three hours but if it be for present drinking then Balm or any other good Herb After this add to every Gallon two or three pound of Treakle or two or three pound of Sugar or Hony but if you would have it very strong then add more sweetning then take some Yest or Barm and put it a working as you do Beer or Ale The same method you may observe in all other Fruits as Goosberries Currans and the like This sort of Drink or Wine is to be preferred before that which is made of the whole Juice especially if your Sugar be good it drinks finer and is lighter on the Stomach and more warm not so apt to send fumes into the Head and will digest any sort of Food much better than that which is commonly made There is another way of making this sort of Drink viz. Take good Water and make it scalding hot put it into your Mash-tub to your bruised Fruits and let them infuse one hour then draw it off infuse your Herbs or Seeds in it if they be bitter half an hour if not then an hour then put it a cooling as you do Wort and then put your Sugar Treakle or Hony what quantity you think fit or as you would have it in strength then add some Yest stir it well together and it will firment or work and so barrel it but cold Water from the Fountain is to be preferred before hot and is much a brisker Wine These are easie cheap familiar ways and makes most excellent Drink If your Fruits be of your own Growth it will then stand you but in a small matter very little more than ordinary Beer and be much stronger This sort of Drink every poor man may have and indeed it is a better and more wholsomer Drink or Wine then the common sort made by pressing for Water is the Homogenial Menstrum in the World and most familiar to Human Nature and by this way of Operation it mildly and sweetly draws forth all the good Virtues of the Fruit without force and violence and leaves the harsh bitter astringency of the Stones and Skins behind whereas pressing doth by its violence force forth the bitter harshness both of the Stones and Skins and is very hurtful as is clearly seen in Syder and Wine for the Stones and Skins are of a harsh bitter astringent Nature and Operation for hard bruising and violent pressing of tender Fruits do not only extract and force forth the harshness of the Stones and Skins but it does as it were suffocate or dismay the fine lively spirituous qualities which your Sense of Tasting will tell you Taste the Fruit before it be bruised or pressed and then the Juice that proceedeth from them the Juice drawn out by our mouth is fine brisk and penetrating but the Juices pressed out are dull heavy and gross to the Palate and Stomach The same is manifest in the Juices pressed out of green Herbs for Example Take what sort or sorts of Sallad Herbs bruise them to mash then take them and dish them into a Sallad and they will be so gross dull heavy and fulsom to both Palate and Stomach but those same Herbs that are dished up into a Sallad which are not bruised will be moist pleasant and grateful Now here you see that this hard bruising and pressing hath as it were wholly destroyed the brisk lively Virtues and indeed all that is desirable or delightful both to the Senses as well as to the Stomach Note that the forementioned Drinks that are made of Water Herbs Fruit Sugar Treakle or Hony are best with cold Water as I have told you before especially in hot Countries for fiered Drinks are no Friends to Nature except wisely handled therefore the Natives of those Climates where they drink Water are not known to have the Stone and where their Foods are simple which all wise men ought to consider Lastly Note that all sorts of Syder would keep much better and be far wholsomer especially for ancient People and such are more or less subject to the Stone or Gravel if when it is new made you infused in part of it some bitter Herbs gathered and prepared as we have taught in our Way to Health viz. Wormwood Hops Cardis Centuary Sage Betiny Dandelion or the like for the bitter quality does naturally hold the sweet Body and Volatile Spirits as it were captive for Mars loves Venus also bitterness does mightily withstand and moderate the keen astringent hard harsh properties that they cannot advance nor devour the sweet mild qualities for this cause all bitter Herbs do preserve all sorts of Drinks and keep them from sharp hardness and astringency longer then otherwise they would Besides they are wholsom pleasant and healthful when People are used to them Also good store of such Herbs whose predominant quality stands in bitterness ought to be infused in all Drinks made of Sugar Mallas Treakle or Hony because such Liquors or Drinks tends to a sharp keneness sooner then Drinks made of Mault which our English and others ought to consider that inhabits the West-Indies and other hot Climates where they frequently make various sorts of Drinks with Sugar Mallas and Fruits and where also they are terribly afflicted with the Stone Gout and Gravel viz. which all or most Drinks made of Sugar or Mallas are apt to generate for the highest Sweets when firmented either in Liquors or in the Stomach quickly tends to the highest sharpness and keen harshness especially in some Constitutions if the sweet quality be not some degrees alaid or captivated by the bitter which do also moderate or withstand the astringent band Having had Experience and certain Knowledge of the Virtues of these Preparations I thought it my Duty to Communicate to the World for the benefit of such as shall please to make use of them and for such as scorn and deride them they shall though they slight my poor Advice injoy my Cordial Pity AN APPENDIX SHEWING The Natural Causes why Fruit-Trees do so frequently fail Bearing and Offering Expediments to make Orchards almost constantly fruitful With a new Experiment of preserving of Eggs sweet and good for several Months HAving in our other Writings occasionally discoursed of Syder and how advantagiously the same might be made especially to Farmers and poor Country People I shall here take leave to add a few Considerations touching Fruit-Trees 'T is certain that planting of Orchards as it is a thing of great Delight and but of little Labour and that most Natural and Agreeable unto the first Commandment of our Creator so it might be as Profitable an Imployment of Ground as any whatsoever The only thing I conceive that discourages many People is That Fruit-Trees especially old planted seldom brings any considerable Crop for if they bear full one year its odds but the next they miss nay often till the third and fourth year after they yield not any considerable quantity of Fruit the Reason of which is
inlarge your quantity which is not proper which in its due place I shall demonstrate then put up what quantity you think convenient of cold Water and let it stand not more then half an hour and then run it off to some fresh Hops and then put this third Wort and also Hops into the Copper as you did the second and let the Hops infuse till they are near boyling then strain it off into your Coolers and you have done but you must remember that your Liquor or Water do not boyl for boyling of Water does irritate and evaporate the subtle fine penetrating Spirits whence the more friendly mild opening qualities do exist which do make such Water or Liquor more harsh hard and fixed which do render it not so capable to draw forth or extract the sweet virtues of the Mault for boyling of Water does open its Body and sets the Spirit on the wing for this cause all Water that hath been boyled becomes of a colder harsher and harder nature then that which hath never been fired and therefore it will not prepare any Foods and Drinks so natural not to that advantage as that which hath not been boyled And that you may be convinced of this Truth boyl a quantity of good River water and put it into a good clear Vessel and let it stand a while and then take a like quantity and put into another Vessel and let that stand the same time as the other and you will find the boyled Water to stink and never be sweet again but your Water which remains intire not touched with the Fire will also stink or rather firment but then it will be sweet and good as for any use as before the Reason thereof is this for the Fire doth force forth and evaporate the essential Spirits and good preserving Virtues which do render of a dead dull phlegmatick gross Nature and Operation as we have more largely Discoursed in our Way to Health Secondly It is a general Custom to put up hot Liquor a third time on your Mault or rather Grains and to let it stand an hour or more which makes a very ill sort of Drink for the first and second Liquors have extracted or drawn forth all the brisk lively sweet qualities of the Mault so that this third hot Liquor hath nothing to work on or draw forth but only a gross Substance stinking harsh bitter or keen quality void of all the seminal or sweet Virtues Now if there be any goodness left in the Mault or Grains it is weak and fainty and the gross fulsom Martial Saturnine Properties are strong and have obtained the Ascendant and therefore they do in a moment swallow up the fading Virtue and transmute it into its own Property for these fiery qualities do with open Jaws devour the friendly Virtues and turn them into their own Nature viz. into a fiery keen quality a meer Caput mortuum Phlegm for all things when they have attained their highest degree limit or perfection do by degrees as it were go backwards and sink towards their Original or Root whence they proceeded Thirdly By what hath been said it appears and ought to be considered That the same Beer that is made of the third putting up of the Liquor on the Mault or Grains is generally pernicious to Health for as is mentioned before the first and second Liquors have before drawn forth all or most of the good sweet friendly Virtues and there remains nothing but a dull heavy gross Phlegm of a tart sour Nature which incorporates with the Liquor and is of a very unpleasing taste and small and then the common Custom is to take this third Wort indeed not fit for Hoggs-wash and boyl it stoutly with the Dregs of the Hops which hath been boyled several hours before in the first and second Wort which still doth more increase the Mischief for the boyling of Hops totally suffocates evaporates and destroys all the volatile Spirits and soft friendly Virtues and there does nothing remain in them after such boyling but an harsh bitter astringent sour Property which such small Wort in the boyling draws forth For this cause most small Beer especially that which is made after Ale or strong Beer is injurious to Health and the common drinking thereof does generate various Diseases but more especially the Scurvy in the Blood therefore all that do regard their Health ought to forbear drinking such ill prepared Liquors The best Small or Table Beer is to be made by adding a large proportion of Liquor to your Mault according as you would have it and then mix the first and second Wort equally together for the Reasons before mentioned for all Preparations were intended to open the crude Body by firmentation or some other way which do not only awaken and set the fine Spirits and friendly Virtues on the wing but also in some degree excite the harsh â—itter sour astringent Properties but still the balsamick Virtues are most volatile and readiest to give forth themselves when communicated to a proper Minstrim as appears not only in the Art of Brewing but also in common Chymistry the Spirits and good Properties gives forth themselves and runs off first and afterwards the bitter astringent four harsh ones follows Fourthly The quantity of Hops for Beer if you propose to keep it half a year or a year ought to be six or seven pound to eight Bushels of Mault and so proportionable but for Beer or Ale that is to be spent presently two three or four to eight Bushels will suffice Also note That all sorts of Beer or Ale are best new and much more agreeable to Nature as I have mentioned before for the longer any firmented Drinks are kept the more they tend towards harshness keneness and sharpness and the Saturnine Martial Properties are thereby advanced and the mild friendly qualities debilitated for which reason all stale Beer does heat the Body and much more disorder it then new Fifthly Another thing is in a most special manner to be noted viz That your Vessels in which you cool your Wort ought to be well cleansed and also your Mash-tub viz. washed well with cold water which is better than hot for boyling water does as it were fright or drive back into the wood a certain four fulsom quality that the former Wort left behind and which the wood of the Coolers had suckt in for the humidity or sweet quality that the wood receives from the Wort do presently turn very sharp four and keen especially in hot Seasons of the Year so that when the fresh new sweet Wort comes into such Coolers it does most eagerly and powerfully attract and draw forth that lurking keen sharp sour quality that the wood had received and retained which will occasion the whole to become of a sharp quality which is called Pricks but hardly perceivable to the Palate but when it is firmented this evil quality gets the Ascendent over the whole which is the principal
this Cause a man may eat double the quantity of lean Foods as he can of fat and yet be more brisk lightsom and airy and sooner an hungry again especially when used thereunto Besides fat Foods do not only fur the Passages of the Uretors and generate evil Juices there but in all or most phlegmetick Constitutions obstructs the Stomach causing Coughs and great increase of Phlegmatick Matter whence grosness and fatness in such People does proceed and the only and most principal Foods to prevent such inconveniences are simple Vegitations Fifthly Improper Mixtures and Compositions are to be avoided as also baked fryed and stewed Foods and not to eat any thing hotter than your Blood and in Summer let all your Foods be quite cold only spoon Meats may be eaten as hot as Milk from the Cow for whatsoever Food is taken hot as the general Custom is the same is contrary to Nature and does generate bad Blood viz. makes it hot sharp and saltish which will manifest it self by breaking out in various Spots on the Flesh and Skin commonly called Symptoms of the Scurvy therefore consider the great and most wonderful work and mystery of Nature in Generation and making of all Creatures which is performed by a due heat and moisture the heat not exceeding that of our well tempered Blood which we have treated on more fully in our Way to Health The truth of these things I think no wise man can deny the same being sensibly demonstrated by the Natives of those Countreys where they live for the most part on simple Foods and innocent Drinks viz. Water which makes them strangers to the Stone Gout Consumption and to many other Distempers that we are most generally afflicted with therefore those that would enjoy Health and long Life which amongst all wise men was and is esteemed a great blessing from the Lord and prevent and cure themselves of these Diseases let them I say apply themselves to simple Meats and such Drinks as are before prescribed viz. to eat freely of Bread Herbs Gruels both of Oatmeal and Wheat-flower and all Foods made of Vegitations which are of various sorts and yet natural and innocent and every one may by practise learn how to apply them A good Drink against the Stone and other Stoppages TAke good Chalk infuse it in either River or spring-Spring-water two three four or six days in open Vessels in the Air this is of excellent use and very profitable against all stoppages and assid sharp Juices that are subject to gripe the Stomach and Bowels also it purges by Urine and brings away Gravel and slimy offensive Matter for Chalk does naturally indue or impregnate the Water with a fine mild soft friendly or milky quality very good against Obstructions and sharp sour Juices it 's taste is pleasant and grateful The good Houswife may brew with this Chalky Water to great advantage for it makes excellent mild soft Ale friendly to Nature This Water also will wash to great advantage for it will save them both Labour and Soap The truth is Chalk is a brave noble Virgins Earth of a Venerial Balsamick Nature and Operation of admirable use and profit in the Manuring of all cold stiff claiey Ground it is to be preferred before Lime for one Manuring with Chalk will continue its Virtues several years but the Salniteral Virtue of Lime will not hold so long because in the burning of Lime the violent harsh fire of the Kill does totally destroy the mild soft friendly quality and there does only remain the Original Salt which is of an hot tart Nature and Operation drying and astringent which qualities are very profitable and useful in several Trades and Arts especially in refining and making white Sugar and indeed all sorts of Sugar it gives it Body and Life causes a Coagulation But Chalk being intire and simple retains a most sweet allaying mild friendly Virtue which also is one of the best things for Manuring Fruit-trees that stand in wet cold Ground to render them fruitful So Chalk being powdered and put into Vinegar or Lime-Juice it will presently set it into a firmentation and in a very little time it will allay or drink up the sharpness or assidity thereof so that it will become almost mild also being put into the fierce corroding keen Spirit of Salt it will in some measure allay its fiery sharpness Likewise if the powder of Chalk be put into hard stale Beer Syder or Mum and stir or brew it together and then let it stand two or three minutes and it will presently settle it will drink new mild and pleasant and also very wholsom and palatable so wonderful is its qualifying friendly mild nature and without doubt it does contain many great Secrets the discovering of which is not suitable to this place what is said being sufficient to insinuate the usefulness thereof both in Husbandry and Housewifery and Physick in which last Respect for the preservation of Health I recommend it to all People especially to those that are subject by Nature or Accident to those terrible Distempers the Stone and Gout Furthermore 't is a common Experiment when People are troubled with the Distemper vulgarly called the Heart-burnt to beat or powder a little Chalk and put it to Water and drink it which gives them ease but the reason of the Cure few considers I conceive that that Distemper does not so properly afflict the Heart as resides about the Orifice of the Stomach arising from a sharp keen sour burning Humor or Firment occasioned by Excess and ill Digestion which seems to inflame those Parts now the drinking of Water in which Chalk is infused does by its mild Balsamick Virtues allay or mitigate that short severeness or violence and thereby gives the Party ease for if it hath such a power when only outwardly infused in stale Beer Syder Mum Wine of Vinegar and other eager Liquors 't is but reasonable to believe it will have no less signal Operation when taken in a proper quantity inwardly where the friendly powers of Nature are ready to assist and help advance to the highest Mergie for removing and subduing that which before afflicted and oppressed them A good and profitable way for the Poor and wholsom for the Rich to make Cherry-wine or Drink of Goosberries Currans Apricocks and Plumbs being easie and wholsom pleasant and cheap There being but one way and manner in the making and operation therefore one Example will serve for all TAke ripe Cherries Goosebearies Plumbs Currans or any of the like Fruits bruise them in a convenient Vessel then put them in a Tub such a one as you mash your Mault in when you brew with a Tap in it then put what quantity of good Water viz. cold as you please as you would have your Drink small or strong let these Cherries infuse twelve fourteen sixteen or eighteen hours then draw it off and if it be to keep infuse some bitter Herbs or Seeds in it
A NEW ART OF BREWING Beer Ale and other sorts of Liquors so as to render them more healthful to the Body and agreeable to Nature and to keep them longer from souring with less Trouble and Charge then generally practised which will be a means to prevent those torturing Distempers of the Stone Gravel Gout and Dropsie Together with easie Experiments for making excellent Drinks with Apples Currans Goosberries Cherries Herbs Seeds and Hay c. And the way to preserve Eggs five or six Months from being Musty or Rotten With an Appendix how to make Fruit-Trees constantly fruitful Also a way how every one may purge them-themselves with common Salad Herbs and Roots And a Method how to prevent Costiveness in the Body Recommended to all Brewers Gentlemen and others that brew their own Drink By the Author of the Way to long Life Health and Happiness c. Licensed and Entred according to Order London Printed for Tho. Salusbury at the Sign of the Temple near Temple-Bar in Fleetstreet 1690. The CONTENTS of this BOOK THe Design of the Author in publishing this Treatise Page 1 The Office of the Stomach and several digestions described 4 The evil Effects of Excess in Eating and Drinking as to Quantity and Quality 7 Concerning the generating the Stone and Gravel Gout Consumption c. 13 The Boiling of Hops Wort Bear c. very injurious 15 Firmented Drinks much better new than Stale 18 Rules for the well-brewing and making good wholsom Bear and Ale 21 An Experiment demonstrating the Prejudice that Water receives by Boiling 24 The Mischief of making Drink by a third Infusion of the Malt with hot Liquor 25 The Quantity of Hops proposed for Brewing 29 About Ordering your Brewing Vessels 30 Circumstances to be observed in Cooling and Firmenting your Beer or Ale 34 Of the Nature of Hops 38 An Objection against unboiled Bear and Ale answered 40 Many Herbs and Vegitations that will serve in Bâ—ewing as well or better than Hops 48 The best Drinks to prevent the Generation of the Stone 55 Of cold Gruel 57 The way of infusing Herbs or Seeds c. to the best advantage 62 Cautions against certain Foods that generate the Stone and Gravel c. 67 A good Drink against the Stone and other Stoppages 74 A good profitable and wholsom way to make Wine of Cherries Goosberries c. 79 An Appendix shewing the Natural Causes why Fruit-Trees do so frequently fail Bearing and offering Expedients to make Orchards almost constantly fruitful 88 105 VVith a new Experiment of preserving Eggs sweet and good for several Months 131 The Natural way how every one may in the Spring and Fall purge themselves with Ease and Pleasure to considerable Advantage 135 A NEW ART OF Brewing c. THO' I have no other Design in respect of Brewers then only to save them a great deal of Pains and no small part of their daily Charge and towards the rest of Mankind but an honest and most charitable Intention of Advertizing them what may conduce both to the Health of their Bodies Tranquility of their Minds and Advantage of their Estates yet I am not so Ignorant of the Worlds common usage as not to expect that offering to Disswade from certain inveteral but mischievous Customs I am like to meet with no less than Hate or Reproach or at least Scorn and Contempt from the greatest part of those whose welfare I would gladly promote However as the Conscience of my own Innocence and certain Experience and Knowledge of the Truth of what I Recommend will be a sufficient Buckler against all the Darts of Envy Ingratitude Noise and Folly So I do not Despair but this small Treatise may have the happiness to meet with some few so little wedded to Tradition and their own Humours as to be willing to hearken to the Dictates of Wisdom Reason and Nature wherever they meet them or though communicated in an homely manner by a very weak and imperfect Instrument Methinks there should scarce be any man that hath ever entertained his Thoughts for one half hour in a serious Consideration of his own Structure and how and by what Natural means he doth subsist in this World but must have taken notice that as the Substance of our Bodies suffers a daily Expence Decay or Wasting as well by the action of our own innate or inbread heat prespiration of Spirits and the more pure parts of the Humours thorow the pores of the Skin impressions of the Ambient Air as by the common and more gross Evacuations so there is required a daily supply of Nourishment to repair and make good whatsoever is thus spent of the Store which is provided to support and preserve the Microcosm To this End as outwardly the All-wise and most Bountiful Creator has prepared variety of excellent Foods and Liquors so inwardly he has both given us Reason Wisdom and Knowledge if we will hearken to and exert it to distinguish which of them are at all times best and most requisite for us as also fixed the Members and Organs of our Bodies in their several places and offices to be assisting and subservient to each other in order to the effecting of this admirable Work Of these the Stomach is the first and principal Agent which as it were a Kitchin serves to dress and prepare all Meats that are brought into it and by its Concocting Faculty reduses them into a white milky Substance which is called Chyle which passing thence throughout the lower Orifice of the Stomach into the Intrails having there but a slow passage by reason of many turnings and windings by which the Guts are mutually inclosed and united to the Mesentery it is further digested and seperated and the purer part by the Mesoraick Veins called the Hands of the Liver is thorough the Veins from the Office called Vena Porta carried into the hollow parts of the Liver whereby a higher and more elaborate Concoction is turned into that admirable Balsamick Liquor called Blood This Blood passes from thence into the Vena Cava or great hollow Vein whose Trunk divides it self into two large Branches the one tending downwards to carry blood to the lower parts the other upwards and mounteth even to the Throat dividing again by the way into other Branches one of which fasteneth it self to the right Ventricle of the Heart by which the blood is brought thither from the Liver where being yet higher elaborated and inriched 't is transmuted or carried over to the left Ventricle where the Arteries takes their original which contains the Vital Blood and Spirits whose Office it is to enliven and exercise the Faculties of the Body By other Branches it ariseth into the Brain where the Animal Spirits are made being the Seat of Phansie Reason Judgment and Memory which noble Faculties by those Spirits are exercised as also of all Sense and Motion for from the Brain are all the Nerves or Sinews divided into all the parts which cause a
ought to be but as every thing consists of Contraries they may and do occasion the Stone and other Diseases by accident but it is only when they are abused and after their good Virtues are drawn off or evaporated by the force of fire as boyling and the like which is done in a trice for no Herbs that have been dried as they ought will endure the fire or boyling without manifest prejudice to the best Virtues but it is a gentle Infusion that will naturally and without violence to Nature extract or draw forth all that is desired in Hops or any other dried or prepared Herbs but 't is true it will not rouze nor infect your Liquor with their original harsh bitter sulsom keen hot Properties which too many for want of distinguishing the Principles of Nature call Virtue and Strength indeed Strength and Fierceness it is but far from Virtue in respect of Human Bodies nothing scarce being more inimical and injurious thereunto which evil Properties in every thing are the more drawn forth and increased by over much boyling especially in Herbs and Vegitations which have been already firmented and digested by the Influences of the Sun and Elements whereby the gross phlemy Parts are opened and the Spirits set upon the wing ready to come forth upon any gentle Summons But the swinging Objection is yet behind You undertake cries the professed Brewers and the good Dames to teach us to brew yet have out the principal Verb you say the Liquor before it be put to the Mault must only be moderately hot not boyled Well suppose we should yield to this still you forget to tell us how long it ought to be boyled after 't is drawn off the Mault Sure you would not have us brew without boyling at all and make raw Ale and Beer and take 12 or 16 s. per Barrel only for a little Water bewitcht the Rincings of a parcel of Mault and a few Hops in a little warm Water with a small doze of Yest to make it bubble in the Barrel is like to make excellent humming Liquor You complain of our Ale not keeping above a week Is it possible if unboyled it should keep at all Nay can Absurdity call it Beer or Ale He is like to have Customers who should write over his Sign Here 's Beer and Ale to be sold that never was boyled When the great Fault that all the World finds with the Common Brewers Drink is that they do not boyl it half enough and yet they boyl it double the time as most Housewives do But if you could make good your words That good Ale and Beer might be made without boyling away a great quantity of what they put up the Company of Brewers might well afford you Five hundred pounds a year for the Invention for they could save almost as much as their Excise comes to Answer This I confess is the common Leiry but it affects me no more than the buzzing of Flies about my Nose in Autumn The Objection consists of several Parts I will endeavour to answer them in order First As to the boyling of Wort after drawn from the Mault I do aver that it is not only unnecessary but mischievous for the Reasons before mentioned and also by what follows 'T is not boyling but a due firmentation that makes excellent generous Liquor Wine and Sider are not boyled at least not commonly yet few People scruples or think them ever the worse What 's the Reason because they will say the Grapes and Apples have passed through as much digestion as they ought or need to have by the ripening Influences of the Sun and Elements Well then and what 's the matter but ripe Barly which has not only received a far higher digestion by the same Sun and Elements and will thereby remain good and sound several years which the best Grapes and Apples will not continue good a tenth part of the time and though it be harder and more tenatious in its kind has yet undergone a second by its being made into Mault and a third afterwards by our way of Infusion in water fitted to a due warmth to extract its spirituous Virtues and sweet Body should need a fourth of boyling so long as you talk of Is Water seeing it is originally designed by God and his Hand-maid Nature the common Drink for all Creatures of such an ill nature or quality that it requires so much boyling No certainly for boyl a Gallon of Water to three quarts and let the remainder stand eight or ten days and you 'l find all its brisk pleasantness before to any accustomed or undepraved pallat as relishing as any Liquor whatsoever wholly lost so that you or any Beast will nautiate to drink it The Reasons why we heat Water in brewing to such a competent degree is not so much to correct its Rawness as they falsly call it as to qualifie it to open and draw forth and imbibe the good virtues of the Mault and so likewise of the Hops which being once effected all our pains in boyling is superfluous and not only so but detrimental too for henceforwards if you proceed in your boyling you do but raise and induce those fierce bitter Spirits in each thing or ingredient which tho' fitly planted in them by Nature for their own particular Conversation were yet never intended for the use of Man as being injurious to his own Nature when unduly seperated from the friendly qualities or light of Nature If then neither the Water nor the Mault nor the Hops require this tedious boyling why is it practised Or rather is it not a demonstration that the same is detrimental since in all Nature's ways unnecessaries are hurtful and over-doing there as well as in Morals is a badge of Vice You talk of Rawness 't is but raw that is indigested Argument but the Drink I recommend is not such since it has passed through all the digestions and firmentations that it ought to do and if People will not be willing to give 12 or 16 s. per Barrel for wholsom Drink as for unwholsom I can neither help nor hinder it any more than perswade an ignorant Irish-man to quit his stinking Butter of as many Colours as the Rain-bow for wholsom sweet English Butter which he counts hath no taste in it all this is but the effects of Custom But add further That this unboyled Drink will not keep I answer better for all good Intents then your parboiled Geare The best way to prove a thing feasible is to do it Now I have more than once made excellent Beer that never boiled and yet has kept good in your sense a Twelve-month and he that keeps any longer has kept it six Months too long As for what is intended for long Sea Voyages 't is a particular business and so the boyling of it with Hops a great while may together with excessive salt meats notably help the Seamen to the Scurvey and yet both the one and the
other might easily be avoided But still you urge the only Fault all the world finds with Brewers of common Ale and Beer that 't is not boyled half enough yet and with as much Judgment as once an honest Tubman whose Imployment was to carry Beer and Ale from Brew-houses to his Masters whom I imployed to carry my Ale who would needs be tasting Ay marry Master quoth he this is good Ale indeed a man may taste this is well boyled if Brewers would but boyl theirs so we should not have such filthy unwholsom Drink in every Ale-house whilst all the while the Ale he drank never boyled one wallop But if I could make my words good the Brewers might give me Five hundred pounds per Annum and get mony by the bargain I have made good my words but I dare not undertake to rectifie at once all the debauched Palats and depraved Judgments throughout the Kingdom If abundance of People will love fulsom Ale with Yest thwackt into it to make it as they think strong and mighty or the rueful Juices of parboyl'd Hops and will Court the Stone the Scurvey the Consumption and the like to make work for the Sexton and the Flanel Weavers I can no more help it then the Self-murther of above 40000 a year by the use of that Alamode Liquor Brandy And as for a Pension from the Brewers I am as far from seeking it or bless God from needing it as I fear they will be from following my well intended advice for it is no new thing for men over whom Custom and Tradition hath got the Ascendant to act not only against Reason but even contrary to their own true Interest to Much more I could say but I think this enough for such a Vulgar Objection Here give me leave to tell you that there are a great number of brave Herbs and Vegitations that will do the business in brewing as well as Hops and for many Constitutions much better for 't is Custom more than their real Virtues that renders Hops of general Use and Esteem they are an excellent Herb and would be much better if they were or could be dried in the Sun Some other Herbs I shall here mention fit to be made use of in Drinks Peny Royal and Balm are noble Herbs and of excellent use in Beer or Ale they naturally raise and cheer the drooping Spirits and open and cleanse the Passages after a friendly way and with a mild Operation And also they add great strength and fragrancy and makes brave well tasted Drink good to prevent and cure all or most of those Diseases which the wise Ancients have appropriated that Herb unto The like is to be understood of Mint Tansie Wormwood Broom Cardias Centuary Eye-bright Betony Sage Dandelion and good Hay also many others according to their Natures and Qualities and for those Diseases to which they are respectively appropriated But note that all and every of these Herbs ought to be gathered in their proper Seasons and dry and preserved as we have given Directions in our Way to Health for you ought not to use any Herb or Vegitation in Beer or Ale whilst they are green except there be a necessity Secondly When you infuse in your Beer or Ale Wormwood Broom Tansey Cardis or any other Herb that exceeds in bitterness you ought not to let them lye in your Wort above half an hour or if you put in a good quantity a quarter of an hour will be enough for in all such bitter Herbs the Martial and Saturnine harsh Properties are near at hand and the warw Wort will quickly stir up and awaken their harsh bitter strong astringent qualities which will presently devour suffocate and destroy the fine spirituous Virtues and opening cleansing Properties and then such Drinks becomes of an hard harsh constringent Nature and are apt to obstruct the Stomach and send Fumes into the Head heating the body and blood too violently therefore all or most Infusions of Herbs made after this common way more especially of bitter Herbs are naughty and injurious to Health As for Example They put a quantity of Wormwood or some other bitter Herb into their Beer or Ale at or after it hath done working and there let it lye infusing or rather rotting two three four five or six Weeks and in Ale-houses so many Months until the Cask be out whereby all the good opening penetrating brisk Spirits and fine Virtues of such Herbs are totally destroyed and instead thereof the Drink impregnated with their contraries viz. with the harsh bitter churlish inimical Properties especially when such Infusions are made of Wormwood for this reason common Wormwood Beer and Ale does not only hurt but by degrees weaken the natural heat of the Stomach but sends dulling Fumes and Vapors into the Head and does prejudice the Eyes 'T is certain Infusion of Herbs if due order be observed is the best and most profitablest way yet found out to obtain their Virtues both for common Use and Physick far beyond Waters and Spirits drawn from them by Distillation for thereby a burning fierce brimstony Spirit is extracted void of all the mild cleansing opening Qualities or mild Virtues which in firmentation are turned into a Degree of Anasidity which fits it and renders it capable of Separation As for Example Take Sugar which is the most balsamick and highest sweet of any thing in the World firmentation will in a little time turn the whole sweet Body into a sour or a degree of sharpness then distil it and you shall have a hot burning Spirit and for every pound of Sugar you will have near a pound of Spirit Here you see the whole sweet pleasant Body is turned into a fierce strong burning Spirit which has its uses in Physick but otherwise pernicious if commonly drunk as too many do The very same is to be understood in the firmenting and distilling of any sorts of Herbs as in the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass so much of late cried up for its wonderful Virtues against the Scurvy when in truth there is nothing in it for if you take Scurvy-Grass and infuse it in Brandy or any other Minstrum for a certain time till it firments to such a degree and then draw it off or distil it and instead then of obtaining the friendly mild cleansing Virtues and middle qualities you have a strong fiery brimstony Spirit which is not so good as rectified Spirit of Wine and it hath no manner of force to cure or prevent the Scurvy in the Blood for in good earnest the frequent use of such Spirits do heat the Blood obstruct the Stomach and increase Scorbutick Diseases The greatest Virtues it hath it being put into Ale Beer or Wine in a Morning fasting it quickens the Stomach as Spirits do and seems to purge by Urine as most mixed Drinks do especially when Spirits are mixed with other Liquors but it is the order and Time and the Liquor it is put into that is the
principal point why it purges by Urine being generally drunk in a Morning fasting when the Stomach is free from Food and the Passages least obstructed then a Glass or two of any sort of Liquor or Drink will quickly run thorough a man and purge much more by Urine then at any other time of the day And I do affirm That if any one take Brandy or other good Spirits and in a Morning fasting drop sixty or seventy drops into a Glass of Ale and fast two or three hours after it and it shall purge by Urine and also quicken the Stomach and have as good Effects on the Scurvy as the best distilled Scurvy-Grass let it either be drawn off with Brandy or of its self And also the Mornings draught the good Dame teaches her Husband to drink viz. Ale and Brandy mixed together which will prove as beneficial The like is to be understood of other things called Medicines if once the Multitude cries them up tho' they be never so heterogene and improper they must do wonders but leaving them to their own Humours I shall proceed to teach you several good Drinks against the Stone and Gravel and other Diseases The best Drinks to prevent the Generation and Cure the Stone and Gravel are such Drinks which God and his Handmaid Nature have prepared to our hands and is ready every where to be had viz. good River water for the Stone and Gravel is hardly known in those Countreys where the Natives common Drink is Water for that of all others is the most friendly mild and cleansing But on the contrary all firmented spirituous Drinks let them be as wisely handled as they can nevertheless they heat the Blood and a little time does naturally cause them to tend towards heat sharpness and keneness which Qualities are great Enemies to the Human Nature and breaks the Harmony of the Humours especially in such that are apt in Constitution to generate Gravel or the Stone also such Drinks causes the Distempers called Heart-burnings Fevers and unnatural Heats throughout the whole Body therefore such as have a mind to preserve their Healths and be friends to their own Natures let them follow these Directions viz. Of Cold Gruel TAke one spoonful of good Oatmeal temper it with a little Water then take a quart of the same cold Water and brew the mixed Water and Oatmeal well together with the other quart in two Pots that are for that purpose and then it is done Remember that your Oatmeal must be ground The Oatmeal if good will mix or incorporate with the Water Of this sort you may drink a pint or a quart or more at a time This is a most excellent Drink to be drunk Mornings and at Meals or at any time of the day and season of the Year for all sorts of People both for the healthy and unhealthy especially in hot Seasons and for such who are subject to the Stone Gravel or any other Obstructions of the Passages and for young People the frequent and common use thereof does wonderfully strengthen the whole Body it is so friendly and homogeneal that it always quenches Thirst the best of any others by refreshing the Spirits bedewing the Body with a more pleasant and more natural moisture than either Beer Ale Syder or any other firmented Drinks It begets a natural cheerfulness extinguisheth all kinds of natural Flushings and Vapors that comes for want of a strong natural Health and large Passages It opens and frees the Stomach and Passages from gross Matter that obstruct the digestive Faculties and powerfully purges by Urine especially if a quart or two be drank in a Morning fasting It mightily assists Nature in all her Operations and it is not only profitable against the Stone and Gravel but also against griping pains of the Bowels helps Concoction disburthening the Stomach of superfluous Juices and cleanseth the Vessels which are generally stopt and furr'd by Intemperance and it does naturally prevent Fumes and Vapors by carrying the offending windy Matter into the Bowels causing it to pass with ease its proper way Also the common use thereof is an excellent Remedy against shortness of Breath or other ill habits of the Stomach and against all sharp windy Humors and Juices that falls into the Joints And nothing is a surer and more powerful Remedy against the Scurvy and Dropsie by opening the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen begets Appetite to admiration cheers and comforts the Spirits and is in every repect friendly to Nature and assists her in all her Operations And whosoever shall accustom themselves to the frequent drinking of this cold Gruel shall find by experience greater benefit than I have here set down In all cold Seasons you may warm your Water as you commonly do Ale or Beer to that degree of heat which do rather better it then the contrary It is also to be noted that firmentation not only in Liquors but also in Herbs and Vegitations do destroy or transmute the opening mild friendly cleansing and purging qualities by which they become of another nature and operation for it changeth sweetness into the highest degree of keneness and sharpness opening the Body and set the Spirits at liberty or on the wing as is most manifest in Wort drawn from Mault which is of an opening purging quality but when firmented or worked and of ten or fourteen days old fit to drink then it is become another thing for firmentation hath changed or transmuted those soft mild opening friendly qualities into a brisk lively spiritual Property tending to heat sharpness and keeness The like is to be understood in the Infusion of all opening Herbs in Wort or the boyling them in Wort and firmenting them afterward therefore all sorts of opening Liquors and Infusions are most profitable against the Stone Gravel and Obstruction of the Uritors before they be firmented of all which our friendly cold Gruel hath the first place but for such that have been accustomed to Beer Ale Wine and Syder and are not willing to venter on our friendly Gruel ought to drink all their firmented Liquors new Ale a week Beer twelve or fourteen days and Syder and Wine new and if they will use any opening Seeds or Herbs then let them infuse them in a pint of your Beer Ale Syder or Wine one quarter of an hour before you drink and warm it a little so much as you do Ale or Beer when you drink it which is a commendable way far better then putting or infusing the Herbs or Seeds in the Barrel or working of them in the Wort. And you must remember that in all your Infusions that you use infuse but one Herb or Seed at a time make no mixtures least instead of advancing you quite destroy the natural and simple Operations of that from which you expect help for few men do understand the genuine Nature and Operation of two or three several Herbs or Seeds when mixed or infused together much less when
four five six seven eight nine ten or twenty are jumbled together as I have elsewhere demonstrated Those that desire a more friendly Ale then is generally drunk may infuse what quantity they please in there warm Wort as you do Hops Also use the Herb Ale-hoof Fennel Seeds Caroways and Coriander all which are notable Purges by Urine but they purge by Urine more powerful when infused in either new Ale or Beer that is already firmented as is mentioned before so you may do it in small quantities as you have occasion But if you infuse those or any other Herbs in Water viz. in cold Water for ten or twelve hours and then drink a pint or what you please which have a far more powerful Operation against the forementioned Distempers then in any firmented Liquor It is further to be considered That strong stale Beer Syder Wine or any other firmented Liquors the frequent drinking thereof do not only generate the Stone and Gravel but they do as often occasion the Gout Consumptions Dropsies and many other Diseases all according to the Nature of each mans Constitution and what properly hath got the Ascendant in the Humors of the Body as is manifest in great Eaters and Drinkers one man drinks and eats himself into the Gout another into a Consumption another into a Dropsie or some other Distemper the evil Effects are as various as their Natures and Constitutions are contrary Be therefore reconciled to Water that generous Element which without doubt was and is the only Drink ordained for all Creatures by our Creator therefore he that first firmented the Juices of the Grape and made strong Drink thereof did drink and was drunk and therefore was cursed with the greatest of Curses which ought to be considered by all wise and good men but Water is so friendly and does contain many secret and admirable Virtues which the Creator hath indued this Element with as in all Ages hath been manifest for it being pure and clear in its own Nature and is it not the only and alone thing by which all External things are purified purged and cleansed And though it be a vulgar Proverb As weak as Water yet I must tell you Water is more strong and sublime then most imagine for it contains a most ravishing and excellent sweet Virtue whence proceeds the pure friendly refreshing quality whereby it hath power by its innate Virtue to delight and purifie all sorts of Food Also in Preparations it is so innocent and friendly that it dissipates the gross phlemy Body and preserves the more Essential Parts and Virtues and keeps them living What shall I say words cannot declare its excellency it is not only the most plentiful and truly pleasant of all Drinks but it supplies Nature with its friendly moisture and relieves Thirst beyond all other Liquors or Juices it is so simple and indued with such equality that it insinuates its mild opening Virtues into all parts of the Body in an insensible way it makes no noise nor causes any tumults in the Brain nor awakens any inequality in the Body but it imparts its meek Life as it were in silence and as Bread hath the first place of all Food and may justly be called Concord as being the foundation of all good Nourishment the like is to be understood of Water that being the Radix of all moist Nourishment and renders all things fit and profitable for Mankind of which there are great variety all according to the Natures and Salniteral Virtues of the Earth it proceeds from but for general Use Rain River and Spring-water are the best and that of these sorts that will wash brew and perform all Preparations in Houswifery is the best viz. that Water that will wash Lining to advantage is the best which generally River-water will do far better than most Springs as I have demonstrated in our Way to Health Cautions against certain Foods that Generate the Stone and Gravel First SUch as are naturally subject to these Diseases ought to refrain from all over-salt Fish and Flesh for such things are not only hard of Concoction furring the Passages but they do heat the whole Body and infect the Blood with a salt sharp scorbutick Humour occasioning Crudities and evil Juices obstructing the Passages of the whole Body and especially the Uriters Thirdly Let them refrain all Spicy Foods for they naturally heat the blood hurt the natural heat and produce the same Effects especially in youth Thirdly Let them refrain all or most sorts of Food made sweet with Sugar for the frequent use of such Meats and Drinks do prove very prejudicial to most Peoples health but more especially to such as are subject to the forementioned Diseases for over-sweetness in Foods and Drinks does not only thicken the Blood and hinder its free Circulation but it indues it with a watery phlegmatick quality and turns the Humours to the highest degree of souerness more especially if fats and sweetness be compounded together as they are for the most part as the sweetest Wines makes the sharpest Vinegar which immediately tends towards Putrifaction whence proceeds various Diseases according to each mans Constitution and Complexion viz. Scabs Boyls Leprosies Consumptions Gout and Stone all Stoppages of the Breast ill Digestion Nautiousness rotten Teeth offensive Breath all which Distempers have of late years been more brief and frequent since the common eating of sugered Foods and Drinks And indeed most Mothers and Nurses through an ignorant fondness do lay the Foundations for these and the like Diseases in Children from their very Infancy by the continued use of sweetned Milks and other compounded Foods for Sugar tho' it be the King of all Vegitations and the sublimest Salt the Vegitative Kingdom affords as being more highly graduated in the almost paradisical quality the Sweet nevertheless that too frequent or over-much eating of it proves baneful to Health especially to young People and Children for when it comes into the Stomach and is there firmented it presently tends to keneness sharpness and souerness which in many People proves of evil Consequence and does generate a hard gretty Stone making Substance as it finds Matter capable and disposed to receive and joyn Forces with it Fourthly Also let those that are subject to the forementioned Diseases forbear as much as in them lies the frequent eating of fat succulant Foods for you must note that all fat Bodies are nothing so easily dissolvable neither can the Natural Minstrum or Heat of the Stomach so well digest or make separation thereof as it can on Vegitation neither do such things generate so good Blood or fine brisk lively Spirits for this Cause fat Foods lye long in the Stomach and seem to satisfie it not that they afford more or better Nourishment but the reason thereof is their oyliness as is manifest in all External Operations for what Menstrum will easily separate and dissolve fat oyly things The like is to be understood of the Stomach for
are more plentifully sent forth then in other as after an hot Summer in August September and October the Elements then being moist and full of Humidity occasioned by the Declination of the Sun the Days warm the Nights cold which do condense those warm Vapors that the Earth and Waters breathes and sends forth Now these Streams or Breathes which are nothing else but the natural Motions of innate Life and Operations of Nature are better or worse good or bad healthy or unhealthy according to the Nature and quality of the Waters and situation of the Ground which they proceed from Now these Steems or Vapors that arises and proceeds from clear Fountains and Springs or from running Rivers especially such as have Flux and Reflux as the River of Thames and many others have are fine moist thin and penetrating and are powerful openers of Obstructions and great Preservers of Nature and begets Appetite and are good against Astmatical Distempers of the Breast especially if the quality and quantity of Meats and Drinks be carefully observed but the contrary is to be understood of those Steems and Vapors that arises and proceeds from low boggy Grounds Pools standing Waters and the like which do agree but with few Constitutions except such as are born and bred in such places and tho' good Airs are great Preservers of Health yet Temperance and Order hath the first place and ought to be regarded above all other Circumstances and if that be wanting other things and observations signifies little It is also to be noted That all Waters do more plentifully breathe forth Steems and Vapors than the Earth as being more penetrable thin and transparent and therefore more capable of receiving the Light and sweet Influences of the Celestial than the Earth which is a close firm compacted dark Body in comparison of the Element of Water therefore the Vapors proceeding from the Earth are heavier duller and fewer in quantity but not so thin nor penetrating in quality as these from the Water for this Cause those Persons whose Imployments are in and about Waters have for the most part greater Appetites than others and are more lively brisk and strong Therefore it is very good for all People that are afflicted with shortness of Breath Stoppages at the Stomach or over-fatness to imploy themselves on Waters or use themselves to walk by Rivers sides as much as they can in all Seasons of the Year but more especially in Spring and Summer for those fine thin cool penetrating Vapors are as it were suckt in on all sides of the Body which do render those whose Imployments are abroad brisk lively and healthful more especially in moderate Seasons and when the Air and Elements are a little inclinable to Humidity which do mightily rarifie the Air and make it more penetrating and all Men and Beasts are not so subject to heat and drought and other Indispositions as in hot dry Seasons for heat and drought do not only as it were close up the Poors of the Earth but it thickens and stagnates the Air consuming the fine thin moist penetrating Vapors and Spirits making them thick hot and sulpherous and hinders the natural Motions and Circulations of the Elements and their Salniteral Virtues Now this Motion Circulation and continual Sympathatical Mixtion of the Elements is further manifested by the Sea which is the Center of the Element of Water the Moon being the Governess thereof she having a certain secret Influence according to her Increase Decrease and Configurations she hath with the Celestial Bodies for if there were not a continual Motion in this great Fountain Tides Flux and Reflux there could be no Creature generated or should there be a Cessation from Motion but a few hours the whole would immediately become a stinking Lake and all her Inhabitants would be destroyed for that which we call Tides is nothing else but the natural Motion and Circulation that proceeds from the Center or Heart and Animals can as well subsist and continue there being without Motion and Circulation of the Blood and breathing as the great Fountains of Waters or other Elements can live or give being to their Children without Motion and continual Circulation which arises and proceeds from an innate power of the Elements for these Elements are the great Body and wonderful Powers of God and by his centeral Word and innate Virtue all things both in the Animal Vegitable and Mineral Kingdoms have been and are made generated and preserved for the whole Globe of Earth Water Fire and Air are the living Powers of God in which his holy Word do continually create and bring to manifestation the hidden Mysteries and Wonders both of Time and Eternity to his eternal Praise and Glory and his Work goes alway on in exact Number Weight and Measure for in God nor in his Handmaid Nature there is no such thing as standing still or idleness for should the Primum Mobile cease from its natural Motion and Circulation but a few Minutes the whole Mundam Sistime would be ready to sink into Confusion for standing still or idleness have no sympathy either with God or Nature for the Heavens Stars and Elements with the wonderful and amazing Varieties of Beasts Fishes Vegitation and Minerals wherewith the lower Worlds are indued and furnished are the living Powers and Works of the Lord and are still continued by his Alwise Providence and Divine Word which is never idle for Idleness as is said before is allowed no being either in the Internal or External Worlds all in the Beginning was brought into a Being through Labour and Motion as the Learned Moses saith The Lord moved himself on the face of the Waters and they are still sustained to this day by the same active and working Power of the Creator Consider the daily Motions and Circulations of the Celestials viz. Sun Moon and wonderful Company of Stars their Rising Setting continual Motion Courses and various Configurations and all in exact Order Behold the Fountains Springs and Rivers labouring continually in a long progress to pay their tributary Streams to the Ocean and the Ocean by industrious Tides Flux and Refluxes striving as it were to supply the Land from its innate or central Power Do not the great Eye of the World by a sympathatical Power and universal Motion of all Elements exhale Moysture from the Fountains of Waters and bottle it up in the Clouds or Powers of God till an appointed time and then Return it with plenteous Usury to water and make fat the Earth with the Dew of Heaven And are not the like Circular Motions and variety of Powers understood in Man And is not he a little World out of the great In him is contained the true Nature and Operation of all Elements and yet what great Matters can he do or perform without Motion and Action Are not all these necessary things that serves for the support and accommodation of Human Life are not nor cannot be procured without