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water_n	good_a	morning_n	ounce_n	9,645	5	9.6956	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51971	The perfect horseman, or, The experienced secrets of Mr. Markham's fifty years practice shewing how a man may come to be a general horseman, by the knowledge of these seven offices, viz. the breeder, feeder, ambler, rider, keeper, buyer, farrier / and now published by Lancelot Thetford, practitioner in the same art for the space of forty years.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.; Thetford, Lancelot.	1656 (1656)	Wing M671; ESTC R20972	71,548	192

it in water from a pottle to a quart then strain it and to that water put a pint of Urine and a pint of Muskadine of Aniseeds Licoras Cominseeds Long Pepper in pouder of each an ounce twenty Raisins of the Sun stoned and brused and of Sugercandy two ounces let all these symmer on the fire and not boyl till they be incorporate then take i● off and to one halfe therof which is a suffiacient drench put a quarter of a pound of sweet butter and four spoonfuls of sallet-oyle then being luke-warm give the horse a third part of the drench and after it a new laid egge then another third part and after it another egge then lastly all the rest of the drink Then ride him pretty roundly after it for near an houre and let him fast another houre keep warme and feed as at other timer At noon give him a mash and the next day give him the other half For a desperate dry cough Take a pint of burnt Sack Sallet oyle and red wine vinegar of both a quarter of a pint of Fenegrick Turmerick ●ong peper and Licoras of each a spoonfull in powder and give it the horse half at the one nostril and half at another and doe this twice week and ride him after it and let him fast two houres and keep his head and breast warm For the ordinary water you may give him for a fortnight let it have good store of sliced English Licoras steept into it For a cold long setled Take three heads of Garlick and rost them in the embers then mix them with three spoonfulls of Tarre as much powder sugar and halfe a pound of hogges grease then with Aniseeds Licoras Elicampane Fenegreek and Cominseeds make it into paste and give as much at once as a Ducks egge For a dry Cough or wasted Lungs Take Elicampace the flower of Brimstone Licoras Fenell seed Linseed of each an ounce searc't syrop of Elicampane an ounce and of clarified hony a pound work the powders and these together and to a pint of sweet wine put two ounces of these and give it the horse morning and evening ride him after it and let him fast an hour after riding give no cold water but with exercise A Cordiall powder for any ordinary cold and to prepare a horse before travell to refresh him in travell and to preserve him from mischief after travel Take of English Licoras Elicampane roots of each an ounce of Sugercandy an ounce and a halfe beat them to fine powder and searce them Keep the powder in a box and when you have occasion to use it if it be for a cold then give half an ounce in a pint of Sack if it be in travell then give it in sweet wine or strong Ale but if in Ale then take a quart and give it both before travell and in your Inne or at home immediately after travell To break a festred cold to dry up glanders and to heal the ulcer or canker in the nose Take a pint of verdjuice and put to it so much strong mustard made with wine Vinegar as will make it strong and keen thereof then take an ounce of roche Allom in powder and when you give this to the horse as you fil the horn so with a knife or spoon put some of the Allom into the horn and so give it the horse part at both nostrils but especialy that nostrill which runneth most then ride him a little after it and set up warm and give no cold water without exercise Thus do divers mornings For the Glanders Take Cominseeds Grains and Fenegreek in powder of each halfe an ounce of Diahexaple a quarter of an ounce beat this in a mortar with a quarter of a pint of verdjuice three spoonfuls of Sallet oyl and two spoon●tl of Aquavitae then put al together to a quart of old Ale with a good slice of sweet butter and set it on the fire till it be ready to boyl then being luke warm give it the horse part at the mouth and part at both nostrils then ride him pretty roundly for an hour and set up warm let him fast an hour and if you perceive sickness to grow give him a pint of new milk To stay the glanders for a time being incurable Take the green bark of Elder and beat it in a mortar and strain it till you have a pint thereof then put that juice to a pint of old Ale and warm it on the fire with a good lump of sweet butter and a nounce of sugarcandy and so give the horse ride him after it let him fast an hour and keep warm Do thus divers mornings For decayed or stopped Lungs which we call Broken wind Take halfe a pint of Coltsfoot water or the syrop of Coltsfoot but in the syrop it will best dissolve and put into it a dram of Balsamum Sulphuris and give it the Horse in the morning fasting then ride him a little after it be sure to keep warm and give no cold water without exercise Do thus every other morning giving it one morning at the mouth and another at the nostrils till you find amendment A scouring when others will not work Take of sweet Butter a quarter of a pound half so much Castle Sope and halfe an ounce of Aloes beat them together then add of Hempseed two spoonfulls of rosin half a spoonfull of sugarcandy an ounce all bruised ●ine work it into a paste and give it the horse in balls immediatly after his heat or when you have warmed him and stirred up the grease and foulness within him OUTWARD SORRANCES The Signes of outward Sorrances OUtward Sorrances are discerned when any member or part in an horse is disfigured or evill affected by the loss of true shape disability in motion the increase or decrease of number and quantity the disproportion of place or the separating of things knit and united And these accidents have divers names as Imposthumes Ulcers or wounds when they are in fleshy parts Excretions or Fractures on and in the bones Ruptures in the veins convulsions in the sinews and Excoriations upon the skin The first is known by outward swellings rotten or bloody sores the next by utter disability in the member or else plain halting The next by Wens and Knots both soft and hard the next by gordgings and haltings and the last by scurf and leprosie Now forasmuch as the greatest part of Sotrances and especially those which are most hid and obscure are found our by halting I will shew you the severall manner of haltings and what they signifie If the horse halt before and lift not up his leg but in a manner traileth it after the other it sheweth a new hurt on the top of the shoulder If he cast his leg outward or go Bakerlike and not bend the knee it is either an old hurt on the top of the shoulder or if new then it is a shoulder-plat or rending betwixt the shoulder and the body if

with new milk from the Cow For Scratches held incurable First let him blood in the shackle veins the spur veins and the ●ore toe veins onely letting it be three days between the bleeding of the one Toe and the other then with an hair-cloth rub the sores til they be raw and bleed then take a quart of old urine and a quart of strong brine and put to them halfe a pound of Allum and boyl it to a quart With this hot wash the sores wel then take the sperm of Froggs in March and put it into an earthen pot and in a week it will look like oyl then take both the oyl and the round things which you shal see in the sperm and spreading it on a cloath bind it to the soars and do this divers times For any Splent Spaven Curb Ringbone or Excression First clip away the hair as far as the excression goeth and a little more then take a piece of Allumd Leather made as big as the place you have bared and fitted to the ●ame proportion then take a little Shooe-makers Wax and spread it round about the very edge or verge of the same leaving all the inward part empty and not touched with the Wax Then take the herb Speargrass or Spearwort which hath the vertue to raise blisters and bruising it lay some thereof upon the Leather in the empty place and bind it fast thereon suffering it so to lye 〈◊〉 if it be in the Spring or Summer time when the herb hath its full strength near half a day but if it be in winter then it is not a miss to renew the strength of the herb if you add to it a drop or two of the oyl of Origanum and let it lie half a day fully and be sure to tie up the horses head for fear of biting it away When you take away the herb rub the place well and anoynt it with Train-oyl warm or else lay on a Diminium plaister Another for a foul Splint Take Nerve oyl one ounce Cantharides the weight of sixpence and as much of the oyle of Vipers boyl them lightly then with this anoint the Splint cross the hair and heat it in with a hot Iron then tie up the horses head to the Rack for 24 hours then squeeze out the corruption and do this twice o● thrice For a Splint and to dry up windgalls First heat the Sorrance with an hot pressing Iron then vent it in severall places with your Fleam then take a spoonfull of salt half a spoonfull of nerve oyl a peny weight of verdigrease and the white of an egg beat all to a salve and dipping flax hurds therein apply it to the grief For Pains M●les and Rats-tails First take away all the scabs and make the sore raw then with strong mustard made with wine vinegar anoint them all over and do this every night The next morning take half a pound of green Copperas and boyl it in a pottle of running water with an handfull of sage and so much hyssop a quarter of a pound of Allume and as much strong mustard and with this bath the sore twice or thrice a day For Malander or Selander Take the oyl of bay an ounce half so much sugar and a good quantity of the oyl o● froth which cometh from green broom stalks being laid in the fire mix it wel and with this anoynt the soars and it kills and dryes them up For the Swift-cut and to heal all wounds Take a pint of white Wine and put to it two or three spoonfulls of honey and stirr them and boyl them to a salve then take it from the fire and put to it halfe so much Turpentine as there was honey and stirre all together With this salve somwhat hot anoint the soars twice or thrice a day and it is a most speedy healer For any Maunge or Scab in a clean fed Horse First let blood then take a quart of old Urine or Vinegar and break into it a quarter of a pound of good Tobacco then set it on a fire of embers and not boyl and so let it stew all night with this water wash the infected places whether it be in the Mane or otherwise and it helpeth For any Maungie or universall Leprosie in a foul surfeited Horse First let blood in the neck-vein and take a way good store then curry off all the scurf and take verdjuce and vinegar a pint cow-piss a pint train oyle a pint old urine a pint put to them an handful of wild Tansie an handful of Bay salt a quarter of a pound of brimstone as much Alome two ounces of verdigrease and four ounces of Bolarmonie boyl all well together With this very hot wash the horse well and if you put to it the quantity of a pint of blood you take away it is not amiss do this twice or thrice For a Canker foul Ulcer Leprosie and to make hair grow Take a quart of Tar and on the fire put to it half a pound of Bores grease an ounce of Copperat a quarter of a pound of Saltpeter two ounces of wax a quart of honey a quarter of a pound of Rozme two ounces of verdigrease a quart of Lynseed oyl and seeth them till half be consumed then strain it keep it in a close pot Then when you will use it take of it warm and apply it to the soar it doth both heal draw and make hair grow For a Fistula or Pol-evill Take Euforbium with Mastick mix them together then seeth them well with French Sope and make a tent and put it into the Fistula and it will consume the evill moisture For a foul Farcy Take Tar and fresh Hogs grease of each half a pound Hemlock an handfull Arsesmart three handfull and as many Nettles boyl these in a pottle of old Urine and apply it very hot to the swelling but touch it not with your hand for it is too sharp Lastly take a pint of white wine vinegar a quarter of an ounce of verdigrease and a little bundle of Hyssop beat them in a mortar and boyl it to an half pint then with Balls of flax put it luke-warm into both his ears and stich the tips together then tye his head up to the Rack for two hours Do thus twice For a most desperate Farcy Take the herb called Clay-clayes which is a weed growing by the water side having a great broad round leaf and is green on the upper side and white on the neather Rew of each a like quantity beat them and strain them then to a pint of that juice put of Housleek a handful half a pint of Aquavitae and two good spoonfull of pepper beaten and fearc'd Of this liquor take a pint and give it the horse to drink then with round balls of flax dipt in the same stop up both his ears then with the strained bruisings of all the herbs rub the soars and stop the holes if there be any hollowness do thus

tolerable at any time is that which is made of double Canvas with a round bottom and a square lattice window of small tape before both his nostrils down to the very bottom of the muzzell and upward more then a handfull this must also have a loop and a string to fasten it about the horses head At nine a clock at night come to the Stable and after by ceremonies done give him a quart of oats clean sifted and when they are eaten put on his Muzzell toss up his litter and so leave him The next day early in the morning come to the horse if he be standing but if he be laid do not disturb him and whilst he is lying take a quart of oats clean sifted and rubbed between your hands and wash them i● strong Ale and give them to the horse when they are eaten bridle him up and dress him then saddle as before shewed being ready to depart give him a new laid Egg or two then wash his mouth after it with a little Beer or Ale and so lead away at the doo● urge him to empty then mount and ra●● him gently to the course ever and anon making him smell another horses dung When you are come within a mile o● thereabout of the starting-post alight and take off his body-cloath and Breast-cloath and girt on the saddle again then sending away your Groom both with those Cloaths and other dry Cloaths to rub with let him stay at the la●t end of the course till you come then your self rack your horse gently up to the ●tarting post and beyond making him smell to that post as you should also do to the first post which we call the weighing post that he may take notice of the beginning and ending of the course There start your horse roundly and sharply at neer a three quarters speed and according to his strength of body ability of wind and cheerfulness of spirit run him the whole course through But by no means do any thing in extremity or above his wind but when you find him a little yeild then give him a little ease so that all he doth may be done with pleasure and not with anguish For this manner of training will make him take delight in his labour and so increase it The contrary will breed discomfort and make exercise irksome Also during the time you thus course him you shall note upon what ground he runneth best and whether up the hill or down the hill whether on the smooth or on the rough on the wet or on the dry or on the levill or the earth somewhat rising and according as you find his nature so maintain him for your own advantage When you have finished the heats and a little slightly gallopt him up and down to rate his wind and cheer his spirits you shall then the Groom being ready ride into some warm place as under the covert of some hedge wall bushes or trees into some hollow dry ditch pit or other defence from the air and there light and first with a glassing-knife or as some call it a scraping knife made either of some broken sword blade some old broken Sythe or for war of them of a thin piece of old hard o●ke● wood and fashioned like a long broad knife with a sharp edge and using this with both your hands scrape off all the sweat from your horse in every part buttocks excepted till you find there will no more arise eve● and anon moving him up and down The● with dry cloathes rub him all over painfully buttocks excepted then take of the saddle and having glassed his back and rub'd it neer dry put on his Body-cloth and Breast-cloath and set on the saddle again and girt it then mount and gallop him gently forth again a little pace eve● and anon rubbing his head neck and body as you sit then walk him about the field to cool him and when you find he driet● apace then rack him homeward sometime racking and sometimes galloping but by no means bring him to the Stable till you find him throughly dry When you are come to the Stable dore ●intice him to empty then set him up and tie him to the Rack and as having prepared it before give him this scouring made in this manner The first Scouring Take a pint of the Syrope of Roses or a pint of strong honyed water and dissolve into it of Cassia Agarick and Myrrhe of each half an ounce and symbolize and jumble them together in a Vyall glass Then being muld and made warm at the fire and the horse newly come from his heat as before shewed give him this scouring for it is a strong one and avoydeth all manner of molten grease and foulness Ordering of the Horse after his scouring As soon as you have given him this scouring presently let your Groom fal to rubbing his legs and do your self take off his saddle and cloathes and finding his body dry run slightly over it with your Curry comb after with the French Brush and lastly rub him all over with dry cloathes especially his head nape of the neck and about his heart then cloath him up warm as at other times and wisp him round with great warm wisps and if you throw over him a loose blanket it will not be amiss in these extraordinary times especially if the season be cold The horse must fast full two hours afte● the receit of the scouring but yet depart no● out of the Stable but keep the horse waking for rest hinder the medicine and mot o● makes it work After he hath fastned on the bridle two hours then you shall take a handfull of wheat ears being your Polland wheat that is without Awnes and coming to the Horse first handle the roots of his ears then put your hands under his cloathes against his heart upon his flanks and on the neather part of his thighs and if you find any new sweat arise or any coldness of sweat or if you see his body beat or his breath move fast then forbear to give him any thing for it shews there is much soulness stirred up on which the medicine working with a conquering quality the horse is brought to a little sickness therefore in this case you shall onely take off his bridle put on his Coller toss up his litter and absent your self having made the stable dark and still for other two hours which is the utmost end of that sickness But if you find no such offence then give him the ears of wheat by three or four together and if he eat this handfull give him another After he hath eaten the wheat ears give him a little knob of hay clean dusted and draw his bridle rubbing his head well An hour after his hay sist him a quart of oats and to them put two or three handfull of spelted beans which you shall cause to be reed and drest so clean as is possible from all manner of hulls dust and filth whatsoever

bathe all his fore-leggs from the knees and Cambrels downward with cold water for it is wholsome and both comforteth the sinews and prevents scabbs and swellings Keeping in Travell and Sport Thus you shall do concerning his ordinary keeping at home where the Horse hath rest and that you may dispose of hours as you please but if you be either in travel in sport or other occasion so that you cannot observe these particular times then you must divide the main and whole quantity of mea● into fewer parts and greater quantities and so give them at the best convenience ever observing to give the least quantity before travel as a third part before mounture and the two other when you come to rest Nor would I have you to distract your mind with any doubt or amazement because I prescribe you five severall times of feeding in one day as if it should either over-charge you or over-feed your horse questionless there is no such matter when you look into the true proportion for it cannot be denied that whosoever is worthy of a good horse or good means to keep a good horse cannot allow him less then one peck a day nay the Carrier Carter Poulter and Packhorse will allow half a peck at waterings and this allowance which I set down comes to no more for fifteen pints of oats and one pint of spelt beans upheaped makes two gallons and that is one peck Winchester measure Now to give it at twice it fills the stomack more makes the digestion wors● and the appetite weak whereas to give less but more oft the stomack is ever craving the digestion always ready and the appetite never wanting so that health without disorder can never be a stranger therefore once again thus for ordinary keeping Of giving Heats Hunting and Travell But if you intend to give an heat as to hunt gallop travell or the like which I would wish you to do once twice or thrice a week according to the ability of your horse then observe all your former observations onely the night before give him little or no hay at all In the morning before his heat very early and before his dressing give him three or four handfull of clean sifted oats washt either in strong Beer or Ale Then dress him saddle him and give him his hear he having first emptied himself well Ordering after Labour After his heat , or end of labour rub him carefully and bring him dry into the stable then after he is cloathed up let him stand on his bridle at least two hours then give him a little bundle of hay to teare out upon his bridle and an hour after feed him as hath been before shewed onely with his first oats give him an handfull or better of hemp-seed well dusted and mixt At night warm him a little water and give it him luke-warm with a little fine pounded Oatmeal thrown upon it then an hour after give him his provender and a pretty bundle of hay and so let him rest till the next morning The next morning do all things as in his ordinary keeping Some especiall Precepts If he be a choice horse let him stand on litter both night and day yet change oft and keep the planchers clean If he be otherwise then use your own discretion If you intend to travell or journey in the morning then give no hay or but little the night before if you journey in the afternoon then give no hay or but little in the morning If your horse sweat by exercise take off the sweat before you rub him with the Glassing-knife which is either a piece of a broken sword-blade or a piece of a broken Syth for this will make a clean a smooth and a shining coat In journeying ride moderately the first hour or two but after according to your occassions Water before you come to your Inne if you can possibly but if you cannot then give warm water in the Inne after the Horse hath fed and is fully cooled within and outwardly dried Trotters oyl is an excellent oyntment being applied very warm and well chafed into your horses limbs and sinews to nimble and help stifness and lameness And Dogs grease is better therefore never want one of them in your stable Of washing and Walking Neither wash your horse nor walk your horse for the first indangereth foundring in the body or feet and breedeth all surfaits the latter is the ground of all strong colds which turn to glanders and rottenness but if necessity compell you to either as foul waies or long stays then rather wash your Horses leggs with pailes of water at the stable door then to indanger him in either pond or river And for walking rather sit on his back to keep his Spirits stirring then to lead him in his hand and with dull spirits to receive all manner of mischiefs This I think sufficient for the office of the Keeper THE OFFICE OF THE AMBLER Observations in Ambling THere is not any motion in an horse more desired more usefull nor indeed more hard to be attained unto by a right way then the motion of Ambling and yet is we will beleeve the protestations of the Professors not any thing in all the Art of Horsmanship more easie or more severall ways to be effected every man conceiving to himself a severall method and all those methods held as infallible maxims that can never fail in the accomplishment of the work Mens opinions and Errors But they which know truths know the errors in these opinions for albeit every man that hath hardly a smell of Horsmanship can discourse of a way how to make an horse amble yet when they come to the performance of the motion their failings are so great and their errors so gross that for mine own part I never yet saw an exact Ambler I confess some one man may make some one horse amble well and perfectly nay more then one peradventure many and thereby assume to himself a name of perfection yet such a man have I seen erre grosly and spoyl more then his labour was able to recompence But leaving mens errors because they are past my reformation I will onely touch at some principall observations which in mine opinion I hold to be the easiest the certainest and readiest for the effecting of this work and withall glance at those absurdities which I have seen followed though to little purpose and less benefit Ambling by the plowed field There is one commends the new plowed lands and affirms that by toyling the horse thereon in his foot pace there is no way so excellent for the making of him to amble but he forgets what weakness nay what lameness such disorderly toyle brings to a young horse nay to any horse because the work cannot be done without weariness and no weariness is wholsome Ambling by the Gallop Another will teach his horse to amble from the Gallop by sudden stopping a more sudden chocking him in the cheeks of the mouth

well and thus do once a day and in nine days the cure hath been effected A sudden cure for a knock or brnise on the sinews Take a live cat wild or tame and cut off her head and tail then cleave her down the chine and clap her hot b●wels and all to the bruise and remove it not for two days For a strain newly done to help it in 24 hours Take the grounds of Ale or Beer a quart as much parsley chopt gross as you can gripe boyl them till the herb be soft then put to it a quarter of a pound of sweet butter and when it is molten take it from the fire and put into it a pint of Wine vinegar and if it be too thin thicken it with Wheat bran then lay it upon hurds and poultess-wise as hot as the horse can suffer it and remove it once in twelve hours and give the horse moderate exercise Markhams own Balme which hath never failed him for any strain in the shoulder or other parts hid or apparent or for any wind-gall or swelling Take ten ounces of Peice-grease and melt it on the fire then take it off and put into it four ounces of the oyle of Spike one ounce of the oyle of Origanum an ounce and a halfe of the oyle of Exceter and three ounces of the oyle of St. Johns wort stirre them well together then put it up into a Gallipot With this Oyntment or indeed pretious Balm hot anoint the grieved part and rub and chafe it in very much holding an hot Bar of Iron before it and thus anoint it once in two days but rub and chafe it in twice or rhrice a day and give the horse moderate exercise For Sinews that are extended overstrained and so weakned that the member is useless Take of Cantharides Euforbium and Mercury of each like quantity and of oyle de Bay double as much as of all the rest bring the hard Simples to powder and beat all to a salve apply this to the griefe being desperate and though it make a sore it will give strength and straightness to the sinews For the sore you may cure it either with Populeon fresh Butter or Deers grease warm Another of the same nature but more gentle Take Turpentine two ounces Verdigrease three ounces Hoggs grease six ounces boyl them till the Verdigrease be desolved then take Rosin Bees wax of each two ounces mix all together then apply it to the place grieved hot A charge for a new strain or grief proceeding from heat Take the whites of six Eggs and beat them with a pint of vinegar the oyle of Roses and Myrtles of each an ounce Bolearmony four ounces as much Sanguis Dracones and with as much Bean flower or Wheat flower but Bean is the best as will thicken it bring it to a salve and spreading it one hurds lap it about the grieved part and renew it not till it be dry For Aches Cramps and hid paines Take Deers Suet or for want of it sweet Butter half a pound of Aquavitae a Gill of Saffron half a dram Pepper beaten and searc'd three drams Garlick bruised three heads mix all together and let them stew on the fire and not boyl till it come to a salve With this very warme chafe the grief then anoint a brown paper therewith and very hot apply to the place also and roll it up Do this morning and evening For swelled or garded leggs whether by Grease or other accident If your horses leggs be swelled onely because the grease is fallen into them there is no other outward ulcer neither will the bathing with cold fountain water and other ordinary helps asswage them then take a pottle of wine lees or else the grownds of strong Ale or Beer and boile it with a pound of hogs grease then with as much wheat bran as will thicken it make thereof a Pultiss then having made the horse an hose of wollen cloath fill it with this pultiss as hot as the horse can suffer it then close up the hose and let it abide two days the third day open the hose at the top but stir not the pultiss onely take molten Hoggs grease very hot and put it to the pultiss whilst it will receive any for that wil renew the strength thereof then close the hose and let him stand either two days or three Then you may open the legg and rub it down and if you find strong occasion you may apply another if not the cure is wrought Now if besides the swelling your horse have ulcers chaps and soars then apply the pultiss as before shewed and after a weeks application take a quart of old urine and put to it half an handful of salt as much Allume and half an ounce of white Copperas boyl them together and with it wash the sore once or twice a day Then after a little drying anoint them with the oyntment called Aegiptiacum and is made of vinegar eight ounces of hony twelv ounces of verdigreas two ounces of Allum an ounce and an halfe and boyled to the height till it come to a red salve and it will both kill the malignant humors and heal and dry up the soars For sweld leggs whether by grease goutiness wind or travell First bathe them well with the Pickle or Brine which comes from Olives being made hot then take a pint of Train oyl as much nerve oyl and as much oyl de Bay a quarter of a pound of Allum half a pint of Sallet oyl half a pound of Hogs grease put all these to a pottle of old urine and with an handfull or two of Mallows Oatmeal bruised and Bran boyl them to a pultiss and very hot apply it to the grief Do thus once in two days For gardings in joynts Make a very strong Brine of Water and Salt and to a pottie thereof put two or three handfull of Rew and boyl it till the herb be soft then with this water very hot bathe the grieved part Then take a flat bagg fild with Salt and heated hot at the fire and lap it about the grief also And thus do once or twice a day For Scratches at the first appearance Take Hogs grease and black sope of each eight ounces Brimstone Lime Gunpowder each three ounces and soot as much as will suffice to bring the rest to a salve boyl the Hogs grease and ●●pe together and bring the other to a fine powder and mix all together and make a black oyntment with this anoint the soars once a day after they are cleansed and made raw For Scratches of long continuance Take hony Verdigrease Brimstone bruised small green Copperas and Bay salt of each like quantity boyl these with a double quantity of Hogs grease and put to it a big root of Elicampan bruised in red wine vinegar apply this to the sores very hot after you have cut a way the hair and made the sores raw as also suppled them by bathing them