may be given Clysters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water half a pirate oil of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantain and Purslain or rather of their juice three ounces of Camphire seven grains and the whites of three eggs make thereof a Clyster The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the hair being first shaved away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheeps-lungs taken warm out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warm Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applied to the neck and shoulder-blades The arms and legs must be strongly bound being first well rubbed to divert the sharp vapors and humors from the head Frontals may also be made on this manner Take of the oil of Rose and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oil of Poppy half an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire half a dram mix them together Also Nodulaes may be made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrags beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applied to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasms also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in rose-Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meal four ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each half an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and purslain of each two ounces A Cataplasm of the water and vinegar of Roses of each ounces make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm to the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce of water-Lillies Henbane purslain of each half a pinte of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each half an ounce oil of Roses three ounces of vinegar two ounces of Barlie-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis When the heat of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflamtion of the brain asswaged we must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in pain of the head they do use to binde the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must be avoided CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidneyes THe heat of the kidnies tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galeni newly made adding thereto the whites of eggs well beaten that so the ointment may keep moist the longer let this liniment be renewed every quarter of an hour wiping away the reliques â—â—â—e old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss succi plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii An ointment for the reins acetires â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have annointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like old herbs and then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate and wrung out again and often changed the patient shall not lie upon a fether-bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaff of Oats or upon a Mat with many doubted cloaths or Chamlet spread thereon An ointment for the heart To the region of the heart may in the mean time he applied a refrigerating and alexiterial medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nonupharini â„¥ i. acet ros aq ros an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed otgether make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth maybe applied to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriaca opt Ê’i ss The noise of dropping water draws on sleep succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ss camphurae croci an grain iii. let them be all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewer or cock with a basin under it to receive the water which by the dropping may resemble rain Let the soles of the feet and palms of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lie far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THe skin in pestilent Fevers The differences of the spots in the Plague is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in form like unto a grain of miller The more spots appear the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulencie of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow brown violet or purple blew and black Their several names and the reasons of them And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore we call them purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and form of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i. Butterflies because they do suddenly seize or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflies somtimes the face sometimes the arms and legs and sometimes all the whole body oftentimes they do not only affect the upper part of the skin but go deeper into the flesh When signs of death specially when they proceed matter that is gross and adust They do sometimes appear great and broad affecting the whole arm leg or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humor that offends in quantity or quality If they are of a purple or black colour with often swounding and sink in suddenly without any manifest cause they fore-shew death The cause of the breaking out of those Spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venom receieed or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent Fever many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humors in the bodie that neither the sores nor carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as fore-runners of death Somtimes they break out alone without a botch or carbuncle which if they be red and have no evil symptoms joyned with them they are not went to prove deadly they appear for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimeslater and sometimes they appear not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Why they sometimes appear after the death of the patient Wherefore then principally the putrid heat which is greatest a little
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâ—ated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of Rose-water or Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâ—ectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must â—huse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat â—ew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâ—e half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
notwihstanding will suddenly bring the patient to destruction like those that are black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kinds of tumors CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appears apply a Cupping-glass with a great flame unto it The use of cupping-glasses in curing of a Bubo unless it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skin must be anointed with the oil of Lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glass may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to stick to the part for the space of a quarter of an hour and be renewed and applied again every three quarters of an hour for so at length the venom should be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak the work of suppuration or resolution which so ever nature hath assailed will the better and sooner be absolved and perfected which may be also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Vnguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a half oil of Scorpions half an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae half a dram this liniment will very well relax and loosen the skin open the pores thereof and spend forth portion of the matter which the Cupping-glass hath drawn thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may be made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A visicatory applyed in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above A liniment as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder blade on the same side if it be in the arm-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arm or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venom is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsmart Bear-foot Briony the middle bark of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-power are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each half a dram A compound vesicatory of sower leaven two drams of Mustard one dram and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restrain the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oil or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coal on the place for so you may raise blisters which must presently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open and flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red-colworts Beets or Ivy dipped in warm water and annointed with oil or fresh butter Some apply Cauteries Why vesicatories are better then cauteries in a pestilent Bubo but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may die therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venom because that doth work rather by its quality then by its quantity Let the abscess be fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue Strong drawing cataplasmes then rost it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines-grease and so apply it warm unto the abscess or sore let it be changed every six hours Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each half a pound of Line Fenugreek and mustard-seeds of each half an ounce of Treacle one dram ten Figs and as much Hogs-grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasm according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlick rosted in the Embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sowr leaven adding thereto Vnguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dram Mithridate half a dram of old Hogs-grease one ounce of Cantharides in powder one scruple of Pigeons-dung two drams beat them and mix them together into the form of a cataplasm Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therefore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these until the abscess be grown unto its full ripeness and bigness but it presently after the beginning there be great inflammation with sharp pain as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles we must abstain from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplastick and clammy because they do altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter then the part can bear whereof cometh rather corruption then maturation and last of all because they increase the fever and pain which infer the danger of a Convulsion or mortal Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate local medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sortel rosted under the coals Galen's pultise and such like Against such as cut away Plague-sores There are many that for fear of death have with their own hands pulled away the Bubo with a pair of Smiths-pincets others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their own hand that the venom might have a passage forth of all which I do not allow one for such abscesses do not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means increased and the humor is made more malign and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relax open the pores of the skin and digest portion of the venom by transpiration A digestive fomentaâ—ion as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each six ounces of Camomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful of Lin-seeds half an ounce of the leaves of Rue half an handful boil them and strain them dip sponges in the straining An anodyne Cataplasm and therewith let the tumor be fomented along time Or take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with Aqua-vitae and Cows-milk or Goats-milk and the yelks of three Eggs put them all on stupes or flax and apply them warm unto the place Or take of sowr Rie-leaven
matter of the Phlegmon flowing down as the white of an Egge Oxycrate the juyces or waters of Housleek Plantain Roses Cataplasms of Henbane Pomgranate Pils Balausties Bole Armenick Terra sigillata Oyl of Roses Quinces Myrtils Poppies Of these simples variety of compound medicines arises This may be the form of a Cataplasm â„ž far hordei â„¥ ij succi semper-vivi plantag an â„¥ iij pul malicerii balaustiorum rosar an Ê’ ij ol myrtill rosar an â„¥ i. fiat Cataplasma Another â„ž Plantag sâ—lani hyâ—sâ—yam an m. ij caudae equin tapsi 〈◊〉 centinâ—diae an m. 1. cequantur perfecte in oxycrato pistentur trajiciantur addendo pulveris myrtill unc cupressi ros rub an Ê’ iij farin fab â„¥ ij clei rosar cyden an â„¥ i ss mix them and make a Cataplasm to the form of a liquid pultis And you may use this liniment by dipping linnen clothes in it and applying to the part â„ž ol nymph rosar an â„¥ iij aq ros solani plantag an â„¥ ij aceit â„¥ iij aliumin ovâ—rum n. iij. fiat linimentum Also ung r. satum ung Ad um camphor Rasis are good to apply to it as in like manner Emp. Diacaicitheos dissolved in Vinegar and Oyl of Roses and also Pâ—pâ—leon may be used In the increase you must have care of the humor flowing down and of that which already impacted in the part did formerly fall down Therefore repercussives must be tempered and mixed with discussing medicines What local medicines we must use in the encrease but so that they may carry the chief sway as â„ž fol. malvae absinth plantag an m. iij coquantur in oxycrate contundantur trajectis add farinae fabarum hordei an â„¥ i pul rosar rub Absinth an Ê’ i ol rosar chamaem an â„¥ i fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis satis liquidae Another â„ž farinae hord â„¥ iij farinae sem lini faenugraeci an â„¥ i coquantur in aqua communi addendi sub finem pul myrtill rosar chamaem an â„¥ ss axungiae anseris olei rosar an â„¥ i misce fiat cataplasma What in the state But in the state the repercussives and discussives ought to be alike with some anodyns or mitigating medicines if it be painful as â„ž rad Altheae â„¥ iiij melva parietar an m. ij coquantur sub cineribus addendo farin fabar lentium an â„¥ ij pulveris cham meliloti an â„¥ ss olei cham rosar an â„¥ i axungia gal â„¥ ij fiat cataplasma Another â„ž micae panis triticei aquà calidà macerati lb ss pulveris rosar rub absinth an Ê’ vi olei aneth mellis com an â„¥ ij Misce omnia simul fiat cataplasma ad fermam pultis satis liquidae which is of chief use when there is pain But when the violence of pain and other symptoms are asswaged What in the declination it is likely that the Phlegmon is come to determination Wherefore then we must use more powerful and strong discussives and only then beginning with the more gentle lest the subtiler part of the humor being dissolved the grosser remaining in the part should grow hard as â„ž mal bismal an m. iij coquantur addendo farinae hordei â„¥ ij mellis com â„¥ i ol chamaem melilot an â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad cum Bran. Cucumer agrest an â„¥ ij florum chamaem melilot ana m. iij coquantur in hydromelite addendo farinae sem ani faenugrac an â„¥ ij ol an thâ— axungiae anser anat an â„¥ i fiat Cataplasma And this Plaister following may here find place â„ž Diachyl mag â„¥ ij Empl. de melilot Ê’ i olei aneth chamaemel an â„¥ ss dissolve them all together and make a medicine for your use Or â„ž Empl. de mucag. oxycr an â„¥ ij Empl. Diachyl Irent â„¥ i olei liliorum chamaemel quantum satis est and make thereof a soft Emplaister The fourth scope of curing a Phlegmon consists in correct on of the accidents which accompany it of which pain is the principal The correction of the accidents Wherefore the Chirurgeon must be diligent to asswage it for besides that it weakens the strength and debilitates and depraves the function The discommodities of pain it also causes defluxions by drawing the bloud and spirits to the part affected According to the variety of pain there must be variety of medicines as â„ž micae panis albi in lacte tepido macerati lb ss vitell ovorum iij ol rosar â„¥ ij croci ℈ ss fiat cataplasma Or Medicines asswaging pain â„ž florum chamaem melil an p. iij farinae sem iint faenugraec an â„¥ i fiat cataplasma pultis satis liquidae Or â„ž mucagin rad altheae faenugr an â„¥ iij ol rosar aneth an â„¥ i farin sem lim quantum satis ut inde formetur cataplasma satis mâ—lle But if the pain remain and yield not to these remedies we must flie to stronger Narcotick medicines making of narcoticks or stupefactives but with care lest we benum or dead the part as â„ž fol. hyoscyani papaver sub cineribus coctorum an â„¥ iij adipis suillae ol ros an â„¥ i croci ℈ ij fiat cataplasma or â„ž fol. cicutae solam furiosi an â„¥ iiij coquantur suâ— cineribus pissentur trajiciantur addendo unguent popul câ—â—r sar an â„¥ i farin faenugraec quantum satis erit ut inde formentur caplasma ad formam pultis liquidae CHAP. X. The cure of an ulcerated Phlegmon BUt it often happens that the humor is so impact in the part that it cannot be repressed The signs of a Phlegmon turning to an Abscess and so gross that it cannot be discussed which we may know by the greatness of the heat and swelling by the bitterness of the pricking pain the feaver and pulsation and heaviness Wherefore laying aside all hope of discussing we must come to the Suppuratives Lib. 2 Glan Cap. 7. For which purpose Galen foments the swollen part with water or Oyl being warm or with both of them and then applies this following Cataplasm â„ž farinae tric vel micae panis â„¥ iiij ol com â„¥ iâ—j aquae com quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma Or Suppurative medicines â„ž rad lili r. alb althâ—ae an â„¥ iij fol malvae p. rietar senecionis ana m. i coquantur in hydromelite pâ—ssmur trajectis adde farin sem lim â„¥ ij axungiae suâ—llae ol liliorum an â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž malva â—ismalv violar an m. i caricarum ping n. x. passul â„¥ ij coquantur in aq com tusis trajectis adde nullis com â„¥ ij ung basilicon butyri recent ana â„¥ i fiat cataplasma You may profitably use for the same purpose Empl. Diachylon magnum or Basilicon Or â„ž Empl. Diachyl Mag. â„¥ iij ung basilicon â„¥ i ol liliorum â„¥ ss Of these
generation for all their life after for performance whereof Nature hath bestowed the Testicles as parts principally necessary for the conservation of mankind Through which occasion Galen hath not feared to prefer them before the Heart because the Heart is the beginning of life but the Testicles of a better life Lib. de arte medica for it is far more noble to live well than simply and absolutely to live therefore Eunuches degenerate into a womanish nature for they remain without beards their voyce is weak their courage fails them and they turn cowards and seeing they are unfit for all humane actions Lib. de sem their life cannot but be miserable Wherefore I will never subscribe to the cutting out of the Stones unless a Sarcocele or Gangrene invade them But that the way of performing the Punctus aureus may be better known I have thought good in the fore-going Page to set down the Instruments by which this operation is performed before your view Another more easie and safe way to restore the Gut and Kall THeodorick and Guido have invented another way of performing this operation Lib. 3. cap. 33. They put back into their places the Gut and Kall being fallen down the Patient being so placed that his thighs are high and his head is somewhat low then they draw aside the lower portion of the production of the Peritonaeum and also the spermatick vessels and cremaster-muscle to the Ischium then by applying a caustick fitted to the age and disease they burn the other part of the process directly perpendicular to the Sharebone where the Gut did fall down Then they pull off the Eschar thus made with a Knife even to the quick then they apply another caustick in the same place which may go even to the Bone then procure the falling of this Eschar made on the foresaid process And afterwards they heal the ulcer which remains which presently contracting somewhat a thick Callus so keeps up the guts and kall that it binds them from falling down into the cod This way of restoring the Gut and Kall though it be safer and more facile yet the Chirurgeon must not attempt it if the Guts or Kall stick so fast agglutinated to the process of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be severed nor put back into their places for from the Guts so burnt and violated greater mischief would ensue if by the broken and too much dilated process the Bodies thereby restrained make an exceeding great Tumor by their falling down if the Testicle yet lying in the Groin as in a Bubonocele a kind of Enterocele being not yet descended in the Scrotum or Cod if the Patients be not come to such age as they can keep themselves from stirring or hold their excrements while the operation is performed CHAP. XVIII Of the cure of other kinds of Ruptures EPiplocele is the falling down of the Kall into the Groin or Cod it hath the same causes as an Enterocele The signs have been explained It is not so dangerous nor infers a consequence of so many evil symptoms as the Enterocele doth yet the cure is the same with the other Hydrocele is a waterish tumor in the Cod which is gathered by little and little between the membranes encompassing the testicles especially the Dartes and Erythroides What a Hydrocele is it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefly from the defect of native heat The signs are a tumor encreasing slowly without much pain heavy and almost of a glassie clearness The signs which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the cod above the water flows down and by pressing it below it rises upwards unless peradventure in too great a quantity it fils up the whole capacity of the cod yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the kall or guts may for oft-times it is contained in a cist or bag it is distinguished from a Sarcocele by the smoothness and equality thereof The Cure The cure must first be tryed with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which follows I have often tryed and with good success A medicine to draw forth the contained matter â„ž Ung. comitissae desiecat rub an â„¥ ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kind of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dryed up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yield to those remedies there is need of Chirurgery the Cod and Membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seron that is with a large three-square pointed Needle Thred with a skean of Silk you must thrust your Needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of Thred must be left there or removed twice or thrice a day that the humor may drop down and be evacuated by little and little But if the pain be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptoms Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or Incision-knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an Incision some half fingers bredth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the testicles and vessels and they keep the wound open until all the water seems evacuated truly by this only way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a cist is safe and to be expected as we have said in our Treatise of Tumors in General What a Pneumatocele is The Pneumaetocele is a flatulent tumor in the Cod generated by the imbecillity of heat residing in the part The Cure It is known by the roundness levity renitency and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discuss flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennel Faenugreek Agnus Castus Rue Origanum and other things set down by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good success for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum Mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good Wine as Muscadine with Oyl of Bays What a Sarcocele is A Sarcocele is a Tumor against Nature which is generated about the Stones by a scirrhous flesh Gross and viscid humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimilate to it self The Signs Prognosticks whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts do Varices or swoln veins often associate this tumor and it increases with pain It is known by the hardness asperity inequality and roughness It cannot be cured but
for such as live for they did not so much as suspect or imagine so horrid a wickedness but either for that they held an opinion of the general resurrection or that in these monuments they might have something whereby they might keep their dead friends in perpetual remembrance Thevet not much dissenting from his own opinion writes that the true Mummie is taken from the Monuments and stony Tombs of the anciently dead in Egypt the chinks of which tombs were closed and cemented with such diligence the inclosed bodies embalmed with precious Spices with such Art for eternity that the linnen vestures which were wrapt about them presently after their death may be seen whole even to this day but the bodies themselves are so fresh that you would judg them scarse to have been three days buryed And yet in those Sepulchers and Vaults from whence these bodies are taken there have been some corps of two thousands years old The same or their broken members are brought to Venice from Syria and Egypt and thence disperst over all Christendom But according to the different condition of men the matter of their embalments were divers for the bodies of the Nobility or Gentry were embalmed with Myrrh Aloes Saffron and other precious Spices and Drugs but the bodies of the common sort whose poverty and want of means could not undergo such cost were embalmed with asphaltum or pissasphaltum Now Mathjolus saith that all the Mummie which is brought into these parts What our Mummie usually is is of this last kind and condition For the Noblemen and chief of the Province so religiously addicted to the Monuments of their Ancestors would never suffer the bodies of their friends and kindred to be transported hither for filthy gain and such detested use as we shall shew more at large at the end of this work Which thing sometimes moved certain of our French Apothecaries men wondrous audacious and covetous to steal by night the bodies of such as were hanged and embalming them with Salt and Drugs they dryed them in an Oven so to sell them thus adulterated in stead of true Mummie Wherefore we are thus compelled both foolishly and cruelly to devour the mangled and putrid particles of the carkasses of the basest people of Egypt or of such as are hanged as though there were no other way to help or recover one bruised with a fall from a high place than to bury man by an horrid insertion in their that is in mans guts Now if this Drug were any way powerful for that they require they might perhaps have some pretence for this their more than barbarous inhumanity But the case stands thus that this wicked kind of Drug Mummie is no way good for contusions doth nothing help the diseased in that case wherefore and wherein it is administred as I have tryed a hundred times and as Thevet witnesses he tryed in himself when as he took some thereof by the advice of a certain Jewish Physitian in Egypt from whence it is brought but it also infers many troublesome symptoms as the pain of the heart or stomach vomiting and stink of the mouth I perswaded by these reasons do not only my self not prescribe any hereof to my Patients But hurtful and how but also in consultations endeavour what I may that it be not prescribed by others It is far better according to Galen's opinion in Method med to drink some Oxycrate The effects of Oxycrate in Contusions which by its frigidity restrains the flowing bloud and by its tenuity of substance dissolves and discusses the congealed clots thereof Many reasons of learned Physitians from whom I have learned this History of Mummie drawn from Philosophy whereby they make it apparent that there can be no use of this or that Mummie in contusions or against flowing or congealed bloud I willingly omit for that I think it not much beneficial to Chirurgeons to insert them here Wherefore I judg it better to begin to treat of Combustions or Burns CHAP. VIII Of Combustions and their Differences ALl Combustions whether occasioned by Gunpowder or by scalding Oyl Water The reason and symptoms of Combustions some metal or what things soever else differ only in magnitude These first cause pain in the part and imprint in it an unnatural heat Which savouring of the fire leaves that impression which the Greeks call Empyreuma There are more or less signs of this impression according to the efficacy of the thing burning the condition of the part burned and stay upon the same If the combustion be superficiary the skin rises into pustules and blisters unless it be speedily prevented If it be low or deep in it is covered with an Eschar or Crust the burnt flesh by the force of the fire turning into that crusty hardness The burning force of the fire upon whatsoever part it falls leaves a hot distemper therein condensates The 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 sing But 〈…〉 contracts and thickens the skin whence pain proceeds from pain there comes an attraction of humors from the adjacent and remote parts These humors presently turn into waterish or serous moisture whilst they seek to pass forth and are hindered thereof by the skin condensated by the action of the fire they lift it up higher and raise the blisters which we see Hence divers Indications are drawn whence proceeds the variety of medicins for Burns For some take away the Empyreuma that is the heat of the fire as we term it and asswage the pain other hinder the rising of blisters othersome are fit to cure the ulcer first to procure the falling away of the Eschar Variety of medicins to take away the heat and asswage the pain then to clense generate flesh and cicatrize it Remedies fit to asswage pain and take away the fiery heat are of two kinds for some do it by a cooling faculty by which they extinguish the preternatural heat and repress or keep back the bloud and humors which flow into the parts by reason of heat and pain Others endued with contrary faculties are hot and attractive as which by relaxing the skin and opening the pores resolve and dissipate the serous humors which yield both beginning and matter to the pustules and so by accident asswage the pain and heat Refrigerating things are cold water the water of Plantain Nightshade Henbane Hemlock the juyces of cooling hearbs as Purslane Lettuce Plantain Housleek Poppy Mandrake and the like Of these some may be compounded as some of the fore-named juyces beaten with the white of an Egge Clay beaten and dissolved in strong Vinegar Roch-Alome dissolved in water with the whites of Egs beaten therein writing-Ink mixed with Vinegar and a little camphire Unguentum nutritum and also Populeon newly made These and the like shall be now and then renewed chiefly at the first until the heat and pain be gone But these same remedies must be applyed warm for if they should be laid or put to
medicins as those of the reins are but these not only taken by the mouth but also injected by the urinary passage These injections may be made of Gordonius his Trochisces formerly prescribed being dissolved in some convenient liquor but because Ulcers of the bladder cause greater and more sharp pain than those of the Kidnies therefore the Chirurgeon must be more diligent in using Anodynes For this purpose I have often by experience found that the oil of henbane made by expression gives certain help He shall do the same with Cataplasms and Liniments applyed to the parts about the Pecten and all the lower belly and perinaeum Aegyptiacum for the ulcers of the bladder as also by casting in of Clysters If that they stink it will not be amiss to make injection of a little Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine plantain or rose-water For I have often used this remedy in such a case with very prosperous success CHAP. XIX Of the Ulcers of the Womb. The causes ULcers are bred in the womb either by the conflux of an acrid or biting humour fretting the coats thereof or by a tumour against nature degenerating into an abscess or by a difficult and hard labour they are known by pain at the perinaeum and the efflux of Pus and Sanies by the privity Lib. 3. sect 12. tract 2. cap. 5. All of them in the opinion of Avicen are either putrid when as the Sâ—nies breaking forth is of a stinking smell and in colour resembles the water wherin flesh hath been washed Signs or else sordid when as they flow with many virulent and crude humours or else are eating or spreading Ulcers when as they cast forth black Sanies and have pâ—lsation joyned with much pain Besides they differ amongst themselves in site for either they possess the neck and are known by the sight by putting in a speculum or else are in the bottom and are manifested by the condition of the more liquid and serous excrements and the site of the pain The cure They are cured with the same remedies wherewith the Ulcers of the mouth to wit with aqua fortis the oil of Vitriol and Antimony and other things made somewhat more milde and corrected with that moderation that the ulcerated parts of the Womb may be safely touched with them it is requisite that the remedies which are applyed to the ulcers of the womb do in a moment that which is expected of them for they cannot long adhere or stick in the womb as neither to the mouth Galen saith Why strongly drying things are good for Ulcers of the womb that very drying medicins are exceeding fit for ulcers of the womb that so the putrefaction may be hindred or restrained whereto this part as being hot and moist is very subject besides that the whole body unto this part as unto a sink sends down its excrements If an ulcer take hold of the bottom of the womb it shall be cleansed and the part also strengthened by making this following injection â„ž hordei integri p. ij guajaci â„¥ j. An injection for an Ulcer in the bottom of the wombe rad Ireos â„¥ ss absinth plant centaur utriusque an M. j. fiat decoct in aqua fabrorum ad lb ij in quibus dissolve mellis rosati syrupi de absinthio an â„¥ iij. fiat injectio For amending the stinking smell I have often had certain experience of this ensuing remedy â„ž vini rab lb.j. unguent aegyptiaci â„¥ ij bulliant parum Thus the putrefaction may be corrected An injection hindering putrefaction and the painfull maliciousness of the humor abated Ulcers when they are cleansed must presently be cicatrized that may be done with Alum water the water of Plantain wherein a little Vitriol or Alum have been dissoved Lastly if remedies nothing availing the ulcer turn into a cancer it must be dressed with anodynes and remedies proper for a Cancer which you may finde set down in the proper treatise of Cancers The cure of Ulcers of the fundament was to be joined to the cure of these of the womb but I have thought good to referre it to the treatise of Fistulaes as I do the cure of these of the urinary passage to the Treatise of the Lues Venerea CHAP. XX. Of the Varices and their cure by cutting A Varix is the dilatation of a vein some whiles of one and that a simple branch What a Varix is and what be the differences thereof other whiles of many Every varix is either straight or crooked and as it were infolded into certain windings within its self Many parts are subject to Varices as the temples the region of the belly under the navil the testicles womb fundament but principally the thighs and legs The matter of them is usually melancholy blood The matter for Varices often grow in men of a melancholy temper and which usually feed on gross meats or such as breed gross and melancholy humours Also women with childe are commonly troubled with them by reason of the heaping together of their suppressed menstrual evacuation The causes The precedent causes are a vehement concussion of the body leaping running a painfull journey on foot a fall the carrying of a heavy burden torture or racking This kinde of disease gives manifest signs thereof by the largeness thickness Signs swelling and colour of the veins It is best not to meddle with such as are inveterate The cure for of such being cured there is to be feared a reflux of the melancholly blood to the noble parts whence there may be imminent danger of malign Ulcers a Cancer madness or suffocation When as many Varices and diversly implicit are in the legs they often swell with congealed and dryed blood and cause pain which is increased by going and compression The cutting of Varices Such like varices are to be opened by dividing the vein with a Lancet and then the blood must be pressed out and evacuated by pressing it upwards and downwards which I have oft-times done and that with happy success to the Patients whom I have made to rest for some few dayes and have applyed convenient medicins A varix is often cut in the inside of the leg a little below the knee in which place commonly the originall thereof is seen He which goes about to intercept a varix downwards from the first originall and as it were fountain thereof makes the cure far more difficult For hence it is divided as it were into many rivulets all which the Chirurgeon is forced to follow A varix is therefore cut or taken away so For what intention a Varix must be cut Paulus cap. 82. lib. 6. The manner how to cut it to intercept the passage of the blood and humours mixed together therewith flowing to an ulcer seated beneath or else lest that by the too great quantity of blood the vessel should be broken and death be occasioned by
performed a silver pipe shall bee put through the wound into the bladder whereof I have here given you divers forms that you may take your choice and so fit them to the wounds and not â—he wounds to them which oft-times in want of instruments the Surgeons are forced to do to the great harm of the patient Silver pipes to bee put in the bladder when the stone is drawn out These must have no holes in their sides as those here expressed but only in their ends that all the matter of the wound and the filth gathered and concrete in the bladder may flow and bee carried forth this way When cleer urine shall begin to flow out of the wound there shall bee no more need of a pipe therefore if you continue it and keâ—p it longer in the wound there is som danger least nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the Vrethra or urinarie passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts near to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the pain â„ž album ovorum an iii. pulboli armeni A repercussive medicine sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALl things which wee have recited beeing faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oat chaff to drink up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillows Remedies for the Cod least it gangrenate that thay may bee changed as need shall require Somtimes after the drawing forth of the stone the blood in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unless you bee careful to provide against with discussing drying and consumeing medicines it is to bee feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if anie accident happen in cureing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After som few daies a warm injection shall bee cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night shade and roses with a little syrup of dried roses It will help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it somtimes happen's that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of blood and other impuritie may fall into the urinarie passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for som dais into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision What things hasten the union YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloodie wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder beeing taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lie cross-legged keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day bee past Hee must wholly abstain from wine unless it bee verse weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and suger or boiled water mixed with syrrups of dried roses maidenhair and the like Let his meat bee panado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds purslain sorrel borage spinage and the like If hee bee bound in his belly a Physician shall bee called who may help it by appointing either Cassia a glyster or som other kinde of medicines as hee shall think good CHAP. LVI What cure is to bee used to Vlcers when as the urine flow's through them long after the stone is drawn out MAnie after the stone is drawn out cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flow's out this way continually by little and little and against the patient's wil dureing the rest of his life unless the Surgeon help it How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer Therefore the callous lips of the wound must bee amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tied up bound with the instrument wee term a Retinaculum or stay this must bee perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall bee thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh shall bee knit about it then glutinative medicines shall bee applied such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis draconis bole armenick and the like after five or six daies the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remain but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or stay A. shew's the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bigness of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay bee wanting you may conjoin the lips of the wound What to do in want of a stay after this following manner Put two quills somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles haveing thred in them takeing hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thred upon them For thus the wound shall bee agglutinated and the fleshie lips of the wound kept from beeing torn which would bee in danger if the needle and thred were onely used CHAP. LVII How to take stones out of women's bladders WE know by the same signs that the stone is in a woman's bladder as wee do in a man's yet it is far more easily searched by a Catheter How to search for the stone in women for that the neck of the bladder is the shorter broader and the more straight Wherefore it may not onely bee found by a Catheter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the neck of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placeing the sick woman in the same posture as wee mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observ that maids yonger then seven yeers old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the womb without great violence Therefore the stone must bee drawn from them by the same means as from boies to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone beeing found out and the lower bellie also pressed with the other hand it must bee brought to the neck of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned means Yet if the riper yeers of the patient permit it to bee don without violence the whole work shall bee more easily and happily performed by putting the
luc lb. ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat distillatio lento ignae in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall perform let the patient take it four hours before meat Also radish-water distilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good success Baths and sem cupia or halt baths are artificially made Why the use of diureticks is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder relax soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diureticks mixed wtih half a dram of treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder Syrup of maiden-hair of â—oses taken in quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barlie-barlie-water Asses or Goats-milk are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their serous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their chees-life They must be taken warm from the dug with hony of roses or a little salt least they corrupt in the stomach and that to the quantity of four ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochises are also good for the same purpose Trochisces to heal the ulcers of the kidnies â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulâ—cae-plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth arab pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucilag psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. bâ—â— armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terrae sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ ss dissolved in whay ptisan barlie-water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved in plantain-water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstain from wine and instead thereof let him use barlie-water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the Sun Drink instead of wine stoned and boiled in five pints of fair water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glass untill one pint be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boiled a little more be strained through an hypocras bag with a quartern of sugar and two drams of choice cinnamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usual drink CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilitie to hold the Vrine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunk the urine is presently made in great plentie What Diabete is by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reins and the depravation or immoderation of the attractive faculty The external causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diuretick things and all more violent and vehement exercises The causes The internal causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidnies and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of the morbifick causes by urine Signs The loins in this disease are molested with a pricking and biteing pain and there is a continual and unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper Why the urines are watrish yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomach liver and hollow vein being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidnies or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certain death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feeds the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the four cold seeds for although they may profit by their first qualitie The cure yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must be used and such as generate gross humors as rice thick and astringent wine mixed with much water Narcotick things to be applied to the loins Exceeding cold yea narcotick things shall be applied to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kinde are oil of white poppie henbane opium purslain and lettuce-seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasms plasters and ointments may be made fit to corroborate the parts and correct and heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangurie What the Strangurie is THe Strangurie is an affect haveing some affinitie with the Diabete as that wherein the water is involuntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with pain The causes The external causes of a strangurie are the too abundant drinking of cold water and all too long stay in a cold place The internal causes are the defluxion of cold humors into the urinarie parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also and all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegm gravel and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this disease diverse medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therefore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. roses origanum calamint and the like and so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oil of bays and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drink and that not only in this cause but also when the strangurie happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a gross and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethorick But if inflammation together with a Plethora oâ— fulness hath caused this affect we may according to Galens advice Ad aphor 48. sect 7. heal it by blood-letting But if obstruction be in fault that shall be taken away by diureticks either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speak of the Dysuria or difficultie of making water because the remedies are in general the same with those which are used in the Ischuriae or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholick WHensoever the guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth and if the fault be in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos and Miserere mei but if it be in
soever they be but only to be mitigated by gargarisms so onely to lessen the heat and that by this frequent washing of the mouth you may hinder the sticking or furring of viscid humors to such like ulcers A decoction of barly cows-milk warm held and gargled in the mouth the mucilages of the seeds of mallows marsh-mallows psilium lettuce line extracted in the water of barly mallows and pellitory of the wall are good for this purpose for thus the ulcers become more milde and the tenacity of the adherent humors is loosed You must at the first beware of strong detergent medicines for almost all such have acrimony joyned with them which will encrease the pain but chiefly in the state of the disease for so the ulcers gently clensed by frequent gargling would become worse by the use of acrid things Therefore it shall be sufficient to make use of the fore-mentioned medicines so to hinder the encrease of the filth and inflamation of the ulcers if so be that such ulcers be not too exceeding malign and burning For if it shall happen either by the powerful efficacy of the applied plaisters or by the violence of nature in its motion of the ill humors upward that such store of viscous and gross humors are carryed to the mouth that it wants little but that the part it self is over-ruled by the morbifick matter so that by the violence and continuance of the flux the mouth and jaws become so swelled that a gangrene is to be feared by hindering the entrance of the spirits and extinguishing of the native heat of these parts In this case we are forced to leave the proper cure for to withstand the accidents and for this purpose we use restrictive and repelling things such as are barly water plantain night-shade Restrictive and rep â— ing Gâ—rgarisms knot-grass shepherds-Purse and the like with syrup of roses violets quinces beâ—beries pomgranates and the like also such are the mucilages and decoctions of the seeds of lettuce psilium quinces plantain night-shade water-lillies wood-bind c. Also it is convenient to procure sweats by stoves or the application of any hot and dry things for thus the humors which run forth of the vessels into all the surface of the body are diverted But when as the course of the humors running to the mouth is beginning to stop and the tumors of ulcers begin to lessen then â—othing hinders but that we may use gently detergent things as syrup rosarum siccarum mel rosatum To drie the ulcers of the mouth Diamoron Dianucum and the like But when it is time to drie the ulcers they may be lightly touched with alum-Alum-water or with Aqua fortis such as Goldsmiths have used for the seperation of metals They may also frequently use drying gargarisms made with astriction of the waters of Roses Plantain Night-shade Shepherds-purse Knot-grass and Dogs-tongue boiling therein baulastia ros rub myrtil sumach alumen acacia berber gallar malicor and the like During the time of fluxing or salivation you must diet and feed the patient with liquid meats and those of good juice and easie digestion for that then he can neither chaw swallow nor digest hard things For nature wholly intent upon the excretion of the noxious and peccant humors as also weakned by the bitterness of pain watchings and unquietness and consequently a great resolution of the spirits cannot insist powerfully upon the work of concoction Therefore he shall be fed with rear new-laid eggs candles of the same barly-creams Manner of diet when the mouth is ulcerated cullesses made of a decoction of knuckles of veal and a capon and gellies and with these in small quantity but frequently administred alwayes gargling his mouth before he eat For his drink he shall use a decoction of Guaicum aromatized with a little cinnamon but if any desire that the drink shall becom nourishment for that the patients cannot feed on more solid meats you may give them old wine To make drink nourish claret and thin mixed with som barly-water Some there are who steep some crums of pure manchet in the foresaid wine and then press it out but yet so that there may som part of the bread remain therein which may make it more nourishing and less sharp or acrid Others steep bread hot out of the oven in wine for the space of a night then they distill it all over in balneo Mariae the liquor which first comes over is more strong and hot but that which flows out afterwards more milde and such as the patient may use to mix with his wine without any danger for his better nourishment and the recovery of his strength For to refresh the spirits in fear of fainting muskedine hippocrat rose-vineger and the like put to the nose to smell to will be sufficient unless peradventure the patient should naturally abhor such things for so they would rather deject the powers and spirits In the Interim you must have care of the belly that you keep it open by gentle and emollient glysters CHAP. XIV Of the fourth manner of curing the Lues Venerea SOme have devised a fourth manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is by suffitus or fumigations I do not much approve hereof by reason of sundry malign sumptoms which thence arise for they infect and corrupt by their venemous contagion the brain and lungs by whom they are primarily and fully received whence the patients dureing the residue of their lives have stinking breaths Yea many while they have been thus handled have been taken hold of by a convulsion and a trembling of their heads hands and legs with a deafness apoplexie The hurt that follows upon fumigations and lastly miserable death by reason of the malign vapors of sulphur and quick-silver whereof Cinnabaris consists drawn in by their mouth nose and all the rest of the body Wherefore I can never approve the use of such fumigations which are to be received in fâ—mes by the mouth and nostrils for to work upon the whole body yet I do not dislike of that which is undertaken for some one part only as to dry up ill-conditioned ulcers which so affect it that they cannot be overcome by any other means or for to disperse or digest knots or to resolve fixed pains What fumigations good otherwise unmoveable These fumigations by reason of the admixture of argentum vivum have an attenuating cutting resolving and colliquating faculty Those who prepare these fumigations for the cure of the whole disease and body take this course They put the patient under a tent or canopy made close on every side lest any thing should expire and they put in unto him a vessel filled with hot coles whereupon they plentifully throw Cinnabaris The common manner of using them that so they may on every side enjoy the rising fume just after the same manner as farriers use to smoak their horses for the glaunders they repeat this
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâ—aling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde â—he sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâ—is or a little desiâ—catâ—vum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an â„¥ iiii To help the unsightly scarâ— of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
emplasters and so applied it asswageth pain by stupefaction hindering the acrimony of pustles and cholerick inflammations But by its humidity it softneth scirrhous tumors dissolveth and dissipateth knots and tophous knobs besides it causeth the breath of such as are annointed therewith to stink by no other reason then that it putrefies the obvious humor by its great humidity Avicens experiment confirms this opinion who affirmeth that the blood of an Ape that drunk Quick-silver was found concrete about the heart the carcass being opened In l. 6 Dios c. 28 Matthiolus moved by these reasons writes that Quick-silver killeth men by the excessive cold and humid quality if taken in a large quantity because it congeals the blood and vital spirits and at length the very substance of the heart as may be understood by the history of a certain Apothecary An history set down by Conciliator who for to quench his severish heat in stead of water drunk of a glass of Quick-silver for that came first to his hands he died within a few hours after but first he evacuated a good quantity of the Quick-silver by stool the residue was found in his stomach being opened and that to the weight of one pound besides the blood was found concrete about his heart Others use another argument to prove it cold and that is drawn from the composition thereof because it consists of Lead and other cold metals But this argument is very weak For unquencht Lime is made of flints and stony matter which is cold yet nevertheless it exceeds in heat Lib. 4. de nat rerum Paracelsus affirmeth that Quick-silver is hot in the interior substance but cold in the exterior that is cold as it comes forth of the Mine But that coldness to be lost as it is prepared by art and heat only to appear and be left therein so that it may serve instead of a tincture in the trans-mutation of metals And verily it is taken for a Rule amongst Chymists that all metals are outwardly cold by reason of the watery substance that is predominant in them but that inwardly they are very hot which then appears when as the coldness together with the moisture is segregated for by calcination they become caustick Moreover many account quick-silver poison Tract de casu offen yet experience denies it For Marianus Sanctus Boralitanus tells that he saw a woman who for certain causes and effects would at several times drink one pound and a half of quicksilver which came from her again by stool without any harm Moreover he affirmeth that he hath known sundry who in a desperate Colick which they commonly call miserere mei have been freed from imminent death by drinking three pounds of quick-silver with water only For by the weight it opens and unfolds the twined or bound up gut nnd thrusts forth the hard and stopping excrements he addeth that others have found this medicine effectual against the colick drunk in the quantity of three ounces Antonius Musa writes that he usually giueth Quick-silver to children ready to die of the worms Avicen confirmeth this averring that many have drunk Quick-silver without any harm wherefore he mixeth it in his ointments against scales and scabs in little children whence came that common medicine amongst country people to kill lice by annointing the head with Quick-silver mixed with butter or axungia Quick-silver good for women in travel Matthiolus affirmeth that many think it the last and chiefest remedy to give to women in travel that cannot be delivered I protest to satisfie my self concerning this matter I gave to a whelp a pound of Quick-silver which being drunk down it voided without any harm by the belly Whereby you may understand that it is wholly without any venomous quality Verily it is the only and true Antidote of the Lues Venerea and also a very fit medicine for all malign ulcers as that which more powerfully impugns their malignity then any other medicines that work only by their first qualities For the disease called Malum sancti manis Besides against that contumacious scab which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis there is not any more speedy or certain remedy Moreover Guido writes that if a plate of lead be besmeared or rubbed there with and then for some space laid upon an ulcer and conveniently fastned that it will soften the callous hardness of the lips thereof and bring it to cicatrization which thing I my self have often times found true by experience Lib. de comp med socurd loc Against malign ulcers Certainly before Guido Galen much commended Quick-silver against malign ulcers and cancers Neither doth Galen affirm that lead is poisonous which many affirm poisonous becaus it consists of much Quick-silver but he only saith thus much that water too long kept in leaden pipes cisterns by reason of the drossiness that it useth to gather in lead causeth bloody fluxes which also is familiar to brass and copper Otherwise many could not without danger bear in their bodies leaden bullets during the space of so many years as usually they do It is reported It is declared by Theodoret Herey in the following histories how powerful Quick-silver is to resolve and asswage pain and inflamations Not long since Against the Parotides saith he a certain Doctor of Physick his boy was troubled with parotides with great swelling heat pain and beating to him by the common consent of the Physicians there present I applied an Anodine medicine whose force was so great that the tumor manifestly subsided at the first dressing and the pain was much asswaged At the second dressing all the symptoms were more mitigated At the third dressing I wondring at the so great effect of an Anodine Cataplasm observed that there was Quick-silver mixed therewith and this happened through the negligence of the Apothecary who mixed the simple Anodine medicine prescribed by us in a mortar wherein but a while before he had mixed an ointment whereinto Quick-silver entred whose reliques and some part thereof yet remained therein This which once by chance succeeded well I afterwards wittingly and willingly used to a certain Gentlewoman troubled with the like disease possessing all the region behind the ears much of the throat and a great part of the cheek when as nature helped by common remedies could not evacuate neither by resolution nor suppuration the contained matter greatly vexing her with pain and pulsation I to the medicine formerly used by the consent of the Physicians put some Quick-silver so within a few daies the tumor was digested and resolved But some will say it resolves the strength of the nerves and limbs as you may see by such as have been anointed therewith for the Lues Venerea who tremble in all their limbs during the rest of their lives This is true if any use it too intemperately without measure and a disease that may require so great a remedy for thus we see the Gilders
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and rose-Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in rose-Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of rose-Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
immoderately the blood is sharp and burning and also stinking the sick woman is also troubled with a continual fever and her tongue will be dry ulcers arise in the gums and all the whole mouth In women the flowers do flow by the veins and arteries which rise out of the spermatick vessels and end in the bottom and sides of the womb but in virgins and in women great with child whose children are sound and healthful by the branches of the hypogastrick vein and artery which are spred and dispersed over the neck of the womb The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatness and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels The criticâ—l flux of the flowers The signs of blood flowing from the womb or neck of the womb oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painful and a difficult birth of the childe or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the womb or by reason that the veins and arteries of the neck of the womb are torn by the comming forth of the infant with great travel and many times by the use of sharp medicines and exulcerating pessaries Oft-times also nature avoids all the juice of the whole body critically by the womb after a great disease which flux is not rashly or suddenly to be stopped That menstrual blood that floweth from the womb is more gross black and clotty but that which commeth from the neck of the womb is more clear liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choce of such meats and drinks as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtil parts so they are stopped by such meats as are cooling thickning a stringent and sliptick as are barly-barly-waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fried or sodden with sorrel purslain plantain shepherd's-purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a Harts-horn burned washed and taken in astringent water will stop all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites coral beaten into most subtil powder and drunk in steeled water also pap made with milk wherein steel hath oftentimes been quenched and the flowr of wheat barly beans or rice is very effectual for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian-berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Julips are to be used of steeled waters with the syrup of dry roses pomegranats sorrel myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to be avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must chuse gross and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially Venerous exercises anger is to be avoided a cold air is to be chosen The institution or order of life which if it be not so naturally must be made so by sprinkling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat be then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a vein in the arm cupping-glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painful frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood Purging the body must be purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarb Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrup of Roses CHAP. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate flux of the terms and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may be the form of an unguent â„ž ol mastich myrt an Ê’ii nucum cupres olibani An unguent myrtil an Ê’ii succi rosar rubr â„¥ i. pulv mastichin â„¥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat anÊ’ ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made â„ž aq plantag An astringent injection rosar rubr bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressiâ— gallar non maturar an Ê’ ii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an Ê’i make thereof a decoction and inject it in a syringe blunt-pointed into the womb lest if it should be sharp it might hurt the sides of the neck of the womb also Snails beaten with their shells and applied to the navel are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coales and incorporated with the powder of Myrtles and Bole-Armenick and put into the neck of the womb are marvellous effectual for this matter The form of a pessarie may be thus A stringent pessaries â„ž gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar Ê’ii ammo Ê’ ss sang dracoâ— pulv rad symphyt sumach mastich fucci acaciae cornu cerust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an Ê’i caphur ℈ ii mix them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grass syngreen night-shade hen-bane water-lillies plantain of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as Oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loins thighs and genital parts but if this immoderate flux do come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the neck of the womb let the place be annointed with the milk of a shee-Ass with barly-water or binding and astringent mucelages as of Psilium Quinces Gum Tragacanth Arabick and such like CHAP. LVIII Of Womens Fluxâ—s or the Whites The reason of the name BEsides the fore-named Flux which by the law of nature happeneth to women monthly there is also another called a Womans Flux because it is only proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continual distillation from the womb The differences or through the womb comming from the whole body without pain no otherwise then when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reins or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertain seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the womb it differeth from the menstrual Flux because that this for the space of a few daies as it shall seem convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this Womans Flux yeeldeth impure ill juice somtimes sanious sometimes serous and livid otherwhiles white and thick like unto barly-cream proceeding from flegmatick blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore we see women that are phlegmatick and of a soft and loose habit of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites What women are apt to
presently helped and recovered by drinking the water wherein such horns have been infused for six or seven dayes space as Thevet in his Cosmography reports In one of the Islands of the Moluccas there is found a beast living both on land and water like as a Crorodilâ— it is called Campurch it is of the bigness of an Hart it hath one horn in the forehead moveable after the fashion of the nose of a Turky-cock it is some three foot and a half long and never thicker then a mans arm his neck is covered over with an ash colour he hath two feet like to a gooses feet wherewith he swims both in fresh and in salt waters His fore-feet are like to a stags he lives fish Many have perswaded themselves that this beast is a kinde of Unicorn and that therefore his horn should be good against poysons The King of the Island loves to be called by the name of this beast and so also other Kings take to themselves the names of the wilde beasts fishes or fruits that are most precious and observable in their dominions as Thevet reports Mauritania and Aethiopia and that part of Africk that is beyond the deserts and Syrtes The Indian Elephants are bigger then the Affrican bring forth Elephants but those of India are far larger Now although in the largness of their body they exceed all four-footed beasts yet may they be more speedily and easily tamed then other beasts For they may be taught to do many things above the common nature of beasts Their skin is somewhat like to a Buffles with little hair upon it but that which is is ash-coloured his head large his neck short his ears two handfuls broad his nose or trunk very long and hanging down almost to the ground hollow like as a trumpet the which he useth in stead of an hand his mouth is not far from his breast not much unlike a swines from the upper part whereof two large teeth thrust forth themselves his legs are thick and strong not consisting of one bone as many formerly have falsly beleived for they kneel to admit their Rider or to be laden and then rise up again of themselves his feet are round like a quoit some too or three hands bredth and divided into five clefts How they keep flies form them He hath a tail like a Buffle but not very rough some three hands bredth long wherefore they would be much troubled with flies and wasps but that nature hath recompenced the shortness of their tails by another way for when they finde themselves molested they contract their skin so strongly that they suffocate and kill these little creatures taken in the wrinkles thereof they over-take a man running by going only for his legs are proportionable to the rest of his body The figure of an Elephant They feed upon the leaves and fruits of trees neither is any tree so strong and well rooted which they cannot throw down and break They grow to be sixteen handfuls high wherefore such as ride upon an Elephant are much troubled as if they went to sea They are or so unbrideled a nature that they cannot endure any head-stall or reins therefore you must suffer them to take the course and way they please Yet do they obey their country-men without any great trouble for they seem after some sort to understand their speech wherefore they are easily governed by their known voices and words They throw down a man that angers them first taking him up with theit trunk and lifting him aloft and then letting him fall they tread him under foot bLi 9 de hist anim cap. 28. and leave him not before he be dead Aristotle writes that Elephants generate not before they be twenty years old they know not adultery neither touch they any female but one from which they also diligently abstain when they know she hath once conceived It cannot be known how long they go with young the reason is for that their copulation is not seen for they never do it but in secret It is not known how long an Elephâ—nt goes with young The females bring forth resting upon their hind legs and with pain like women they lick their young and these presently see and go and suck with their mouths and not with their trunks You may see Elephants teeth of a monstrous and stupendious bigness at Venice Rome Naples and Paris they term it Ivory and it is used for Cabinets Harps Combs and other such like â—â—es We have read in Thevet that in Florida there are great Bulls called in that country tongue Beautrol they have horns of a foot long a bunch on their backs like a Camel Tom. 2. lib. 23. cap. 2. their hair long and yellow the tail of a Lion there is scarce any creature more fierce or wilde for it can never be tamed unless it be taken from the dam. The Salvages use their hides against the cold Their horns good against poyson Tom. 1 lib. 2 cap. 10. and their horns as an Antidote against poyson The same author affirms that whilst he sayled in the red sea he saw a monster in the hands of a certain Indian Merchant which in the bigness and shape of his limbs was not unlike a Tiger yet had the face of a man but a very flat nose besides his fore feet were like a mans hands but the hinde like the feet of a Tigre he had no tail he was of a dun colour to conclude in head ears neck and face it resembled a man but in the blackish and curled hair a Moor for the other parts they were like a Tiger they called it Thanacth The figure of a beast called Thanacth This following monster is so strange that it will scarce be believed but by those that have seen it it is bred in America and by the Salvages called Haiit of the bigness of a Monky with a great belly almost touching the ground and the head and face of a childe being taken it mourns and sighs like to a man that is troubled and perplext it is of an ash-colour hath the feet divided into three claws four fingers long and sharper then those of a Lion it climbes trees and lives there more frequently then upon the ground the tail is no longer then the bredth of three fingers It is strange and almost monstrous that these kinde of creatures have never been seen to feed upon or eat any thing for the Salvages have kept them long in their houses to make trial thereof wherefore they think them to live by the air The figure of the beast called Haiit I have taken this following monster out of Leo's Affrican history it is very deformed being round after the manner of a Tortoise too yellow lines crossing each other at right angles divide his back at every end of which he hath one eye and also one ear so that such a creature may see on every side with his four eyes as also
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâ—ght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâ—s but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâ—e of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâ—ter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in â—he first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follâ—â—s the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâ—amen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâ—ed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling
of Waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters The varieties of distilled waters I think it not amiss briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there be and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinal as the waters of Roses Plantain Sorrel Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we call restauratives other some are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinal things others are purging as the distilled water of green and fresh Rubarb othersome serve for smoothing the skin and others for smell of which sort are those that are distilled of aromatick things To distill Rose-water it will be good to maceâ—ate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three daies in some formerly distilled Rose-water or their pressed-out juice Rose water luting the vessel close them put then into an Alembick closely luted to his head and his Receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as we have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that we vulgarly call Restauratives Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veal Mutton Kid Capon Pullet â—ock Parâ—ridg Phesant as much as shall seem fit for your purpose cut it small and lest it should requires heat or empyreuma from the fire mix therewith a handful of French Barly and of red Rose-leaves dâ—ie and fresh but first steeped in the juice of pomgranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve to distill with ashes A. Shews the Fornace with the hole to take forth the ashes B. Shews another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brass and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brass that so the contained water or ashes may be the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are contained D. The Alembick set in the water ashes or sand with the mouths of the receivers E. The bottom of the second brass Fornace whose top is marked with B. which contains the fire There may be made other restauratives in shorter time with less labor and cost Anosher way of making restaurative Liquors To this purpose the flesh muâ—t be beaten and cut thin and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them in to a glass and let the thred hang out so stop up the glass close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Tow and lute it up with paste made of meal and the whiâ—es of eggs then set it up to the neck in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottom but let it be kept upright by the formerly described means then make a gentle fire there-under un il the contained flesh by long boiling shall be dissolved into juice and that will commonly be in some four hours space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glass befor the water be cold lest the fire being hot should be broken by the sudden â—ppulse of the cold air Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the pieces of flesh be drawn forth so that only the juice may be left remaining then strain it through a bag and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamom adding a little juice of Citron Verjuice or Vineger as it shall best like the Patients palate After this manner you may quickly easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives as well medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a clean contrary manner then the oyls and waters which are drawn of Aromatitk things as Sage Rosemary Time Anniseeds Fennel Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of â—hese as that which is subtil and aiery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of puâ—ging things aâ— Tuâ—bâ—th Agarick Rubâ—rb and the like subsides in the bottom For the purgative â—â—câ—l y of these purgers inseparably ache es to the b dies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skin of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua Vitae or the spirits of Wine TAke of good white or Claret-wine or Sack which is not sowr nor musty nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fil the vessel wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe Spirit of wine seven times rectified and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they term it rectified the more noble and effectual it becomes Therefore some distil it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of twenty four pintes of Wine or Lees draw six or eight pintes of distilled liquor At the second time the half part that is three or four pintes At the third distillation the half part again that is two pintes so that the oftner you distil it over the less liquor you have but it will be a great deal the more efficacious I do well like that the first distillation be made in Ashes the second in Balneo Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoon or saucer and there set on fire burns wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottom of the vessel if you drop a drop of oyl into this same water it continually falls to the bottom or if you drop a drop into tht palm of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of the probation of this liquor The faculties of the spirit of wine The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the pain of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings swoonings gangreens and mortifications of the flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle The distilling of Wine and vineger is different There is this difference between the distilling of Wine and Vineger wine being of an aiery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectual in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remains in the bottom of the vessel it is of a cold drye and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vineger being distilled is insipid and flegmatick For Vineger is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of
Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unless at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawful for others to cut thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtil parts hot in the third degree 7. Simp. and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stop by reason of the admixture of gross humors it sweetens the breach and yields a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choicest and best cinnamon one pound An excellent Cinnamon-tree beat it grosly and put thereto of Rose-water four pintes of white-wine half a pinte being thus mixed put them into a glass and so let them stand in infusion 24. hours often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels lest the spirit should flye away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbs flowers seeds and spices as also of Rubarb Agarick Turbith Hermâ—dactyls and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this Chapter as thus Take Sugar R barb Cinnamon or any other material you please cut it small or else beat it then put it into a glass with a long neck and pour thereupon as much Aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients and to over-top them some fingers bredth then stop up the glass very close that no air enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for eight dares in Balneo with a very gentle hear for thus the Aqua vitae will extract the faculties of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the color of the ing edients The eight dayes ended A sign that the spirit of wine hath sercht out the strength of the ingredients you shall put this same Aqua vitae into another vessel filled with the like quantity of the same materials prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and do thus three or four times until the aqua vitae be deeply tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materials from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence be of great price as Lignum Aloes Rubarb c. you must not think it sufficient to infuse it once only but you must go over it twice or thrice until all the efficacy be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholly insipid These things thus done as is fitting A sign that the ingredients have lost their strength put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the color and strength of the ingredients into an Alembick filled and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keep for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottom Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of hony set it in an earthen-pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thin part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectual essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerful in purging then two or three drams of the thing it self CHAP. XIV How to extract oyl out of Gums condensed juices and rosins as also out of some woods ALL oyls that are drawn our of gums oily-woods and metals What a Retort is are extracted by that vessel which we vulgarly term a Retort It must be made of glass or jug-metal well leaded and of such bigness as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an half of water the neck thereof must be a foot and a half or at least a foot long The receiver is commonly a vial wherinto the neck of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall be set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure The figure of a Fornace with his earthen-pan and receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The earthen-pan or vessel to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The Receiver The differences of Gums Of gums some are liquid some solid and of the solid some are more solid then othersome those that are solid are more troublesome to distill then the liquid for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither do they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft-times they are burnt before they be dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solid gum add two or three pounds of most clear and liquid oyl of Turpentine Cautions in distilling of Gums Besides liquid things are also hard to be destilled because when as they come to be through hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or run out of the Retort and so fall into the Receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shun this inconvenience add to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withal How to make oyl of Turpentine Oyl of Rosin and turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largeness that three parts thereof might remain empty and for every pound of Turpentine add three or four ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen-pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the neck thereof fit and closely lute a Receiver Lastly kindle there-under a soft fire at the first lest the contained materials should run over increase this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a sudden At the first a clear and acid liquor wiâ—l drop out wherein a certain sediment uses to concrete then will flow forth a most dear oyl somewhat resembling the watry and phlegmatick liquor then must the fire be somewhat increased that the third oily clear thin and very golden colored liquor may rise and distil but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raised that so you may extract an oyl that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thick Thus therefore you may extract four kindes of liquors our of Turpentine and receive them being different in several Receivers yet I judg it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them again afterwards you may
four ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yelks of egs oil of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applied in like manner Or take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oil of Lillies one ounce and an half let them be melted and mixed tegether and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feel and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision-knife Why it is best to open a plague sore with a potential cautery or an actual or potential Cautery but it is best to be done with a potential Cautery unless that happily there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venom from beneath unto the superficial parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her self for then there were danger that lest while nature doth work slowly a venomous vapour should be stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the brain by the nerves and the liver by the veins should cause a new increase of the venomous infection For fear whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to pass forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity pain a Fever and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof cometh a malign ulcer that often degenerates into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter cometh forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while clensing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumor seem to sink in How to draw forth a sore that sâ—ems to go in again or hide it self again it must be revoked and procured to come forth again by applying of Cupping glasses with scarification and with sharp medicines yea and with Cauteries both actual and potential When the Cauteries are applied it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there might be some passage open for the venom while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French-Pox so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they void of any pain that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they do presently complain of great pain If you suspect that the Bubo is more malign by reason that it is of a green or black and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholick humour by adustion turned into a gross and rebellious melancholick humour so that by the more copious influx thereof into the part there is a danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscess must be armed with repercussives When repercussives may be applyed but not the abscess it self and this may be the form of the repercussives Take of the juice of Hous-leek Purslain Sorâ—el Night-shade or each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three eggs of oil of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a half stir them together apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boil a Pomgranat in vinegar beaâ— it with Vnguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things do not stop the influx of other humors the abscess it self and the places about it must be scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exorerated of portion of the venom may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and natural heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humors that flow unto it In scaâ—ifying you must haâ—e care of great vessels for fear of an irrepugnable flux of blood which in this case Why too much bleeding is to be feared is very hard to be stayed or resisted both because the part it self is greatly inflamed and the humor very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature careful for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the blood and humor to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the loss of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallows Lillies and Elecampane of each one pound of Line-seeds and Fenugreek of each one ounce of Fennel-seeds and Anise-seeds of each half an ounce of the leaves oâ— Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handful of Camomile and Melilot-flowers of each three handfuls boil them all together and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation use it with a sponge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarification we may put Hens or Turkies that lay egs which therefore have their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments upon the sharp top of the Bubo that by shutting their bills at several times they may draw and suck the venom into their bodies far more strongly and better then cupping-glasses because they are endued with a natural property against poyson for they eat and concoct Toads Efts and such like virulent beasts when one Hen is killed with the poyson that shee hath drawn into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fifth and sixt within the space of half an hour There be some that will rather cut them or else use whelps cut asunder in the midst and applyed warm to the place that by the heat of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venom may be dissipated and exhaled But if nevertheless there be any fear of a Gangrene at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarification not only avoiding the great vessels but also the nerves for fear of convulsion and after the scarification and a sufficient flux of blood you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in sea-water aqua vitae and Vinegar For such a lotion hath virtue to stay putrefaction repel the venom and prohibit the blood from concretion but if the Gangrene cannot be avoided so cauteries may be applyed to the part especially actual because they do more effectually repel the force of the poyson and strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot Iron Liniments to hasten the falling away of the Eschar the Eschar must be cut away even unto the quick-flesh that the venomous vapours and