expansion_n wr_v considerable_a since_o the_o water_n rise_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o stem_n though_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o egg_n and_o stem_n too_o weigh_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a 〈◊〉_d the_o vessel_n have_v not_o be_v unlucky_o crack_v we_o shall_v have_v freeze_v the_o water_n once_o more_o and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o glass_n hermetical_o and_o suffer_v the_o ice_n leisurely_o to_o thaw_v shall_v have_v invert_v it_o and_o break_v it_o under_o water_n and_o have_v proceed_v with_o it_o as_o we_o have_v do_v with_o some_o other_o glass_n in_o the_o former_o mention_v experiment_n 9_o a_fw-la little_a glass_n cylinder_n open_v only_a at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o convenient_a length_n be_v thrust_v into_o a_o deep_a and_o wide_a mouth'd-glass_n about_o half_n fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o the_o cylinder_n be_v neither_o so_o quite_o fill_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v over_o nor_o yet_o far_o short_a of_o be_v 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air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o basin_n with_o some_o impetus_fw-la and_o noise_n drive_v up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v seasonable_o and_o wary_o remove_v from_o the_o basin_n we_o find_v there_o have_v be_v impel_v up_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o basin_n a_o little_a more_o than_o eleven_o inch_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o ⅞_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n generate_v or_o separate_v by_o the_o former_a operation_n another_o time_n 16._o in_o the_o same_o glass_n we_o make_v 17._o the_o water_n to_o swell_v about_o ten_o inch_n and_o
examine_v this_o have_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n we_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o i_o partly_o make_v myself_o and_o partly_o cause_v in_o my_o presence_n to_o be_v make_v by_o other_o that_o if_o a_o man_n eye_n be_v close_o shut_v he_o can_v certain_o discern_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o moderate_o size_v piece_n of_o ice_n though_o hold_v never_o so_o near_o his_o finger_n end_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v the_o trial_n with_o one_o of_o those_o very_a sensible_a thermoscope_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v wherein_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o liquor_n play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o slender_a pipe_n i_o find_v that_o by_o hold_v it_o very_o near_o to_o little_a mass_n of_o snow_n somewhat_o compact_v too_o the_o movable_a drop_n do_v not_o betray_v any_o manifest_a operation_n of_o so_o cold_a a_o neighbour_a body_n but_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v make_v to_o touch_v the_o snow_n the_o effect_n will_v then_o be_v notable_a by_o the_o hasty_a descent_n of_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n or_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o obtuse_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n in_o case_n that_o be_v not_o perpendicular_o but_o lateral_o apply_v to_o the_o snowy_a lump_n but_o this_o languidness_n of_o operation_n may_v perhaps_o proceed_v in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v employ_v for_o hear_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v make_v divers_a observation_n about_o cold_a in_o greenland_n i_o desire_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o very_a learned_a friend_n to_o be_v inform_v whether_o or_o no_o in_o the_o night_n they_o can_v perceive_v those_o vast_a heap_n or_o rather_o mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o float_v up_o and_o down_o in_o that_o sea_n by_o any_o new_a and_o manifest_a accession_n of_o cold_a and_o be_v inform_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o that_o question_n that_o be_v at_o sea_n they_o can_v know_v the_o approach_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a as_o by_o the_o glare_a light_n which_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o receive_v from_o the_o neighbour_a ice_n 3._o but_o that_o which_o make_v i_o suspect_v that_o there_o may_v in_o this_o account_n be_v some_o mistake_n be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o like_a observation_n in_o any_o of_o the_o voyage_n into_o gelid_a climate_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o peruse_v though_o in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o navigator_n frequent_o mention_v their_o have_v meet_v with_o vast_a rand_n as_o some_o call_v they_o and_o island_n of_o mountainous_a ice_n in_o the_o night_n and_o it_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v the_o complaint_n of_o one_o or_o two_o if_o not_o more_o of_o they_o that_o the_o ship_n lie_v close_o by_o such_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n without_o their_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fog_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a cold_a diffuse_v to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v advertise_v of_o the_o unwelcome_a neighbourhood_n even_o of_o so_o much_o ice_n but_o possible_o the_o approach_n of_o far_o small_a mass_n of_o ice_n will_v have_v be_v sensible_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o climate_n as_o we_o where_o the_o organ_n will_v not_o have_v be_v indispose_v to_o feel_v by_o a_o long_a accustomance_n of_o any_o thing_n near_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o that_o which_o then_o reign_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n 4._o while_o we_o be_v consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o operation_n of_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o the_o very_a near_a distance_n and_o upon_o immediate_a contact_n we_o think_v it_o a_o experiment_n not_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v try_v whether_o though_o ice_n and_o snow_n alone_o that_o be_v unassisted_a by_o salt_n will_v not_o in_o some_o of_o our_o former_o mention_a experiment_n freeze_v water_n through_o the_o thickness_n even_o of_o a_o thin_a glass_n they_o may_v not_o yet_o do_v it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o we_o take_v a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o contain_v water_n for_o some_o hour_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o till_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o mark_v what_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o unfrozen_a water_n and_o then_o remove_v the_o vessel_n to_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o stand_v in_o before_o we_o let_v it_o 〈◊〉_d there_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o ice_n will_v freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a and_o incumbent_a water_n but_o some_o intervening_a accident_n hinder_v we_o from_o be_v able_a to_o derive_v any_o great_a satisfaction_n one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o our_o trial_n 5._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n v._n of_o compensation_n that_o the_o diligent_a olearius_n relate_v that_o at_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a hot_a climate_n and_o though_o it_o seldom_o freeze_v there_o above_o a_o finger_n thick_a and_o the_o ice_n melt_v present_o at_o sunrising_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v conservatory_n which_o they_o furnish_v with_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o good_a thickness_n only_o by_o pour_v at_o night_n great_a store_n of_o water_n at_o convenient_a interval_n of_o time_n upon_o a_o shelve_v floor_n of_o freestone_n or_o marble_n whereon_o as_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o the_o most_o dispose_v of_o its_o part_n be_v in_o their_o passage_n arrest_v and_o freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a ice_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n say_v my_o learned_a author_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o two_o or_o three_o successive_a night_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a thickness_n 6._o we_o several_a time_n give_v order_n to_o have_v this_o experiment_n try_v in_o england_n but_o partly_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o we_o employ_v and_o partly_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o intervening_a circumstance_n our_o expectation_n be_v but_o ill_o answer_v and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o mention_v intervening_a circumstance_n because_o have_v cause_v a_o servant_n to_o pump_v in_o the_o night_n upon_o a_o not_o very_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v lay_v shelve_v upon_o a_o board_n and_o another_o flat_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n lay_v under_o a_o place_n where_o water_n derive_v from_o a_o neighbour_a spring_n be_v wont_n continual_o to_o drop_v he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o last_o name_v place_n the_o ice_n melt_v away_o but_o that_o under_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o increase_v in_o thickness_n by_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o it_o be_v thereby_o rather_o dissolve_v at_o which_o somewhat_o wonder_v i_o go_v in_o the_o morning_n myself_o to_o the_o pump_n and_o cause_v a_o good_a flake_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n place_v under_o it_o i_o observe_v the_o water_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pump_n and_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o ice_n to_o smoke_n as_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_o have_v make_v the_o water_n though_o very_o cold_a to_o the_o touch_n somewhat_o warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o fit_a to_o resolve_v then_o to_o increase_v it_o which_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o suffer_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n to_o stand_v to_o cool_v in_o the_o air_n before_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o though_o the_o neighbour_a air_n be_v as_o i_o find_v by_o manifest_a proof_n so_o cold_a that_o i_o be_v not_o tempt_v to_o impute_v the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o experiment_n rather_o to_o its_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a coldness_n than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o till_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o further_a trial_n i_o can_v 〈◊〉_d more_o to_o the_o persian_a way_n of_o augment_v ice_n but_o to_o proceed_v our_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o a_o unsatisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o experiment_n which_o we_o be_v the_o more_o trouble_v at_o because_o this_o seem_v a_o promise_a way_n of_o try_v that_o which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o experiment_n for_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n must_v be_v serious_o consider_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o divers_a trial_n that_o may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o resolve_v of_o the_o same_o question_n for_o to_o omit_v other_o example_n here_o in_o england_n we_o find_v that_o water_n pour_v on_o snow_n be_v wont_a to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o to_o be_v congeal_v by_o it_o whereas_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o good_a while_n among_o the_o russian_n
have_v suffice_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n and_o also_o after_o they_o have_v be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a air._n but_o the_o paper_n in_o which_o we_o register_v the_o event_n of_o these_o trial_n have_v be_v mislay_v i_o dare_v not_o charge_v my_o memory_n with_o the_o particular_n only_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o stone_n seem_v to_o have_v increase_v in_o weight_n after_o have_v be_v bury_v in_o our_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o i_o be_v apt_a to_o impute_v to_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o ice_n resolve_v into_o water_n by_o the_o salt_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v perhaps_o make_v more_o pierce_a by_o the_o saline_a particle_n associate_v with_o they_o imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o stone_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o experiment_n that_o i_o then_o want_v conveniency_n to_o try_v myself_o to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n upon_o a_o stone_n hard_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o good_a polish_v i_o be_v by_o he_o inform_v that_o the_o stone_n by_o have_v be_v keep_v a_o while_n in_o water_n do_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o wipe_v dry_a discover_v a_o manifest_a increase_n of_o weight_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o my_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o from_o a_o sort_n of_o stone_n that_o be_v of_o a_o texture_n close_a enough_o to_o be_v usual_o polish_a i_o do_v as_o i_o expect_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n and_o that_o without_o a_o naked_a fire_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o a_o almost_o insipid_a liquor_n which_o i_o suspect_v to_o be_v in_o good_a part_n but_o water_n soak_v into_o the_o stone_n for_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n here_o to_o discourse_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o my_o mention_v these_o particular_n be_v that_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v make_v those_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o try_v such_o experiment_n cautious_a how_o they_o draw_v inference_n from_o they_o and_o may_v invite_v they_o to_o expose_v the_o body_n they_o will_v make_v trial_n of_o rather_o to_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o free_a air_n in_o very_o sharp_a weather_n for_o want_n of_o which_o we_o ourselves_o can_v not_o do_v what_o we_o advise_v then_o to_o artificial_a glaciation_n at_o least_o unless_o they_o be_v so_o order_v that_o nothing_o that_o be_v moist_a come_v to_o touch_v the_o body_n to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o 14._o but_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o new_o mention_v and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n we_o must_v leave_v to_o be_v prosecute_v by_o those_o that_o be_v furnish_v with_o accurate_a scale_n and_o leisure_n for_o want_v of_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o and_o sometime_o too_o of_o the_o former_a we_o be_v fain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o pursuit_n of_o they_o which_o trouble_v we_o the_o less_o because_o those_o make_v with_o the_o seal_a vial_n be_v diligent_o make_v and_o as_o for_o divers_a other_o we_o make_v they_o as_o we_o be_v say_v more_o to_o be_v able_a to_o gratify_v other_o then_o to_o satisfy_v ourselves_o because_o though_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v unquestionable_o appear_v some_o sensible_a increase_n or_o decrement_n of_o weight_n upon_o that_o which_o the_o atomist_n will_v call_v the_o accession_n or_o expiration_n of_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n it_o will_v afford_v a_o plausible_a argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o epicurean_a doctrine_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o ice_n yet_o if_o no_o such_o change_n of_o weight_n shall_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o freeze_a or_o the_o thaw_v of_o water_n or_o any_o other_o body_n i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o may_v on_o the_o contrary_a be_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o atomist_n theory_n of_o cold_a be_v false_a for_o possible_o they_o may_v pretend_v that_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a may_v not_o have_v either_o gravity_n or_o levity_n any_o more_o than_o the_o steam_n of_o electrical_a body_n or_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o loadstone_n nay_o though_o we_o shall_v admit_v the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n not_o to_o be_v altogether_o devoid_a of_o gravity_n it_o may_v yet_o be_v say_v that_o when_o they_o invade_v the_o body_n they_o freeze_v they_o expel_v thence_o some_o other_o preexistent_a atom_n that_o may_v also_o have_v some_o little_a weight_n and_o that_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n that_o fly_v or_o be_v drive_v away_o may_v be_v succeed_v by_o some_o such_o when_o body_n come_v to_o be_v thaw_v but_o of_o this_o no_o more_o at_o present_a appendix_n to_o the_o xx._n title_n the_o experiment_n record_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n may_v perchance_o in_o this_o regard_n prove_v more_o useful_a than_o i_o be_v aware_a of_o that_o they_o may_v keep_v man_n from_o be_v mislead_v by_o the_o contrary_a account_n that_o i_o find_v to_o have_v be_v give_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n and_o water_n by_o no_o obscure_a writer_n for_o to_o spare_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a of_o the_o ancient_n helmont_n in_o the_o treatise_n he_o call_v gas_n aquae_n where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o congelation_n of_o water_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v unintelligible_a enough_o to_o i_o and_o where_o he_o be_v please_v to_o ascribe_v to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o extenuation_n of_o part_n of_o the_o sulphur_n he_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o water_n that_o levity_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o bubble_n it_o contain_v afford_v we_o a_o intelligible_a and_o ready_a account_n of_o deliver_v very_o positive_o this_o experiment_n imple_a say_v he_o lagenam_fw-la 35._o vitream_fw-la &_o magnam_fw-la frustis_fw-la glaciei_fw-la collum_fw-la verò_fw-la claudatur_fw-la sigillo_fw-la hermetis_n id_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la vitri_fw-la ibidem_fw-la liquationem_fw-la ponatur_fw-la haectum_fw-la lagena_fw-la in_o bilance_fw-la adjecto_fw-la pondere_fw-la in_o oppositum_fw-la &_o videbis_fw-la quod_fw-la propemodum_fw-la octava_fw-la svi_fw-la parte_fw-la aqua_fw-la post_fw-la resolutam_fw-la glaciem_fw-la erit_fw-la ponderosiior_fw-la seipsa_fw-la glacie_n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la millesy_n ex_fw-la eadem_fw-la aqua_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o helmont_n who_o in_o case_n he_o take_v lagena_fw-la vitrea_fw-la in_o the_o ordinary_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n will_v have_v make_v we_o some_o amends_o for_o this_o erroneous_a account_n if_o he_o have_v teach_v we_o the_o way_n how_o he_o can_v seal_v such_o a_o broad_a vessel_n as_o a_o glass_n flagon_n hermetical_o but_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n will_v sufficient_o show_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o this_o experiment_n of_o helmont_n and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n we_o have_v several_a time_n weigh_v ice_n freeze_v and_o reduce_v to_o water_n without_o find_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o helmont_n be_v mistake_v and_o particular_o upon_o the_o last_o trial_n i_o make_v of_o this_o kind_n have_v fill_v a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n with_o solid_a fragment_n of_o ice_n together_o with_o it_o amount_v to_o a_o pound_n of_o which_o the_o glass_n alone_o weigh_v somewhat_o above_o five_o ounce_n i_o whelm_v over_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o another_o flat_a bottom_n glass_n that_o if_o any_o vapour_n shall_v ascend_v they_o may_v be_v condense_v into_o drop_n as_o in_o the_o like_a case_n i_o have_v former_o observe_v they_o to_o do_v and_o this_o ice_n be_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n as_o no_o drop_n be_v see_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o invert_v glass_n so_o the_o other_o glass_n be_v again_o put_v into_o the_o same_o scale_n appear_v almost_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o former_o whereas_o the_o ice_n alone_o that_o have_v be_v resolve_v amount_v to_o much_o above_o eight_o ounce_n according_a to_o helmont_n proportion_n the_o weight_n shall_v have_v be_v augment_v by_o a_o whole_a ounce_n at_o least_o and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o that_o if_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o great_a quantity_n of_o ice_n the_o event_n will_v have_v be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o different_z but_o i_o purposely_o choose_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d experiment_n about_o cold_a to_o make_v my_o i_o rial_n in_o no_o great_a quantity_n of_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v do_v because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o get_v scale_n strong_a enough_o to_o weigh_v without_o be_v injure_v much_o great_a weight_n and_o yet_o be_v accurate_a enough_o to_o discover_v true_o such_o small_a difference_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o such_o experiment_n but_o to_o return_v to_o helmont_n notwithstanding_o all_o that_o we_o have_v say_v against_o what_o he_o deliver_v about_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n yet_o because_o i_o take_v this_o inquisitive_a chemist_n to_o have_v be_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o his_o extravagancy_n a_o benefactor_n to_o experimental_a learning_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o suggest_v on_o his_o behalf_n that_o possible_o much_o of_o the_o additional_a weight_n he_o
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cochanele_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n to_o a_o very_a high_a tincture_n and_o freeze_a and_o to_o twice_o four_o ounce_n of_o this_o decoction_n be_v add_v in_o one_o glass_n a_o little_a spoonful_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o in_o another_o as_o much_o sea_n salt-water_n all_o these_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o every_o part_n of_o this_o ice_n seem_v to_o i_o of_o a_o equal_a colour_n though_o the_o edge_n as_o thin_a and_o near_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o a_o bright_a colour_n as_o they_o do_v unfrozen_a but_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v show_v no_o discernible_a difference_n in_o any_o of_o they_o neither_o as_o to_o colour_n nor_o taste_v the_o like_a trial_n be_v make_v with_o mad_v weed_n and_o indigo_n and_o the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o second_o i_o expose_v a_o pint_n porringer_n full_a of_o the_o decoction_n of_o soot_n which_o the_o air_n relax_v do_v only_o freeze_v a_o inch_n thick_a this_o continue_a above_o a_o week_n consistent_a in_o a_o thaw_v season_n 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less_o than_o the_o liquor_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v for_o i_o can_v never_o discern_v any_o object_n though_o but_o confuse_o a_o foot_n beyond_o the_o clear_a piece_n of_o ice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o bubble_n and_o luminous_a part_n within_o it_o which_o bubble_n show_v only_a shadow_n but_o the_o ice_n its_o self_n interpose_v betwixt_o your_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o which_o proceed_v many_o ray_n of_o light_n four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n of_o about_o a_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n which_o so_o glase_v your_o eye_n you_o can_v scarce_o see_v any_o thing_n but_o bright_a light_n and_o shadow_n as_o for_o its_o penetration_n and_o thickness_n something_o have_v be_v say_v above_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v see_v the_o thames_n ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o eight_o inch_n or_o more_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o side_n much_o 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phaenomenon_n and_o i_o be_v the_o less_o dispose_v to_o think_v myself_o mistake_v because_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v of_o other_o in_o the_o same_o house_n who_o be_v not_o tell_v what_o information_n the_o weatherglass_n give_v they_o agree_v with_o i_o in_o the_o sense_n i_o have_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o have_v since_o as_o occasion_v serve_v communicate_v my_o observation_n and_o suspicion_n to_o divers_a ingenious_a man_n i_o have_v be_v by_o their_o recenter_n observation_n confirm_v that_o what_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o any_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o which_o and_o other_o particular_n that_o we_o may_v have_v elsewhere_o opportunity_n to_o mention_v we_o may_v plausible_o enough_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o not_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n when_o we_o have_v opportunity_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v express_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a by_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o 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saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeò_fw-la durè_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la 〈◊〉_d gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxiè_fw-la acsecurissimè_fw-la transeant_fw-la ex_fw-la iis_fw-la ingentia_fw-la etiam_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la exscinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o 〈◊〉_d omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsâ_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerumque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o make_v most_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n 〈◊〉_d illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europeos_n ad_fw-la hypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europâ_fw-la ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o all_o that_o i_o have_v be_v imply_v of_o the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v no_o way_n inconsistent_a with_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o our_o former_o propose_a paradox_n namely_o that_o we_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o rely_v upon_o the_o information_n even_o of_o common_a weather-glass_n themselves_o for_o though_o they_o be_v a_o excellent_a invention_n and_o their_o information_n in_o many_o case_n preferable_a to_o those_o of_o our_o sense_n because_o those_o dead_a engine_n be_v not_o in_o such_o case_n obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n
limbeck_n may_v not_o during_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v of_o some_o use_n to_o we_o in_o make_v and_o judge_v of_o weather-glass_n for_o this_o liquor_n as_o we_o 〈◊〉_d also_o note_n have_v the_o peculiarity_n of_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n during_o almost_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n too_o when_o the_o wether_n water_n or_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v cold_a this_o liquor_n i_o say_v be_v such_o in_o case_n you_o very_o gentle_o thaw_v it_o and_o then_o put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o will_v burn_v all_o away_o you_o suffer_v the_o oil_n to_o re-congeal_a leisurely_o of_o itself_o you_o may_v by_o observe_v the_o station_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o oil_n begin_v manifest_o to_o curdle_n about_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n assist_v to_o make_v another_o weatherglass_n like_o it_o for_o if_o you_o 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the_o vulgar_a weatherglass_n some_o of_o which_o we_o have_v employ_v and_o other_o have_v be_v either_o skilful_o devise_v or_o also_o happy_o attempt_v by_o some_o eminent_o ingenious_a goddard_n member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o though_o that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o hook_n describe_v in_o another_o treatise_n be_v very_o simple_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o commodious_a for_o several_a of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n of_o cold_a then_o that_o which_o be_v common_o in_o use_n for_o in_o this_o where_o the_o include_v air_n be_v as_o it_o be_v pendulous_a at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v very_o troublesome_a and_o difficult_a so_o to_o apply_v cold_a body_n and_o especial_o liquid_a one_o to_o it_o as_o therewith_o to_o measure_v their_o temper_n whereas_o the_o thermometer_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v make_v by_o the_o insertion_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n open_a at_o both_o end_n into_o a_o viol_n or_o bottle_n and_o by_o exact_o stop_v with_o seal_v wax_n or_o very_o close_o cement_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o viol_n that_o the_o include_v air_n may_v have_v no_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n but_o by_o the_o new_o mention_v pipe_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o instrument_n i_o say_v by_o choose_v a_o viol_n as_o large_a as_o you_o please_v and_o fit_v it_o with_o a_o cylynder_n slender_a enough_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o viol_n possess_v by_o include_v air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n be_v to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v so_o great_a as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n in_o this_o instrument_n with_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a rise_v or_o fall_v four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a weatherglass_n where_o the_o cavity_n that_o lodge_v the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v much_o too_o small_a consider_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o pipe_n whereinto_o the_o air_n must_v when_o it_o be_v rarify_v expand_v itself_o but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o great_a sensibility_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v of_o this_o very_a kind_n of_o weather-glass_n nor_o their_o not_o need_v frame_n that_o make_v i_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n where_o i_o purposely_o pass_v by_o contrivance_n that_o i_o know_v to_o be_v more_o curious_a but_o this_o other_o quality_n which_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o divers_a of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o namely_o that_o with_o little_a or_o no_o trouble_n and_o inconvenience_n we_o may_v employ_v liquor_n or_o other_o body_n to_o refrigerate_v the_o include_v air_n by_o immerse_v the_o viol_n if_o need_v be_v by_o a_o weight_n into_o the_o liquor_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o let_v it_o stand_v there_o as_o long_o as_o we_o please_v and_o so_o we_o may_v also_o measure_v the_o coldness_n of_o earth_n snow_n powder_a ice_n and_o other_o consistent_a body_n which_o may_v be_v heap_v about_o the_o viol_n or_o in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v bury_v iii_o i_o consider_v too_o that_o though_o man_n be_v wont_n confident_o enough_o to_o conclude_v that_o in_o case_n for_o instance_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o weather_n make_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thermoscope_n yesterday_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o day_n before_o and_o this_o day_n a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o be_v yesterday_o the_o air_n must_v be_v this_o day_n as_o cold_a again_o as_o it_o be_v yesterday_o or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a must_v be_v double_a to_o what_o it_o be_v yesterday_o and_o so_o in_o other_o proportion_n yet_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o collection_n may_v very_o just_o be_v question_v for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o cold_a be_v that_o which_o of_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o own_o power_n contract_v the_o air_n yet_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o double_a degree_n of_o cold_a must_v produce_v a_o double_a degree_n of_o condensation_n in_o the_o air_n and_o not_o either_o more_o or_o less_o since_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v but_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o differ_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n in_o several_a instrument_n and_o the_o differ_a bigness_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o expansion_n wherein_o the_o include_v air_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v when_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v may_v render_v this_o hypothesis_n very_o suspicious_a beside_o all_o this_o i_o say_v i_o be_o not_o incline_v to_o grant_v what_o philosopher_n have_v hitherto_o suppose_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o water_n be_v only_o or_o so_o much_o
as_o principal_o affect_v by_o the_o proper_a virtue_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v ere_o long_o more_o full_o declare_v and_o if_o this_o be_v make_v out_o than_o the_o computation_n we_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o 5_o show_v that_o the_o strength_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o there_o about_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n for_o instance_n of_o four_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v just_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o strength_n or_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o 10._o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v a_o equal_a force_n superad_v to_o the_o former_a which_o make_v that_o a_o double_a force_n or_o equivalent_a to_o 20_o pound_n weight_n will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a 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what_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n that_o even_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v in_o weather-glass_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v till_o we_o have_v a_o better_a and_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o i_o fear_v we_o have_v for_o though_o usual_o it_o matter_n not_o much_o what_o liquor_n you_o employ_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o in_o some_o case_n man_n may_v slip_v into_o mistake_n about_o they_o for_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o if_o of_o two_o liquor_n the_o one_o be_v much_o the_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a that_o of_o glaciation_n the_o other_o must_v be_v less_o easy_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o cold_a since_o those_o that_o make_v seal_v weather-glass_n some_o with_o water_n and_o some_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v confess_v to_o i_o that_o they_o find_v these_o last_o name_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o those_o that_o be_v furnish_v but_o with_o water_n and_o which_o yet_o be_v easy_o turn_v into_o ice_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o our_o climate_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n produce_v the_o like_a effect_n upon_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n beside_o we_o can_v always_o safe_o conclude_v as_o philosopher_n and_o chemist_n general_o do_v that_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v the_o least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v that_o be_v make_v to_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n as_o oil_n and_o some_o other_o substance_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o do_v by_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a for_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v so_o hot_a and_o strong_a a_o liquor_n that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o it_o convenient_o dissolve_v will_v make_v a_o whole_a cup_n of_o beer_n taste_v as_o strong_a and_o perhaps_o heat_v the_o body_n as_o much_o as_o so_o much_o wine_n and_o yet_o this_o hot_a and_o subtle_a liquor_n i_o have_v find_v upon_o trial_n purposely_o make_v to_o be_v more_o easy_o congealable_a in_o the_o sense_n fresh_o explain_v by_o cold_a then_o even_o common_a water_n and_o to_o continue_v so_o several_a day_n after_o a_o thaw_v have_v resolve_v the_o common_a ice_n into_o fluid_a water_n again_o and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n who_o component_a particle_n be_v so_o pierce_v and_o so_o vehement_o agitate_a that_o the_o tongue_n can_v suffer_v they_o and_o they_o be_v not_o perhaps_o inferior_a to_o most_o chemical_a oil_n nor_o to_o aquafortis_n itself_o and_o yet_o these_o may_v be_v congeal_v by_o far_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o will_v yet_o prove_v ineffectual_a to_o freeze_v either_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o the_o generality_n of_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o till_o we_o attain_v to_o some_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o cold_a and_o come_v to_o know_v more_o touch_v its_o cause_n than_o we_o yet_o do_v i_o see_v not_o why_o it_o shall_v be_v absurd_a to_o suspect_v that_o though_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o body_n which_o seem_v fit_v to_o produce_v cold_a indiscriminate_o in_o the_o body_n they_o invade_v or_o touch_v yet_o if_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o a_o body_n be_v but_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o wont_a or_o former_a agitation_n of_o its_o part_n from_o what_o cause_n soever_o that_o remissness_n proceed_v it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o beside_o those_o body_n or_o corpuscle_n that_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a there_o may_v be_v particular_a agent_n which_o in_o reference_n to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a body_n may_v be_v call_v frigorifick_a though_o they_o will_v not_o so_o much_o refrigerate_v another_o body_n which_o perhaps_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o affect_v than_o the_o former_a by_o 〈◊〉_d efficient_n of_o cold._a for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o have_v any_o such_o effect_n upon_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n and_o yet_o quicksilver_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o will_v freeze_v not_o only_a water_n but_o wine_n and_o by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o great_a traveller_n the_o jesuit_n martinius_n it_o seem_v that_o water_n itself_o may_v in_o some_o region_n be_v so_o dispose_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o soil_n that_o it_o be_v susceptible_a of_o strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o that_o degree_n of_o cold_a produce_v there_o in_o humane_a body_n beside_o opium_n also_o of_o which_o three_o or_o four_o grain_n have_v too_o oft_o destroy_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n body_n though_o that_o be_v a_o very_a hot_a subtle_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n do_v not_o sensible_o refrigerate_v water_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n which_o i_o put_v sometime_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o ordinary_a water_n and_o sometime_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n and_o as_o we_o guess_v of_o the_o same_o quantity_n wherein_o opium_n enough_o to_o kill_v very_o many_o man_n be_v put_v in_o thin_a slice_n and_o suffer_v to_o dissolve_v which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o as_o differ_a liquor_n have_v each_o their_o peculiar_a texture_n so_o there_o may_v be_v certain_a body_n who_o minute_n particle_n by_o their_o peculiar_a seize_v shape_n and_o motion_n may_v be_v qualify_v to_o hinder_v or_o at_o least_o lessen_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o appropriate_v liquor_n into_o who_o pore_n they_o insinuate_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o according_a to_o the_o late_o mention_v supposition_n they_o may_v refrigerate_v that_o particular_a liquor_n without_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n who_o texture_n be_v differ_v and_o i_o may_v countenance_v this_o by_o add_v that_o as_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a a_o spirit_n as_o that_o of_o wine_n when_o well_o 〈◊〉_d be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v yet_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o will_v in_o a_o trice_n deprive_v it_o of_o its_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o make_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n also_o but_o i_o must_v not_o insist_v on_o such_o matter_n have_v mention_v they_o but_o only_o to_o awaken_v man_n curiosity_n and_o circumspection_n and_o not_o to_o build_v much_o upon_o they_o which_o will_v be_v easy_o credit_v if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o a_o little_a above_o i_o myself_o sufficient_o intimate_v that_o this_o conjecture_n suppose_v something_o about_o the_o
i_o be_o now_o upon_o for_o while_o i_o be_v yesterday_o write_v it_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o examine_v by_o such_o a_o seal_v weatherglass_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o certain_a strange_a kind_n of_o mixture_n that_o towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o and_o though_o to_o the_o touch_n it_o appear_v but_o lukewarm_a yet_o have_v put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n i_o find_v the_o include_v liquor_n slow_o enough_o impel_v up_o so_o high_a that_o at_o length_n to_o my_o wonder_n it_o rise_v eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n in_o a_o stem_n which_o be_v not_o much_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o but_o that_o which_o i_o relate_v as_o the_o surprise_v circumstance_n be_v that_o when_o i_o have_v take_v out_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o deep_a glass_n full_a of_o cold_a water_n whence_o i_o have_v just_a before_o take_v it_o out_o to_o put_v it_o into_o the_o anomalous_a mixture_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v the_o tincture_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n do_v not_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a and_o as_o any_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v begin_v to_o subside_o again_o towards_o its_o former_a station_n but_o continue_v within_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o less_o of_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o instrument_n though_o neither_o my_o own_o busy_a eye_n nor_o those_o of_o a_o person_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o make_v and_o use_v thermoscope_n can_v perceive_v that_o the_o expanded_a tincture_n be_v any_o where_o discontinue_v by_o any_o air_n or_o bubble_n which_o at_o first_o we_o suspect_v may_v possible_o though_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a have_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o tepor_fw-la of_o the_o mixture_n but_o that_o which_o continue_v our_o wonder_n if_o not_o increase_v it_o be_v that_o during_o four_o or_o five_o hour_n that_o the_o instrument_n continue_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n and_o during_o some_o hour_n also_o that_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o tincture_n do_v not_o subside_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a have_v leave_v the_o glass_n all_o night_n in_o the_o window_n of_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v no_o chimney_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n that_o its_o descent_n be_v scarce_o sensible_o great_a for_o it_o continue_v about_o eight_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o when_o i_o first_o put_v it_o into_o the_o lukewarm_a mixture_n and_o how_o long_o it_o will_v yet_o retain_v this_o strange_a expansion_n be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v tell_v but_o by_o this_o and_o what_o i_o may_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o relate_v concern_v this_o mixture_n it_o may_v appear_v somewhat_o the_o more_o reasonable_a to_o suspect_v that_o even_o seal_a weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v in_o some_o though_o very_o rare_a conjuncture_n 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the_o trial_n myself_o lest_o it_o may_v appear_v a_o vanity_n so_o much_o as_o to_o mention_v without_o reject_v it_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o unlikely_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o since_o i_o find_v the_o thing_n for_o the_o main_a which_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o chemist_n employ_v as_o a_o argument_n by_o a_o credit_n famous_a mathematician_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la who_o expression_n be_v such_o as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o in_o stop_v glass_n the_o forementioned_a mineral_n spirit_n increase_v very_o sensible_o in_o bulk_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o full_a moon_n which_o wonder_v be_v admit_v may_v not_o only_o countenance_v what_o we_o be_v say_v but_o hint_n some_o other_o very_o strange_a thing_n in_o nature_n this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o mention_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n i_o have_v make_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v for_o many_o month_n in_o a_o well_o stop_v glass_n 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and_o it_o make_v a_o liquor_n of_o a_o most_o deep_a and_o lovely_a blue_a in_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o the_o like_a nay_o i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o good_a chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n for_o express_v oil_n be_v too_o easy_o congeal_v the_o bare_a file_n of_o it_o will_v yield_v a_o sufficient_a tincture_n but_o because_o it_o be_v yet_o but_o a_o bare_a suspicion_n that_o seal_v weather-glass_n make_v of_o differ_v liquor_n but_o in_o other_o point_n alike_o may_v be_v otherwise_o then_o uniform_o affect_v by_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o external_n air_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v a_o observation_n already_o make_v to_o show_v that_o even_o the_o seal_v weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o perfect_o seclude_v from_o all_o commerce_n with_o external_a body_n and_o liableness_n to_o their_o operation_n but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v wrought_v upon_o otherwise_o then_o we_o think_v for_o i_o have_v more_o 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hob_n hypothesis_n i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v three_o i_o wonder_v he_o shall_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o press_v water_n ascend_v into_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v because_o it_o have_v no_o other_o place_n into_o which_o it_o may_v retire_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o wind_n since_o he_o reject_v a_o vacuum_n and_o affirm_v the_o world_n to_o be_v every_o where_o perfect_o full_a shall_v not_o methinks_v have_v so_o soon_o forget_v that_o in_o the_o very_a paragraph_n or_o section_n immediate_o precede_v this_o himself_o have_v tell_v we_o that_o he_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o same_o place_n can_v be_v always_o full_a and_o nevertheless_o chap._n contain_v sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a so_o that_o i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v find_v more_o room_n to_o entertain_v it_o in_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o 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air_n do_v according_a to_o my_o conjecture_n eminent_o concur_v to_o reduce_v the_o cool_v air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n into_o a_o narrow_a space_n this_o it_o do_v in_o common_a weather-glass_n because_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n retain_v the_o whole_a pressure_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o weight_n whereas_o the_o internal_a air_n by_o its_o refrigeration_n even_o when_o but_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o external_n air_n lose_v part_n of_o the_o pressure_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o now_o weaken_a spring_n but_o this_o as_o i_o new_o intimate_v be_v not_o the_o sole_a account_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n of_o weather-glass_n impel_v up_o the_o water_n and_o contribute_v to_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n for_o in_o some_o circumstance_n one_o or_o two_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v produce_v by_o and_o by_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o air_n 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strong_a and_o proportionable_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o though_o cold_a at_o least_o such_o as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o climate_n of_o we_o do_v make_v the_o spring_n of_o a_o include_v parcel_n of_o air_n weak_a than_o it_o be_v before_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o that_o air_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o make_v it_o so_o much_o weak_a but_o that_o the_o aerial_a corpuscle_n may_v be_v keep_v so_o far_o extend_v as_o not_o at_o all_o or_o scarce_o sensible_o to_o quit_v the_o room_n they_o possess_v before_o in_o case_n there_o be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o they_o any_o other_o body_n which_o by_o its_o pressure_n endeavour_v to_o thrust_v they_o inward_o and_o so_o make_v they_o desert_n part_n of_o that_o space_n which_o clause_n i_o therefore_o add_v because_o that_o if_o the_o case_n propose_v do_v happen_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o air_n can_v retain_v so_o much_o force_v to_o resist_v a_o external_a pressure_n as_o it_o will_v have_v if_o the_o cold_a have_v not_o debilitate_a it_o and_o consequent_o this_o cool_v air_n must_v yield_v and_o suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v condense_v if_o it_o come_v to_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o pressure_n to_o which_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a before_o its_o be_v weaken_v and_o such_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n be_v the_o pressure_n that_o be_v constant_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o as_o much_o of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphaere_n as_o come_v to_o bear_v upon_o it_o have_v thus_o explain_v our_o conjecture_n we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o experiment_n we_o make_v to_o countenance_v it_o as_o we_o find_v they_o enter_v in_o our_o loose_a note_n in_o one_o of_o which_o i_o find_v what_o follow_v we_o take_v a_o viol_n capable_a of_o contain_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o almost_o half_a full_a with_o that_o liquor_n we_o invert_v into_o it_o a_o glass-pipe_n of_o about_o 10._o inch_n long_o and_o much_o big_a than_o a_o large_a swan_n quill_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o at_o the_o other_o fill_v top_n full_a with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o open_a orifice_n be_v immerse_v under_o the_o vessel_v water_n of_o the_o viol_n there_o remain_v no_o air_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n then_o as_o much_o of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o viol_n neck_n as_o be_v not_o fill_v by_o the_o pipe_n be_v careful_o close_v with_o cement_n that_o no_o air_n can_v get_v in_o or_o out_o the_o viol_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o vessel_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n and_o according_a to_o our_o expectation_n we_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o great_a degree_n of_o infrigeration_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o viol_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n do_v not_o shrink_v by_o so_o great_a a_o cold_a or_o the_o water_n whether_o to_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n or_o otherwise_o do_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n desert_v by_o the_o refrigerated_a air._n afterward_o we_o endeavour_v to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o the_o same_o glass_n but_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o be_v absent_a a_o little_a too_o long_o though_o not_o very_o long_o we_o find_v at_o our_o return_n the_o upper_a and_o seal_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n beat_v out_o which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o viol_n upon_o its_o glaciation_n wherefore_o we_o fasten_v into_o the_o same_o viol_n another_o pipe_n some_o inch_n long_o than_o the_o former_a and_o draw_v very_o slender_a at_o the_o seal_a end_n that_o it_o may_v
to_o that_o we_o here_o employ_v obtain_v ice_n and_o though_o in_o this_o metalline_a sugar_n we_o may_v well_o suppose_v the_o saline_n part_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o be_v much_o more_o concentrate_v or_o unite_v than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o spirit_n yet_o the_o solution_n must_v abound_v with_o aqueous_a part_n and_o this_o sugar_n seem_v but_o a_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o its_o solution_n will_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a the_o metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o as_o far_o as_o can_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o we_o likewise_o try_v to_o freeze_v quick_a silver_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n provide_v a_o bubble_n that_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n be_v but_o thin_a and_o so_o flat_a that_o the_o side_n almost_o touch_v and_o it_o hold_v but_o a_o little_a mercury_n and_o that_o by_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o large_a surface_n with_o but_o very_o little_a depth_n or_o thickness_n it_o be_v far_o more_o expose_v then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o ordinary_a round_a bubble_n to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o we_o can_v not_o at_o all_o freeze_v this_o extravagant_a liquor_n though_o we_o try_v it_o more_o than_o once_o and_o though_o the_o last_o time_n we_o expose_v it_o in_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a wherewith_o we_o make_v one_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o require_v a_o very_a intense_a degree_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o in_o another_o thin_a glass-bubble_n we_o long_v expose_v quicksilver_n to_o a_o extraordinary_a sharp_a air_n but_o though_o the_o cold_a have_v some_o operation_n upon_o it_o not_o here_o necessary_a to_o be_v mention_v yet_o we_o can_v not_o find_v that_o it_o do_v at_o all_o bring_v it_o to_o freeze_v wherefore_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o trial_n be_v make_v in_o muscovy_n greenland_n charles_n island_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o most_o 〈◊〉_d region_n where_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a which_o here_o be_v upon_o quicksilver_n but_o languid_a be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o sometime_o stupendous_a 6._o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o though_o not_o only_o the_o solution_n of_o other_o gross_a salt_n but_o as_o we_o have_v see_v divers_a more_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n be_v bring_v by_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o congelation_n yet_o a_o brine_n make_v very_o strong_a of_o common_a salt_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v at_o all_o though_o we_o keep_v it_o expose_v with_o the_o other_o saline_a solution_n that_o do_v freeze_v during_o a_o whole_a night_n that_o be_v exceed_v sharp_a which_o experiment_n i_o also_o try_v many_o year_n since_o to_o draw_v thence_o a_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o cartestan_a hypothesis_n about_o cold_a which_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o consider_v but_o rather_o add_v that_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v with_o what_o proportion_n of_o sea_n salt_n and_o water_n the_o congelation_n of_o they_o may_v be_v effect_v i_o find_v i_o can_v freeze_v some_o sea_n water_n that_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o barrel_n to_o that_o monarch_n of_o the_o virtuoso_n the_o king_n for_o the_o make_n of_o trial_n with_o it_o and_o that_o have_v in_o a_o single_a vial_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o very_a bitter_a night_n a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n which_o be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v common_o find_v in_o our_o sea-water_n the_o next_o day_n we_o find_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o and_o to_o add_v that_o upon_o the_o by_o we_o suffer_v the_o ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o thaw_v to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o devoid_a of_o some_o brackishness_n which_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n that_o adhere_v to_o the_o ice_n i_o leave_v to_o further_o and_o exacter_n observation_n since_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n there_o be_v divers_a that_o use_v the_o thaw_a ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o brew_v their_o beer_n with_o instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n 3._o and_o since_o i_o make_v that_o experiment_n i_o find_v in_o the_o industrious_a bartholinus_n new_o publish_v book_n de_fw-fr 42._o nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o probability_n of_o the_o report_n i_o just_a now_o mention_v his_o word_n be_v these_o de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marinâ_fw-la aquâ_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la siresolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ita_fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n finckius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benè_fw-la meritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la title_n four_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n 1._o after_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v the_o most_o capable_a of_o produce_v cold_a and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v most_o dispose_v or_o indispose_v to_o receive_v it_o it_o will_v be_v methodical_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o differ_v body_n but_o though_o a_o work_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v somewhat_o conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o cold_a in_o general_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o laborious_a a_o task_n and_o to_o be_v well_o perform_v require_v so_o much_o more_o of_o leisure_n and_o conveniency_n than_o i_o be_o master_n of_o that_o i_o must_v resign_v it_o to_o those_o that_o be_v better_o furnish_v with_o they_o which_o i_o the_o free_o do_v because_o the_o experiment_n which_o at_o this_o time_n make_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o our_o history_n be_v chief_o of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v do_v something_o of_o what_o more_o 〈◊〉_d concern_v our_o present_a design_n by_o have_v make_v the_o experiment_n anon_o to_o be_v subjoin_v within_o this_o present_a section_n or_o title_n and_o yet_o thus_o much_o we_o elsewhere_o do_v towards_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o table_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o we_o do_v on_o other_o occasion_n set_v down_o those_o hitherto_o unpractised_a way_n that_o we_o have_v employ_v to_o estimate_v the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o body_n by_o several_a kind_n of_o weather-glass_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a one_o and_o far_o more_o fit_a than_o they_o for_o such_o a_o purpose_n for_o by_o hermetical_o seal_v thermoscope_n furnish_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o can_v estimate_v the_o differ_a degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o liquor_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v present_o mention_v a_o example_n and_o by_o use_v such_o weather-glass_n as_o have_v their_o air_n include_v not_o at_o the_o top_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o instrument_n we_o can_v within_o some_o reasonable_a latitude_n measure_v the_o coldness_n both_o of_o entire_a solid_a body_n or_o minute_a body_n as_o salt_n etc._n etc._n by_o beat_v they_o alike_o and_o very_o small_a and_o place_v the_o instrument_n at_o equal_a depth_n in_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o of_o they_o and_o beside_o that_o the_o shape_n of_o these_o thermoscope_n do_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v make_v they_o proper_a for_o these_o use_n for_o which_o the_o vulgar_a one_o where_o the_o include_v air_n be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v not_o fit_a beside_o this_o i_o say_v it_o be_v easy_a in_o these_o we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o make_v the_o pipe_n so_o slender_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vial_n whereinto_o it_o be_v insert_v that_o very_o much_o minute_a difference_n of_o cold_a will_v be_v manifest_a in_o these_o then_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v sensible_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n discourse_n and_o beside_o these_o two_o sort_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o propose_v and_o describe_v a_o three_o and_o new_a kind_n of_o thermometer_n wherein_o a_o drop_n of_o liquor_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n betwixt_o the_o outward_a and_o the_o inward_a air_n make_v it_o far_o more_o fit_a for_o those_o experiment_n wherein_o we_o either_o despair_n or_o care_v not_o to_o measure_v the_o difference_n of_o cold_a betwixt_o two_o body_n but_o be_v only_o desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o they_o differ_v in_o coldness_n and_o in_o case_n they_o do_v which_o of_o they_o have_v most_o for_o
consequent_o do_v the_o former_a and_o thereby_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o perfection_n or_o have_v let_v we_o see_v what_o nature_n will_v have_v do_v if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o hinder_v in_o her_o work_n 7._o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o invite_v i_o to_o alter_v the_o common_a way_n of_o freeze_a and_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o whensoever_o i_o please_v the_o expose_v liquor_n shall_v not_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n or_o side_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o conclude_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v by_o mingle_v the_o salt_n with_o that_o part_n only_o of_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v to_o lie_v beneath_o and_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o place_v in_o it_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o snow_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n be_v able_a but_o to_o cool_v the_o water_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o glaciation_n whereas_o the_o mingle_a snow_n and_o salt_n on_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v do_v actual_o turn_v the_o neighbour_a liquor_n into_o ice_n and_o lift_v up_o the_o incumbent_a liquor_n towards_o the_o high_a and_o empty_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o liquor_n also_o i_o can_v afterward_o freeze_v at_o pleasure_n without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o vessel_n only_o by_o so_o apply_v salt_n and_o snow_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o they_o never_o reach_v except_o perhaps_o at_o the_o very_a conclusion_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o high_a by_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n as_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v always_o keep_v fluid_a and_o capable_a of_o be_v easy_o impel_v high_a and_o high_a by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a part_n of_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n 8._o the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o make_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n not_o the_o top_n will_v be_v more_o frigidum_fw-la proper_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v by_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o any_o nice_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o snow_n nor_o of_o any_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o they_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o sea_n salt_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o do_v amiss_o nor_o do_v i_o usual_o put_v salt_n to_o all_o the_o snow_n at_o once_o unless_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o freeze_v a_o liquor_n quick_o and_o make_v a_o speedy_a resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o by_o the_o way_n above_o mention_v i_o do_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n make_v the_o expose_v liquor_n freeze_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o top_n but_o next_o to_o what_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o please_v according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o experiment_n but_o though_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o way_n of_o freeze_a liquor_n it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o give_v explicit_o this_o practical_a advertisement_n concern_v it_o that_o whereas_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o snow_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o artifice_n and_o we_o ourselves_o be_v for_o some_o time_n lead_v away_o with_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o supposition_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o a_o presumption_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v remove_v as_o one_o very_o prejudicial_a to_o those_o that_o with_o we_o design_v the_o prosecute_a experiment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o history_n of_o cold._n for_o snow_n be_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v find_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o comparison_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v but_o a_o congery_n of_o many_o small_a icesicles_n with_o much_o air_n intercept_v among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d paribus_fw-la near_o so_o durable_a as_o the_o more_o entire_a body_n of_o solid_a ice_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o frequent_a experience_n that_o ice_n well_o beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o artificial_a glaciation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o in_o some_o respect_v better_a as_o snow_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n of_o cold_a we_o indifferent_o prescribe_v snow_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n and_o ice_n as_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o glaciate_a mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n 1._o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n common_a enough_o though_o not_o here_o in_o england_n yet_o among_o those_o that_o have_v give_v we_o account_n of_o very_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v freeze_v be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v be_v thereby_o spoil_v but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o internal_a cold_n will_v be_v draw_v out_o as_o they_o suppose_v by_o the_o external_a and_o the_o freeze_a body_n will_v be_v harmlef_o though_o not_o so_o quick_o thaw_v this_o tradition_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v in_o our_o more_o temperate_a climate_n and_o because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o rely_v upon_o tradition_n when_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o especial_o if_o no_o one_o credible_a author_n affirm_v they_o upon_o his_o particular_a knowledge_n but_o also_o because_o i_o think_v the_o experiment_n if_o true_a may_v be_v so_o vary_v and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o become_v luciferous_a enough_o and_o afford_v we_o divers_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o more_o know_v way_n of_o experiment_v and_o according_o have_v expose_v some_o of_o these_o body_n to_o a_o cold_a that_o be_v judge_v sharp_a enough_o we_o afterward_o put_v they_o in_o water_n but_o find_v not_o the_o event_n answer_v our_o expectation_n no_o ice_n appear_v to_o be_v generate_v nevertheless_o we_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o discourage_v as_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v not_o unlikely_a with_o more_o sollicitousness_n and_o advantage_n then_o before_o and_o have_v thereby_o bring_v it_o to_o succeed_v we_o afterward_o make_v several_a trial_n of_o it_o with_o several_a distinct_a aim_n but_o 〈◊〉_d now_o find_v any_o entry_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o but_o those_o i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o among_o my_o note_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v as_o have_v in_o they_o some_o particular_n that_o may_v afford_v useful_a hint_n to_o a_o enquirer_n into_o the_o history_n and_o nature_n of_o cold._n and_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o together_o and_o that_o in_o this_o place_n though_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o because_o some_o circumstance_n of_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o on_o several_a occasion_n in_o the_o present_a treatise_n 2._o a_o egg_n weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o one_o grain_n wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o thaw_v snow_n and_o freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n want_v four_o grain_n of_o that_o weight_n put_v into_o a_o dish_n of_o fair_a water_n there_o crust_v as_o much_o ice_n about_o the_o outside_n as_o make_v the_o egg_n and_o ice_n fifteen_o drachm_n and_o nine_o grain_n the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o shell_n and_o the_o shell_n very_o well_o dry_v the_o egg_n be_v find_v to_o weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o twelve_o grain_n the_o egg_n be_v break_v be_v find_v almost_o quite_o thaw_v the_o egg_n freeze_v swim_v in_o water_n be_v thaw_v it_o sink_v 3._o we_o take_v two_o egg_n strong_o freeze_v and_o in_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v a_o good_a fire_n we_o put_v one_o of_o they_o into_o a_o deep_a woodden-dish_n full_a of_o very_o cold_a water_n and_o set_v the_o other_o by_o it_o upon_o a_o table_n about_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o air_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a then_o perceive_v the_o egg_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o thick_a crust_n of_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o have_v first_o free_v it_o from_o the_o ice_n break_v it_o and_o find_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v not_o yet_o free_v from_o a_o pretty_a store_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o ice_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o white_a which_o be_v much_o the_o great_a part_n and_o the_o yelk_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o what_o of_o the_o same_o consistence_n as_o if_o the_o egg_n have_v not_o former_o be_v
particular_a body_n and_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o differ_a time_n wherein_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o expose_v body_n be_v estimate_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n for_o we_o find_v that_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v many_o body_n and_o that_o glaciation_n destroy_v or_o at_o lest_o prejudices_fw-la most_o other_o probable_o by_o discompose_v or_o vitiate_a their_o texture_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thaw_v though_o while_o the_o frost_n be_v in_o they_o it_o keep_v almost_o all_o body_n from_o disclose_v any_o putrefaction_n 17._o this_o be_v the_o general_a consideration_n i_o intend_v to_o propose_v it_o remain_v that_o i_o add_v out_o of_o credible_a writer_n or_o other_o relator_n some_o observation_n to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v the_o chief_a particular_n comprehend_v in_o it_o and_o first_o that_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a conduce_v much_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o inanimate_a body_n be_v a_o thing_n vulgar_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o acknowledge_v and_o i_o do_v not_o ready_o remember_v any_o instance_n that_o manifest_a that_o any_o degree_n of_o cold_a though_o more_o than_o moderate_a provide_v it_o fall_v short_a of_o freeze_a the_o body_n expose_v to_o it_o do_v spoil_v they_o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n say_v the_o industrious_a bartholinus_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la 80._o sine_fw-la arctè_fw-la 〈◊〉_d servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la à _fw-la putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v mention_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v a_o memorable_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o show_v that_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o his_o ship_n that_o be_v freeze_v up_o all_o the_o winter_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o spoil_v the_o meat_n and_o drink_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o that_o time_n under_o water_n because_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o story_n that_o they_o be_v not_o actual_o freeze_v the_o word_n of_o his_o journal_n be_v these_o by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o 74._o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n which_o god_n have_v preserve_v for_o we_o it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o which_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o of_o what_o we_o shall_v note_v by_o and_o by_o both_o out_o of_o other_o book_n and_o even_o out_o of_o this_o about_o what_o become_v of_o a_o strong_a liquor_n than_o beer_n once_o bring_v to_o glaciation_n and_o it_o seem_v our_o navigator_n find_v cold_a if_o extreme_o intend_v so_o destructive_a a_o thing_n that_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n in_o his_o journal_n that_o even_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o the_o 79._o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jote_n the_o worse_o 18._o and_o it_o seem_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o simlerus_n account_n of_o the_o alps_n that_o even_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v very_o long_o preserve_v by_o snow_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v guess_v by_o the_o story_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la 79_o nivium_fw-la è_fw-fr monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d sylvam_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60._o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la solut_a â_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 19_o second_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o many_o if_o not_o most_o inanimate_a body_n i_o say_v inanimate_a because_o of_o the_o gangraene_n and_o sphacelation_n that_o often_o rob_v live_v man_n of_o freeze_a toe_n nose_n and_o sometime_o other_o part_n if_o they_o be_v actual_o freeze_v will_v not_o disclose_v any_o putrefaction_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o that_o state_n nor_o be_v this_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o since_o whether_o we_o will_v suppose_v that_o in_o glaciation_n the_o moist_a and_o fluid_a part_n be_v wedge_v in_o by_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n or_o that_o those_o restless_a particle_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a be_v call_v forth_o of_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o glaciation_n which_o soever_o of_o these_o two_o way_n we_o pitch_v upon_o we_o must_v in_o freeze_a body_n conceive_v a_o unwonted_a rest_n to_o be_v produce_v of_o those_o movable_a particle_n who_o internal_a commotion_n and_o disorderly_a coalition_n and_o avolation_n be_v either_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o necessary_a concomitant_n of_o corruption_n 20._o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o remember_v that_o meet_v with_o a_o know_a man_n who_o affair_n stop_v he_o during_o the_o winter_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v of_o he_o how_o long_o they_o can_v in_o those_o cold_a climate_n preserve_v in_o winter_n dead_a body_n unbury_v and_o yet_o uncorrupted_a he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v opportunity_n to_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o frost_n last_v as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o that_o season_n three_o or_o four_o month_n together_o or_o long_o the_o body_n may_v without_o any_o embalm_v or_o other_o artificial_a way_n of_o preservation_n be_v keep_v untainted_a by_o the_o bare_a coldness_n of_o the_o air._n of_o body_n last_a long_o unputrify_v in_o ice_n navigator_n and_o other_o have_v afford_v we_o several_a instance_n but_o we_o will_v mention_v two_o because_o they_o contain_v something_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o be_v thus_o deliver_v by_o bartholinus_n notandum_fw-la corpor_fw-la a_o occisorum_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr eodem_fw-la 83._o positu_fw-la eademque_fw-la figur_n â_fw-la permanere_fw-la rigidâ_fw-la quâ_fw-la ante_fw-la eadem_fw-la depraehensa_fw-la sunt_fw-la visum_fw-la id_fw-la extra_fw-la urbem_fw-la nostram_fw-la quum_fw-la 11._o feb._n 1659._o oppugnantes_fw-la host_n repellerentur_fw-la magnaque_fw-la strage_fw-la occumberent_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la rigidi_fw-la iratum_fw-la vultum_fw-la ostendebant_fw-la alii_fw-la oculos_fw-la elatos_fw-la alii_fw-la ore_fw-la diducto_fw-la ringentes_fw-la alii_fw-la brachiis_fw-la extensis_fw-la gladium_fw-la minari_fw-la alii_fw-la alio_fw-la situ_fw-la prostrati_fw-la jacebant_fw-la imo_fw-la ex_fw-la mari_fw-fr gelato_fw-la primo_fw-la veer_fw-la resoluto_fw-la eque_v equo_fw-la svo_fw-la insidens_fw-la integer_fw-la emersit_fw-la nescio_fw-la quid_fw-la manibus_fw-la tenens_fw-la the_o other_o instance_n be_v afford_v we_o by_o captain_n 76._o james_n journal_n and_o be_v by_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o evening_n of_o the_o 18._o of_o may_n the_o master_n of_o our_o ship_n after_o burial_n return_v aboard_o ship_n and_o look_v about_o she_o discover_v some_o part_n of_o our_o gunner_n under_o the_o gun-room_n port_n this_o man_n we_o have_v commit_v to_o sea_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o ship_n and_o in_o deep_a water_n near_o six_o month_n before_o the_o 19_o in_o the_o morning_n i_o send_v man_n to_o dig_v he_o out_o he_o be_v fast_o in_o the_o ice_n his_o head_n downward_o and_o his_o heel_n upward_o for_o he_o have_v but_o one_o leg_n and_o the_o plaster_n be_v as_o yet_o at_o his_o wound_n in_o the_o afternoon_n they_o dig_v he_o clear_v out_o after_o all_o which_o time_n he_o be_v as_o free_v from_o noisomness_n as_o when_o we_o first_o commit_v he_o to_o sea_n this_o alteration_n have_v the_o ice_n and_o water_n and_o time_n only_o wrought_v on_o he_o that_o his_o flesh_n will_v slip_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o his_o 〈◊〉_d like_o a_o glove_n on_o a_o man_n hand_n but_o there_o be_v one_o pertinent_a particular_a more_o which_o if_o it_o be_v strict_o true_a be_v so_o very_o remarkable_a that_o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v to_o annex_v it_o which_o be_v that_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o copenhagen_n that_o return_v thither_o from_o spitzberg_n a_o place_n in_o greenland_n the_o extreme_a cold_n will_v there_o 12._o suffer_v nothing_o to_o putrify_v and_o corrupt_v insomuch_o that_o bury_v body_n be_v preserve_v 30._o year_n 〈◊〉_d and_o inviolated_a by_o any_o 〈◊〉_d 21._o three_o though_o while_o body_n continue_v freeze_v the_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v suppose_v by_o arrest_v the_o insensible_a particle_n from_o who_o tumultuary_a motion_n and_o disorderly_a avolation_n corruption_n be_v wont_a to_o
no_o pain_n save_v that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o himself_o again_o he_o feel_v such_o a_o prick_a all_o his_o body_n over_o as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o find_v in_o a_o arm_n or_o leg_n benumb_v by_o have_v be_v long_o lean_v upon_o when_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o cold_a do_v not_o work_v upon_o the_o stone_n he_o answer_v that_o as_o to_o flint_n he_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o as_o to_o other_o stone_n and_o such_o as_o be_v oftentimes_o use_v for_o building_n the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a make_v they_o frequent_o moulder_v into_o dust._n and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n about_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o wood_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v very_o often_o in_o the_o night_n especial_o when_o their_o keen_a frost_n be_v unaccompanied_a with_o snow_n hear_v the_o tree_n cleave_v and_o crack_v with_o very_o great_a and_o sometime_o frightful_a noise_n and_o that_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fir-tree_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o one_o another_o 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the_o top_n you_o shall_v manifest_o see_v that_o the_o ice_n will_v reach_v a_o good_a way_n high_o in_o the_o neck_n than_o the_o fluid_a water_n do_v and_o that_o upon_o a_o gentle_a thaw_n of_o the_o ice_n the_o water_n it_o return_v to_o will_v rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o which_o it_o reach_v before_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v 3._o we_o have_v likewise_o use_v other_o way_n unspoken_a of_o by_o the_o late_o mention_v writer_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o be_v freeze_v as_o first_o that_o we_o take_v a_o strong_a earthen_a vessel_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a form_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n to_o a_o certain_a height_n we_o expose_v it_o unstop_v both_o to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o frosty_a night_n and_o to_o the_o operation_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o find_v that_o the_o ice_n do_v manifest_o reach_v high_o than_o the_o water_n do_v before_o it_o be_v congeal_v beside_o if_o a_o hollow_a pipe_n or_o cylinder_n make_v of_o some_o compact_a matter_n be_v stop_v at_o one_o end_n with_o wax_n or_o some_o thing_n else_o which_o it_o may_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o drive_v out_o then_o to_o burst_v the_o cylinder_n and_o if_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o that_o orifice_n also_o be_v stop_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n this_o pipe_n suspend_v in_o a_o sufficient_o cold_a air_n will_v have_v the_o include_v water_n freeze_v and_o by_o that_o change_n if_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v right_o make_v the_o water_n will_v upon_o congelation_n take_v up_o so_o much_o more_o room_n than_o it_o do_v before_o that_o the_o above_o mention_v stoppel_n or_o at_o least_o one_o of_o they_o will_v be_v thrust_v out_o and_o there_o will_v be_v produce_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n a_o good_a deal_n long_o than_o the_o pipe_n at_o each_o of_o who_o end_n or_o at_o least_o at_o one_o of_o they_o a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o pretty_a length_n may_v be_v break_v off_o without_o meddle_v with_o the_o pipe_n or_o the_o ice_n that_o fill_v it_o divers_a other_o way_n of_o prove_v the_o same_o truth_n may_v be_v here_o allege_v but_o that_o though_o these_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d they_o be_v sufficient_a the_o matter_n will_v yet_o be_v abundant_o confirm_v by_o divers_a of_o the_o experiment_n that_o will_v here_o and_o there_o come_v in_o more_o opportune_o in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n 4._o but_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a or_o unseasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o not_o only_o those_o school_n philosopher_n who_o have_v consider_v the_o break_n of_o well_o 〈◊〉_d glass_n in_o frosty_a weather_n a_o accident_n but_o too_o frequent_a in_o apothecary_n shop_n and_o laboratory_n but_o divers_a modern_a virtuoso_n be_v wont_a to_o ascribe_v the_o phaenomenon_n to_o this_o that_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n contract_v the_o air_n and_o liquor_n within_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n must_v break_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o fill_v that_o space_n which_o be_v desert_v upon_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o include_v air_n the_o liquor_n will_v otherwise_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n abhor_v by_o nature_n and_o even_o those_o few_o modern_n that_o be_v loath_a to_o ascribe_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n either_o not_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n know_v not_o what_o probable_a account_n to_o give_v of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o weight_n be_v wont_a to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o that_o and_o to_o the_o great_a contraction_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n make_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_n 5._o but_o as_o for_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o above_o mention_v experiment_n sufficient_o evince_v that_o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v not_o the_o shrink_n but_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o stop_v vessel_n that_o occasion_n their_o burst_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n 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generate_v fasten_v itself_o as_o on_o other_o occasion_n we_o declare_v very_o strong_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n contiguous_a to_o its_o edge_n as_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v deep_a and_o deep_o this_o crust_n of_o ice_n increase_v in_o thickness_n and_o strength_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v include_v as_o in_o a_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v betwixt_o this_o ice_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n every_o where_o else_o and_o consequent_o the_o remain_a water_n be_v uncapable_a of_o congelation_n without_o expansion_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v strong_a enough_o at_o the_o top_n to_o make_v it_o easy_a for_o the_o expansive_a endeavour_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n to_o crack_v the_o side_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n then_o to_o force_v up_o that_o thick_a cake_n of_o ice_n the_o vessel_n will_v be_v break_v how_o much_o soever_o there_o be_v of_o it_o empty_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o these_o two_o particular_n the_o one_o that_o when_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o broad_a vessel_n which_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v break_v or_o stretch_v by_o the_o frost_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n will_v be_v convex_a or_o protuberant_a because_o that_o though_o the_o glaciation_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n the_o thickness_n and_o compactness_n of_o the_o vessel_n make_v it_o easy_o for_o the_o expansive_a endeavour_n to_o thrust_v up_o that_o cake_n of_o ice_n in_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v the_o remote_a from_o the_o side_n whereunto_o they_o be_v strong_o fasten_v then_o to_o break_v so_o solid_a a_o vessel_n 6._o the_o other_o particular_a be_v afford_v we_o by_o that_o experiment_n of_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o vth_z title_n forego_v wherein_o if_o a_o vessel_n half_n full_a of_o water_n be_v make_v to_o freeze_v not_o first_o at_o the_o top_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n that_o liquor_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o ice_n without_o danger_n to_o the_o glass_n but_o we_o will_v now_o add_v a_o experiment_n on_o who_o occasion_n we_o have_v set_v down_o these_o consideration_n for_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n stop_v will_v preserve_v it_o expanded_a or_o at_o least_o keep_v it_o from_o considerable_o shrink_v notwithstanding_o a_o very_a great_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o case_n the_o vessel_n be_v strong_a and_o close_o enough_o to_o fence_v it_o from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n we_o conjecture_v that_o the_o bare_a weight_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n add_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o break_v much_o weak_a glass_n than_o those_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o partly_o to_o satisfy_v some_o ingenious_a man_n that_o this_o conjecture_n make_v i_o dissent_v from_o and_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o peripatetic_n and_o those_o that_o adhere_v to_o they_o in_o the_o question_n under_o consideration_n that_o either_o the_o cold_a alone_n can_v always_o as_o they_o teach_v we_o contract_v the_o air_n or_o that_o if_o it_o do_v the_o break_n of_o well_o stop_v glass_n in_o frosty_a weather_n be_v much_o fit_a to_o evince_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n then_o that_o there_o can_v be_v none_o we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 7._o we_o take_v three_o glass-bubble_n of_o differ_v shape_n and_o size_n which_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n that_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n very_o favourable_a for_o our_o adversary_n we_o may_v have_v they_o much_o thin_a and_o consequent_o weak_a than_o those_o glass_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v liquor_n in_o and_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v break_v though_o they_o be_v not_o full_a by_o the_o frost_n these_o bubble_n when_o the_o air_n be_v at_o a_o convenient_a temper_n within_o be_v as_o easy_o they_o may_v be_v nimble_o seal_v up_o with_o care_n to_o avoid_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o they_o and_o be_v afterward_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o air_n it_o self_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n and_o sometime_o to_o that_o great_a cold_a which_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o place_v they_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o can_v not_o nevertheless_o find_v that_o any_o one_o of_o the_o three_o be_v at_o all_o break_a or_o crack_v so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o include_v air_n be_v condense_v into_o a_o lesser_a room_n the_o space_n it_o desert_v may_v be_v conclude_v empty_a or_o else_o it_o will_v hardly_o appear_v what_o 〈◊〉_d there_o can_v be_v that_o nature_n shall_v break_v as_o the_o peripatetic_n pretend_v very_o much_o strong_a glass_n in_o apothecary_n shop_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n 8._o have_v show_v that_o water_n itself_o acquire_v a_o considerable_a expansion_n by_o cold_a we_o will_v next_o show_v that_o aqueous_a body_n or_o those_o that_o abound_v with_o waterish_a part_n do_v divers_a if_o not_o 〈◊〉_d of_o they_o the_o like_a we_o take_v egg_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n they_o burst_v the_o shell_n asunder_o so_o that_o divers_a gape_a crack_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v freeze_v 9_o milk_n urine_n rhenish-wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass_n egg_n neither_o of_o the_o three_o former_a liquor_n 〈◊〉_d observe_v to_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o rise_v the_o event_n in_o sum_n be_v that_o the_o urine_n be_v much_o long_o then_o either_o of_o the_o two_o other_o liquor_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v but_o rise_v to_o a_o far_o great_a height_n than_o they_o afterward_o the_o wine_n do_v not_o leave_v the_o mark_n above_o a_o inch_n beneath_o the_o milk_n ascend_v about_o two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n by_o guess_n six_o or_o seven_o 10._o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o 〈◊〉_d vitriol_n be_v put_v into_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n so_o that_o the_o liquor_n fill_v the_o pipe_n to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o six_o or_o eight_o inch_n be_v freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o congeal_a liquor_n grow_v very_o opacous_a and_o look_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v turn_v or_o shoot_v into_o vitriol_n save_o a_o little_a that_o remain_v fluid_a and_o transparent_a near_o the_o bottom_n and_o this_o ice_n as_o appear_v rise_v considerable_o high_a than_o the_o liquor_n do_v before_o congelation_n it_o be_v perhaps_o worth_a try_v whether_o or_o no_o even_o several_a body_n of_o a_o stable_a consistence_n and_o durable_a texture_n may_v not_o be_v find_v to_o receive_v some_o though_o less_o manifest_a dilatation_n by_o excessive_a cold._n and_o methinks_v those_o who_o attribute_n glaciation_n to_o the_o plentiful_a ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o body_n shall_v by_o their_o hypothesis_n have_v be_v invite_v to_o make_v some_o trial_n of_o this_o kind_n since_o we_o see_v that_o the_o invisible_a moisture_n of_o the_o air_n against_o rainy_a weather_n do_v seem_v manifest_o enough_o to_o alter_v the_o dimension_n of_o door_n window-shuts_a and_o other_o such_o work_v make_v of_o wood_n not_o well_o season_v and_o even_o without_o suppose_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o epicurean_a hypothesis_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o in_o bread_n though_o we_o be_v sure_a that_o much_o more_o water_n be_v add_v to_o the_o meal_n or_o flower_n than_o be_v exhale_a in_o the_o oven_n yet_o there_o appear_v not_o the_o least_o drop_n of_o water_n distinct_a in_o the_o concrete_a and_o that_o hartshorn_n sponge_n and_o many_o other_o body_n that_o seem_v very_o dry_a will_v afford_v by_o distillation_n good_a store_n of_o phlegm_n or_o water_n and_o more_o than_o can_v probable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o transmute_v 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claret-wine_n and_o if_o thrust_v down_o into_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n they_o nimble_o enough_o emerge_v 6._o whether_o or_o no_o chemical_a oil_n though_o like_v express_v oil_n they_o shrink_v with_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v by_o congelation_n be_v like_v they_o contract_v or_o like_o aqueous_a liquor_n expanded_a we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o by_o experiment_n because_o we_o be_v unable_a to_o advance_v cold_a to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o bring_v such_o oil_n to_o congelation_n only_o we_o have_v thought_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v with_o water_n in_o a_o limbeck_n in_o regard_n that_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a liquor_n and_o as_o chemist_n call_v it_o a_o essential_a oil_n and_o though_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n and_o at_o some_o other_o season_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a it_o will_v remain_v fluid_a yet_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v 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invert_v the_o stem_n and_o break_v the_o neb_n under_o water_n we_o find_v about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n to_o have_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o stem_n so_o that_o in_o this_o there_o seem_v no_o generation_n of_o air._n 17._o to_o all_o these_o experiment_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v in_o two_o word_n that_o as_o in_o water_n so_o in_o some_o aqueous_a liquor_n we_o find_v that_o the_o icy_a bubble_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o measure_v their_o respective_a expansion_n by_o be_v congeal_v for_o in_o that_o elsewhere_o mention_a experiment_n where_o we_o expose_v milk_n urine_n and_o rhenish-wine_n to_o freeze_v when_o all_o those_o liquor_n be_v rise_v above_o their_o former_a mark_n as_o be_v there_o relate_v our_o note_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o experiment_n be_v thus_o prosecute_v 18._o be_v seal_v up_o the_o forego_v word_n mention_v the_o abovenamed_a expanded_a liquor_n and_o suffer_v to_o thaw_v the_o 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the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1._o to_o the_o experiment_n mention_v in_o the_o seven_o and_o nine_o title_n which_o show_n that_o water_n have_v a_o expansion_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o subjoin_v some_o of_o those_o whereby_o we_o endeavour_v to_o measure_v that_o expansion_n and_o here_o we_o shall_v not_o content_v ourselves_o to_o say_v that_o whereas_o the_o author_n we_o have_v former_o occasion_n to_o point_n at_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o have_v raise_v water_n in_o a_o bolthead_a half_a a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n by_o freeze_a we_o have_v make_v it_o ascend_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o more_o this_o i_o say_v we_o shall_v pass_v by_o because_o that_o though_o by_o such_o experiment_n we_o have_v very_o clear_o and_o undeniable_o manifest_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o unless_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v know_v they_o will_v signify_v but_o little_a towards_o the_o determine_v the_o quantity_n of_o that_o expansion_n 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inform_v we_o the_o space_n of_o 91._o and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o character_n a_o eight_o so_o that_o by_o this_o troublesome_a way_n of_o examination_n we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n by_o the_o expansion_n it_o receive_v from_o cold_a be_v make_v to_o possess_v about_o a_o nine_o part_v more_o space_n than_o it_o do_v before_o congelation_n 3._o in_o another_o of_o our_o note_n we_o find_v as_o follow_v 55_o part_n of_o water_n extend_v themselves_o by_o freeze_v into_o sixty_o and_o a_o half_a about_o six_o of_o those_o part_n remain_v unfrozen_a so_o that_o in_o this_o experiment_n the_o water_n expansion_n be_v not_o much_o though_o somewhat_o differ_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o that_o last_o mention_v 4._o the_o other_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o measure_v the_o dimension_n that_o water_n gain_v by_o freeze_a be_v to_o take_v a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o leave_v open_a at_o the_o other_o at_o which_o we_o fill_v it_o 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a_o very_a frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v burst_v the_o bottle_n though_o its_o matter_n be_v metalline_a and_o though_o purposely_o for_o this_o trial_n we_o have_v choose_v it_o quite_o new_a the_o crack_n appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o pewter_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o bottle_n fill_v with_o ice_n that_o have_v crack_v it_o which_o a_o noble_a virtuoso_fw-la will_v needs_o make_v i_o who_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v to_o amuse_v with_o such_o a_o trifle_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o virtuoso_fw-la bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o show_v itself_o in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v real_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n 3._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o a_o much_o small_a quantity_n of_o 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the_o violence_n of_o the_o external_a air_n frigefactive_a power_n or_o the_o weight_n that_o oppress_v the_o cover_n have_v hinder_v that_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v its_o glaciation_n wherefore_o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n with_o ice_n or_o snow_n as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o introduce_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o air_n alone_o even_o in_o very_o frosty_a night_n and_o though_o this_o way_n itself_o the_o glaciation_n proceed_v very_o slow_o and_o sometime_o scarce_o at_o all_o yet_o at_o length_n we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v bring_v so_o far_o to_o freeze_v that_o on_o the_o morrow_n the_o ice_n have_v on_o one_o side_n swell_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o by_o lift_v the_o cover_n on_o that_o side_n have_v throw_v down_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n but_o in_o this_o trial_n the_o cover_n have_v be_v uniform_o or_o every_o where_o lift_v up_o above_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n divers_a time_n as_o we_o can_v get_v opportunity_n sometime_o with_o success_n and_o sometime_o without_o it_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o our_o experiment_n of_o this_o sort_n we_o find_v the_o follow_a account_n among_o our_o collection_n 5._o the_o hollow_a brass_n weight_n be_v about_o one_o inch_n and_o thou_o quarter_n in_o diameter_n and_o the_o brass_n cover_v put_v on_o be_v load_v with_o a_o weight_n of_o 56._o pound_n upon_o the_o cover_n and_o expose_v to_o a_o excessive_o sharp_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o cover_n and_o the_o weight_n be_v find_v visible_o lift_v up_o though_o not_o above_o that_o we_o can_v discern_v a_o small_a barley-corn_n breadth_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brass_n cover_n be_v not_o here_o estimate_v which_o be_v much_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o 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air_n to_o be_v condense_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v account_v by_o estimation_n for_o the_o slender_a pipe_n new_o take_v notice_n of_o almost_o 9_o â…ž_n inch_n this_o space_n we_o observe_v the_o ascend_a water_n as_o the_o ice_n increase_v below_o to_o invade_v by_o degree_n for_o we_o watch_v it_o and_o measure_v it_o from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o much_o till_o at_o length_n the_o water_n reach_v to_o 8._o inch_n and_o â…ž_n almost_o above_o the_o station_n which_o we_o have_v careful_o mark_v with_o a_o diamond_n in_o which_o we_o find_v it_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v seal_v up_o leave_v but_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n at_o the_o top_n so_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a space_n before_o possess_v by_o the_o air_n the_o water_n have_v intrude_v into_o near_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o then_o be_v partly_o apprehensive_a the_o glass_n will_v hold_v no_o long_o but_o have_v its_o upper_a part_n blow_v off_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o we_o a_o little_a before_o with_o 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common_a salt_n but_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v not_o well_o though_o once_o we_o bring_v the_o ice_n to_o stick_v to_o the_o wood_n manifest_o but_o not_o strong_o 8._o to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o when_o we_o watchful_o make_v it_o succeed_v well_o and_o i_o find_v it_o among_o my_o note_n set_v down_o in_o these_o term_n solid_a fragment_n of_o ice_n have_v pretty_a store_n of_o salt_n throw_v on_o they_o upon_o the_o first_o fall_v of_o the_o salt_n among_o the_o ice_n there_o be_v produce_v a_o little_a 〈◊〉_d noise_n and_o for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o there_o manifest_o ascend_v out_o of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n convenient_o hold_v betwixt_o a_o candle_n and_o the_o eye_n a_o steam_n or_o smoke_n like_o that_o of_o warm_a meat_n though_o the_o night_n be_v rainy_a and_o warm_a and_o though_o the_o morning_n have_v not_o be_v frosty_a the_o mention_n here_o make_v of_o the_o crackle_n noise_n make_v by_o the_o ice_n upon_o 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the_o same_o but_o much_o more_o powerful_o and_o without_o seem_v to_o crack_v the_o ice_n which_o it_o pass_v through_o so_o that_o though_o but_o three_o or_o four_o drop_n be_v let_v fall_n upon_o the_o plate_n it_o immediate_o show_v itself_o in_o drop_n exceed_o corrosive_a on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o a_o trial_n make_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n upon_o three_o such_o plate_n of_o ice_n freeze_a one_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o another_o 10._o have_v proceed_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a towards_o the_o bring_v the_o strength_n of_o ice_n to_o some_o kind_n of_o estimate_n by_o such_o experiment_n as_o we_o have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v here_o we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o seek_v what_o information_n we_o can_v get_v about_o this_o matter_n among_o the_o description_n that_o be_v give_v we_o of_o cold_a region_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v any_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o this_o purpose_n worth_n transcribe_v except_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o upsal_n wherein_o though_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o ice_n be_v as_o we_o shall_v by_o and_o by_o show_n 〈◊〉_d after_o a_o gross_a manner_n yet_o since_o this_o itself_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o elsewhere_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a subjoyn_v as_o our_o author_n deliver_v it_o in_o these_o term_n glacies_fw-la say_v 14._o he_o primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la hyemis_fw-la adeò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la vero_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la seu_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la inferiùs_fw-la 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the_o ice_n which_o may_v much_o more_o easy_o support_v the_o weight_n of_o divers_a man_n place_v very_o near_o the_o prop_n then_o that_o of_o one_o man_n place_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o as_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v by_o those_o that_o be_v not_o stranger_n to_o the_o mechanic_n especial_o to_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o lever_n but_o not_o now_o to_o debate_v whether_o in_o certain_a case_n the_o ice_n we_o speak_v of_o may_v not_o receive_v some_o support_n from_o the_o subjacent_a water_n nor_o whether_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v not_o sometime_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o case_n a_o little_a our_o very_a consider_v the_o ice_n as_o a_o single_a or_o double_a lever_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v we_o from_o measure_v the_o determinate_a strength_n of_o ice_n upon_o olaus_n observation_n yet_o it_o will_v set_v forth_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o since_o by_o his_o indefinite_a 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my_o present_a purpose_n though_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o but_o one_o which_o be_v so_o full_a and_o express_a that_o it_o need_v no_o companion_n our_o navigator_n speak_v thus_o about_o nine_o of_o the_o 813._o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n we_o come_v by_o a_o great_a island_n of_o ice_n and_o by_o this_o island_n we_o find_v some_o piece_n of_o ice_n break_v off_o from_o the_o say_a island_n and_o be_v in_o great_a want_n of_o fresh_a water_n we_o hoist_v out_o our_o boat_n of_o both_o ship_n and_o load_v they_o twice_o with_o ice_n which_o make_v we_o very_o good_a fresh_a water_n but_o all_o this_o notwithstanding_o i_o yet_o retain_v some_o scruple_n till_o those_o that_o have_v better_a opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o more_o satisfactory_a experiment_n shall_v ease_v i_o of_o it_o for_o though_o by_o these_o narratives_n it_o seem_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o ice_n
of_o five_o canon_n but_o the_o next_o passage_n be_v more_o direct_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a subject_n and_o be_v couch_v in_o these_o word_n about_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n this_o night_n it_o be_v still_o calm_a we_o find_v ourselves_o sudden_o compass_v round_o about_o with_o great_a island_n of_o ice_n which_o make_v such_o a_o hideous_a noise_n as_o be_v most_o wonderful_a so_o that_o by_o no_o mean_n we_o can_v double_v the_o same_o to_o the_o westward_o wherefore_o etc._n etc._n of_o these_o kind_n of_o icy_a thunder_n as_o some_o traveller_n call_v they_o there_o be_v divers_a instance_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o mention_v in_o the_o several_a voyage_n of_o the_o hollander_n &_o particular_o in_o those_o to_o nova_n zembla_n but_o many_o of_o those_o noise_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n against_o one_o another_o but_o if_o it_o happen_v when_o the_o ice_n as_o sometime_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v seem_v to_o cleave_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n to_o we_o that_o live_v in_o a_o temperate_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o dispute_n whence_o these_o loud_a rupture_n of_o ice_n may_v proceed_v for_o olaus_n magnus_n in_o the_o chapter_n above_o cite_v do_v not_o improbable_o ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o warm_a exhalation_n that_o in_o some_o place_n ascend_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o i_o remember_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n that_o i_o once_o cause_v divers_a piece_n of_o thick_a ice_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o a_o cool_a place_n into_o a_o somewhat_o warm_a room_n and_o listen_v observe_v a_o noise_n to_o come_v from_o they_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v produce_v by_o store_n of_o little_a crack_n make_v in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o or_o other_o prevent_v i_o from_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o about_o the_o conjecture_n but_o have_v late_o inquire_v of_o a_o intelligent_a polander_n that_o have_v travel_v much_o upon_o these_o icy_a plain_n he_o agree_v with_o our_o author_n and_o other_o as_o to_o the_o frightful_a noise_n that_o be_v produce_v by_o these_o crack_n of_o ice_n but_o affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o observation_n for_o that_o i_o particular_o inquire_v after_o that_o these_o great_a cleft_n be_v often_o make_v not_o by_o thaw_v heat_n but_o by_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o extreme_o sharp_a weather_n indeed_o we_o sometime_o observe_v that_o in_o very_o bitter_a frost_n the_o freeze_a ground_n will_v cleave_v as_o we_o elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n but_o whether_o that_o be_v not_o a_o different_a case_n from_o this_o or_o whether_o the_o polonian_a gentleman_n be_v not_o mistake_v or_o whether_o both_o these_o mention_a account_n of_o the_o cleave_a of_o ice_n may_v on_o different_a conjuncture_n of_o circumstance_n take_v place_n we_o leave_v to_o far_a inquiry_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n concern_v ice_n about_o the_o famous_a volcan-hecla_a in_o island_n which_o though_o very_o believe_v among_o the_o superstitious_a vulgar_a of_o 22._o those_o part_n be_v speak_v of_o so_o slight_o by_o blefkenius_fw-la who_o be_v upon_o that_o coast_n have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o sail_v purposely_o thither_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o take_v any_o far_a notice_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o section_n which_o the_o strangeness_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o theme_n have_v make_v so_o prolix_a already_o the_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v mention_v without_o impertinency_n concern_v ice_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v here_o desist_v from_o so_o laborious_a a_o task_n as_o also_o omit_v the_o handle_n of_o snow_n and_o hail_n for_o though_o they_o be_v reducible_a to_o ice_n yet_o i_o shall_v at_o least_o suspend_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o partly_o because_o bartholinus_n and_o meteorologist_n have_v save_v much_o of_o my_o labour_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o reason_n new_o intimate_v so_o that_o we_o shall_v conclude_v this_o section_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o somewhat_o relate_v to_o ice_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o considerable_a and_o whereof_o hitherto_o no_o experimental_a account_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v give_v what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v try_v about_o it_o may_v challenge_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o apart_o title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n 1._o it_o may_v be_v a_o experiment_n as_o well_o instructive_a as_o new_a to_o determine_v what_o liquor_n dissolve_v ice_n soon_o than_o other_o and_o in_o what_o proportion_n of_o quickness_n the_o solution_n in_o the_o several_a liquor_n be_v make_v for_o man_n have_v hitherto_o content_v themselves_o to_o suspect_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v other_o liquor_n potential_o hot_a wherein_o ice_n will_v soon_o dissolve_v than_o it_o will_v in_o water_n but_o this_o opinion_n either_o be_v ground_v upon_o no_o experience_n at_o all_o or_o take_v up_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o no_o care_n be_v take_v 〈◊〉_d reduce_v to_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n no_o more_o then_o to_o measure_v attentive_o how_o long_o one_o outla_v the_o other_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v if_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v this_o matter_n to_o experiment_n and_o make_v a_o determination_n in_o it_o though_o not_o exact_o true_a yet_o less_o remote_a from_o exactness_n than_o have_v be_v yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v 2._o in_o order_n to_o this_o we_o procure_v some_o bullet_n mould_v and_o have_v first_o careful_o stop_v the_o little_a crevice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o remain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o half_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o a_o good_a close_a cement_n we_o afterward_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n and_o careful_o close_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o and_o then_o set_v the_o mould_n to_o freeze_v in_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o find_v it_o difficult_a enough_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o from_o run_v away_o through_o some_o unperceived_a passage_n before_o the_o cold_a can_v have_v time_n by_o congeal_v it_o to_o arrest_v it_o but_o after_o a_o while_n when_o we_o have_v thus_o make_v a_o bullet_n of_o ice_n we_o find_v it_o a_o new_a and_o great_a difficulty_n to_o get_v it_o whole_a out_o of_o the_o mould_n without_o warm_v they_o for_o by_o that_o way_n we_o can_v indeed_o loosen_v the_o ice_n but_o then_o we_o can_v not_o avoid_v thaw_v it_o too_o and_o that_o most_o time_n not_o uniform_o wherefore_o we_o try_v by_o grease_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n to_o keep_v the_o ice_n from_o stick_v so_o close_o to_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o distension_n the_o water_n suffer_v by_o its_o be_v freeze_a but_o that_o we_o may_v pick_v out_o the_o bullet_n entire_a and_o this_o succeed_a well_o enough_o we_o hope_v by_o this_o way_n to_o obtain_v our_o end_n which_o be_v to_o have_v a_o competent_a number_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n to_o be_v put_v at_o once_o to_o thaw_v in_o several_a liquor_n but_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n procure_v mould_n which_o have_v any_o number_n of_o distinct_a cell_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n those_o long_a pair_n of_o mould_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o shop_n have_v their_o distinct_a cell_n general_o make_v on_o purpose_n of_o very_o different_a bigness_n which_o render_v they_o altogether_o useless_a for_o our_o design_n wherefore_o we_o be_v fain_o for_o want_v of_o a_o exacter_n way_n to_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n of_o the_o most_o even_a and_o cylindrical_a that_o we_o have_v and_o of_o a_o bear_v capable_a to_o admit_v a_o big_a man_n little_a finger_n this_o glass_n be_v stop_v at_o one_o end_n and_o keep_v open_a at_o the_o other_o be_v fill_v to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o more_o of_o fair_a water_n and_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v heap_v up_o about_o it_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d do_v it_o be_v quick_o freeze_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n i_o have_v cause_v several_a wide_o mouth_v glass_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o my_o chamber_n wherein_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o indisposition_n that_o hinder_v i_o from_o go_v abroad_o i_o keep_v some_o fire_n and_o have_v pour_v several_a liquor_n into_o these_o glass_n which_o have_v be_v place_v all_o on_o a_o row_n we_o suffer_v they_o to_o rest_v there_o a_o while_n that_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n may_v have_v time_n to_o reduce_v they_o as_o far_o
as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a 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and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
little_a exercise_n will_v put_v they_o into_o a_o great_a sweat_n and_o a_o learned_a and_o experience_a french_a doctor_n that_o have_v write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n of_o stone_n and_o jewel_n affirm_v that_o in_o such_o mine_n the_o subterraneal_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v visible_o so_o abundant_a and_o likewise_o so_o hot_a that_o the_o mine-man_n be_v constrain_v which_o a_o person_n i_o speak_v with_o affirm_v to_o i_o touch_v himself_o to_o work_v in_o their_o shirt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n they_o there_o feel_v and_o though_o i_o will_v have_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v whether_o those_o deep_a place_n will_v have_v appear_v as_o hot_a when_o judge_v of_o by_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o mine-mens_n sensory_n because_o of_o some_o little_a doubt_n i_o harbour_v whether_o much_o of_o that_o copious_a sweat_v and_o seem_a heat_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o dampish_a air_n and_o its_o 2._o unfitness_n for_o respiration_n yet_o because_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la that_o have_v a_o lead-mine_a of_o his_o own_o in_o which_o he_o wrought_v himself_o for_o curiosity_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o find_v any_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o sweat_v and_o since_o i_o find_v not_o that_o other_o have_v complain_v of_o have_v their_o respiration_n incommodate_v in_o such_o place_n unless_o by_o accidental_a damp_n my_o scruple_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o author_n late_o mention_v ibid._n express_o affirm_v that_o the_o sudorific_a heat_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o in_o summer_n 〈◊〉_d in_o winter_n which_o prevent_v the_o ascribe_v of_o it_o to_o antiperistasis_n and_o in_o other_o place_n than_o mines_n it_o be_v general_o observe_v that_o well_n and_o spring_n freeze_v not_o if_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v be_v very_o deep_a but_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v elsewhere_o that_o it_o oft_o come_v up_o smoke_v and_o as_o it_o be_v reak_a which_o argue_v that_o at_o the_o least_o the_o earth_n wherein_o it_o be_v harbour_v or_o through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v if_o not_o warm_a free_a from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v expect_a in_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o pretend_v that_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n come_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o learned_a man_n have_v observe_v that_o 2._o those_o heat_n not_o the_o earth_n above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a even_o in_o southern_a country_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v they_o to_o pierce_v three_o time_n as_o far_o yet_o that_o will_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mine_n above_o mention_v and_o if_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n cold_a and_o receive_v the_o heat_n it_o disclose_v only_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n the_o deep_a man_n dig_v the_o lesser_a of_o heat_n and_o steam_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o whereas_o the_o above_o cite_a french_a minerallist_n affirm_v that_o the_o low_a they_o go_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_n they_o find_v 9_o but_o because_o this_o learned_a man_n deliver_v this_o circumstance_n in_o a_o dogmatical_a rather_o than_o a_o historical_a way_n i_o will_v add_v somewhat_o out_o of_o a_o relation_n whence_o i_o have_v air._n elsewhere_o take_v other_o particular_n make_v by_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d likewise_o that_o have_v 〈◊〉_d curiosity_n to_o descend_v himself_o into_o the_o deep_a mine_n of_o hungary_n some_o of_o which_o that_o he_o go_v down_o into_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o his_o narrative_a to_o have_v three_o or_o four_o 〈◊〉_d fathom_n that_o be_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o four_o hundred_o foot_n of_o perpendicular_a depth_n this_o author_n than_o relate_v that_o after_o he_o have_v descend_v about_o 180._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o come_v into_o a_o very_a warm_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o last_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v so_o 〈◊〉_d both_o winter_n and_o summer_n that_o the_o laborors_n be_v wont_n to_o work_v in_o it_o without_o their_o clothes_n and_o he_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o it_o although_o the_o external_a air_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o weather_n be_v very_o fair_a and_o the_o month_n july_n fodiatur_fw-la he_o add_v that_o he_o have_v demand_v of_o the_o overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n whence_o this_o heat_n come_v he_o be_v answer_v to_o that_o and_o several_a other_o question_n that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o in_o all_o deep_a mine_n after_o one_o be_v past_o the_o cold_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o come_v into_o a_o region_n that_o be_v perpetual_o warm_a and_o that_o where_o ever_o they_o dig_v the_o ground_n after_o they_o be_v come_v to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o he_o elsewhere_o mention_n to_o be_v about_o 80._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n they_o feel_v no_o more_o any_o cold_a but_o a_o perpetual_a heat_n how_o deep_a soever_o they_o dig_v etc._n yet_o without_o observe_v that_o after_o they_o be_v once_o into_o that_o warm_a region_n they_o find_v the_o heat_n sensible_o increase_v the_o near_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n unless_o by_o accident_n they_o happen_v to_o dig_v through_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n and_o these_o answer_n subjoin_v my_o author_n i_o receive_v not_o in_o one_o mine_n alone_o or_o from_o a_o single_a overseer_n but_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n and_o from_o all_o the_o master_n of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v not_o mistake_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o as_o far_o as_o experience_n can_v inform_v we_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o lowermost_a part_n where_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v cold_a be_v every_o where_o and_o that_o considerable_o hot_a i_o say_v if_o these_o mine-man_n be_v not_o mistake_v because_o have_v be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o mine_n myself_o though_o i_o find_v it_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v still_o warm_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a one_o yet_o i_o confess_v i_o somewhat_o suspect_v by_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o this_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o our_o french_a physician_n find_v in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v rather_o in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o those_o place_n or_o of_o the_o mineral_n generate_v there_o then_o bare_o as_o he_o and_o those_o that_o inform_v he_o suppose_v from_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o depth_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o i_o know_v several_a mixture_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v common_a of_o body_n neither_o of_o they_o actual_o hot_a which_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o very_o credible_a eye_n witness_n affirm_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o good_a store_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o mineral_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a nature_n which_o by_o the_o bare_a addition_n of_o common_a water_n will_v grow_v hot_a almost_o to_o ignition_n so_o that_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n be_v deep_a and_o as_o appear_v by_o our_o author_n narrative_a be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d of_o water_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o subterraneal_a spring_n in_o the_o mine_n its_o self_n beside_o what_o water_n may_v plentiful_o ascend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n and_o moisten_v the_o oar_n it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o either_o the_o water_n or_o some_o appropriate_v mineral_n spirit_n or_o juice_n of_o which_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v contain_v divers_a that_o we_o know_v nothing_o of_o may_v produce_v together_o with_o the_o mineral_n a_o warm_a steam_n which_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a vent_n in_o those_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n may_v heat_v they_o considerable_o which_o conjecture_n may_v be_v countenance_v by_o these_o three_o circumstance_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o author_n narrative_a one_o that_o the_o smoke_n that_o copious_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n by_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n be_v not_o bare_o hot_a but_o consist_v of_o stink_a exhalation_n which_o be_v so_o saline_a and_o fret_v as_o oftentimes_o to_o corrode_v and_o spoil_v both_o the_o wooden_a ladder_n or_o stair_n and_o the_o iron_n instrument_n of_o the_o digger_n the_o other_o that_o the_o overseer_n themselves_o of_o the_o mine_n tell_v morinus_n as_o we_o late_o see_v that_o they_o in_o some_o place_n meet_v with_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n which_o make_v it_o hot_a than_o the_o bare_a vicinity_n of_o those_o place_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v do_v and_o last_o
with_o he_o supply_v he_o so_o well_o with_o air_n that_o he_o be_v not_o incommodate_v in_o point_n of_o respiration_n and_o though_o he_o feel_v no_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v dissuade_v his_o tarry_n long_a yet_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o great_a and_o troublesome_a that_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o above_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o remount_v to_o a_o mild_a as_o well_o as_o a_o high_a region_n i_o wish_v several_a time_n he_o have_v have_v with_o he_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n for_o ordinary_a thermometer_n will_v on_o that_o occasion_n have_v be_v unserviceable_a to_o prevent_v some_o little_a doubt_n that_o may_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o intense_a cold_a he_o feel_v may_v not_o be_v only_o and_o chief_o in_o reference_n to_o his_o body_n which_o may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o dispose_v by_o this_o new_a briny_a ambient_fw-la as_o to_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o course_n or_o texture_n of_o his_o blood_n as_o that_o which_o make_v aguish_a person_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fit_a though_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a person_n that_o find_v the_o sea_n exceed_o cold_a for_o i_o remember_v 1._o beguinus_n relate_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o marseillian_a knight_n that_o be_v overseer_n of_o the_o coral-fishing_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n that_o have_v upon_o that_o coast_n let_v down_o a_o young_a man_n to_o feel_v whether_o coral_n be_v hard_a or_o soft_a as_o it_o grow_v in_o the_o water_n when_o this_o man_n be_v come_v about_o eight_o fathom_n near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o feel_v it_o exceed_o cold_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o sober_a traveller_n josephus_n acosta_n who_o tell_v 11._o we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o water_n can_v be_v make_v hot_a by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o in_o river_n final_o he_o subjoin_v even_o as_o salt-petre_n though_o it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o salt_n have_v the_o property_n to_o cool_v water_n even_o so_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o in_o some_o part_n and_o haven_n the_o salt_n water_n do_v refresh_v the_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o that_o of_o callao_n where_o they_o put_v the_o water_n or_o wine_n which_o they_o drink_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o flagon_n to_o be_v refresh_v whereby_o we_o may_v undoubted_o find_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v this_o property_n to_o temper_n and_o moderate_v the_o excessive_a heat_n for_o this_o cause_n we_o feel_v great_a heat_n at_o land_n then_o at_o sea_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la and_o common_o country_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v cool_a than_o those_o that_o be_v far_o off_o by_o all_o these_o testimony_n it_o seem_v to_o appear_v that_o both_o in_o very_o cold_a region_n and_o very_o hot_a the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a the_o sun_n beam_n be_v not_o able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o sea_n to_o any_o great_a depth_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o diver_n i_o late_o mention_v whether_o he_o can_v discern_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o any_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o he_o can_v not_o but_o as_o he_o go_v down_o deep_o and_o deep_o so_o he_o find_v it_o dark_a and_o dark_a and_o that_o to_o a_o degree_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v expect_v in_o so_o diaphanous_a a_o body_n as_o water_n be_v 17._o but_o this_o submarine_a cold_a if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o though_o it_o be_v great_a and_o considerable_a be_v not_o so_o intense_a as_o to_o entitle_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la since_o as_o cold_a as_o our_o divers_a find_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v not_o find_v it_o cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v the_o water_n there_o as_o the_o air_n often_o do_v at_o the_o top._n 18._o the_o next_o opinion_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o stoic_n of_o old_a and_o adopt_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o modern_a philosopher_n that_o be_v not_o peripatetic_n who_o assert_v the_o air_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o be_v ere_o long_o more_o particular_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n we_o will_v reserve_v till_o then_o to_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n or_o not_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o shall_v here_o take_v leave_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n with_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n think_v the_o air_n so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o element_n that_o they_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o hot_a one_o because_o i_o confel_n their_o opinion_n be_v not_o i_o not_o to_o represent_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n nor_o that_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o philosopher_n the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o make_v incomparable_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v always_o hot_a and_o the_o low_a region_n be_v so_o too_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o middle_n though_o the_o coldness_n even_o of_o this_o be_v not_o perhaps_o unquestionable_a not_o to_o urge_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n mention_v only_o two_o observation_n 19_o the_o one_o be_v that_o which_o i_o late_o recite_v touch_v the_o great_a coldness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for'tis_o not_o easy_a to_o show_v how_o this_o great_a cold_a proceed_v from_o that_o of_o the_o air_n who_o operation_n seem_v not_o as_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o that_o little_a way_n that_o frost_n pierce_v into_o the_o moist_a earth_n to_o reach_v very_o far_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n insomuch_o that_o captain_n james_n who_o have_v very_o good_a opportunity_n to_o try_v allow_v not_o in_o case_n the_o ice_n be_v not_o make_v by_o accumulation_n that_o the_o frost_n pierce_v above_o two_o yard_n perpendicular_o downward_o from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n even_o in_o the_o cold_a habitable_a region_n and_o this_o will_v seem_v the_o more_o rational_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v constant_o from_o the_o air_n as_o such_o the_o cold_a will_v be_v great_a near_o the_o surface_n where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n then_o in_o the_o part_n remote_a from_o it_o and_o yet_o the_o contrary_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o passage_n late_o recite_v 20._o but_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o at_o best_a can_v prove_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la notwithstanding_o which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o answer_v i_o must_v proceed_v to_o my_o second_o argument_n which_o will_v perhaps_o evince_v that_o it_o be_v not_o that_o neither_o for_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o argue_v by_o which_o those_o i_o be_o now_o deal_v with_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v the_o cold_a body_n in_o the_o world_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o their_o grand_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o remember_v their_o only_a considerable_a argument_n be_v draw_v from_o experience_n which_o show_v that_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n where_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o this_o vulgar_a experiment_n i_o oppose_v that_o of_o i_o which_o i_o have_v often_o mention_v already_o to_o other_o purpose_n that_o by_o a_o application_n of_o salt_n and_o snow_n i_o can_v make_v water_n that_o will_v else_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n or_o at_o any_o side_n i_o please_v and_o that_o much_o soon_o than_o the_o common_a air_n even_o in_o a_o sharp_a frosty_a night_n will_v be_v able_a to_o congeal_v it_o and_o when_o in_o exceed_v cold_a weather_n the_o ambient_fw-la nocturnal_a air_n have_v reduce_v a_o parcel_n of_o air_n purposely_o include_v in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n to_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o condensation_n as_o it_o can_v i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o by_o the_o external_n application_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v able_a to_o condense_a it_o much_o far_o which_o argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n as_o such_o but_o some_o adventitious_a frigorifick_a corpuscle_n take_v that_o term_n as_o i_o do_v in_o this_o treatise_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n that_o may_v sometime_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o which_o produce_v the_o notable_a degree_n of_o
nitre_n alone_o without_o speak_v of_o either_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o other_o place_n not_o only_o his_o word_n seem_v to_o import_v that_o contentam_fw-la notwithstanding_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o other_o ingredient_n the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n expire_a out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o water_n be_v they_o that_o make_v it_o freeze_v but_o the_o exigence_n of_o his_o discourse_n seem_v to_o require_v such_o a_o interpretation_n for_o to_o say_v it_o be_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o ice_n or_o snow_n that_o freeze_v the_o water_n they_o invade_v be_v no_o better_a than_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o beside_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n lodge_v in_o snow_n and_o ice_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v since_o these_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v water_n before_o they_o be_v congeal_v to_o grant_v what_o his_o explication_n suppose_v about_o ice_n and_o snow_n be_v to_o grant_v in_o effect_n that_o nitre_n alone_o without_o ice_n or_o snow_n can_v turn_v water_n into_o ice_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o experience_n warrant_v we_o late_o to_o deny_v and_o if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o experiment_n the_o mix_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o ice_n or_o the_o snow_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a to_o evince_v what_o shall_v be_v prove_v for_o if_o instead_o of_o nitre_n you_o take_v sea-salt_n or_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nay_o the_o inflammable_a part_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v and_o yet_o i_o think_v gassendus_fw-la will_v not_o have_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o these_o body_n to_o be_v frigorifick_a like_o those_o of_o nitre_n which_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n which_o be_v employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v add_v as_o a_o distinct_a ingredient_n to_o the_o ice_n or_o to_o the_o snow_n be_v the_o efficient_n of_o the_o congelation_n 25._o have_v thus_o examine_v gassendus_fw-la he_o experiment_n we_o will_v now_o as_o our_o next_o and_o last_o argument_n touch_v this_o subject_n subjoin_v our_o own_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o our_o note_n some_o of_o which_o follow_v in_o these_o word_n 26._o as_o cold_a as_o they_o think_v salt-petre_a to_o be_v who_o teach_v its_o spirituous_a part_n to_o be_v the_o grand_a and_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v ice_n ready_o enough_o as_o well_o as_o sea-salt_n etc._n etc._n be_v wont_a to_o do_v as_o we_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o roch_v petre_n mingle_v with_o ice_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n wander_v in_o the_o air_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o single_a vial_n wherein_o we_o make_v the_o experiment_n which_o the_o ice_n alone_o will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o have_v place_v some_o 〈◊〉_d sie_a beat_a nitre_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n in_o little_a heap_n here_o and_o there_o upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n we_o manifest_o find_v they_o to_o sink_v into_o the_o ice_n which_o argue_v their_o dissolve_v it_o and_o have_v put_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o a_o thick_a and_o smooth_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o find_v that_o it_o have_v 〈◊〉_d a_o hole_n quite_o through_o it_o while_o the_o surround_v part_n of_o the_o ice_n remain_v of_o a_o good_a thickness_n 27._o we_o take_v a_o large_a single_a vial_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o as_o much_o roch_v petre_n as_o by_o keep_v it_o a_o good_a while_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n we_o can_v dissolve_v in_o it_o of_o which_o one_o mark_n be_v that_o there_o remain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o salt_n entire_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n this_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n during_o a_o extreme_o sharp_a night_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o day_n the_o solution_n be_v 〈◊〉_d so_o hard_o to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v break_v the_o glass_n we_o can_v hardly_o break_v the_o include_v mass_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n there_o 〈◊〉_d pear_v some_o liquor_n with_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n well_o figure_v that_o seem_v to_o have_v shoot_v in_o it_o and_o argue_v the_o water_n to_o be_v sufficient_o impreguate_v with_o the_o salt_n 28._o as_o for_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o nitre_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o their_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a can_v be_v judge_v by_o distillation_n and_o by_o weather-glass_n they_o be_v not_o actual_o more_o cold_a than_o some_o other_o liquor_n and_o appear_v rather_o to_o be_v potential_o 〈◊〉_d then_o cold_a at_o least_o they_o seem_v indispose_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n since_o we_o have_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n will_v ready_o enough_o turn_v ice_n into_o water_n 29._o these_o three_o forego_v 〈◊〉_d show_v that_o salt-petre_a be_v no_o such_o 〈◊〉_d derful_o cold_a body_n but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v other_o cold_a as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v water_n which_o nitre_n can_v not_o congeal_v nay_o they_o manifest_a that_o nitre_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient_a of_o ice_n do_v thaw_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o so_o seem_v at_o least_o in_o reference_n to_o it_o to_o be_v rather_o hot_a then_o cold_a 30._o i_o shall_v now_o add_v one_o note_n more_o to_o show_v it_o do_v not_o always_o make_v water_n so_o much_o as_o equal_o cold_a with_o the_o common_a air_n the_o experiment_n i_o find_v thus_o record_v 31._o we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n 1._o and_o by_o a_o little_a pulley_n fasten_v to_o a_o frame_n suspend_v it_o in_o a_o solution_n of_o roch'd-petre_n as_o strong_a as_o we_o can_v make_v it_o without_o heat_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o have_v continue_v some_o day_n undissolved_a in_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o beer-glass_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n after_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n have_v be_v suspend_v in_o this_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n cold_o than_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v a_o cloudy_a and_o windy_a day_n and_o betwixt_o the_o hour_n of_o 11._o and_o 12._o though_o both_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o it_o have_v stand_v some_o day_n in_o the_o same_o place_n i_o lift_v up_o the_o glass_n out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o string_n it_o hang_v by_o that_o i_o may_v not_o touch_v it_o with_o my_o warm_a hand_n and_o find_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o descend_v by_o degree_n about_o two_o division_n which_o be_v eight_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o by_o the_o string_n lift_v up_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o put_v again_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n under_o it_o the_o include_v liquor_n be_v impel_v up_o again_o two_o division_n and_o sometime_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o the_o more_o full_o i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n several_a time_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o include_v liquor_n usual_o ascend_v the_o first_o division_n so_o fast_o that_o the_o eye_n can_v perceive_v its_o progress_n and_o that_o the_o ascent_n upon_o the_o immersion_n in_o the_o dissolve_v nitre_n be_v discernable_o quick_a than_o the_o descent_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n into_o the_o open_a air_n though_o the_o space_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o be_v about_o either_o two_o division_n or_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a 32._o if_o it_o be_v here_o demand_v what_o then_o i_o think_v of_o the_o frigifactive_a virtue_n of_o nitre_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o full_o satisfy_v myself_o concern_v it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o deny_v that_o among_o divers_a other_o body_n that_o upon_o several_a occasion_n exhale_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n those_o corpuscle_n that_o be_v of_o a_o nitrous_a nature_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n well_o qualify_v to_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n and_o i_o be_o not_o indispose_v to_o think_v that_o there_o may_v be_v store_n of_o little_a saline_a body_n of_o kin_n to_o nitre_n that_o especial_o at_o certain_a time_n 〈◊〉_d in_o great_a multitude_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o that_o this_o aerial_a salt_n which_o some_o modern_n call_v volatile_a nitre_n shall_v be_v true_a and_o perfect_a salt-petre_a be_v more_o than_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o and_o that_o this_o salt_n alone_o shall_v be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v more_o than_o as_o yet_o i_o be_o convince_v of_o especial_o since_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o have_v see_v many_o concretes_n dig_v out_o who_o very_a name_n and_o
outside_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a even_o to_o chemist_n themselves_o divers_a other_o body_n beside_o salt-petre_a who_o steam_n may_v have_v a_o power_n of_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n as_o great_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o quantity_n as_o those_o of_o salt-petre_a and_o since_o common_a salt_n in_o artificial_a glaciation_n be_v find_v to_o cooperate_v as_o powerful_o as_o salt-petre_a itself_o and_o since_o it_o be_v undeniable_o a_o body_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o abound_v be_v exceed_o diffuse_v i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o aswell_o esteem_v that_o kind_n of_o salt_n among_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o small_a corpuscle_n our_o eye_n discern_v of_o sea-salt_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v though_o not_o exact_o of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o figure_n philoponus_n inform_v we_o the_o great_a democritus_n of_o old_a just_o admire_v by_o gassendus_fw-la assign_v to_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a whereas_o according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la himself_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n at_o least_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o be_v not_o the_o most_o convenient_o shape_v to_o produce_v cold_a since_o he_o labour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n be_v to_o be_v tetrahedrical_a or_o pyramidal_a whereas_o the_o crystal_n or_o grain_n great_a or_o small_a into_o which_o good_a salt-petre_a shoot_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v prismatical_a have_v their_o base_a sexangular_a but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o congeal_a of_o water_n with_o ice_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n countenance_n my_o conjecture_v that_o oftentimes_o it_o may_v not_o be_v emanation_n of_o one_o salt_n or_o other_o body_n but_o a_o peculiar_a and_o lucky_a conjunction_n of_o those_o of_o two_o or_o more_o sort_n of_o they_o that_o produce_v the_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o we_o see_v that_o ice_n and_o snow_n themselves_o have_v their_o coldness_n advance_v as_o to_o its_o effect_n by_o the_o mixture_n either_o of_o sea-salt_n or_o nitre_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o any_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n nay_o i_o may_v elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o show_v that_o actual_a cold_a may_v be_v manifest_o promote_v if_o not_o generate_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o body_n that_o be_v not_o actual_o cold._a but_o to_o all_o this_o i_o must_v add_v that_o i_o doubt_v whether_o any_o of_o those_o saline_a or_o terrestrial_a expiration_n either_o single_a or_o conjoin_v be_v the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o cold_a since_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v other_o way_n of_o produce_v it_o beside_o the_o introduction_n of_o frigorifick_a whether_o atom_n or_o corpuscle_n of_o which_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o take_v some_o notice_n hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v discourse_v thus_o long_o against_o the_o admit_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n once_o more_o that_o my_o design_n in_o play_v the_o sceptic_a on_o this_o subject_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o reject_v other_o man_n probable_a opinion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la as_o absolute_o false_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o doubtful_a title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a section_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o yet_o i_o can_v ready_o yield_v my_o assent_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o who_o have_v write_v before_o and_o since_o he_o that_o the_o air_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a that_o be_v neither_o cold_a nor_o hot_a but_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v make_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o by_o external_a agent_n for_o if_o we_o take_v cold_a in_o the_o obvious_a and_o receive_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n that_o be_v for_o a_o quality_n relative_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o man_n who_o organ_n be_v in_o a_o good_a or_o middle_a temper_n in_o reference_n to_o cold_a and_o heat_n 〈◊〉_d be_o hitherto_o inclinable_a to_o think_v that_o we_o may_v rather_o attribute_v coldness_n to_o the_o air_n than_o either_o heat_n or_o a_o perfect_a neutrality_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o to_o make_v a_o body_n cold_a as_o to_o sense_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v sufficient_a that_o its_o minute_n corpuscle_n do_v less_o agitate_v the_o small_a part_n of_o our_o organ_n of_o feel_v than_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o fluid_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o consequent_o if_o suppose_v the_o air_n devoid_a of_o those_o calorifick_a and_o frigorifick_a atom_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a man_n i_o be_v name_v ascribe_v its_o heat_n and_o cold_a it_o will_v constitute_v a_o fluid_a which_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o minuteness_n of_o its_o part_n or_o their_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_o vehement_a motion_n will_v less_o affect_v the_o sensory_a of_o feel_v than_o the_o internal_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o body_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o so_o it_o will_v appear_v actual_o cold_a nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o all_o liquor_n much_o less_o all_o fluid_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o agitate_a as_o the_o blood_n and_o vital_a humour_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n as_o we_o see_v to_o omit_v what_o in_o the_o last_o section_n be_v mention_v about_o new_o emit_v urine_n and_o to_o skip_v other_o obvious_a instance_n in_o those_o fish_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o blood_n and_o analogous_a juice_n be_v always_o and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n which_o pass_v for_o their_o natural_a state_n actual_o cold_a to_o our_o touch._n and_o i_o see_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o conceive_v the_o air_n even_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n at_o least_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o natural_a state_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n of_o cold_a fluid_n for_o as_o to_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o namely_o that_o as_o we_o see_v the_o air_n to_o be_v easy_o heat_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n so_o we_o see_v it_o as_o easy_o refrigerated_a by_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o northerly_a wind_n and_o other_o efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o that_o heat_n and_o cold_a reign_n in_o it_o by_o turn_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n this_o only_o prove_v what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o air_n be_v easy_o susceptible_a at_o several_a time_n of_o both_o these_o contrary_a quality_n but_o it_o do_v not_o show_v that_o one_o be_v not_o more_o connatural_a to_o it_o than_o the_o other_o as_o we_o see_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v easy_o deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o reduce_v to_o be_v fluid_a again_o by_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n and_o yet_o according_a to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o fluidity_n not_o firmness_n be_v the_o natural_a quality_n of_o water_n but_o this_o be_v not_o that_o which_o i_o lie_v most_o weight_n upon_o for_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v manifest_a and_o acknowledge_v by_o these_o learned_a man_n themselves_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v adventitious_a to_o it_o and_o communicate_v by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o fire_n or_o by_o some_o other_o agent_n natural_o productive_a of_o heat_n as_o well_o in_o other_o body_n as_o the_o air_n and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o upon_o the_o bare_a absence_n for_o aught_o else_o that_o appear_v of_o the_o sun_n or_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o removal_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o heat_n the_o air_n will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n be_v reduce_v to_o coldness_n whereas_o that_o there_o be_v swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n from_o which_o all_o its_o coldness_n proceed_v be_v but_o a_o hypothesis_n of_o their_o own_o far_o from_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o and_o not_o hitherto_o that_o i_o know_v of_o prove_v by_o any_o fit_a experiment_n or_o cogent_a reason_n and_o though_o in_o some_o case_n i_o be_o not_o adverse_a to_o the_o admit_v such_o corpuscle_n as_o may_v in_o a_o sense_n be_v style_v frigorifick_a yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o they_o in_o case_n where_o such_o a_o bare_a cessation_n or_o lessen_v of_o former_a motion_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v ascribe_v to_o manifest_a cause_n may_v serve_v the_o turn_n as_o to_o a_o sensible_a for_o
to_o treat_v in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n in_o general_a and_o much_o more_o to_o examine_v the_o several_a cause_n of_o wind_n that_o be_v assign_v by_o several_a author_n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o have_v once_o give_v this_o intimation_n that_o divers_a of_o these_o opinion_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o reconcile_v than_o the_o maintainer_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v think_v to_o the_o truth_n if_o not_o to_o one_o another_o the_o cause_n that_o may_v produce_v wind_n be_v so_o various_a that_o many_o of_o those_o propose_v may_v each_o of_o they_o in_o some_o case_n be_v true_a though_o none_o of_o they_o in_o all_o case_n be_v sufficient_a have_v hint_v this_o i_o say_v it_o may_v suffice_v on_o this_o occasion_n to_o subjoin_v three_o or_o four_o observation_n to_o prove_v and_o illustrate_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n deliver_v in_o the_o proposition_n and_o first_o it_o be_v a_o know_a observation_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o northerly_a and_o 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to_o wheel_v about_o or_o recoil_v hither_o before_o it_o have_v lose_v the_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o refrigerate_a corpuscle_n it_o consist_v of_o before_o the_o former_o mention_v prosper_v alpinus_n attribute_n strange_a thing_n to_o the_o northerly_a wind_n that_o blow_v in_o egypt_n as_o to_o the_o cool_a and_o refresh_v the_o air_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o violent_a 〈◊〉_d that_o will_v otherwise_o be_v 〈◊〉_d and_o many_o in_o egypt_n 18._o ascribe_v to_o the_o aetesian_a wind_n that_o almost_o miraculous_a cease_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cairo_n of_o which_o we_o elsewhere_o speak_v dominatur_fw-la autem_fw-la aer_fw-la 6._o say_v he_o summè_fw-la calidus_fw-la ipsius_fw-la caeli_fw-la ut_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la quod_fw-la haec_fw-la civitas_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tropico_fw-la cancri_fw-la tantum_fw-la 6._o gradibus_fw-la distet_fw-la quâ_fw-la brevi_fw-la intercapedine_a dum_fw-la sol_fw-la ad_fw-la illum_fw-la accedit_fw-la tropicum_fw-la &_o illorum_fw-la zenith_n fit_n propinquior_fw-la aer_fw-la ille_fw-la valdè_fw-la incalescit_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la aetesiae_fw-la venti_fw-la tunc_fw-la à _fw-la septentrione_fw-la spirarent_fw-la vehementissimus_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la vix_fw-la à _fw-la nostris_fw-la perferri_fw-la possit_fw-la caloris_fw-la aestus_fw-la sentiretur_fw-la advenae_fw-la nostri_fw-la iis_fw-la provenientibus_fw-la ad_fw-la 11._o subterranea_fw-la loca_fw-la confugiunt_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la morantur_fw-la quousque_fw-la ille_fw-la ventorum_fw-la ardour_n residerit_fw-la atque_fw-la cessaverit_fw-la conjunxit_fw-la haec_fw-la incommoda_fw-la deus_fw-la optimus_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la bonis_fw-la nam_fw-la ubi_fw-la calidissimi_fw-la illi_fw-la venti_fw-la conticuere_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la septentrione_fw-la flare_v alii_fw-la incipiunt_fw-la qui_fw-la subitaneum_fw-la inflammatis_fw-la atque_fw-la laxatis_fw-la corporibus_fw-la solatium_fw-la praestant_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la illi_fw-la diu_fw-la perseveraverint_fw-la nemo_fw-la in_o eâ_fw-la region_fw-la vivere_fw-la possit_fw-la whence_o wind_n shall_v have_v this_o power_n to_o change_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n and_o especial_o to_o bring_v cold_a along_o with_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v determine_v indeed_o the_o other_o quality_n and_o even_o the_o heat_n that_o be_v observable_a in_o wind_n may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v probable_o enough_o derive_v from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v of_o this_o we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o example_n or_o two_o in_o the_o passage_n late_o mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o what_o acosta_n say_v that_o he_o himself_o see_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n namely_o that_o the_o iron_n grate_v be_v so_o rust_v and_o 9_o consume_v by_o a_o peculiar_a wind_n that_o press_v the_o metal_n between_o your_o finger_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o crumble_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v hay_n or_o 〈◊〉_d straw_n and_o this_o learned_a traveller_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v take_v peculiar_a notice_n of_o the_o wind_n afford_v we_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o book_n several_a example_n to_o confirm_v what_o we_o be_v say_v though_o he_o take_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o region_n along_o which_o the_o wind_n blow_v to_o be_v alone_o in_o all_o case_n a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o which_o yet_o we_o shall_v now_o mention_v but_o these_o two_o memorable_a passage_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n 120._o say_v he_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o one_o wind_n many_o diversity_n for_o example_n the_o solanus_fw-la or_o eastern_a wind_n be_v common_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a in_o spain_n and_o in_o murria_n it_o be_v the_o cold_a and_o healthfull_a that_o be_v for_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o orchard_n and_o that_o large_a champiane_n which_o we_o see_v very_o fresh_a in_o carthagene_n which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v troublesome_a and_o unwholesome_a the_o meridiâ—nal_n which_o they_o of_o the_o ocean_n call_v south_n and_o those_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n mezo_n giorno_n common_o be_v rainy_a and_o boisterous_a and_o in_o the_o same_o city_n whereof_o i_o speak_v it_o be_v wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a and_o in_o his_o description_n of_o peru_n speak_v of_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n cap._n he_o affirm_v that_o this_o wind_n yet_o in_o this_o region_n be_v marvellous_a please_a but_o though_o as_o we_o be_v say_v many_o other_o quality_n of_o wind_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v and_o though_o the_o heat_n also_o which_o prosper_v alpinus_n as_o we_o late_o take_v notice_n attribute_n to_o the_o southerly_a wind_n that_o blow_n in_o egypt_n may_v be_v probable_o ascribe_v to_o the_o heat_a exhalation_n and_o vapour_n they_o bring_v from_o the_o southern_a and_o parch_a region_n they_o blow_v over_o yet_o 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in_o the_o room_n where_o the_o experiment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v that_o it_o may_v receive_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n in_o that_o chamber_n then_o place_v upon_o a_o board_n one_o of_o those_o flat_a bottom_v weather-glass_n that_o i_o elsewhere_o describe_v to_o contain_v a_o movable_a drop_n of_o pendulous_a water_n by_o blow_v at_o several_a time_n with_o intermission_n upon_o the_o bubble_n or_o low_a end_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n though_o the_o wind_n blow_v against_o my_o hand_n be_v as_o to_o sense_n very_o manifest_o cold_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o cool_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n but_o rather_o a_o little_a warm_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o a_o small_a but_o sensible_a ascension_n of_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n each_o time_n that_o after_o some_o interpose_a rest_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v blow_v upon_o which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o small_a alteration_n towards_o warmth_n that_o the_o air_n receive_v by_o its_o stay_n though_o short_a in_o the_o bellows_o as_o seem_v deducible_a from_o hence_o that_o if_o by_o close_o cover_v the_o clack_n the_o matter_n be_v so_o order_v
may_v be_v very_o warrantable_o question_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o water_n we_o expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o large_a vessel_n that_o the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o surface_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o air_n and_o thence_o as_o the_o cold_a continue_v to_o prevail_v the_o ice_n increase_v and_o thicken_v downward_o and_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o frog_n retire_v themselves_o in_o frosty_a weather_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o ditch_n whence_o i_o have_v have_v many_o of_o they_o take_v out_o very_o brisk_a and_o vigorous_a from_o under_o the_o thick_a ice_n that_o cover_v the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o observe_a person_n that_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o winter_n for_o shoal_n of_o fish_n to_o retire_v to_o those_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o not_o of_o river_n also_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o summer_n beside_o if_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v at_o the_o 〈◊〉_d we_o must_v very_o frequent_o meet_v in_o the_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n the_o shape_n of_o those_o irregular_a cavity_n and_o protuberance_n that_o be_v often_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o uneven_a soil_n over_o which_o river_n take_v their_o course_n whereas_o general_o those_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v flat_a as_o those_o flake_n that_o be_v generate_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n moreover_o if_o even_o deep_a river_n freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n why_o shall_v not_o very_o many_o spring_n and_o wells_n 〈◊〉_d first_o at_o the_o bottom_n too_o the_o contrary_a of_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v obvious_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o confirmation_n of_o all_o which_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o what_o we_o former_o note_v in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la about_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o french_a salt-work_n who_o by_o overflow_a the_o bank_n and_o causeways_n all_o the_o winter_n keep_v they_o from_o be_v spoil_v by_o the_o srost_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o water_n they_o stand_v under_o freeze_v as_o well_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top._n but_o i_o find_v that_o that_o which_o deceive_v our_o watermen_n be_v that_o they_o often_o observe_v flake_n of_o ice_n to_o ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o rivers_n to_o the_o top_n and_o indeed_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o after_o the_o hard_a frost_n have_v continue_v a_o while_n these_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o freeze_a over_o of_o rivers_n for_o come_v in_o some_o of_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o they_o to_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o superficial_a ice_n that_o reach_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o river_n a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o bank_n towards_o the_o middle_n those_o flat_a icy_a body_n be_v easy_o cement_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n to_o one_o another_o and_o by_o degree_n straighten_n and_o at_o length_n choke_v up_o the_o passage_n they_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o other_o flake_n of_o ice_n that_o either_o emerge_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o loosen_v from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n or_o carry_v down_o the_o stream_n towards_o they_o and_o these_o be_v also_o by_o the_o same_o cold_a cement_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o river_n be_v at_o length_n quite_o freeze_v over_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o so_o many_o flake_n of_o ice_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o along_o near_o the_o bank_n either_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n or_o some_o of_o those_o many_o casualty_n that_o may_v perform_v such_o a_o thing_n do_v by_o thaw_v the_o ground_n or_o otherwise_o loosen_v many_o piece_n of_o that_o ice_n together_o with_o the_o earth_n stone_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o adhere_v to_o from_o the_o more_o stable_a part_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o these_o heavy_a body_n do_v by_o their_o weight_n carry_v down_o with_o they_o the_o ice_n they_o be_v fasten_v to_o but_o then_o the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n be_v warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n since_o that_o even_o common_a water_n be_v so_o we_o have_v ice_n manifest_v by_o experience_n where_o we_o show_v how_o much_o soon_o ice_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n then_o thaw_v in_o air_n the_o disperse_a ice_n be_v by_o degree_n so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o those_o part_n by_o which_o it_o hold_v to_o the_o stone_n earth_n or_o other_o heavy_a body_n be_v resolve_v the_o remain_a ice_n be_v much_o light_a bulk_n for_o bulk_n than_o water_n get_v loose_a and_o straightway_o emerge_n and_o may_v perhaps_o carry_v up_o with_o it_o divers_a stone_n and_o clod_n of_o earth_n that_o may_v yet_o happen_v to_o stick_v to_o it_o or_o be_v enclose_v in_o it_o the_o sight_n of_o which_o persuade_v the_o waterman_n that_o the_o flake_n of_o ice_n be_v generate_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n whereas_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o ice_n may_v carry_v up_o and_o support_v body_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d in_o case_n the_o ice_n itself_o be_v proportionable_o great_a so_o that_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o ice_n and_o heavy_a body_n 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n on_o which_o occasion_n i_o remember_v that_o captain_n james_n hall_n in_o a_o voyage_n extant_a in_o purchas_n relate_v that_o upon_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o sea_n they_o find_v a_o great_a stone_n which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v three_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n but_o of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o watermen_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o this_o have_v be_v discourse_v but_o upon_o no_o great_a information_n though_o the_o best_a we_o can_v procure_v so_o that_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n it_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v that_o either_o by_o send_v down_o a_o diver_n or_o by_o let_v down_o some_o instrument_n fit_a to_o feel_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v the_o bottom_n of_o river_n with_o and_o to_o try_v whether_o ice_n if_o it_o meet_v with_o any_o be_v loose_a from_o or_o uniform_o coherent_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o also_o bring_v up_o parcel_n of_o whatever_o stuff_n it_o meet_v with_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o competent_a experiment_n put_v out_o of_o doubt_n we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o not_o above_o 10._o inch_n long_o in_o all_o yet_o sensible_a enough_o and_o have_v cause_v a_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o box_n just_a wide_a enough_o for_o the_o small_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o be_v thrust_v in_o at_o we_o invert_v the_o thermometer_n so_o that_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o rest_v upon_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o box_n and_o the_o pipe_n point_v direct_o downward_o than_o we_o place_v about_o the_o ball_n a_o little_a beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v whether_o according_a to_o our_o expectation_n the_o tinct_a spirit_n that_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o thereabouts_o will_v be_v retract_v upon_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o ball_n and_o according_o the_o spirit_n do_v in_o very_o few_o minute_n ascend_v in_o that_o short_a pipe_n above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o a_o mark_n whereby_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o former_a station_n and_o will_v perhaps_o have_v ascend_v much_o more_o if_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n have_v be_v continue_v by_o which_o and_o another_o succeed_a experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold_a be_v not_o always_o effect_v by_o their_o proper_a gravity_n only_o which_o ordinary_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o part_n fall_v close_o together_o but_o whether_o in_o our_o case_n the_o contraction_n be_v assist_v by_o some_o little_a tenacity_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o little_a aerial_a or_o other_o spirituous_a and_o elastic_a particle_n from_o which_o the_o instrument_n be_v not_o perfect_o free_v when_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o or_o which_o happen_v to_o be_v generate_v within_o it_o afterward_o will_v be_v among_o orhe_a thing_n more_o proper_o inquire_v into_o in_o another_o place_n where_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o experiment_n there_o be_v a_o famous_a tradition_n that_o in_o muscovy_n and_o some_o other_o cold_a country_n it_o be_v usual_a out_o of_o pond_n and_o river_n to_o take_v up_o good_a number_n of_o swallow_n enclose_v in_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o the_o benumb_v bird_n upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n in_o a_o warm_a room_n will_v come_v to_o
access_n to_o the_o air_n be_v that_o which_o destroy_v fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n i_o think_v upon_o this_o epedient_a i_o procure_v a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o a_o large_a belly_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n but_o so_o slender_a that_o it_o be_v only_o wide_a enough_o for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fish_n to_o pass_v through_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o some_o live_v gudgeon_n and_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o water_n the_o neck_n of_o it_o be_v make_v to_o pass_v through_o a_o hole_n that_o be_v leave_v or_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o metalline_a plate_n or_o wooden_a trencher_n which_o can_v descend_v no_o low_a than_o the_o neck_n because_o of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o and_o which_o serve_v to_o support_v a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v apply_v round_o about_o the_o extant_a neck_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o contrivance_n i_o propose_v to_o myself_o a_o double_a advantage_n the_o first_o that_o whereas_o in_o broad_a vessel_n it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o easy_a as_o one_o will_v think_v to_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v quite_o freeze_v over_o in_o every_o part_n by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v easy_o satisfy_v myself_o by_o invert_v the_o glass_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o ice_n have_v so_o exact_o choke_v up_o and_o stop_v the_o neck_n that_o no_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v get_v out_o not_o any_o bubble_n of_o air_n get_v in_o and_o yet_o the_o fish_n have_v liberty_n enough_o to_o play_v in_o the_o subjacent_a water_n the_o other_o conveniency_n be_v that_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o neck_n no_o water_n be_v congeal_v or_o extreme_o refrigerated_a but_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o neck_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v no_o cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o in_o case_n the_o fish_n thus_o debar_v of_o air_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o live_v in_o the_o water_n it_o be_v rather_o cold_a then_o want_v of_o air_n that_o kill_v they_o but_o though_o not_o have_v then_o be_v able_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o remove_n to_o prosecute_v these_o trial_n to_o the_o utmost_a nor_o to_o register_v all_o the_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v not_o lay_v much_o weight_n upon_o it_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o include_v fish_n continue_v long_o enough_o alive_a to_o make_v i_o shrewd_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o vulgar_a tradition_n another_o time_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o such_o glass_n i_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fish_n to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o broad_a and_o flat_a earthen_a vessel_n with_o not_o much_o more_o water_n then_o suffice_v perfect_o to_o cover_v they_o and_o have_v expose_v they_o all_o night_n to_o a_o very_a intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o some_o hour_n after_o day_n they_o be_v alive_a and_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v much_o prejudice_v by_o the_o cold_a or_o exclusion_n of_o air._n it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a large_a movable_a bubble_n under_o the_o ice_n but_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o air_n or_o some_o analogous_n substance_n emit_v out_o of_o the_o gills_o or_o body_n of_o the_o fish_n themselves_o for_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v exact_o freeze_v over_o which_o do_v not_o in_o such_o trial_n happen_v so_o often_o as_o one_o will_v think_v i_o find_v by_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o vessel_n quite_o invert_v without_o lose_v one_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o that_o this_o large_a bubble_n may_v possible_o proceed_v from_o the_o fish_n themselves_o i_o be_v induce_v to_o suspect_v because_o have_v at_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o divers_a purpose_n keep_v several_a sort_n of_o fish_n and_o particular_o gudgeon_n for_o many_o day_n in_o glass_n vessel_n to_o satisfy_v myself_o about_o some_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o observe_v i_o have_v often_o by_o watch_v they_o see_v they_o lift_v up_o their_o mouth_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o seem_v to_o gape_v and_o take_v in_o air_n and_o afterward_o let_v go_v under_o water_n out_o of_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o divers_a bubble_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v portion_n of_o the_o air_n they_o have_v take_v in_o perhaps_o a_o little_a alter_v in_o their_o body_n and_o particular_o in_o lamprey_n of_o which_o odd_a sort_n of_o fish_n i_o elsewhere_o make_v mention_n i_o have_v with_o pleasure_n both_o observe_v and_o show_v to_o ingenious_a man_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n and_o then_o hold_v under_o water_n again_o they_o very_o manifest_o appear_v to_o squeeze_v out_o and_o that_o not_o without_o some_o force_n at_o those_o several_a little_a hole_n which_o be_v common_o mistake_v for_o their_o eye_n numerous_a and_o conspicuous_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v take_v in_o at_o their_o mouth_n if_o not_o also_o at_o those_o hole_n but_o of_o these_o matter_n a_o fit_a occasion_n may_v perhaps_o invite_v i_o to_o say_v more_o to_o return_v now_o to_o our_o gudgeon_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o further_o what_o cold_a and_o want_n of_o air_n they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o support_v i_o expose_v a_o couple_n of_o they_o in_o a_o basin_n to_o a_o exceed_o bitter_a night_n and_o though_o the_o next_o day_n i_o find_v the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o vessel_n to_o a_o great_a thickness_n and_o one_o of_o the_o fish_n freeze_v up_o in_o it_o there_o remain_v a_o little_a water_n unfrozen_a the_o other_o fish_n appear_v through_o the_o ice_n to_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v afterward_o partly_o thaw_v and_o partly_o break_v not_o only_o that_o fish_n be_v find_v lively_a enough_o but_o the_o other_o which_o i_o alone_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v quite_o dead_a though_o when_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v it_o lay_v moveless_a do_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n so_o far_o recover_v as_o to_o tow_v after_o it_o if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v a_o good_a piece_n into_o which_o his_o tail_n remain_v yet_o insert_v and_o though_o one_o of_o these_o and_o some_o other_o gudgeon_n that_o have_v be_v already_o weaken_v by_o long_a keep_n be_v once_o more_o expose_v in_o the_o basin_n to_o the_o frost_n and_o suffer_v to_o lie_v there_o till_o they_o be_v freeze_v up_o yet_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v in_o which_o they_o be_v enclose_v though_o their_o body_n be_v stiff_a and_o crooked_a and_o seem_v to_o be_v stark_o dead_a lie_v in_o the_o water_n with_o their_o belly_n upward_o yet_o one_o of_o they_o quick_o recover_v and_o the_o other_o not_o very_o long_o after_o begin_v to_o show_v manifest_a sign_n of_o life_n though_o he_o can_v not_o in_o many_o hour_n after_o so_o far_o recover_v as_o to_o swim_v with_o his_o back_n upward_o it_o be_v true_a that_o these_o fish_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v but_o of_o that_o two_o or_o three_o not_o improbable_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o name_n here_o any_o other_o than_o this_o that_o the_o ice_n they_o have_v be_v freeze_v up_o in_o or_o the_o violence_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o by_o the_o fragment_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v break_v have_v wound_v they_o as_o be_v manifest_a enough_o by_o some_o hurt_n that_o appear_v upon_o their_o body_n yet_o some_o other_o gudgeon_n be_v irrecoverable_o freeze_v to_o death_n by_o be_v keep_v enclose_v in_o ice_n during_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o the_o time_n three_o day_n and_o as_o for_o other_o animal_n i_o cause_v a_o couple_n of_o frog_n to_o be_v artificial_o freeze_v in_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o water_n but_o though_o they_o seem_v at_o first_o enclose_v in_o ice_n yet_o look_v near_o i_o find_v that_o about_o each_o of_o they_o there_o remain_v a_o little_a turbid_v liquor_n unfrozen_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v so_o by_o some_o expiration_n from_o their_o body_n wherefore_o cause_v either_o the_o same_o or_o two_o other_o for_o i_o do_v not_o punctual_o remember_v that_o circumstance_n to_o be_v careful_o freeze_v and_o for_o a_o considerable_a while_n i_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o ice_n into_o which_o most_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v reduce_v not_o only_o one_o of_o they_o before_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v appear_v to_o be_v perfect_o alive_a but_o the_o other_o that_o be_v moveless_a and_o stiff_a and_o lie_v with_o the_o belly_n upward_o in_o a_o basin_n of_o cold_a water_n whereinto_o it_o be_v cast_v do_v in_o a_o very_a few_o minute_n begin_v to_o swim_v about_o in_o it_o i_o
another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o congelation_n as_o by_o distillation_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o ordinary_a frost_n of_o this_o country_n can_v produce_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o division_n and_o separation_n in_o body_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o though_o have_v purposely_o hang_v out_o a_o glass-bottle_n with_o a_o quart_n of_o beer_n in_o it_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o sharp_a night_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beer_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o near_o the_o middle_n but_o near_o the_o bottom_n a_o uncongealed_a liquor_n which_o to_o i_o and_o other_o seem_v strong_a than_o the_o beer_n and_o be_v at_o least_o manifest_o strong_a than_o the_o thaw_a ice_n which_o make_v but_o a_o spiritless_a and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o dead_a drink_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o trial_n my_o success_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o some_o will_v have_v expect_v for_o have_v put_v one_o part_n of_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o about_o five_o or_o six_o part_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o common_a water_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n and_o place_v that_o in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o mixture_n be_v in_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o ice_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o even_o two_o liquor_n so_o slight_o mingle_v be_v any_o thing_n accurate_o sever_v from_o one_o another_o although_o once_o to_o enable_v myself_o the_o better_a to_o judge_v of_o it_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o employ_v be_v beforehand_o deep_o tinct_a with_o cochinele_n and_o therefore_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n that_o in_o claret_n wine_n i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o exact_a separation_n of_o the_o red_a and_o the_o colourless_a part_n however_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v how_o far_o in_o some_o other_o liquor_n this_o way_n of_o separate_v the_o waterish_a and_o more_o easy_o congealable_a part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o oleaginous_a part_n of_o milk_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o though_o once_o the_o frost_n seem_v to_o have_v promote_v a_o separation_n of_o creme_a notwithstanding_o that_o heat_n also_o may_v do_v it_o and_o though_o another_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n of_o part_n make_v by_o congelation_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n they_o prove_v not_o satisfactory_a no_o more_o than_o do_v some_o attempt_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o blood_n by_o freeze_a it_o but_o notwithstanding_o these_o discouragement_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o i_o can_v do_v upon_o brine_n for_o call_v to_o mind_n the_o relation_n mention_v in_o the_o xv._n title_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n may_v be_v thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n and_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v it_o worth_a trial_n by_o a_o physician_n i_o since_o happen_v to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o fall_v through_o some_o of_o the_o pure_o aqueous_a part_n exhale_v away_o wherefore_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o common_a salt_n in_o 44._o time_n its_o weight_n of_o common_a water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v either_o exact_o or_o near_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o have_v be_v by_o several_a writer_n observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o our_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o have_v likewise_o cause_v another_o and_o much_o strong_a brine_n to_o be_v make_v by_o put_v in_o to_o the_o water_n a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o salt_n for_o so_o there_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o salt_n spring_v we_o expose_v these_o several_a solution_n to_o the_o congeal_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n where_o the_o last_o mention_v solution_n be_v too_o strong_o impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n continue_v some_o day_n and_o night_n altogether_o uncongeal_v but_o that_o weak_a solution_n which_o emulate_v sea_n water_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o shallow_a and_o wide_o mouth_v vessel_n that_o shape_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o proper_a we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o design_n the_o large_a superficies_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v afford_v we_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n expose_v again_o to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o obtain_v a_o second_o cake_n of_o ice_n and_o take_v the_o remain_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v indispose_v enough_o to_o congelation_n we_o find_v that_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o that_o which_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o first_o cake_n of_o ice_n permit_v to_o thaw_v there_o appear_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o ice_n be_v resolve_v scarce_o taste_v so_o much_o as_o brackish_a whereas_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v continue_v uncongeal_v be_v considerable_o salt_n in_o taste_n and_o if_o i_o have_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o examine_v myself_o these_o two_o liquor_n hydrostatical_o as_o i_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o their_o weight_n i_o shall_v have_v discover_v precise_o enough_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o which_o the_o person_n i_o employ_v find_v to_o be_v considerable_a and_o consequent_o shall_v have_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a towards_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o brine_n from_o its_o superfluous_a water_n but_o though_o i_o have_v not_o a_o quantity_n of_o ice_n great_a enough_o to_o satisfy_v i_o whether_o that_o little_a brackishness_n of_o taste_n i_o have_v mention_v proceed_v from_o some_o saline_a corpuscle_n that_o concur_v to_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o ice_n itself_o or_o do_v only_o adhere_v
18._o title_n where_o i_o recite_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a wind_n i_o shall_v more_o express_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o circumstance_n that_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a wind_n as_o such_o who_o operation_n upon_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n make_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v we_o put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o height_n it_o stand_v at_o when_o we_o have_v a_o pretty_a while_n blow_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o without_o remove_v the_o bellows_o put_v ice_n and_o salt_n about_o the_o iron_n pipe_n of_o it_o by_o which_o mixture_n the_o air_n that_o be_v afterward_o blow_v through_o that_o pipe_n be_v so_o cool_v in_o its_o passage_n as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n very_o manifest_o to_o ascend_v even_o in_o a_o weatherglass_n where_o i_o do_v employ_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v that_o i_o often_o do_v quicksilver_n instead_o of_o water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o lest_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n shall_v be_v suspect_v to_o have_v cause_v this_o contraction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n we_o do_v sometime_o purposely_o intermit_v the_o move_n of_o the_o bellows_o without_o remove_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o though_o notwithstanding_o that_o vicinity_n the_o liquor_n will_v begin_v a_o little_a to_o subside_o yet_o when_o ever_o the_o cold_a spirit_n or_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o high_o refrigerated_a air_n be_v by_o the_o play_v of_o the_o bellows_o anew_o approach_v to_o or_o rather_o bring_v to_o touch_v in_o swarm_n the_o globular_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o mercury_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o since_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o weather-glass_n i_o shall_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v that_o certain_a circumstance_n may_v also_o vary_v the_o success_n of_o another_o experiment_n somewhat_o of_o kin_n to_o that_o late_o repeat_v about_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n which_o be_v brief_o mention_v not_o far_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o praeliminary_n discourse_n for_o though_o the_o common_a thermometer_n that_o be_v here_o wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o shop_n have_v usual_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o bolthead_n very_o large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o ball_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o that_o place_n say_v to_o be_v weather-glass_n not_o nice_a and_o though_o on_o such_o instrument_n in_o certain_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n intimate_v by_o the_o word_n sometime_o employ_v in_o that_o passage_n the_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o against_o some_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o especial_o at_o the_o beginning_n make_v the_o air_n sensible_o contract_v itself_o and_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v though_o at_o the_o very_a first_o and_o second_o blast_n the_o coldness_n of_o this_o artificial_a wind_n may_v be_v very_o sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n intend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o that_o passage_n yet_o have_v the_o curiosity_n with_o other_o bellows_o at_o another_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o blow_v long_o upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o not_o common_a but_o nice_a weatherglass_n of_o my_o own_o make_n furnish_v with_o a_o pipe_n that_o be_v very_o slender_a i_o divers_a time_n but_o not_o always_o find_v the_o tinct_a liquor_n manifest_o enough_o to_o ascend_v as_o if_o the_o wind_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o compress_v air_n do_v by_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cold_a particle_n in_o the_o same_o room_n more_o affect_v the_o internal_a air_n than_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o calm_a and_o lax_v outward_a air_n do_v before_o which_o disparity_n of_o event_n have_v give_v i_o the_o design_n of_o make_v further_a trial_n with_o differ_v thermoscope_n at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o see_v if_o i_o can_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o some_o certainty_n by_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o contingency_n in_o which_o i_o afterward_o suspect_v that_o some_o light_a degree_n of_o warmth_n or_o coolness_n in_o the_o bellows_o themselves_o which_o as_o be_v unmanife_a to_o the_o sense_n escape_v unheeded_a may_v have_v a_o interest_n when_o i_o be_v about_o some_o of_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o will_v willing_o have_v have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o try_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n in_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v keep_v calm_a by_o be_v shelter_v from_o the_o wind_n not_o by_o inhabit_a building_n but_o by_o some_o wall_n or_o other_o body_n whence_o any_o warm_a effluvium_n be_v least_o to_o be_v expect_v and_o betwixt_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o same_o air_n in_o place_n where_o cold_a wind_n especial_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a do_v free_o and_o strong_o blow_v but_o my_o occasion_n then_o confine_v i_o to_o a_o town_n i_o have_v not_o conveniency_n to_o make_v any_o secure_a observation_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o even_o in_o a_o more_o commodious_a place_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o there_o be_v corpuscle_n proper_o and_o constant_o frigorifick_a upon_o who_o account_n some_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o cold_a than_o other_o there_o may_v arise_v more_o scruple_n about_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o must_v now_o stay_v to_o discuss_v there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o that_o it_o may_v be_v be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o mention_v before_o i_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o xviii_o title_n for_o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v there_o deliver_v concern_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o these_o troublesome_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n within_o the_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o natural_a day_n complain_v of_o by_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n and_o by_o olearius_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v since_o have_v opportunity_n to_o inquire_v about_o such_o matter_n of_o a_o learned_a physician_n late_o come_v from_o the_o indies_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n he_o usual_o observe_v the_o night_n to_o be_v so_o very_o cold_a that_o he_o be_v persuade_v some_o positive_o frigorifick_a steam_n do_v in_o the_o night_n ascend_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o very_o expedient_a if_o not_o necessary_a for_o those_o english_a that_o live_v in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o america_n to_o imitate_v the_o native_n in_o keep_v fire_n under_o their_o hammack_n or_o hang_v bed_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v a_o luciferous_a experiment_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o may_v be_v propose_v about_o cold_a to_o try_v whether_o if_o two_o such_o liquor_n be_v provide_v as_o by_o be_v mix_v together_o will_v so_o far_o forth_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n as_o to_o obtain_v at_o least_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o unguent_n this_o impediment_n put_v to_o the_o former_a confuse_a and_o great_a agitation_n of_o their_o part_n will_v produce_v any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o cold_a this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v by_o immerse_v for_o a_o competent_a time_n the_o ball_n of_o a_o tender_a seal_a weatherglass_n into_o each_o of_o the_o liquor_n apart_o and_o then_o into_o the_o soft_a mixture_n their_o coalition_n will_v compose_v to_o produce_v such_o a_o mixture_n more_o way_n than_o one_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a for_o i_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o experiment_n i_o have_v provide_v to_o add_v to_o my_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o sirmness_n but_o though_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o minium_n or_o calcine_v lead_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n or_o a_o very_a strong_a infusion_n of_o good_a quicklime_n in_o water_n will_v either_o of_o they_o and_o one_o of_o they_o i_o do_v make_v use_n of_o though_o i_o have_v forget_v which_o coagulate_v a_o just_a proportion_n of_o good_a salad_n oil_n to_o name_n no_o other_o make_v by_o expression_n into_o such_o a_o consistence_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o yet_o for_o want_v of_o a_o seal_a thermoscope_n tender_a enough_o i_o can_v now_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n and_o till_o i_o do_v i_o dare_v not_o draw_v any_o conclusion_n from_o it_o though_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o when_o i_o show_v it_o a_o ingenious_a person_n neither_o he_o nor_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o the_o liquor_n by_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o fluidity_n have_v acquire_v any_o thing_n of_o coldness_n discoverable_a by_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o curious_a whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n and_o divers_a have_v of_o late_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a upon_o observe_v a_o want_n of_o cogency_n in_o the_o experiment_n that_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o evince_v the_o affirmative_a what_o trial_n and_o observation_n we_o long_o since_o make_v about_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o some_o of_o our_o other_o treatise_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v now_o subjoin_v that_o
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deliver_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a the_o falsity_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v 16._o carneades_n for_o my_o part_n eleutherius_fw-la i_o confess_v i_o be_o wont_a to_o doubt_v of_o what_o they_o teach_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o doubt_v and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v forgive_v i_o if_o have_v find_v a_o assertion_n so_o general_a and_o uncontrolled_a of_o a_o falsity_n so_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v i_o be_v inclinable_a to_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o other_o inferior_a tradition_n about_o antiperistasis_n and_o of_o these_o i_o will_v mention_v the_o two_o chief_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o modern_n for_o be_v contrive_v experiment_n i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o believe_v they_o come_v not_o from_o aristotle_n nor_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n that_o comment_v upon_o he_o 17._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o freeze_a a_o pot_n to_o a_o joynt-stool_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o intend_v the_o cold_a as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n that_o stagnate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stool_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot._n but_o how_o little_a need_n there_o be_v of_o antiperistasis_n in_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v guess_v by_o this_o that_o i_o have_v purposely_o make_v it_o with_o good_a success_n in_o a_o place_n in_o which_o there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o probable_o have_v be_v a_o fire_n the_o room_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o chimney_n and_o this_o trial_n of_o i_o i_o can_v confirm_v by_o divers_a other_o experiment_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o that_o this_o one_o be_v sufficient_a 18._o i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n and_o for_o who_o i_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n according_a to_o these_o if_o you_o take_v a_o somewhat_o large_a pot_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o almost_o with_o snow_n place_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o snow_n a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n this_o pot_n be_v put_v over_o the_o fire_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o snow_n will_v be_v so_o intend_v by_o the_o heat_n from_o which_o it_o fly_v into_o the_o water_n that_o it_o will_v turn_v that_o liquor_n into_o ice_n but_o though_o i_o several_a time_n try_v this_o experiment_n yet_o neither_o in_o earthen_a nor_o in_o silver_n vessel_n can_v i_o ever_o produce_v the_o promise_a ice_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o eminent_o learned_a man_n that_o wonder_v to_o find_v i_o so_o diffident_a of_o what_o he_o say_v he_o know_v to_o be_v true_a ready_o undertake_v to_o convince_v i_o by_o a_o ocular_a proof_n but_o with_o
14._o inch_n long_o furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o have_v provide_v a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n of_o a_o convenient_a shape_n and_o size_n and_o fill_v it_o but_o to_o a_o due_a height_n that_o it_o may_v not_o afterward_o run_v over_o with_o common_a water_n i_o so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v support_v by_o the_o cork_n into_o which_o by_o a_o perforation_n or_o slit_v it_o be_v insert_v when_o the_o glass_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o cork_n the_o whole_a ball_n of_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n that_o fill_v the_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o do_v no_o where_o touch_v either_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o ball_n or_o bubble_n be_v every_o way_n surround_v with_o water_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o observe_v at_o what_o station_n the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a water_n have_v make_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n rest_n in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o then_o have_v provide_v a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o warm_a water_n in_o a_o commodious_o shape_v vessel_n i_o remove_v the_o instrument_n into_o it_o and_o place_v it_o so_o as_o that_o the_o external_a warm_a water_n reach_v to_o a_o convenient_a height_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o open_a mouth_a glass_n but_o though_o i_o careful_o watch_v whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_a water_n will_v increase_v or_o strike_v inward_o the_o cold_a of_o that_o water_n which_o do_v immediate_o encompass_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n yet_o i_o perceive_v no_o such_o matter_n the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o stem_n keep_v its_o station_n without_o sink_v beneath_o it_o till_o the_o heat_n after_o a_o while_n have_v by_o degree_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o former_o cold_a water_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o that_o now_o warm_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o thermometer_n begin_v to_o ascend_v 56._o and_o to_o reduce_v the_o other_o part_n too_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o experiment_n the_o same_o thermoscope_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n just_a after_o the_o former_a manner_n only_o instead_o of_o the_o cold_a water_n that_o which_o immediate_o surround_v the_o glass_n be_v warm_a and_o when_o the_o warmth_n have_v impel_v up_o the_o tinct_a spirit_n till_o its_o ascent_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o slow_a i_o immerse_v the_o instrument_n to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o a_o vessel_n that_o contain_v high_o refrigerated_a water_n mingle_v with_o divers_a piece_n of_o ice_n but_o notwitstand_v my_o watchfulness_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o water_n that_o do_v immediate_o encompass_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v at_o all_o increase_v or_o intend_v by_o that_o liquor_n be_v besiege_v by_o water_n exceed_o cold_a for_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o the_o tinct_a spirit_n upward_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o much_o as_o sensible_o accelerate_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v considerable_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o internal_a water_n have_v be_v so_o augment_v or_o strike_v inward_o by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a as_o the_o school_n doctrine_n will_v have_v make_v one_o expect_v but_o rather_o the_o ascent_n be_v by_o the_o chillingness_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n quick_o check_v and_o the_o former_o ascend_v spirit_n be_v soon_o bring_v to_o subside_o again_o and_o to_o give_v myself_o the_o full_a satisfaction_n about_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a phaenomena_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v they_o more_o than_o once_o postscript_n a_o sceptical_a consideration_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n in_o winter_n and_o their_o coldness_n in_o summer_n the_o forego_v discourse_n of_o carneades_n seem_v to_o have_v sufficient_o shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v superstruct_v upon_o the_o vulgar_a observation_n and_o phaenomena_n whereon_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o build_v it_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v also_o make_v it_o high_o probable_a that_o in_o case_n some_o of_o the_o example_n wont_a to_o be_v produce_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n shall_v prove_v historical_o true_a yet_o those_o phaenomena_n may_v more_o congruous_o to_o the_o wont_a proceed_n of_o nature_n be_v explicate_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o calorifick_a or_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o external_a cold_a or_o heat_n then_o to_o a_o certain_a inexplicable_a self_n invigoration_n which_o be_v common_o propose_v in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o invest_v inanimate_a body_n with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o free_a agent_n but_o though_o carneades_n his_o adversary_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v well_o make_v out_o the_o historical_a part_n of_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n concern_v cold_a yet_o upon_o a_o impartial_a survey_n of_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v on_o both_o side_n i_o free_o confess_v that_o to_o i_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n themselves_o seem_v not_o yet_o so_o clear_o determine_v as_o i_o can_v wish_v for_o as_o to_o the_o obvious_a phaenomena_n that_o nature_n do_v as_o it_o be_v of_o her_o own_o accord_n present_v we_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v but_o perfunctory_o consider_v and_o our_o sense_n only_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o they_o we_o may_v easy_o as_o carneades_n argue_v be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o unheeded_a predisposition_n of_o our_o organ_n and_o as_o for_o contrive_v and_o artificial_a experiment_n there_o scarce_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v any_o make_v fit_a to_o clear_v the_o difficulty_n that_o invite_v i_o to_o suspend_v my_o judgement_n as_o to_o the_o grand_a question_n of_o fact_n whether_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneous_a place_n be_v real_o hot_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n it_o be_v true_a that_o i_o have_v scarce_o meet_v with_o any_o point_n wherein_o the_o modern_a schoolman_n seem_v to_o have_v so_o much_o consult_v nature_n as_o in_o this_o of_o antiperistasis_n for_o inquire_v what_o have_v be_v write_v of_o that_o subject_n that_o may_v either_o confirm_v or_o oppose_v what_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a dialogue_n be_v deliver_v about_o antiperistasis_n i_o find_v that_o the_o curiousness_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o subject_n have_v make_v two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o writer_n less_o negligent_a than_o i_o suspect_v but_o though_o i_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o in_o they_o a_o experiment_n or_o two_o that_o seem_v cogent_o to_o evince_v i_o do_v not_o say_v a_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o school_n but_o that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v real_o hot_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o i_o must_v for_o a_o while_n long_o continue_v my_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n which_o that_o even_o such_o person_n as_o be_v circumspect_a themselves_o may_v not_o think_v unreasonable_a i_o will_v brief_o subjoin_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o scepticism_n about_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v far_o more_o industrious_a than_o other_o aristotelian_o and_o on_o some_o subject_n be_v careful_a to_o propose_v experiment_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o happy_a in_o express_v his_o thought_n assure_v we_o somewhere_o that_o have_v keep_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n for_o three_o year_n together_o in_o a_o good_a cellar_n he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o seem_v undeniable_o to_o infer_v that_o whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n in_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v indeed_o great_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o another_o recent_a schoolman_n who_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o the_o learned_a man_n publish_v his_o little_a book_n under_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n name_n affirm_v that_o he_o find_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n that_o a_o well_o at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v be_v cold_a in_o summer_n and_o hot_a in_o winter_n and_o these_o assertion_n of_o zucchius_n and_o the_o other_o jesuit_n do_v i_o confess_v restrain_v i_o for_o a_o while_n from_o yield_v a_o full_a assent_n to_o what_o carneades_n have_v deliver_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o subterraneal_a cold_a and_o heat_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o be_o not_o hitherto_o reduce_v by_o these_o experiment_n to_o declare_v with_o his_o adversary_n against_o he_o because_o of_o the_o follow_a scruple_n first_o then_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v indefinite_o affirm_v and_o believe_v that_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v hot_a in_o winter_n
then_o in_o summer_n for_o the_o instance_n produce_v by_o carneades_n seem_v plain_o enough_o to_o manifest_v the_o contrary_a and_o my_o own_o observation_n make_v in_o a_o cellar_n with_o a_o seal_a wether_n glass_n do_v keep_v i_o from_o dissent_v from_o carneades_n as_o to_o that_o point_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o subterraneal_a place_n for_o some_o be_v deep_a as_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o cellar_n other_o deep_a yet_o as_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n mention_v by_o carneades_n out_o of_o morinus_n and_o some_o again_o be_v but_o shallow_a as_o many_o ordinary_a cellar_n and_o vault_n of_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o subterraneal_a place_n the_o deep_a of_o all_o do_v not_o as_o far_o as_o the_o authority_n of_o mineralist_n above_o allege_v may_v be_v rely_v on_o for_o i_o be_o yet_o inquire_v further_o grow_v hot_a and_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n require_v but_o be_v continual_o hot_a the_o shallow_a sort_n of_o subterraneal_a place_n though_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o outward_a air_n they_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o it_o whether_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a as_o open_a place_n be_v yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v so_o far_o affect_v with_o the_o mutation_n which_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v liable_a to_o in_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n that_o in_o winter_n though_o they_o be_v warm_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cold_a air_n abroad_o yet_o they_o be_v real_o at_o least_o some_o of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v try_v cold_a in_o very_o cold_a weather_n and_o less_o cold_a in_o warm_a weather_n and_o in_o this_o opinion_n i_o be_o confirm_v by_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o that_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v of_o the_o polonian_a nobleman_n mention_v by_o carneades_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o his_o country_n that_o in_o sharp_a winter_n small_a beer_n will_v freeze_v in_o cellar_n that_o be_v not_o very_o deep_a but_o will_v continue_v fluid_a in_o those_o that_o be_v he_o assure_v i_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o the_o other_o thing_n be_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o anonymous_n jesuit_n late_o mention_v who_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o find_v but_o little_a difference_n between_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o well_o he_o examine_v in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n though_o it_o be_v a_o considerable_o deep_a one_o and_o add_v a_o while_n after_o that_o at_o florence_n where_o the_o subterraneal_a vault_n be_v shallow_a the_o air_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n though_o at_o rome_n in_o their_o deep_a cellar_n the_o contrary_a have_v be_v find_v so_o that_o the_o lower-most_a sort_n of_o subterraneal_a cavity_n be_v for_o aught_o appear_v perpetual_o hot_a and_o the_o upper_a or_o shallow_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v cold_a not_o hot_a in_o cold_a weather_n then_o it_o be_v in_o warm_a it_o be_v about_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o they_o such_o as_o be_v the_o deep_a and_o better_a cellar_n that_o the_o question_n remain_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o my_o first_o consideration_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v offer_v to_o be_v consider_v be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a a_o matter_n as_o even_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n may_v think_v it_o to_o make_v with_o the_o weather-glass_n hitherto_o in_o use_n a_o experiment_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o some_o exception_n especial_o if_o the_o cellar_n or_o well_n where_o the_o observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v very_o deep_a for_o the_o gravity_n of_o that_o thick_a and_o vapid_a subterraneal_a air_n and_o the_o great_a pressure_n which_o the_o air_n may_v there_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o press_n according_a to_o a_o atmospherical_a pillar_n lengthen_v by_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cellar_n or_o well_o may_v in_o very_o deep_a cavity_n as_o well_o alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o heat_n and_o cold_a do_v and_o so_o make_v it_o uncertain_a when_o the_o mutation_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o one_o and_o when_o to_o the_o other_o or_o at_o least_o very_a difficult_a to_o determine_v distinct_o what_o share_n be_v due_a to_o the_o pressure_n and_o what_o to_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n and_o this_o uncertainty_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v by_o this_o more_o important_a consideration_n that_o not_o only_o in_o place_n where_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v differ_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o stagnant_a water_n in_o the_o weather-glass_n may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o even_o in_o the_o self_n same_o place_n the_o instrument_n remain_v unmoved_a the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v as_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v hasty_o and_o considerable_o alter_v and_o that_o without_o any_o constant_a and_o manifest_a cause_n at_o least_o that_o i_o can_v hitherto_o discover_v so_o that_o the_o erroneous_a estimate_n that_o may_v be_v hereby_o suggest_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n can_v scarce_o possible_o be_v avoid_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n where_o the_o include_v liquor_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a not_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n so_o that_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o zucchius_n his_o experiment_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o this_o and_o unless_o i_o know_v that_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n make_v his_o observation_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o he_o may_v accidental_o find_v the_o water_n in_o his_o common_a weatherglass_n for_o such_o a_o one_o it_o appear_v he_o use_v as_o probable_o know_v no_o other_o to_o be_v high_o when_o he_o look_v on_o it_o in_o summer_n then_o when_o he_o look_v on_o it_o in_o winter_n not_o because_o real_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v cold_a in_o the_o former_a season_n then_o in_o the_o latter_a but_o because_o the_o atmosphere_n chance_v then_o to_o be_v heavy_a and_o when_o i_o remember_v in_o how_o few_o hour_n i_o have_v sometime_o and_o that_o not_o long_o since_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n both_o in_o a_o good_a barometer_n and_o even_o in_o a_o unseal_v weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o quicksilver_n to_o rise_v almost_o a_o inch_n perpendicular_o without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n proceed_v from_o cold_a i_o can_v think_v it_o impossible_a that_o in_o long_a wether_n glass_n furnish_v only_o with_o water_n or_o some_o such_o liquor_n the_o undiscerned_a alteration_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n pressure_n cold._n may_v produce_v very_o notable_a one_o in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o such_o instrument_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o that_o a_o 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cursory_a examination_n of_o which_o we_o have_v see_v that_o most_o of_o the_o particular_n be_v either_o precarious_a or_o erroneous_a and_o be_v they_o neither_o yet_o the_o whole_a theory_n will_v i_o fear_v prove_v very_o insufficient_a since_o a_o attentive_a reader_n can_v but_o have_v mark_v that_o this_o learned_a author_n have_v pass_v by_o far_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o the_o more_o obvious_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a without_o attempt_v to_o explicate_v they_o or_o so_o much_o as_o show_v in_o a_o general_a way_n that_o he_o have_v consider_v they_o &_o think_v they_o explicable_a by_o his_o hypothesis_n by_o which_o he_o that_o will_v fair_o explain_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n recite_v in_o the_o note_n we_o have_v be_v draw_v together_o and_o which_o yet_o contain_v but_o a_o beginning_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a shall_v give_v i_o a_o very_a good_a opinion_n of_o his_o sagacity_n a_o postscript_n though_o the_o haste_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o comply_v with_o 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treatise_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v than_o not_o gratify_v some_o of_o the_o curious_a to_o who_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o show_v they_o of_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o pretty_a than_o surprise_v the_o way_n than_o that_o i_o use_v in_o make_v this_o experiment_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o follow_a direction_n take_v of_o good_a unslake_v lime_n three_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o miscarry_v of_o yellow_a orpiment_a one_o part_n of_o fair_a water_n 15._o or_o 16._o part_n beat_v the_o lime_n gross_o and_o powder_v the_o orpiment_n with_o care_n to_o avoid_v the_o noxious_a dust_n that_o may_v fly_v up_o pound_v and_o have_v put_v these_o two_o ingredient_n into_o the_o water_n let_v they_o remain_v there_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n or_o long_o if_o needs_o be_v remember_v to_o shake_v or_o stir_v the_o mixture_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v obtain_v a_o somewhat_o fetid_v liquor_n whereof_o by_o wary_o decant_v or_o by_o filtrate_v it_o the_o clear_a 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of_o some_o liquor_n will_v show_v none_o in_o a_o great_a the_o method_n i_o shall_v follow_v in_o deliver_v my_o observation_n shall_v be_v first_o to_o run_v over_o the_o various_a liquor_n or_o body_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a simple_a or_o compound_v etc._n etc._n use_v in_o this_o work_n second_o what_o figure_v observable_a in_o those_o ice_n three_o some_o effect_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d four_o some_o property_n and_o quality_n five_o some_o let_n or_o help_v both_o to_o freeze_a and_o thaw_v six_o some_o use_v 〈◊〉_d ice_n in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o particular_n i_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o ingenious_a 〈◊〉_d of_o mr._n 〈◊〉_d register_v in_o your_o cimelia_fw-la and_o then_o to_o bartholinus_n his_o late_a book_n de_fw-fr nive_n and_o to_o my_o own_o collect_v note_n from_o various_a author_n add_v whatsoever_o trial_n i_o think_v meet_v and_o in_o all_o these_o i_o have_v bare_o set_v down_o matter_n of_o fact_n neither_o mention_v the_o author_n nor_o their_o error_n 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glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v 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horse-raddish_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v infuse_v will_v not_o 〈◊〉_d so_o soon_o as_o other_o strong_a beer_n without_o they_o orange_n and_o lemon_n freeze_v have_v a_o tough_a and_o hard_a rind_n their_o icy_a juice_n lose_v much_o of_o their_o genuine_a taste_n they_o be_v both_o freeze_a hard_a in_o 26._o hour_n or_o a_o little_a more_o have_v a_o thick_a rind_n they_o as_o other_o fruit_n when_o thaw_v soon_o become_v rot_v and_o therefore_o the_o fruiterer_n keep_v they_o under_o ground_n in_o low_a cellar_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o straw_n as_o they_o do_v their_o apple_n which_o do_v expose_v in_o one_o night_n freeze_v throughout_o if_o you_o cut_v one_o of_o they_o through_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v have_v on_o both_o the_o plain_n a_o most_o pure_a thin_a ice_n hardly_o discernible_a by_o the_o eye_n but_o easy_o by_o the_o touch_n or_o by_o scrape_v it_o off_o with_o a_o knife_n the_o cores_fw-la of_o these_o apple_n soon_o turn_v brown_a and_o begin_v their_o 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figure_n of_o freeze_a urine_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o the_o accurate_a description_n of_o curious_a mr._n hook_n have_v so_o full_o and_o true_o perform_v that_o part_n of_o my_o task_n now_o as_o to_o the_o famous_a experiment_n of_o quercetan_n and_o affirm_v by_o many_o other_o chemist_n i_o make_v experiment_n in_o these_o follow_a vegetable_n rosemary_n rue_n scurvigrass_n mint_n and_o plantain_n wherewith_o i_o thus_o proceed_v i_o mix_v with_o ½_o a_o pint_n of_o their_o distil_a water_n ½_o or_o ¾_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o their_o own_o salt_n the_o rosemary_n and_o rue_n be_v calcine_v and_o their_o salt_n extract_v with_o their_o own_o water_n and_o then_o be_v add_v to_o their_o salt_n their_o own_o distil_a water_n in_o the_o above_o mention_v proportion_n the_o glass_n wherein_o the_o rue_n and_o plantain_n be_v put_v be_v seal_v with_o hermes_n seal_v and_o the_o other_o glass_n leave_v open_a the_o effect_n be_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o show_v the_o least_o 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fall_n as_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n assert_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_a this_o i_o understand_v not_o 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n this_o be_v a_o clear_a consequence_n from_o the_o seven_o assertion_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v the_o flesh_n white_a i_o try_v this_o in_o flesh_n and_o fish_n but_o can_v find_v no_o manifest_a difference_n either_o to_o their_o soon_o boil_a or_o whiteness_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o lie_v long_o on_o the_o ground_n or_o freeze_v somewhat_o bite_v the_o tongue_n my_o taste_n be_v not_o so_o acute_a as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o bite_n of_o one_o from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o snow_n freeze_v do_v more_o affect_v the_o tongue_n with_o its_o coldness_n than_o snow_n alone_o 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n this_o neither_o my_o own_o observation_n nor_o relation_n from_o other_o can_v make_v out_o 15._o from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n a_o salt_n of_o wonderful_a strength_n be_v draw_v he_o say_v not_o this_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n nor_o teach_v the_o way_n to_o extract_v it_o 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n this_o frequent_o suit_v with_o the_o countryman_n observation_n but_o many_o time_n fail_v such_o year_n also_o common_o produce_v plenty_n of_o wheat_n other_o season_n concur_v i_o shall_v here_o also_o insert_v two_o remark_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n concern_v freeze_a the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a without_o help_n of_o fire_n the_o second_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o soon_o congeal_v water_n into_o ice_n even_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o conclude_v take_v these_o general_a observation_n make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n with_o weather-glass_n frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n 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the_o cold_a season_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o several_a time_n send_v in_o at_o night_n my_o hard_a freeze_a liquor_n which_o be_v constant_o thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n though_o it_o freeze_v exceed_v hard_o above_o ground_n the_o glass_n in_o my_o study_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a freeze_a be_v sink_v below_o my_o mark_n into_o the_o very_a ball_n so_o that_o i_o can_v make_v no_o far_a observation_n concern_v the_o cold_a above_o ground_n from_o the_o former_a observation_n that_o popular_a error_n be_v manifest_o refute_v viz._n that_o cellar_n and_o subterraneous_a place_n be_v hot_a in_o the_o winter_n then_o in_o the_o summer_n which_o though_o they_o appear_v so_o to_o we_o because_o they_o warm_v we_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o cool_v we_o in_o the_o summer_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o in_o themselves_o for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a experiment_n that_o in_o the_o cold_a season_n the_o spirit_n be_v depress_v to_o two_o inch_n and_o ¼_n and_o rise_v in_o april_n to_o 3_o ½_o and_o no_o doubt_n will_v have_v rise_v about_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o have_v it_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o hot_a season_n of_o the_o year_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o observe_v viz._n that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v in_o this_o subterraneous_a vault_n total_o lose_v its_o colour_n whereas_o that_o in_o my_o study_n two_o year_n after_o still_o retain_v its_o former_a tincture_n since_o the_o print_n of_o the_o forego_n paper_n viz._n 1664._o there_o be_v no_o frost_n in_o england_n 1663._o i_o make_v these_o follow_a experiment_n find_v the_o three_o of_o january_n the_o season_n dispose_v to_o freeze_a i_o expose_v a_o pint_n bottle_n of_o claret_n and_o a_o glasscane_a fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem_n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la and_o on_o the_o four_o of_o the_o same_o month_n the_o night_n be_v the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a that_o i_o ever_o feel_v which_o all_o i_o speak_v with_o the_o next_o day_n confirm_v the_o wind_n then_o blow_v hard_o at_o south-west_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n all_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n which_o show_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o dish_n some_o seem_o crystallize_v salt_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o say_a fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky_a white_a colour_n but_o the_o train-oyl_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a greese_v and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n call_v backrag_v and_o another_o of_o lusty_a white-wine_n stand_v in_o a_o room_n a_o story_n high_a expose_v to_o the_o say_a wind_n have_v most_o of_o the_o wine_n freeze_v in_o they_o the_o ice_n whereof_o be_v take_v out_o taste_v somewhat_o weak_a than_o the_o wine_n itself_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v the_o six_o night_n of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o pint_n of_o claret_n and_o the_o sack_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v both_o freeze_a throughout_o these_o two_o night_n and_o after_o their_o double_a freeze_a and_o thaw_v they_o lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o spirit_n colour_n and_o taste_v nay_o the_o claret_n be_v a_o strong_a burgundy_n wine_n though_o it_o often_o suffer_v glaciation_n and_o thaw_v for_o three_o week_n together_o yet_o in_o all_o that_o time_n suffer_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o appear_v the_o same_o to_o sense_n as_o when_o it_o be_v expose_v in_o colour_n taste_n and_o strength_n as_o to_o the_o concentration_n of_o colour_a liquor_n mr._n haak_n show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n above_o a_o inch_n long_o almost_o fill_v with_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n freeze_v throughout_o the_o ice_n round_o about_o towards_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n show_v whole_o colourless_a but_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n be_v of_o a_o exceed_o high_a dye_n but_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v light_o tinge_v with_o a_o scarlet_a hue_n hereupon_o have_v some_o flask_n by_o i_o i_o put_v into_o one_o a_o strong_a decoction_n of_o cochineel_n and_o into_o another_o a_o like_a decoction_n of_o soot_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o encompass_v in_o a_o vessel_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n they_o do_v freeze_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o and_o the_o air_n than_o beginning_n to_o relax_v i_o break_v the_o flask_n and_o the_o desolved_a ice_n yield_v a_o water_n total_o colourless_a i_o make_v also_o a_o experiment_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a decoction_n of_o gentian_a root_n which_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n the_o ice_n thereof_o have_v
a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o snow_n and_o this_o way_n of_o cure_v gangrene_n from_o cold_a sennertus_n do_v prescribe_v to_o make_v some_o experiment_n hereof_o i_o expose_v flesh_n and_o fish_n and_o find_v that_o by_o immerse_v they_o into_o water_n they_o soon_o become_v more_o limber_a and_o flexible_a and_o more_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o knife_n and_o compass_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o about_o half_a a_o crown_n manifest_a token_n of_o their_o thaw_v and_o be_v cut_v they_o discover_v nothing_o of_o ice_n in_o they_o this_o for_o more_o certainty_n i_o often_o reiterated_a as_o also_o in_o egg_n and_o apple_n above_o a_o dozen_o time_n and_o never_o fail_v of_o unthaw_v they_o by_o this_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v if_o you_o immerse_v the_o flesh_n fish_n egg_n or_o apple_n deep_a into_o the_o water_n no_o ice_n will_v appear_v on_o their_o outside_n but_o only_o when_o you_o hold_v they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o the_o persian_a experiment_n mention_v by_o olearius_n of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v preserve_v for_o cool_v of_o their_o drink_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o pour_v water_n into_o a_o open_a pan_n or_o into_o a_o flask_n gradual_o some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o i_o can_v quick_o freeze_v by_o this_o way_n a_o whole_a flaskfull_a when_o near_o half_a of_o a_o flask_n fill_v at_o one_o though_o help_v by_o art_n be_v unfrozen_a i_o observe_v also_o that_o the_o ditch_n betwixt_o southwark_n and_o redderiff_n have_v acquire_v a_o exceed_a thickness_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o at_o full_a tide_n for_o new_a water_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v there_o congeal_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o some_o inch_n every_o ebb_a and_o flow_v i_o observe_v also_o the_o ice_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n above_o two_o yard_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n tell_v i_o they_o have_v see_v it_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n thick_a which_o thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o also_o within_o room_n in_o the_o most_o severe_a weather_n the_o needle_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n at_o other_o time_n i_o expose_v the_o needle_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n keep_v the_o stone_n warm_a at_o other_o time_n both_o be_v expose_v but_o in_o none_o of_o my_o experiment_n can_v i_o conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a to_o their_o attractive_a faculty_n for_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o to_o a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o ten_o several_a good_a stone_n employ_v for_o this_o purpose_n i_o assay_v also_o to_o find_v out_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a whereby_o to_o fit_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o the_o weather-glass_n and_o to_o that_o end_n make_v use_v of_o conduit_n water_n and_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n blackcherry_n nightshade_n scurvigrass_n and_o horse-raddish_n all_o which_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o a_o fire_n be_v keep_v and_o then_o remove_v and_o measure_v out_o into_o spoon_n in_o equal_a quantity_n and_o also_o a_o drop_n of_o they_o drop_v on_o the_o same_o bench_n but_o though_o this_o be_v often_o try_v i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o sure_a inference_n from_o they_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o blackcherry_n water_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v first_o but_o the_o other_o with_o very_o great_a uncertainty_n the_o horse-raddish_n and_o scurvigrass_n water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o very_a beginning_n of_o freeze_a of_o liquor_n be_v to_o move_v a_o pin_n or_o needle_n through_o the_o liquor_n whereby_o the_o ice_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o become_v discernible_a when_o the_o naked_a eye_n can_v discover_v none_o at_o all_o finis_fw-la figure_n 1._o page_z 9_o 10_o 11_o â—_o 98._o a_o the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c_o the_o stem_n d_o the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n figure_n 2._o the_o open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâ—mentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ—_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â—_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ—_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n of_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o in_o a_o experiment_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o oil_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o though_o i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o liquor_n in_o small_a '_o vessel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o air_n in_o 〈◊〉_d night_n 〈◊〉_d extraordinary_o sharp_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o salt_n will_v 〈◊〉_d the_o experiment_n succeed_v 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o try_v it_o with_o several_a parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o learned_a doctor_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o he_o use_v not_o our_o 〈◊〉_d mixture_n do_v bring_v that_o liquor_n either_o to_o
he_o inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v their_o usual_a way_n to_o turn_v water_n and_o snow_n into_o ice_n by_o pour_v a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o have_v also_o inquire_v 〈◊〉_d ice_n have_v not_o the_o like_a operation_n he_o tell_v 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o he_o have_v see_v it_o practise_v in_o 〈◊〉_d to_o cement_v ice_n to_o building_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o also_o to_o case_n over_o body_n as_o it_o be_v with_o ice_n by_o gradual_o throw_v water_n upon_o they_o but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o effect_v be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v bare_o to_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o ice_n because_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o that_o this_o way_n of_o increase_a ice_n be_v practise_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n when_o water_n thin_o spread_v upon_o almost_o any_o other_o body_n will_v be_v freeze_v by_o the_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air._n 7._o the_o glaciation_n that_o nature_n unguided_a by_o art_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v begin_v at_o those_o part_n of_o body_n at_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o they_o freeze_v from_o the_o upper_a towards_o the_o low_a part_n but_o how_o far_o in_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o most_o considerable_a body_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v the_o frost_n will_v pierce_v downward_o though_o for_o some_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v worth_a the_o know_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v define_v because_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o frost_n may_v be_v much_o vary_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o the_o air_n by_o which_o the_o glaciation_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o also_o by_o the_o great_a or_o 〈◊〉_d duration_n of_o the_o frost_n by_o the_o loose_a or_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v imbue_v and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o subjacent_a and_o more_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o of_o which_o send_v up_o either_o actual_o warm_a or_o potential_o hot_a and_o resolve_v steam_n such_o as_o those_o that_o make_v corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o frost_n will_v not_o seize_v upon_o or_o at_o lest_o can_v continue_v over_o mine_n and_o i_o have_v see_v good_a large_a scope_n of_o land_n where_o vast_a quantity_n of_o good_a limestone_n lie_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v there_o be_v divers_a other_o thing_n that_o may_v vary_v the_o depth_n to_o which_o the_o frost_n can_v penetrate_v into_o the_o ground_n i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n because_o in_o most_o case_n it_o will_v pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o water_n but_o yet_o that_o we_o may_v not_o leave_v this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a altogether_o uncontribute_v to_o we_o will_v add_v some_o of_o our_o note_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d less_o into_o the_o ground_n than_o many_o be_v please_v to_o think_v 8._o the_o note_n i_o find_v about_o this_o matter_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v which_o i_o 〈◊〉_d unaltered_a because_o it_o be_v tedious_a and_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o add_v the_o way_n we_o employ_v and_o the_o caution_n we_o use_v in_o make_v the_o observation_n but_o we_o shall_v rather_o intimate_v that_o the_o follow_a trial_n be_v make_v in_o a_o village_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o a_o great_a city_n i._n jan._n 22._o after_o four_o night_n of_o frost_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o very_o hard_a we_o go_v into_o a_o orchard_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v level_a and_o not_o cover_v with_o grass_n and_o find_v by_o dig_v that_o the_o frost_n have_v scarce_o pierce_v into_o the_o ground_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o the_o house_n we_o find_v not_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v freeze_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n beneath_o its_o surface_n ii_o nine_o or_o ten_o night_n successive_a frost_n freeze_v the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o garden_n about_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_a in_o depth_n and_o the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n where_o a_o wall_n 〈◊〉_d it_o from_o the_o south_n sun_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o about_o eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_o february_n the_o 9_o we_o dig_v in_o a_o orchard_n near_o a_o wall_n that_o respect_v the_o north_n and_o find_v the_o frost_n to_o have_v 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n at_o least_o above_o a_o foot_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o eight_o day_n since_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d inch_n and_o a_o half_a a_fw-la slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 18._o inch_n long_o and_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v thrust_v over_o night_n into_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v with_o a_o spit_n straight_o down_o into_o the_o ground_n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o the_o water_n appear_v freeze_v in_o the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o three_o inch_n but_o from_o this_o stick_n of_o ice_n there_o reach_v downward_o a_o part_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o about_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v 〈◊〉_d though_o it_o be_v a_o exceed_a sharp_a night_n precede_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n that_o have_v be_v very_o lasting_a and_o very_o bitter_a the_o earth_n in_o the_o garden_n where_o this_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o guess_v to_o be_v freeze_v eight_o or_o ten_o inch_n deep_a as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n about_o the_o same_o house_n but_o be_v this_o tube_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n will_v have_v freeze_v it_o quite_o through_o 9_o another_o note_n much_o of_o the_o same_o import_n we_o find_v in_o another_o place_n of_o our_o collection_n find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mildness_n of_o our_o climate_n i_o be_v scarce_o to_o hope_v for_o any_o much_o deep_a congelation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n i_o apply_v myself_o to_o inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v be_v at_o musco_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n there_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n as_o also_o to_o find_v in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n whether_o that_o inquisitive_a navigator_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v inform_v i_o how_o far_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o freeze_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n in_o the_o island_n of_o charleton_n where_o that_o quality_n may_v probable_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v as_o large_a a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o in_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n and_o by_o my_o inquiry_n i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o even_o in_o freeze_a region_n themselves_o a_o congeal_a degree_n of_o cold_a pierce_v nothing_o near_o so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n as_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o the_o traveller_n i_o speak_v with_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o garden_n in_o musco_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o inquire_v about_o he_o find_v not_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v freeze_v much_o above_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o captain_n james_n journal_n the_o most_o that_o i_o find_v and_o that_o too_o where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o prodigious_o tall_a ice_n they_o have_v in_o january_n concern_v the_o pierce_a of_o the_o frost_n into_o the_o ground_n be_v this_o that_o the_o ground_n at_o 63._o tenfoot_o deep_a be_v freeze_v whence_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v gather_v how_o much_o sharp_a cold_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o that_o island_n than_o even_o in_o russia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n he_o do_v in_o another_o place_n occasional_o give_v we_o this_o memorable_a account_n of_o it_o where_o he_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o break_n up_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n that_o surround_v the_o island_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v say_v he_o that_o it_o do_v 86._o not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n the_o rest_n be_v by_o accident_n such_o be_v that_o ice_n that_o you_o may_v see_v here_o six_o fathom_n thick_a this_o we_o have_v manifest_a proof_n of_o by_o our_o dig_v the_o ice_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o by_o dig_v to_o our_o anchor_n before_o the_o ice_n break_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o account_n not_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n i_o forbear_v to_o annex_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o notwithstanding_o our_o late_o mention_a experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n in_o
that_o which_o make_v main_o for_o my_o present_a purpose_n begin_v contrary_a to_o vulgar_a thaw_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o 50._o and_o have_v thus_o manifest_v that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v send_v up_o great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o will_v be_v obvious_a to_o conceive_v that_o as_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o steam_n get_v into_o the_o air_n either_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o find_v vent_n such_o as_o those_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v or_o by_o grow_v copious_a enough_o to_o force_v themselves_o a_o passage_n so_o in_o most_o other_o place_n where_o the_o ascend_a steam_n find_v no_o commodious_a vent_n or_o be_v too_o faint_o drive_v up_o to_o gain_v themselves_o a_o passage_n they_o must_v be_v repress_v or_o detain_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v its_o pore_n in_o winter_n usual_o choke_v up_o with_o snow_n or_o rain_n or_o its_o surface_n constipate_v and_o harden_v with_o ice_n or_o frost_n so_o that_o these_o exhalation_n be_v pen_v up_o and_o receive_v fresh_a supply_n from_o time_n to_o time_n from_o beneath_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o shall_v somewhat_o warm_v deep_a cellar_n and_o well_n where_o they_o be_v thus_o detain_v and_o therefore_o our_o husbandman_n do_v not_o speak_v altogether_o so_o improper_o when_o they_o say_v that_o the_o snow_n keep_v the_o ground_n warm_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o dr._n smith_n the_o learned_a english_a 〈◊〉_d into_o musco_n make_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a reason_n of_o the_o great_a fertility_n he_o just_o ascribe_v to_o the_o country_n there_o about_o that_o during_o almost_o all_o the_o winter_n the_o ground_n be_v to_o a_o great_a height_n cover_v with_o snow_n which_o do_v not_o only_o enrich_v it_o by_o the_o fertilize_a salt_n which_o the_o earth_n gain_v from_o the_o snow_n when_o that_o come_v to_o be_v melt_v but_o do_v also_o contribute_v to_o its_o improvement_n by_o choke_v up_o or_o obstruct_v the_o pore_n at_o which_o the_o nitro-sulphureous_a and_o other_o useful_a corpuscle_n that_o be_v send_v up_o by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d heat_n will_v easy_o get_v away_o and_o lest_o gentleman_n you_o shall_v think_v that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o the_o ratiocination_n that_o i_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v real_o great_a store_n of_o warm_a steam_n detain_v under_o ground_n in_o the_o winter_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o sensible_a observation_n receive_v from_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n already_o often_o mention_v by_o who_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v that_o about_o musco_n where_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v far_o more_o constipate_v in_o winter_n this_o it_o be_v in_o these_o part_n and_o where_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o keep_v their_o cellar_n much_o close_o the_o subterraneous_a exhalation_n be_v hinder_v to_o fly_v abroad_o will_v in_o time_n multiply_v so_o fast_o that_o he_o assure_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o unwary_a open_n of_o the_o door_n of_o cellar_n that_o have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v there_o will_v sally_v out_o a_o warm_a smoke_n and_o very_o thick_a almost_o like_o that_o of_o a_o furnace_n and_o sometime_o the_o steam_n that_o issue_v out_o will_v be_v so_o gross_a and_o plentiful_a that_o it_o have_v bring_v man_n into_o danger_n of_o be_v suffocate_v by_o it_o 51._o and_o now_o gentleman_n have_v show_v that_o though_o experience_v be_v so_o confident_o appeal_v to_o by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o she_o have_v not_o hitherto_o afford_v they_o any_o thing_n that_o much_o favour_n their_o cause_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v that_o she_o bear_v witness_n against_o it_o for_o beside_o that_o some_o passage_n of_o my_o late_a discourse_n do_v real_o contain_v phaenomena_n that_o not_o only_o do_v not_o favour_v antiperistasis_n but_o may_v just_o be_v employ_v as_o experiment_n against_o it_o i_o shall_v ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v present_v you_o with_o something_o which_o i_o necessitate_a experience_n to_o supply_v i_o with_o that_o seem_v express_o to_o overthrow_v it_o 52._o i_o may_v urge_v against_o those_o who_o though_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n will_v establish_v a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o what_o they_o call_v a_o fuga_fw-la contrarii_fw-la that_o the_o very_a instance_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o bring_v for_o their_o opinion_n may_v be_v retort_v upon_o they_o for_o when_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o winter_n the_o heat_n to_o fly_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n retire_v itself_o into_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o harbour_v in_o cellar_n and_o well_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o smoke_n of_o water_n draw_v from_o deep_a well_n which_o argue_v its_o heat_n the_o vapour_n which_o fly_v away_o be_v as_o vapour_n hot_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v by_o demand_v why_o if_o the_o heat_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o a_o smoke_a bucket_n of_o water_n have_v the_o wit_n or_o instinct_n to_o fly_v from_o its_o contrary_a it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o bucket_n as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v in_o the_o well_o retire_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v from_o the_o surround_v cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o instead_o of_o retire_v to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n those_o be_v remote_a from_o that_o it_o needless_o fly_v abroad_o with_o the_o vapour_n it_o excite_v and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n cast_v itself_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o shall_v shun_v and_o indeed_o what_o i_o just_a now_o mention_v to_o you_o as_o relate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n collins_n do_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o keep_v cellar_n warm_a abide_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o winter_n be_v not_o that_o they_o fly_v the_o cold_a as_o their_o enemy_n but_o that_o they_o be_v pen_v up_o beneath_o the_o ground_n since_o when_o vent_n be_v give_v they_o they_o immediate_o rush_v into_o the_o open_a air_n without_o fear_v the_o cold_a even_o of_o russia_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o winter_n 53._o but_o i_o shall_v press_v this_o no_o further_o but_o rather_o add_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v as_o little_o behold_v to_o the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o i_o sometime_o try_v in_o order_n to_o the_o disabuse_v some_o abetter_n of_o themistius_n i_o take_v then_o a_o iron-rod_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n have_v at_o one_o end_n of_o it_o a_o very_a broad_a and_o thick_a piece_n of_o iron_n shape_v almost_o like_o a_o spattule_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v upon_o the_o ignition_n of_o the_o iron_n make_v the_o heat_n very_o considerable_a then_o have_v cause_v this_o thick_a end_n to_o be_v make_v red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o have_v sudden_o quench_v it_o in_o cold_a water_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o rod_n by_o which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v hold_v do_v at_o all_o grow_v sensible_o hot_a as_o a_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v expect_v it_o shall_v do_v to_o a_o very_a high_a degree_n as_o presume_v that_o the_o innumerable_a particle_n of_o heat_n that_o swarm_v in_o the_o compact_a body_n of_o the_o red_a hot_a part_n of_o the_o iron_n must_v to_o fly_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n retire_v in_o throng_n towards_o the_o other_o extreme_a of_o the_o iron_n and_o make_v it_o exceed_o hot_a and_o lest_o any_o preexistent_a warmth_n shall_v hinder_v i_o from_o perceive_v a_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o case_n any_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o iron_n i_o cause_v it_o the_o next_o time_n the_o trial_n be_v make_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o cold_a water_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o broad_a and_o candent_fw-la end_n into_o the_o cold_a water_n bring_v as_o little_a of_o sensible_a heat_n to_o the_o other_o end_n that_o i_o hold_v in_o my_o hand_n as_o it_o have_v do_v the_o time_n before_o and_o have_v cause_v the_o experiment_n to_o be_v try_v by_o another_o the_o account_n i_o receive_v be_v that_o it_o succeed_v with_o he_o as_o it_o have_v do_v with_o i_o 54._o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o main_a thing_n gentleman_n that_o i_o intend_v to_o acquaint_v you_o with_o there_o be_v a_o expedient_a that_o i_o purposely_o devise_v to_o make_v one_o experiment_n more_o considerable_a against_o antiperistasis_n then_o be_v the_o several_a mistake_a observation_n of_o the_o peripetaticks_n to_o establish_v it_o 55._o i_o take_v then_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n 12._o or_o