Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	half_a	ounce_n	scruple_n	14,456	5	10.8489	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60281	The hydrostaticks, or, The weight, force, and pressure of fluid bodies, made evident by physical, and sensible experiments together vvith some miscellany observations, the last whereof is a short history of coal, and of all the common, and proper accidents thereof, a subject never treated of before / by G.S.	Sinclair, George, d. 1696.	1672 (1672)	Wing S3854; ESTC R38925	208,492	331

not_o one_o part_n of_o the_o man_n body_n that_o weigh_v within_o the_o ark_n or_o make_v it_o heavy_a yet_o i_o affirm_v that_o when_o the_o man_n body_n be_v within_o the_o ark_n a_o less_o weight_n will_v sink_v it_o then_o when_o his_o body_n be_v out_o of_o it_o even_o as_o much_o less_o than_o before_o as_o be_v the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n for_o example_n if_o 1680_o pound_n be_v the_o just_a counterpoise_n of_o it_o without_o the_o man_n then_o after_o the_o man_n be_v in_o it_o it_o will_v take_v only_o 1568_o pound_n to_o counterbalance_v it_o suppose_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n to_o weigh_v 112_o pound_n or_o seven_o stone_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o man_n that_o make_v this_o difference_n for_o understanding_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n consider_v that_o when_o a_o man_n body_n be_v within_o the_o ark_n there_o be_v less_o air_n in_o it_o then_o while_o his_o body_n be_v out_o of_o it_o even_o as_o much_o less_o in_o quantity_n as_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o part_n be_v that_o be_v within_o if_o this_o be_v then_o must_v the_o ark_n become_v heavy_a not_o because_o the_o man_n body_n make_v it_o heavy_a but_o because_o there_o be_v less_o air_n in_o the_o ark_n than_o before_o and_o therefore_o there_o arise_v a_o inequality_n between_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o footstool_n and_o the_o weight_n or_o rather_o lightness_n of_o the_o ark._n for_o if_o 1680_o pound_n of_o lead_n be_v the_o just_a counterbalance_n of_o it_o when_o it_o have_v 30_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o air_n within_o it_o it_o must_v exceed_v when_o there_o be_v less_o air_n in_o it_o but_o there_o occure_v here_o two_o difficulty_n the_o first_o be_v what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o as_o much_o weight_n must_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o footstool_n as_o be_v the_o the_o precise_a weight_n of_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n second_o how_o shall_v we_o come_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o that_o weight_n that_o be_v to_o know_v distinct_o how_o many_o pound_n or_o ounce_n it_o be_v of_o for_o answer_v let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n be_v just_a as_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o his_o own_o half_a this_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o scruple_n see_v a_o man_n body_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a and_o natural_a weight_n with_o water_n and_o though_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o small_a difference_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o make_v or_o produce_v any_o insufficiency_n in_o the_o argument_n for_o these_o demonstration_n be_v not_o mathematical_a but_o physical_a therefore_o as_o much_o water_n in_o bulk_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v within_o the_o ark_n must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o half_a of_o the_o man_n now_o suppose_v the_o half_a of_o the_o man_n to_o weigh_v 112_o pound_n and_o consequent_o that_o water_n to_o weigh_v as_o much_o i_o affirm_v the_o say_a water_n to_o contain_v 3456_o cubique_fw-la inch_n but_o 3456_o cubique_fw-la inch_n make_v exact_o two_o cubique_fw-la foot_n which_o i_o gather_v thus_o seven_o pound_n of_o water_n require_v 216_o cubique_fw-la inch_n because_o a_o cube_n of_o six_o inch_n weigh_v exact_o seven_o pound_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n 112_o pound_n will_v require_v 3456_o inch_n which_o amount_v to_o two_o cubique_fw-la foot_n the_o ark_n then_o by_o receive_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n body_n lose_v two_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o air_n therefore_o if_o 30_o foot_n of_o air_n require_v 1680_o pound_n weight_n of_o lead_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o 28_o foot_n of_o air_n must_v require_v only_o 1568_o pound_n therefore_o to_o make_v a_o new_a counterbalance_n you_o must_v deduce_v 112_o pound_n from_o the_o footstool_n this_o answer_v both_o the_o difficulty_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o footstool_n weigh_v less_o in_o water_n than_o in_o air_n therefore_o it_o must_v be_v heavy_a than_o 1680_o pound_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o abstract_n from_o that_o difference_n till_o the_o just_a calculation_n be_v once_o make_v and_o that_o be_v now_o do_v i_o say_v that_o a_o cube_n of_o lead_n 16_o inch_n weigh_v 1680_o pound_n if_o lead_v be_v 13_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n will_v lose_v about_o 130_o pound_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v as_o much_o less_o in_o water_n than_o in_o air_n as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o expel_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o a_o cube_n of_o lead_n of_o 16_o inch_n expel_v a_o cube_n of_o water_n 16_o inch_n but_o a_o cube_n of_o water_n 16_o inch_n weigh_v 130_o pound_n which_o i_o gather_v thus_o 216_o inch_n or_o a_o cube_n of_o six_o inch_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n therefore_o 4032_o inch_n must_v weigh_v 130_o pound_n for_o if_o 216_o give_v 7,4032_o must_v give_v 130._o but_o to_o return_v though_o there_o be_v small_a difficulty_n to_o let_v it_o down_o and_o to_o sink_v it_o 20_o or_o 30_o fathom_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o small_a difficulty_n to_o pull_v it_o up_o again_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v this_o because_o the_o further_a down_o it_o go_v the_o air_n within_o be_v the_o more_o contract_v and_o thrust_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n towards_o the_o roof_n by_o this_o mean_n though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n between_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n and_o the_o ark_n yet_o 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n down_o the_o difference_n be_v great_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o one_o far_o exceed_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v great_a difficulty_n to_o pull_v it_o up_o from_o 10_o fathom_n than_o from_o 5_o and_o yet_o more_o difficulty_n from_o 20_o than_o from_o 10._o however_o yet_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o the_o ark_n in_o go_v down_o become_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a so_o in_o come_v up_o it_o grow_v light_a and_o light_a therefore_o less_o strength_n be_v require_v in_o pull_v it_o up_o from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o five_o fathom_n than_o from_o the_o fifteen_o to_o the_o ten_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o come_v up_o the_o air_n within_o expand_n itself_o and_o fill_v more_o space_n in_o the_o ark_n which_o in_o effect_n make_v it_o light_a and_o more_o able_a to_o overcome_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n to_o make_v these_o thing_n more_o evident_a let_v we_o suppose_v that_o when_o the_o ark_n be_v down_o 18_o or_o 20_o fathom_n the_o air_n to_o be_v contract_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n from_o l_o m_o to_o p_o qui_fw-fr 12_o inch_n next_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o footstool_n be_v 1680_o pound_n now_o if_o this_o weight_n be_v the_o just_a counterpoise_n of_o the_o ark_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n then_o sure_o it_o must_v far_o exceed_v it_o now_o when_o it_o be_v 20_o fathom_n down_o because_o the_o air_n that_o be_v 30_o foot_n be_v now_o reduce_v to_o 21._o count_n then_o and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o if_o 30_o require_v 1680_o 21_o will_v only_o require_v 1176_o therefore_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n will_v exceed_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o ark_n at_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a by_o 504_o pound_n this_o will_v be_v yet_o more_o evident_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o while_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ark_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n above_o the_o water_n thrust_v out_o of_o '_o its_o own_o place_n by_o this_o bulk_n be_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o both_o lead_n and_o ark._n but_o when_o '_o its_o down_o 20_o fathom_n and_o the_o air_n reduce_v from_o l_o m_o to_o p_o qui_fw-fr there_o can_v be_v so_o much_o water_n expel_v now_o as_o before_o see_v the_o space_n l_o m_o p_o qui_fw-fr be_v full_a of_o water_n now_o i_o say_v the_o lead_n at_o 20_o fathom_n must_v be_v exact_o so_o much_o heavy_a than_o the_o ark_n as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o say_a water_n l_o m_o p_o q_o which_o in_o effect_n will_v be_v 504._o pound_n for_o '_o its_o a_o square_a body_n 36_o inch_n in_o thickness_n and_o 12_o in_o deepness_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o rope_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o let_v down_o the_o ark_n for_o the_o long_o it_o be_v and_o more_o of_o it_o go_v out_o it_o be_v the_o heavy_a and_o more_o troublesome_a to_o pull_v up_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o cure_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o find_v out_o a_o way_n how_o to_o keep_v a_o just_a counterpoise_n between_o the_o lead_n and_o the_o ark_n all_o the_o time_n it_o be_v in_o go_v down_o if_o the_o air_n within_o do_v

as_o cork●_n or_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n with_o it_o as_o some_o wood_n be_v or_o la_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n as_o lead_v or_o gold_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o body_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n can_v weigh_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v natural_o light_a their_o whole_a weight_n be_v support_v by_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o not_o one_o part_n of_o they_o can_v be_v bear_v up_o by_o a_o balance_n above_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n that_o weigh_v 12_o ounce_n in_o the_o air_n weigh_v nothing_o in_o water_n because_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o touch_v the_o surface_n the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o be_v support_v and_o therefore_o can_v affect_v the_o balance_n above_o but_o body_n of_o the_o three_o sort_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o experience_n and_o reason_n do_v real_o weigh_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n their_o whole_a weight_n can_v be_v support_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o some_o part_n of_o they_o must_v burden_v the_o balance_n to_o which_o the_o body_n be_v knit_v a_o piece_n of_o lead_n that_o weigh_v 12_o ounce_n in_o the_o air_n will_v not_o lose_v above_o 2_o ounce_n when_o '_o be_v weigh_v in_o water_n or_o may_v be_v less_o but_o here_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n the_o question_n than_o be_v in_o order_n to_o body_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n with_o water_n as_o some_o wood_n be_v or_o as_o water_n be_v i_o say_v of_o such_o also_o that_o they_o can_v weigh_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o being_z ●ust_z of_o the_o same_o weight_n must_v have_v their_o whole_a weight_n support_v by_o it_o even_o as_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n support_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o foot_n above_o it_o it_o may_v be_v evidence_v after_o this_o manner_n take_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o add_v weight_n to_o it_o by_o degree_n till_o it_o become_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o water_n knit_v it_o with_o a_o string_n to_o a_o balance_n and_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o whole_a weight_n support_v by_o the_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o be_v leave_v to_o itself_o it_o can_v go_v no_o further_o down_o than_o till_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n now_o the_o whole_a weight_n be_v thus_o support_v not_o one_o ounce_n of_o it_o can_v burden_v the_o balance_n in_o a_o word_n the_o balance_n can_v never_o be_v burden_v unless_o the_o body_n that_o be_v knit_v to_o it_o have_v a_o inclination_n to_o go_v to_o the_o ground_n when_o leave_v to_o itself_o which_o a_o body_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o water_n can_v never_o have_v i_o conclude_v then_o if_o a_o body_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o water_n can_v weigh_v in_o water_n neither_o can_v water_n weigh_v in_o water_n see_v water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n with_o water_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n e_o f_o r_o that_o be_v now_o within_o the_o bubble_n can_v in_o anywise_o burden_v the_o balance_n above_o but_o must_v be_v support_v whole_o by_o the_o water_n i_o k_o g_o h_n upon_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o glass_n itself_o be_v support_v by_o the_o balance_n because_o '_o it_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n therefore_o the_o water_n within_o that_o rest_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o it_o must_v be_v support_v likewise_o by_o it_o i_o answer_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o support_v by_o the_o balance_n but_o only_o a_o part_n the_o water_n i_o k_n g_o h_n support_v the_o other_o part_n and_o this_o part_n be_v just_a as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n that_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o glass_n now_o if_o the_o say_a water_n support_v so_o much_o of_o the_o glass_n because_o it_o be_v the_o just_a weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n why_o shall_v it_o not_o also_o support_v the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n see_v the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n be_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n e_o f_o r._n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n b_o that_o turn_n the_o scale_n when_o the_o water_n come_v in_o at_o c_o and_o fill_v the_o half_a of_o the_o sphere_n for_o understand_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v first_o the_o weight_n that_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n o_o to_o weigh_v six_o ounce_n second_o that_o the_o glass_n take_v 12_o ounce_n to_o sink_v it_o complete_o under_o the_o surface_n a_o d._n three_o the_o weight_n b_o to_o be_v 18_o ounce_n namely_o for_o this_o cause_n first_o that_o 12_o of_o it_o may_v sink_v the_o glass_n next_o that_o the_o other_o six_o may_v counterpoise_v the_o six_o in_o the_o scale_n o._n last_o that_o the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n weigh_v six_o ounce_n i_o abstract_n from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n itself_o which_o be_v not_o considerable_a see_v the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v support_v by_o the_o water_n and_o not_o by_o the_o balance_n now_o i_o say_v it_o be_v six_o ounce_n of_o the_o weight_n b_o that_o make_v this_o alteration_n and_o turn_v the_o scale_n for_o if_o 12_o ounce_n sink_v the_o glass_n below_o the_o water_n when_o '_o its_o full_a of_o air_n and_o no_o water_n in_o it_o then_o sure_o ●ix_v be_v sufficient_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o it_o be_v half_a full_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o there_o be_v a_o less_o potentia_fw-la or_o force_n in_o six_o inch_n of_o air_n by_o the_o one_o half_a to_o counterpoise_v a_o weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n than_o in_o 12_o inch_n of_o air._n therefore_o this_o air_n be_v reduce_v from_o 12_o inch_n to_o six_o it_o must_v take_v only_o six_o ounce_n to_o sink_v it_o if_o this_o be_v than_o the_o other_o six_o ounce_n that_o now_o want_v a_o party_n to_o counterpoise_v they_o must_v burden_v the_o balance_n and_o be_v support_v by_o the_o scale_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v a_o new_a equipondium_fw-la again_o you_o must_v make_v the_o weight_n o_o 12_o ounce_n by_o add_v six_o to_o it_o that_o it_o may_v counterpoise_v 12_o of_o b_o the_o other_z six_z be_v counterpoise_v by_o the_o air_n e_o p_o f._n let_v we_o suppose_v next_o this_o glass_n to_o be_v complete_o full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o whole_a air_n expel_v in_o this_o case_n the_o scale_n o_o must_v have_v 18_o ounce_n in_o it_o for_o make_v a_o new_a equip●ndium_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v because_o there_o be_v no_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o counterpoise_v any_o part_n of_o b_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o must_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o balance_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o scale_n o_o there_o must_v be_v 18._o now_o i_o inquire_v whether_o these_o 18_o ounce_n be_v the_o equipondium_fw-la of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o lead_n b_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o can_v counterpoise_v they_o both_o see_v the_o water_n be_v now_o 12_o and_o b_o 18._o it_o must_v then_o either_o be_v the_o counterbalance_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o counterbalance_n of_o the_o lead_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o 12_o can_v be_v in_o equipondio_fw-la with_o 18_o it_o must_v then_o be_v the_o second_o or_o if_o these_o 18_o ounce_n in_o the_o scale_n o_o be_v the_o counterpoise_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o glass_n i_o inquire_v what_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n b_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o can_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o water_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o balance_n i_o conclude_v then_o that_o water_n can_v weigh_v in_o water_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o contradict_v and_o oppose_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v be_v hitherto_o confirm_v with_o so_o many_o experiment_n i_o answer_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o water_n to_o weigh_v in_o water_n be_v another_o the_o first_o be_v when_o one_o pillar_n of_o water_n counterpoise_n another_o or_o when_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n counterpoise_n a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n or_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n all_o which_o be_v in_o order_n to_o the_o natural_a balance_n wherein_o body_n weigh_v only_o according_a to_o altitude_n the_o second_o be_v when_o water_n be_v not_o counterpoise_v by_o water_n or_o by_o mercury_n or_o by_o air_n or_o by_o any_o other_o fluid_a but_o when_o '_o be_v

a_o magnitude_n of_o water_n 34_o foot_n in_o height_n 12_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o six_o inch_n in_o breadth_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o any_o pillar_n of_o air_n may_v be_v know_v by_o know_v only_o the_o dimension_n of_o it_o in_o breadth_n and_o length_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n can_v be_v know_v unless_o all_o the_o three_o common_a dimension_n of_o it_o be_v first_o know_v the_o reason_n be_v this_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o different_a height_n therefore_o not_o only_o must_v they_o be_v know_v secundum_fw-la longitudinem_fw-la &_o latitudinem_fw-la in_o length_n and_o breadth_n but_o secundum_fw-la profunditatem_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o deepness_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v then_o what_o each_o particular_a pillar_n weigh_v first_o then_o try_v how_o much_o weight_n be_v in_o a_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n and_o have_v find_v this_o to_o be_v v_o g._n 56_o pound_n you_o may_v determine_v that_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 34_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a weigh_v 1904_o pound_n a_o pillar_n 34_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n thick_a weigh_v 476_o pound_n note_v that_o in_o a_o cube_n of_o water_n six_o inch_n thick_a there_o be_v 216_o inch_n which_o weigh_v seven_o pound_n in_o a_o pillar_n 12_o inch_n thick_a and_o 20_o fathom_n or_o 100_o foot_n high_a you_o will_v find_v 5600_o pound_n weight_n in_o one_o of_o the_o same_o thickness_n but_o 200_o fathom_n high_a there_o be_v 56000_o fifty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n in_o a_o pillar_n three_o foot_n square_a and_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a there_o be_v 50400_o fifty_o thousand_o and_o four_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n make_v it_o 800_o fathom_n high_a with_o that_o thickness_n and_o it_o will_v weigh_v 504000_o five_o hundred_o and_o four_o thousand_o pound_n but_o if_o according_a to_o the_o theorem_fw-la 25_o you_o consider_v the_o 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pipe_n be_v about_o half_a full_a of_o air_n and_o half_a full_a of_o water_n and_o invert_v so_o much_o of_o the_o water_n fall_v out_o and_o consequent_o so_o many_o inch_n do_v the_o air_n above_o it_o expand_v itself_o so_o to_o make_v this_o pipe_n that_o be_v 34_o foot_n high_a half_o full_a of_o air_n and_o half_a full_a of_o water_n you_o must_v pour_v in_o about_o 19_o foot_n of_o water_n and_o the_o 15_o foot_n of_o air_n that_o be_v in_o it_o beside_o will_n when_o the_o pipe_n be_v invert_v go_v up_o and_o expand_v itself_o to_o 17_o foot_n two_o foot_n of_o water_n fall_v out_o i_o infer_v from_o the_o seven_o assertion_n that_o when_o there_o be_v two_o fluid_n of_o different_a gravity_n and_o weight_n counterpoise_v a_o three_o by_o what_o proportion_n the_o one_o grow_v light_a by_o that_o same_o proportion_n the_o other_o become_v heavy_a for_o when_o the_o water_n e_o k_n that_o weigh_v 952_o pound_n become_v e_z n_o that_o weigh_v 476_o the_o air_n above_o it_o 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age_n have_v reject_v the_o old_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n nourish_v of_o plant_n or_o be_v convert_v into_o their_o aliment_n have_v make_v many_o laudable_a experiment_n for_o find_v out_o the_o material_n and_o mean_n of_o their_o growth_n and_o vegetation_n such_o as_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n observe_v of_o germination_n helmont_n of_o a_o willow_n and_o the_o noble_a mr._n boyl_n of_o a_o gourd_n etc._n etc._n for_o though_o a_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o root_n thereof_o wax_v old_a in_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o stock_n die_v in_o the_o ground_n yet_o through_o the_o send_v of_o water_n it_o will_v bud_v as_o job_n speak_v chap._n 14._o 7_o 8_o 9_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o short_a remark_n of_o a_o willow_n grow_v without_o earth_n upon_o the_o 13_o of_o april_n 1662._o i_o set_v a_o top_n branch_n of_o the_o peach-leafed_a willow_n in_o a_o glass-viol_n among_o 12_o ounce_n of_o pure_a spring_n water_n with_o three_o small_a bud_n upon_o the_o top_n thereof_o 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dimension_n with_o the_o water_n e_o at_o the_o top_n yet_o it_o be_v real_o heavy_a which_o happen_v as_o i_o say_v from_o the_o superior_a pressure_n it_o be_v clear_a also_o from_o this_o namely_o the_o cube_n of_o timber_n e_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n be_v thrust_v down_o to_o q_o come_v up_o to_o the_o top_n again_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o the_o water_n qui_fw-fr be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n e._n i_o suppose_v the_o water_n e_o and_o the_o timber_n e_o to_o be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n and_o consequent_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o timber_n to_o lie_v horizontal_n with_o b_o c_o d._n now_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o timber_n ascend_v from_o q_o to_o e_o be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o namely_o that_o the_o one_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o for_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o water_n p_o be_v more_o press_v up_o with_o the_o timber_n exist_v in_o q_o then_o with_o the_o water_n q_n itself_o it_o must_v yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ascent_n for_o if_o the_o cube_n of_o timber_n exist_v in_o q_o be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o water_n q_n itself_o it_o will_v no_o more_o press_v upon_o p_o or_o endeavour_v to_o be_v up_o than_o the_o water_n q_n do_v theorem_fw-la xviii_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v less_o in_o water_n then_o in_o air._n figure_n 1._o this_o be_v easy_o prove_v from_o experience_n for_o after_o you_o have_v weigh_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o air_n and_o find_v it_o two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a take_v it_o and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o thread_n knit_v to_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o half_o a_o pound_n light_a the_o question_n than_o be_v why_o do_v it_o lose_v half_a a_o pound_n of_o its_o weight_n i_o answer_v the_o stone_n become_v half_o a_o pound_n light_a because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o it_o for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o stone_n be_v rest_v in_o r_o that_o weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o air_n it_o behove_v to_o weigh_v but_o two_o pound_n in_o this_o water_n because_o the_o water_n t_n sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o it_o for_o if_o this_o water_n t_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o water_n r_o that_o weigh_v half_o a_o pound_n it_o must_v be_v also_o able_a to_o sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o the_o stone_n see_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o stone_n be_v no_o heavy_a then_o half_a a_o pound_n of_o water_n note_v that_o when_o a_o heavy_a body_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n it_o become_v so_o much_o light_a exact_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o thrust_v out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n theorem_fw-la xix_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v less_o nigh_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n then_o nigh_o the_o top_n thereof_o figure_n 1._o for_o clear_v this_o proposition_n i_o must_v suppose_v from_o the_o 17._o theorem_fw-la that_o the_o low_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v they_o be_v 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much_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o expel_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o thrust_v nine_o ounce_n of_o water_n out_o of_o its_o own_o place_n in_o q_o and_o but_o eight_o in_o n_o or_o i_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v one_o ounce_n light_a in_o the_o one_o place_n then_o in_o the_o other_o this_o may_v be_v try_v with_o a_o nice_a and_o accurate_a balance_n which_o will_v bring_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o namely_o how_o much_o the_o foot_n of_o water_n q_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n n_o or_o o._n theorem_fw-la xx._n one_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a can_v be_v under_o compression_n unless_o all_o the_o part_n next_o adjacent_a be_v under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o pressure_n figure_n 1._o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o instance_n for_o when_o the_o air_n of_o a_o windgun_n be_v reduce_v to_o less_o quantity_n by_o the_o rammer_n all_o the_o part_n be_v most_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o bensil_n so_o be_v it_o in_o a_o bladder_n full_a of_o wind_n it_o be_v true_a not_o only_o in_o order_n to_o this_o artificial_a pressure_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o natural_a pressure_n and_o bensil_n of_o the_o air_n likewise_o for_o the_o air_n within_o a_o parlour_n have_v all_o its_o part_n under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o natural_a compression_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v without_o and_o immediate_o under_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o be_v evident_a also_o in_o

quicksilver_n therefore_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n that_o counterpoise_v the_o pillar_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n be_v 14000_o time_n high_o the_o one_o be_v 29_o inch_n and_o therefore_o the_o other_o be_v 406000_o inch_n which_o will_v amount_v to_o 33833_o foot_n or_o about_o 6766_o fathom_n count_v five_o foot_n to_o a_o fathom_n and_o because_o air_n be_v count_v 1000_o time_n light_a than_o water_n therefore_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n that_o sustain_v the_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v 1000_o time_n high_o the_o height_n of_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v 34_o foot_n and_o therefore_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o thousand_o time_n 34_o foot_n and_o because_o water_n be_v reckon_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n therefore_o you_o will_v find_v even_o by_o experience_n that_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n that_o counterpoise_n the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n be_v 14_o time_n high_o for_o if_o the_o mercury_n be_v 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superstructure_n but_o the_o intention_n be_v not_o only_o to_o describe_v such_o and_o such_o thing_n but_o to_o build_v such_o and_o such_o theorem_n upon_o they_o and_o to_o infer_v such_o and_o such_o conclusion_n as_o shall_v make_v a_o stately_a building_n and_o give_v a_o man_n in_o a_o short_a time_n a_o full_a view_n of_o this_o excellent_a doctrine_n for_o the_o first_o experiment_n then_o prepare_v a_o vessel_n of_o any_o quantity_n as_o a_o b_o c_o d_o near_o half_a full_a of_o water_n who_o surface_n be_v m_o h._n prepare_v also_o two_o glass-pipe_n the_o one_o wide_a the_o other_o narrow_a open_a at_o both_o end_n which_o must_v be_v thrust_v down_o below_o the_o water_n first_o stop_v the_o two_o upper_a orifice_n e_z and_o f._n this_o do_v open_v the_o say_v orifice_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n ascend_v in_o the_o wide_a to_o g_z and_o in_o the_o narrow_a to_o h._n now_o the_o question_n be_v what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n do_v not_o 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within_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o surface_n l_o k_n with_o as_o great_a a_o burden_n as_o the_o outward_a water_n press_v it_o for_o understand_v this_o you_o must_v know_v that_o when_o the_o orifice_n i_o be_v thrust_v down_o below_o the_o water_n there_o arise_v a_o sort_n of_o debate_n between_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n the_o water_n strive_v to_o be_v in_o at_o ay_o and_o the_o air_n strive_v to_o keep_v it_o out_o but_o because_o the_o water_n be_v the_o strong_a party_n it_o enter_v the_o orifice_n i_o and_o cause_v the_o air_n retire_v a_o little_a up_o one_o four_o part_n or_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o i_o and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v a_o real_a compression_n it_o suffer_v for_o the_o orifice_n e_o being_z stop_v hinder_v any_o more_o compression_n than_o what_o be_v say_v in_o which_o instant_a of_o time_n the_o debate_n end_v the_o air_n no_o more_o yield_v and_o the_o water_n no_o more_o urge_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o air_n have_v obtain_v a_o degree_n of_o bensil_n more_o than_o ordinary_a by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o little_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o come_v in_o at_o ay_o press_v the_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n it_o rest_v upon_o with_o as_o great_a weight_n as_o the_o outward_a water_n press_v the_o part_n it_o rest_v upon_o but_o when_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v open_v the_o outward_a water_n m_o l_o and_o h_n k_o press_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n l_o k_n more_o than_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n can_v do_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o open_v the_o orifice_n above_o the_o internal_a air_n that_o suffer_v a_o degree_n of_o bensil_n more_o than_o ordinary_a present_o be_v free_v and_o consequent_o become_v of_o less_o force_n and_o weight_n which_o the_o water_n find_v that_o have_v a_o little_a enter_v the_o orifice_n i_o instant_o ascend_v to_o g_z it_o be_v less_o press_v than_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o ascend_v no_o high_a than_o g_z be_v take_v from_o the_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o body_n that_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n m_o g_o h_o for_o assoon_o as_o it_o come_v that_o length_n all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o horizontal_a plain_n of_o water_n be_v uniform_o press_v with_o the_o incumb_a air_n both_o within_o the_o pipe_n and_o without_o the_o pipe_n the_o water_n in_o go_v up_o can_v halt_v midway_n between_o i_o and_o g_o for_o then_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o unequal_a pressure_n in_o fluid_n without_o motion_n which_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o water_n be_v still_o strong_a than_o the_o air_n till_o once_o it_o climb_v up_o to_o g._n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o in_o water_n there_o be_v a_o pressure_n and_o force_n because_o have_v open_v the_o orifice_n e_o which_o be_v only_o causa_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la of_o this_o motion_n the_o water_n be_v press_v up_o from_o i_o to_o g._n we_o see_v second_o that_o fluid_a body_n can_v never_o cease_v from_o motion_n till_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a pressure_n among_o the_o part_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n from_o i_o to_o g_o which_o can_v halt_v in_o any_o part_n between_o ay_o and_o g_o because_o of_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n till_o it_o once_o climb_v up_o to_o g._n we_o see_v three_o that_o fluid_a body_n do_v not_o sustain_v or_o counterpoise_v one_o another_o according_a to_o their_o thickness_n and_o breadth_n but_o only_o according_a to_o their_o altitude_n because_o there_o be_v not_o here_o any_o proportion_n between_o the_o slender_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n k_o within_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o outward_a water_n that_o sustain_v it_o i_o mean_v as_o to_o the_o thickness_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o

d_o some_o inch_n of_o water_n fall_v out_o as_o will_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n suppose_v then_o that_o of_o four_o foot_n six_o inch_n fall_v out_o if_o this_o be_v than_o the_o enclose_a air_n between_o p_o and_o t_o must_v be_v 〈◊〉_d inch_n long_o if_o this_o be_v then_o of_o necessity_n the_o bensil_n of_o it_o must_v be_v proportionable_o remit_v and_o slacken_v whence_o follow_v by_o metaphysical_a necessity_n that_o it_o can_v burden_v the_o water_n p_o m_o with_o as_o much_o weight_n as_o it_o have_v and_o consequent_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n can_v be_v so_o much_o burden_v it_o must_v then_o be_v no_o more_o burden_v with_o they_o both_o together_o than_o it_o be_v with_o the_o single_a pillar_n of_o air_n y_o n._n if_o then_o the_o water_n p_o m_o be_v three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n t_o p_o must_v be_v exact_o the_o weight_n of_o thirty_o foot_n of_o water_n and_o a_o half_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n for_o by_o it_o the_o water_n o_o i_o be_v suspend_v and_o by_o the_o same_o pressure_n be_v the_o water_n p_o m_o suspend_v we_o see_v second_o that_o in_o air_n there_o be_v a_o power_n of_o dilate_v itself_o and_o that_o this_o dilatation_n never_o happen_v without_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o bensil_n we_o see_v three_o that_o one_o fluid_a can_v sustain_v another_o unless_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o one_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o other_o as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o aërial_a surface_n that_o can_v sustain_v the_o whole_a four_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o suffer_v six_o inch_n of_o it_o to_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o air_n above_o it_o may_v become_v equal_a to_o its_o own_o potentia_fw-la we_o see_v four_a that_o fluid_a body_n have_v not_o only_o a_o power_n of_o press_v downward_o but_o of_o press_v upward_o likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o water_n o_o i_o that_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n h_n i_o k._n it_o press_v upward_o also_o while_o it_o support_v the_o water_n p_o m._n this_o experiment_n also_o answer_v a_o case_n namely_o whether_o or_o not_o it_o be_v always_o needful_a to_o guard_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tub_n of_o the_o baroscope_n with_o stagnant_a quicksilver_n i_o say_v then_o it_o be_v not_o always_o needful_a provide_v the_o orifice_n be_v of_o a_o narrow_a diameter_n for_o experience_n tell_v that_o while_o it_o be_v such_o the_o mercury_n will_v subside_o and_o halt_v at_o 29_o inch_n above_o the_o orifice_n though_o no_o stagnant_a mercury_n be_v to_o guard_v in_o make_v this_o trial_n the_o orifice_n must_v be_v no_o wide_o than_o may_v admit_v the_o point_n of_o a_o needle_n or_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v the_o wideness_n of_o a_o tobacco-pipe_n yet_o will_v the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v though_o the_o end_n be_v not_o drown_v among_o stagnant_a quicksilver_n even_o as_o the_o water_n p_o m_o be_v keep_v up_o without_o stagnant_a water_n about_o it_o for_o trial_n of_o this_o you_o must_v first_o let_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v put_v down_o among_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o after_o the_o cylinder_n be_v fall_v down_o to_o its_o own_o proper_a altitude_n lift_v up_o the_o pipe_n slow_o till_o the_o orifice_n come_v above_o the_o surface_n and_o you_o will_v find_v provide_v you_o do_v not_o shake_v the_o pipe_n the_o cylinder_n to_o be_v suspend_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n immediate_o by_o the_o air_n as_o the_o water_n p_o m_o be_v experiment_n vii_o figure_n 10_o 11._o take_v a_o vessel_n of_o any_o quantity_n such_o as_o a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n and_o a_o glass-pipe_n such_o as_o g_o f_o d_o of_o 15_o or_o 20_o inch_n long_o of_o any_o wideness_n close_o above_o and_o open_v below_o before_o you_o drown_v the_o open_a end_n among_o the_o water_n hold_v the_o glass_n before_o the_o fire_n till_o it_o be_v pretty_a hot_a and_o have_v put_v it_o down_o you_o will_v see_v the_o water_n begin_v to_o creep_v up_o till_o it_o come_v to_o f_o where_o it_o halt_v the_o question_n now_o be_v what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n creep_v up_o after_o this_o manner_n 10_o or_o 12_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n a_o b_o i_o answer_v the_o heat_n have_v rarify_v the_o air_n within_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v expel_v much_o of_o it_o and_o the_o air_n now_o contract_v itself_o again_o with_o cold_a the_o water_n ascend_v be_v press_v up_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumb_a air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n a_o b._n there_o be_v here_o sure_o a_o inequality_n between_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n that_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n i_o judge_v then_o the_o inequality_n to_o consist_v between_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n c_o d_o e._n to_o explicate_v this_o i_o must_v suppose_v the_o pipe_n to_o be_v thrust_v down_o cold_a in_o this_o case_n little_a or_o no_o water_n can_v enter_v the_o orifice_n d._n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o glass_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n c_o d_o e._n but_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v thrust_v down_o hot_a much_o of_o the_o air_n have_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o heat_n and_o now_o begin_v to_o be_v contract_v by_o cold_a the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o air_n become_v unequal_a to_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o strong_a party_n drive_v up_o the_o air_n within_o the_o glass_n till_o by_o this_o ascent_n the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o air_n g_o f_o and_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n f_o d_o together_z become_v equal_a to_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n c_o d_o e_o that_o sustain_v they_o for_o a_o second_o trial_n bring_v a_o hot_a coal_n near_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n between_o g_z and_o f_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o water_n to_o creep_v down_o from_o f_o towards_o the_o surface_n a_o b_o and_o if_o it_o continue_v any_o space_n it_o will_v drive_v down_o the_o whole_a water_n and_o thrust_v it_o out_o at_o d._n to_o explicate_v this_o i_o must_v suppose_v that_o heat_n by_o rarify_n the_o air_n within_o the_o glass_n intend_v and_o increase_v the_o bensil_n of_o it_o and_o the_o bensil_n be_v now_o make_v strong_a there_o must_v arise_v a_o inequality_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o say_a air_n and_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n c_o d_o e_o the_o air_n then_o be_v the_o strong_a party_n cause_v the_o surface_n to_o yield_v by_o compare_v this_o experiment_n with_o the_o former_a we_o see_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o dilatation_n of_o air_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n and_o by_o constraint_n for_o while_o it_o be_v willing_o expanded_a the_o bensil_n begin_v to_o grow_v slack_a and_o remiss_a and_o lose_v by_o degree_n of_o its_o strength_n even_o as_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o watch_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wheel_n become_v remiss_a but_o when_o the_o dilatation_n be_v make_v by_o heat_n and_o the_o air_n compel_v to_o expand_v and_o open_v itself_o the_o bensil_n become_v the_o strong_a and_o the_o pressure_n the_o great_a notwithstanding_o though_o the_o bensil_n of_o this_o enclose_a air_n g_o f_o may_v be_v make_v strong_a by_o heat_n to_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o water_n f_o d_o yet_o if_o this_o rarefact_n on_o continue_v any_o time_n the_o bensil_n become_v dull_a and_o slack_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o air_n can_v be_v expanded_a and_o open_v to_o any_o quantity_n a_o inch_n can_v be_v dilate_v and_o open_v to_o a_o hundred_o or_o to_o a_o thousand_o neither_o can_v the_o bensil_n of_o it_o be_v intend_v and_o increase_v to_o any_o degree_n v_o g._n from_o one_o to_o 20_o 30_o or_o 100_o and_o therefore_o as_o the_o expansion_n grow_v the_o bensil_n must_v at_o length_n slacken_v but_o if_o so_o be_v the_o air_n be_v enclose_v as_o in_o a_o bladder_n knit_v about_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o string_n than_o the_o more_o heat_n the_o more_o bensil_n for_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v a_o growth_n of_o pressure_n without_o dilatation_n and_o sometime_o the_o bensil_n may_v be_v so_o intend_v with_o the_o heat_n that_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v burst_v asunder_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 21_o theorem_fw-la namely_o that_o there_o may_v be_v as_o much_o bensil_n and_o pressure_n in_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o a_o fluid_a as_o in_o the_o great_a as_o be_v

a_o equipondium_fw-la there_o be_v no_o pressure_n in_o they_o at_o all_o for_o answer_v consider_v first_o that_o in_o all_o counterpoise_n there_o be_v necessary_o two_o thing_n the_o movens_fw-la and_o the_o motum_fw-la the_o thing_n that_o move_v and_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v move_v second_o you_o must_v consider_v the_o motum_fw-la to_o have_v a_o pondu●_fw-la or_o weight_n in_o it_o and_o the_o movens_fw-la to_o have_v a_o potentia_fw-la or_o power_n wherewith_o it_o move_v that_o weight_n three_o that_o as_o the_o thing_n that_o move_v have_v a_o power_n or_o force_v in_o itself_o whereby_o it_o move_v so_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v move_v have_v a_o power_n or_o force_v in_o itself_o whereby_o it_o resist_v the_o motion_n four_o that_o sometime_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o thing_n move_v may_v exceed_v the_o power_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la as_o when_o a_o quarrier_n with_o a_o leaver_n endeavour_n to_o prize_v up_o a_o stone_n too_o heavy_a for_o he_o or_o the_o power_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la may_v exceed_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o weight_n or_o both_o may_v be_v of_o equal_a power_n consider_v five_o that_o as_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n move_v begin_v to_o grow_v more_o and_o more_o so_o the_o power_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la decrease_v proportionable_o not_o absolute_o as_o heat_n be_v extinguish_v in_o water_n by_o the_o cold_a air_n when_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o fire_n but_o respective_o for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n hold_v a_o balance_n in_o his_o hand_n with_o six_o pound_n in_o the_o one_o scale_n and_o but_o one_o pound_n in_o the_o other_o if_o you_o add_v another_o pound_n the_o weight_n grow_v more_o and_o the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n grow_v less_o proportionable_o not_o absolute_o for_o it_o still_o remain_v six_o pound_n but_o respective_o that_o be_v to_o say_v six_o pound_n be_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o four_o than_o in_o respect_n of_o five_o or_o the_o resistance_n of_o six_o pound_n be_v less_o two_o counterpoise_v it_o than_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o one_o when_o a_o three_o be_v add_v the_o weight_n grow_v yet_o more_o and_o consequent_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n become_v yet_o less_o till_o by_o add_v the_o six_o and_o last_o pound_n you_o augment_v and_o increase_v the_o pondus_fw-la to_o that_o same_o degree_n of_o strength_n that_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n be_v of_o from_o these_o consideration_n i_o say_v the_o surface_n of_o air_n f_o g_o have_v not_o lose_v all_o its_o pressure_n absolute_o by_o raise_v the_o mercury_n from_o g_o to_o h_n but_o only_o respective_o because_o it_o still_o retain_v 29_o degree_n of_o force_n in_o itself_o i_o say_v respective_o because_o when_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v ten_o inch_n the_o power_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v of_o 29_o degree_n of_o force_n be_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o ten_o ounce_n then_o in_o respect_n of_o five_o or_o the_o power_n of_o 29_o degree_n of_o force_n be_v less_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o ten_o ounce_n than_o be_v counterpoise_v only_o by_o five_o and_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v 20_o it_o be_v yet_o less_o in_o this_o respect_n than_o in_o respect_n of_o ten_o and_o when_o it_o have_v raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o the_o great_a altitude_n h_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o its_o pressure_n see_v it_o be_v not_o able_a by_o virtue_n of_o a_o counterpoise_n to_o do_v any_o more_o even_o as_o six_o pound_n in_o this_o scale_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o its_o resistance_n and_o weight_n by_o put_v in_o the_o other_o scale_n first_o one_o pound_n next_o two_o pound_n and_o then_o three_o pound_n till_o the_o last_o be_v put_v in_o at_o which_o time_n it_o have_v no_o more_o resistance_n though_o this_o be_v yet_o it_o still_o remain_v six_o pound_n even_o so_o the_o air_n f_o g_z still_o remain_v of_o the_o same_o force_n and_o power_n while_o it_o suspend_v the_o mercury_n g_o h_n that_o it_o be_v of_o before_o likewise_o the_o pillar_n a_o b_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o its_o pressure_n absolute_o by_o fall_v down_o from_o a_o to_o c_o but_o only_o respective_o because_o the_o say_a pillar_n c_o b_o be_v still_o 29_o ounce_n weight_n i_o say_v respective_o because_o in_o fall_v down_o ten_o inch_n or_o in_o lose_v ten_o ounce_n the_o weight_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 48_o be_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o 29_o than_o while_o it_o be_v 58._o it_o be_v yet_o less_o when_o it_o have_v fall_v down_o other_o ten_o because_o be_v now_o but_o 38_o it_o must_v be_v yet_o less_o in_o respect_n of_o 29_o than_o 48._o and_o when_o it_o have_v fall_v down_o to_o c_o 29_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v lose_v all_o its_o weight_n because_o it_o can_v do_v no_o more_o have_v respective_o lose_v all_o its_o pressure_n from_o what_o be_v say_v we_o see_v a_o clear_a ground_n to_o distinguish_v in_o fluids_n a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la second_o that_o the_o potentia_fw-la may_v sometime_o exceed_v the_o pondus_fw-la and_o contrariwise_o the_o pondus_fw-la may_v exceed_v the_o potentia_fw-la three_o that_o inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o potentia_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o motion_n of_o fluids_n four_o that_o the_o motion_n never_o cease_v till_o the_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o potentia_fw-la become_v of_o equal_a force_n this_o conclusion_n be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o motion_n may_v sometime_o cease_v before_o this_o be_v for_o example_n when_o the_o air_n be_v p●●●●ing_v mercury_n up_o through_o a_o tub_n short_a than_o 29_o inch_n the_o motion_n end_v before_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a counterpoise_n for_o 20_o or_o 15_o inch_n of_o mercury_n can_v never_o counterbalance_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o the_o air._n in_o such_o a_o case_n then_o there_o be_v a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o air_n press_v the_o mercury_n more_o than_o the_o mercury_n do_v the_o air._n experiment_n viii_o figure_n 12._o take_v the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n as_o high_a as_o h_n i._o take_v next_o a_o cylinder_n of_o stone_n f_o g_o and_o drown_v the_o half_a of_o it_o among_o the_o water_n suspend_v it_o with_o a_o chord_n to_o the_o beam_n n_o o_o with_o a_o ring_n at_o e._n now_o in_o this_o case_n though_o the_o stone_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n become_v heavy_a than_o before_o for_o discover_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o i_o suppose_v first_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o stone_n be_v drow●ed_v to_o be_v 40_o pound_n i_o suppose_v next_o that_o after_o the_o stone_n be_v drown_v the_o say_a water_n to_o weigh_v 50_o pound_n and_o last_o the_o stone_n to_o weigh_v 60_o pound_n i_o say_v then_o the_o water_n must_v be_v 10_o pound_n heavy_a than_o before_o because_o it_o support_v 10_o pound_n of_o the_o stone_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o beam_n be_v less_o burden_v by_o 10_o pound_n than_o before_o if_o this_o be_v then_o sure_o the_o water_n must_v sustain_v it_o it_o be_v great_a temerity_n and_o rashness_n to_o aver_v that_o neither_o the_o beam_n nor_o the_o water_n sustain_v it_o which_o be_v real_o to_o say_v it_o be_v sustain_v by_o nothing_o it_o can_v be_v say_v without_o ignorance_n that_o 10_o pound_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v evanished_a and_o turn_v into_o a_o chimaera_n if_o it_o be_v say_v how_o can_v such_o a_o fluid_a body_n as_o water_n be_v able_a to_o support_v any_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n that_o be_v such_o a_o heavy_a body_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v here_o no_o difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n k_o l_o upon_o which_o the_o 10_o pound_n of_o the_o stone_n rest_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 10_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o suppose_v the_o stone_n take_v away_o and_o the_o place_n of_o it_o fill_v with_o water_n then_o sure_o it_o must_v also_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 10_o pound_n of_o the_o heavy_a metal_n see_v ten_o pound_n of_o lead_n or_o gold_n or_o stone_n be_v no_o heavy_a than_o 10_o pound_n of_o water_n if_o some_o say_v this_o rather_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n become_v heavy_a after_o the_o stone_n be_v drown_v because_o it_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v weigh_v 10_o pound_n not_o as_o be_v say_v because_o the_o water_n support_v 10_o pound_n of_o it_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v judge_v and_o thought_n that_o if_o the_o space_n that_o the_o stone_n occupy_v be_v fill_v with_o air_n or_o some_o light_a body_n without_o sensible_a weight_n the_o water_n will_v become_v heavy_a than_o before_o

this_o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o 28_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o burden_n the_o balance_n but_o only_o 28_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f._n neither_o do_v the_o balance_n support_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o 42_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n g_o h_n but_o it_o be_v only_o burden_v with_o 42_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n the_o reason_n be_v most_o evident_a because_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n already_o lay_v down_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o within_z the_o tub_n a_o b_o rest_v immediate_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d_o g_o and_o therefore_o can_v burden_v the_o scale_n in_o any_o wise_a the_o same_o be_v true_a of_o the_o other_o two_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n but_o in_o this_o i_o find_v small_a difficulty_n the_o great_a be_v how_o to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o the_o scale_n k_o support_v 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o and_o 28_o of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o and_o 42_o of_o the_o water_n h_n i._o to_o make_v this_o seem_v probable_a consider_v first_o as_o be_v note_v that_o this_o water_n be_v 15_o foot_n deep_a and_o consequent_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c_o 13_o foot_n 10_o inch_n the_o water_n e_o f_o 12_o foot_n eight_o inch_n and_o h_n i_o 11_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a consider_v second_o though_o this_o be_v true_a yet_o we_o must_v count_v the_o pillar_n of_o water_n z_o m_o 49_o foot_n high_a the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o all_o water_n according_a to_o the_o 25_o theorem_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n this_o then_o be_v add_v to_o 15_o make_v 49_o and_o by_o this_o reckon_n the_o water_n b_o c_o be_v 47_o foot_n ten_o inch_n the_o water_n e_o f_o 46_o foot_n eight_o inch_n and_o last_o the_o water_n h_n i_o 45_o foot_n six_o inch_n three_o for_o easy_a count_a i_o must_v suppose_v the_o whole_a cylinder_n z_o m_o to_n weigh_v 42_o ounce_n every_o 14_o inch_n one_o ounce_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n b_o c_o to_n weigh_v 41_o ounce_n the_o water_n e_o f_o to_o weigh_v 40_o ounce_n the_o water_n h_n i_o 39_o ounce_n note_v that_o in_o physical_a demonstration_n it_o be_v not_o needful_a to_o use_v mathematical_a strictness_n in_o count_v and_o so_o leave_v out_o fraction_n we_o shall_v only_o use_v round_a number_n consider_v four_a that_o in_o all_o fluid_n as_o have_v be_v frequent_o mark_v there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o potentia_fw-la the_o water_n b_o c_o be_v the_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o the_fw-fr potentia_fw-la the_o one_o strive_v to_o press_v down_o the_o tub_n the_o other_o strive_v to_o press_v it_o up_o consider_v five_o that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o a_o body_n suspend_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la be_v press_v up_o by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o the_o weight_n that_o press_v it_o down_o be_v find_v and_o contrariwise_o by_o how_o much_o the_o less_o it_o be_v press_v up_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o pressure_n above_o be_v find_v consider_v sixthly_a the_o less_o that_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n be_v burden_v the_o more_o able_a it_o be_v to_o counterbalance_v the_o opposite_a pressure_n and_o the_o more_o it_o be_v burden_v it_o be_v the_o less_o able_a consider_v seventhly_a that_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o which_o be_v evident_a in_o all_o fluid_n not_o only_o press_v downward_o and_o burden_n the_o surface_n a_o d_o g_o but_o also_o press_v upward_o and_o therefore_o actual_o endeavour_v to_o thrust_v up_o the_o tub_n and_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o tub_n be_v press_v between_o two_o namely_o between_o the_o water_n c_o b_o and_o the_o mercury_n within_o it_o now_o from_o these_o consideration_n i_o say_v the_o scale_n k_o must_v support_v and_o bear_v up_o 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o for_o see_v the_o mercury_n be_v support_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v it_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n burden_v the_o balance_n with_o its_o weight_n and_o see_v it_o actual_o press_v up_o the_o tub_n according_a to_o the_o seven_o consideration_n it_o must_v so_o much_o the_o more_o counterpoise_n according_a to_o the_o six_o the_o opposite_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o and_o consequent_o diminish_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o balance_n can_v support_v the_o whole_a but_o a_o part_n for_o according_a to_o what_o degree_n of_o force_n the_o mercury_n press_v up_o the_o tub_n with_o according_a to_o the_o same_o must_v the_o pressure_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n be_v diminish_v and_o so_o if_o the_o mercury_n press_v up_o the_o tub_n with_o the_o force_n of_o 27_o ounce_n the_o water_n b_o c_o must_v press_v it_o down_o with_o 14_o ounce_n only_o and_o so_o the_o cylinder_n b_o c_o that_o weigh_v real_o 41_o ounce_n must_v press_v the_o top_n of_o this_o tub_n only_o with_o 14_o which_o 14_o ounce_n real_o counterpoise_v the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l._n but_o how_o be_v it_o make_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o press_v up_o with_o 27_o ounce_n for_o understand_v this_o remember_v that_o the_o water_n be_v 49_o foot_n high_a take_v in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o that_o a_o water_n of_o that_o deepness_n be_v able_a to_o support_v 41_o inch_n of_o mercury_n every_o inch_n weigh_v one_o ounce_n for_o if_o 14_o of_o water_n be_v able_a to_o support_v one_o of_o mercury_n 49_o foot_n or_o 567_o inch_n must_v support_v 41._o if_o then_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n a_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v 41_o it_o must_v have_v of_o upward_a pressure_n 27_o ounce_n see_v its_o counterpoise_a de_fw-la facto_fw-la only_o with_o 14._o take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n the_o word_n press_v or_o weigh_v as_o real_o and_o true_o signify_v a_o weigh_v up_o as_o a_o weigh_v down_o see_v it_o be_v no_o less_o essential_a to_o fluid_a body_n to_o move_v upward_o than_o downward_o and_o that_o with_o equal_a force_n and_o weight_n according_a to_o this_o reason_n the_o balance_n support_v 28_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o imagine_v the_o second_o tub_n to_o be_v suspend_v as_o the_o first_o see_v the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n d_o e_o press_v up_o the_o tub_n only_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n which_o 28_o ounce_n real_o counterpoise_v the_o 28_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l._n but_o why_o do_v the_o mercury_n a_o b_o press_v up_o with_o 27_o ounce_n and_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_z with_o 12_o for_o answer_v remember_v according_a to_o the_o six_o consideration_n the_o short_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v the_o surface_n upon_o which_o it_o rest_v be_v the_o strong_a and_o more_o able_a to_o press_v it_o up_o and_o contrariwise_o the_o long_a it_o be_v the_o surface_n be_v the_o more_o unable_a and_o weak_a therefore_o a_o b_o being_z short_a and_o light_a than_o d_o e_z the_o surface_n of_o water_n must_v press_v it_o up_o with_o great_a force_n so_o that_o if_o the_o say_a surface_n a_o m_n be_v able_a to_o press_v up_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o with_o 27_o ounce_n it_o must_v press_v up_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_o only_a with_o 12_o ounce_n according_a to_o this_o rule_n if_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o be_v 15_o inch_n high_a it_o will_v press_v up_o only_o with_o 26_o ounce_n if_o it_o be_v 16_o with_o 25_o if_o 17_o with_o 24_o if_o 18_o with_o 23_o and_o so_o forward_o this_o lead_v we_o to_o a_o clear_a discovery_n of_o all_o the_o secret_n here_o for_o if_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o thrust_v up_o the_o pipe_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o 27_o ounce_n then_o must_v the_o scale_n k_o be_v ease_v of_o so_o much_o weight_n and_o so_o much_o must_v be_v subtract_v from_o l._n now_o let_v we_o imagine_v the_o pipe_n a_o b_o to_o be_v empty_a both_o of_o air_n water_n and_o mercury_n in_o this_o case_n 41_o ounce_n must_v be_v in_o the_o scale_n l_o to_o counterpoise_v it_o see_v the_o whole_a cylinder_n b_o c_o that_o weigh_v so_o much_o do_v now_o real_o counterpoise_v it_o let_v we_o imagine_v next_o these_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n to_o rise_v and_o fill_v the_o tub_n a_o b_o in_o this_o case_n there_o happen_v a_o great_a alteration_n because_o the_o rise_n of_o they_o be_v real_o equivalent_a to_o the_o subtract_v of_o 27_o ounce_n from_o the_o scale_n l_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o so_o rise_v and_o fill_v the_o tub_n they_o thrust_v up_o the_o say_a tub_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n ease_v the_o scale_n k_o of_o so_o much_o weight_n now_o this_o scale_n be_v ease_v you_o must_v of_o necessity_n

take_v out_o from_o l_o 27_o ounce_n for_o make_v a_o new_a counterpoise_n and_o last_o the_o scale_n k_o must_v support_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_n i_o which_o be_v 39_o ounce_n nothing_o remain_v to_o counterbalance_v this_o downward_o pressure_n and_o consequent_o to_o ease_v the_o balance_n how_o then_o be_v it_o counterpoise_v for_o clear_v this_o you_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o water_n that_o be_v real_o 15_o foot_n deep_a must_v be_v reckon_v as_o i_o say_v 49_o because_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o top_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o 34._o if_o then_o it_o be_v so_o it_o can_v raise_v mercury_n high_o in_o a_o tub_n than_o 42_o inch_n the_o one_o be_v 14_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o if_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n can_v raise_v mercury_n high_o than_o one_o inch_n 49_o foot_n can_v raise_v it_o high_o than_o 42_o inch_n for_o as_o 14_o inch_n be_v to_o one_o inch_n so_o be_v 49_o foot_n to_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v 42_o inch_n now_o i_o say_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_n i_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n and_o so_o press_v down_o the_o scale_n k_o to_o which_o you_o must_v imagine_v this_o tub_n knit_v by_o a_o string_n as_o the_o former_a be_v nothing_o remain_v to_o counterpoise_v this_o downward_o pressure_n for_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n being_n raise_v as_o high_a within_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n d_o g_o s_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o the_o say_a top_n can_v impress_v no_o force_n upon_o the_o tub_n within_o to_o thrust_v it_o up_o and_o so_o to_o ease_v the_o scale_n k._n for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n erect_v upon_o his_o hand_n a_o cylinder_n of_o timber_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a he_o can_v support_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o impress_v any_o impulse_n upon_o the_o seiling_n of_o a_o room_n above_o his_o head_n but_o if_o so_o be_v in_o stead_n of_o that_o take_v away_o there_o be_v one_o light_a erect_v which_o he_o be_v able_a to_o command_v he_o can_v easy_o thrust_v up_o the_o seiling_n at_o his_o pleasure_n just_o so_o it_o be_v here_o for_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v the_o outmost_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n d_o g_o s_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v it_o can_v impress_v any_o impulse_n therewith_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o but_o easy_o can_v the_o cylinder_n d_o e_o impress_v a_o impulse_n and_o more_o easy_o the_o cylinder_n a_o b_o see_v they_o be_v light_a and_o so_o more_o powerful_a to_o evidence_n this_o a_o little_a more_o let_v we_o imagine_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o tub_n g_o h_n to_o be_v empty_a as_o if_o vacuity_n be_v in_o it_o in_o this_o case_n the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n ought_v to_o bear_v the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o the_o balance_n to_o bear_v it_o also_o because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o potentia_fw-la within_o the_o tub_n to_o counterpoise_v this_o pondus_fw-la next_o let_v we_o imagine_v the_o tub_n to_o be_v only_o full_a of_o water_n according_a to_o this_o supposition_n the_o balance_n can_v be_v in_o the_o least_o part_n burden_v because_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n press_v it_o up_o with_o as_o much_o force_n as_o the_o water_n i_o h_n press_v it_o down_o and_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v burden_v the_o balance_n it_o will_v be_v only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o be_v not_o considerable_a from_o what_o be_v demonstrate_v we_o see_v first_o that_o though_o this_o experiment_n will_v seem_v to_o prove_v at_o the_o first_o that_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v as_o much_o in_o the_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o air_n because_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o be_v find_v in_o the_o scale_n l_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o because_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n l_o do_v not_o counterpoise_v any_o of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o but_o 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c._n second_o there_o be_v here_o a_o clear_a ground_n for_o assert_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la in_o fluids_n because_o this_o tub_n a_o b_o be_v press_v down_o with_o the_o water_n b_o c_o and_o press_v up_o with_o the_o mercury_n within_o it_o three_o there_o be_v here_o a_o clear_a ground_n for_o assert_v the_o pressure_n of_o water_n even_o in_o its_o own_o place_n because_o the_o water_n b_o c_o counterpoise_n by_o its_o weight_n the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n l._n four_o we_o see_v a_o excellent_a way_n for_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o any_o cylinder_n of_o water_n for_o whatever_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tub_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n that_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n exact_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o compare_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n g_o h_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n five_o that_o whatever_o be_v the_o height_n and_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n yet_o the_o balance_n can_v sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n this_o be_v also_o evident_a because_o the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n support_v no_o more_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o than_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n a_o b._n we_o see_v sixthly_a the_o further_a down_o a_o pipe_n with_o mercury_n go_v through_o water_n the_o great_a be_v the_o pressure_n it_o make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub_n within_o for_o put_v the_o case_n this_o be_v 100_o foot_n deep_a the_o mercury_n g_o h_n that_o want_v all_o upward_a pressure_n now_o will_v press_v up_o the_o tub_n with_o 40_o ounce_n the_o mercury_n d_o e_z with_o 55_o and_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o with_o 70._o we_o see_v seventhly_a the_o short_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v it_o be_v the_o strong_a in_o press_v and_o long_o it_o be_v it_o be_v the_o weak_a for_o there_o be_v more_o strength_n in_o a_o b_o than_z in_o d_o e._n we_o see_v eighthly_a that_o the_o strength_n decay_v and_o grow_v according_a to_o arithmetical_a progression_n as_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o because_o if_o you_o make_v the_o cylinder_n g_z h_n 41_o that_o be_v now_o 42_o it_o press_v up_o with_o one_o ounce_n make_v it_o 40_o inch_n it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o two_o ounce_n of_o weight_n make_v it_o 39_o it_o press_v up_o with_o three_o and_o contrariwise_o make_v the_o cylinder_n d_o e_o 29_o inch_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 28_o it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o 11_o ounce_n only_o with_o 28_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 12._o make_v it_o 30_o inch_n high_a it_o will_v press_v up_o with_o 10._o if_o it_o be_v 31_o inch_n it_o press_v up_o with_o nine_o and_o so_o forward_o last_o make_v the_o cylinder_n a_o b_o 15_o inch_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 14_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 26_o with_o 14_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 27_o make_v it_o 16_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 25_o make_v it_o 17_o it_o press_v up_o with_o 24._o we_o see_v ninthly_a that_o in_o fluids_n we_o may_v make_v a_o distinction_n between_o a_o sustentation_n and_o a_o equipondium_fw-la it_o be_v evident_a here_o because_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a equipondium_fw-la between_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n g_o h_n and_o the_o outward_a water_n that_o be_v 49_o foot_n deep_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o between_o the_o say_a water_n and_o the_o mercury_n d_o e_o because_o the_o say_a water_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o say_a mercury_n 14_o inch_n high_a therefore_o the_o water_n only_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n d_o e_o but_o counterballance_n the_o mercury_n g_o h._n we_o see_v tenthly_a that_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n b_o c_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o two_o distinct_a power_n real_o the_o one_o be_v the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o scale_n l_o the_o other_o be_v the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o that_o as_o real_o thrust_v up_o the_o water_n as_o the_o scale_n k_o pull_v it_o up_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o opposite_a weight_n eleven_o take_v away_o the_o stone_n l_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o pipe_n with_o the_o mercury_n a_o b_o sink_v down_o this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v it_o but_o because_o the_o 14_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o that_o be_v support_v by_o the_o stone_n do_v now_o press_v it_o down_o twelve_o the_o more_o a_o body_n be_v unequal_o press_v by_o a_o fluid_a the_o more_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o fluid_n be_v

mercury_n and_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 41_o ounce_n of_o water_n so_o much_o the_o water_n b_o c_o weigh_v which_o be_v 55_o ounce_n but_o a_o surface_n that_o have_v only_o the_o potentia_n of_o 42_o can_v never_o support_v a_o pondus_fw-la of_o 55_o no_o not_o of_o 43._o it_o may_v be_v object_v thus_o put_v the_o case_n a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n be_v suspend_v in_o this_o water_n as_o the_o pipe_n and_o mercury_n g_o h_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o balance_n will_v not_o the_o balance_n support_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o without_o support_v any_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n i_o h_n that_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o two_o because_o a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n suffer_v both_o the_o upward_a and_o downward_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o mercury_n g_o h_n suffer_v only_o the_o upward_a pressure_n be_v free_v of_o the_o downward_o by_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tub._n from_o this_o experiment_n of_o let_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mercury_n we_o see_v first_o that_o when_o two_o fluid_n be_v in_o equilibrio_n one_o with_o another_o a_o very_a small_a weight_n will_v cast_v and_o turn_v the_o scale_n because_o if_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o water_n come_v in_o at_o q_o it_o present_o alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n from_o 42_o inch_n to_o less_o second_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o support_v more_o weight_n than_o its_o own_o proper_a burden_n because_o the_o part_n s_o can_v support_v more_o no_o not_o a_o grain_n than_o 42_o ounce_n we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o support_v less_o than_o its_o own_o burden_n because_o whatever_o loss_n of_o weight_n the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n s_o qui_fw-fr suffer_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr it_o be_v make_v up_o again_o by_o the_o same_o water_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n q_n o_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a by_o far_o as_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n that_o fall_v down_o i_o answer_v its_o true_a yet_o the_o part_n s_o be_v as_o much_o burden_v as_o before_o because_o what_o be_v want_v in_o weight_n it_o be_v make_v up_o and_o compense_v by_o pressure_n we_o see_v four_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v a_o thing_n real_o distinct_a from_o the_o natural_a weight_n according_a to_o the_o 22_o theorem_fw-la because_o though_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n q_n o_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a natural_o as_o the_o 14_o inch_n of_o mercury_n that_o fall_v down_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o surface_n s_o be_v as_o much_o we_o see_v five_o that_o 14_o inch_n of_o water_n that_o be_v ●_o body_n fourteen_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n may_v have_v as_o much_o weight_n with_o they_o as_o 14_o ounce_n of_o mercury_n we_o see_v sixthly_a that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n can_v be_v suspend_v in_o air_n or_o in_o water_n unless_o it_o be_v guard_v with_o a_o tub_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o the_o downward_o pressure_n of_o that_o air_n or_o water_n for_o by_o open_v a_o hole_n in_o q_o the_o me●cury_n subside_v we_o see_v seventhly_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a 〈…〉_z fluids_n to_o suspend_v one_o another_o mutual_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o equipondium_fw-la between_o they_o because_o no_o soon_o you_o destroy_v the_o equipondium_fw-la between_o the_o 42_o inch_n of_o mercury_n q_o s_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n s_o by_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr but_o assoon_o there_o arise_v a_o new_a one_o we_o see_v eighthly_a as_o we_o note_v before_o the_o near_a a_o body_n come_v to_o be_v equal_o press_v with_o a_o fluid_a the_o less_o be_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o fluid_a sensible_a because_o less_o weight_n be_v require_v in_o the_o balance_n to_o counterpoise_v the_o pressure_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q_n after_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o_fw-fr p_o than_o after_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n q_o o._n we_o see_v ninthly_a that_o when_o a_o body_n be_v equal_o and_o uniform_o pre●●ed_v with_o a_o fluid_a the_o pressure_n be_v insensible_a because_o after_o the_o water_n have_v thrust_v down_o all_o the_o mercury_n from_o q_o to_o saint_n there_o be_v no_o more_o weight_n at_o all_o of_o the_o water_n r_o q_o find_v in_o the_o balance_n we_o see_v tenthly_a that_o not_o only_o in_o water_n the_o pressure_n of_o water_n may_v be_v find_v but_o out_o of_o it_o namely_o in_o the_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o balance_n that_o support_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n r_o q._n we_o see_v eleventhly_o a_o ground_n to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o natural_a balance_n and_o the_o artificial_a balance_n the_o artificial_a balance_n be_v the_o balance_n k_o l_o the_o natural_a be_v the_o pipe_n q_o s._n we_o see_v twelfthly_a that_o they_o keep_v a_o correspondence_n between_o themselves_o or_o some_o analogy_n for_o by_o what_o proportion_n the_o water_n thrust_v down_o the_o mercury_n by_o that_o same_o proportion_n the_o pondus_fw-la l_o of_o the_o balance_n be_v lessen_v and_o by_o what_o proportion_n the_o mercury_n rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n by_o that_o same_o be_v the_o weight_n l_o augment_v in_o the_o scale_n we_o may_v subjoin_v last_o that_o the_o easy_a way_n of_o explicate_v the_o phenomena_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a and_o true_a for_o some_o may_v think_v it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o say_v that_o the_o balance_n support_v the_o mercury_n a_o b_o or_o d_o e_o and_o not_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n b_o c_o or_o e_z f._n but_o such_o a_o way_n will_v be_v false_a and_o absurd_a and_o contrary_a to_o all_o the_o former_a doctrine_n experiment_n xii_o figure_n 16._o this_o schematism_n represent_v a_o water_n 100_o foot_n deep_a who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v i_o h_o k._n and_o l_o m_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o c_o d_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n 30_o inch_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n in_o diameter_n suspend_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o water_n a_o n_o b_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o top_n i_o h_n k_n 25_o foot_n this_o brass_n can_v go_v far_o down_o when_o demit_v from_o h_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o force_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n a_o n_o b_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o part_n b_o sustain_v the_o facto_fw-la a_o pillar_n of_o water_n k_o b_o 1400_o pound_n weight_n therefore_o the_o part_n n_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v as_o much_o i_o suppose_v here_o the_o say_a piece_n of_o brass_n to_o weigh_v 1400_o pound_n the_o water_n k_o b_o be_v 1400_o pound_n because_o its_o a_o pillar_n 25_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a for_o one_o cubical_a foot_n weigh_v 56_o pound_n trois_fw-fr the_o connexion_n of_o the_o argument_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n to_o sustain_v a_o solid_a body_n as_o to_o sustain_v a_o fluid_a body_n therefore_o if_o the_o part_n b_o support_v the_o fluid_a pillar_n k_o b_o the_o part_n n_o must_v be_v able_a to_o support_v likewise_o the_o solid_a pillar_n c_o d_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n i●_n it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o part_n n_o sustain_v beside_o the_o brass_n c_o d_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n e_o f_o 22_o foot_n high_a and_o a_o half_a which_o two_o will_v weigh_v 2260_o pound_n i_o answer_v upon_o supposition_n that_o neither_o water_n nor_o air_n succeed_v the_o space_n e_o f_o be_v void_a of_o both_o the_o brass_n will_v be_v suspend_v with_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o the_o water_n n._n and_o though_o this_o can_v be_v make_v practicable_a yet_o the_o theory_n of_o it_o may_v conduce_v much_o for_o explicate_v the_o secret_n and_o mystery_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n but_o why_o ought_v the_o brass_n to_o be_v suspend_v at_o 25_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n i_o answer_v because_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n a_o n_o b_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o brass_n to_o evidence_n this_o consider_v that_o brass_n be_v a_o body_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n i_o shall_v suppose_v ten_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o inch_n of_o brass_n will_v counterpoise_v ten_o inch_n of_o water_n if_o this_o inequality_n be_v then_o must_v this_o pillar_n of_o brass_n go_v so_o much_o far_o down_o than_o the_o first_o surface_n i_o h_n k_o as_o the_o one_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la or_o natural_o than_o the_o other_o therefore_o it_o

must_v sink_v 25_o foot_n exact_o see_v a_o piece_n of_o brass_n 30_o inch_n high_a require_v 400_o inch_n of_o water_n or_o 25_o foot_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o for_o if_o one_o inch_n of_o brass_n require_v ten_o inch_n of_o water_n then_o sure_o 30_o inch_n must_v require_v 300._o yet_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o the_o thickness_n be_v provide_v it_o be_v no_o high_o than_o 30_o inch_n to_o advance_v some_o far_a let_v we_o make_v a_o second_o supposition_n namely_o while_o the_o brass_n be_v thus_o suspend_v upon_o the_o surface_n a_o n_o b_o suppose_v the_o air_n to_o come_v down_o and_o fill_v up_o the_o imaginary_a space_n e_o f_o then_o must_v the_o brass_n be_v thrust_v down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o surface_n o_o p_o that_o be_v 34_o foot_n below_o the_o surface_n a_o n_o d_o and_o 59_o from_o the_o top_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v this_o because_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n superad_v be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n 29_o inch_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a therefore_o the_o brass_n be_v burden_v with_o this_o it_o must_v go_v so_o far_o down_o till_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o surface_n who_o potentia_fw-la be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o both_o which_o be_v precise_o 59_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n for_o if_o one_o inch_n of_o mercury_n require_v 14_o of_o water_n than_o 29_o inch_n must_v require_v 405_o inch_n or_o 34_o foot_n in_o a_o word_n it_o must_v go_v as_o far_o down_o as_o that_o surface_n that_o sustain_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n that_o will_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o balance_n the_o brass_n c_o d_o and_o a_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n 29_o inch_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a both_o which_o weigh_v 3290_o pound_n from_o what_o be_v say_v we_o see_v first_o that_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n differ_v in_o weight_n the_o light_a may_v go_v further_o down_o than_o the_o heavy_a this_o be_v clear_a because_o a_o slender_a cylinder_n of_o gold_n in_o form_n of_o a_o arrow_n half_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o 28_o inch_n long_o weigh_v 28_o pound_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n though_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v will_v go_v down_o 35_o foot_n in_o water_n before_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o surface_n who_o potentia_fw-la be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o its_o own_o pondus_fw-la for_o if_o gold_n be_v 15_o time_n heavy_a natural_o than_o water_n than_o the_o say_v cylinder_n must_v go_v down_o before_o it_o rest_v 420_o inch_n or_o 35_o foot_n but_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n 12_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o inch_n thick_a that_o perhaps_o will_v weigh_v 208_o pound_n will_v sink_v no_o further_o than_o 15_o foot_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o one_o inch_n of_o gold_n require_v 15_o of_o water_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o then_z 12_o must_v only_o require_v 180_o or_o 15_o foot_n note_v that_o both_o the_o body_n must_v go_v down_o perpendicular_o and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v horizontal_o with_o their_o side_n downmost_a for_o if_o they_o go_v down_o after_o this_o manner_n they_o can_v sink_v so_o far_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v also_o evident_a because_o a_o heavy_a body_n go_v so_o far_o down_o and_o no_o further_o till_o it_o have_v thrust_v ●s_v much_o water_n out_o of_o its_o place_n as_o will_v counterpoise_v itself_o in_o a_o balance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o a_o heavy_a body_n weigh_v 100_o pound_n it_o must_v go_v no_o further_o down_o than_o after_o it_o have_v thrust_v out_o 100_o pound_n of_o water_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n in_o form_n of_o a_o arrow_n go_v down_o side-wise_a or_o with_o the_o two_o end_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n will_v thrust_v as_o much_o water_n out_o of_o its_o place_n as_o will_v be_v the_o weight_n of_o itself_o before_o it_o can_v go_v down_o 15_o or_o 16_o inch_n from_o the_o top_n because_o for_o every_o inch_n it_o go_v down_o side-wise_a it_o expel_v 28_o inch_n of_o water_n in_o go_v down_o two_o inch_n it_o expel_v 56._o in_o go_v down_o three_o inch_n it_o expel_v 84_o and_o so_o forward_o till_o it_o go_v down_o 15_o inch_n where_o it_o expel_v 420_o inch_n but_o 420_o inch_n amount_v to_o 35_o foot_n now_o take_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 35_o foot_n high_a and_o just_a the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o balance_n and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o one_o just_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v the_o piece_n of_o gold_n go_v so_o far_o down_o as_o before_o if_o it_o go_v down_o side-wise_a because_o for_o every_o six_o inch_n it_o be_v drown_v it_o expel_v a_o bulk_n of_o water_n 12_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o inch_n thick_a therefore_o it_o must_v be_v suspend_v before_o it_o go_v beyond_o 90_o inch_n or_o seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a now_o if_o six_o inch_n give_v one_o foot_n 90_o inch_n will_v give_v 15_o foot_n but_o 15_o of_o water_n in_o height_n and_o six_o inch_n thick_a be_v the_o just_a weight_n of_o it_o in_o a_o balance_n viz._n 208_o pound_n we_o see_v second_o the_o broad_a and_o large_a the_o surface_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v it_o be_v the_o more_o able_a and_o strong_a to_o support_v a_o heavy_a burden_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n six_o inch_n square_v every_o way_n will_v carry_v a_o far_o great_a weight_n than_o a_o part_n four_o inch_n square_a though_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n 34_o or_o 35_o foot_n deep_a be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n if_o it_o exceed_v 28_o or_o 29_o inch_n in_o height_n yet_o take_v a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n 10_o foot_n high_a and_o reduce_v it_o by_o make_v it_o thick_a to_o the_o height_n of_o 20_o inch_n a_o surface_n of_o water_n little_o more_o than_o 24_o foot_n deep_o will_v sustain_v it_o or_o reduce_v a_o cylinder_n 10_o foot_n high_a which_o require_v a_o surface_n more_o than_o 100_o foot_n deep_a to_o a_o cylinder_n six_o inch_n high_a a_o surface_n little_o more_o than_o seven_o foot_n deep_o will_v support_v it_o we_o see_v three_o the_o reason_n why_o body_n that_o be_v broad_a and_o large_a move_v ●lowlier_o through_o air_n and_o water_n than_o body_n that_o be_v more_o thin_a and_o slender_a though_o both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n in_o a_o balance_n for_o example_n 20_o pound_n of_o lead_n long_o and_o slender_a like_o a_o arrow_n will_v go_v soon_o to_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o deep_a water_n than_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n in_o form_n of_o a_o platter_n or_o bason_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o the_o body_n be_v broad_a so_o it_o take_v a_o broad_a part_n of_o a_o surface_n which_o broad_a part_n be_v strong_a and_o able_a than_o a_o narrow_a part_n and_o so_o make_v the_o great_a resistance_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o a_o bullet_n six_o inch_n in_o diameter_n move_v ●lowlier_a through_o the_o air_n shoot_v from_o a_o cannon_n than_o a_o bullet_n one_o inch_n in_o diameter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n ship_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o tun_n move_v far_o slowly_o through_o the_o air_n and_o water_n than_o vessel_n of_o less_o burden_n item_n large_a and_o big_a fowl_n as_o eagle_n move_v slowly_o than_o small_a bird_n as_o swallow_n yea_o of_o fowl_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n one_o may_v move_v quick_o than_o another_o as_o be_v evident_a in_o long-winged_a hawk_n as_o falcon_n that_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o their_o wing_n move_v far_o more_o space_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n than_o kite_n or_o gosehawk_n who_o wing_n be_v round_a we_o see_v four_a that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n how_o heavy_a soever_o but_o it_o may_v be_v support_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o fluid_a either_o in_o air_n or_o in_o water_n i_o grant_v the_o strong_a surface_n of_o air_n that_o can_v be_v have_v be_v not_o able_a to_o support_v more_o weight_n than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o gold_n 28_o inch_n high_a yet_o though_o it_o be_v as_o large_a and_o broad_a as_o a_o millstone_n if_o it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o say_a height_n the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v it_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o free_v a_o millstone_n of_o the_o air_n that_o rest_v upon_o it_o the_o air_n below_o will_v lift_v it_o from_o the_o ground_n and_o carry_v it_o up_o many_o fathom_n even_o till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o surface_n equal_a in_o power_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n or_o if_o a_o large_a millstone_n be_v demit_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n towards_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v hardly_o

far_o narrow_a diameter_n with_o a_o orifice_n h._n there_o be_v also_o a_o orifice_n at_o l_o with_o a_o neck_n about_o which_o be_v knit_v a_o small_a chord_n m_o l_o for_o let_v down_o this_o engine_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n a_o b._n for_o trial_n cause_n fill_v the_o wide_a glass_n with_o mercury_n from_o p_o to_o k_o and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o rise_v in_o the_o narrow_a pipe_n as_o high_a as_o the_o orifice_n h._n this_o be_v do_v close_o hermetical_o or_o with_o good_a cement_n the_o orifice_n l_o then_o by_o help_n of_o this_o chord_n let_v all_o go_v down_o from_o the_o surface_n c_o d_o till_o it_o be_v exact_o 17_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o mercury_n thrust_v down_o in_o the_o narrow_a pipe_n from_o h_n to_o r_o 14_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a let_v it_o down_o next_o as_o much_o and_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v yet_o further_o thrust_v down_o namely_o from_o r_o to_o n_o the_o part_n h_o r_o n_o be_v full_a of_o water_n for_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o consider_v that_o between_o n_o and_o e_o be_v 34_o foot_n for_o so_o high_a be_v the_o slender_a pillar_n of_o water_n that_o come_v from_o the_o top_n and_o enter_v the_o orifice_n h_n come_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n to_o n._n consider_v next_o that_o between_o the_o say_a pillar_n of_o water_n and_o the_o mercury_n n_o p_o k_n there_o be_v a_o counterpoise_n but_o this_o counterpoise_n can_v be_v unless_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v 34_o foot_n high_a see_v between_o n_o and_o k_n be_v 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n for_o each_o inch_n thereof_o require_v 14_o of_o water_n upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v 17_o foot_n drown_v 14_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a be_v thrust_v down_o from_o h_n to_o r._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o pressure_n and_o bensil_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n i_o k_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o 29_o inch_n and_o therefore_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n e_o h_o r_o n_o must_v be_v 68_o foot_n high_a before_o a_o counterpoise_n can_v happen_v i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a that_o be_v say_v but_o you_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o air_n f_o e_o rest_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n that_o make_v a_o compensation_n exact_o to_o speak_v then_o true_o and_o real_o the_o 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n n_o p_o k_n have_v the_o weight_n of_o 58_o inch_n and_o the_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n e_o h_o r_o n_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o 68_o foot_n for_o a_o three_o trial_n let_v down_o the_o glass_n 6_o foot_n further_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o water_n pierce_v up_o through_o the_o thick_a cylinder_n of_o mercury_n p_o k_n and_o rest_n upon_o the_o top_n k._n the_o only_a difficulty_n be_v to_o determine_v how_o much_o will_v spring_v up_o before_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o cease_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n will_v ascend_v because_o come_v to_o the_o base_a of_o a_o thick_a and_o gross_a cylinder_n that_o it_o can_v entire_o lift_v it_o must_v pierce_v through_o it_o see_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v now_o much_o strong_a than_o the_o mercury_n for_o in_o effect_n the_o glass_n be_v drown_v 6_o foot_n further_o the_o pillar_n that_o come_v down_o through_o the_o slender_a pipe_n have_v the_o just_a weight_n of_o 34_o inch_n of_o mercury_n but_o 29_o can_v resist_v 34_o therefore_o the_o water_n not_o be_v able_a to_o lift_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o disproportion_n that_o be_v between_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o slenderness_n of_o the_o other_o it_o must_v pierce_v up_o through_o it_o for_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n consider_v that_o this_o glass_n can_v go_v down_o from_o one_o imaginary_a surface_n to_o another_o v_o g._n from_o 34_o foot_n where_o it_o be_v till_o it_o come_v to_o 40_o where_o it_o now_o stand_v but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o alteration_n in_o the_o equipondium_fw-la see_v by_o go_v down_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n e_o h_o r_o n_o grow_v high_a and_o consequent_o heavy_a and_o therefore_o some_o water_n must_v pierce_v up_o through_o the_o mercury_n for_o make_v a_o counterpoise_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o two_o fluid_n to_o counterpoise_v one_o another_o unless_o they_o be_v in_o equilibrio_n consider_v second_o that_o after_o the_o water_n be_v come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mercury_n at_o k_o it_o will_v find_v difficulty_n to_o find_v a_o room_n for_o itself_o see_v the_o space_n between_o saint_n and_o i_o be_v full_a of_o air._n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o it_o must_v ascend_v i_o say_v then_o after_o the_o glass_n be_v go_v down_o from_o 34_o to_o 40_o foot_n there_o will_v be_v about_o four_o inch_n of_o water_n above_o k_o which_o have_v reduce_v the_o 29_o inch_n of_o air_n k_o i_o to_o 25_o s_o 1._o if_o it_o be_v ask_v between_o what_o two_o thing_n be_v the_o equipondium_fw-la now_o i_o answer_v the_o first_o be_v at_o r_o between_z e_o h_n r_o and_o r_o n_o p_o k._n the_o second_o be_v at_o r_o between_z n_o r_o h_o e_o and_o n_o p_o k._n the_o three_o be_v now_o at_o saint_n between_o the_o 25_o inch_n of_o enclose_a air_n i_o s_o as_o one_o antagonist_n and_o the_o four_o inch_n of_o water_n s_o k_n with_o the_o 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n k_o p_o and_o the_o water_n p_o n_o r_o h_o e_o as_o the_o other_o to_o make_v a_o four_o equipondium_fw-la sink_v the_o glass_n other_o six_o foot_n till_o it_o be_v 46_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n c_o d_o then_o must_v some_o more_o water_n spring_v up_o through_o the_o mercury_n this_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v see_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n n_o r_o h_o e_o be_v six_o foot_n high_o and_o so_o far_o heavy_a than_o it_o be_v if_o this_o be_v then_o must_v the_o 25_o inch_n of_o air_n i_o saint_n be_v reduce_v to_o less_o quantity_n see_v be_v impossible_a for_o one_o fluid_a to_o become_v heavy_a unless_o its_o opposite_a and_o antagonist_n become_v heavy_a too_o for_o a_o equipondium_n sake_n note_v that_o the_o air_n i_o s_o will_v not_o lose_v other_o four_o inch_n with_o this_o six_o foot_n of_o water_n as_o it_o do_v with_o the_o former_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o for_o every_o six_o foot_n the_o glass_n go_v down_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v four_o inch_n it_o be_v easy_a at_o last_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o nothing_o for_o if_o six_o reduce_v it_o to_o four_o and_o 12_o to_o eight_o 38_o ought_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o no_o inch_n which_o be_v impossible_a therefore_o i_o judge_v it_o must_v suffer_v compression_n by_o a_o certain_a proportion_n as_o we_o see_v upon_o a_o scale_n the_o division_n of_o artificial_a or_o natural_a sin_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o there_o be_v more_o space_n between_o 1_o and_o 2_o than_o between_o 2_o and_o 3_o more_o between_o 2_o and_o 3_o than_o between_o 3_o and_o 4_o and_o so_o upward_o till_o you_o come_v to_o 90._o therefore_o the_o second_o six_o foot_n must_v reduce_v the_o 25_o inch_n not_o to_o 21_o but_o to_o 23_o circiter_fw-la and_o so_o forth_o by_o the_o which_o mean_n though_o the_o glass_n shall_v go_v down_o in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o the_o air_n shall_v never_o be_v reduce_v to_o nothing_o and_o there_o shall_v still_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n come_v up_o or_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o compress_v that_o it_o can_v be_v no_o more_o all_o the_o disseminate_a vacuity_n be_v expel_v but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v at_o 1000_o fathom_n then_o at_o 1500_o where_o the_o pressure_n be_v strong_a there_o can_v be_v no_o equipondium_fw-la which_o be_v absurd_a for_o where_o the_o pondus_fw-la become_v strong_a the_o potentia_fw-la ought_v to_o grow_v strong_a likewise_o i_o answer_v the_o motion_n of_o condensation_n cease_v indeed_o but_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o potentia_fw-la or_o rather_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o perfect_a resistentia_fw-la whereby_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o great_a weight_n imaginable_a before_o it_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o nothing_o or_o suffer_v a_o penetration_n of_o part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v two_o part_n to_o be_v in_o one_o space_n from_o the_o explication_n of_o these_o phenomena_n we_o conclude_v first_o that_o in_o water_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a pressure_n see_v in_o let_v down_o the_o glass_n 17_o foot_n the_o mercury_n be_v press_v down_o from_o h_n to_o r_o and_o from_o r_z to_z n_o in_o go_v down_o other_o 17_o foot_n second_o that_o 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v as_o heavy_a as_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n because_o the_o mercury_n

string_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o a_o balance_n in_o the_o air_n gravitat_n and_o weigh_v down_o the_o scale_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o lead_v and_o gold_n be_v natural_o and_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n but_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n with_o water_n or_o water_n itself_o can_v gravitat_fw-la in_fw-la water_n or_o weigh_v down_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o they_o rest_v bear_v they_o up_o with_o as_o great_a weight_n and_o force_n as_o they_o press_v down_o with_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n k_o m_o rest_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n within_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o man_n above_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n he_o must_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n within_o it_o i_o answer_v the_o consequence_n be_v bad_a because_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n within_o be_v sustain_v and_o 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1669._o numb_a 50_o the_o invention_n whereof_o be_v attribute_v by_o the_o publisher_n to_o that_o honourable_a and_o worthy_a person_n mr._n boyl_n who_o conclusion_n and_o trial_n i_o never_o much_o call_v in_o question_n but_o find_v this_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a to_o what_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v i_o shall_v crave_v liberty_n to_o say_v amicus_fw-la socrates_n amicus_fw-la plato_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la and_o shall_v therefore_o examine_v it_o as_o brief_o as_o may_v be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o publisher_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o author_n of_o this_o invention_n be_v the_o noble_a robert_n boyl_n who_o be_v please_v to_o comply_v with_o our_o desire_n of_o communicate_v it_o in_o english_a to_o the_o curious_a in_o england_n as_o by_o insert_v the_o same_o in_o the_o latin_a translation_n of_o his_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n he_o have_v gratify_v the_o ingenious_a abroad_o and_o it_o will_v doubtless_o be_v the_o more_o welcome_a for_o as_o much_o 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the_o same_o day_n we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o another_o seal_a bubble_n large_a than_o the_o former_a be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o great_a hens-egg_n and_o have_v break_v this_o under_o water_n it_o grow_v heavy_a by_o 7._o drachm_n and_o 34_o grain_n and_o have_v take_v out_o the_o bubble_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n into_o a_o counter_a poise_v glass_n we_o find_v the_o transvasated_a liquor_n to_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o weight_n abate_v 6_o or_o 7_o grain_n which_o it_o may_v well_o have_v lose_v upon_o such_o account_n as_o have_v be_v new_o mention_v thus_o he_o figure_n 24._o the_o design_n then_o of_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n but_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v here_o a_o very_a great_a mistake_n which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o after_o this_o manner_n for_o which_o cause_n let_v this_o schematism_n 24_o represent_v the_o experiment_n already_o describe_v the_o ●lass-bubble_n than_o be_v e_o p_o f_o r._n the_o stem_n be_v h_n c_o the_o weight_n that_o sink_v the_o glass_n be_v b._n the_o surface_n of_o water_n under_o which_o it_o be_v drown_v be_v a_o d._n the_o balance_n to_o which_o the_o glass_n be_v knit_v by_o a_o string_n be_v n_o o._n and_o last_o e_o f_o r_o be_v the_o water_n that_o come_v in_o and_o fill_v the_o half_a of_o the_o bubble_n now_o i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n e_o f_o r_o that_o turn_v the_o scale_n above_o and_o make_v a_o alteration_n in_o the_o balance_n but_o '_o its_o only_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_n b_o that_o do_v it_o for_o evince_v this_o consider_v that_o all_o heavy_a body_n be_v either_o light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n

weigh_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n or_o stone_n in_o a_o artificial_a balance_n for_o know_v how_o many_o ounce_n or_o pound_n it_o be_v of_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o weigh_v the_o water_n e_o f_o r_o by_o help_n of_o the_o balance_n above_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v impossible_a experiment_n xviii_o figure_n 25._o make_v a_o wooden_a ark_n after_o this_o follow_a manner_n the_o plank_n must_v be_v of_o oak_n a_o inch_n thick_a the_o height_n 40_o inch_n the_o breadth_n 36._o closs_n on_o all_o side_n and_o above_o and_o open_v below_o and_o because_o the_o form_n be_v foursquare_a there_o must_v be_v four_o standart_v of_o timber_n in_o each_o corner_n one_o to_o which_o the_o plank_n must_v be_v nail_v four_o likewise_o upon_o the_o top_n cross_v the_o other_o four_o at_o right_a angle_n to_o which_o the_o cover_n must_v be_v join_v the_o side_n must_v be_v plain_v and_o the_o edge_n both_o plain_v and_o gripe_v in_o all_o the_o part_n that_o the_o joyning_n 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sense_n and_o so_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o ark_n or_o if_o his_o foot_n shall_v slide_v off_o the_o footstool_n and_o his_o hand_n fail_v he_o too_o a_o chord_n knit_v to_o one_o of_o those_o and_o fasten_v about_o his_o waist_n or_o middle_a may_v bring_v he_o up_o though_o he_o be_v dead_a then_o it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o cut_v out_o a_o window_n or_o two_o in_o the_o side_n of_o it_o not_o very_o large_a but_o little_a as_o k_o and_o i_o whereby_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o glass_n a_o man_n may_v see_v at_o a_o distance_n what_o be_v upon_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o what_o be_v upon_o the_o left_a and_o what_o be_v before_o this_o device_n be_v of_o excellent_a use_n for_o through_o the_o want_n of_o it_o the_o diver_n see_v no_o more_o but_o what_o be_v just_a below_o he_o which_o sometime_o when_o he_o be_v near_o the_o ground_n will_v not_o exceed_v the_o compass_n of_o a_o large_a mil●wheel_n but_o if_o so_o be_v three_o hole_n be_v cut_v through_o 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hogshead_n will_v burst_v asunder_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o if_o they_o go_v but_o down_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n i_o answer_v this_o objection_n flow_v from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o fluid_a body_n if_o so_o be_v then_o that_o a_o man_n know_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n be_v uniform_a most_o equal_a and_o press_v upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n within_o it_o alike_o no_o such_o scruple_n will_v occur_v i_o say_v then_o the_o ark_n though_o no_o thick_a in_o the_o side_n than_o a_o thin_a sawen_v dale_n will_v go_v down_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o

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weight_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o sink_v and_o this_o will_v sure_o take_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n though_o it_o be_v 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o top_n e_o f_o be_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n there_o be_v here_o a_o just_a counterpoise_n namely_o between_o the_o lead_n footstool_n on_o the_o one_o part_n as_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o ark_n on_o the_o other_o part_n as_o a_o potentia_fw-la for_o with_o what_o force_n the_o ark_n endeavour_v to_o pull_v up_o the_o lead_n with_o the_o same_o force_n strive_v the_o lead_n to_o pull_v down_o the_o ark._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o a_o small_a weight_n will_v turn_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n when_o they_o be_v in_o equilibrio_n so_o a_o small_a weight_n add_v to_o the_o footstool_n will_v sink_v the_o ark._n though_o it_o may_v seem_v difficult_a to_o determine_v the_o just_a weight_n of_o the_o footstool_n without_o trial_n as_o i_o say_v yet_o i_o purpose_v to_o essay_n it_o for_o this_o cause_n consider_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vessel_n of_o wood_n almost_o if_o it_o be_v once_o full_a of_o water_n but_o the_o orifice_n of_o it_o will_v lie_v level_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n wherein_o it_o sweem_v this_o proposition_n be_v so_o evident_a from_o experience_n that_o it_o need_v no_o confirmation_n from_o this_o i_o gather_v that_o as_o much_o weight_n of_o lead_n or_o stone_n will_v bring_v the_o top_n of_o the_o ark_n e_o f_o g_o h_n level_v with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o fill_v it_o if_o you_o suppose_v then_o the_o ark_n to_o be_v 36_o inch_n broad_a and_o 40_o inch_n high_a it_o must_v contain_v 30_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n now_o suppose_v each_o square_a foot_n of_o this_o water_n to_o weigh_v 56_o pound_n 30_o foot_n must_v weigh_v 1680_o pound_n this_o be_v gather_v from_o trial_n and_o experience_n for_o after_o exact_a search_n i_o find_v a_o cubique_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n in_o bulk_n about_o 16_o pint_n of_o our_o measure_n to_o weigh_v 56_o pound_n take_v then_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n of_o that_o weight_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o make_v a_o just_a counterpoise_n with_o the_o ark._n if_o any_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o it_o i_o answer_v if_o lead_v be_v 13_o time_n natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n you_o will_v find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n about_o 16_o inch_n every_o way_n will_v do_v it_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o when_o a_o man_n body_n be_v within_o the_o ark_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o footstool_n must_v be_v less_o even_o as_o much_o less_o as_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o man_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o weigh_v 224_o pound_n or_o 14_o stone_n i_o answer_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o footstool_n but_o the_o one_o half_a only_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a and_o natural_a weight_n with_o water_n it_o can_v preponderat_fw-la or_o weigh_v in_o water_n because_o magnitude_n only_o natural_o heavy_a than_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n as_o lead_v or_o stone_n therefore_o see_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o man_n be_v within_o the_o ark_n and_o the_o other_o without_o among_o the_o water_n that_o part_n only_o must_v weigh_v that_o be_v environ_v with_o air._n this_o may_v seem_v a_o plausible_a answer_n and_o may_v do_v much_o to_o satisfy_v these_o that_o be_v not_o very_o inquisitive_a yet_o be_v examine_v it_o will_v be_v find_v unsufficient_a therefore_o i_o say_v there_o be_v

with_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o daily_a experience_n the_o liquor_n will_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o air_n n_o b_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o but_o where_o unequal_a pressure_n be_v in_o fluid_n according_a to_o the_o 12_o theorem_n motion_n must_v follow_v i_o prove_v the_o surface_n n_o b_o to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o because_o the_o water_n b_o d_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n l_o d_o as_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o air_n b_o therefore_o sustain_v far_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o air_n e_o l_o mun_o cede_fw-la and_o yield_v next_o there_o be_v here_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la the_o pondus_fw-la be_v the_o water_n l_o d_o the_o potentia_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v be_v the_o water_n b_o d_o but_o these_o be_v unequal_a b_o d_o being_z heavy_a than_o l_o d_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o 33_o theorem_fw-la these_o two_o fluid_n can_v cease_v from_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o surface_n n_o b_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o see_v it_o be_v low_a i_o answer_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o unsensible_a that_o they_o may_v be_v judge_v but_o one_o now_o i_o say_v if_o this_o siphon_n work_n in_o air_n with_o water_n it_o must_v likewise_o work_n in_o water_n with_o mercury_n therefore_o this_o siphon_n be_v 34_o foot_n below_o the_o first_o surface_n f_o g_o the_o liquor_n must_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o water_n n_o b_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c._n though_o there_o be_v more_o weight_n in_o n_o b_o than_z in_o e_z l_o c_o because_o it_o be_v low_a yet_o because_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o be_v between_o the_o weight_n of_o b_o d_o and_o the_o weight_n of_o l_o d_o it_o prove_v nothing_o note_v here_o that_o so_o long_o as_o d_o be_v within_o 58_o inch_n of_o e_o l_o c_o this_o siphon_n will_v work_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o f_o g_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n exact_o 58_o inch_n but_o if_o d_o exceed_v that_o height_n no_o art_n will_v make_v the_o liquor_n run_v out_o at_o b._n note_v second_o that_o this_o siphon_n will_v operate_v with_o air_n and_o water_n though_o the_o top_n d_o be_v 34_o foot_n above_o m_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o that_o height_n note_n three_o that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o orifice_n open_v at_o c_o upon_o the_o level_a line_n e_o l_o c_o the_o two_o water_n will_v become_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n the_o one_o not_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o other_o if_o you_o bear_v a_o hole_n at_o r_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v from_o r_z to_z d_o and_o go_v down_o from_o d_o to_o a_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n end_v but_o if_o the_o leg_n a_o d_o be_v six_o time_n wide_a than_o b_o d_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o run_v out_o at_o b._n i_o shall_v answer_v this_o in_o the_o close_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o fluid_a body_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v not_o for_o shune_v vacuity_n but_o because_o they_o be_v press_v up_o violent_o we_o see_v next_o that_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a there_o be_v no_o motion_n in_o fluids_n but_o assoon_o as_o one_o part_n be_v more_o press_v than_o another_o motion_n begin_v because_o this_o siphon_n will_v not_o operate_v if_o the_o orifice_n be_v make_v in_o c_o but_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v in_o d_o than_o the_o motion_n begin_v because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o other_o we_o see_v three_o that_o fluids_n have_v a_o determinate_a sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o press_v and_o no_o further_o because_o this_o water_n be_v not_o able_a to_o press_v mercury_n high_o than_o 58_o inch_n so_o the_o air_n can_v raise_v water_n high_o than_o 34_o foot_n if_o this_o water_n be_v 68_o foot_n deep_a the_o sphere_n of_o its_o activity_n will_v be_v 116_o inch_n we_o see_v four_a that_o in_o fluids_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n and_o that_o the_o inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o two_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o motion_n we_o see_v five_o that_o as_o long_o as_o this_o inequality_n of_o weight_n continue_v as_o long_o continue_v the_o motion_n because_o as_o long_o as_o b_o d_o be_v heavy_a than_o l_o d_o the_o motion_n persevere_fw-la we_o see_v sixthly_a the_o possibility_n of_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n in_o fluids_n because_o the_o liquor_n run_v perpetual_o out_o at_o b._n if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o motion_n end_v when_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n a_o e_o l_o fail_v i_o answer_v this_o stop_n be_v only_o accidental_a and_o not_o essential_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fluids_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o or_o not_o will_v the_o mercury_n run_v out_o at_o b_o upon_o supposition_n the_o shank_n l_o d_o be_v twice_o as_o wide_o as_o the_o shank_n b_o d_o i_o answer_v it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o one_o be_v far_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o namely_o l_o d_o than_o d_o b._n i_o answer_v weight_n in_o fluids_n be_v not_o count_v according_a to_o thickness_n but_o according_a to_o altitude_n experiment_n xx._n figure_n 27._o this_o last_o be_v for_o demonstrate_v the_o precise_a and_o just_a weight_n of_o any_o pillar_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o of_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n if_o some_o of_o their_o dimension_n be_v but_o once_o know_v a_o b_o then_o be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n in_o wideness_n full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n a_o c._n and_o e_z g_z be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n wide_a full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n e_o f._n none_o needs_o to_o doubt_v but_o the_o two_o water_n will_v be_v suspend_v after_o this_o manner_n even_o though_o the_o orifice_n a_o and_o e_o be_v downward_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v guard_v with_o water_n but_o the_o demonstration_n will_v be_v the_o more_o evident_a that_o we_o suppose_v the_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o be_v suspend_v as_o they_o be_v from_o this_o experiment_n i_o say_v first_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o be_v 168_o pound_n weight_n at_o least_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o water_n a_o b_o be_v 168_o pound_n therefore_o the_o air_n c_o d_o must_v be_v as_o much_o i_o prove_v the_o antecedent_n because_o it_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n thick_a but_o every_o half_a cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n that_o contain_v 216_o inch_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n therefore_o see_v the_o pillar_n be_v 12_o foot_n it_o must_v contain_v 24_o half_a foot_n but_o 24_o time_n 7_o be_v 168._o the_o only_a difficulty_n be_v to_o prove_v the_o connexion_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o from_o the_o seven_o theor._n all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n be_v equal_o press_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_a surface_n therefore_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v but_o if_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o b._n i_o say_v second_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n f_o h_n weigh_v 672_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o water_n e_o g_z weigh_v 672_o pound_n therefore_o the_o air_n f_o h_n weigh_v as_o much_o the_o antecedent_n be_v clear_a because_o e_z g_o be_v a_o square_a pillar_n of_o water_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a but_o every_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n weigh_v 56_o pound_n but_o 12_o time_n 56_o be_v 672._o i_o prove_v the_o connexion_n as_o before_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o horizontal_a surface_n be_v equal_o press_v therefore_o the_o part_n f_o must_v sustain_v as_o much_o burden_n as_o the_o part_n e._n to_o proceed_v a_o little_a further_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n a_o b_o to_o be_v 34_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o pipe_n e_o g_o to_o be_v as_o much_o i_o assert_v then_o three_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o to_o weigh_v 476_o pound_n which_o i_o prove_v

as_o before_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o surface_n be_v burden_v with_o the_o like_a weight_n but_o the_o part_n a_o sustain_v 476_o pound_n therefore_o the_o part_n c_o must_v support_v as_o much_o the_o connexion_n be_v evident_a and_o the_o antecedent_n be_v so_o too_o because_o the_o water_n a_o b_o being_n 34_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n thick_a must_v weigh_v 476_o pound_n for_o if_o 216_o inch_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n 14688_o inch_n must_v weigh_v 476_o pound_n i_o assert_v four_a the_o pillar_n of_o air_n f_o h_n to_o weigh_v 1904_o pound_n which_o i_o demonstrat_fw-la by_o the_o former_a medium_fw-la all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a that_o lie_n in_o the_o same_o horizontal_a surface_n be_v equal_o press_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_z e_z and_o f_o do_v so_o lie_v therefore_o f_o must_v be_v as_o much_o burden_v as_o e_z the_o water_n therefore_o e_z g_z weigh_v 1904_o pound_n the_o air_n f_o h_n must_v weigh_v as_o much_o for_o if_o 216_o inch_n of_o water_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n 58752_o inch_n for_o so_o many_o be_v in_o the_o water_n e_o g_o must_v weigh_v 1904_o pound_n let_v we_o suppose_v second_o the_o tub_n a_o b_o to_o be_v only_o 29_o inch_n high_a and_o the_o tub_n e_o g_o of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o that_o six_o inch_n wide_a and_o this_o 12_o inch_n wide_a i_o affirm_v then_o five_o the_o air_n c_o d_o to_o weigh_v yet_o 476_o pound_n and_o the_o air_n f_o h_n to_o weigh_v 1904_o pound_n because_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n a_o b_o weigh_v 476_o pound_n and_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n e_o g_o weigh_v 1904_o pound_n therefore_o if_o a_o b_o be_v 476_o c_z d_o must_v be_v as_o much_o and_o if_o e_z g_z be_v 1904_o f_o h_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n i_o prove_v the_o mercury_n a_o b_o to_o weigh_v about_o 476_o pound_n though_o it_o be_v but_o 29_o inch_n high_a because_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n do_v the_o mercury_n e_o g_o weigh_v about_o 1904_o pound_n i_o say_v about_o because_o 34_o foot_n contain_v 29_o inch_n more_o than_o 14_o time_n let_v it_o be_v suppose_v three_o the_o pipe_n e_o g_o be_v 34_o foot_n high_a to_o have_v the_o one_o half_a of_o it_o i_o g_o full_a of_o air_n and_o the_o other_o half_a e_o k_o full_a of_o water_n i_o affirm_v then_o sixthly_a the_o part_n e_o and_o the_o part_n f_o to_o be_v yet_o equal_o burden_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n e_o k_n that_o be_v now_o but_o 17_o foot_n make_v as_o great_a a_o pressure_n upon_o e_o as_o when_o it_o be_v 34_o foot_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v sure_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o g_o that_o bear_v down_o the_o water_n k_o e_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o 952_o pound_n the_o half_a of_o 1904_o pound_n if_o it_o be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o theorem_fw-la 21_o that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o pressure_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a as_o in_o the_o whole_a therefore_o the_o air_n i_o g_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o e_o h._n i_o answer_v i_o g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o f_o h_n because_o the_o water_n e_o k_n impend_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tub_n have_v occasion_v the_o air_n i_o g_o to_z expand_v itself_o so_o many_o inch_n by_o which_o mean_n it_o lose_v so_o many_o degree_n of_o its_o bensil_n if_o you_o remove_v the_o water_n e_o k_n then_o will_v the_o air_n i_o g_o be_v as_o heavy_a as_o f_o h_n because_o e_o k_o be_v air_n it_o reduce_v i_o g_z to_o that_o same_o degree_n of_o bensil_n with_o itself_o but_o when_o the_o air_n e_z be_v burden_v with_o the_o water_n e_o k_n it_o can_v make_v the_o air_n i_o g_o of_o that_o same_o weight_n with_o itself_o let_v we_o suppose_v four_a that_o only_o eight_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o water_n be_v in_o the_o tub_n namely_o between_o e_z and_o n._n i_o say_v then_o seventhly_a that_o the_o part_n e_o be_v as_o much_o burden_v with_o it_o as_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v full_a because_o the_o 25_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o air_n n_o g_o be_v exact_o as_o heavy_a as_o the_o 25_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v go_v i_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o air_n e_z have_v the_o weight_n of_o 1904_o pound_n in_o itself_o see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n but_o be_v burden_v with_o the_o water_n e_o n_o that_o weigh_v 476_o pound_n it_o can_v press_v up_o with_o more_o weight_n then_o with_o 1428_o pound_n and_o therefore_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n n_o must_v press_v upon_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v contiguous_a with_o it_o with_o 1428._o if_o this_o be_v the_o air_n n_o g_o must_v press_v down_o with_o as_o much_o see_v according_a to_o the_o 20_o theorem_fw-la it_o be_v impossible_a that_o one_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a can_v be_v under_o pressure_n unless_o the_o next_o adjacent_a part_n be_v under_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o pressure_n therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o 25_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o air_n n_o g_o be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o 25_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v go_v this_o make_v it_o evident_a also_o that_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n as_o e_o k_o the_o air_n i_o g_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o 952_o pound_n because_o e_z be_v in_o itself_o 1904_o but_o be_v burden_v with_o e_o k_o 952_o it_o can_v make_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n k_o press_v upon_o i_o with_o more_o weight_n than_o 952_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o 20_o theorem_fw-la the_o air_n g_o i_o must_v weigh_v 952_o likewise_o i_o affirm_v eighthly_a that_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v full_a of_o water_n from_o e_z to_z g_z if_o a_o man_n poise_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n he_o do_v not_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n e_o g._n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n e._n but_o if_o the_o air_n e_o sustain_v it_o my_o hand_n can_v sustain_v it_o i_o find_v then_o only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o tub_n but_o not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n within_o it_o i_o say_v ninthly_a that_o when_o i_o poise_v the_o say_a tub_n i_o find_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n l_o m_o which_o be_v exact_o 1904_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o a_o fluid_a be_v then_o only_o find_v when_o there_o be_v not_o a_o potentia_fw-la to_o counterpoise_v it_o or_o at_o least_o when_o the_o potentia_fw-la be_v inferior_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la but_o there_o be_v here_o no_o potentia_fw-la counterpoise_v the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o air_n l_o m._n therefore_o i_o must_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o when_o i_o lift_v up_o the_o tub._n the_o major_a proposition_n be_v clear_a from_o the_o ten_o theorem_fw-la it_o be_v evident_a also_o from_o common_a experience_n for_o while_o a_o balance_n be_v hang_v upon_o a_o nail_n with_o six_o pound_n in_o the_o one_o scale_n and_o nothing_o in_o the_o other_o you_o will_v find_v the_o whole_a burden_n if_o you_o press_v up_o that_o one_o scale_n with_o the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n but_o if_o so_o be_v there_o be_v six_o pound_n in_o the_o opposite_a scale_n you_o will_v not_o find_v the_o first_o six_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o be_v in_o equilibrio_n with_o other_o six_o it_o be_v just_a so_o here_o i_o must_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n l_o m_o while_n i_o poise_v the_o tub_n because_o it_o want_v a_o weight_n to_o counterbalance_v it_o i_o prove_v the_o minor_a proposition_n thus_o if_o any_o thing_n counterbalance_v the_o air_n l_o m_o it_o must_v either_o be_v the_o air_n below_o namely_o the_o part_n e_o or_o the_o water_n e_o g_o but_o neither_o of_o the_o twain_o can_v do_v it_o not_o the_o air_n e_o because_o it_o have_v as_o great_a a_o burden_n upon_o it_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o support_v namely_o the_o water_n e_o g_o that_o weigh_v 1904_o pound_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n not_o the_o water_n itself_o see_v all_o the_o force_n it_o can_v have_v to_o counterbalance_n l_o m_o be_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n e_o but_o this_o be_v in_o equilibrio_n with_o it_o already_o i_o say_v that_o the_o air_n l_o m_o be_v exact_o 1904_o pound_n weight_n this_o also_o be_v evident_a because_o it_o be_v just_a of_o these_o same_o dimension_n with_o the_o air_n f_o h._n if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o air_n l_o m_o must_v be_v thick_a see_v its_o equal_a to_o

the_o tub_n without_o but_o the_o air_n f_o h_n be_v only_o equal_a to_o the_o tub_n within_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o here_o be_v a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n l_o m_o but_o only_o as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v equal_a to_o f_o h._n suppose_v the_o tub_n to_o be_v 12_o inch_n within_o from_o side_n to_o side_n and_o 16_o without_o from_o side_n to_o side_n i_o say_v then_o i_o find_v only_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o answer_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tub_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o inch_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o as_o much_o below_o namely_o by_o the_o air_n that_o environ_n the_o orifice_n e_o for_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o if_o the_o tub_n be_v two_o inch_n thick_o above_o it_o must_v be_v as_o thick_a in_o the_o lip_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a tub_n be_v not_o unequal_o press_v but_o only_o so_o much_o of_o it_o within_o upon_o the_o top_n as_o answer_n to_o the_o cavity_n ten_o that_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o half_a full_a of_o water_n namely_o from_o e_z to_o k_o i_o find_v only_o 952_o pound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o m_o though_v before_o i_o find_v 1904._o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v now_o counterpoise_v by_o the_o air_n i_o g_o and_o therefore_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o become_v insensible_a it_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o six_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n i_o g_o press_v down_o with_o 952_o therefore_o it_o must_v press_v up_o with_o as_o much_o see_v according_a to_o the_o six_o theorem_n the_o pressure_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v on_o every_o side_n eleven_o that_o when_o there_o be_v only_o eight_o foot_n of_o water_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o tub_n namely_o between_o e_z and_o n_o i_o find_v only_o 476_o pound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o m._n because_o in_o this_o case_n the_o air_n n_o g_z counterpoise_v 1428_o pound_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o say_a air_n burden_n the_o water_n n_o e_o with_o 1428_o pound_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o seven_o assertion_n it_o must_v likewise_o press_v up_o the_o tub_n with_o as_o much_o and_o so_o counterpoise_v as_o much_o of_o the_o air_n l_o m._n twelve_o that_o when_o there_o be_v nothing_o within_o the_o pipe_n but_o air_n the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n l_o m_o become_v insensible_a to_o i_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o be_v whole_o counterpoise_v by_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n i_o affirm_v thirteenthly_a that_o the_o water_n e_o g_o be_v in_o equilibrio_n with_o the_o water_n a_o b_o that_o be_v to_o say_v 1904_o pound_n be_v in_o equilibrio_n with_o 476_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o evident_o by_o the_o first_o medium_n all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o horizontal_n surface_n be_v equal_o press_v therefore_o the_o part_n a_o sustain_v no_o more_o burden_n than_o the_o part_n e_o therefore_o a_o b_o be_v as_o heavy_a as_o e_z g_z and_o consequent_o the_o air_n c_o d_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o 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throw_v a_o stone_n towards_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o case_n he_o shall_v not_o hit_v the_o place_n he_o aim_v at_o but_o some_o other_o place_n more_o forward_o this_o let_v we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o gun_n be_v fire_v in_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n the_o bullet_n can_v hit_v the_o place_n it_o be_v direct_v to_o neither_o can_v a_o man_n ride_v with_o a_o full_a career_n and_o shoot_v a_o pistol_n hit_v the_o person_n he_o aim_v at_o but_o must_v sure_o miss_v he_o notwithstanding_o that_o though_o in_o the_o very_a instant_n of_o time_n wherein_o he_o fire_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pistol_n be_v most_o just_o direct_v for_o remedy_v whereof_o allowance_n must_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o aim_v at_o the_o mark_n while_o a_o man_n throw_v up_o a_o stone_n in_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n it_o must_v receive_v two_o distinct_a impulse_n one_o from_o the_o hand_n whereby_o it_o be_v carry_v upward_o the_o other_o from_o the_o ship_n whereby_o it_o be_v carry_v 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that_o decemb._n 13._o 1669_o one_o doctor_n beal_n find_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n never_o to_o be_v so_o high_a as_o it_o be_v then_o that_o same_o very_a day_n i_o find_v the_o height_n of_o it_o 29_o inch_n and_o nine_o ten_o part_n which_o i_o never_o observe_v before_o and_o though_o the_o day_n here_o be_v dark_a and_o the_o heaven_n cover_v with_o cloud_n yet_o no_o rain_n for_o many_o day_n follow_v but_o much_o dryness_n and_o fair_a weather_n on_o saturday_n night_n march_v 26_o 1670_o i_o find_v the_o altitude_n no_o more_o than_o 27_o and_o nine_o ten_o part_n this_o night_n be_v exceed_v windy_a with_o a_o great_a rain_n on_o february_n 1_o 1671._o i_o find_v the_o altitude_n 30_o inch_n and_o the_o heaven_n most_o clear_a but_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o may_n follow_v i_o have_v find_v the_o height_n but_o 27_o inch_n and_o five_o ten_o part_n in_o which_o time_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o rain_n observation_n fourteen_o november_n 7._o 1670._o i_o 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a_o strong_a ring_n of_o brass_n upon_o the_o centre_n without_o and_o they_o be_v so_o contrive_v by_o the_o artist_n that_o their_o orifice_n agree_v most_o exact_o so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v unite_v they_o represent_v a_o entire_a sphere_n almost_o in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n there_o be_v a_o hole_n and_o a_o brass_n spigot_n in_o it_o through_o which_o the_o whole_a air_n within_o be_v exsuct_v and_o draw_v out_o namely_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air-pump_n and_o when_o by_o several_a exsuction_n the_o vessel_n be_v make_v empty_a the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v about_o by_o which_o mean_n no_o air_n can_v come_v in_o and_o they_o remain_v empty_a be_v take_v from_o the_o pump_n and_o do_v cleave_v so_o fast_o together_o that_o though_o a_o number_n of_o lusty_a fellow_n 12_o on_o each_o side_n do_v pull_v vigorous_o by_o help_n of_o rope_n fasten_v to_o the_o ring_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o able_a to_o pull_v they_o asunder_o and_o because_o this_o will_v not_o do_v it_o 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