Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	half_a	ounce_n	spoonful_n	4,414	5	12.2215	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06903	Cauelarice, or The English horseman contayning all the arte of horse-manship, as much as is necessary for any man to vnderstand, whether he be horse-breeder, horse-ryder, horse-hunter, horse-runner, horse-ambler, horse-farrier, horse-keeper, coachman, smith, or sadler. Together, with the discouery of the subtill trade or mistery of horse-coursers, & an explanatio[n] of the excellency of a horses vndersta[n]ding, or how to teach them to doe trickes like Bankes his curtall: and that horses may be made to drawe drie-foot like a hound. Secrets before vnpublished, & now carefully set down for the profit of this whole nation: by Geruase Markham.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1607 (1607)	STC 17334; ESTC S120787	427,164	770

I haue seen thē in young sucking foales the signes are the visible appearance of them and the cuer is to slit them with a small rasor and then thrusting out the corruption to wash the sore place three or foure times a day with running water reasonable warm wherin hath formerly beene boild good store of Allome Sage and a little honey till it be whole CHAP. 32. Of the Lampas THe Lampas is a great swelling or excression of the flesh in the roofe of a horses mouth in the very first furrow adioining to the formost teeth which swelling as hie as the teeth and somtimes ouer the teeth make that the horse can neither gather vppe his meate well nor chewe it when it is gathered it proceedes onely from pride and aboundance of blood the signes are the visible sight thereof and the cuer is first to put a peece of wood as bigge as a great rouling pinne betweene the horses chappes and then with a crooked iron to bourne away all the superfluous flesh to annoint the sore place onely with salte CHAP. 33. Of the Canker in any part of the mouth THE Canker in the mouth is a venemous and fretting vlcer which proceedeth from the wearing of rustie bittes or from the vnnaturall heate either of the braine or stomacke which distilling in salte rhumes into the mouth doe breede rawe and fretting vlcers the signes are rawnes of the mouth or tongue blisteringes white furringes and such like The cuer is take strong vineger two spoonefulles and as much of the powder of Allome as will make the vineger thicke and with it rubbe the sore place three or foure times a day for two or three dayes together till it bee rawe and bleede then take a quarte of running water fiue ounces of Allome of honey sixe spoonefulles of woodbine leaues Sage leaues and collobine leaues of each halfe a handfull boile all these together till one half be consumed and wash the sore therewithall three of foure times a day till it be whole CHAP. 34. Of Heate in the Mouth and Lippes A Horsse will haue in his Mouth sometimes an extraordinary heat when he hath no vlcer which will make him forsake his meate and it proceedeth from the stomacke the signes whereofare the immoderate heate of his breath and the whitenesse of his tongue which when you perceiue the cure is first to let him bloode in the roofe of his mouth after he hath likt and chewed off his blood a good prettie space then you shall wash his mouth tongue all ouer with vineger and salt and then anoint it with the sirrop of Mulberies doe but thus twice a day for two or three dayes and the horsse will doe well CHAP. 35. Of the tongue being hurt with the Bitte or Snaffle A Canker which commeth by wearing a rusty Bitte and the hurt which comes of the rude hādling of a chain bit are two contrary diseases for the one doth impoisen the other doth but only seperate wherfore if your horses mouth or tongue be but only brused or hurt with a len bit the cure is first to wash the sore place with Allome water and then to anoint it with life honey and english saffron well beaten and mixt together and when you ride your horse to haue a cleane cloath foulded aboute the Bitte or snaffle and to annoint it with the same salue and this you shall doe twice a day till the sore be whole to choppe the leaues of a blacke bramble and swines larde together and binding it in a fine cloth then dipping it in honey and annointing the horsses tong therewith as some of our Smithes doe is good but nothing neare so speady a medicine CHAP. 36. Of the Barbbs or Pappes vnder a Horsses tong EVery horsse naturally hath vpon his neither chaps vnder his tonge two long wartes like pappes which we call Barbs which how euer some horse-men doe hold will hurt a Horsse yet for mine own part I could neuer perceiue it in all my practise nor would I haue them taken away yet if any one either out of strong belief in the paine or out of curiositie or will will haue them taken away as I haue seen smild at many that would you shall not as our common Smithes do clip them away with a paire of sheeres for there doth followe them such fluxe of blood that in so doing I haue seen them put beyond their skiles how to staunch them but the cure is to hold vp the tongue and taking hold of the barbe with a small payre of mullets with a fine yron made of purpose to feare them away and then to annoint them with the oile of bitter All●ons till they be whole CHAP. 37. Of paine in the Teeth and of the Woolfes PAine in a horsses teeth commeth either from pride and corruption of blood or els from cold rhums if from bloode the signe is his gooms will swell and haue as it were blebbes about them if frō rhume he will continually slauer and that which commeth from him will be thinne and waterish the cure is with a sharp knife to race him alongst his gummes close vnder his teeth both of the inside and outside and then to rubbe them all ouer either with pepper salt wel mingled together or with claret wine and pepper heated vpon the fire or else with chalk and vineger or after they are washt to strow vpon them the powder of pomegranat pils Now for the woolfes which are two sharp teeth more then nature allowes growing out of the vpper iawes nexte to the great teeth which pricketh the neether chappe so that the horsse is not able to eate his meate although for mine owne parte I haue not see●e such an vnnaturall accident yet if you bee acertaind thereof you may if you will vse ould Martins medicine which is after the horsses head is tide to a post and his mouth opened so as you may looke therein to haue a long instrument of yron made lik a Carpenters gouge and setting the edge thereof close to the bottomme of the tooth by the gumme and with a mallet in your other hand to giue a good knocke vpon the instrument which not onely entring into the tooth but also loosening it and setting it awry you shall then by holding the instrument firme and hard still and resting it vpon the chappe of the horsse wrest the tooth out of his head and then putting falte into the hole close it vppe but in my conceipte it were a much better and more safer cure if when your horsses mouth is opened you find the horsses teeth to be very extraordinarily sharp that then you take a long sharpe file made for the purpose and therewith reasonably to blunt all his iawe teeth for that would bring your horsse ease without any vnnaturall torment CHAP. 38. Of the Cricke in the Necke THe Cricke in the necke is a kind of conuultion or sorenesse of the sinewes it commeth either by the

labors yoo finde his impediment you shall not for this disease slacke your iourney but the first day with all gentlenes easie pace let him bring you to your Inne and as soon as you are lighted make him be very well rubd and drest and store of litter laid vnder him then imediately take a pinte of very good Ceres sacke and make it more then luke warme in the fier then take halfe a pinte of sallet oile or for want thereof halfe a pint of sweet butter melted then brew the sacke and it together and giue it warme to the horse with a horne then binde a Couerlet or Blanket about the horse and let him stand vpon the bridle for an hower after at which time come to him and tye him so as he may lye downe at pleasure then locke the stable doore and let no body trouble him for three or foure howers after for hee will grow extreame sicke and so that if you did see him you wold think him at the point of death when you are disposed to go to bed go to your horse and if you find him laid along very sicke respect it not but making the manger cleane put therein halfe a pecke of cleane oates and three penniworth of bread broken small and a penniworth or two of hay and so leaue him till morning and be sure by morning he will not onely haue eaten vp his meate but be as cheerefull as euer hee was in his life and you shall see his colde breake away aboundantly and if you keepe him warme and suffer him to take no new colde bee sure the old will waste quite away with his trauell as for the perfuming him with Frankinscence or with Peniryall and Sage boild together or tickling him with goose feathers and oile de-bay or with a clout annointed with sope by thrust ing thē vp into his nose only to make the horse sneare or neese you may saue that labour for it is of little pur pose although our common Farriers vse it but if you will when you giue him any prouender sprinkle a little Fenegreeke and aniseedes amongst it for three or foure daies together it will not be amisse And also euer obserue that if your horse bee very leane which hath this colde that then with your sacke and oile you mixe at least two ounces of sugercandie beaten to powder CHAP. 18. Of the diseases of the eies and first of the waterish or weeping eies WAtterish eyes proceede euer either from rhumaticke and moist humours or else from some stripe or blowe either with rodde whippe or such like And the cuer is first let him blood vpon his eieveines then take Pitch Masticke and rossen of ech like quantitie and melting them together spread it with a stick all ouer the temples of his head then lay flockes as neare as you can of the horses coulour vpon it and make it lye like a plaster fast and flatte to his head then euery morning wash his eyes with white wine and put into thē the powder of Pomy-stone some Tartarum mixt with life honey and you shall perceiue as the humor doth decrease so the plaster will loosen and fall away CHAP. 19. Of bloodshotten whether they come by blowes itching rubbing or such like I Haue for mine owne parte seene none of our best Farriers vse any other medicine for this griefe then ould Martins water which is to take of rose water of malmsey and Fennell water of eache three spoonefulles of Tutia as much as you may easily take vp with your thumbe and your finger the powder of a doozen cloues mingle them together and being luke-warme with a feather dipt therein to wash the inward parte of the eie therewith Others lesse cunning I haue seene for this griefe to wash horses eyes with white wine and the powder of Sandiuer mixt together but for mine owne parte I haue found an other receite much better then either the one or the other and this it is take the whites of a coupple of Eggs and beat it til it come to an oile then put to it two spoonefull of rose-rose-water two spoonefull of the iuyce of houslike and two spoonefull of the water of eie-bright mixe them well together then dippe therein little round plegents of Flaxe or Towe as big as a horses eie and lay them vpon the horses eies changing them as oft as they grow harde and drie and doubt not but in two or three nights it will cuer a very sore eie CHAP. 20. Of dimnes of sight Pin Web Pearles or spottes in the eies IF your horse either through fylme asker pearle pin web or any such like grosse matter growing vpon the ball of his eie haue his sight hindered if you aske the opinion of our best Farriers they will bid you take of Pomies stone of Tartarum of sall Gemma of each like quantitie and being beaten to fine powder to blow it into the horses eies others will bid you blow the powder of sand●voire into his eyes others the powder of burnt Allom of bournt oister shelles or of the blacke flinte stone all which are fretting and will breake any filme yet for mine own parte this hath beene my medicine to take of the water of eiebright three pintes and as much perfit good white wine then to infuse therein of the powder of the Pomyes and the blacke flinte stone of Tartarum of sall Gemma of Sandiuoir of white Copperis and of the drie rootes of Angelica of each of these two ounces and of greene Copperis foure ounces when these haue beene iufused together for the space of foure and twenty howers then you shal put thē altogether into a limbeck also a handful of a handfull of Tyme and halfe a handfull of Penirial distill these vpon a slow fire then you shall with the water thereof taken with a feather anoint the ho●sse both vnder the eye and aloft vpon the eye lidde but by no meanes within the eye and it will weare away any filme whatsoeuer CHAP. 21. Of the Hawe or Kyrnels within the eyes THe Hawe is a certaine hard gryssell or Kyrnell growing vnderneath the eye within the neither lidde it growes from the grosse and toughe humours and will spread sometime ouer more then one halfe of the eye and doth hinder the sight and make the eye to water the signe is you shall visibly see it whē either the horsse showes hir eyes or moues his eye liddes the euer is onelie to cut them away in this manner you shall with one of your fingers put vp to the vpper lidde of the horsses eye and with your thumbe put downe the nether lid so that you may lay the Hawe bare to your sight then take a sharpe needle with a thridde and thrust it thorough the side of the Hawe and with the thridde draw the Hawe from touching the eye then take a sharpe pen-knife and cut the grissell away almost but not full out to the bottome ●ut as near

the blacke as may be for feare of making the horsse bleere eyed thē wash the sore with the water of eye-brighte with white wine or with beare and it will doe well CHAP. 22. Of Lunatike or Moone eyes LVnatike eyes or Moone eyes though the antient Italian horsmen could giue no reason or signes of them yet I know this by mine owne experience that they proceede from hote salt humours dispersed and distilled frō the braine by ouer riding or other violent and extreame exercise the signes are hee will see at sometimes of the Moone better then at other sometimes whence comes the name of the disease his eyes when they are at the best will looke reddish when at the worst red and fiery the cure is first vppon the temples of his head yow shall lay the plaster of pitch rossen and masticke as is afore showed then with an yron somewhat bigger then a wheate-strawe you shall burne vpon the balle of his cheekes vnder his eyes on each side three holes to the bone and annoynt them dayly with a little fresh butter and if you please you may in stead of those holes slit the skine with a knife and put in a rowell of leather as shall be showed you hereafter where I speake of row elling After the sore hath runne eight or ten dayes yow shall heale it by taking away the rowell laying on the sore a plaster made of turpentine honey and waxe of each like quantity boyld together and during the time that the sore doth runne you shall twice a day put into his eye with a feather a little life honey and feare not the amendement CHAP. 23 Of the Canker vlcer and Fistula in the eye THis disease proceedeth from the salte humours and corruption of the bloode descending downe from the head into the eye the signes whereof are the eye white redde and bloody and vpon the eye-lids will be little angry redde pimples from whence will runne a kind of lie or water which will scalde the checke as it passes and the eye it selfe will bee full of gumme and corrupte yelllow matter the euer is first to let him blood on that side of the neck on which the eye is sore then with a very smale fine instrument of steele or siluer you shall search all the pimples to see if you can find any hole or hollownes amongst them and if you find any you shall search the depth thereof then make a tente fitte for the hole and dippe it in the water I before prescribed for the pinne and webbe and so put it to the bottome of the hole euery other day making the tent shorter and shorter till the hollownes bee filled but if you find no hollownes then you shall twice a day rubbe the pimples with this water till they bee bloody and rawc take of Rochallome of greene Coporas of each a quarter of a pound of white Coporas halfe an ounce and boile them in somewhat more then a pinte of running water till halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and when you apply it to the sore eye let it be luke warme and in foure or fiue dressings it will dry vp the Vlcer CHAP. 24. Of diseases belonging to the eares of a horsse and first of the laue eares or hanging eares THis disgrace of beeing laueearde albeit it is not a payne or griefe to the horsse yet it is so foule a sore both to the eye of the owner and to euery behoulder that it euen drowneth and obscureth al other vertues whatsoeuer it is an infirmitie proceeding from nature it is ingendred in the first creation and although few of our Fariers either haue indeuored themselues or know how to helpe it yet such hath bin mine earnestnesse to know the vttermost secret in that art that by trying many conclusions in the ende I hitte vpon a certeine cure for the same and haue within haue within this little space helpt sundry horses for the signe thereof the name is sufficient and it will plainely showe it and the cure is thus take your horses eares and place them in such maner as you would desire they should stande and then with two little boards or peeces of trenchers three fingers broad hauing long strings knit vnto them bind the eares so fast in the places wherein they stand that by no means or motion they may stirre then betwixt the head and the roote of the eare you shall see a great deale of wrinkled empty skinne which with your finger and your thumbe you shall pull vp and then with a very sharp payre of sizers you shall clip away all the emptie skinne close by the head then with a needle and a little redde silke you shall stitch the two sides of the skinne close together and then with a salue made of Turpentine waxe Deares suet and honey of each like quantitie melted together heale vp the sore which done take away the splents which held vp his eares and you shall see his eares will keepe the same place still as you sette them without any alteration this is as certain as the healing of a cut finger CHAP. 25. Of the Impostume in the eare ALL Impostumes come either from blowes brusinges or gathering together of many grosse humours in one place and of all impostumes there is none worsse then that bredd in the eare of a horsse because proceeding from the braine it many times corrups the same the signe thereof is only the apparant showe and the cure is this take a handfull of Sorrell and lapping it in a Burre-docke leafe lay it in hot bourning imbers and roste it as you would rost a warden then taking it forth of the fire opening it apply it as hote as is possible to the Impostume which is within the eare shifting it euery day till it hath both ripened and broke the Impostume which the yelke of an egge wheate flowre honey and hearbe of grace will do also when it is broken and the corruption well come forth then you may heale the sore with the salue made of Turpentine waxe hony and Deares suet but if you find the horsse haue paine in his eare but no swelling then you shall only stoppe his eare or eares with blacke woole dipt into the oile of Camomile and it will helpe him CHAP. 26. Of the Poll euill or Fistula in the Necke THis disease is an Impostumation like a Fistula growing betwixt the eare and the poll or nape of the neck and is bred by flemie and grosse humours gathered together in that part or else by some bruse or straine taken either by some blow or by some halter or necke-band for that part of all parts about the head is most tender this disease is most incident to cart horsses because the rudenesse of clownes seldome respect where they strike the signe thereof is the horse will carry his nose outright and his necke stiffe you shall also perceiue the swelling which in the end will breake

he that hath but one Stallion popes to inioy him long yet manie Mares for him yearely to couer let him obserue the order prescribed in this next Chapter CHAP. 6. Of couering Mares in the House the dyeting of the Stallion the time of the day for the Act and to know when shee hath coneiued ALbe this course wee are now about to treate of be much more troublesome and a little more chargeable then the former yet it is by manie degrees safer and in my conceite much surer Hee therefore that out of little meanes will preserue a good breede Let him first prepare to keepe some warme spott of ground as eyther Orchard Garden or such like with not being eaten al the yeare before may haue grasse readie to mow by mid April at what time you shal put your horse into the soyle feeding him thoroughlie with bread made of pease meale and mingled with barme and water well knodden baked in great housholde loaues then when you haue a Mare readie to be couerd let her as soone as the Sun is in setting be brought into some large emptie barne and there turned loose let then the Horse be also brought vnto her and turned loose where let him remaine with her all night till halfe an houre after Sunne rise then let him be taken and led into the stable and the first thing you giue him let it bee a sweete warme mash of malte and water after that let him haue grasse and prouender as before he was accustomed then let the Mare likewise be turned to grasse This order you shall obserue three nights together and there is no doubt but your Mare shal be sufficientlie serued In this māner with this dyet your horse may well serue one after another ten or twelue mares during all which time of soyle couering your horse must by no meanes be ridden Now for as much as some English writers prescribe in this time of soile for your horses dyet dryed wheate or dride Pease and Wheate branne or cleane fytches and his mashes of wheate meale and water I for mine owne part doe dislike them all and this is my ground first for dride wheate albe it be a cleane heartie and strong foode yet it is agraine which of all other dooth soonest cloy a Horse is moste dangerous if a horse shall surfait thereon besides it is with vs heere in England of so little vse for Horses that when you shal giue it a Horse his nature vnaccustomed thereunto receiues it rather as a medcine then as any familiar foode and by that meanes takes little or no pleasure therein Lastly it is so costlie that no good Husband ●ut will grudge the expence except he were assured of some extraordinarie benefit thereby which I assure ●im he shall neuer reape Now for pease and branne who knowes not that ●ath any experience that it is of all foodes the moste ●ilde ingendering grosse humors bad nutryment occasioning hart-burning and manie other scalding ●assiōs in a Horse And for fytches they are if possible worse then the other for besides that they are rancke fulsome and vnwholesome foode they haue also in ●em such a dangerous poyson that by surfetting vpon them they breede euen the plague amōgst horses For the mashe of Wheate and Water it is tollerable and may bee vsed but not in this time of couering because it carryeth neither the strength pleasant taste nor sweetenesse which Malt and water doth And thus much for the couering of Mares in the house There is yet another manner of couering of Mares and that is for such as eyther hauing some one principal Horse which they esteeme so pretious that they wil not aduēture him loose a night together least they mare either in her wooing or out of her toying knauishnes should giue him such a blowe as might either breede in him griefe or lamenesse yet are desirous to haue some one or two especiall Mares couerd with him or else it is for them who being desirous to get into good races are fayne to get leapes for their Mares eyther by courtesie bribes or stealth for these they must bee content to haue their Mares couered in hand which albe it bee not altogether so sure as the former prescribed was yet the Foales so begotten are altogether as good as the former and whereas some haue held opinion that the Horse being at hard meate that is at Hay and Prouender and the mare at grasse or the mare at hard meate and the horse at grasse that if these two shall ingēder together the mare will neuer conceiue or holde I haue found it meere vntruth for I haue knowne a horse the night before he shold haue runne for a wager who then was not onelie at hard meat but also in straite dyet which is the extreamest of hard meate couer a grasse mare which mare hath held to that horse brought foorth a foale which both for his shape vertue might well challenge his Syre He therfore that wil haue his mare couered in hand must obserue this order as soone as you finde your mare readie for the Horse which you may knowe by the signes before mencioned or if for a better assurāce you may if you please bring some bad ston'd Iade vnto her and if you see her wrie her taile showe willinges to receiue him then it is most certaine she is ready then you shal halfe an houre after Sun-rise ●n the morning bring your mare into some close court ●r backe yarde neare vnto the Stable or for want of ●ch into some emptie barne then you shall cause the ●orse keeper to bring foorth the Horse in a watering ●ench with a strong long rayne and if at the first sight ●f the mare the horse as it is verie likely hee wil fall to ●ound or leape let not the keeper bee affrayde ●ut rather cherrish and fortefie the Horse in such salts ●nely let him so much as is in his power restraine ●im frō comming too suddainely to the mare that ●f it bee possible hee may bee readye when hee commeth to her and as soone as hee is vppon her let ●im haue all the libertie the Horse-keeper can giue ●im But whereas some would haue the Horse-keeper to helpe the Horse as by putting his yarde ●o the right place or such like I am vtterly against 〈◊〉 except it bee in case of great neede for it is so ●uch against the nature of a Horse so to bee hand●d that I haue seene a Horse when he hath beene ●adie to couer a mare by such officiousnes of the keeper to come immediatelie off frō the mare leaue her ●nserued for more then an houre after As soone as ●e Horse hath serued the mare is comed from her ●ack let a stander by prepar'd for the purpose immediately throw a peale of colde water vpon the priuye partes of the Mare which wil keepe her from shedding the seede which naturally a mare wil doe and

ground a president And thus much for Mares and their barrennesse CHAP. 10. The vse of Mares when they are with Foale and of the casting of Foales AS soone as your Mares haue conceiued and are with Foale those great persons which keep their studds onely for breede and no other labour are to respect that they may goe in good short yet sweete pasture especially if they giue sucke and that for a month before and after Michaelmasse they be not chased strained or troubled for then is the time of their knitting and quickning so that a small rush at that time breedes aborsment which is the casting of their foales But for such men as must by labor make some especiall vse of their mares they must haue care that after their Mares haue conceiued they labour and worke them very moderately shunning by all meanes to put them to the cariage of heauie burthens or the toyle of hastie iourneyes but aboue all as before I saide a month before and after Michaelmas Mares that are with Foale and haue Foales sucking vpon them must haue in the Winter besides grasse good store of sweet hay and light Corne they must haue good shelter as house or houel dry layre The houses or houels where they eate their winter meate must bee large and spacious so that they may not bee throng'd vp together for feare by rushing or striking they bee forc'st to cast their Foales Some haue beene of opinion that the change of strange pastures and strange waters will make a Mare cast her foale but it is not so onelie a man may by dryuing Mares from pasture to pasture with vnruely chassing make them cast their foales with is the cause I would haue mares with foale seldome remoued or dryuen but that fresh pasture should doe them such hurt it is senceles As for the mast of Cedar trees the treading vpon Wolues or such-like all which some writers say wil cause aborsmevt we here in England need not feare them But for stinking smells as the shuffs of candles carrion or such like I hold it verie daungerous and doe often occasion aborssement fatnesse in a Mare is dangerous for aborssement also or if they scape casting their foales yet fatnesse puts a Mare to great hazard in her foaling which is the reason that many good breeders which I know willet their Mares after they are quickned be moderately trauelled or wrought till within some month or six weekes of their foaling but not any longer for the onely time of danger is at the first conception and at the time of teaming And thus much for this matter CHAP. 11. Helpe for a Mare that is in danger in foaling and other secrets MAres naturally contrarie to the custom of other beastes doe foale standing and as certaine ancient Writers report for I haue not at any time seen it the foales when they are new foaled haue vppon their foreheads a little blacke thing like a figge called Hypomanes which they say will procure loue the dam bites it off and eates it as soone as the foale is falne but if she be preuented therof she will neuer suffer the foal to sucke as if the tendernesse or naturall loue which a Mare beares to her yong sprung from this accidentall cause and not from the motion of her naturall inclination but for mine owne part hauing seene so many Mares foale as I haue done and neuer perceyuing any such obseruation I cannot imagine it any other then a fabulous dreame But to proceede to our purpose if your mare either by mischance or by naturall defect as by taking the Horse when she was too yong as vnder two yeares olde or vpon her first foale which euer hath the greatest perill be in danger at her foaling or put to extraordinarie torment in foaling you shal ease her by these meanes first one is of opinion that if you make one stand before the mare when she is in foaling that shall holde her nost●ls close in such sort that shee cannot take her breath it will procure her to foale with much ease but for the 〈◊〉 I doubt onely I knowe it will procure he● more speed in her businesse but the most 〈◊〉 and surest remedie for this euill is to take the 〈◊〉 part of the Crab-fish feere and beating 〈◊〉 to powder mixe it with sweete Wine and Sall● Oile and giue it the mare with a horne to drink and i● wil bring her ease presently of which I haue knowne good experience but if it shall faile then I woulde haue you take the helpe of some discrete woman whose better experience knowes best howe to handle such an occasion Now if after your mare haue foaled shee doe not scowe away her Secundine which is the skin wherein the foale is wrapped after that naturall maner which is requisite in such a case some thinke it best to giue her this medicin first to boile two or three hādfuls of fenel in water thē to take half a pint of that water as much old sweet wine a fourth part of sallet oile mingle them together vpon the fire thē when it is luke warm to power it into the mares nostrils and to holde her nostrils close after it which will bee a present meanes that she shal expel the former substāce but for as much as this medicine is somewhat teadious in making and that a Mare should not be so long in scowring as this in compounding boyling and cooling I haue euer obserued that as soone as my mare hath foald to giue her a little bottle of green forrage that is the blades of young Wheate or Rye but of the two Rye is the better and it will both expel and clense a Mare presently touching the eating of the Secundine which moste commonly mares doe some think it is verie vnwholsome and that it maketh a Mare sicke and vnlustie which opinion I hold for great truth adding this with all that it is a greate hindrance to the Mares milke wherefore so far foorth as is in a mans power I would haue it preuented And thus much for this matter CHAP. 12. How to make a Mare cast her Foale SOme say it hath beene a practise amongst ancient Horsemen in times past that when they haue had a Mare vnworthylie couered as when a fayre Mare hath either by stealth or mischance taken some ill fauoured ston'd Iade or when a mare of some especiall hope or vertue as eyt her for ryding running or hūting is preseru'd from the horse and yet not withstanding through some negligence gets to the Horse and is couered In this case it hath beene a practise to force the mare so couered to aborsment which is to cast her Foale and it is a thing my selfe haue practised vpon a mare in whose speede I was infinitelie much perswaded the rather because I know this generall rule neuer to fayle that a mare which once giueth a Foale sucke shall neuer boast of that speede which in her maydenhood she

it as you bake good houshold breade and no otherwise and let it bee at least two daies old before your horse taste any of it But if the horse for whome you make this bread be exceeding sollible and much subiect to losenes in his bodie then you shall put in no Rye at all but if he be of a hot body and subiect to more then ordinarie drynesse then you shal ouer and besides the Rye put to the former proportion of corne about two pound of sweete butter The natures of the aforesaid graines are these First the Beanes are the moste strong and naturall foode for a Horse that can be being neither so pursiue fulsome nor breeding such rawe cruditie as pease doe therefore where beanes are to be gott I would haue no pease vsed Then the wheate is comfortable light of disgestion soonest couerts to good blood Lastly the Rie is sollible euacuating so that being mixt with the other two graines which are drie and binding it makes the breade of a reasonable indifferent composition The barme makes the bread light so that it doth neither loade nor cloythe stomacke the scalding water takes away the strong sauour and the butter is a purge comfortable wholsome and not against nature This breade hath in it sufficient strength and vertue to bring a horse to good abilitie of bodie and purenes of winde neither wold I haue any man either for the trayning vp of young Horses or for the ordinarie pleasure of hunting to vse any other breade but this onely but if you make any match for any great wager wherein you are to be exceeding circumspect and carefull for in their losses doe indeed consist the charge and care of hunting horses and to which I will neuer giue any man incouragement yet if you haue made a match and that your horse must be brought to the vttermost perfection that may be then you shall make him another sort of breade somewhat finer then the former after this manner you shall take of cleane beanes well dryd a strike of oate-meale two pecks and of Rye two peckes grinde all these together and boult them through an ordinarie boulting cloath then take as much new ale and the barme beaten altogether as will serue to kneade it and if you will bestowe the whites of fortie egges vpon it the breade wil be so much the better both for the horse and his winde After the dowe hath beene well knodden with handes you shall then cause the Baker hauing his feete cleane scowred and washt to goe into the trough and treade it exceedingly then you shall couer it with cloathes and let it lie till it swell euen to the toppe of the trough which it will in short space doe then kneade it againe so moulde it vp in great loaues as you did before with the former breade so bake it sufficiently but by no meanes ouer bake it Better breade then this cannot bee made for hunting and though there bee some horsemen of my knowledge which will bestowe vpon bread a great deale of more charges as by putting hot spices and other such like toies therein thinking that more cost brings more worshippe yet knewe they how vilde and vnwholsome it is surely they should neuer reape for their labours so much as god a mercie for take it from mee for a generall rule whensoeuer you see any man vse spices to a hunting horse that is sound and of good constitution he is neither good keeper nor can giue anye good reason for his dooings more then our common Smithes doe for their medicines which is they haue seene such a man doe it before them CHAP. 8. Of all manner of purgations or scowrings that are fit for hunting horses and of their natures vses and operations PVrgations which are the emptiers voiders of all superfluous humors which doe anoy the bodie with their euill qualities bringing eyther sicknesse vlcers or mortallitie I doe not meane amplie to dylate vpon in this chapter because they are more properlie belonging to the sicke horse then to the sound and their simples so curions strange and violent in working as goes beyond the skill of euerie ordinarie keeper and for as much as I haue in the booke of diseases spoake as much as is necessarie concerning them and their natures in case of sicknesse I will heere onelye trouble you with those purgatiue receyts which are onely meete for hunting-horses or running horses being sound of bodie and in perfit strength and liuelyhood which are cald of the Northerne men scowrings which in true signification is the same that a purgation is yet in that that their workings are somewhat different because the purgation doth clense away those sicke and vnwholsome humors which are growne to an euill alreadie the scowring none but those which in time would grow to be cōtagious I will let onely the names holde the differences betweene them and only heere speak of scowrings The first scowring which is of al other the gentlest most wholesome is the mash and it is made in this manner take a pecke of ground mault and put it into a peale then take a galland and a halfe of water boyling hot from the fire and put it to the mault then with a staffe mash and stirre them together at least halfe an houre till taking the water vpon your fingar you feele it as sweete as honye for euer the sweeter it is the stronger it is then let it stand till it be luke warme and then giue it your horse This mash is to be giuen to any horse after his labour especiallye to such as are weake or leane for as it scowreth away molten grease and loose humors so it comforteth the spirits and ingenders strength it is good also for a fatt horse as it is before shewed you vpon his first labour so that you vse with it as is likewise shewd you another scowring which is of a stronger nature for to vse it onely of it selfe wil feede a horse and make him more fat and pursie it is also exceeding good and onely to be vsed in any sicknesse whatsoeuer for to speake the truth of it it is the horses o●ly Aleberrie The next scowring is hempseede cleane drest to bee mingled with his Oates the nature whereof is exceeding gentle and without all offenee to the stomacke it is the best scowring to beginne with all for it doth neither offend the horse in tasting nor workes vpon any matter but what nature is willing to expell and his office is only to purge the stomacke and intralls The next scowring is take Rosemarie and chop it verie small then take a quarter of a pound of verie sweete Butter and worke them together then breake it in peeces and role it into sundrie pellets somewhat bigger then the wall nuts and then holding vp the horses head put them gētly down his throat then ride the horse gently vp down halfe an houre

quart of water then another handfull of Oates and another quart of watter and thus you shall giue one after another till you haue giuen him a good meale likewise then put on his Mussell and let him stand till betwixt nine and ten a clocke at night at what time you shall come to him and as you fedde him at noone with bread and water so shall you nowe feede him with bread and water likewise then putting on his muzell rubbing him and raising vppe his litter let him stand till the next morning The next day is a day ofrest so that after you haue ayred him in the morning you shall then onely feede him as you did the day before onely you must vnderstand that these three dayes before your race day you shall in your ayrings be longer abroad then vsually you were wont to be both that you may keepe him in perfite breath and suffer no grosnesse to increase and also to procure him a good stomacke and a longing appetite After two of your foure dayes is thus spent in ayring and feeding the third day you shall spende in the same maner also both touching his ayrings and feedings but the time betwixt his meales you shall spend in colling his eares maine chappes eye-browes and other parts of his bodie that are charged with superfluous haires you shall wash scowre both his maine and taile with sope and water then if at the race day you meane to haue it frizeld and brodered out brauely to the showe you shall plat them both in as manie seuerall small plats or strings as you can conuenientlie knit euerie seuerall plat and string in as manie knots as you can deuise for the lesse your plats are and the more knots you knit the brauelyer will your horses maine or taile curle and the gallanter it will appeare to the beholders This day also you shall see that the Smith shooe your horse both easily and sufficiently according to the nature of the course that is to say if the course be vppon soft greene swarth totten more or durtie earth then you shall shooe him with halfe shooes both because they preuent ouer-reaching which often chaunces in such grounds and also giues foot-hold inough which is al the necessitie in such a course but if the race bee vpon harde heathes hie wayes or flintie or chaukie grounds then you shall shooe him with whole shooes neither halfe so broad nor halfe so thick as the hunting shooe After your horse is thus prepared the next day following which is the day before your race day you shall ayre order feed your horse as you did in the former dayes onely you shal giue him no water at all After you haue finished watring and feeding him at twelue of the clocke in the after noone till your wager ●e past onely you shall feede him with what meate he hath most stomacke vnto both in the euening and at nine a clocke also giuing him as much quietnesse and rest as you can deuise vpon the race day in the morning before the spring of the day you shal take forth your horse and ayre him then when you haue brought him home you shal giue him after his legges haue beene well rubbed and annoynted with Linseede Oyle or Traine Oyle as manie tostes steept in Muskadine and dried as he will eate or if out of the daintinesse of his stomacke he take dislike vnto them you shall onely giue him halfe a pecke of fine cleane Oat-meale well dryed then put on his muzzell and so let him take his rest till you haue warning to prepare him for his course which as soone as you haue you shall the first thing you doe take halfe a pint of Sacke and hauing brewed it well with the powder of Anne-seeds and Sugar-candie giue it your horse then lay his cloathes hansomly in good order about him stopping the sursingle round about with soft wispes then if you haue an●e couering of silke or other finer cloath for the showe as for the most part noble mē great persons haue thē you shall lay in the vppermost hide both the other clothes and the wispes also then you shall vnplat both his maine and taile seuering euerie haire one from another then you shall wash his Snaffle in a little beare and put it in his mouth then with some fine riband or lace you shall tye vp his fore toppe so that it may not dangle or hinder his sight and whilst you are doing these thinges you shall make other Goomes doe nothing but rubbe his legges thus when you haue fitted euerie thing conueniētly you shall take Vineger into your mouth and spirt it into your Horses nostrels and so lead him towards the race in such manner and forme as was shewed you in the horses first course after you come at the race end when you haue rubd his legges and as much as you can prouokt him to pisse and dung then you shal vngyrde his cloathes set on your saddle spirt vinegar into his nostrels then mount his backe and when the watchword is giuen start him runne him according to your arte and courage CHAP. 7. Obseruations to be vsed and inconueniences which happen during the dyeting of running Horses NOw for as much as there be diuers general obseruations which you shal obserue during the time of dyeting your horse I will as neare as I can set them downe in such sort as may bee best fitting for your memorie wherefore first you shall obserue that once or twice in a weeke when you giue your horse any oates to giue him a little Mustard-seede mingled therewith which wil make your horse ne●se purge his head of all grosse matter You shal also obseru that whē your horses dūg lookes of a paalish yellow collour is of an indifferent hardnesse both in substance and smell like to the ordure of a man that then it is best the horse in strongest temper You shall obserue that after your horse comes to the strength of feeding that his dung smels strongly that then euerie time you come into the stable you burne either Iuniper Frankensence Sto●ake or some other perfume both to take away the euill smell and to comfort the horse Also you shall obserue that if your Horse be an exceeding grosse feeder and that he wil eate vp his litter in great aboundance that then you may put him into his mussell for a fortnight or three weekes before the race day but if he be a horse of a tender and daintie stomacke so that you shall with great difficultie make him eate any thing at al in this case you shal not put him into the Mussell at al aboue one night before the race day for the vse of the Mussell is onelye but to keepe him from foule and vnwholsome feeding and to prepare and get him a stomacke also you shall obserue that when you giue your horse a playing course that is to say when