before said in the purging decoction which is also a received practice And the use of this is as those before either to infuse boyl or dissolve purgers in I â— INFUSION as to infusion you must understand that here by that word is meant the maceration or steeping of any thing in a fit Liquor wherby it's virtue loosened from its earthy body is conveyed after the manner of tinctures into the liquor which impregnated with those virtues is called an infusion or dilution In it two things are considerable 1. The purgers that are to be infused and 2. The Liquor in which they are to be macerated In both the quality and quantity are to be regarded The things to be infused in respect of their quality may be al purgers as Senna Agarick c. except Manna and also Aloes and Coloquintida for their bitterness for at this day in Paris they often infuse Cassia Fistula In relation to their Quantity if the infusion only should be sufficiently purging without dissolving any other either simple or compound Cathartick in the strained Liquor they ought to be prescribed in a larger quantity than if they were given in substance yea in a double proportion if they are the stronger sort or in a treble quantity if they are the gentler sort adding also their proper correctors to a four-fold proportion if strong or to a six-fold quantity if weaker The Liquor as to the quality is either simple as common water which draws forth the virtues of things but slowly or some certain distilled water especially in hot affections Whey of Milk in Melancholy the broth of flesh and Aqua vitae which is indued with a wonderful faculty of extracting the virtues dissolving the spirits and operating substance of things and attracting it to it self in which it surpasseth all others and therefore chiefly to be used for cold affections and infusions to correct Phlegme and Melancholy a smal portion of it being mixt with the Liquor of the iâ—fusion White Wine is next in praise for extracting and inbibing the virtues of things w'h is most fit in cold affections if you make the infusion in it and water of each a like quantity or otherwise you may find some other convenient Liquor Or else compound as some of the aforesaid decoctions The Quantity is not determined but left to the discretion of the Apothecary is prescribed by the Physitian with q-s. that is a sufficient quantity But although in general the infusion of Catharticks be so used as is said that of all or either you may excusedly prepare an insusion for purges to better purpose than when they are boyled as is said in the Apozem yet more specially of late iâ— is grown in use only to have two kindes of infuâ—â—ons for the Liquor of a purging potion which as most usual are wont to be generally prescribed 〈◊〉 An infusion of Rhoubarb alone to one dram or a dram and a half correctives as Cinamom or Spikenard being added to gr 6 or helf a scruple in cold persons or else in hot tempers yellow Saunders to half a scruple for the liquor of a Cholagogue potion as also for a Phlegmagogue 2. Or the infusion of Rheubarb from 〈◊〉 dram to a dram and half 2 scruples of Agarick being newly made into trosches being added with his correctors for a phlegmagogue potion or where Phlegme and Choler are mixed together An infusion is usually made in the distill'd waters of Endive and Succory as in Châ—l rick people or Plant ain water if a flux of he belly be present it may also be made either in an altering or purging decoction or some of the afore-mentioned or in some other approprâ—â—t Liquâ—r III. A DECOCTION and INFUSION together are very usual when it shal be prescribed let such purgers with their Correctors be infused in s q. of some of the above-mentioned decoctions to which purpose are Rheubarb and Agarick only usually admitted so at this day it is most usual and frequent to have the decoction oâ— Senna rescribed to be mixed with the infusion of â—heubarb alone or Agarick according as the indications require a potion purging either Phlegme Melancholy or adust choler IV. Any other LIQUOR that can satisfie the intention of the Physitian is sometimes taken to make a purging potion and dissolve Cathâ—rticks in as for example any of these as Diacarthamum and may be prescribed to half an ounce or six drams to be dissolved in such a water or broth and to be made into a potion and this is chiefly useful when sometimes as in a sudden case through the urgency of the affection or the shortness of time or want of leisure or for other inconveniences decoctions or infusions cannot be prepared As to the quality of the Liquor some distilled water respecting the part affected and humor that is to be evacuated is to be chosen or broth so we usually prescribe Manna to be taken in broth either simple of flesh or else of a chick alter'd with cooling herbs for the cholerick so for phlegm a tablet of Diacarthamum is usually prescribed with them or else white Wine with which the root Mechoacan and Jalop which of late is come in use for the same things that Mechoacan is used are usually taken in substance to one dram or one dram and a half after they have slightly infused for phlegmatick and serous humors or else Whey of Milk or Mead but this matter is treated of thrice before As to the quantity the dose of the liquor in which the things are to be dissolved varies much according to the age of the Patient for to Boyes two ounces wil suffice to Youths three ounces to elder people four or five ounces at most because seeing they require a greater quantity of purging Medicines to be moved with all unless you dilute them with a considerable quantity of Liquor your potions wil be too thick and ungrateful Things to be DISSOLVED are considered either in quantity or quality In relation to the quality there are dissolved 1. Purgers viz. when the Liquor of the potion is little or not enough purgative which because it usually happens there are for the most part alwayes purgers dissolved in it 2. Alterers viz. tweetners which are alwayes to be dissolved in it for the better relish sake Purgers that are to be dissolved in it are either simple or compound Simples are Manna Cassia which are usual in purging choler gently as also to lenifie the affections of the Breast and Reins or hard dry viz. in the form of powder as usually the powder of Rheubarb in the spitting of blood dysentery or other flux of the belly c. Mechoacan for phlegmatick and waterish humors and the root of Jalopâ— which of late is used in the room of Mechoacan Compounds are either officinal or magisterial Officinal or the purgers of the shops are either syrups as syrup of Roses solutive of Succory with Rheubarb of Fumitory compound De pomis Regis Sabor
s. of such a decoction make a potion c. or else turning the order say â„ž c. viz. of such or such a decoction 3 ounces in which dissolve c. Make a potion This same form is likewise commonly used with the common purging decoction of the Shops II. 〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉 â„ž c. viz. those things that are to be infused make an infusion in q s. of some Liquor before mentioned over hot embers twelve hours or a whole night or if you please without noting the time then strain it and dissolve in it c. so make a potion It may otherwise be more briefly prescribed thus â„ž The expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb made in a fit water in which dissolve c. So make a Potion This is to be noted that when Mechoacan or the root of Jalop are infused they should be prescribed to be infused in white Wine so let it be given in the morning with the usual ordering without any expression to one dram or a dram and half IV. If of a decoction and an infusion together â„ž c. viz. those things that are necessary to be bâ—yledâ— make a decoction in q. s. of some appropriat Liquor in a sufficient quantity of the strained Liquor infuse c. viz. those things mentioned before in the infusion then having strained them dissolve c. so make a potion and this order is now most usual V. 〈◊〉 without these the potion be prescribed of some other Liquor then thus â„ž c. viz. the purger that is to be dissolved as Diacarthamum six 〈…〉 to purge a phlegmatick person make it into a potion with s q of such a Liquor The UTILITY a potion in general is very commodious when we have an indication of purging either with a minorative Medicine to lessen the humors before concoction or an eradicating Medicine to exclude the humour already prepared and concocted or else of otherwise evacuating it without this preparation which seeing it may be done with Medicines under the three-fold form of pils boles and potions for powders and purging tablets as also syrups never come in use unless in the form of a potion dissolved in some convenient Liquor of these a potion is to be preferred in these cases When humours in respect of their scituation are gathered in the first region of the body and are to be expell'd without any perturbation of the body not to be drawn from far for in this liquid form the purging quality soon descends into the belly with the Liquor and is soon communicated to it so that in so short a time the purging quality cannot be diffused to the more remote parts although some smal evacuation happen also to them by consecution of the humors unless you boyl or dissolve stronger Medicines and in a greater quantity which cannot be done so safely in which case pils are better which staying long in the belly the virtue of them at last insinuates it self into the habit of the body therefore a potion is most commodious in affections of the stomack and neighbouring parts Pancreas Mesentery Spleen Liver and other inferior parts But in respect of the several sorts of humors to be evacuated the form of a potion as also of a bole doth more agree with tempers and affections that are cholerick then the solid form of pils because both to moisten lenifie and cool which three properties such a hot and dry constitution requires those things which are suppable and liquid do more aptly perform and therefore rather to be used unless a great weakness of the stomack and a broken strength which are more dissolved by Liquid things require the contrary then 't is better to use pils or boles 'T is also very profitable to purge Melancholy because this humor as it were dusty with drought may be washed down by such actual moisture and the wayes by which it is to pass made slippery and al other hinderances relaxed and moistened T is also very useful in phlegmatick affections unless the stomack be very weak so that the plegm be found in the first or second region of the body for if it be in the third Region or remore parts it wil be little advantagious unless composed of the stronger and greater quantity of purgers from whence danger 'T is also useful in obstructions of gross dry condensated humors and also in the summer as pils in the winter A Corroborating Potion A Corroborating Potion which also sometime is called a Julep drink or Cordial potion is a liquid form of medicine composed of Confections or Cordial powders and a syrup dissolved in a fit liquor to strengthen and confirm the principal parts restore strength and help the peculiar affections of the heart In this three things are considerable the Composition Vse and Vtility In COMPOSITION two things are to be regarded 1. A fit Liquor of which 't is made 2. What things are to be dissolved in it The Liquor is to be regarded in relation to his quality and quantity In relation to his quality there is prescribed 1. Some distill'd Cordial water as of Borage c. 2. Some distill'd water and a convenient juice together which is most usual for 't is seldome made of a Juyce alone and seldom also of decoctions or infusions In respect to its quantity the dose is the same as of the purging potion three ounces or sour ounces yet in summer and in the great heat of Fevers and other hot affections you may prescribe a larger quantity Things to be dissolved are also considered in respect to their quality and quantity In relation to the quality there is alwayes dissolved some fit Cordial syrup and besides it alwayes 1. Either some Cordial confection alone as usually Confection Alchermes de Hyacintho c. of which see in the Juleps 2 Or some Cordial powder alone and that either simple as Harts-horn Coral Bolearmoniack Terra sigillata Pearls Fragments of preticus stones Vnicorns horn Bezar stone these may be prescribed and are to be chosen according to the urgency and variety of the affections Or else compound as the powder of some electuary of the shops as Diamargaritum frigidum c. and this is most usual to be prescribed for this sort of Cordial Potions as the simples are though much seldomer 3 Or some Confection or powder together In relation to the quantity syrups are usually prescribed to an ounce and an ounce and half Cordial confections from half an ounce to an ounce and an ounce and half at most Cordial powders from one scruple to two scruples or one ounce at most But if it be of the more scarce and pretious sort let it not exceed one scruple so for the most part 't is prescribed to half a scruple and one scruple The fragment of pretious stones and Vnicornshorn from gr 5 to half a dram Bezoar stone to gr 4 or 6. Confections and powders together are so to be prescribed that they may
compleat the whole dose taking the greater quantity of this or that or equal parts as you see fit The USE is for 1 dose only according to the present necessity at any time of the day or the disease And this is the usual FORM of RESCRIBING ℞ c. viz. the Liquor in which dissolve c. so make a potion to be taken at such or such an hour Mark this that because some Cordials are dissolved in the potion they may be prescribed in the said form or else without the straining after dissolution 't is usual to prescribe all the ingredients adding only Make a potion The UTILITY 'T is very effectual against divers affections of the heart as Swooning panting c. malignant affections poysons and when it is to be strengthened being made weak by the violence of diseases as also when the virtues of it and al other principal parts are dejected they are through the continuance of the whole disease to be assisted and restored being weakned to be strengthened and confirmed being exhausted to be recruited An altering Potion THat is to be called an altering Potion which is under a Liquid form not allotted either to purge hurtful humors or comfort the strength of the body oppressed so it be to alter any way or evacuate so it do it not by purging as in expelling the stone of the Reines c. prescribed for one onely dose to be taken by the mouth at one time The COMPOSITION of it is the same as of the corroborating potion viz. of a Liquor fitted for your present intention either a distill'd water only or else some Juyce or decoction being added to it and some convenient powder to be altered according to the variety of your indications and a proper syrup serving to the intention of the Physitian al which are prescribed in the dose after the same manner as the strengthening potion as you may perceive by one or two examples following A somniferous potion restoring and corroborating the strength exhausted by over-watchings ℞ Water of red Poppyes water Lilles and Lettuce of each two ounces syrup of white Poppy one ounce syrup of Violets half an ounce Consectio Alkermes half a dram Make a potion to be taken at the time of going to sleep A Potion for the Worms and also Cordial Take the water of Purslane and grass of each two ounces Confection of Hyacinth half a dram powder of Earthworms dryed one scruple Coralin and the shavings of Hartshorn of each one scruple syrup of Lemons one ounce So make a potion A potion to hasten delivery of a Child Take Hypocras made by the infusion of Cinnamon and Dittany in white Wine four ounces or five ounces Cinnamon water half an ounce Corfectio Alchermes one dram Saffron half a scruple syrup of Mugwort one cunce So make a potion CHAP. IV. Of Syrups DIvers simples there are Herbs Roots Seeds Fruits Flowers and others or the Juyces of them which cannot be had alwayes when need requires them especially in winter and autumn that decoctions infusions or other Medicines may be prepared of them for a present use or else they cannot be preserved sound without loss of their virtues so long a time or if they may yet the urgency of the affection or other inconveniencies do not alwayes allow such leisure as to attend the preparing of Medicines of them in divers forms or til the virtues of them may be sufficiently extracted from hence appears the necessity of syrups for the divers virtues of Plants thus kept and preserved by the benefit of Sugar or Honey in the form of a syrup are alwayes ready for use in every pressing necessity to serve for the various scope of the Physitian and are preserved sound without any depravation having joyned with them a grateful taste so that syrups are as it were a certain preserving of a medicinal Liquor Juyce decoction or infusion in which is retained the efficacy of the Medicines But a syrup is the invention of the Arabians and was scarce known to the antient Greeks we read of only mention made of Oximel and cute in Galen and Hypocrates after whose example the Mauritanians have a lorned their pharmacentick art with a various collection of syrups the modern Greeks as Actuarius cals it Scrapium Some derive this name from the Greek others from the Arabick but this is little considerable Whatsoever it is though at this time it be taken either properly for that which I shal describe and for that which is extant in the shops or improperly for a decoction preparing humors or an Apozem as Rondeletius and Jeubertus have written as an altering Julep for the Italians at this day cal a Julep Serapium perhaps because a syrup is the basis of a Julep yet at Montpelier A SYRUP is a fluid form of a Medicine made of a decoction Juyces or an infusion preserved with Sugar or Honey boyled to such a consistence that a drop on a marble or plate may not spread abroad prepared either to alter or purge It is of two sorts an altering syrup as was the syrup of the Antients and this hath been revived by our latest Physitians and a purging syrup The altering Syrup The definition of an altering syrup is to be sought among those things which we have said before in the altering Apozem as also the differences there set down But for the clearer method use and prescription sake it is two-fold Officinal and Magisterial The officinal or usual is that which is publickly extant 〈…〉 in the Apothecarys shops of which I 〈…〉 in the use of it and in respect of the prescribing of it many things occur necessary to be known hereafter to be rehearsed And this diversly divided as wel in relation to its virtues as its composition The differences taken from the virtues are considered either in general hot cold moist dry temperate Or in special in respect of the humors and other parts of the body In relation to the humors it alters either in the first qualities to which belong according to the diversity of the humor that which alters concocts digests prepares either choler phlegm melancholy or blood or in the second qualities in which number are contained those which cut attenuate incrassat cleanse binde or in the third qualities hither are referd those which cause easy coughing lenifie expectorate provoke Urine break the Stone provoke the courses condense the parts expel poyson and corroborate In regard of the parts which they properly respect some are Cephalical others Cordial c. which you may seek among the store of Physical remedies here I shal only propound the division of the Officinal syrups according to their composition and faculties onely considered generally because other things more appertain to the physical magazeen withal intending to give a Catalogue of the more usual sort because some are here in use which in other places are grown obsolete and so on the contrary neither is there the same number in use every where
her endeavour the more easie by these means which we often do also without giving a vomit by thrusting the finger down the throat or a feather dipt in oyl But those which work only by their quantity and move the excretive faculty by their warm moisture fatness are not profitable when that that is to be vomited up either is not in the stomack but in the adjacent parts or else are contained in the more remote parts or if in it are fixed in the tunicles of it or are not prepared so that they cannot be shaken out without a greater and more violent motion for then 't is better to use the compounds In the COMPOUND Vomitory two things are to be considered 1. The matter of which 't is made 2. The things to be dissolved in it The MATTER of a Vomitory is two-fold Liquid and solid The liquid matter or liquor with which I defined a Vomitory and which is for the most part used either provokes vomit or doth not provoke it That Liquor which doth provoke vomit is either a decoction or an infusion or sometimes water or a distiâ—led Liquor As to the VOMITING DECOCTION in it three things are to be regarded 1. The matter or ingredients whereby it becomes a vomitory 2. The Liquor in which these things are boyled In either of these we must see to the quality and quantity The matter or ingredients as to their quality are diverse parts of vomitive simples and those moderate for the strongest sort seldom are put into decoctions as Roots Barks Leaves and sometimes Seeds and Flowers of which 2 3 or four should be prescribed together As to their quantity those moderate vomitories are prescribed almost as those of Potions that is that they make in all one ounce two ounces or three ounces at most but particularly if one or 2 of these following be added with others or should be prescribed of themselves it should usually be in these following doses The root of Asarum to one dram two drams or three drams The middle Bark of a Walnut-Tree to 1 dram or two drams The roots of Pompions dryed to two drams and half an ounce The flowers of Broom to two drams or three drams or so many pugils As to the quality of the Liquor in which they are boyled you may take very commodiously fair water or where the humors are also to be cleansed from the stomack Barly water or some decoction where they be dry sharp and hot or Mead where gross clammy humors are to be attenuated cut and cleansed or Oxymel made with water in either case or fat and lenifying broth where the acrimony is to be temper'd whether it be of the humors-or poysons taken or of sharp violent vomits so also water and oyl in the aforesaid case which are therefore chiefly convenient because they are reckoned among the gentler vomitories The quantity of the liquor is usually let to the judgment of the Apothecary yet you may prescribe it having regard to what is said before in the Apozem and potion only observe that because for the most part they take eight ounces of Liquor for a vomiting potion those moderate vomitories should be prescribed to double the quantity A Vomiting Infusion in relation to the quality of the things to be infused is most commonly prepared of the strongest sort of vomitories which are more rightly infused then given in substance or decoction as those two most famous for their vehemency in working white Hellebor of the Antients and Antimony of modern practicers and although to the same purpose we may take also the moderate vomitories as Asarum Radishes Pompion roots dryed the middle bark of Walnuts c. yet because there cometh no danger from them either given insubstance or decoction they are to be prescribed onely in decoction but in these stronger 't is better only to give the infusion which communicates onely its spiritual virtue without any quantity of the substance which might make the operation last the longer or irritate the excretive faculty too much Therefore two things chiefly serve to prepare an infusion of white Hellebor of old most famous not only in rebellious and desperate affections but also in the sleighter sort but now scarcely used in the greatest and then with caution which being prudently had you may infuse it from half a dram to one dram and a dram and half in broth adding withal one scruple of Cordials for correctors In the place of this you may give an Apple made hollow a little then filled with the root of white Hellebore and roasted afterwards the Hellebor being taken out give it to eat So also the root of a Radish stuck thorow with slices of it then roasted and eaten But in the place of Hellebor as it is now generally used take Antimony the other growing out of date neither let it trouble you that it hath hitherto been rejected by the unexperienc'd for 't is far safer than the other and finisheth its operation without any manner of suffocation convulsion or danger of other vehement symptomes to the same purpose some use Antimony crude some its Vitrum and some the regulas of it but 't is better to chuse that preparation of Antimony which they cal Crocus Metallorum because so prepared 't is spoiled of its fetid sulfur which otherwise may be the cause of great symptoms To the same end take Antimony so prepared to 1 scruple or half a dram or rather half a scruple or gr 12 infuse it in three ounces or 4 ounces of white Wine over hot embers strain the liquor thorow a brown paper and give it Of the same Crocus is made that water commonly called Aqua benedicta instead of the aforesaid Crocus you may infuse the vitrum to one scruple or rather to gr 12. in any fit Liquor As to the quantity of the things to be infused what is said before wil. serves or these stronger if you would use them which are moderate you may prescribe The root of Asarum from one dram and a half to three drams and half an ounce The roots of Pompion dryed from one dram to three drams Nettle seed from one dram to half an ounce The bark of Walnut to 3 drams and half an ounce But 't is better to use the Antimony before spoken of As to the DISTILLED Liquor it is seldom prescribed by a Physitian except distilled Vinegar of late by the vulgar brought into Physical use which being most violent in workings is to be used with caution and that in strong people only and it is prescribed two wayes either distill'd alone out of a leaden stil or else as it is in use by the Women of Montpelier they take a Loaf hot out of the Oven infuse it in two or three pound of Vinegar and so distil it the use of this Liquor as also of the former is to give three ounces or four ounces in Fevers and chiefly Agues that are of long continuance either before or in the
and those which are new weighty and full which if it be shaken doth not rattle or sound shining without and ful of fat pulp within Neither is it to be drawn til to be used for after 't is kept in it groweth sowr The Qualities As to the first qualities Cassia is very near temperate for Avicen lib. 2. ch 197. writes that it is temperate in the active qualities but that in the passive it doth somewhat moisten Serapio lib. Simp. ch 12. makes it altogether temperate Mesues cap. 6. Simpl. writes that it a little inclines to heat Ant. Musa in exam simpl says it is hot and moist in the first or beginning of the second degree As to the second qualities it lenifies mollifies and loosens purgeth choler and phlegme and makes the blood pure As to the parts and affections 't is dedicated to the Brest Lungs Liver Reins and bladder and is therefore profitably used in the Pleurisie burning Fevers hot distemper of the Liver heat of the Reins and bladder and also in the stone in the running of the Reins or Gonorrhea proceeding from a sharp matter or cholerick sperme As to the age and Sex 't is safe for all ages and very profitable for Women with child Correction of it Besides the aforesaid commodities Cassia hath this discommodity that 't is very windy maketh so slippery and is of slow operation hence it is hurtful for them that are troubled with windinesse and that have a weak moist stomack and less commodious for them that are of a loose belly and is hurtful for the Ulcers of the Reins and bladder and little helps them that are of a costive nature unless these defects of it be correrected But it is corrected as to its windiness with halfadram or a dram of the seeds of Annise Fennel Citrons as it over-moistens or relaxeth wth the powder of the bark of Myrobolanes Reubarb Ciâ—amon Mastick but chiefly Coriander seed prepared and as to its sloth in working 't is to be quickened with two drams or half an ounce of some purging Electuaries or Tablets The Dose 'T is given for the most part to children from three drams to half an ounce to those of ripe age an ounce an ounce and a half two ounces to those that are with child or weak one ounce if Cassia with the cane be taken the dose is the same But the most usual dose of Cassia is from half an ounce to an ounce The manner of giving it Cassia is taken either in the form of a bole or a potion if it it be taken in the form of a bole the basis is Cassia to an ounce or an ounce and a half as need requires correctors being added or things respecting the part affected to half a dram or a dram or things that quicken it to two or three drams more or lesse and so with q. s of Sugar is made a bole as for example in affections of the breast â„ž of Cassia newly drawn one ounce more or lesse Flower of brimstone or some other pectoral powder to a scruple or half an dram the seed of Annise or some other corrector two scruples with sugar make a bole In burning Fevers â„ž c. of Cassia one ounce the seeds of Citrons powdered one dram with sugar make a bole In affections of the Reins and Bladder 't is prescribed of Cassia six drams Turpentine washed in Pellitory-water two drams with powder of Liquorish sugar q. s make a bole so according to the indication may be adjoyned those things that suppresse the effluvium of the seed as Coral Mastick Oriental bole Troschisch of Amber to half a dram or two scruples and so with sugar make a bole 't is a most excellent Medicine if the faculty of Cassia is to be acuated â„ž of Cassia six drams or half an ounce some purging Tablets or Electuaries as Diaprun solutive or Electuar de succco Rosar two or three drams Coriander seed prepared 2 scruples with sugar make a a bole In those that are of a loose constitution other purgers are added that are indued with a strengthening binding faculty as to 1 ounce of Cassia take an ounce of Reubarb or the barks of Myrobolanes and half a dram of some of the correctors so with Sugar make a bole But if it be taken in the form of a potion some Liquor is to betaken in which the Cassia is to be dissolved This Liquor is either a distilled water as of Sorrel Endive Succory or some decoction of fit plants as for example take of Cassia an ounce a half which dissolve in q. s of Liquor make a potion Of late at Paris they have began to use Cassia in infusion which way is of all the best because Cassia in the form of a bole is ungrateful through its extream quantity and if it be dissolved in a fit Liquor it renders the potions too gross therefore 't is much better if Cassia be infused in some conveniet Liquor in some hot place and a q. s of the in fusion strained be dissolved in other things c. or if need be some other may be joyned and so given as for example in burning Fevers â„ž Sorrel water as much as you wil in which infuse of Cassia newly drawn an ounce and a half or lesse in q. s of the strained Liquor dissolve two drams of Electuary of the juice of Roses more or lesse make a potion MANNA The Kinde THe word Manna is a doubtful word for somtimes 't is taken for the Manna of Frank-insence which is nothing else then the smal corns of frankinsence broken off in carriage or else 't is meant of a dew condensed in this latter sense I here understand it Of this there are diverse differences taken from the Provinces but that which is usual in the shops is that which is brought out of Calabria which is gathered in Calabria by the Inhabitants about the dogg-dayes upon the leaves of the Ash and the wild Ash which is two-fold Manna in grains which is as it were in smal grains and the Masticine Manna which consists of the greater grains like Mastick The first is called Manna of the leaves because 't is gathered from the leaves the other is called Manna of the body because 't is taken off from the greater boughes And this Manna is altogether celestial i. e. falling from the very region doth settle on the leaves and doth not proceed like Gum out of the tree as Altimarus and the Monks that have commented on Mesues have written for it fals not onely on the leaves of trees but also on the Meadows so that the mowers cannot untangle easily their sickles from the grasse by reason of the Manna dissolved on them with the heat of the Sun but the reason why 't is onely gathered from the Ash and wild ash called Ornus is because the Ash hath some occult quality whereby it doth thicken and coagulate the Manna which from other trees drops off like Honey on
the grasse benerth The Election That is to be chosen that is white new not more then a year old for that which is red or brown is too old round whose grains being broken are not spnngy nor ash'coloured but solid and white The Qualities According to Avicen and Mesue 't is temperate to Averrhoes 't is hot and moist it opens mollifiers smooths gently moves the belly draws forth choler and purgeth watrish humors chiefly dedicated to the wind-pipe and breast hence it is profitably used in hectical Fevers and to quench thirst 't is lesse useful in burning Fevers for its sweetness for which reason it easily turneth into choler 't is safely given both to Women with child and children The Correctors Because it is flatulent 't is corrected with a little Cinnamon Ginger or Aniseed and because 't is slow of operation 't is usually quickened with syrup of Roses solutive or some gently purging decoction some add two three or four grains of Diagridium The Dose Is from an ounce to two or three ounces but commonly to an ounce and a half and to children one ounce Mesues appoints from six drams to fifteen but perhaps he meant the best sort of Masticine Manna The form of giving it 'T is given iâ— the form of a potion dissolved in the broth of a Chicken in which 't is scarcely perceived or in VVhey or in some decoction or in a convenient water In the Cholick with oyl of sweet Almonds to which a little Malmsey should be added sometimes t is prescribed to be eaten down TAMARINDS The Kind T Is a fruit of a certain kind of Indian tree which the Arabians have referred to the kind of dates as if it were the fruit of a wild Datetree because t is called the Indian date for Tamar in their language signifies Date But they have not properly called this fruit Dates as if the tree were of the kinds of Dates or like a Date tree but more respecting the similitude of the fruit which also contain little stones in them as Dates do then which they had found no fitter name but the pulp of this Fruit onely is in use the stones being to be cast away The Election Those Tamarinds are the best that are fat and pulpy brown sharp and soft from whence they were called Oxyphaenica The Qualities They are cold and dry in the second degree as Mesues writes and that to the height as Brassavolus and as Avicen saith in the third they mitigate humours too much burnt especially choler they move the belly and purge choler therefore are profitably used in vomitings to quench thirst in madness and for those that are obstructed hydropical sick of the Jaundies and Spleen-sick they also prevent all exulcerations of the skin hapning through too much torrifying of the blood as the Scabs Leprosie Frâ—ckles and Ring-worms The Correction They hurt by their coldness a cold stomack and are of slow operation and are therefore corrected with Mace Mastick Cinnamon and Spiâ—enard and are quickened with whey of Goats milk Juice of Fumitory or Hops Manna or Cassia The Dose Is from one ounce to two and three ounces which varies according to the manner of giving them The manner of giving them They are given either in the form of a bole or potion if in the form of a bole then the masse of them is first to be washed with a pestle after driven through a hair sieve placed over steeming hot water and afterwards adding correctors to the proportion as is said in the Cassia with Sugar make a bole But for the most part Tamarinds are not given alone but to half an ounce of the pulp of Tamarinds is added one ounce of Cassia then adding Correctors as is said in Cassia make a bole the form of a potion is used either in an infusion or a decoction The infusion is made thus they are steeped in Endive water three hours afterwards make an expression and give the strained Liquor with Sugar The decoction is made thus â„ž of Tamarinds one ounce boyl in it ten ounces of VVhey or some other broth altered with Hops or Fumitory til two ounces be wasted strain them thorow a thick cloth take of the strained Liquor two five or six ounces with Sugar make a potion The Dose of the decoction and infusion is the same viz. from â„¥ ii to â„¥ v. or â„¥ vi JUYCE of ROSES Roses used in the Shops are white red damask either common or musked The Kind This is the juyce drawne forth of the damask Roses or else from the musked white ones not the common ones wherewith rose Gardens abound but either of the damask or musked Election The juyce of the musked Roses and damask Roses is to be preferred before the juyce of other pale Roses and the juyce of Roses full blowne is better then that of the buds The Qualities This juyce is hot and dry in the first degree though Roses themselves be cold in the first and dry in the second degree the reason according to Mesues is because the juyce is here separated from the earthy and cold substance It discusseth cleanseth opens purgeth choler and yellow watrish humors and moves the courses gently therefore not to be given to women with child 'T is good for the liver and heart and is used in obstructions of the liver and pantings of the heart as also in cholerick Feavers for it purgeth humours that cause these diseases it strengthens the bowels by purging them and there is no malignity in it The Dose and manner of giving it 'T is given from â„¥ i. to â„¥ ii with sugred water or according to Mesues with whey or honey giving â„¥ i. of the juyce of Roses with â„¥ ii or â„¥ iii. of whey but now with us is prepared an infusion of damask Roses and of that is made syrup of Roses solutive simple called Muchard and compound also honey of Roses solutive and out of the juyce is prepared Electuary of the juyce of Roses but this is of red Roses RUBARB The Kind 'T is called Rubarb by an Antonomasia figuratively and is a famous root of a barbarous people in the East Indies or of some Province of Barbary called the Trogloditick but very ill so esteemed For as Garcias ab horte Lib. 1. c. 37. and Linscot Par. 4. Ind. Orient Cap. 29. there is no Rubarb in India but onely in China where it growes from whence it is carried to Ormur through Tartary and thence into India and againe by the Westerne Tartars into Turkey and so to Venice from whence the other Kingdomes of Europe are stored with it This Root was unknown to Galen and Dioscorides and therefore diverse think amisse that this is the Rhapontick of Dioscorides and Galen and so confound that with our Rubarb For the Rheum of Dioscorides hath no purging quality and besides wants the markes of the true Rubarb for Rubarb is in substance compact weighty and brittle bitter in tast and sharp in smell of a
confirm the virtues of the principal parts as those which are made of spices to strengthen And this is as the purging Wine in respect of its composition either simple or compound In respect of its essect either altering the body humors or spirits in the first second or third qualities or else strengthening Moreover 't is made either without sweetning or spicing and is simply called a Medicinal altering Wine or else is seasoned with such things and let often run thorow a Hypocras bagg as above and is called a Claret or Hypocras although these names belong to such as are made for pleasure In it three things are to be weighed the Compo only sition the Vse and the Vtility The COMPOSITION is the same with that of the purging Wine either 't is made with Must when the use is to continue long for the altering of chronical and stubborn affections one simple medicament dryed or of more respecting the affection humor and part affected with a particular propriety or else with wine defecated But what ought to be the proportion of the must and dryed ingredients is before declared in the purging wine yet you may add because altering wines may be taken in a larger quantity and ought to be so a greater quantity of wine then in the former to ten times or a 11 times the quantity of the ingredients But the quantity both of wine and ingredients is to be limited by the dose that is to be taken either greater or less by the short or long contiance of its use Lastly by the quality of the simples either weak or effectual as that which spices in art to it We have said before that this sort of Wines when they are passed thorow a hypocrass bagg and sweetned are called clarets Hither also belongs that which is otherwise called Hypocras absolutely which is also corroborating composed of divers spices pleasant both in smel and taste as of Cinamom Ginger Grains of paradise Cardamomes Pepper infused to two drams in one pound of claret Wine for some hours afterwards strained thorow a Hypocras bagg divers times adding sugar s q. viz two ounces or three ounces but ' â—is generally maâ—e Iess compounded of Cinamom only but if in stead of sugar the Wine be relished with hony 't wil be vere profitable in cold affections where vvine alone is hurtfull as in the Palsey c. the honey working most effectually and this is called Oenomel or honied Wine and also Mulsum which the Ancients used much made of one part of honey and two or three parts of VVine Spices also being added if need required either to the quantity of half a part or to one fourth part or one fifth part The USE contains these two questions how much and when As to the time when it may be given every day or every other day or interposing a longer time according as the disease requires 1 two or three hours before dinner As to the quantity or dose that is moderated according to the quality and quantity of the ingredients and the divers proportion of the wine they are infused in as when the ingredients infused In it three things are to be considered Composition Vse and utility In the COMPOSITION also three 1. The matter of which stamped the milky juyce is drawn forth of 2 The liquor with which it is milked out 3. Things to be dissolved in it In all these the quality and quantity are to be considered The MATTER in relation to its quality are both fruits as Almonds viz the sweet blanched and also seeds viz. the 4 greater cold seeds of which emulsions are every where usually made To these are sometimes added both fruits as the kernels of pine nuts in affections of the breast or where we would moysten and also restore as in Hectick and also seeds as usually of white poppy Lettuce and Purslane when we would either-provoke sleep or cool more effectually or thicken thin hot humors and temper their acrimony In respect of their quantity both fruits and seeds are in general prescribed from one ounce to three ounces but in special there may be of fruits an ounce and half or two ounces of seeds one ounce or an ounce and half The LIQUOR with which this milky substance is drawn forth in relation to his quality is either fair water or some simple distill'd water or usually the decoction of whole Barley especially where we desire to cleanse or ptisan that is the second decoction of huld barly after the first wâ—ter is thrown away or else the decoction of liquorice where we would lenifie or the decoction of other pleasant things tending to the same purpose In regard of the quantity for every particular dose three ounces or four ounces wil suffice hence because Emulsions are for the most part prepared only for three doses for 't wil not be kept longer without corrupting you may prescribe 9 ounces or one pound Things to be DISSOLVED in relation to their quality are sometimes Sugar alone or as it is generally received some fit Syrup pleasant to the taste that may moisten lenifie and cool as Syrup of Violets and Maidenhair Sometimes to make it the more pleasant there is added some Rose-water They also which dissolve Manus Christi made and with Pearls do very wel As to the quantity of sweetners one ounce or an ounce and half at most wil serve for one dose an ounce or an ounce and half of rose-Rose-water wil serve for the whole Emulsion and a dram of Manus Christi for every dose The USE in it three things are to be considered the manner how the quantity how much and the time when As to the manner 't is taken either by it self in the form of a drink or else 't is often prescribed 3 ounces or 4 ounces of it with the broth of a chick altered with appropriat things As to the quantity the dose is apparent by what is already said As to the time when 't is taken morning and evening and if it be prescribed to procure sleep then at the time of going to sleep The FORM of prescribing â„ž c. let them be beaten in a marble Mortar pouring to them by little and little c. in the strained Liquor dissolve c. so make an Emulsion for three or 4 doses to be used as aforesaid The UTILITY an Emulsion is not only prescribed to lenifie and asswage the affections of the Breast and Lungs especially the hot and dry the burning of the Reins and Bladder sharpness of Urine and Gonorrhea as they usually wil have it but to other uses also against thirst and to temper heat in any hot diseases and therefore is most peofitable in burning continual Fevers to temper the drought of them that alwayes accompanieth such diseases therefore are they very usual in the Hecticks and to provoke sleep and alter in Fevers or any hot distempers instead of Apozems Generally 't is used to lenifie cool and moisten CHAP. VIII
The Vtility is great and the virtue of it specifical besides what is afore-said in taking away diseases especially cold ones and those of long continuance as the Palsey c. CHAP. XII Of Sugred Water and Barly Water SUGRED WATER is a more sweet and pleasing drink than Mead and is almost as effectual in those in whom we abstain from the use of Mead for fear of heat and is chiefly convenient for them that are abstemious It is made of Fountain water clarified at the fire 12 parts and sugar one part more or less to your palate You may aromatize it with Cinnamom or in fevers with Saunders to 3 drams or half an ounce so let them use it for their ordinary drink PTISAN was a meat of the Antients which we now call barly Cream Our ptisan is a drink fit broth for the healthy and Feverish and when heat is either present or imminent and where Wine is forbidden And this is made divers wayes according to the desire of them that take it Either it is made simply of whole Barley and fountain-water to one part of Barly ten fifteen or which is better twenty parts of water as 't is generally made in the shops which is to be boyled to the consumption of five parts and til the barly swel much Nicholaus therefore directs ill to boyl it to the consumption of fifteen parts unless it be for meat and such like is vulgarly ealled in the shops Barley water and decoction of Barley Or else Liquorice Raisins of the Sun the roots of Grass or Sorrel and other things according to the palate of him that takes it are boyled in it though in smal quantity but 't is seldom now a dayes prescribed by the Physitian The UTILITY it moistens cools cleanses yeilds little nourishment but such as is fit for cholerick and sanguine people and for them that are in fevers or have hot affections of the Liver Stomack or Reins Note that Barly water or that which we now cal Ptisan consists of whole barly one part of water twenty parts boyled til the barly swel and the cream of Barly til it be bursted but that which we cal Barly cleansed and boyled is boyled til it go into a pulp represents the Ptisan of the Antients and if it be pulped thorow a hair strainer 't is called the juyce of Barly CHAP. XIII Of Dyet-drink BY this name of Diet we do not so much understand the regulating of the six things not natural as divers decoctions made of usual sweating Medicines through the whole use of which because an exact and accurate way of living temperately is to be observed from hence it is that these have been absolutely called by the name of Diet. But that which we understand by the name Diet is a decoction of one of the usual sudorifical Medicines or more made in a fit Liquor prepared either to alter simply or evacuate insensibly by transpiration or sensibly by sweat Therefore a Diet-drink is to be accounted two-fold altering and evacuating The altering Diet-drink ALthough these four usual sweating Medicines seem to be destined only for provoking sweat yet are they often prescribed with very good success in divers affections without sweating hence it is that I cal it an altering Diet-drink In this three things are to be considered the Composition the Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION three things also the matter of which 't is made the Liquor and the things to be dissolved in it The MATTER in relation to its quality is two-fold 1. Some of the common Sudorificks as Guaiacum China Sassafras and Salsaparilla 2. Divers alterers as roots leaves seeds flowers c. respecting the affection the humor offending and part affected But in special that matter is chosen diversly according to the variety of the parts in which the affections that are to be removed are inherent For in altering and removing powerfully phlegmatick and inveterate affections we usually take Guaiacum China or Salsaparilla either alone or mixed together with fit alterers as aforesaid But in affections of the breast as the stuffing Ulcer and putrefaction of the Lunâ—s in which now a dayes such an altering diet is usually prescribed and is every where called the pectoral decoction we chuse either China alone or else there is sometimes added to it Salsaparilla or Sassafras together with alterers appropriated to the breast So that from what is said before an altering Diet drink may be reckoned two-fold 1. Not pectoral insensibly consuming the phlegmatick affections of divers parts 2. Pectorel viz. a decoction of China sometimes Salâ—apâ—rilla being added prepared of pectoral seeds and fruits such is only now a dayes prescribed As to the quantity those sudorificks in a diet-drink not pectoral are prescribed either alone or mixed to six ounces more or less according as the time age and region shal further require but alterers as Roots Leaves Seeds Flowers either all or some of them are to be added to half the quantity they are appointed for the Apozem aforesaid But in a pectoral Diet-drink whose basis is China this if alone is added to one ounce if other things aforesaid be joyned to it then to two drams or three drams of these they usually take six drams of China Of alterers pectoral fruits are added to an ounce and a half or two ounces pectoral seeds to an ounce or an ounce and a half and if as sometimes in the Phthysis the flesh of Craw-fish or tortoises be added 't is to an ounce or two ounces The LIQUOR in relation to its quality in an altering Diet drink not pectoral is common water or some other fit liquor as before in the Apozem chiefly Mead because these sorts of decoctions for the most part respect cold affections and humors In a pectoral Diet-drink also either common water or decoction of Barly is taken but with this proviso that the China be infused in this Liquor for some hours then let it be put up together with the pectoral fruits and seeds in the belly of a chick or hen then let them boyl in the aforesaid Liquor til all be boyled to pieces As to its quantity take 10 or 12 pints or q. s as is required to boyl it throughly Things to be dissolved as to their quality in a diet-drink not pectoral are sometimes syrup or sugar and are prescribed to be dissolved together with the aromaticks as in an altering Apozem In a pectoral drink sugar of Roses is generally prescribed yet it may be also some fit syrup As to their quantity they are dissolved to an ounce or an ounce and a half in every dose The USE in it mark three things the manner the quantity and the time The decoction not pectoral as to the manner indrinking is to be taken without sweating As to the united quantity or dose it is to be taken to four ounces or six ounces as to the divided quantity it is to be used ten or fifteen dayes As to the time this
til they leisurely dissolve and are dedicated to the cough and affections of the windpipe and breast These are COMPOVNDED of a powder of lenifying thoracical simples as powder and juyce of Liquorice gum dragant Arabick Starch Penidies Sugar White Poppy-seeds c. to one ounce or two ounces as need requireth or the time you use them be long or short And that powder is taken with a sufficient quantity of muscilage of gum dragant drawn with Roserwater or with the muscilage of Quince-kernels c. or with a pectoral syrup and made into Troschischs or pills The VSE and FORM â„ž c. with the muscilage c. make a masse out of which make pils to be dissolved on the tongue of which let him frequently hold one under his tongue til it dissolve of it self and be leisurely swallowed The VTILITY is as above to ease the cough the roughness of the Wind-pipe and Jaws help hoarsness of the voice and facilitate spitting Hither belong the Lupine fashioned Troschiscks which are held in the mouth to stay rheums But those Pills that strengthen or alter any way are commodiously swallowed down in the affections of the stomack proceeding from its crude flatuousness and those which communicate with it as the head especially or those that are neerly adjacent as the Liver c. those made of appropriate strengtheners are convenient in the affections of the head by the continuance of them in the stomack especially if they be taken after meat for so the fuming quality of them ascends and so they conduce to the affections of the eyes against the dimness of sight made of eye medicines or ophthalmicks Or else they are given at going to bed such are the sleeping officinal Pills as those of Cynoglosse which are every where prescribed to stay and dry up rheumes and to provoke sleep and hither Laudanum may be referred as most used to gr IV. or V. they are prescribed also for fluxes of the belly of strengtheners and binders to be taken both before and with meat as also against the imbecility of the Liver Gonorrhea Vlcers of the Reins and Bladder Stone and divers affections of the womb But they are COMPOVNDED of a convenient powder serving to the scope of the Physitian as the affections shall suggest and that prescribed to half an ounce five or six drams which is to be made up with a convenient syrup The VSE as to the quantity of one dram of the mass are made six Pills of which two are taken once or twice a day As to the Time they may be taken morning and evening before after or with meat as aforesaid in the Candies As to the Manner they are swallowed down and if it be for affections of the lower parts as affections of the Liver Bowels Reins Bladder Womb a little of some convenient Liquor should be drank after them that thereby the Medicinal virtue might be conveyed to those parts the sooner to good purpose The VTILITY is enough spoken of before CHAP. VI. Of Troschiscks THey are otherwise called Circulets and little Cakes by the Greeks and Pastils by the Latines and of some Orbicles It is a solid and hard form of Medicine in the forms of Lupines made of divers powders into a paste with some convenient liquor which made into little round Cakes are dried and kept And these are either officinal or magisterial And both of them either internal or external The officinal internal ones are either Purgative as Agaricus troschisatus trosch of Alhandal trosch de violis Or altering either without Opium as trosch of Vipers of Squils Cipheos Hidecroy or with Opium as trosch de alkekengi for the reins and bladder of Amber for the Womh Or Cordial as gallia Moscat alipta matosc Or pectoral as Bechici albi nigri Or opening as trosc Diarrhodon and of Rheubarb for the Liver trosc de Lupatorio of Wormwood and de lacca for the Liver and Spleen trosc of myrrh for the Womb. Magisterial as they were formerly most usual so are they now scarcely at all prescribed unlesse for fumings for which they are frequent as shall be said or for coughs and defluxions as the pils Sublinguales before mentioned they are also made usually for the ulcers of the bladder and reins sharpness of the water and to stop fluxes of blood seed and the belly both to binde and open and they may also be made to strengthen â—n summ they are prescribed instead of powders as more effectual because in this form the medicinal quality doth not so easily vanish but is preserved by this means commodiously They are COMPOVNDED of a convenient powder of divers things taken in a convenient Liquor and mixed til they come to the form of pills or a paste out of which they make little round cakes which being marked with your mark are to be dryed in the shadow and to be laid up for use and these are made to the weight of 1 dram 1 dram and a half 2 drams 3 drams at most according to the virtue and efficacy of the ingedients but the powder of which they are made is to be chosen out of divers parts of vegetables especially such as are easily powdered as also of gums that are powderable as Cherry gum Styrax gum Tragants and also juyces thickened as Acacia Hypocistis and generally out of all things eâ—sie to be powdered As to the quantity this sort of powder may be prescribed from an ounce to an ounce and half and two ounces according as your use of them shall continue but most commonly an ounce and a half wil suffice That which these are made up withal is either thin as wine water distilled water the juyce of herbs or clammy as the muscilage of gum dragant or Arabick drawn with a convenient water As to the quantity they are prescribed q. s The VSE and form â„ž c. Make Troschischs as bigg as Lupines of the weight of c. let them be dryed in the shadow when you use them break one or two according to their efficacy and weight dissolve it in a fit Liquor let it be used either inward or outwards for they are prescribed as is said for both internal and external uses yet note that those which are for fumings are not to be dissolved as neither are those called Hypoglottides The VTILITY is sufficiently expressed for in this form may be kept both Alterers strengtheners For Troschischs are rather invented to preserve the virtue of the powders entire than that it should be any otherwise a useful form of a medicine for we do not use them whole but dissolved first in a convenient Liquor except the Hypoglottides and these for Suffumigaâ—ions But this form is most profitable because powders especially the cordials and others that consist of a thin essence easily exhalable by this means retain their virtues against the injury of the ayre nor wil suffer them to be diffused and as it were centers them and so produceth a more
chiefly prescribed to dissolve from whence they are usually called discussing baggs of which hereafter CHAP. IV. Of the petty Bath THis is between a Bath and Fomentation larger than this lesser than that whose use it when a fomentation cannot cover the whole part from which it doth not differ otherwise either in matter or utility so that it is a half bath in which the sick set from their thighs their knees and leggs being lifted up Or else from the bottom of their feet up to their Navel or stomack from whence the Greeks and Latines cal it by names that signifie a setting in and if the incession be in an open stool they cal it a Vaporary which is chiefly dedicated to the affections of the lower parts of the belly and is called a SEMIOVPE or half bath because it is not a whole Bath but a bathing tub onely half ful and is COMPOVNDED of the same things a Fomentation is to double the quantity of the Apozem or to half the quantity of a bath so that there is nothing else worth marking The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a Decoction for a half bath in which let the sick set from the feet to the Navel morning and evening long from meat having first had a stool to be continued three or four dayes according as there is need warm without sweating let him stay in it about two hours the moisture being vviped off let him rest in his bed the place affected being anointed if you wil with a fit Liniment Note that in the affections of the Anus Womb and bladder chiefly the matter of the half bath may be applyed to the part affected in a bagg on which let him set The UTILITY is the same with the Fomentation but chiefly to be used in affections of the parts contained in the belly or lower region when for divers reasons we dare not bath the whole body and is most commonly to ease pain which is most usual in nephritical affections made of convenient mollifiers to help the Hemorrhoids sweld with pain the difficulty of Urine also for the paines of the leggs hips of things that mollifie ease pain in affections of the bladder and difficulty of making water 't is most admirable as also in mending the affections and distempers of the Womb either provoking or stopping the courses in all affections of the Anus to mollifie the Belly ease paines of the colick c. A VAPORARY which otherwise is called a setting over is prepared when they set not in the Liquor but the VAPOVR from whence it is called a Vaporary or suffumigation is received through a hollow stool with a hole cut in the seat setting a pot ful of the hot decoction underneath which being cold another is set hot in the place The MATTER and dose of it for the decoction is as in the fomentation to be prescribed in the quantity of a Clyster or something greater The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction the steam of which let him receive thorow a hollow stool a pot being set under of the hot decoction c. The UTILITY it is used only for affections of the Womb and Anus for paine and divers distempers Hemorrhoids to provoke the courses they may also be prescribed for divers defects of the bladder See the moist Suffumigation CHAP. V. Of a Bath IT was most usual of old among the Romans for pleasure but now a dayes only used for the recovery of health and resisting of diseases what it is is manifest but it is two-fold the Aery Bath which they call a hot house of which hereafter and the watrish Bath when the parties setting in a tub are washed and this is called a Bath viz. the washing of the whole body for the most part for hot and dry distempers of the whole body seldom for cold ones for which purpose the Stove is most convenient And it is two-fold simple and compound The simple is usually only water a little warmed chiefly in Hecticks where there are lean and dry bodies which this tempers by its gentle moisture and with it also alters the distemper to this also is sometimes added Oyl Butter or Milk to moisten the more as also in the pain of the Kidnies and Convulsion or else of Milk only for the richer sort of people to the same purpose or Milk and water or oyl alone in paines of the sinewy parts and Reins convulsion through drought pricking and stitches suppression of Urine c. or water and Oyl to the same end The Compound is made of a decoction in which are to be considered the matter liquor and sometimes the things to be dissolved in it The MATTER in relation to its quality and quantity are Roots from three lib. to 5 or 6 at most Herbs in number 10 or 12 of each M. 3 4 or of 6 7 or 8 of each a bundle seeds from 4 ounces to one pound sometimes Fruits to a pound and a half Flowers 4 c. ana P. 4 c. The Liquor as to quality and quantity is sweet or fair water q. s for a bath Sometimes there are dissolved or added to the decoction and that profitably to the various scope of the indications those things mentioned in the Fomentation in a three or 4 fold proportion so usually for the Hectical is added oyl and butter ana lib 3. white Wine lib. 4. as also sometimes at the latter end of the Decâ—ction in cold affections in which a bath is very rare The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a Decoction for a bath which let him enter into morning and evening when the meat is gone out of the stomack or else when need requires as in paines having first been at stool warm without sweating let him continue in it from one to two hours according to his strength then after his egress from the Bath wipe off the moisture anoint the region of the Liver Reins with a cooling Oyntment which is usually prescribed The UTILITY is for outward affections of the skin as the scabbiness drought and 〈◊〉 of it c. as also for internal affections and especially a bath of fair water most convenient for the Hectical and lean people because it moisteneth and withal mends the hot distemper they are also convenient in the diary Fevers as was generally the practise of Galen for it relaxeth and openeth the pores by which that which is offensive may be easily excluded and are also good for the heat of the Liver and every distemper but especially the hot onely the moist one is usually remedied and better by the hot house as also the cold one which fitly resists the morbifical cause They are also made to heat and strengthen as generally to help Conception of Hysterical simples to procure the menses of opening mollifying simples appropriated to the Womb against obstructions of the bowels Dropsie Cholick Stone in the Kidnies weariness of relax ingmollifying things Lastly in every affection
the moyst Collyrium here follows the dry The dry Collyrium This useth to be prepared two ways in the form of powder and of a Troschisck The POWDER is made of simples levigated into a very sine powder aad is properly called by the Arabians Seife It is COMPOVNDED of Ohpthalmical simples reduced to a very subtle powder called Alcool to be prescribed to half an ounce or one ounce at most The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Grind it on a stone with some convenient liquor to a most subtle Alcool after dry it of which let gr two or three be blown into the eye through a small quill after it let the eye-lid be gently rubbed for some space or else that Alcool may be mixed with some convenient Liquor and so made into a Collyrium or of it may be made a Liniment as aforesaid The VTILITY is great and chiefly to cleanse off spots suffusions c. if powder only be blown in as also to cicatrize or heal or if it be dissolved in Liquor as is said it may be for divers uses though this be less usual TROSCHISHS are usually made without saying in Troschischs of the Alcohool of divers powders to six drams or one ounce at most which are made up with a convenient Liquor See Troschischs The VSE and FORM â„ž c with c. make Troschischs as big as Lupines or Pastills to the weight of one dram dry them in the shade grinde one of them dissolve it with the aforesaid things to make a Collyrium or Liniment The VTILITY they may be for any intention seeing that these Troschischs are onely a convenient form for preserving the virtues of the medicines but they are generally used to dry and cleanse c. and for the inflammation of the eyes with Opium as trosch albi Rhafis which also are prevalent for the redness to digest inflammations diminish scars and other intentions of like sort In this form fit powders may be kept vvhich are ready at hand for use either in a Linniment or Collyrium or a powder according to the variety of the scope of which before CHAP. V. Of a Gargarism T Is a Liquid Medicine dedicated to the affections of the Mouth Gums Jaws Larinx and sometimes of the head by gargarizing as they cal it washing of the Jaws and top of the throat without swallowing it down 'T is Compounded of VVATERS and things to be dissolved The waters are distilled in quantity to a pint or a pint and a half The things to be dissolved are alwaies some fit syrup to three or four ounces sometimes according to the scope Diamoron Dianucum Honey to one ounce and a half or two ounces also sometimes some juice convenient for the affection as Vinegar Verjuice in repellers to 2 or 3 ounces 2. Or of waters and Juices chiefly cooling of the first sort 8 ounces of the latter 4 with the aforesaid things that are to be dissolved 3. Or which is usual of the decoction of divers parts of plants according to your scope more or fewer neer the proportion of a Clister made in a fit liquor in lib. 1. or lib. 1 and a half in which let the aforesaid things be dissolved The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make a Gargarisme with which wash the mouth often an hour before dinner and supper or else at any time if need be cold if to repel warm if to digest The VTILITY is various according to the variety of the affections to repel in the beginning of inflammations for every hot distemper of the mouth for defluxions to cleanse to digest in inflammations for the il savour of the mouth for divers affections of the Jaws and mouth Sometimes though seldom 't is made to draw phlegm out of the head of the decoction of cutting cleansing cephalical things of thin parts but mastcatories are better for this CHAP. VI. Of an Apophlegmatisme IT is a sort of the Caput-purgiums or head-purgers as also is the Errhinum dedicated to the phlegmatick affections of the braine to draw forth forth flegme from it from whence it hath its name as for that which some do in calling them Masticatories 't is abusively for there are liquid Apophlegmatismes yet 't is of late received for a practical use because the solid form of an Apophlegmatisme is the the more vsual so that by the word Apophlegmatisme they simply understand a Masticatory as you may easily perceive But be it as it wil 't is two fold dry and liquid This Form of Head-purging Medicines is properly called a Masticatory but commonly called also an Apophlegmatisme 'T is COMPOUNDED or prescribed 1. Of fit phlegm-purging simples see the matter as usually Pellitory of Spaine c. steeped a night in an ounce or two of Vinegar which let him chew in the morning 2. Or else of the powder of the aforesaid sharp things of thin parts to 3 drams or half an ounce which is mixed with wax q. s Or else with only Mastick others do otherwise but wax is most convenient for so the powder holds the firmer together 3 Or the aforesaid powder is included in a thin but strong linnen cloth and is tyed in a knot for which usually one ounce of Mastick is taken for a basis and 2 or 3 drams of other sharper things these are prescribed make them into little knots c. The USE and FORM of the second manner â„ž c. with c. make pellets or spetting balls or globulets like great pils or troschischs in the form of Lupines hazzle Nuts c. of the weight of 2 scruples one dram c. Make chewable cakes of which let him chew one and rowle it up and down his mouth every morning when his stomack is empty and that for half an hour holding down his head often spitting out that that dissolves from the pellet after let him wash his mouth with warm water wine c. that the relicks remaining may be washed often away it may also be reiterated two hours before supper The VTILITY 't is singular after general evacuations for the particular purging of the brain it draws away the relicks of phlegmatick humors especially from the brain and chiefly from the center and foremost ventricles of it as also from the adjoyning parts to it it also purgeth the parts neer the mouth as gums jaws teeth in the ach of which 't is usual mouth throat and whethersoever the heat of it it can diffuse it self Lastly it melts cuts and draws forth plegm and is excellent in cold and inveterate affections of the brain The liquid Apophlegmatisme It is like the Gargarisme which may be called the purging gargarisme 'T is Compounded of the Decoction of Cephalical things that attenuate and cut whether roots leaves seeds flowers neer the quantity of a gargarisme adding also things that draw forth phlegme to an ounce an ounce and a half or two ounces made in wine or Mead. Note that it may be made more purgative by adding in the decoction Senna
cotton c. and apply it But of the Troschischs ℞ c. Make Troschischs see before The VTILITY is as is said either to strengthen or alter diversly usually to dry the brain and consume Catarrhs strengthen for Phlegm contained in the breast in divers affections to dry the ulcers of the lungs of Tobacco Coltsfoot Brimstone c. to provoke or stop the courses of fit things as also to stay the Fluxes of the belly as the dysentery against fits of the mother of ill-scented things to the superior and sweet scented things to the inferior parts to dry and strengthen the womb and help conception for Ulcers of the ears nose mouth lungs womb c. for the French Pox of Cinnaber as is usual whose fume received in a close place cures that filthy disease by a spetting Flux and all affections depending thereon as Ulcers pains And t is usually made in the form of a powder or Troschisch as ℞ Cinnaber one ounce and a half Gum balf an ounce four dram of a strengthening powder two drams three drams make a powder or else with turpentine make Troschischs The MOYST Suffiment is otherwise properly called a vapor and is made of a liquor fit for the purpose sending forth a vapor by the help of boyling it T is COMPOSED 1. Either of a simple liquor as vinegar wine Aqua vitae or Rose water c. Note that sometimes red hot flints are quenched in the vinegar for the discussing of hard Oedematous swellings as also red hot tyles to be quenched in vinegar and the vapor received as is usual in the time of the pestilence 2. Or of the decoction of fit simples to be prescribed in the quantity of the fomentation or according to the ampleness of the part Therefore in affections of the ears a third part of that will suffice The VSE and FORM ℞ c. make a decoction whose vapor let them receive in affections of the womb and others also thorow a hollow stool and a leaden Pipe or Tunnel see the Insession in affections of the ears by a Pipe or Tunnel which they vulgarly call an EMBOIE The UTILITY is great especially in affections of the Womb in staying or provoking the courses of mollifiers and attenuators in the dysentery of binders in divers affections of the Anus or Fundament in stopping and easing the Hemorrhoids they are also prescribed for affections of the ears and eyes In general they may be used to dry binde relax mollifie discuss open c. CHAP. X. Of Odoraments or Perfumes THey are prescribed partly for delight partly for health but chiefly to alter the brain refresh the animal spirits to put away ill sents and infectious ayre for the increasing the vigour and spirits of the heart also the sent of them being attracted with the breath into the Lungs and thence to the heart They are made of sweet smelling things and are either dry or moist Dry Perfumes These are Compounded 1 In the forme of a powder see the suffiments but the quantity of this is to be limited according to the manner of using it if it be for the greater baggs 't is best to use the Violet or Cipreos powder but for the lesser sort two or three ounces wil serve yet so that the quantity of the gums be diminished see above which in a box bored ful of holes or otherwise you may hold to the nose in a little knot or bagg of silk 2. Or in the form of a Pomander of the powder aforesaid in Suffiment for pleasure to one ounce an ounce and a half or two ounces adding Musk Ambergreese Civet to grains 6. half a scruple or a scruple as you please And 't is made up either with Gum tragant dissolved in Rose water so make two Pomanders to be carried in the hands or which is better let them be incorporated with Ladanum dissolved so make a Pomander which anoint with some sweet oyl Note also that t is better for your Musk Ambergreese Civet not to go into the Composition but to wipe the outside of it over with them dissolved as also with oyl of Cinnamom Cloves c. alone or mixt and to renew them often 3. Or in the form of Globulets or beads made of the same masse as the powders are but the proportion of it must be according to the quantity you intend to make to which the Apothecaries to increase the quantity of them add willow charcole finely powdered 4. Or in the form of a perfumed sope for the washing of the hands and head of Venice sope or other white sope to 4 ounces sweet powder six drams and if you wil Musk or Ambergreece gr 3 4 c. with a sufficient quantity of Rose water incorporate and make bals great or little The VSE let the sent of them be often snuffed up but the scope is onely to cleanse the hands and head from filthiness c. The VTILITY is expressed at first Moist Perfumes They are Compounded 1. in the form of sweet water and this is either simple as Orange-flower water to 3 ounces of which you may add of Musk or Ambergreese gr 2 or 3 The Compound is made of Odoriferous things liquid as Rose-water Orange-flower water c. 4 ounces Cinnamon water one ounce and dry things as of sweet powders to 2 3 or 4 drams and if you wil some few grains of Musk and Ambergreese 2. Or in the Form of a Liniment which now adayes they cal sweet balsam of white wax often washed and melted one ounce of some convenient chymical oyls one dram and if you wil Musk Civet Ambergreese some few grains or more coursly of half an ounce of sweet powder wax 3 drams oyl of Ben or of sweet Almonds q. s so maken Liniment adding Musk Ambergreese c. to some few grains The VSE of the water is to wash the hands beard and hair of the head chiefly The use of the Balsam and its utility is the same as that of the dry perfume the hand also may be lightly smeared and the inside of the nostrils to avoid stenches to comfort the brain and heart and the spirits of both CHAP. XI Of the Scute IT is in general a topical Medicine for the stomack made in the form of a Scutcheon which seeing it is usually made both of plaisters and baggs custome hath so far prevailed the strengthening bagg is often used for the Scute 'T is COMPOVNDED therefore 1. in the form of a bagg of the powders of heating stomachical stomachical things observing these rules in every thing that are set down for your Quilt Caps from whose Form it onely differs in the use so that 〈◊〉 the proportion of the powder be also two ounces 2. Or in the form of a Plaister of the mass of some stomachical plaister as Empl. de Mastiche 2 ounces and of some stomachical powder to half an ounce to which also are sometimes added wel sented gums to 2 drams and are all made up with
Fruits in six times their quantity of Water 7. Concerning Clarification note that if we desire the decoction the stronger it is not to be clarified therefore they do il who boyl it again and clarifie it with the white of an Egge because by that means the virtue and essence wasteth it should therefore be thus appointed first it should be placed in Balneo Mariae or in a pot wel stopped over warm ashes so is the virtue preserved and the dregg and residence which otherwise would make it apt to putrifie wil settle to the bottom and the thin liquor clear in the upper part as if clarified may be kept for use 8. Concerning the Form of PRESCRIPTION these few things are also to be noted that fit words in prescribing forms and ingredients ought to be observed by an Artist lest he be derided or seem unskilful therefore these following things are wont thus to be prescribed â„ž Of the common or opening or diueretical roots macerated a night in white Wine for cold obstructions or for them whom Vinegar hurts or Vinegar c. Liquorice shaved and a little bruised c. The Bark of the roots of Capers c. The middle Bark of Ash c. The middle Bark of Tamarisk which three Barks are alway prescribed by the Montpellians in Obstructions and Melancholy affections The leaves of Borage Bugloss Dandelion Sorrel Cichory Endive with the roots or with the whole c. The tops of Fumitory Hops Mallows Hysop Wormwood Pontick or the tufts of it c. Whole Barley where you would cleanse and open huld Barley where you would lenifie and in the affections of the Brest The seeds of Melons and Gourds cleansed or the kernels of the seeds of Melons and Gourds c. Red Vetches c. Juniper berries c. Pippins pared and cut in slices N. 1 2 3. Raisins of the Sun picked and stoned c. Dates cleansed from their strings c. Fat Figgs or new Figgs c. Sweet Prunes c. Kernels of Pine Nuts washed c. Make a Decoction in Barley-water perfectly boyled c. CHAP. II. Of Julebs THis Medicine used chiefly for alteration unknown to the antientest Greeks is the invention of the Arabian so called because it is made of sweet and pleasâ—nt things the word Julep or Juleb signifying in the Persian tongue a sweet potion but the latter Greeks after the manner of the Arabians cal it Julapium and Jolabion which words yet remain among Physitians although the thing it self be grown out of use This is found two-fold among Authors one of the Antients another of modern Writers The Juleb of the Antients is wholly different from ours but simple consisting of some juyce distild water insusion of Barley or the decoction of one thing and sugar most commonly made for present use as was usually the Juleb of Roses otherwise called Alexandrinus or Regis most famous against thirst and heat But the Julep of modern Writers which is at this day every where prescribed retains the name of the Antients not the form and is every where called a Julep although some very late Writers cal it a syrup or Seraâ—ium as to this day some Italians do perhaps because a syrup is the basis of Juleps but at Montpâ—llier they are called Juleps But a JULEP is a fluid Medicine composed of an appropriate Liquor and Syrup and sometimes Sugar mixed together without boyling for 〈◊〉 or five doses either to prepare or alter humors otherwise or to strengthen the body Hence this altering Medicine may be judged twofold either it prepares the humors for purgation as the praepotions of the ancient Greeks which were fore running potions of general purgations which may therfore rightly be called a concocting potion or else alters the humours without any scope or intention of purging as also the spirits and other parts of the body hither appertain a strengthening and Cordial Julep In this three things are to be considered the Composition the use and the benefit In the Composition two things chiefly are to be weighed 1. An appropriat Liquor of which it is to be made 2. What things are to be dissolved in it In the Liquor two things are to be regarded the quality and quantity In relation to the Quality either there is prescribed a single distilled water regarding both the affection and the affected part which is most frequent especially in the winter time for the defect of Herbs either for a Julep to prepare the humors or alter them any other way or strengthen the faculties of the body Or else a distilled water and a juyce together which is most usual for a Cordial and strengthning Julep Or else a decoction for simple potions to be prescribed in half the quantity of an Apozem and almost in the same manner which is often to be put in practice for the concoction and alteration of humors But the quantity for every dose of Liquor is to be prescribed to three ounces or four ounces so that when the Julep is prescribed for 3 or 4 doses the quantity of the Liquor for the whole Julep should be eight ounces or twelve ounces if for 3 doses to twelve ounces or sixteen ounces for four doses having in the interim regard to the age and growth of the body for 4 ounces wil hardly be sufficient for great bodies unless it be powerful in virtue or strong in taste We must mark that when distilled waters and Juyces are prescribed together sometimes they are prescribed in equal quantities sometimes the Juyce sometimes the water exceeds each other two or three ounces but you must observe that when the Juyce that is added is sowr or sharp one ounce or two ounces will be enough for a Julep of two doses Things to be dissolved are considered in respect of their quality and quantity A to their quantity either it is sugar alone which is seldom seen or some appropriate syrup respecting both the affection and part affected which is generally received every where Besides these sweetners some other thing is alwayes to be dissolved in a Julep sometimes therfore there is dissolved 1. In a preparing Julep if you prescribe it of a decoction like apozems the same things that are dissolved in altering Apozems as aforesaid for this kinde of Julep is as it were a pretty Apor zem 2. In a Cordial or strengthning Julep either some cordial Confection and that alone as confectio Alkermes de Hiachintho especially where we are to strengthen in fluxes of the belly smal pox Worms or Treacle in contagious times Or eâ—se some Cordial powder alone and that either simple and this again arematical as Saunders or not aromatical as is usual in the smal Pox as of Harts-horn Ivory Coral-Pearls Vnicorns horn and also in other malignant humors in the Worms as also Coralline among them c. Or compound as the powder of some elect â—ary of the shops as species of Diamargariti frigidi c. as your indications
if to be had honey of Roses strained Or Electuaries which are either soft as Opiates or solid as Tabulets Opiates either purge al humors as Catholicon or phlegm only as Diaphoenicon Indum minus benedicta Laxativa Hiera picra though unpleasantly or Choler as Diaprunum simplex Diacassia Tryphera Persica Diaprunum solutivum Electuar of Roses Mesues Electuary de Psillio or Phlegm and Choler together as Diaphoenicum Indum minus or Melancholy as Catholicon best of al Diasenna solutive Confectio hamech minor or else watrish humors as Benedicta laxative solid Electuaries either respect choler as Eleci de succo rosar or phlegme as Diacarthamum Electuary de citro solutives or Choler and Phlegme together as the two last Or some powder extant in the shops as Diaturbith in Germany for phlegm and waterish humors Magisterial purgers use to be prescribed by the Physitian for present use and as is the infusion of Rhuebarb alwayes prescribed but chiefly for cholerick humours thus let the infusion of 1 dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb made in Endive or Succory water or else the expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb or the infused Liquor of one dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb for these three wayes sound the same thing ALTERERS or Sweetners besides those now mentioned are usually syrups but Manna is often given alone with broth Diacarthamum Rheubarb Mechoacam are most commonly prescribed to be taken in white Wine And these in respect of their quality are onely used as alterers if the decoction or infusion be sufficiently purging it self or if a sufficient quantity of other purgers be dissolved in the strained Liquor and those respecting both the humour and part affected from whence succeeds a happy event Or purgers also when things are otherwise and the most usual for al potions almost is syrup of Roses solutive But in relation to the quantity in general the dose of the purgers to be dissolved shal be more or less according as the decoction or infusion or both shal be nothing at al or more or less purging for Catharticks are to be dissolved in such a quantity that they may make one whole and allowable dose with the simple purgers if any be either decocted or infused which may easily be known by the several doses both of simple and compound purgers as for example the dose of Senna in a decoction that it may only moderately purge is an ounce or an ounce and a half or rather from half an ounce to an ounce of Rhubarb in the infusion that it might moderately purge frō a dram and half to half an ounce so that if you prescribe a decoction of half an ounce of Senna in which it should be infused because half an ounce is onely one third of the dose in which it may be given that is of an ounce and a half in which it purgeth moderately and also prescribe one dram of Rhuebarb which is but a fourth part of the whole dose of Rheubarb it comes to pass that these joyned make only 7 twelfths of the whole dose which make not up the whole dose by five twelfths to supply wch you must dissolve so much of some fit Electuary as may make the dose compleat as Electuary Diacarthamum whose dose since it is fix drams you must borrow from thence 7 twelfths viz. two drams a half so have you the proportion which may allowably be dissolved that with the help of the others it may moderately purge the body where other contingencies are indifferent And thus the dose of those things that are to be dissolved is to be examined that al things may be prescribed safely not dangerously or by chance But in special when the Liquor of a potion is little or nothing purging at Montpellier for a body where al things are moderate we may dissolve Manna to 2 ounces or 3 ounces Cassia in a smal quantity and not unless some powerful indication require it as in lenifying the affections of the breast and Reins because it makes potions gross and ungrateful if it should be dissolved in his legitimate dose therefore 't wil be best to dissolve not above three drams or four drams but that this smal quantity may be made up you may add the stronger sort of purging electuaries to three drams or half an ounce wherefore usually that it may be more acceptable in potions 't were better to infuse it as they do at Paris Rheubarb if it be dissolved in substance against the dysentery or flux of the belly c. you may do it to one scruple half a dram or one dram for a purging powder should not much exceed one dram otherwise it may be too thick and thereby ungrateful Mechoacan to one dram and a dram and half Jalop to one dram Syrup of Roses solutive new to three ounces and four ounces for old syrup is not used Some things are seldom used or dissolved to purge by themselves as the syrup of Roses solutive unless in delicate persons as to them that are easily purged or else as it is sometimes when the decoction of it self is very purgative Electuaries of the shops in the form of opiats if gentle as diaprunis simple diacassia Tryphera Persica Diasebesten Catholicon though seldom to one ounce or an ounce and half at most for in a greater quantity they thicken the Liquor too much diaprunis solutive and Electuary de Psillio to half an ounce six drams or one ounce at most for strong people Indum minus Diaphoenicum from three drams to six drams Benedicta laxativa from two drams to five drams But those which are in the form of Tabulets as diacarthamum de citro solutive de succo rosarum from 3 drams to six drams at most in the strongest people The dose of the infusion of Rheubarb is above-mentioned Sweetning syrups when altering although purgers are only dissolved from one ounce to an ounce and half when purging from one ounce to half an ounce unless you would purge with them only which is seldom seen The USE and FORM of prescribing is various according to the variety of the Liquor I. If the Liquor be any of the above-mentioned decoctions 't is prescribed ℞ c. viz. the said ingredients make a decoction in q. s. of a fit Liquor to three ounces or four ounces strain in it c. or without straining make a decoction c. take of the strained Liquor three ounces or four ounces for either way is usual in which dissolve c. make a potion to be taken in the morning with care and order having eaten a light supper the night before But if you would not describe your decoction at length 't wil be sufficient if having set down the purgers you prescribe any as for example the decoction of Endive Agrimony Maidenbair c. Make a potion c. II. If of any officinal decoction ℞ c. viz. the things that are to be dissolved with q.
Of Almond Milk THis differs not much in colour and taste from an Emulsion only 't is usually thicker than it This is two-fold one more liquid being a milky substance drawn out of Almonds like the Emulsion as aforesaid another thicker made thick with boyling of which at present And this is a restorative Medicine somewhat thinner of substance than syrup much like Milk hence 't is called Almond Cream Almond milk drawn and sweetned with Sugar prepared both to alter and nourish CHAP. IX Of Barly Cream THat which we from the matter it is made of call Barly cream the Antients from the manner of preparing called Ptisan which was a meat made of barly huld and baked for the Greek word signifies to hull and bark and water usually we cal this barly cream but our ptisan is a drink And though it be seldom prescribed yet 't is COMPOUNDED either after the grosser manner of barly cleansed and boyled which is given together with the broth adding sugar as you list but this is only convenient for sound people Or else that which is truly barly cream of huld barley two ounces let it boyle in fair water over a gentle fire then cast away the water and boyl it is a new water four or five houres with a gentle fire then pulp the barly thorow a strainer sweeten it with one ounce or ounce and a half or two ounces of sugar and after let them be a little boyled The VSE anciently it was wont to be the meat of feverish people but now a dayes 't is given for the most part neer sleeping time and then if they are troubled with over-watching there is added to it little of the emulsion prepared with white poppy seeds The UTILITY of it is much in fevers in which it is an alimentory medicine cooling cleansing nourishing much breeding good juyce it moystens and is best for affections of the breast hecticks CHAP. X. Of Milk and the whey of Milk MIlk also happens to be prescribed but chiefly in the phthyfick and disentery and that with some caution both in the sort of milk and also in the dose and manner of giving it Asses milk is chiefly commended in the hectick because it restores radical moysture and is of good juice Cows milk is the fattest and fullest of butter sheeps milk is fullest of cheese Goats milk moderate between all best for persons extenuated As to the USE DOSE and manner of PRESCRIBING 't is this â„ž of Asses milk when you would cool cleanse but Goats milk when you would nourish four ounces of sugar or honey left it corrupt or grow sowr in the stomack one ounce and this for the first dose for the second dose increasing one ounce to five ounces so proceeding til you come to ten ounces or twelve ounces and then decreasing again by the same degrees til you are returned to the same quantity let it be taken 4 hours before meat neither sleeping nor moving the body violenly after the taking of it But the use of milk is never to be begun til the body be very wel cleansed The UTILITY 't is chiefly prescribed for those that are hectical for it fattens restores in the use of it we must have a care that the body be not impure for in a cold stomack it sowres in a hot it turns to a nidorousness from whence comes Head-ach it is not therefore profitable for them that are Feverish or have their short rib-region puft up but 't is very commodious in the dysentery both to lenifie and also cleanse and heal the Ulcer especially if it be chalibeated and you give a good quantity of it morning and evening with one scruple of Terra sigillata four hours before any meat The WHEY OF MILK is not nourishing but medicinal and evacuates both serous and adust humors if it be liberally taken it cools and is good in those that are Feverish and in the heat of the Liver and Reins in summer time but most profitable in Melancholy and affections proceeding from it as the Leprosie Scabbiness c. especially if Fumitory be steeped in it This is the USE and manner of PRESCRIBING â„ž VVhey of Milk let it be strained boyled both because it is windy as also that any thing of curdiness in it may be separated and settled then steep in two pound of it for one night one handful of Fumitory of Succory m. ss when 't is strained add to it an ounce or an ounce and half of Sugar but the second day two ounces are to be added more so every day increasing til you come to three pound afterwards on the contrary decreasing til you come to one pound Otherwise let one pound serve every day for a moneth together steeping in it the same quantity of Fumitory adding to it when 't is strained one ounce of Sugar and in Melancholy people as much of the Cider or juice of pippins Otherwise 't is used for fevers and heats to eight ounces with sorrel steeped in it and that in the morning four hours before meat that they more hang in it tyed in a ragg 2 drams or more of yest or Leven and add to it half a dram or two scruples of spices to every pound and so according to the quantity of Hony The USE and UTILITY it is prescribed for the ordinary drink in cold affections and especially the phlegmatick and where the abstaining from VVine is advantagious or where the use of it is hurtful as in the Palsey or when we desire effectual virtues powerful both to alter cold humors and strengthen the natural heat it also wonderfully preserves from putrefaction But as it is convenient for them that are of cold complexion and for old men so is it hurtful for those that are feverish cholerick or hot of temper because it soon turns into choler and grows bitter as we may finde in boyling it over-much or by keeping it too long therefore Hippocrates forbiâ—s it to them that are very cholerick or that have great spleens in which it is too suddenly drawn into the body from hence it is that it is the cause of crudities and incredible windiness of the intrals it is also according to Hippocrates diuretica wonderfully cleansing and driving forth sand 〈◊〉 or gravel The Winish performs this more sorcibly and like Malmsey powerfully concocts cold humours expectorates â—â—enâ—thens the stomack and concoction discusseth windiness concocts crudities as also doth the commoner sort according to Galen it wonderfully loosens humors in the breast and is good for them that be asthmatick The Medicinal Mead is easily prepared of the simple by boyling dryed simples in it respecting the part to which it is destined and of those such as are most pleasant let them be boyled after it is clear scum'd let them be for example four handfuls of Herbs boyl them and strain the LIquor from them in which infuse for two or three hours half an ounce or six drams of spices
other things are joyned with it either chiefly to make it penetrate or give it the more efficacy and this is most commonly white wine for the heart Vinegar for the Liver so also for its greater virtues there are usually added the juyces of Fruits as of Limons or else of Leaves proper for the affection Sometimes the Liquor is a very liquid decoction of appropriate things but seldom As to the quantity 't is usually prescribed to one pint or 15 ounces therefore if water be prescribed it should be to such a quantity but if other liquid things be added let this be the proportion of water 8 ounces of Juyces from two ounces to three of Wine or Vinegar from half an ounce to an ounce The Powder as to its quality is either simple of Cordial or Hepatical woods barks chiefly also of flowers seeds c. or compound of strengthening electuaries and sometimes aromatical troschischs As to the quantity to every ounce of liquor one scruple or half a dram of powder wil suffice so that to the whole proportion half an ounce or 6 drams may be prescribed so that not above a dram or two of the species of Electuaries may be taken The things of mean consistence in relation to their quality there is sometimes besides the liquor and powder of which an Epithe me alwayes consists a strengthening Opiate or cordial confection as Alchermes prescribed to one dram or two drams The VSE as to the manner it is applyed with a scarlet cloth or some soft linnen dipped in it gently pressed forth and applyed warm and when it either grows cold or dry 't is to be renewed several times and continued thus a quarter or half an hour twice a day No quantity for each time is set down The time is in the morning and evening if the affection be cold or it be in winter otherwise it is to be used 4 times a day if hot or it be summer and note this diligently that if the strength be extream weak after the use of a liquid one the solid one should be prescribed The FORM of prescribing â„ž c. Make a liquid Epitheme to be kept in a glass at the time of using it take a scarlet cloth c. The VTILITY 't is generally used to corroborate and also to cool seldom to heat for this purpose the solid form is more effectual it is prescribed against the hot distempers of the heart and Liver as also to strengthen and resist malignity if there be any suspition of it their use is chiefest in Fevers in the Summer time Note that liquid Epithemes may be applyed to the whole breast profitably in burning and hectick severs composed of moyst and cooling waters or decoctions prescribed in a greater quantity as also in the burnings of the head Phrensie c. see Rose-vinegar They are also sometimes applyed to the testicles in extream heats for by their communication with the whole body the very habit of the body and the blood is cooled therefore it is most profitable in the bleeding at nose or otherwise and to this purpose they use a mixture of vinegar and water to the same end sometimes cooling things are applyed to the hand-wrists against the heat and fervency of the heart so also to the fieriness of the face c. in summ every thing comprehended under the name of an Epitheme may be used to any part inflamed or beset with a hot affection though the word Epitheme be properly understood of a thing in relation to the heart or Liver The solid Epitheme That is called so that is not fluid like water though they are prescribed of a diverse consistence as wel a soft as otherwise In it note three things Composition the Vse and Vtility As to the COMPOSITION 't is made divers wayes 1. Either and this is most usual in the form of an Opiate made of conserves of flowers powders of electuaries but seldom of a simple powder and of Confections as aforesaid with a fit Liquor distilled water simple or compound an appropriate juyce c. As to the quantity in general it scarce exceeds four ounces but in special let there be of conserves three ounces confections three drams powders one dram or two at most 2. Or else in form of a liniment especially in hot affections of the heart as also in cold they may also be used in affections of the Liver of oyntment of Roses ceratum santalinum c. two ounces fit conserves half an ounce six drams to cordial powders half a dram or two scruples 3. Or of See what Pipio signifies for it is not a Pippin a Pippin cut in two in the middle and is most usual which let bestrewed with one dram of the powder of some cordial Electuary or two drams of the powder of ordinary Epithemes Hither may be referred Puppies and Kittens cut in halves to be applyed to the head chiefly in the declination of Phrensies sprinkled with a digesting and strengthening powder of the flowers of Roses Chamomil berries of kermes and such like to half an ounce The VSE as to the manner let the solid one in the form of an Opiate be extended on a scarlet cloth wet in a convenient Liquor and gently pressed and then be applyed warm to the region of the heart and that either after the use of the liquid one or otherwise also The time is indifferent it may be renewed twice or thrice a day The FORM appears out of the composition â„ž c. make an Epitheme c. The utility of a solid form like an Opiate is chiefly to strengthen and heat as also that in form of a Liniment and that made with a Pipio see before they may also be made to cool of Conserves in the form of a Liniment but that form is chiefly used and most profitable for the Liver In general they are made to alter strengthen where the strength is much wasted CHAP. II. Of Lotions THe reason and definition of the name is clear for it is as it were a particular kinde of Bathe dedicated chiefly to the head and feet hence I account it two-fold Cephalical and for the feet The Cephalical Lotion Is COMPOVNDED of a decoction of Cephalical simples in which two things are to be considered the matter and the Liquor in these the quality and quantity The MATTER in relation both to quality and quantity there is taken of roots to two ounces or three ounces of Leaves from four handfuls to eight seeds from one ounce to two flowers pug 4. Note that sometimes spices are added to half an ounce or six drams and when you would dry powerfully unmelted brimstone half an ounce and when the head is to be particularly purged after general means you may add Senna leaves to one ounce white Agarick half an ounce The Liquor as to the quality is either a Lye made of Vine ashes or the ordinary Lye of Barbers adding white wine if you wil or to the wine
add water to 4 ounces As to the quantity 't is said of wine s q. or of each a like quantity The VSE as to the manner the head is wet with it in the sun-shine in a clear day and if you can a quiet warm place afterwards the head is to be throughly dryed with sponges soaked in Aqua vitae and lastly 't is to be covered diligently with dryed locks of hemp wel fumed with suffumigations The time let it be washed in the morning two hours before dinner the belly being first evacuated The Form â„ž c. Make a decoction wash the head c. The VTILITY is great after purging where the relicks of the matter imparted is to be dissipated consumed as also where the head is to be strengthened and they are for the most part addicted onely to the cold distempers of the head and brain they may also be prepared for other uses as for outward affections of the head as tetters dandruff lice filth made of the sharpest sort of cleansers with urine and lye alwayes adding cephalical-herbs The lotion for the feet Is compounded of the decoction of simples hot or cold made either in water or Lye as is fittest for the purpose the ingredients of the decoction should be in the same dose as for the cephalical lotion But note that as to the quality of the ingredients because this is usually instituted to provoke sleep the cooling cephalical simples are to be chosen and that the heads of white Poppy in number 4 may wel be added Note also that where you would dry heat and strengthen and in the swelling oedematous or phlegmatick affections of the leggs Salt and Allum may be profitably mingled with it to four ounces and Quicksulfure to two ounces The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction for a lotion for the feet morning or evening before meat or before sleep if it be to procure it The VTILITY is either to mend their own proper affections trembling of them to cal down the humours from the higher parts if they are made of heating cephalical medicines also to ease weariness or which is most generally the use of them to provoke sleep in the raging heat of Fevers and fervency of the brain CHAP. III. Of a Fomentation IT is called a Fomentation because it doth foment and cherish the parts to which it is applyed by the heat it is applyed withall for all Fomentations are in action hot seldom any cold And it is two-fold moist and dry The moyst Fomentation The moyst one is a Liquor fit to be applyed to divers parts by the help of Limons sisters Sponges serving to diuers intentions And this is again two-fold simple and more compound The SIMPLE Liquor that is wont to be prescribed for a Fomentation as to its quality is either hot or warm water when we would relax in pains that come from over-much fulness or Wine when we would discusse and strengthen or wine and water together where we would do both at once or either temperately or milk in great paines or oyl common or other where we would mollifie in relation to the paine and digest as to the scope or water and oyl Vinegar and water or Vinegar of Roses in hot affections or Lee of Vine-ashes in cold affections if we should digest and dry strongly As to the quantity that is to be defined by the long continuance of the use of it and the bigness of the part to be fomented so for the eye 4 ounces wil suffice for the stomack one pint or a pint and a half for the short rib-region and belly as is usual in obstructions three pints The Compound is made of the decoction of various kindes of simples parts of plants and a convenient Liquor in which we must consider quality and quantity As to the quality of the matter there are prescribed roots leaves fruits seeds flowers sometimes all together where a greater quantity is to be prepared sometimes some few only As to the quantity it is various according to the diversity of the parts As for example for the eyes it may be prescribed to the dose of a potion or the fourth part of the Apozem for four ounces wil suffice or six at most for the stomack half the proportion of an Apozem or something more for the whole belly the whole dose of the Apozem The Liquor in which the decoction is to be made is simple water or water and wine together sometimes milk where you would lenisie Lye where you would digest Smiths water where binde c. according to the scope as to the quantity t is prescribed q. s Note that sometimes the decoction being made and strained divers things may be added as white wine in obstructions of the bowels to one pint or a pint and a half sometimes Vinegar in affections of the spleen to 6 7 or 8 ounces for penetration sake Aqua vitae for the stomack to two or three ounces and to strengthen also or appropriate oyls to 4 ounces half a pint c. and it is generally the use in practice to prescribe them after the use of the Apozem in obstructions of the bowels as â„ž of the decoction prescribed for the Apozem three or four pints add to it of wine c. make a somentation for the belly The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction for a fomentation with which let the part affected be fomented with a doubled linnen cloth shreds or a sponge wet in it and a little wrung out again or else use a hoggs bladder half ful of the Liquor morning and evening so as it cools apply another by turns Note that in the fomentation of the belly under the short ribs 't is usually said let the short-ribregion be fomented in the morning 2 or 3 hours before dinner or else before supper for three or four dayes changing often the fomentation lest it cool too much and it is usually prescribed after the fomentation to be anointed with such an oyl liniment or unguent hot The Use is after general purgations otherwise whe need requires The UTILITY is large so that there is hardly any part which as it may be fomented shal not receive very much benefit from it it is used to the eyes affected both for the pain and inflammation of them c. Also against obstructions of the spleen and bowels c. against the pains of divers parts to provoke the courses for the cholerick affections of the reins inflammations of the reins it rarifies the skin that the humours contained may be the better digested attenuated dissolved when they are thin and when hard mollified it turns things to vapours and helps much by its gentle heat hence it is used in pains to relax mollifie digest dry binde strengthen heat and also sometimes to cool but then there is rather to be used an Epithem as in cholerick inflammations The dry Fomentation So I cal from the effect that fomentation and baggs which are
the sight discussing and rarifying and that in white wine often in water sometimes the urine of a boy Childe being added to two ounces The VSE and FORM of the decoction â„ž c. make a decoction in c. for a suffumigation let him receive the vapor or fume of this to his eye either through a narrow-mouthed Pot or a Tunnel other vents being closed morning and night long from meat for so many days as there is need afterwards let the eyes be fomented with a spunge dipped in the decoction or with little bags filled with the ingredients which let be applied warm by turns for a quarter or half an hour The VTILITY is expressed it may also be made to binde as in the dilation of the apple or pupil of the eye of convenient things and in the running of the tears but the first use is most frequent These for a vaporous Collyrium The LIQVID one is absolutely called a Collyrium though antiently Collyriums were properly dry in the forms of Troschischs which they dissolved in a fit liquor at the time of using them But t is COMPOVNDED diversly 1. Either of a distilled water alone simple or compound The simple may be prescribed either one two or more to four ounces make a Collyrium The Compound which is magisterial and chiefly addicted to digest discuss cleanse sharpen the sight and take away suffusions and is to be prescribed by the Physitians and is made in relation to its quality of things that sharpen the sight leaves seeds as also Cephalical heating things as leaves seeds spices as Ginger Pepper sometimes adding Gall the Vrine of a Young Boy White Wine Honey c. As to the quantity let there be of sight sharpning leaves M. six or M. eight seeds one ounce a half or 2. ounc Cephalical leaves M. 2. spices half an ounce six drams Gall two ounces Urine lib. half or lib. 1 2. Honey lib. half Wine lib. 2. The FORM â„ž c. Let them steep eight days in a glass vessel in a warm place or horse dung afterwards distil them in Balneo Mariae put the distilled water in a glass bottle and keep it for your use which is as that of others 2. Of Juices onely and chiefly of Leaves clarified and infused into the eyes or applyed with linnen raggs wet in them 3. Or of a Decoction onely of Leaves Seeds Flowers fit for the purpose to be prescribed in the quantity of a potion for four ounces wil suffice for a Collyrium 4 Or of an infusion onely of metalline things as of Antimony 1 dram in 4 ounces of water which is admirable to clarifie the sight so also gr 1.2.3 of Vitriol in Rose or Fennel water is admirable against the redness and pain of the eyes Or else made of proper vegetables infused either in a distilled water Juices or a decoction c. to 4. or 6 ounces the Liquor afterwards being strained and filtrated is to be kept in a glass for use 5. Or of a distilled water Juice Infusion Decoction 2 3 or all of these together mixed according to your intention to 3 or 4 ounces 6. Or other liquors are used alone according to your scope as VVine VVater whites of Egges in paines c. 7. Or some convenient powder made of proper eye medicines added to the aforesaid Liquor several or mixed As to the quantity of the powder 1.2 or 3 drams is to be the most those that are strong should not exceed 1 dram so with 4 5 or 6 oun of Liquor make a Collyr um Note also 't is best to strain a Collyrium for the roughness of the powders unless it be to scoure The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make a Collyrium a few drops of which 2 or 3 is to be dropped into the greater corner of the eye or and besides which seems best to me apply a Linnen cloth dipped in the same Liquor to the eyes and change them often so let it be as it were a fomentation or an Epitheme Or when the Liquors are gentler let the Patient lie forward and apply the Collyrium in a cup fitted to the eye so that it may as it were bath the whole eye The VTILITY of the liquid moist one chiefly is to cool and quench the burnings of the eyes to drive away paines and inflammations in the beginning afterwards to discuss them also to repel and stay rhewms to dry and consume teares to cleanse off any filth from them to sharpen the sight and discuss gross humors Thus much for the liquid Collyrium Here follows The COLLYRIUM like Honey 't is so called because 't is of the consistence of Honey and that three-fold in the form of a Liniment a Pultis and a Cataplasme The Liniment fashion Collyrium is made 1. Either of the powder of some fit things made into an Alcohol and a fit thing to embody it withal which is various according to the scope as a fit Muscilage honey butter oyntment of Roses c. according to your indications As to the quantity let the whole composition be an ounce viz. of powders 2 or 3 drams and half a ounce or six drams of that with which they are imbodied 2. Or without a powder of the muscilage of fit seeds as of Quinces c. but the former way is the more usual The Cataplasm and Pultis is for the most part made onely to ease paines and that of two ounces of the crumbs of white bread soaked in q. s of milk to which is added sometimes the muscilage of Fleawort to half an ounce Opium gr 2 c. 2. Or of onely the pulp of a Pippin softened at the fire or boyled in Milk to two ounces 3. Or of both together 4. Or to repel of the pulp of Quinces boyled to two ounces 5. Orchiefly to discuss after the manner of cataplasmes of the muscilage made of the residence of the sight-sharpening decoction bruised and driven through the strainer see the vaporous Collyrium The VSE and FORM of the Liniment â„ž c. Make it like a Liniment with which anoint the corners of the eyes that it may leisurely penetrate to the inward parts Or else it may be applied with a pencil to the eye-lids at the place affected Of the Cataplasm â„ž make it like a Pultis or a Cataplasme lay it on a fit linnen cloth wet in a fit liquor and apply it The VTILITY of the Liniment is special where we would help the affection of the eye-lids or cleanse to which purpose t is most usefull and also to dry it may profitably be used to discusse and for pains but then it is better in the form of a Pultis Collyriums are made in this form that by this means the powders sticking the longer may work more effectually on the part and if there be any sharp medicines they are thus allayd The Cataplasm and Pultis are used only to ease pain they may nevertheless be applied to discuss and repel as aforesaid Thus far of
oppressing the natural heat CHAP. XV. Of divers Injections BEsides those Injections that are made into the fundament others also are prescribed for divers parts of the body as into the Ears Womb Bladder Yard Vlcerous cavities especially Fistuloes and are by a general name also called Clisters Of that into the Ears They are COMPOUNDED 1. Either of oyls only or juyces waters decoction fit for the purpose according to the variety of the affections 2. Or of 2 or 3 or more of the aforesaid mixed together in which sometimes things serving to a diverse scope are dissolved but in a small quantity and these which are almost liquid themselves As to the quantity of liquid things Of Oyls half an ounce an ounce or six drams wil suffice according to its efficacy and the continuance of its use Juices VVaters Decoctions one or two ounces either several or mixed according also to their efficacy and the use wil be enough As to the quantity of things to be dissolved it must be smal because of the exquisite sense and smalnesse of the part if they be powders half a scruple or a scruple if fat things two drams Honey half an ounce c. wil be sufficient at most The USE and FORM â„ž c. drop into the ear two or three drops according to the faculty of the Medicine and sometimes the ear is to be filled with the Liquor but a little after holding down the head it is to be cleansed as chiefly when we use the Decoction If it be Oyl only some few drops are poured in after the ear is stopped with perfumed cotton especially if it be a cold affection The UTILITY 't is chiefly used for inflammations Ulcers noyses deafnesse Worms and other particular affections of the Ears See the Magazeen Physical Of that into the Womb. They are otherwise called hysterical Clysters and the pipe by which they are injected into the Womb is by the Greeks called a Metrenchite and the medicines from that Metrenchiticks They are COMPOUNDED 1. In relation to their quality as of the decoction of roots leaves c. in the quantity as for a Clyster of wch liquorstrained take 3 or 4 ounces make an Injection yet they reserve one pint for many Injectons Note that thus is made the Injection simply but sometimes and that usually other things are added diversly according to the scope as is said in an altering Clyster and that to half or a third part of the quantity of that 2. Or of the juice of Herbs clarified 3. Or of distilled waters 4. Or of some other simple Liquor See the Clyster 5. Or of those mixt together so that 3 or 4 ounces may suffice for an injection in which if any things serve to the same intention you may dissolve them in the aforesaid proportion The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make an injection into the Womb by a Metrenchite or Womb Clysterpipe The VTILITY may be for divers affections of the Womb as inflammations ulcers paines windiness to heat cool to provoke the courses or stay them bring down the after-birth for the falling out of the Womb and to cleanse it from divers impurities see for matter among the hysterical things in the following physical Magazeen or other tables Of those for the Yard and Bladder These are Compounded of a convenient liquor as hath been often said simple or compound See the altering Clyster they are also made of Emulsions as in the running of the Reins sharpnesse of the Urine c. As to the quantity three ounces or four ounces wil suffice Note that in this sometimes nothing sometimes honey chiefly or some fit syrup is to be dissolved to an ounce and sometimes the powders of divers things but ground to an exact Alchool to a dram a dram and a half or two drams The VSE â„ž c. Make an injection by a syringe sometimes when the way to the bladder is stopped 't is prescribed to be done by a Catheter The VTILITY 't is chiefly to cleanse both slime sticking to the orifice of the bladder and also filth from Ulcers for paines exulcerations excrescences of the flesh c. for heat and inflammation as usually in the virulent Gonorrhea and dry Ulces c Of those for Vlcerous Cavities and Fistula's They are COMPOVNDED of a fit Liquor proportioned to the largenesse of the Fistula in which are dissolved fit things and that somewhat plentifully where we must imitate other particular Injections viz. to the quantity of the Liquor and things to be dissolved The VSE make an injection by a Syring The VTILITY for the lessening of the callous or hardness of Fistulaes but chiefly for cleansing them to breed flesh and cicatrize matter for which you may see in his proper place God be praised FINIS An Appendix of the doses of Purgers given in substance of which there is frequent use in the treatise of the Composition of Medicines Cholagogues or Medicines purging Choler The gentler sort Cassia from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and two ounces Manna 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Tamarinds 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Juice of Roses one ounce one ounce and a half two ounces Moderate Purgers Aloes one dram two drams two drams and a half Rheubarb one dram one dram and a half two drams Citrine Myrobolanes two drams three drams half an ounce five drams The vehement sort Scammony gr six fifteen one scruple Paulus Etius to one dram Mesues gr 12. Melanagogues or Medicines purging Melancholy The gentler sort Senna 2 scruples 1 dram 2 drams some to three drams Polipody of Oak 2 3 drams half an ounce Epithimum 2 3 drams half an ounce The more violent sort Black Hellebore gr 15. half a dram two scruples Mes one dram Lapis Armenius lotus half a dram a dram a dram and a half unwasht a dram only Lap. Lazuli lotus half a dram a dram and half Mesues from two drams to two drams and a half Phlegmagogueâ— or purgers of Phlegme Gentle Carthamus soed a dram half an ounce six drams Moderate Agarick 2 scruples 1 2 drams Violent Turbith 2 scauples 1 dram 4 scruples Mesues 3 handfuls from one dram to two Hermodactils 2 scruples a dram a dram and half Mes a dram and half to three drams Mechoacan 2 scruples a dram a dram and half or two drams at most Jalap 2 scruples 1 dram 4 scruples at most Coloquintis gr 6.15 one scruple Dioscorides to two scruples Opopanax to halfe dram and a dram Sagapene half a dram and a dram Euphorbium gr 3 8 12. Hydragogues or purgers of Watrish humours Gentle as of dwarf Elder or Danewort The Seed one dram The Bark two drams The Juice half an ounce six drams So Elder in the same manner Vehement Soldanella a dram a dram and a half two drams Juyce of Ireos half an ounce 6 drams 1 ounce Elaterium gr 6. half a scruple gr 15. Esula prepared the same Mechencan and Jalap Of these see in the
use But the true preparation of Scammony is done with the juyce of Limons clarified in which it is dissolved in B. M. and whilest it is yet hot it is strained through a linnen by which meanes the grosse and impure substance that doth nothing but hurt is separated Scammony thus prepared and corrected is called Diagridium The Dose The Dose of prepared Scammony i.e. of Diagridium is from gr vi to xii and ℈ i. Mesues from gr v. to xii Dioscorides and Ruffus to ʒ i. Paulus and Aelius to ℈ ii But perhaps the Scammony of the Greeks was gentler then ours not adulterated as now a days with the juyce of Spurge therefore it is better to follow the dose appointed by Mesues then that of the Greeks so that the lowest Dose be to gr v. vi the middle Dose to gr xii and the highest to gr xv or ℈ i. The manner of using it Diagridium is used in the forme of a potion bole electuary pils powder Dioscorides gave it in forme of a potion with fair water or water and hony But now a dayes it is neater used with oyl of sweet Almonds or syrup of Roses solutive and some convenient distilled water as for example ℞ of syrrup of roses solutive ℥ i. Diagridium gr vii more or lesse with succory water s q. make a potion The Bole is made of gr x. or xii of Diagridium with conserves of roses to ʒ ii and the chymicall oyl of cloves three or four drops a most pleasant purge It is used in form of an Electuary in the Electuary of the juyce of roses and transparent diacidonium purgative the Dose of both which is ʒ iii. yet the Electuary of the juyce of roses is never given by it selfe but dissolved in some convenient distilled water in the forme of a potion There is also made a pleasant electuary of the jelly of apples to twice the weight of the sugar to which boyled up to a just consistence there is added the infusion of Scammony in this proportion that ℥ i. of the electuary may receive ʒ i. of the infusion then boyling it up to the consistence and make an electuary like clear Marmelade the dose is ʒ iii. And this infusion of Scammony is made in aq vitae which afterwards is filtrated through a gray paper 'T is used in the form of Pils in many masses of Pils of the shops also it may be made into magisteriall Pils of a certain proportion of diagridium as gr viij ix xii with a fit juyce or syrrup Lastly the powder is thus composed out of Diagridium ℞ of creme of tartar ℈ ij or ʒ i. of Diagridium gr vii or more according to your indications mix it and make a powder to be taken in broath THE SECOND CLASSIS OF PURGERS IN WHICH ARE CITED THE PHLEGMAGOGVES OR PURGERS OF PHLEGME CARTHAMUS The Kind IT is the seed of wild or bastard Saffron whose kernell is onely used to purge withall and therefore in prescriptions it is commonly set downe the kernel part or middle of Carthamus bruised The Election That seed is best that is white plain thick and full whose kernel is fat and unctuous and husk thin The Qualities Mesues saith it is hot in the first and dry in the second degree Galen and Paulus say it heats in the third degree if it be used outwardly it purgeth phlegme and watrish humours it wonderfully discusseth windinesse and therefore is profitable in the cholick and dropsy it is addicted to the breast and lungs but is nought for the stomack The Correcters It is corrected for its hurting the stomack with stomachicall things as Anniseed Cinamon Galingale Mastich and the like but as to its slow operation by adding sharp things as Cardamomes Ginger Sal gem The Dose Is from ℥ s to ʒ vi and ℥ i. in infusion The manner of using It is seldome given unlesse in composition especially the Diacarthamum of the shops either in a liquid or solid consistence But by Mesues both by his owne and others judgment 1 In the form of Pils making a mass of ʒ x. of the kernelly part of Carthamus and ʒ i. of Cardamomes of which make Pils like pease and give ʒ v for one dose 2 In the form of a honyed syrrup viz. of an oxymel The kernelly part of Carthamus being tied up in a thin cloth and soaked in oxymel of squils whilst it is a boyling by which meanes it is made solutive 3 In the form of a bole ℞ of the Medulla or kernelly part of Carthamus ʒ xii pinidies ʒ iv Cardamomes and Ginger ana ʒ i. with honey make pils like wall-nuts of which let him take one or two at a time 4 In form of a potion the same Medulla being boyled in cock broath to ℥ s or thereabouts and afterwards the broath drank downe A GARICK The Kind and Election It is a Fungus or excrescence growing to the trunck of the Larch tree taking its name from Agaria a country of Sarmatia in which the best did grow yet now the best is had from the Dolphiny in France and from the mountaines about Trent as also in Rhetia Vindelitia and Noricum Countyes of Germany The marks of the best Agarick are included in the distick following Agarick's best that 's soon broke shining white If much goes to a pound for then 't is light That which is black weighty or wormeaten is discommended and that part of it that growes next the Tree The Qualities It is hot in the first dry in the second degree it cuts attenuates cleanseth openeth and discusseth it purgeth phlegme especially that which is gross and tough and both the sorts of choler from the brain nerves muscles organes of the senses back-bone brest lungs stomack liver spleen reines womb joynts it also resisteth poysons And therefore perhaps it is called by Democritus the medicine for the family because it hath some influence on all the parts of the body and takes away their obstructions and any disease thence arising and is safe for all ages but let women with child avoid it for it provokes the courses and is apt to cause abortion The Correction Two faults are to be corrected in Agarick 1 The slowth in working 2 The lightnesse or levity of it whereby it floates in the stomack and provokes vomiting and sticking to the intrals it moves defluxions and as it were pricking and fretting them breeds gripings which fauls of it are diversely corrected by Mesues but the best way is to make it into troschiscks with s q. of white wine or Malmsey wherein Ginger hath been steeped The Dose and manner of taking it The powder both of that in troschiscks and the other is given from ℈ ii to ʒ i and ʒ ii but in decoction or infusion from ʒ ii to ℥ s ʒ v It is given both in the form of a potion pils and bole In the form of a potion if the powder of Agarick especially the troschiscated be dissolved in a convenient liquor
using it It is used either in Pils as â„ž of Euphorbium gr vi mitigaters as of the seeds of Lettice Purslane Endive flowers of Roses ana gr iij with juyce of Lemons make Pils Or else it may be dissolved in the juyce or water of Endive like a potion Or made into the form of a bole with Cassia as â„ž of Cassia Ê’ iij. Euphorbium prepared gr iij. with sugar make a bole THE THIRD CLASSIS OF PURGERS WHEREIN ARE TREATED THE MELANAGOGVES OR PURGERS OF MELANCHOLY SENA The Kind IT is a codded Plant first brought to us out of the Easterne Countryes very like to Collutea which we call bastard Senna we use chiefly the leaves though Mesues sayes the cods are the more effectuall which is to be understood of the cods that are gathered whilst they be green and juycy and suddainly dryed but not of those that are fading and dryed on the Plant. The Election But seeing the cods are seldome brought to us we are to take those leaves of Senna which are green throughly dryed not spotted or worm-eaten but cleansed from their stalkes The Qualities The leaves are hot and dry in the first degree they purge melancholy burnt choler and phlegm from the brain lungs liver spleen stomack and mesentery and therefore heal diseases of the aforesaid parts arising from such like humours safely to be given to all ages and to them which are with child a most profitable purge The Correction It is corrected for its windinesse and the offending of the stomack that is imputed to it with Ginger Cinamon Anniseed Cloves The Dose In substance is from Ê’ i to Ê’ i s Ê’ ii some will give Ê’ iii. but in infusion or decoction from Ê’ iii. to â„¥ s Ê’ vi and in the stronger sort to â„¥ i. if there be no other purgers The manner It is given either in substance or infusion or decoction In substance it is given diversly 1 In the form of Pils as â„ž of the powder of Sena Ê’ i. Ginger Cinamon ana ℈ s salt peter gr v. make them into pils with some convenient syrup which may either be taken all at once or else some only as the usuall pils 2 In form of a potion dissolving the powder of Senna with the correctors in some fit liquor especially whey 3 In the form of Lozonges for children as is said in Rubarb The infusion The infusion of Senna is also diversly used 1 The leaves of Senna are infused to a double proportion to that they may be given in substance in s q. of white wine afterwards the liquor is strained forth which may either be given of it selfe or other things may over and above be dissolved in it as is said in Rubarb 2 In form of an extract prepared according to art with the water of hops harts-tongue borrage fumitory adding to it a proportion of Cloves Ginger Fennel-seed c. 3 In form of a sennated spirit as â„ž of the leaves of Senna cleansed â„¥ iii. creme of Tartar â„¥ ii Cinamon â„¥ i. Mace â„¥ s spices of Diagalangal â„¥ i s Ginger â„¥ s infuse them three dayes in spirit of wine either common or of Malmsey afterwards filtrate it and keep for your use The Dose is from â„¥ s to Ê’ vi in phlegmatick fat people only for its heat The Decoction of Senna is made after the same manner as the decoction of Rubarb only changing Rubarb for Senna POLIPODY The Kind 'T is a herb like Ferne growing on mossy wals and the old bark of Trees whose root which is only in use hath many knots and tufts of sprigs like the fish Polipus from whence the name 't is also called tree-Ferne The Election That is to be elected that growes on the Oake and is new and knotty for that which is old binds The Qualities As to the Qualities it purgeth burnt choler and phlegme helps the collick and is peculiarly appropriated to the Spleen and is most effectual in hypochondriacall affections The Correction But because it dryeth very much it is to be corrected with liquorish and to quicken it in the working add a third part of Anniseed Fennel or Ginger c. The Dose Is from Ê’ ii to Ê’ iii. and â„¥ s The manner It is given either in decoction or infusion made in some fit liquor i. e. that is appropriated both to the part and affection as whey for scabbinesse and burnt choler in Barly water for Quartane Agues adding fit correctors to a third part EPITHIMUM The Kind It is a herb that grows upon thin hyssop savory mother of Time and other Plants like Dâ—dder from which it differs in figure native place and qualities although some use Epithimum and Dodder promiscuously But these medicines should rather be referred to the openers then purgers and it is better to use them with others then them alone and therefore they should have been referred to the alterers for which place also I reserve them Though this purgeth but gently yet it doth move the belly and might claime a place among the purgers as Polipody which also more openeth then purgeth but the best use of Epithimum is with others purgers of melancholy for it doth specifically direct their faculties to the humor opens obstructions and makes that humour yeild and be obedient 'T is hot and dry in the end of the second degree and of thin parts it is best corrected with liquorish and raisins of the sun stoned and is most used in infusions or decoctions Ê’ i or Ê’ ii of this at most will be enough to put into any other purging potion it is chiefly used for them that have stiches in their sides through obstructions coming of grosse cold humors and after Quartane agues Black HELLEBORE The Kind Black Hellebore is of two sorts the false and the true The false is either the Garden false Hellebore which Fuchsius cals Eristwarken or the wild which is called Helleboraster The true black Hellebore is by some thought to be that which Mathiolus cals the purple flowred by others to be the Sanicula femina of Fuâ—hsius by others to be that which Mathiolus cals Psendohellebor which hath flowres like them of Oxe eye The Election For use we must choose the true black hellebor viz. that with the purple flower or for want of it the false or adulterine Garden black hellebore The roots only are in use the small pith being cast away which is to be steeped in wine of Quinces in a warme place and after dryed and laid up for use The Qualities As to the Qualities it is hot and dry in the third degree it purgeth the dry sort of me lancholy and other burnt humors that are hardly loosned therefore it is profitable for all melancholy diseases as madnesse melancholy leprofie quartane agues c. Where note that black hellebore rightly used is a hurtlesse medicine and may safely be given to children have a care of women with child and other weak bodies The Correction It is corrected with cordiall and
broath in which hath been boyled raisins Cinamon and Spikenard 2 In form of a syrrup if the juyce clarified be boyled up with sugar the Dose of it is â„¥ ii ELATERIUM It is the juyce of the wild Cowcumber thickened and made into troschiscks The Election The oldest is the best which being held neer the candles puts out the light and before it put it ouâ— makes it sparkle upwards and downwards The Qualities 'T is hot and dry in the third degree it purgeth waters or any thing else and as other gentler things purge water out of the veines this draws it forth from the cavity of the belly beyond the veines The Correction 'T is corrected because it is fretting and anastomaticall and hurts the principall parts with milk gum tragant and bdellium and fit strengtheners as Cinamon species diarâ—hodon abbutis and other cordials The Dose Is gr vi ℈ ss to gr xv at most divers will not easily give above gr v. 'T is uâ—ed first in pi's as â„ž of some easy gentle pils such as pils de tribus with Rubarb Aloephanginae of hiera c. Ê’ ss or ℈ ii of Elater um gr v. or x. make pils for thus the unbridled violence of the Elaterium is restrained 2 In form of an extract extracting its essence according to art with spirit of wine that hath had saunders steeped in it or diam argariton frigidum and to every ounce of this essence thus extracted adde of the chymicall oyles of Cinamon and Nutmeg and ℈ i. The Dose Is ℈ ss with some convenient liquor or else it may be made up in the form of Pils ESULA or SPURCE The shops comprehend all the sorts of the tithymals under the name of Esula because it is manifest that all of them purge watrish humours But as there are divers Authors some take one thing some another some use the spurge called Ciparissia others the sweet Spurge of Tragus others that called Platyphyllon or broad leafed Spurge others leafed Spurge called Peplus others the greater Spurge or Pityusa of Dioscorid which is now out of use The Qualities It is hot and dry in the third degree it purgeth phlegme and choler but most especially watrish humours and that from the remote parts 'T is corrected with Cinamon Nutmeg Tragant Muscilage of Fleawort but it is the best way to steep it four and twenty hours in vinegar juyce of Purslane or juyce of Lemons The Dose Of the bark of the root is from gr vi to ℈ ss gr xv of the juyce or milk of it from gr iii. to vi or vii 'T is used all those wayes that any purge hitherto mentioned is or can be used but chiefly there is prepared of it an extract according to art whose dose is to gr xv And thus far of Purgers properly so called now follow the Vomitories VOMITORIES Those Medicaments are so called which do evacuate derive or revell all hurtfull things from the stomack and surfettings of meat and excrementitious humors of other parts and expell them by force and violence at the mouth And this they do either by a manifest quality as relaxing the superiour mouth of the stomach whereby the retentive faculty being weakned the expulsive faculty of the stomack being irritated either by the abundance or acrimony of the humours expels whatsoever is contained within its verge upwards the nether parts contracting themselves to forward that motion and these we use when there is nauseousnesse and desire of vomiting together with a bitternesse of the mouth and a pain or oppression about the short ribs such are sallet oyle faire water warmed butter and all fat and oyly things Or else they do it by an occult quality by which they rather purge upwards then downwards the Matter of all these to be reduced to a practicall use are usually divided into gentle moderate and violent vomitories The Gentle Simples Faire water or Barly water warmed drank plentifully to a quart or more broath of flesh that is fatty drunk in a good quantity oyl Olive warmed given to â„¥ iv or vi butter melted and hot Compounds Meade largely taken water and oyle called Hydraeleon to â„¥ viii or â„¥ x. simple Oxymell with warm water syrrup of Vinegar with warm water new figs eaten drinking after them a draught of warm water The Moderate Rootes of Orach Asarum from Ê’ i. to ℈ iv in infusion from Ê’ i ss to Ê’ iii. and â„¥ ss of Betony made into a potion with Meade as Dioscorid the roots of Garden Cowcumbers Maudlins Avicen Gesner lib. 2. epist 11 fol. 63. of Melons bulbes of Narcissus or Daffodils roots of Pompions powdred from ℈ ii to Ê’ i. in infusion from Ê’ i to Ê’ iii. and radish roots Barkes The middle bark of Wal-nut trees to Ê’ i. in infusion to Ê’ iii. and â„¥ ss but chiefly the catlings of the Tree called Juli dryed in an oven Seeds of Dill Orach garden Cowcumbers Rocket Radish from Ê’ iii. to â„¥ ss of Nettles from Ê’ ss to Ê’ i. in infusion from Ê’ i. to â„¥ ss Flowers of Dill of Walnuts viz. Catlings as is aforesaid in the Barks given to Ê’ i. in wine to them that have the cholick or stone Juyce of Radish to ounce two The shavings of ones own nailes drank in wine E'ectuaryes Diasarum Fernel lib. 7. Meth. whose dose is Ê’ iii. in Barly water honied water or whey The Violent Roots of Spurge Sowbread Danewort hedge hysop to ℈ i. but in infusion from Ê’ i. to Ê’ i ss or Ê’ ii white Hellebore infused in broath chiesly to Ê’ ss Ê’ i. or Ê’ i ss at most adding cordiall things to ℈ i. but it is to be given very warily the roots of Cresses Barkes of the roots of Danewort and Elder Seedes of Spurge Cataputia ten or twelve cleansed from their husks bruised and given in a reare egge these are profitably given to them that have drank poysons or love potions the seeds of broom from Ê’ ii to â„¥ ss of Cresses of Palma Christi Flowres of Danewort Broome Fruites Nux Vomica Juyces of sowbread vinegar distilled with the crumbs of rye bread to â„¥ iii. it is a most strong medicine in agues Chymicall things Vitrum antimonii of any sort infused to ℈ i. rather gr vi or vii c. in a fat liquor Mercurius vitae prepared to gr v. at most with ℈ i. of some fit pils Antimony prepared which if it be rightly used is a famous and safe vomitory Concerning whose preparation and manner of using it because there are divers opinions of the chymicks extant I shall give my opinion for that which they call Crocus Metallorum which is the best of all ℈ i. of which infused in Malmsey fourteen dayes in a warm place stirring the wine every day afterwards keep it for your use The Dose of this wine is from Ê’ i. to Ê’ i ss taken out of a spoon It is a famous remedy both in Feavers and other diseases that have been deeply rooted in the
body You may safely give of that infusion ℥ ss or ʒ vi nay in a strong body you may give the whole ounce prescribed so the liquor be cleared from the powder Compounds are stibiated tablets eaten to ʒ i. or dissolved in a fit liquor as baume water c. also this following infusion ℞ the roots of Briony and Sowbread ana ℥ iii. of white Hellebore ℥ vi diligently cleansed powdred and dryed in the aire pour to them aq vitae to the eminency of two fingers breadth above the powder let them infuse some few dayes in B.M. then distill them and let that which remaines in the bottome be again dryed and powdred pouring to it again the former water do this three times dip the tip of a feather in this liquor and then slice it about in a glass of wine and give it to drink it provokes vomit suddainely DIURETICKS Those are called Diureticks which evacuate the watrish humours of the body by Urines and they are two fold some properly so called others improperly Those which are properly Diureticks are for the most part hot and dry in the third degree of thin parts and which easily penetrate to the veines and there melt and dissolve the blood and seperate the watrish part from the thicker much like the turning of milk when it curdleth from whence that which is grosser returneth to it selfe with the rest of the blood but that which is serous is drawn by the proper faculty of the reines Such are Rootes of Smallage Asarum Calamus aromaticus all the thistles of Ciperus or English Galangal of Dancus of town cress sennel cammock parsly radish madder kneeholm saxifrage valerian Leaves of Wormwood Smallage Betony Mountain Calamint Dittany of Creet Bayes Cresses Parsly Penny royall Savory mother of Time Flowres of Chamomill and broome Barkes the middle bark of broom bayes radishes Seedes of Anise Smallage Cardamomes Chervill red Cicers or Italian pease Cubebs Daucus Fennel Juniper berryes of Lovage Groomwell Parsly Paliurus of some called Christs thorne silver mountain seed and nettle seed Fruites bitter almonds figs. Spices Cassia Lignea Cinamon Rozins Turpentine both of Firre and Larch that is both Venice Turpentine and common Liquors White Wine Animals Cantharides to gr ii or iii. but with these conditions that they be given 1 after all other things have been tryed 2 they are to be given whole ex 11 simplic 3 never to be given alone but with some fat broath altered with mallowes Marsh-mallowes Locusts or Grashoppers given to ℈ ii Goatesblood Officinall waters as of fennel smallage and the herbs aforesaid Syrrups of the five roots of the two roots of radishes compound Species as Lithontribon of Nicolaus Conserves of the flowres of broome bettony wormwood Those are called improperly Diureticks not which melt the blood but those which by a certain tenuity of parts drive the wheyish part of it to the wayes of the Urine and so provoke it and have either a remisse temperate heat or else incline to cooling and these we use in hot affections where we may feare least the hot Diureticks by too much drying the blood should rather stay the Urine or else are such as only lenify the passages of the Urine as Marsh mallows mallowes liquerish and such like lenifiers which are very improperly called Diureticks Of the former sort are the Roots of Sparagus Sorrell Eringo strawberries grasse narrow docks Leaves of Sorrell tops of Sparagus Maidenhaire Rupturewort Pellitory of the wall Seedes The four greater cold seedes seedes of sorrell Alkekengie or winter cherries barly Fruites Strawberries Cherry kernels Medler stones Lemons Pompions Cowcumbers Goards Juyces Of Lemons Pellitory Gums Camphere This may better be referred to those properly called Diureticks before Officinall things as Waters Of Sorrell grass barly pellitory Syrups Of the juyce of Sorrell Maiden haire Lemons Troschiscks Of Camphere of Alkekengie of Saunders Chymicall things Sal prunellae from ʒ ss to ʒ i. with water adding some pleasant syrrup as of violets Out of those Diureticks divers formes of remedies both inward and outward may be composed SUDORIFICKS They are so called which evacuate the whole body by sweating of the Greeks they are called Hydroticks the nature of these is very agreeable with the Diureticks for heat being thin and subtle insinuates it selfe far into the body and humours which it attenuates and dissolves into evaporations but they also open the pores of the body from whence the vapours of their owne accord breath out and are condensed into a sweat The same matter doth after move both sweat and Urine Urine if the raines be hot and the skin thick sweat if the raines be cold and the skin thin such are these Rootes Of Smallage Angelica Burdock China Fennel Hops Parsley Burnet Cinquefoyle Salsa parilla Tormentill or Setwell Zedoary Woodes Box Guaicum Ginger Sasafras Leaves Carduus benedictus Maiden haire Germander Celandine the greater Chervill Fumitary Burnet Scabiosse Damesviolet Flowres Of Camomell Seedes Barly Millet Lentiles Juyces Rob. of Elder berryes and Danewort Earths Terra sigillata especially in the plague and infectious diseases Parts of animals Harts horn Bezar stone Chymicall things Salt of Wormwood Ash Scabiosse to gr x. xii rather to ℈ i. with water of Carduus benedictus and Scabiosse Antimonium diaphoreticum to gr iv or vi with a fit conserve Compounds Out of those divers things may be composed but potions especially those made of decoctions are preferred before all or else of infusions or of sudorificall things dissolved in a fit liquor and although they should be taken in a bole or other forme yet it is best to drink downe a potion after it hither is referred the syrrup called of St. Ambrose which consists of millet boyled in two parts of water and one of wine Officinall things are the waters of Carduus benedictus Chervill Fumitory Elder flowres also Treacle Mithridate and others as electuary de ovo and such like THE FIRST BOOK THE FIRST PART THE THIRD SECTION Of Medicaments respecting the cause that offends in motion The Type of the Section Medicaments respecting the morbificall cause offending in motion are in regard of the matter that is flowing Thickeners of the part receiving Repellers to which you may add Emplasticks of the wayes by which it flows Intercepters of the wayes by which it flows Binders Thickeners by the Latines Incrassantia by the Greekes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 THey are so called which render thin and fluxible humours thicker and so less apt to flow such as are those which in the active qualities are cooling or temperate without any acrimony of a grosse and earthy substance by the commixture of which the thinner sort of humours acquire a thicker substance by much as water by the mixture of durt becomes clay as to the matter of Thickners because they agree in quality with the Repellers Binders Emplasticks gluing and scar breeding or wound closing medicines and with the thickeners of choller before mentioned therefore they