liquor_n together_o with_o the_o water_n that_o can_v no_o long_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o it_o seem_v freeze_v as_o fast_o as_o it_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o the_o neck_n there_o appear_v quite_o above_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bottle_n cylinder_n of_o 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northern_a fisherman_n employ_v so_o much_o pain_n and_o industry_n to_o fish_n under_o the_o ice_n and_o have_v say_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fish_n exact_v it_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n that_o nisi_fw-la glacie_n perforata_fw-la respiracula_fw-la moriuntur_fw-la susciperent_fw-la quotquot_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la vel_fw-la stagno_fw-la versantur_fw-la subito_fw-la morerentur_fw-la another_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o take_v likewise_o out_o of_o the_o same_o 20._o book_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o margin_n though_o in_o another_o place_n he_o seem_v to_o intimate_v another_o and_o not_o a_o absurd_a reason_n of_o the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o winter_n where_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o pond_n and_o lake_n do_v general_o begin_v to_o freeze_v in_o etc._n october_n he_o add_v that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o the_o thaw_v come_v where_o vein_n or_o spring_n of_o live_v water_n do_v not_o enter_v by_o which_o passage_n he_o seem_v to_o make_v the_o want_n of_o shift_a water_n cooperate_v to_o the_o suffocation_n of_o the_o fish_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o learned_a native_a that_o have_v have_v about_o cracovia_n who_o territory_n be_v say_v to_o abound_v much_o in_o pond_n whether_o the_o polander_n also_o use_v the_o same_o custom_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o sometime_o in_o large_a pond_n they_o be_v careful_a to_o break_v the_o ice_n in_o eight_o or_o ten_o several_a place_n to_o make_v so_o many_o either_o vent_v or_o air-hole_n for_o the_o preservation_n as_o they_o suppose_v of_o the_o fish_n and_o when_o i_o inquire_v of_o the_o often_o mention_a russian_a emperor_n physician_n whether_o in_o muscovy_n the_o frost_n kill_v the_o fish_n in_o the_o pond_n in_o case_n the_o ice_n be_v not_o break_v to_o give_v they_o air_n he_o answer_v that_o in_o ordinary_a pond_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o great_a lake_n he_o can_v not_o tell_v because_o the_o fisherman_n use_v to_o break_v many_o great_a hole_n in_o the_o ice_n for_o the_o take_n of_o the_o fish_n for_o at_o each_o of_o these_o hole_n they_o thrust_v in_o a_o net_n and_o all_o these_o net_n be_v draw_v up_o together_o in_o one_o great_a breach_n make_v insome_a convenient_a place_n near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o rest_n it_o appear_v then_o that_o the_o tradition_n be_v general_a enough_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v well_o ground_v i_o dare_v not_o determine_v either_o affirmative_o or_o negative_o till_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v in_o pond_n with_o more_o of_o design_n or_o of_o curiosity_n and_o watchfulness_n than_o i_o have_v know_v hitherto_o do_v man_n seem_v to_o have_v acquiesce_v in_o the_o tradition_n without_o examine_v it_o and_o to_o have_v be_v more_o careful_a not_o to_o omit_v what_o be_v general_o believe_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o fish_n then_o to_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v escape_v without_o it_o wherefore_o though_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v the_o tradition_n may_v prove_v true_a yet_o to_o induce_v man_n not_o to_o think_v it_o certain_a till_o experience_n have_v due_o convince_v they_o of_o it_o i_o shall_v represent_v that_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o other_o treatise_n manifest_v how_o necessary_a air_n be_v to_o animal_n yet_o whether_o fish_n may_v not_o live_v either_o without_o air_n or_o without_o any_o more_o of_o it_o than_o they_o may_v find_v intersperse_v in_o the_o water_n they_o swim_v in_o have_v not_o yet_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v for_o what_o we_o have_v attempt_v of_o that_o nature_n in_o our_o pneumatical_a engine_n whether_o it_o be_v satisfactory_a or_o not_o be_v not_o yet_o divulge_v and_o i_o remember_v not_o to_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o any_o writer_n except_o olaus_n be_v construe_v to_o intimate_v so_o much_o that_o affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o observation_n that_o the_o want_n of_o break_v ice_n in_o pond_n have_v destroy_v all_o the_o fish_n beside_o that_o possible_o in_o freeze_a pond_n there_o may_v be_v other_o reason_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o fish_n that_o be_v kill_v if_o any_o store_n of_o they_o be_v so_o by_o very_o sharp_a frost_n for_o who_o know_v what_o the_o lock_v up_o of_o some_o kind_n of_o subterraneal_a steam_n that_o be_v wont_n free_o to_o ascend_v through_o water_n unfrozen_a may_v do_v to_o vitiate_v and_o infect_v the_o unventulate_v water_n and_o make_v it_o noxious_a to_o the_o fish_n that_o live_v in_o it_o perhaps_o also_o the_o excrementitious_a steam_n that_o insensible_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fish_n themselves_o may_v by_o be_v pen_v up_o by_o the_o ice_n contribute_v in_o some_o case_n to_o the_o vitiate_a of_o the_o water_n at_o least_o in_o reference_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o fish_n for_o be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v from_o a_o person_n curious_a of_o the_o way_n of_o preserve_v and_o transport_v fish_n whether_o some_o fish_n will_v not_o quick_o languish_v grow_v sick_a and_o sometime_o die_v outright_o if_o the_o water_n they_o swim_v in_o be_v not_o often_o shift_v he_o assure_v i_o that_o some_o kind_n of_o they_o will_v and_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o that_o i_o hear_v of_o be_v try_v whether_o or_o no_o though_o pond_n seldom_o freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n yet_o the_o water_n that_o remain_v under_o the_o ice_n in_o which_o itself_o some_o fish_n may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o intercept_v may_v not_o even_o while_o it_o continue_v uncongeal_v admit_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o though_o not_o great_a enough_o to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n may_v yet_o be_v great_a enough_o when_o it_o continue_v very_o long_o to_o destroy_v fish_n though_o not_o immediate_o yet_o within_o a_o less_o space_n of_o time_n then_o that_o during_o which_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o pond_n continue_v freeze_v but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o be_v solicitous_a about_o conjecture_n of_o cause_n till_o we_o be_v sure_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n and_o these_o thing_n be_v propose_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o trial_n which_o have_v no_o opportunity_n to_o make_v in_o pond_n i_o endeavour_v as_o well_o this_o winter_n as_o former_o to_o obtain_v what_o information_n i_o can_v from_o trial_n make_v in_o small_a vessel_n with_o the_o few_o fish_n i_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v and_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v most_o of_o these_o trial_n not_o because_o i_o think_v they_o very_o considerable_a but_o because_o they_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v the_o only_a attempt_n of_o the_o kind_n that_o have_v yet_o be_v make_v to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o ice_n deny_v
shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o upper_a deck_n to_o continue_v as_o yet_o all_o firm_a freeze_a though_o 47._o it_o be_v then_o the_o month_n of_o may._n when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a proportion_n in_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v aground_o instead_o of_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n mention_v by_o gerard_n de_fw-fr veer_v to_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a the_o passage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v be_v this_o other_o hard_a by_o which_o contain_v two_o example_n of_o tower_n of_o ice_n where_o the_o extant_a part_n reach_v upward_o more_o than_o half_a as_o much_o as_o the_o immersed_a part_n reach_v downward_o we_o see_v say_v he_o another_o 487_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n not_o far_o from_o we_o lie_v fast_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v as_o sharp_a above_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tower_n whereunto_o we_o row_v and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n we_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 20._o fathom_n fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 12._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n we_o row_v to_o another_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n and_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 18._o fathom_n deep_a fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 10._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n that_o snow_n lie_v long_o and_o too_o long_o on_o the_o ground_n do_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o fertilize_n of_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n of_o our_o husbandman_n and_o bartholinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o use_n of_o snow_n bring_v several_a passage_n out_o of_o author_n to_o make_v it_o good_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o learned_a english_a ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o hasty_a growth_n of_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o russia_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o 415._o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o flesh_n congeal_v but_o also_o those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v occult_a and_o among_o the_o quality_n of_o this_o sort_n i_o have_v particular_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o purge_a faculty_n of_o cathartic_o will_v be_v advance_v or_o impair_v or_o destroy_v by_o congelation_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v expose_v thereunto_o divers_a purge_v liquor_n some_o of_o a_o more_o benign_a and_o some_o of_o a_o brisk_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o differ_v form_n as_o of_o syrup_n decoction_n infusion_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o want_v of_o opportunity_n to_o try_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n what_o change_v the_o cold_a have_v make_v in_o the_o purge_a liquor_n it_o have_v congeal_v i_o be_v unable_a to_o give_v myself_o a_o account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o such_o experiment_n only_o since_o in_o some_o of_o these_o trial_n i_o have_v a_o care_n to_o make_v use_n of_o cathartick_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o fermentation_n which_o way_n of_o prepare_v they_o be_v itself_o a_o thing_n i_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v prosecute_v i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o fermentation_n be_v so_o noble_a and_o important_a a_o subject_n that_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o it_o may_v deserve_v a_o particular_a inquiry_n and_o i_o be_o invite_v to_o think_v that_o that_o influence_n may_v be_v very_o considerable_a partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v upon_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v both_o that_o raisin_n and_o water_n with_o which_o i_o be_v use_v to_o make_v artificial_a wine_n do_v not_o in_o many_o day_n while_o the_o weather_n be_v very_o frosty_a so_o much_o as_o manifest_o begin_v to_o ferment_n though_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v fluid_a and_o partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v that_o beer_n will_v continue_v as_o it_o be_v new_a and_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v as_o they_o call_v it_o ready_a to_o drink_v much_o long_a than_o one_o will_v ready_o suspect_v if_o very_o frosty_a weather_n supervene_v before_o it_o have_v quite_o finish_v its_o fermentation_n insomuch_o that_o a_o experience_a person_n of_o who_o i_o afterward_o inquire_v about_o this_o matter_n assure_v i_o that_o beer_n not_o due_o ripe_a will_v not_o sometime_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n of_o very_o frosty_a weather_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v as_o ripe_a as_o in_o one_o week_n of_o warm_a and_o friendly_a weather_n but_o we_o have_v a_o noble_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o intelligent_a frenchman_n who_o i_o consult_v about_o this_o matter_n for_o according_a to_o this_o experience_a person_n the_o way_n to_o keep_v wine_n in_o the_o must_v in_o which_o state_n its_o sweetness_n make_v it_o desire_v by_o many_o be_v to_o take_v new_o express_v juice_n of_o grape_n and_o have_v turn_v it_o up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o work_v to_o let_v down_o the_o vessel_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_o close_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o deep_a well_o or_o river_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v in_o the_o constitution_n it_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o state_n and_o for_o divers_a month_n continue_v a_o sweet_a and_o not_o yet_o ferment_v liquor_n which_o some_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a and_o latin_n call_v in_o one_o word_n must._n and_o how_o by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a well_o apply_v some_o other_o juice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v early_o and_o to_o be_v thereby_o soon_o spoil_v may_v be_v long_o keep_v from_o work_v the_o reader_n may_v perchance_o learn_v in_o
another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o congelation_n as_o by_o distillation_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o ordinary_a frost_n of_o this_o country_n can_v produce_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o division_n and_o separation_n in_o body_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o though_o have_v purposely_o hang_v out_o a_o glass-bottle_n with_o a_o quart_n of_o beer_n in_o it_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o sharp_a night_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beer_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o near_o the_o middle_n but_o near_o the_o bottom_n a_o uncongealed_a liquor_n which_o to_o i_o and_o other_o seem_v strong_a than_o the_o beer_n and_o be_v at_o least_o manifest_o strong_a than_o the_o thaw_a ice_n which_o make_v but_o a_o spiritless_a and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o dead_a drink_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o trial_n my_o success_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o some_o will_v have_v expect_v for_o have_v put_v one_o part_n of_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o about_o five_o or_o six_o part_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o common_a water_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n and_o place_v that_o in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o mixture_n be_v in_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o ice_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o even_o two_o liquor_n so_o slight_o mingle_v be_v any_o thing_n accurate_o sever_v from_o one_o another_o although_o once_o to_o enable_v myself_o the_o better_a to_o judge_v of_o it_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o employ_v be_v beforehand_o deep_o tinct_a with_o cochinele_n and_o therefore_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n that_o in_o claret_n wine_n i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o exact_a separation_n of_o the_o red_a and_o the_o colourless_a part_n however_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v how_o far_o in_o some_o other_o liquor_n this_o way_n of_o separate_v the_o waterish_a and_o more_o easy_o congealable_a part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o oleaginous_a part_n of_o milk_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o though_o once_o the_o frost_n seem_v to_o have_v promote_v a_o separation_n of_o creme_a notwithstanding_o that_o heat_n also_o may_v do_v it_o and_o though_o another_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n of_o part_n make_v by_o congelation_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n they_o prove_v not_o satisfactory_a no_o more_o than_o do_v some_o attempt_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o blood_n by_o freeze_a it_o but_o notwithstanding_o these_o discouragement_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o i_o can_v do_v upon_o brine_n for_o call_v to_o mind_n the_o relation_n mention_v in_o the_o xv._n title_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n may_v be_v thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n and_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v it_o worth_a trial_n by_o a_o physician_n i_o since_o happen_v to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o fall_v through_o some_o of_o the_o pure_o aqueous_a part_n exhale_v away_o wherefore_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o common_a salt_n in_o 44._o time_n its_o weight_n of_o common_a water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v either_o exact_o or_o near_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o have_v be_v by_o several_a writer_n observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o our_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o have_v likewise_o cause_v another_o and_o much_o strong_a brine_n to_o be_v make_v by_o put_v in_o to_o the_o water_n a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o salt_n for_o so_o there_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o salt_n spring_v we_o expose_v these_o several_a solution_n to_o the_o congeal_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n where_o the_o last_o mention_v solution_n be_v too_o strong_o impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n continue_v some_o day_n and_o night_n altogether_o uncongeal_v but_o that_o weak_a solution_n which_o emulate_v sea_n water_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o shallow_a and_o wide_o mouth_v vessel_n that_o shape_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o proper_a we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o design_n the_o large_a superficies_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v afford_v we_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n expose_v again_o to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o obtain_v a_o second_o cake_n of_o ice_n and_o take_v the_o remain_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v indispose_v enough_o to_o congelation_n we_o find_v that_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o that_o which_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o first_o cake_n of_o ice_n permit_v to_o thaw_v there_o appear_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o ice_n be_v resolve_v scarce_o taste_v so_o much_o as_o brackish_a whereas_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v continue_v uncongeal_v be_v considerable_o salt_n in_o taste_n and_o if_o i_o have_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o examine_v myself_o these_o two_o liquor_n hydrostatical_o as_o i_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o their_o weight_n i_o shall_v have_v discover_v precise_o enough_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o which_o the_o person_n i_o employ_v find_v to_o be_v considerable_a and_o consequent_o shall_v have_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a towards_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o brine_n from_o its_o superfluous_a water_n but_o though_o i_o have_v not_o a_o quantity_n of_o ice_n great_a enough_o to_o satisfy_v i_o whether_o that_o little_a brackishness_n of_o taste_n i_o have_v mention_v proceed_v from_o some_o saline_a corpuscle_n that_o concur_v to_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o ice_n itself_o or_o do_v only_o adhere_v
to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o some_o glass_n or_o other_o smooth_a body_n that_o will_v not_o imbibe_n water_n for_o thereby_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v exceed_o extenuate_v and_o how_o much_o such_o a_o thinness_n or_o want_n of_o depth_n may_v dispose_v a_o liquor_n to_o be_v speedy_o penetrate_v and_o congeal_v by_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v guess_v by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o section_n out_o of_o olearius_n of_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_a ice_n in_o persia_n by_o make_v water_n thin_o diffuse_v itself_o over_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n or_o some_o other_o apt_o figure_v and_o very_o cold_a body_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o will_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o to_o three_o chimney_n common_o furnish_v with_o fire_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o wash_v they_o be_v thin_o spread_v with_o a_o mop_n will_v present_o congeal_v though_o they_o assure_v i_o it_o be_v hot_a when_o it_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v lay_v ãâã_d and_o cover_v the_o stair_n with_o glossy_a film_n of_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n that_o the_o water_n which_o drop_v down_o from_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o pump_n be_v so_o well_o congeal_v as_o it_o be_v slide_n away_o that_o the_o ice_n thus_o arrest_v in_o its_o passage_n in_o which_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o it_o spread_v itself_o very_o thin_o have_v raise_v a_o kind_n of_o icy_a pyramid_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o height_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o due_a place_n and_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o here_o that_o when_o i_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o those_o that_o want_v nice_a ãâã_d or_o distrust_v their_o skill_n to_o use_v they_o whence_o that_o ice_n come_v that_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n put_v to_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o difficult_a to_o pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o common_a water_n be_v the_o liquor_n employ_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o afford_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o ice_n in_o question_n be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o employ_v liquor_n that_o be_v spirituous_a or_o saline_a it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v do_v indeed_o come_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a egg_n though_o the_o shell_n do_v not_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n because_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o frost_n come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o egg_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o spirituous_a or_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherefore_o as_o a_o expedient_a i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v find_v incongealable_a by_o the_o great_a cold_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o climate_n and_o which_o yet_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o three_o paragraph_n of_o the_o xvi_o title_n be_v more_o indispose_v then_o common_a water_n itself_o to_o thaw_v any_o icy_a efflorescence_n that_o may_v be_v emit_v by_o the_o egg._n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v without_o uniformity_n in_o the_o success_n for_o the_o first_o time_n i_o put_v a_o freeze_a egg_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o any_o ice_n be_v produce_v on_o the_o outside_n neither_o be_v the_o event_n differ_v when_o another_o time_n i_o put_v two_o freeze_a egg_n together_o into_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o that_o oil_n though_o to_o refrigerate_v the_o liquor_n the_o vessel_n be_v for_o a_o while_n place_v upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n and_o though_o also_o the_o eggshell_n at_o their_o gape_a crack_n produce_v by_o congelation_n discover_v that_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v well_o freeze_v i_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n another_o time_n want_v ice_n to_o do_v it_o then_o because_o that_o once_o when_o during_o the_o trial_n i_o be_v hinder_v from_o watch_v it_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n who_o i_o order_v to_o look_v after_o it_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o egg_n that_o be_v put_v to_o thaw_v in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v there_o obtain_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v ready_o have_v believe_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o a_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v make_v myself_o in_o two_o egg_n that_o be_v freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o thaw_v be_v it_o not_o that_o one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mistake_n dip_v in_o water_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v oil_n some_o reader_n may_v have_v expect_v to_o find_v among_o the_o example_n recite_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n that_o strange_a story_n which_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a part_n of_o that_o experiment_n i_o be_v somewhat_o surprise_v at_o the_o success_n for_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n which_o though_o in_o its_o kind_n very_o tender_a may_v be_v probable_o presume_v to_o be_v less_o so_o than_o a_o thermoscope_n make_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n such_o as_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o forecited_a paragraph_n i_o find_v that_o if_o i_o continue_v to_o blow_v any_o thing_n long_o and_o brisk_o the_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o circumstance_n i_o therefore_o name_n because_o possible_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o may_v somewhat_o alter_v the_o case_n will_v sometime_o manifest_o enough_o subside_o and_o in_o that_o paragraph_n of_o the_o
i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o confess_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o laziness_n and_o credulity_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v so_o long_o and_o general_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a this_o i_o say_v because_o i_o be_v possible_o the_o first_o that_o have_v have_v both_o the_o curiosity_n and_o boldness_n to_o examine_v so_o general_a and_o constant_a a_o tradition_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o you_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o for_o as_o great_a as_o popular_a a_o error_n for_o to_o let_v you_o manifest_o see_v how_o little_a the_o incalescence_n of_o the_o quicklime_n need_v be_v allow_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n if_o instead_o of_o cold_a water_n you_o quench_v it_o with_o hot_a water_n the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o only_o be_v as_o great_a as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a but_o 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cold_a i_o have_v also_o take_v pleasure_n to_o try_v by_o pour_v acid_n spirit_n and_o particular_o spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o good_a quicklime_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o will_v be_v a_o far_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n excite_v then_o if_o i_o have_v instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n use_v common_a water_n and_o this_o whether_o i_o employ_v the_o spirit_n cold_a or_o hot_a for_o in_o either_o case_n so_o small_a a_o portion_n as_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n of_o lime_n put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n will_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o little_a spirit_n of_o salt_n put_v to_o it_o by_o degree_n both_o hiss_n and_o smoke_n and_o boil_v very_o surprise_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o matter_n will_v conceive_v so_o great_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n and_o to_o show_v some_o friend_n how_o little_a heat_n excite_v in_o quicklime_n by_o cold_a water_n proceed_v bare_o from_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cause_v a_o parcel_n of_o good_a lime_n to_o be_v beat_v small_a and_o put_v one_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n i_o drench_v it_o plentiful_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n more_o than_o it_o will_v imbibe_n and_o the_o other_o portion_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o likewise_o drench_v with_o common_a water_n both_o these_o liquor_n have_v stand_v in_o the_o same_o room_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o same_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o coldness_n the_o event_n of_o this_o trial_n be_v what_o i_o look_v for_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n notwithstanding_o its_o actual_a coldness_n and_o the_o great_a subtlety_n and_o piercingness_n of_o part_n which_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o chemical_a oil_n be_v of_o a_o incongruous_a texture_n seem_v not_o to_o make_v any_o dissolution_n of_o the_o powder_a lime_n and_o do_v not_o for_o several_a hour_n that_o i_o keep_v it_o produce_v that_o i_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a heat_n in_o the_o lime_n whereas_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o lime_n that_o part_n of_o it_o on_o which_o common_a water_n have_v be_v pour_v do_v after_o a_o little_a while_n conceive_v so_o strong_a a_o heat_n that_o it_o break_v a_o large_a openmouth'd-glass_n into_o who_o bottom_n it_o be_v put_v and_o not_o only_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n but_o send_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n though_o that_o be_v considerable_o distant_a from_o the_o lime_n a_o copious_a white_a fume_n so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o well_o suffer_v the_o hold_n of_o my_o hand_n over_o it_o and_o to_o prevent_v a_o possible_a though_o invalid_a objection_n which_o i_o foresee_v may_v be_v draw_v against_o the_o experiment_n make_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o the_o oleaginous_a nature_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cover_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o quicklime_n i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o with_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o though_o i_o leave_v they_o together_o all_o night_n yet_o i_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o liquor_n have_v at_o all_o slack_v the_o lime_n which_o continue_v in_o a_o entire_a lump_n till_o upon_o the_o substitute_n of_o common_a water_n it_o do_v as_o i_o remember_v quick_o appear_v to_o be_v slack_v since_o it_o fall_v asunder_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o minute_n white_a powder_n which_o be_v bate_v the_o colour_n almost_o like_o mud_n and_o will_v easy_o by_o a_o little_a shake_n be_v disperse_v like_v it_o through_o the_o water_n 15._o eleutherius_fw-la i_o ingenious_o confess_v to_o you_o carneades_n that_o what_o you_o say_v surprise_v i_o for_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o try_v myself_o so_o acknowledge_v a_o experiment_n be_v not_o able_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v so_o unanimous_o and_o confident_o deliver_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a the_o falsity_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v 16._o carneades_n for_o my_o part_n eleutherius_fw-la i_o confess_v i_o be_o wont_a to_o doubt_v of_o what_o they_o teach_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o doubt_v and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v forgive_v i_o if_o have_v find_v a_o assertion_n so_o general_a and_o uncontrolled_a of_o a_o falsity_n so_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v i_o be_v inclinable_a to_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o other_o inferior_a tradition_n about_o antiperistasis_n and_o of_o these_o i_o will_v mention_v the_o two_o chief_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o modern_n for_o be_v contrive_v experiment_n i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o believe_v they_o come_v not_o from_o aristotle_n nor_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n that_o comment_v upon_o he_o 17._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o freeze_a a_o pot_n to_o a_o joynt-stool_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o intend_v the_o cold_a as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n that_o stagnate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stool_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot._n but_o how_o little_a need_n there_o be_v of_o antiperistasis_n in_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v guess_v by_o this_o that_o i_o have_v purposely_o make_v it_o with_o good_a success_n in_o a_o place_n in_o which_o there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o probable_o have_v be_v a_o fire_n the_o room_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o chimney_n and_o this_o trial_n of_o i_o i_o can_v confirm_v by_o divers_a other_o experiment_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o that_o this_o one_o be_v sufficient_a 18._o i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n and_o for_o who_o i_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n according_a to_o these_o if_o you_o take_v a_o somewhat_o 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ready_o diffuse_v in_o imperceptible_a particle_n through_o the_o air_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o the_o open_n of_o issue_n in_o some_o man_n arm_n that_o though_o no_o smoke_n be_v visible_a in_o summer_n it_o will_v be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o exceed_v sharp_a weather_n though_o man_n arm_n at_o least_o the_o external_a part_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v less_o heat_n in_o frosty_a weather_n then_o in_o summer_n since_o in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o season_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v manifest_o more_o slender_a the_o fleshy_a part_n and_o juice_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air._n and_o though_o the_o insensible_a transpiration_n that_o continual_o exhale_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v visible_a here_o even_o in_o winter_n yet_o in_o extreme_o cold_a country_n as_o nova_n zembla_n or_o charleton_n island_n those_o effluvia_fw-la have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o to_o be_v thicken_v but_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n itself_o sometime_o within_o the_o seaman_n shoe_n and_o here_o in_o england_n have_v not_o long_o since_o employ_v a_o labour_a man_n to_o dig_v a_o deep_a hole_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n two_o servant_n of_o i_o that_o stand_v by_o to_o see_v he_o work_v do_v both_o of_o they_o assure_v i_o when_o they_o return_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o his_o heat_a body_n be_v freeze_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o waistcoat_n which_o one_o of_o they_o while_o the_o other_o be_v about_o to_o give_v i_o notice_n of_o it_o inconsiderate_o wipe_v off_o 43._o and_o since_o we_o see_v how_o fast_o the_o water_n in_o pond_n and_o ditch_n waste_n and_o decrease_v in_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o do_v then_o continual_o emit_v exhalation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o much_o more_o ãâã_d then_o in_o winter_n which_o may_v be_v manifest_o confirm_v by_o this_o that_o in_o the_o summer_n one_o shall_v often_o see_v in_o the_o morning_n or_o evening_n the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n cover_v with_o a_o mist_n or_o smoke_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o it_o and_o i_o have_v sometime_o take_v pleasure_n to_o see_v this_o aggregate_v of_o exhalation_n hover_v over_o the_o water_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v another_o river_n of_o a_o light_a liquor_n that_o conform_v itself_o for_o a_o considerable_a way_n to_o the_o breadth_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o stream_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o water_n in_o summer_n time_n be_v at_o least_o as_o warm_v at_o noon_n when_o such_o exhalation_n be_v not_o visible_a as_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o be_v though_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a at_o this_o part_n of_o the_o day_n then_o at_o that_o which_o observation_n give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n 44._o and_o though_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o it_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o smoke_a water_n of_o spring_n may_v be_v real_o warm_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o deliver_v about_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o warm_a subterraneal_a vapour_n by_o the_o frost_n and_o snow_n and_o rain_n that_o make_v the_o earth_n less_o perspirable_a in_o winter_n 45._o and_o because_o i_o know_v themistius_n will_v look_v upon_o a_o thing_n so_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o earth_n as_o a_o paradox_n i_o will_v take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o add_v a_o further_a confirmation_n to_o what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v 46._o and_o first_o that_o there_o arise_v copious_a and_o warm_a steam_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v not_o only_o by_o what_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o hangarian_a mine_n but_o by_o the_o common_a complaint_n of_o digger_n in_o most_o though_o not_o in_o all_o deep_a mine_n that_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o trouble_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v by_o sudden_a damp_n which_o do_v frequent_o so_o stuff_v up_o and_o thicken_v the_o subterraneal_a air_n that_o they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n but_o able_a to_o extinguish_v the_o lamp_n and_o candle_n that_o the_o miner_n use_v to_o give_v they_o light_n to_o work_v by_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v visit_v mine_n where_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o digger_n whether_o those_o hot_a exhalation_n that_o compose_v their_o damp_n do_v not_o sometime_o actual_o take_v fire_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o some_o of_o their_o pit_n and_o particular_o in_o one_o that_o they_o show_v i_o though_o not_o in_o all_o they_o do_v insomuch_o that_o the_o exhalation_n sudden_o kindle_v will_v make_v a_o report_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n like_o a_o musket_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n and_o the_o flame_n will_v actual_o burn_v off_o the_o hair_n and_o scorch_v the_o skin_n of_o ãâã_d workman_n that_o do_v not_o seasonable_o get_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n when_o the_o exhalation_n appear_v to_o be_v near_o a_o ascension_n or_o do_v not_o nimble_o fall_v down_o flat_a with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o flame_n be_v go_v out_o and_o one_o of_o these_o workman_n that_o i_o ask_v affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v be_v several_a time_n to_o he_o no_o small_a trouble_n so_o burn_v and_o that_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o twice_o in_o one_o day_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o to_o morinus_n very_o probable_a that_o those_o great_a quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o meteor_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o winter_n may_v rather_o consist_v of_o these_o subterraneal_a steam_n than_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n attract_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o at_o least_o may_v as_o much_o consist_v of_o the_o former_a as_o the_o latter_a 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upon_o the_o unwary_a open_n of_o the_o door_n of_o cellar_n that_o have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v there_o will_v sally_v out_o a_o warm_a smoke_n and_o very_o thick_a almost_o like_o that_o of_o a_o furnace_n and_o sometime_o the_o steam_n that_o issue_v out_o will_v be_v so_o gross_a and_o plentiful_a that_o it_o have_v bring_v man_n into_o danger_n of_o be_v suffocate_v by_o it_o 51._o and_o now_o gentleman_n have_v show_v that_o though_o experience_v be_v so_o confident_o appeal_v to_o by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o she_o have_v not_o hitherto_o afford_v they_o any_o thing_n that_o much_o favour_n their_o cause_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v that_o she_o bear_v witness_n against_o it_o for_o beside_o that_o some_o passage_n of_o my_o late_a discourse_n do_v real_o contain_v phaenomena_n that_o not_o only_o do_v not_o favour_v antiperistasis_n but_o may_v just_o be_v employ_v as_o experiment_n against_o it_o i_o shall_v ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v present_v you_o with_o something_o which_o i_o necessitate_a experience_n to_o supply_v i_o with_o that_o seem_v express_o to_o overthrow_v it_o 52._o i_o may_v urge_v against_o those_o who_o though_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n will_v establish_v a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o what_o they_o call_v a_o fuga_fw-la contrarii_fw-la that_o the_o very_a instance_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o bring_v for_o their_o opinion_n may_v be_v retort_v upon_o they_o for_o when_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o winter_n the_o heat_n to_o fly_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n retire_v itself_o into_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o harbour_v in_o cellar_n and_o well_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o smoke_n of_o water_n draw_v from_o deep_a well_n which_o argue_v its_o heat_n the_o vapour_n which_o fly_v away_o be_v as_o vapour_n hot_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v by_o demand_v why_o if_o the_o heat_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o a_o smoke_a bucket_n of_o water_n have_v the_o wit_n or_o instinct_n to_o fly_v from_o its_o contrary_a it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o bucket_n as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v in_o the_o well_o retire_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v from_o the_o surround_v cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o instead_o of_o retire_v to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n those_o be_v remote_a from_o that_o it_o needless_o fly_v abroad_o with_o the_o vapour_n it_o excite_v and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n cast_v itself_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o shall_v shun_v and_o indeed_o what_o i_o just_a now_o mention_v to_o you_o as_o relate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n collins_n do_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o keep_v cellar_n warm_a abide_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o winter_n be_v 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air_n turn_v into_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o liquor_n be_v 21._o the_o reason_n why_o cold_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o remiss_a in_o rainy_a or_o cloudy_a weather_n then_o in_o that_o which_o be_v more_o clear_a be_v not_o better_o give_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n then_o by_o some_o other_o that_o have_v write_v before_o he_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o i_o have_v see_v great_a frost_n and_o last_a enough_o in_o cloudy_a and_o sometime_o very_o dark_a weather_n that_o which_o he_o talk_v of_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o strong_a in_o clear_a weather_n then_o in_o cloudy_a be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n since_o common_a experience_n show_v that_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o air_n may_v be_v very_o cold_a and_o the_o frost_n very_o great_a where_o no_o wind_n be_v feel_v to_o rake_v as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o do_v experience_n bear_v witness_n to_o what_o he_o not_o wary_o enough_o pronounce_v that_o the_o less_o the_o 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a_o convenient_o shape_a glass-vessel_n be_v fill_v top_n full_a with_o water_n and_o expose_v either_o unseal_v or_o seal_v to_o congelation_n the_o ice_n will_v have_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o at_o least_o in_o the_o seal_a vessel_n can_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n who_o will_v not_o affirm_v glass_n to_o be_v pervious_a to_o the_o air_n be_v pretend_v to_o proceed_v from_o bubble_n that_o get_v from_o without_o into_o cold._n the_o water_n while_o it_o be_v in_o congeal_v and_o we_o have_v sometime_o have_v occasion_n to_o manifest_v by_o particular_a experiment_n purposely_o make_v how_o little_a of_o air_n there_o be_v even_o in_o those_o bubble_n that_o be_v generate_v in_o ice_n make_v in_o vessel_n where_o the_o air_n be_v not_o keep_v from_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n 23._o and_o thus_o have_v we_o go_v through_o mr._n hobs_n theory_n of_o cold._n in_o his_o propose_v of_o which_o we_o wish_v he_o have_v in_o divers_a place_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o in_o our_o cursory_a examination_n of_o which_o we_o have_v see_v that_o most_o of_o the_o particular_n be_v either_o precarious_a or_o erroneous_a and_o be_v they_o neither_o yet_o the_o whole_a theory_n will_v i_o fear_v prove_v very_o insufficient_a since_o a_o attentive_a reader_n can_v but_o have_v mark_v that_o this_o learned_a author_n have_v pass_v by_o far_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o the_o more_o obvious_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a without_o attempt_v to_o explicate_v they_o or_o so_o much_o as_o show_v in_o a_o general_a way_n that_o he_o have_v consider_v they_o &_o think_v they_o explicable_a by_o his_o hypothesis_n by_o which_o he_o that_o will_v fair_o explain_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n recite_v in_o the_o note_n we_o have_v be_v draw_v together_o and_o which_o yet_o contain_v but_o a_o beginning_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a shall_v give_v i_o a_o very_a good_a opinion_n of_o his_o sagacity_n a_o postscript_n though_o the_o haste_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o comply_v with_o 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treatise_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v than_o not_o gratify_v some_o of_o the_o curious_a to_o who_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o show_v they_o of_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o pretty_a than_o surprise_v the_o way_n than_o that_o i_o use_v in_o make_v this_o experiment_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o follow_a direction_n take_v of_o good_a unslake_v lime_n three_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o miscarry_v of_o yellow_a orpiment_a one_o part_n of_o fair_a water_n 15._o or_o 16._o part_n beat_v the_o lime_n gross_o and_o powder_v the_o orpiment_n with_o care_n to_o avoid_v the_o noxious_a dust_n that_o may_v fly_v up_o pound_v and_o have_v put_v these_o two_o ingredient_n into_o the_o water_n let_v they_o remain_v there_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n or_o long_o if_o needs_o be_v remember_v to_o shake_v or_o stir_v the_o mixture_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v obtain_v a_o somewhat_o fetid_v liquor_n whereof_o by_o wary_o decant_v or_o by_o filtrate_v it_o the_o clear_a 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glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v 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_n full_a they_o seldom_o break_v but_o if_o more_o they_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n break_v second_o that_o round_o figure_v or_o spherical_a glass_n for_o the_o most_o part_n break_v in_o a_o uniform_a manner_n i_o fill_v a_o bolthead_a full_a to_o the_o neck_n and_o stop_v it_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v 12._o inch_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o melt_a candle_n the_o ice_n rise_v above_o three_o inch_n in_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o point_n of_o break_v as_o from_o a_o pole_n the_o crack_v run_v as_o so_o many_o meridians_fw-la but_o unequal_o distant_a each_o from_o other_o and_o consequent_o concur_v not_o in_o a_o opposite_a pole_n on_o the_o other_o side_n beside_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o length_n of_o those_o crack_n none_o whereof_o go_v round_o the_o glass_n in_o a_o flask_n thus_o crack_v in_o many_o place_n the_o crack_n be_v very_o irregular_a in_o 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frost_n in_o their_o dry_n before_o they_o be_v burn_v become_v very_o brittle_a and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o strong_a fire_n will_v certain_o break_v into_o many_o piece_n tile_n of_o house_n and_o hard_a stone_n in_o building_n scale_n and_o break_v off_o upon_o thaw_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o northern_a side_n of_o stone-building_n first_o decay_n and_o moulder_v away_o as_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a in_o ancient_a magnificent_a structure_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n have_v any_o chink_n in_o they_o frequent_o break_v with_o frost_n and_o the_o statuary_n tell_v i_o they_o never_o see_v any_o solid_a marble_n break_v as_o for_o flint_n paving-stone_n precious_a stone_n and_o such_o as_o will_v receive_v a_o polish_v the_o bituman_n as_o amber_n kennel-coal_n etc._n etc._n i_o can_v never_o see_v any_o effect_n on_o they_o the_o next_o effect_n shall_v be_v that_o of_o adhaesion_n concern_v which_o take_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o smooth_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v lay_v on_o a_o smooth_a table_n and_o common_a salt_n throw_v upon_o it_o the_o effect_n be_v that_o the_o ice_n stick_v so_o firm_o to_o it_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o table_n without_o break_v the_o ice_n into_o many_o small_a piece_n &_o it_o will_v continue_v in_o this_o close_a cohaesion_n till_o the_o salt_n have_v corrode_v through_o the_o ice_n to_o the_o very_a table_n make_v many_o hole_n in_o the_o ice_n and_o have_v melt_v it_o to_o the_o very_a bottom_n but_o if_o you_o lay_v salt_n first_o upon_o the_o table_n and_o ice_n upon_o it_o than_o the_o ice_n stick_v not_o but_o thaw_v these_o follow_a salt_n apply_v as_o before_o common_a salt_n be_v cause_n adhaesion_n to_o the_o table_n but_o not_o so_o firm_a as_o it_o viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem._n prunellae_fw-la and_o ammoniac_a and_o pot-ash_n but_o not_o alum_n or_o vitriol_n the_o next_o experiment_n of_o adhaesion_n be_v this_o i_o hold_v a_o nail_n betwixt_o my_o lip_n in_o the_o open_a air_n a_o very_a little_a space_n which_o stick_v so_o firm_o to_o they_o that_o i_o can_v not_o pull_v it_o thence_o without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n another_o effect_n be_v concentration_n of_o spirit_n and_o colour_n concern_v the_o former_a you_o have_v already_o as_o much_o as_o i_o know_v especial_o in_o the_o paragraph_n of_o freeze_a beer_n and_o ale_n concern_v the_o latter_a take_v these_o follow_a trial_n
to_o a_o discourse_n too_o much_o build_v on_o astrological_a and_o aristotelian_a ground_n of_o the_o threefold_a region_n that_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o the_o air._n air._n vnde_fw-la calor_fw-la ille_fw-la procederet_fw-la petii_fw-la à _fw-la praefecto_fw-la respondit_fw-la ex_fw-la partibus_fw-la inferioribus_fw-la inferius_fw-la enim_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la calet_fw-la quod_fw-la responsum_fw-la magis_fw-la adhuc_fw-la miratus_fw-la quaesivi_fw-la anres_fw-la ita_fw-la seize_v haberet_fw-la in_o fodinis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la respondit_fw-la ita_fw-la se_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la saltem_fw-la profundis_fw-la ut_fw-la post_fw-la profundum_fw-la terrae_fw-la frigidae_fw-la tractum_fw-la in_fw-la locum_fw-la calidum_fw-la descendatur_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la terra_fw-la foditur_fw-la post_fw-la similem_fw-la profunditatem_fw-la nullum_fw-la amplius_fw-la sentitur_fw-la frigus_fw-la sed_fw-la semper_fw-la calor_fw-la quantumcunque_fw-la profundè_fw-la fodiatur_fw-la fodiatur_fw-la percunctatus_fw-la sum_fw-la a_o quo_fw-la magis_fw-la acceditur_fw-la ad_fw-la terrae_fw-la centrum_fw-la calor_fw-la ille_fw-la major_a perciperetur_fw-la respondit_fw-la id_fw-la nunquam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la animadversum_fw-la nisi_fw-la interdum_fw-la dum_fw-la fodiendo_fw-la ãâã_d venae_fw-la calidorum_fw-la mineralium_fw-la ãâã_d responsa_fw-la non_fw-la in_o unicâ_fw-la fodinâ_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la unico_fw-la praefecto_fw-la ãâã_d sed_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la descendendo_fw-la ãâã_d illum_fw-la magis_fw-la ac_fw-la magis_fw-la augeri_fw-la sentirem_fw-la huius_fw-la rationem_fw-la petii_fw-la à _fw-la praefecto_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o nullâ_fw-la adhuc_fw-la ãâã_d similem_fw-la ãâã_d intensionem_fw-la percipissem_fw-la ãâã_d mineram_fw-la vitrioli_fw-la paulo_fw-la inferius_fw-la existere_fw-la ãâã_d calorem_fw-la multiplicaret_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o nearness_n unto_o the_o pole_n but_o the_o ice_n about_o the_o land_n that_o let_v and_o hinder_v we_o as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o make_v from_o the_o land_n and_o put_v more_o into_o the_o sea_n although_o it_o be_v much_o further_o northward_a present_o we_o feel_v more_o warmth_n and_o in_o that_o opinion_n our_o pilot_n william_n barent_n die_v who_o notwithstanding_o the_o fearful_a and_o intolerable_a cold_a that_o he_o endure_v yet_o he_o be_v not_o discourage_v but_o offer_v to_o lay_v wager_n with_o divers_a of_o we_o that_o by_o god_n help_n he_o will_v bring_v that_o pretend_a voyage_n to_o a_o end_n if_o he_o hold_v his_o course_n north-east_n from_o the_o north_n cape_n gerat_fw-la de_fw-la veer_v in_o purchas_n pag._n 474._o furchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 15._o pag._n ãâã_d beguinus_n in_o tyrocinio_fw-la chymico_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o josephus_n acosta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o gassendi_n phy._n lib._n 6._o sect._n 1._o pag._n 399._o de_fw-fr qualitatibus_fw-la rerum_fw-la ac_fw-la addi_fw-la quidem_fw-la fortassis_fw-la potest_fw-la ãâã_d frigoris_fw-la semina_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la constant_a potissimum_fw-la ex_fw-la frigorificis_fw-la atomis_fw-la abire_fw-la in_o halinitrum_fw-la corpor_fw-la aque_fw-la ipsis_fw-la affinia_fw-la quando_fw-la experimur_fw-la non_fw-la exsolvi_fw-la halini_fw-la trum_fw-la quin_fw-la &_o penetrando_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la ipsam_fw-la ãâã_d &_o universa_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la contacta_fw-la refrigeret_fw-la &_o abeundo_fw-la in_o halitum_fw-la ãâã_d gelidum_fw-la seu_fw-la frigidum_fw-la ventum_fw-la sed_fw-la res_fw-la pendet_fw-la ex_fw-la variis_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la loco_fw-la commemorari_fw-la experimentis_fw-la ib._n pag._n 400._o quomodo_fw-la possunt_fw-la corpuscula_fw-la nitri_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la infusi_fw-la illam_fw-la praeter_fw-la modum_fw-la adeo_fw-la frigidam_fw-la reddere_fw-la imò_fw-la &_o per_fw-la aestatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la congelare_fw-la dum_fw-la nitrum_fw-la nivi_fw-la glaceive_v detritae_fw-la commistum_fw-la lagenae_fw-la circumponitur_fw-la ipsaque_fw-la praeter_fw-la corpus_fw-la lagenae_fw-la penetrant_fw-la in_o ãâã_d contentam_fw-la aug._n 1._o 1._o in_o the_o three_o preliminary_n discourse_n purchase_n lib._n 4._o pag._n 542._o purchase_n pag._n 811._o these_o voyage_n be_v extant_a in_o purchase_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o and_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o pag._n 560._o purchase_n pag._n 564._o purchase_n pag._n 415._o purchase_n pag._n 414._o pag._n 62._o pag._n 61._o pag._n 46._o pag._n 64._o pag._n 66._o pag._n 69._o 69._o a_o sceptical_a disquisition_n of_o antiperistasis_n pag._n 702._o pag._n 473._o 474._o acosta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 9_o pag._n 101._o pag._n 109._o purchase_n pag._n 578._o see_v james_n voyage_n pag._n 61._o &_o 81._o and_o elsewhere_o purchase_n pag._n 569._o josephus_n acosta_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 111_o 112._o purchase_n pag._n 571._o pag._n 414._o purchase_n pag._n 415._o voyage_n de_fw-fr moscovie_n &_o de_fw-fr perseus_n ãâã_d 3._o p_o m._n 117_o 118_o 119._o pag._n 119._o pequin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o pag._n 81._o pag._n 9_o the_o weather_n be_v snowy_a and_o foggy_a freeze_a our_o rig_v and_o make_v every_o thing_n so_o slippery_a that_o a_o man_n can_v scarce_o stand_v and_o all_o this_o with_o the_o wind_n southerly_a say_v captain_n james_n page_n 104._o in_o his_o journal_n 26._o of_o august_n august_n ab_fw-la his_fw-la ventis_fw-la aerem_fw-la alteratum_fw-la esse_fw-la causam_fw-la ãâã_d pestis_fw-la illa_fw-la dissolvatur_fw-la multi_fw-la illorum_fw-la affirmant_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la penitus_fw-la à _fw-la veritate_fw-la alienum_fw-la quando_fw-la id_fw-la multis_fw-la etiam_fw-la rationibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la persuaderi_fw-la possit_fw-la in_fw-la primisque_fw-la etc._n etc._n prosp._n alpin_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr medicina_fw-la egypt_n cap._n 18._o ibid._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o ibid._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o pag._n 11._o josephus_n acosta_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o p._n 120._o lib._n 3._o cap._n part_n 1._o cap._n 2._o captain_n james_n voyage_n pag._n 52_o 53._o purchase_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2._o pag._n 495._o captain_n james_n 65._o purchase_v lib_n 1._o cap._n 4._o pag._n 74._o olear_a lib._n 3._o p_o m._n 117_o purchase_n pag._n 491._o purchase_n pag._n 491._o purchas_n pag._n 491._o captain_n james_n voyage_n 64._o livre_fw-fr 3._o p._n m._n 117._o livre_fw-fr 3._o 116._o purchas_n lib._n 3._o pag._n 415._o purchas_n pag._n 497._o pag_n 64._o pag._n 497._o pag._n 56._o pag._n 52._o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o pag._n 496_o pag._n 65._o purchas_n pag._n 497._o 497._o and_o it_o be_v from_o very_o northern_a country_n that_o we_o usual_o receive_v very_o dark_a colour_a fur_n and_o the_o skin_n as_o well_o of_o black_a fox_n as_o of_o white_a one_o lepores_fw-la coloris_fw-la &_o pellis_fw-la mutatione_n anni_fw-la tempestates_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la ac_fw-la hiberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la albis_fw-la pilis_fw-la vestiti_fw-la aestivis_fw-la mensibus_fw-la eosdem_fw-la cinereos_fw-la habent_fw-la livoniae_fw-la nova_fw-la discriptio_fw-la pag._n 303._o pag._n 46._o &_o pag._n 89._o num._n 35._o hinc_fw-la gelidam_fw-la congelatamque_fw-la aquam_fw-la graviorem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la congelata_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la jo._n manelphus_n com._n in_o 4._o meteor_n aristot._fw-la inquit_fw-la tho._n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la cap._n 12._o 12._o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o the_o negligence_n or_o mistake_n of_o one_o that_o i_o order_v in_o my_o absence_n to_o freeze_v and_o thaw_v the_o same_o water_n divers_a time_n one_o after_o ãâã_d i_o may_v have_v add_v the_o success_n of_o that_o experiment_n which_o i_o be_v sorry_a to_o miss_v of_o because_o it_o may_v possible_o have_v afford_v a_o useful_a hint_n about_o a_o way_n to_o correct_v stink_a water_n in_o some_o climate_n or_o season_n olearius_n liure_n 3._o pag._n 168._o in_o the_o section_n touch_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n ice_n of_o the_o imper_n fection_n of_o physics_n maistre_fw-mi bernard_n palissy_n lib._n 1._o pag._n mihi_fw-la 23._o 23._o as_o it_o afterward_o do_v at_o the_o least_o least_o quare_fw-la ferventem_fw-la aquam_fw-la adhibuisse_fw-la oportet_fw-la qui_fw-la asserit_fw-la eam_fw-la esse_fw-la minus_fw-la gelabilem_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la salsam_fw-la pag._n 571._o 571._o tam_fw-la cito_fw-la illa_fw-la congelabat_fw-la ut_fw-la eximerem_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la crustam_fw-la unam_fw-la aut_fw-la alteram_fw-la antequam_fw-la non_fw-la calefacta_fw-la vet_n levissime_fw-la concrevisset_fw-la pag._n 572._o here_o the_o postscript_n end_v purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o pag._n 844._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 22._o volentes_fw-la igitur_fw-la piscari_fw-la sub_fw-la glacie_n duo_fw-la magna_fw-la for_o amina_fw-la latitudine_fw-la 8._o vel_fw-la 10._o pedum_fw-la centum_fw-la &_o quinquaginta_fw-la vel_fw-la 200._o passibus_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la directa_fw-la distantia_fw-la aperiunt_fw-la interquae_fw-la 30._o vel_fw-la 40._o minor_fw-la a_o for_o amina_fw-la latitudine_fw-la unius_fw-la pedis_fw-la &_o semis_fw-la ab_fw-la utroque_fw-la latere_fw-la distantia_fw-la 30._o pedum_fw-la intermedia_fw-la constituunt_fw-la tum_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la etc._n etc._n olai_n mag._n lib._n 20._o olaus_n mag._n titulo_fw-la de_fw-fr cursu_fw-la glaciali_fw-la pro_fw-la piscibus_fw-la quae_fw-la anguillae_fw-la si_fw-la totaliter_fw-la glacie_n constrictae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la simul_fw-la omnes_fw-la respiraculum_fw-la ab_fw-la aere_fw-la now_o habentes_fw-la pariter_fw-la suffocatae_fw-la moriuntur_fw-la moriuntur_fw-la praemittendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la generaliter_fw-la omnes_fw-la lacus_fw-la &_o stagnales_fw-la aquae_fw-la in_o mense_fw-la octobri_n incipiunt_fw-la
not_o find_v that_o his_o great_a earthen_a pot_n which_o be_v make_v up_o with_o as_o little_a water_n as_o be_v possible_a &_o be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o their_o durable_a texture_n have_v not_o that_o texture_n alter_v and_o impair_v by_o very_a pierce_a frost_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v from_o get_v into_o they_o those_o great_a and_o solid_a vessel_n wherein_o he_o use_v to_o keep_v his_o glass_n in_o fusion_n will_v in_o the_o fire_n scale_n or_o crack_v and_o perhaps_o fly_v and_o become_v unserviceable_a no_o less_o than_o some_o week_n soon_o than_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v impair_v by_o the_o frost_n and_o when_o i_o inquire_v whether_o also_o glass_n itself_o will_v not_o be_v much_o prejudice_v thereby_o he_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n many_o glass_n that_o have_v continue_v entire_a for_o many_o week_n for_o that_o circumstance_n i_o be_v 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manner_n his_o word_n which_o be_v remarkable_a i_o forbear_v 23._o to_o alter_v be_v these_o videntur_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ferrei_fw-la ligones_fw-la certa_fw-la ratione_fw-la fabricati_fw-la quia_fw-la his_fw-la spissa_fw-la atque_fw-la indurata_fw-la glacies_fw-la caeteris_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la ferreis_n non_fw-la cedens_fw-la facilius_fw-la infringitur_fw-la dum_fw-la aliae_fw-la secure_v chalybe_o permixtae_fw-la in_fw-la vehementi_fw-la frigore_fw-la ad_fw-la solum_fw-la glaciei_fw-la vel_fw-la virentis_fw-la arboris_fw-la ictum_fw-la instar_fw-la vitri_fw-la rumpuntur_fw-la ubi_fw-la ligones_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sive_fw-la ferreae_fw-la hastae_fw-la fortissimi_fw-la manent_fw-la which_o testimony_n notwithstanding_o what_o some_o have_v write_v to_o this_o author_n disparagement_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o all_o incredible_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n i_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o cause_v trial_n to_o be_v make_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n whereby_o if_o a_o expert_a smith_n i_o then_o use_v to_o employ_v do_v not_o gratis_o deceive_v i_o in_o the_o iron_n i_o employ_v that_o ãâã_d may_v by_o such_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o even_o our_o climate_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v render_v exceed_o brittle_a as_o he_o several_a time_n affirm_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o iron_n which_o he_o can_v hammer_v and_o turn_v as_o they_o phrase_v it_o cold_a in_o open_a weather_n which_o yet_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n will_v become_v so_o brittle_a as_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o work_v easy_o to_o break_v if_o not_o to_o fly_v asunder_o and_o this_o he_o affirm_v both_o of_o iron_n and_o steel_n of_o which_o latter_a metal_n another_o very_a skilful_a workman_n who_o i_o also_o consult_v certify_v the_o like_a but_o though_o this_o disagree_v not_o with_o trial_n purposely_o make_v on_o iron_n rod_n have_v inform_v i_o yet_o presume_v that_o in_o such_o a_o nice_a piece_n of_o work_n as_o a_o spring_n some_o further_a satisfaction_n about_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v obtain_v i_o inquire_v of_o a_o very_a dexterous_a artificer_n that_o be_v skilled_a in_o make_v spring_n for_o other_o whether_o or_o no_o he_o find_v a_o necessity_n of_o give_v spring_v another_o temper_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n then_o at_o other_o season_n and_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o such_o ãâã_d if_o he_o give_v his_o spring_n the_o same_o temper_n that_o he_o do_v in_o mild_a and_o open_a weather_n they_o will_v be_v very_o apt_a to_o break_v and_o therefore_o in_o very_o sharp_a season_n he_o use_v to_o take_v they_o down_o lower_v as_o they_o speak_v that_o be_v give_v they_o a_o soft_a temper_n than_o at_o other_o time_n which_o as_o it_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o cold_a may_v have_v a_o considerable_a operation_n upon_o body_n upon_o which_o most_o man_n will_v not_o suspect_v it_o to_o have_v one_o so_o that_o discovery_n may_v afford_v a_o hint_n that_o may_v possible_o 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meteor_n such_o a_o passage_n as_o this_o paucis_fw-la notum_fw-la est_fw-la cur_n intra_fw-la glaciem_fw-la 573._o cernuntur_fw-la interdum_fw-la multiforme_v stirpium_fw-la imagine_v in_o ampullis_fw-la vitreis_fw-la aquae_fw-la superficie_fw-la tenus_fw-la congelatae_fw-la plenis_fw-la hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la fit_a injecto_fw-la in_o phialas_fw-la sale_n diversarum_fw-la stirpium_fw-la nam_fw-la ubi_fw-la erit_fw-la sal_fw-la alicujus_fw-la plantae_fw-la &_o artemisiae_fw-la in_fw-la svo_fw-la lixivio_fw-la glacies_fw-la adhaerens_fw-la vitro_fw-la refert_fw-la ejus_fw-la folia_fw-la laciniosa_fw-la similiter_fw-la in_o alia_fw-la phiala_n videbuntur_fw-la folia_fw-la plantae_fw-la cujus_fw-la sal_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la aquam_fw-la fuerit_fw-la injectus_fw-la et_fw-la nè_fw-la quis_fw-la hoc_fw-la fortuito_fw-la cadere_fw-la putet_fw-la in_fw-la aquâ_fw-la saepius_fw-la solutâ_fw-la &_o congelatâ_fw-la eaedem_fw-la imagine_v semper_fw-la occurrent_a ut_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la 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