Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	foul_a	little_a	night_n	3,266	5	10.0921	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51971	The perfect horseman, or, The experienced secrets of Mr. Markham's fifty years practice shewing how a man may come to be a general horseman, by the knowledge of these seven offices, viz. the breeder, feeder, ambler, rider, keeper, buyer, farrier / and now published by Lancelot Thetford, practitioner in the same art for the space of forty years.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.; Thetford, Lancelot.	1656 (1656)	Wing M671; ESTC R20972	71,548	192

so as there may be nothing but the clean Beans to these oats and beans you shall break two or three shives of bread clean chipt and give all to the horse and so leave him for two or three hours At evening before you dress him give him the like quantity of oates beans and bread and when he hath eaten them bridle him dress and cloathe him for you shall neither saddle or air him forth because this evening after his heat the horse being foul and the scouring yet working in his body he may not receive any cold water at all After he is drest and hath stood two hours on his bridle then take three pints of clean sifted oats and wash them in strong Ale and give them to the horse for this will inwardly cool him as if he had drunk water After he hath eaten his washt meat and rested upon it a little space you shall at his feeding times which hath been spoken of before with oats and spelt Beans or Oats and bread or all together or each severall and simple of it self according to the appetite and liking of the horse feed him that night in plentifull manner and leave a knob of hay in his rack when ye go to bed The next day very early first feed then dress cloath saddle air water and bring home as at other times onely have a more carefull eye to his emptying and see how his grease and foulness wasteth At his feeding times feed as was last shewed you onely but little hay and keep your heating days and the preparation the day before as was before shewed without omission or addition Thus you shall spend the second fortnight in which your horse having received 4 heats horsman like given him and four scourings there is no doubt but his body will be drawn inwardly clean you shall then the third fortnight order him according to the Rules following The third fortnights feeding This third fortnight you shall make his bread finer then it was formerly as thus The second Bread You shall take two pecks of clean Beans and two pecks of fine Wheat grind them on the black stones searce them through a fine Raunge and knead it up with Barm and great store of lightning working it in all points and baking it in the same sort as was shewed you in the former bread With this bread having the crust cut clean away and being old as before shewed with spelt Beans and clean sifted Oats feed your horse this fortnight as you did the former observe his dressings airings feedings heatings and preparation as in the former fortnight onely with these differences First you shall not give your Heats so violently as before but with a little more pleasure as thus If the first heat have violence the second shall have ease and indeed none to overstrain him or to make his body sore Next you shall not after his heats give him any more of the former scouring but instead thereof instantly upon the end of the heat after the horse is a little cooled and cloathed up and in the same place where you rub him give him a Ball as big as an hens egg of that Confection which is mentioned in the office of the Farrier and goeth by this title The true manner of making those Cordial Balls which cure any violent cold or glanders which c The Fourth and last fortnights feeding The fourth and last fortnight you shall make your bread much finer then either of the former The last and best Bread Take three pecks of fine Wheat and one peck of Beans grind them on the black stones and boult them through the finest boulter you can get then knead it up with sweet Ale Barm and new strong Ale and the Barm beaten together and the whites of twenty or thirty eggs but in any wise no water at all but in stead thereof some small quantity of new milk then work it up bake it and order it as the former With this bread having the crust cut clean away and with Oats well ●unned beaten and rubbed between your hands then new winnowed sifted and drest with the purest spelt Beans and some fine Chiltern Wheat with any simple or any compound feed your horse at his feeding times as in the fortnight last mentioned You shall keep your heating days the first week or fortnight as you did the former fortnight but the last week you shall forbear one heat and not give any five days before the match day onely you shall give him strong and long airings You shall not need this fortnight to give him any scouring at all If this fortnight morning and evening you burn the best Frankinsence in your stable you shall find it exceeding wholsom for the Horse and he will take wonderfull delight therein In this fortnight when you give the Horse any washt meat wash it in the whites of eggs or Muskadine for that is more wholsom and less pursie This fortnight give the horse no hay but what he taketh out of your hand after his heats and that in little quantity and clear dusted The last week of this fortnight if the horse be a foule feeder you must use the Muzzell continually but if he be a clean Feeder then three days before the match is sufficient The morning the day before your match feed well both before and after airing and water as at other times before noon and after noon scant his portion of meat a little before and after evening airing feed as at noon and water as at other times but be sure to come home before sun-set Late at night feed as you did in the evening Now I do not set you down what meat to feed withall because you must be ruled according to the Horses stomack and what best he liketh of that give him a pretty pittance whether simple or compounded onely as neer as you can forbear bread and beans This day you shall coule your horse shoo him and do all extraordinary things of ornament about him provided there be nothing to give offence or hinder him in feeding resting emptying or any other naturall or beneficiall action For I have heard some Horsmen say That when they had shod their Horses with light shooes and none other actions of ornament about them the night before the course that their horses have taken such speciall notice thereof that they have refused both to eat lie down or empty But you must understand that those horses must be old and long experienced in this exercise or otherwise find distast at these actions as uneasiness in shooes heat and closness in the muzzell disorderly platting or folding tails and the like or they cannot reach these subtile apprehensions For mine own part touching the nice and strait plaiting up of horses tails in the manner of Sakers or Docks with tape or ribban which is now in generall use howsoever the ornament may appear great to the eye yet I do not much affect it because I know if

more certainty And that is first to be sure to have them both at one dyet as the Mare at grass and the horse at soil then finding the Mare by tryal ready put them together into some closewalled Paddock where there is store of sweet grass and sweet water just upon the going down of the sun and as neer as you can observe either three days after the change or three days before the full of the Moon and let them remain close together two whole nights and one day and take the horse from her at sunrise How many Mares for one Horse If you cover abroad as I spake before at random an Horse may well serve twelve Mares if you expect no other service of him If you cover in the house where he hath extraordinary keeping and little chasing he will satisfie fifteen But if you cover in the Paddock then I have known an high spirited Horse for own year serve to keep you Mares ●n an indifferent estate of body for too much fatness hinders conception and too much leanness abates lust Ordering after Covering After your Mares are covered keep them as much as you can from disturbance especially for a moneth after covering and a moneth before quickning yet if necessity compell you may give them moderate exercise either in journeying or otherwise yet remember if you keep the Mare in the house at had meat she will spring early and much and sudden cold after is dangerous for imborsement Also remember that a Mare at her first quickning is like a Fruit-tree whose Blossoms at the first appearance are tender and easily destroyed with every shake of wind or nip of Frost but after they are knit and fixt they are hardly beaten down with cudgels To help Mares in Foaling If any of your Mares be hard of foaling or in danger in foaling then either hold her nostrils so that she cannot draw wind or if that prevail not then take the quantity of a Walnut or better of Madder and dissolve it in a pint of old Ale and being warm give it the Mare If both fail then take the help of some understanding Midwife Now if after her foaling she do not cleans● or avoid her Secundine then boil two or three handfull of Fennel in running water and take half a pint thereof and as much Malmsie with a fourth part of Sallet-oil and mixing them together give it the Mare luke-warm into her nostrils then hold them close a little space after it otherwise for want of this give her green forrage that is either green Wheat or Rye but Rye is best and they are as effectual By no means let the Mare eat her cleansing which many will cove● for it is unwho●som and an hinderance to her milk How long Foals to run with their Dams Let Foals run with their Dams if you have go●d accommodation for them a full year at the least or if they be choice and principal bred Foals then two years if possibly you can For the going over the Mare will be no loss in comparison of the excellenc●● to which the Foal will attain by such suff●●●nce But if you want good accommodation th●n wean at seven moneths but be sure ●● keep them lustily for what they lose in the first year they will hardly gain in three following And at the weaning give them saven and butt●r for divers mornings or the Worm or Gargel will hazard to destroy them Besides have an eye to the Strangle for it is apt to assay them and not taken in time will prove mortal The first winter spare neither Hay nor Corn that is Oats in the chaff or in the sheaf the cha●fing of Wheat Barley or Rye and indeed any Offal that comes from any Grain whatsoever To know a true Shape Spirit and Height The same shape which a Foal carries at a full month old he will carry at six years old if he be not abused in after-keeping and as the good shape so the defects also A large shin-bone that is long from the knee to the pastern in a Foal shews a tall Horse Look what space there is in a Foal new foaled between his knee and withers double that will be his height when he is a compleat Horse Foals that are of stirring spirits free from affrights wanton of disposition active in leaping running and chasing ever leading the way and striving for mastery these always prove excellent metal'd horse● the contrary Jades To know Goodness There is a Rule and it is a good one that an Horses ability and continuance in goodness is known by his Hoofs For if they be strong smooth hard deep tough uprightstanding and hollow that Horse cannot be evil For they are the foundation of his building and lend fortitude to all the rest If they be otherwise he cannot be good or lasting Whence it comes to pass that no Horse naturally hath so good hoofs as the Barbary and it is indeed the only character by which to know him from all other horses Weaning of Foals Wean your ordinary Foals from their Dams at the end of seven months at the utmost the better at a year two or more And observing so to divide them that neither the Foals nor the Dams may be within the hearing of one anothers call For which cause it is thought fit to house the Foals for two or three nights on the mornings whereof you shall give the Saven and Butter before spoken of that they may forget the Dams and send the Mares to their Pasture Also observe to keep them as high as is possible the second year but the third and fourth year you may put them to harder grasing Separating of Colts As you separate Foals from the Dams so you must divide the Mare-Colts for it is certain that amongst these high-bred spirits and with this lofty and full feeding the Hors-Colts will cove● to cover the Mare-Colts at a year as I have seen by experience and it is the destruction of both Again if you have such store of grounds you may separate one years Breed from another This is the safest course because of continual familiarity for change of quality Gelding of Colts If you intend to geld any of your Colts the only best time and which maketh the finest Geldings is at nine days old or as soon as you perceive the stones to fall for then is the least danger and it maketh f●●est Crests The time of the Moon to geld in is in the Wane the sign in Aries or Virgo the time of the year in generall is the Spring or Fall and although the earlier you geld the better and safer yet notwithstanding you may safely geld at any time or any age even from Foal old age and although the elder the greater swelling yet more exercise and more chasing will asswage it Taming of Colts Touching the taming of Colts or making them domestick or familiar you shall begin even from the first weaning and so winter after winter in the house

quart at a meal seeing there be many horses that will eat a much larger proportion and to scant them to this little were to starve o● at the best to breed weakness But if I be understood rightly I set not this down as an infallible Rule but a President that may be imitated yet altered at pleasure For I have left you this Caveat That if your horse eat this with a good stomack you may give him another leaving the proportion to the Feeders discretion because it is impossible in writing to make one measure for all stomacks And for min● own part I chose the quart as the most indifferent proportion for albeit many horses will eat more yet I have known some that would hardly eat this And believe it what horse soever shall but eat this and in this manner he shall neither starve lose strength nor be much hungry So now again to the giving of Heats Four considerations in giving of Heats Now touching Heats you are to take to your self these four Considerations 1. That two Heats in the week is a sufficient proportion for any horse of what condition or state of body soever 2. That one heat should ever be given on that day in the week on which he is to run his Match as thus Your Match-day is a Monday your Heating-days are then Mondays and Fridays and the Monday to be ever the sharper heat both because it is the day of his Match and there is three days rest betwixt it and the other heat If the day ●e Tuesday then the heating days are Tuesdays and Saturdays if Wednesday then Wednesdays and Saturdays by reason of the Lords day if on Thursdays then Thursdays and Mondays and so of the rest 2. You shall give no heat except in case of extremity in rain or foul weather but rather to defer hours and change times for it is unwholsom and dangerous And therefore in case of showers and incertain weather you shall have for the horse a lined hood with lined ears and the nape of the nec● lined to keep out rain for nothing ● more dangerous then cold wet falling into the ears and upon the nape of the neck and Fillets 4 Lastly observe to give the heats the weather being seasonable as early in the morning as you can that is by the spring of day but by no means in the dark for ● is to the horse both unwholsom and unpleasant to the man a great testimony o● folly and to both an act of danger and precipitation The second fortnights feeding Now to come to the second fortnight feeding touching your first approaching to the Stable and all other by respects a● cleansing and the like you shall do all things as in the first fortnight onely before yo● put on his Bridle give him a quart of oats which as soon as he hath eaten bridle him up and dress him as before shewed then cloath saddle air water exercise and bring him home as before shewed onely you shall not put hay into his rack to tear out but let him eat it out of your hands handfull after handfull and so leave him on his bridle for an hour more then come to him and after rubbing and other ceremonies sist him a quart of oats and set them by then take a loaf of bread that is three days old or thereabout and made in this manner The first Bread Take three pecks of clean Beans and one peck of Wheat mix them together and grind them then boult it through a reasonable fine Raunge and knead it up with great ●●ore of Barm and lightning but with as little water as may be labour it in the Trough painfully knead it break it and after cover it warm and let it lye and swell then knead it over again and mould it up into big loaves like twelvepeny houshold loaves and so bake it well and let it soak soundly after they are drawn turn the bottoms upward and let them cool At three daies old or thereabout you may give this bread but hardly sooner for nothing is worse then new bread yet if necessity compell you that you must sooner give it or that the bread be clammy or dank so as the Horse taketh distast thereat then cut the loaf into thin shivers and lay it abroad in the Sive to dry then crumbling it smal with his oats you may give it safely But to return to my purpose when you have taken a loaf of this bread chip it very well then cut it into thin slyves and put three or four thereof small broken into his oats you had before sifted and so give them to him About eleven a clock come to him and by ceremonies give him the same quantity of bread and oats and so leave him till afternoon At one a clock in the afternoon if you intend not to give him a heat the next day feed him with bread and oats as you did in the fore-noon and so consequently every meal following for that day observing every action and motion as before shewed But if you intend the next day to give him an heat to which I now bend mine aym you shall then only give him a quart of oats clear sifted but no hay and so let him rest till evening At four a clock before you put on his bridle give him a quart of clean sifted oats and when they are eaten bridle him up dress cloath saddle air water exercise bring home and order as before shewed onely give no hay at all After he hath stood an hour on his bridle give him a quart of oats and when they are caten put on his head a sweet muzzel and so let him rest till nine a clock at night Now as touching the use of this Muzzell and which is the best you shall understand that as they are most usefull being good and rightly made so they are dangerous and hurtfull being abused and falsly made The true use of them is to keep the horse from eating up his litter from gnawing upon boards and mud-walls and indeed to keep him from eating any thing but what he receiveth from your own hands These Muzzels are somtimes made of leather and stampt full of holes or else close but they are unsavoury and unwholsom for if it be allomed leather the allom is offensive if it be tann'd or liquored leather the Tanners ouze and grease are fully as unpleasant Besides they are too close and too hot and both make an horse sick and cause him to retain his dung longer in his body then otherwise he would do The best Summer Muzzell and indeed the best generally at all times is the Nermuzzell made of Strong pack-threed and knit exceeding thick and close in the bottom and so inlarged wider and wider upward to the middle of the horses head then bound about the top with Tape and on the nearside a loop and on the farre-side a long string to fasten it to the horses head The best Winter-muzzell and indeed

from the knees and cambrels downwards either with clarified Doggs grease which is the best or Trotters oyl which is the next or else the best Ho●s grease which is sufficient and to work i● in with the labour of his hands and not with fire for what he gets not in the first night will be got in the next morning and what is not got in the next morning will bee got in when he comes to uncloath at the end of the course so that you shall need to use the oyntment but once but the Friscase or Rubbing as oft as you find opportunity Observation for water Our Feeder shall observe that albeit I give no direction for watering the horse after the heats yet he may in any of the later fortnights finding his horse clean and his grease consumed somwhat late at night as about six a clock give him water in reasonable quantity being made luke warm and fasting an hour after it Also if through the unseasonableness of the weather you cannot water abroad then you shall at your watering hours water in the house with warm water as aforesaid Nor need you in this case heat all your water but making a little very hot put it into a greater and so make all luke-warm If you throw an handfull of Wheat-meal Bran or Oat-meal finely powdred but Oat-meal is the best into the water it is very wholsome Observation for the ground to run on Our Feeder shall observe That if the ground whereon he is to run his match be dangerous and apt for mischievous accidents as strains over-reaches sinew bruises and the like that then he is not bound to give all his heats thereon but having made the Horse acquainted with the nature thereof then either to take part of the Course as a mile two or three according to the goodness of the ground and so to run his horse forth and again which we call turning heats provided always that he end his heat at the weighing-post and that he make not his course less but rather more in quantity then that he must run But if for some especiall causes he like no part of the course then he may many times but not ever give his heat upon any other good ground about any spatious and large field where the horse may lay down his body and run at pleasure Observation from Sweat Our feeder shall take especiall regard in al his airings heatings and all manner of exercises whatsoever to the sweating of his horse and the occasions of his sweating as if an horse sweat upon little or no occasion as walking a foot pace standing stil in the stable and the like it is then apparent that the horse i● faint foul fed and wanteth exercise If upon good occasion as strong heats great labour and the like he sweat yet his sweat is white froth and like sope-suds then is the horse inwardly soul and wanteth also exercise But if the sweat be black and as it were only water thrown upon him without any frothiness then is the horse clean fed in good lust and good case and you may adventure riding without danger Observation from the Hair Our Feeder shall observe his horses Hair in generall but especially his neck and those parts which are uncovered and if they lie slick smooth and close and hold the beauty of their naturall colour then is the Horse in good case but if they be rough or staring or if they be discoloured then is the horse inwardly cold at the heart and wanteth both cloathes and warm keeping Many other Observations there be but these are most materiall and I hope sufficient for any reasonable understanding THE OFFICE OF THE KEEPER How to keep any Horse for pleasure Hunting or Travel c. I Would have our Keeper of these ordered Horses to rise early in the morning of day or before according to the season of the year and to sift the Horse the quantity of three pints of good old and dry Oats and put to them an hand full or two of spelt Beans hulls and all and so give them to the Horse Of Dressing and Watering After he hath eaten them let him dres him that is to say he shall first curry him all over with the Iron comb from the head to the tail from the top of the shoulder to the knee and from the top of his buttock to the hinder cambrell then dust him all over with a clean dusting cloath or with an horse tail made fast to an handle then curry him all over with the french brush beginning with his forehead temples and cheeks so down his neck shoulders and fore leggs even to the setting on of his Hooves so alongst his sides and under his belly and lastly all about his buttocks and hinder leggs even to the ground then you shall go over again with your duster then over all parts with your wet hands and not leave as neer as you can one loose hair about him nor one wet hair for what your hands did wet your hands must rub dry again you shall also with your wet hands cleanse his sheath his yard his cods and his tuell and indeed not leave any secret place uncleansed as ears nostrils fore-bowels and between his hinder thighs Then you shall take an hair-cloath and with it rub him all over but especially his head face eyes cheeks between his chaps on the top of his fore-head in the nape of the neck down his leggs feetlocks and about his pasterns Lastly you shall take a clean woolen cloath and with it rub him all over beginning with his head and face and so passing through all parts of his body and limbs before spoken of Then take a wet mane-cloath and comb down his mane and tail Then saddle him and ride him out to water warm him both before and after water very moderately and so bring him home dry without sweat then cloath him up after you have rubbed his head body and leggs and let him stand on his bridle more then an hour Ordinary-Keeping After he hath stood an hour give him the former quantity of provender and the same in kind After he hath eaten his provender give him into his rack a pretty bundle of hay and so let him rest till noon At noon give him the former quantity of provender and the same in kind and so let him rest till evening onely renewing his hay if there be occasion At evening dress him as in the morning then ride him forth to water and do as you did in the morning When you come home and have cloathed him up let him stand on his bridle as before then give him the former quantity of provender so let him rest till nine a clock at night at which time give him the former quantity of provender and a pretty bundle of hay and so let him rest till the next morning Also observing ordinary keeping ever after your dressing and at such times as you find best convenience to

bathe all his fore-leggs from the knees and Cambrels downward with cold water for it is wholsome and both comforteth the sinews and prevents scabbs and swellings Keeping in Travell and Sport Thus you shall do concerning his ordinary keeping at home where the Horse hath rest and that you may dispose of hours as you please but if you be either in travel in sport or other occasion so that you cannot observe these particular times then you must divide the main and whole quantity of mea● into fewer parts and greater quantities and so give them at the best convenience ever observing to give the least quantity before travel as a third part before mounture and the two other when you come to rest Nor would I have you to distract your mind with any doubt or amazement because I prescribe you five severall times of feeding in one day as if it should either over-charge you or over-feed your horse questionless there is no such matter when you look into the true proportion for it cannot be denied that whosoever is worthy of a good horse or good means to keep a good horse cannot allow him less then one peck a day nay the Carrier Carter Poulter and Packhorse will allow half a peck at waterings and this allowance which I set down comes to no more for fifteen pints of oats and one pint of spelt beans upheaped makes two gallons and that is one peck Winchester measure Now to give it at twice it fills the stomack more makes the digestion wors● and the appetite weak whereas to give less but more oft the stomack is ever craving the digestion always ready and the appetite never wanting so that health without disorder can never be a stranger therefore once again thus for ordinary keeping Of giving Heats Hunting and Travell But if you intend to give an heat as to hunt gallop travell or the like which I would wish you to do once twice or thrice a week according to the ability of your horse then observe all your former observations onely the night before give him little or no hay at all In the morning before his heat very early and before his dressing give him three or four handfull of clean sifted oats washt either in strong Beer or Ale Then dress him saddle him and give him his hear he having first emptied himself well Ordering after Labour After his heat , or end of labour rub him carefully and bring him dry into the stable then after he is cloathed up let him stand on his bridle at least two hours then give him a little bundle of hay to teare out upon his bridle and an hour after feed him as hath been before shewed onely with his first oats give him an handfull or better of hemp-seed well dusted and mixt At night warm him a little water and give it him luke-warm with a little fine pounded Oatmeal thrown upon it then an hour after give him his provender and a pretty bundle of hay and so let him rest till the next morning The next morning do all things as in his ordinary keeping Some especiall Precepts If he be a choice horse let him stand on litter both night and day yet change oft and keep the planchers clean If he be otherwise then use your own discretion If you intend to travell or journey in the morning then give no hay or but little the night before if you journey in the afternoon then give no hay or but little in the morning If your horse sweat by exercise take off the sweat before you rub him with the Glassing-knife which is either a piece of a broken sword-blade or a piece of a broken Syth for this will make a clean a smooth and a shining coat In journeying ride moderately the first hour or two but after according to your occassions Water before you come to your Inne if you can possibly but if you cannot then give warm water in the Inne after the Horse hath fed and is fully cooled within and outwardly dried Trotters oyl is an excellent oyntment being applied very warm and well chafed into your horses limbs and sinews to nimble and help stifness and lameness And Dogs grease is better therefore never want one of them in your stable Of washing and Walking Neither wash your horse nor walk your horse for the first indangereth foundring in the body or feet and breedeth all surfaits the latter is the ground of all strong colds which turn to glanders and rottenness but if necessity compell you to either as foul waies or long stays then rather wash your Horses leggs with pailes of water at the stable door then to indanger him in either pond or river And for walking rather sit on his back to keep his Spirits stirring then to lead him in his hand and with dull spirits to receive all manner of mischiefs This I think sufficient for the office of the Keeper THE OFFICE OF THE AMBLER Observations in Ambling THere is not any motion in an horse more desired more usefull nor indeed more hard to be attained unto by a right way then the motion of Ambling and yet is we will beleeve the protestations of the Professors not any thing in all the Art of Horsmanship more easie or more severall ways to be effected every man conceiving to himself a severall method and all those methods held as infallible maxims that can never fail in the accomplishment of the work Mens opinions and Errors But they which know truths know the errors in these opinions for albeit every man that hath hardly a smell of Horsmanship can discourse of a way how to make an horse amble yet when they come to the performance of the motion their failings are so great and their errors so gross that for mine own part I never yet saw an exact Ambler I confess some one man may make some one horse amble well and perfectly nay more then one peradventure many and thereby assume to himself a name of perfection yet such a man have I seen erre grosly and spoyl more then his labour was able to recompence But leaving mens errors because they are past my reformation I will onely touch at some principall observations which in mine opinion I hold to be the easiest the certainest and readiest for the effecting of this work and withall glance at those absurdities which I have seen followed though to little purpose and less benefit Ambling by the plowed field There is one commends the new plowed lands and affirms that by toyling the horse thereon in his foot pace there is no way so excellent for the making of him to amble but he forgets what weakness nay what lameness such disorderly toyle brings to a young horse nay to any horse because the work cannot be done without weariness and no weariness is wholsome Ambling by the Gallop Another will teach his horse to amble from the Gallop by sudden stopping a more sudden chocking him in the cheeks of the mouth