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the_o labour_n of_o get_v the_o wax_n shape_v for_o my_o purpose_n with_o tool_n which_o may_v have_v be_v do_v but_o not_o without_o trouble_n and_o less_o exactness_n and_o now_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o i_o to_o try_v the_o experiment_n i_o design_v for_o pour_v in_o wary_o some_o water_n between_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o wax_n so_o that_o it_o fill_v all_o the_o interval_n leave_v between_o those_o two_o body_n both_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o side_n the_o wax_n be_v make_v present_o to_o float_v be_v visible_o lift_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n and_o its_o upper_a part_n appear_v a_o little_a above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o i_o do_v and_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v according_a to_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o hydrostaticks_n for_o water_n be_v somewhat_o though_o but_o little_a heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o wax_n and_o that_o which_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o bottom_n and_o stagnate_v there_o be_v press_v by_o the_o collateral_a 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in_o good_a scale_n amount_v to_o little_a above_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o wax_n which_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v wide_o enough_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o experiment_n will_v have_v succeed_v though_o the_o wax_n have_v outweigh_v the_o collateral_a water_n ten_o time_n more_o than_o in_o our_o experiment_n it_o do_v but_o that_o the_o solid_a body_n exceed_v almost_o four_o time_n the_o weight_n not_o only_o of_o the_o collateral_a but_o the_o stagnant_a liquor_n too_o do_v sufficient_o overthrow_v the_o doctor_n ratiocination_n who_o fallaciousness_n will_v yet_o further_o appear_v by_o two_o other_o improvement_n among_o other_o which_o i_o make_v of_o one_o experiment_n for_o i._o though_o we_o pour_v in_o more_o and_o more_o water_n as_o long_o as_o the_o vessel_n will_v contain_v any_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wax_n be_v but_o lift_v high_a and_o high_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o 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we_o have_v make_v the_o same_o lump_n of_o wax_n ready_o enough_o sink_v or_o float_v by_o the_o put_n in_o or_o take_v off_o a_o single_a grain_n or_o perhaps_o less_o by_o this_o you_o may_v see_v that_o for_o the_o regulation_n of_o hydrostatical_a thing_n nature_n have_v her_o balance_n too_o as_o well_o as_o art_n and_o that_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o nature_n the_o statical_a law_n be_v nice_o enough_o observe_v you_o may_v also_o take_v notice_n upon_o the_o by_o how_o little_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n upon_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o stagnant_a water_n be_v considerable_a whilst_o there_o be_v a_o pressure_n of_o collateral_a water_n to_o counterbalance_v it_o since_o in_o this_o last_o trial_n though_o the_o cylinder_n of_o incumbent_a water_n do_v continual_o increase_v or_o decrease_v in_o length_n whilst_o the_o lump_n of_o wax_n be_v sink_v or_o emerge_v yet_o the_o same_o despicable_a weight_n of_o a_o grain_n or_o less_o that_o be_v just_o able_a to_o depress_v it_o beneath_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n do_v by_o its_o pressure_n or_o removal_n procure_v its_o sink_n to_o the_o very_a bottom_n or_o rise_v again_o to_o the_o top_n and_o on_o both_o occasion_n with_o a_o equal_a slowness_n bate_v that_o little_a acceleration_n of_o motion_n that_o aught_o to_o happen_v upon_o another_o account_n and_o which_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o wax_n during_o its_o rise_n as_o well_o as_o during_o its_o sink_n chap._n iu._n some_o other_o phaenomena_n i_o produce_v by_o vary_v the_o hitherto_o mention_a experiment_n which_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o our_o notion_n about_o hydrostaticks_n but_o since_o they_o do_v not_o direct_o concern_v the_o present_a controversy_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o annex_v a_o couple_n the_o former_a whereof_o afford_v a_o easy_a confirmation_n of_o that_o paradox_n which_o we_o lay_v as_o the_o ground_n of_o divers_a other_o and_o the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v maintain_v not_o only_o by_o doctor_n more_o but_o by_o many_o other_o famous_a and_o learned_a man_n namely_o that_o in_o stagnant_a water_n the_o upper_a part_n do_v actual_o press_v the_o low_a we_o take_v then_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n who_o cavity_n be_v narrow_a than_o that_o of_o a_o ordinary_a goos-quill_n that_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v by_o one_o another_o in_o it_o this_o pipe_n near_o one_o end_n be_v bend_v upward_o like_o a_o syphon_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o short_a leg_n as_o parallel_v as_o the_o artificer_n can_v make_v it_o to_o the_o long_o into_o this_o crooked_a pipe_n we_o put_v a_o little_a oil_n and_o then_o hold_v it_o perpendicular_o in_o a_o somewhat_o deep_a and_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n fill_v partly_o with_o water_n and_o partly_o with_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o that_o already_o mention_v that_o so_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n upon_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n may_v impel_v the_o oil_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n somewhat_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n which_o it_o be_v convenient_a shall_v be_v do_v that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o oil_n and_o which_o we_o know_v must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o course_n we_o take_v both_o because_o oil_n be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o consequent_o require_v not_o a_o equal_a height_n of_o water_n to_o counterbalance_v it_o and_o because_o in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n water_n be_v wont_a to_o ascend_v a_o little_a above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o external_n water_n whereinto_o they_o be_v immerse_v the_o pipe_n be_v as_o be_v say_v hold_v upright_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o take_v notice_n by_o a_o mark_n fix_v
on_o the_o outside_n to_o what_o height_n the_o oil_n reach_v in_o it_o now_o if_o we_o conceive_v a_o horizontal_a plane_n parallel_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o float_a wax_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o show_v that_o of_o this_o imaginary_a plane_n that_o part_n on_o which_o the_o wax_n be_v incumbent_n be_v as_o strong_o press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o wax_n as_o the_o lateral_a part_n of_o the_o same_o plane_n be_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o it_o otherwise_o these_o pressure_n will_v not_o be_v aequipollent_a but_o the_o wax_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o consequent_o that_o part_n of_o this_o plane_n that_o be_v place_v direct_o over_o the_o orince_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v no_o more_o press_v than_o any_o equal_a portion_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o plane_n that_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o wax_n this_o body_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o 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since_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o wax_n do_v confiderable_o press_v that_o plane_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o water_n also_o which_o instead_o of_o it_o be_v able_a to_o impel_v up_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n do_v in_o like_a manner_n press_v that_o plane_n and_o consequent_o that_o water_n may_v gravitate_fw-la in_o water_n as_o well_o as_o a_o solid_a body_n such_o as_o wax_n be_v can_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o additional_a use_n i_o tell_v you_o i_o will_v make_v of_o our_o experiment_n but_o to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o second_o there_o be_v another_o phaenomenon_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o abovementioned_a tenderness_n of_o nature_n balance_n who_o use_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o less_o general_a concernment_n to_o the_o true_a doctrine_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n for_o by_o due_o consider_v that_o phaenomenon_n and_o reason_v a_o while_n upon_o it_o we_o may_v be_v help_v to_o rectify_v that_o plausible_a mistake_n which_o have_v long_o delude_v both_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n and_o do_v yet_o impose_v on_o most_o of_o they_o namely_o that_o a_o body_n do_v not_o actual_o gravitate_fw-la when_o it_o do_v not_o descend_v for_o we_o have_v see_v already_o and_o shall_v further_o show_v by_o and_o by_o that_o the_o sink_a wax_n and_o the_o brass_n grain_n that_o lie_v on_o it_o do_v actual_o press_v or_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n on_o which_o it_o be_v incumbent_n and_o consequent_o its_o pressure_n be_v not_o surmount_v by_o that_o of_o the_o collateral_a water_n which_o be_v unable_a to_o raise_v it_o must_v be_v as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o this_o collateral_a water_n therefore_o when_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o a_o single_a grain_n the_o wax_n with_o its_o incumbent_a weight_n be_v make_v to_o ascend_v and_o that_o but_o very_o slow_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o not_o gravitate_v before_o because_o it_o do_v not_o actual_o descend_v that_o it_o retain_v its_o gravity_n even_o whilst_o it_o ascend_v as_o may_v appear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o slowness_n of_o its_o motion_n upward_o proceed_v from_o its_o be_v in_o nature_n balance_n very_o little_o less_o heavy_a than_o it_o need_v be_v to_o countervail_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o collateral_a water_n but_o by_o this_o also_o that_o if_o but_o a_o single_a grain_n be_v lay_v on_o it_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o rise_v its_o ascension_n will_v be_v check_v and_o hinder_v which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o so_o inconsiderable_a a_o weight_n if_o the_o wax_n and_o the_o adhere_a metal_n do_v not_o even_o during_o their_o ascent_n retain_v their_o former_a gravity_n though_o that_o be_v frustrate_v as_o to_o the_o act_n of_o descend_v or_o so_o much_o as_o keep_v their_o station_n by_o the_o prevail_a pressure_n of_o the_o collateral_a water_n so_o that_o since_o as_o we_o find_v the_o wax_n and_o adhere_a metal_n amount_v to_o a_o good_a deal_n above_o 4000_o grain_n it_o do_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o nature_n weigh_v whilst_o it_o be_v ascend_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o 4000th_o part_v less_o than_o it_o do_v whilst_o it_o be_v actual_o descend_v chap._n v._n i_o shall_v beg_v your_o pardon_n sir_n for_o have_v detain_v you_o so_o long_o with_o my_o reply_n to_o a_o single_a objection_n of_o the_o doctor_n how_o pompous_o soever_o propose_v but_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o do_v some_o service_n to_o the_o true_a theory_n of_o hydrostaticks_n by_o take_v this_o occasion_n to_o present_v you_o some_o thing_n that_o i_o think_v not_o unlikely_a to_o illustrate_v some_o part_n of_o that_o theory_n though_o above_o what_o be_v necessary_a to_o answer_v the_o doctor_n argument_n to_o which_o i_o confess_v i_o be_v trouble_v to_o see_v so_o learned_a a_o man_n subjoin_v the_o follow_a conclusion_n haec_fw-la tam_fw-la luculenta_fw-la demonstratio_fw-la contra_fw-la gravitationem_fw-la particularum_fw-la aquae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la quamvis_fw-la junctae_fw-la situlae_fw-la fundum_fw-la urgeant_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la vera_fw-la atque_fw-la solida_fw-la equidem_fw-la nec_fw-la mei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la nec_fw-la ullius_fw-la unquam_fw-la mortalis_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la ratiociniis_fw-la credam_fw-la but_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o be_v as_o bad_a as_o his_o word_n but_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v as_o well_o as_o i_o do_v for_o he_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v very_o happy_a in_o other_o part_n of_o learning_n and_o of_o great_a moment_n that_o have_v have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o mistake_v in_o hydrostaticks_n a_o discipline_n which_o very_o few_o scholar_n have_v be_v at_o all_o verse_v in_o and_o about_o which_o divers_a of_o those_o few_o have_v have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o err_v not_o only_o in_o the_o conclusion_n they_o have_v draw_v but_o in_o the_o very_a principle_n they_o have_v embrace_v to_o the_o forego_n argument_n the_o doctor_n though_o he_o declare_v he_o think_v it_o needless_a add_v in_o the_o 5_o paragraph_v another_o take_v from_o the_o last_o experiment_n of_o my_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n by_o which_o he_o ingenuous_o acknowledge_v that_o i_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o have_v demonstrate_v what_o i_o pretend_v to_o about_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o stagnant_a water_n upon_o the_o low_a and_o i_o be_o sorry_a that_o i_o can_v in_o return_v acknowledge_v that_o his_o objection_n at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o cogent_a one_o for_o neither_o at_o the_o second_o nor_o three_o perusal_n can_v i_o clear_o discern_v where_o his_o ratiocination_n lie_v suppose_v it_o to_o be_v mean_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o my_o experiment_n and_o though_o i_o consult_v with_o some_o learned_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n whereof_o two_o be_v mathematician_n and_o one_o his_o particular_a friend_n yet_o they_o all_o confess_v he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v himself_o on_o this_o occasion_n nor_o can_v they_o show_v i_o to_o what_o argumentation_n i_o may_v proper_o direct_v my_o reply_n only_o one_o of_o the_o doctor_n correspondent_n have_v serious_o peruse_v his_o discourse_n and_o the_o annex_v scheme_n tell_v i_o that_o what_o seem_v the_o most_o probable_a to_o he_o be_v that_o though_o the_o doctor_n be_v too_o civil_a to_o give_v i_o in_o ter_z ninis_fw-la the_o lie_n yet_o he_o do_v indeed_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a which_o i_o can_v easy_o think_v the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v both_o before_o our_o whole_a society_n and_o very_o critical_o by_o its_o royal_a founder_n his_o majesty_n himself_o but_o since_o you_o have_v yourself_o see_v and_o make_v it_o more_o than_o once_o i_o need_v not_o spend_v word_n to_o convince_v you_o that_o the_o
of_o the_o viol_n like_o a_o skin_n clap_v together_o with_o many_o fold_n and_o wrinkle_n this_o do_v we_o let_v down_o the_o viol_n into_o a_o convenient_o shape_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o viol_n be_v poise_v beforehand_o for_o that_o purpose_n sink_v perpendicular_o in_o the_o liquor_n till_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v partly_o above_o and_o partly_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n then_o cover_v the_o external_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a receiver_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o and_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o be_v gradual_o withdraw_v the_o air_n in_o the_o float_a viol_n do_v little_a by_o little_a expand_v itself_o into_o the_o bladder_n and_o unfold_v the_o winkle_n of_o it_o till_o at_o length_n it_o become_v full_o blow_v without_o alter_v the_o erect_a posture_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o lean_v upon_o but_o this_o great_a expansion_n be_v make_v above_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o in_o a_o medium_n not_o 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interposition_n of_o that_o liquor_n for_o this_o pressure_n we_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v manifest_v in_o the_o first_o place_n by_o what_o it_o direct_o and_o positive_o operate_v upon_o body_n cover_v with_o water_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n by_o the_o thing_n that_o regular_o ensue_v upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o enclose_v air_n or_o the_o weaken_n of_o its_o spring_n exper._n i._n to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a way_n of_o show_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o trial_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o second_o way_n to_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o square_a glass-viol_n guess_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o hold_v between_o half_a a_o pint_n and_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o neck_n of_o this_o we_o lute_v on_o careful_o and_o strong_o for_o else_o it_o will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o over_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o small_a pipe_n at_o which_o the_o air_n pass_v in_o our_o engine_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n then_o whelm_v over_o this_o glass_n a_o great_a receiver_n we_o lute_v it_o strong_o to_o the_o engine_n that_o it_o may_v as_o well_o keep_v in_o the_o water_n as_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n and_o at_o the_o top_n pour_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o suffice_v to_o environ_v the_o internal_a receiver_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o and_o cover_v it_o to_o a_o pretty_a height_n this_o do_v we_o exact_o close_v with_o a_o turn_a key_n the_o holâ—_n in_o the_o great_a receiver_n at_o which_o the_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v in_o or_o out_o that_o way_n and_o last_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o internal_a receiver_n to_o the_o end_n that_o that_o air_n which_o by_o the_o abovementioned_a pipe_n have_v communication_n with_o the_o external_n air_n may_v no_o long_o by_o its_o pressure_n assist_v the_o glass_n to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n which_o the_o incumbent_n and_o enclose_v air_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n constant_o exercise_n upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n and_o by_o its_o intervention_n upon_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o internal_a receiver_n and_o as_o we_o expect_v not_o that_o this_o glass_n by_o its_o own_o single_a force_n shall_v resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a receiver_n notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o water_n so_o the_o event_n full_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n for_o at_o the_o first_o exuction_n which_o can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v well_o empty_v the_o internal_a glass_n this_o vessel_n be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superior_a air_n upon_o the_o circumstant_fw-la water_n break_v into_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o piece_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n though_o with_o a_o little_o slow_a success_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o strong_a internal_a glass_n exper._n ii_o i_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o second_o way_n of_o manifest_v the_o pressure_n of_o enclose_v air_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n which_o be_v by_o show_v the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o those_o body_n upon_o the_o removal_n or_o lessen_v of_o that_o pressure_n have_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o moderate_o size_a bladder_n the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o air_n we_o tie_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o very_o close_a and_o then_o fasten_v to_o it_o a_o competent_a weight_n we_o place_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tall_a and_o large_a glass_n we_o can_v cover_v with_o our_o great_a receiver_n that_o so_o though_o the_o incumbent_a air_n be_v pump_v out_o none_o of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v pump_v out_o with_o it_o but_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o height_n above_o the_o bladder_n have_v then_o pour_v upon_o the_o bladder_n as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v swim_v a_o great_a way_n above_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o we_o cover_v this_o glass_n of_o water_n with_o a_o great_a receiver_n which_o be_v careful_o cement_v on_o to_o the_o engine_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o and_o as_o the_o air_n which_o by_o its_o spring_n press_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o include_v water_n be_v by_o degree_n pump_v out_o so_o the_o air_n that_o be_v imprison_v in_o the_o bladder_n do_v gradual_o expand_v itself_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n as_o if_o no_o such_o liquor_n have_v interpose_v between_o they_o otherwise_o than_o by_o its_o weight_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o give_v some_o little_a impediment_n to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n it_o have_v above_o it_o the_o event_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v such_o as_o be_v expect_v namely_o that_o the_o immersed_a bladder_n be_v at_o length_n full_o blow_v by_o the_o
tell_v we_o that_o their_o attempt_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v but_o light_a skirmish_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v whereunto_o i_o shall_v therefore_o apply_v my_o attention_n this_o grand_a objection_n our_o learned_a adversary_n take_v from_o the_o already_o often-mentioned_a ascent_n of_o the_o sucker_n clog_v with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n and_o recommend_v by_o this_o introduction_n 140._o introduction_n p._n 140._o etenim_fw-la ex_fw-la ipsis_fw-la phaenomeni_fw-la visceribus_fw-la robustissimum_fw-la jam_fw-la contra_fw-la omnem_fw-la mechanicam_fw-la illius_fw-la solutionem_fw-la argumentum_fw-la eruo_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la contra_fw-la vim_o aeris_fw-la elasticam_fw-la suprà _fw-la dicto_fw-la modo_fw-la explicatam_fw-la militat_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la cartesianum_fw-la illum_fw-la aeris_fw-la conatum_fw-la nixúmque_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o premise_v the_o argument_n itself_o be_v thus_o propose_v 140._o p._n 140._o est_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o juxta_fw-la huius_fw-la experimenti_fw-la phaenomenon_n vis_fw-la illa_fw-la aeris_fw-la elastica_fw-la nixusque_fw-la expansorius_fw-la major_n multo_fw-la quà m_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la à _fw-la rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la quámque_fw-la quotidianis_fw-la illis_fw-la phaenomenis_fw-la congruit_fw-la nam_fw-la si_fw-la nixus_fw-la hic_fw-la elasticus_fw-la tantam_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la haberet_fw-la ut_fw-la plus_fw-la centum_fw-la pondo_fw-la plumbum_fw-la sursum_fw-la possit_fw-la propellere_fw-la omnes_fw-la profecto_fw-la rerum_fw-la terrestrium_fw-la compages_fw-la tantâ_fw-la violentiâ_fw-la comprimerentur_fw-la ut_fw-la nullae_fw-la nisi_fw-la quae_fw-la admodum_fw-la firmiter_fw-la compactae_fw-la sint_fw-la tantae_fw-la compressioni_fw-la resistere_fw-la possent_fw-la quin_fw-la confringerentur_fw-la vel_fw-la partium_fw-la collisione_n ita_fw-la contererentur_fw-la ut_fw-la brevi_fw-la tempore_fw-la perirent_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o objection_n be_v specious_a enough_o yet_o it_o present_v i_o with_o no_o difficulty_n that_o i_o be_v not_o well_o aware_a of_o as_o i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v by_o what_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a paper_n especial_o that_o which_o consist_v of_o experiment_n and_o consideration_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o solid_n weight_n and_o ambient_fw-la fluids_n the_o nature_n of_o which_o pressure_n and_o its_o equality_n as_o far_o as_o in_o our_o controversy_n it_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v suppose_v will_v i_o hope_v satisfy_v you_o of_o the_o invalidity_n of_o the_o propose_a objection_n especial_o since_o the_o doctrine_n it_o impugn_v namely_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o a_o bare_a hypothesis_n but_o a_o truth_n make_v out_o by_o divers_a experiment_n by_o which_o even_o profess_v opposer_n of_o it_o have_v public_o acknowledge_v themselves_o to_o be_v convince_v chap._n iu._n in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n which_o be_v the_o 11_o the_o learned_a doctor_n add_v a_o further_a objection_n wherein_o he_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v lay_v upon_o a_o wooden_a scale_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n with_o the_o abovementioned_a sucker_n a_o lump_n of_o butter_n of_o the_o same_o largeness_n with_o the_o scale_n whence_o he_o argue_v that_o if_o our_o hypothesis_n take_v place_n the_o butter_n must_v be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o cylinder_n of_o air_n the_o one_o press_v it_o upward_o the_o other_o downward_o and_o the_o pressure_n of_o they_o both_o amount_v to_o two_o hundred_o pound_n but_o say_v he_o the_o butter_n be_v not_o press_v at_o all_o as_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o no_o serous_a humour_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o it_o towards_o the_o edge_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o those_o part_n that_o lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n whence_o the_o conclusion_n seem_v easy_a to_o be_v deduce_v but_o in_o the_o 12_o paragraph_n the_o doctor_n himself_o propose_v a_o solution_n which_o he_o may_v easy_o foresee_v i_o will_v employ_v to_o invalidate_v his_o argument_n namely_o that_o the_o air_n press_v as_o well_o against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o butter_n as_o against_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n hinder_v the_o mass_n from_o horizontal_o extend_v itself_o and_o whereas_o by_o way_n of_o reply_n to_o this_o subterfuge_n as_o it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o margin_n he_o subjoin_v 142._o subjoin_v p._n 142._o cui_fw-la respondeo_fw-la quòd_fw-la tamen_fw-la hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la prohibet_fw-la quo_fw-la minùs_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la part_n horizontales_fw-la exprimatur_fw-la humour_n serosus_fw-la &_o lacteus_fw-la si_fw-la revera_fw-la esset_fw-la ulla_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la pressura_fw-la elastica_fw-la qualis_fw-la fingitur_fw-la the_o reply_n be_v easy_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n which_o be_v a_o fluid_a more_o subtle_a than_o buttermilk_n will_v as_o well_o hinder_v the_o start_n out_o of_o that_o liquor_n as_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o butter_n itself_o as_o he_o will_v easy_o grant_v that_o attentive_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o remember_v how_o air_n keep_v water_n from_o run_v out_o at_o the_o little_a hole_n of_o a_o gardener_n watering-pot_n close_v at_o the_o top_n what_o the_o objector_n add_v about_o the_o extrusion_n of_o what_o he_o call_v a_o subtle_a element_n suppose_v to_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o butter_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o case_n it_o have_v any_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o a_o great_a and_o undeniable_a pressure_n apply_v to_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o condense_a it_o or_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n because_o of_o the_o grossness_n and_o strength_n of_o its_o part_n but_o the_o argument_n be_v but_o transient_o mention_v by_o the_o author_n and_o ground_v upon_o a_o cartesian_a supposition_n that_o i_o never_o employ_v i_o leave_v it_o to_o those_o that_o may_v think_v themselves_o concern_v which_o i_o be_o not_o to_o make_v a_o solemn_a answer_n to_o and_o whereas_o our_o learned_a examiner_n superadd_v 142._o superadd_v p._n 142._o quod_fw-la tametsi_fw-la butyri_fw-la massa_fw-la in_o disci_fw-la lignei_fw-la speciem_fw-la reducta_fw-la cujus_fw-la margo_fw-la centum_fw-la vicibus_fw-la areâ_fw-la sit_fw-la minor_fw-la interque_fw-la dvas_fw-la laminas_fw-la ligneas_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la formae_fw-la ac_fw-la latitudinis_fw-la posita_fw-la filis_fw-la susâ—_n enderetur_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la tanquam_fw-la in_o lance_n ita_fw-la ut_fw-la pressura_fw-la aeris_fw-la elastica_fw-la quà _fw-la ab_fw-la infra_fw-la quà _fw-la desuper_fw-la ducentis_fw-la fere_n vicibus_fw-la excessura_fw-la sit_fw-la pressionem_fw-la in_o marginem_fw-la butyri_fw-la butyrum_fw-la tamen_fw-la nihilo_fw-la arctiùs_fw-la comprimetur_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o aeris_fw-la elasticam_fw-la nec_fw-la aliter_fw-la hîc_fw-la afficietur_fw-la quà m_fw-la antea_fw-la he_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v sufficient_o consider_v the_o law_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n according_a to_o which_o suppose_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o he_o reject_v the_o butter_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o shape_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v equal_a on_o all_o side_n if_o we_o suppose_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o butter_n to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a equal_a portion_n each_o of_o these_o whether_o they_o be_v situate_v horizontal_o or_o on_o the_o edge_n can_v be_v press_v against_o but_o by_o a_o atmospherical_a pillar_n equal_a to_o its_o basis_n and_o the_o horizontal_a portion_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o can_v be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n without_o there_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n squeeze_v out_o some_o of_o the_o lateral_a portion_n which_o yet_o can_v be_v so_o displace_v because_o they_o also_o be_v with_o equal_a force_n press_v inward_o by_o little_a aerial_a pillar_n who_o base_n be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o bear_v against_o they_o which_o answer_n though_o of_o itself_o sufficient_a may_v be_v much_o confirm_v by_o the_o instance_n you_o will_v hereafter_o meet_v with_o of_o a_o lump_n of_o butter_n that_o keep_v its_o irregular_a shape_n in_o spite_n of_o a_o great_a and_o manifest_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o surround_v it_o and_o this_o answer_n may_v suffice_v to_o disprove_v what_o the_o doctor_n annex_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o 13_o paragraph_n about_o the_o vast_a excess_n of_o pressure_n which_o the_o air_n exercise_n upon_o the_o flat_a and_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a lump_n of_o butter_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o pressure_n the_o marginal_a part_n of_o its_o surface_n can_v be_v expose_v to_o what_o he_o add_v and_o illustrate_v with_o a_o scheme_n about_o the_o hand_n be_v assist_v with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o concern_v not_o i_o to_o answer_v but_o whereas_o among_o the_o place_n where_o the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o air_n be_v understand_v not_o to_o reach_v he_o reckon_v a_o pail_n full_a of_o water_n with_o a_o lump_n of_o butter_n put_v in_o it_o he_o suppose_v that_o which_o our_o hydrostaticks_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v and_o which_o be_v disprove_v by_o several_a both_o of_o our_o former_a experiment_n and_o by_o those_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o in_o
the_o follow_a paper_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v exercise_v as_o indeed_o i_o do_v not_o see_v what_o shall_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v even_o upon_o body_n that_o be_v quite_o immerse_v under_o water_n and_o by_o which_o add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o discourse_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o learned_a doctor_n objection_n you_o will_v easy_o judge_v how_o deserve_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o argument_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v with_o this_o conclusion_n 143._o conclusion_n p._n 143._o adeo_fw-la ut_fw-la extra_fw-la omnem_fw-la controversiam_fw-la positum_fw-la videatur_fw-la quòd_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la qualem_fw-la è_fw-la doctis_fw-la nonnulli_fw-la supponunt_fw-la multoque_fw-la minus_fw-la tam_fw-la fortis_fw-la ut_fw-la centum_fw-la librarum_fw-la pondus_fw-la superet_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la chap._n v._n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o doctor_n urge_v against_o i_o in_o this_o chapter_n for_o in_o the_o 14_o paragraph_n he_o second_v his_o former_a argument_n by_o another_o draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o i_o that_o have_v take_v two_o round_a marble_n who_o surface_n that_o be_v to_o be_v contiguous_a be_v as_o well_o ground_n very_o flat_a as_o careful_o polish_a and_o have_v place_v they_o one_o direct_o upon_o the_o other_o they_o do_v in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n so_o firm_o cohere_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o glue_n eâ—ition_n see_v the_o hist_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n p._n 222._o of_o the_o second_o eâ—ition_n or_o viscous_a body_n that_o the_o upper_a marble_n be_v pull_v up_o will_v take_v up_o the_o low_a though_o clog_v with_o a_o weight_n of_o fourscore_o and_o odd_a pound_n this_o experiment_n when_o i_o many_o year_n ago_o first_o publish_v it_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o press_v equal_o and_o strong_o against_o the_o surface_n of_o both_o the_o marble_n except_o where_o they_o be_v contiguous_a the_o high_a can_v not_o be_v draw_v direct_o upward_o from_o the_o low_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v follow_v by_o it_o by_o a_o less_o force_n than_o that_o which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o as_o great_a a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o lean_v upon_o the_o upper_a marble_n this_o experiment_n thus_o explain_v though_o it_o have_v be_v judge_v a_o very_a favourable_a one_o to_o the_o hypothesis_n on_o who_o behalf_n i_o allege_v it_o do_v yet_o to_o the_o just_o famous_a doctor_n seem_v a_o very_a considerable_a argument_n against_o it_o though_o for_o this_o judgement_n of_o his_o he_o urge_v only_o this_o reason_n that_o if_o the_o force_n with_o which_o the_o air_n press_v the_o low_a marble_n against_o the_o upper_a be_v able_a to_o sustain_v that_o marble_n though_o clog_v with_o the_o great_a weight_n above_o mention_v the_o same_o pressure_n of_o air_n will_v much_o more_o easy_o support_v a_o plate_n of_o wood_n bring_v to_o a_o true_a plain_a and_o not_o load_v with_o any_o weight_n if_o the_o wooden_a plate_n be_v substitute_v to_o the_o low_a marble_n and_o instead_o of_o it_o apply_v to_o the_o upper_a but_o since_o the_o experiment_n as_o i_o propose_v it_o do_v upon_o trial_n succeed_v very_o well_o it_o have_v not_o be_v amiss_o if_o the_o learned_a examiner_n have_v consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v real_o and_o successful_o make_v and_o show_v why_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o separation_n of_o the_o marble_n and_o his_o needless_a substitution_n of_o a_o wooden_a plate_n instead_o of_o the_o low_a marble_n easy_o suggest_v a_o suspicion_n that_o there_o may_v lie_v some_o fallacy_n though_o not_o intend_v by_o he_o in_o the_o variation_n he_o propose_v of_o the_o experiment_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v himself_o have_v thought_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o take_v notice_n that_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v on_o our_o behalf_n that_o a_o wooden_a plate_n can_v be_v so_o exact_o apply_v to_o the_o upper_a marble_n but_o that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o little_a air_n intercept_v between_o it_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o stone_n and_o though_o have_v grant_v that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o he_o employ_v two_o page_n to_o show_v that_o this_o intermediate_v air_n can_v not_o keep_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o support_v the_o unclogged_a plate_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o have_v be_v that_o pressure_n which_o when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o intermediate_v air_n have_v sustain_v the_o low_a marble_n with_o all_o the_o appendant_a weight_n yet_o i_o confess_v his_o proof_n seem_v not_o to_o i_o to_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assurance_n he_o use_v in_o speak_v of_o they_o his_o example_n take_v from_o gunpowder_n and_o wind_n you_o will_v easy_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v very_o proper_a where_o we_o be_v not_o consider_v a_o force_n that_o act_n by_o a_o sudden_a and_o vanish_v impetus_fw-la but_o a_o constant_a and_o equal_a pressure_n and_o as_o to_o his_o other_o instance_n which_o be_v take_v from_o five_o man_n that_o thrust_v against_o the_o six_o standing_z with_o his_o back_n to_o a_o wall_n who_o be_v but_o as_o strong_a as_o any_o one_o of_o they_o i_o answer_v that_o neither_o be_v this_o example_n near_o enough_o of_o kin_n to_o our_o case_n for_o each_o of_o these_o five_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n of_o thrust_v proper_a to_o himself_o and_o independent_a from_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o four_o and_o the_o six_o man_n be_v likewise_o suppose_a to_o resist_v but_o by_o his_o own_o single_a force_n without_o have_v his_o power_n of_o react_v increase_v by_o the_o force_n wherewith_o the_o other_o thrust_v against_o he_o but_o in_o our_o case_n the_o thing_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o suppose_v that_o some_o aerial_a particle_n be_v so_o place_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n hinder_v they_o to_o recoil_v or_o expand_v themselves_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o as_o the_o contiguous_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n press_v against_o they_o not_o by_o their_o own_o single_a weight_n or_o pressure_n but_o as_o they_o transmit_v the_o action_n of_o all_o the_o other_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n which_o by_o their_o weight_n or_o pressure_n thrust_v they_o on_o so_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contiguous_a to_o the_o solid_a body_n resist_v not_o bare_o by_o that_o force_n which_o they_o will_v have_v if_o they_o be_v not_o compress_v but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o springiness_n they_o acquire_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o the_o forcible_a inflection_n they_o sustain_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o thrust_v against_o they_o and_o consequent_o in_o proportion_n to_o that_o external_a force_n the_o elasticity_n of_o these_o compress_v particle_n will_v be_v increase_v as_o we_o see_v that_o a_o bow_n or_o other_o springy_a body_n the_o more_o it_o be_v bend_v by_o a_o external_a force_n the_o great_a power_n it_o have_v to_o resist_v further_a compression_n upon_o which_o ground_n it_o need_v to_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o air_n be_v almost_o include_v in_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o have_v for_o some_o though_o but_o very_o little_a time_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o outward_a air_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o as_o much_o of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n as_o can_v come_v to_o press_v against_o it_o for_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v continual_a if_o the_o springiness_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n be_v not_o now_o great_a enough_o to_o resist_v that_o pressure_n they_o must_v necessary_o have_v be_v beforehand_o inflect_v or_o compress_v by_o it_o till_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o aequipollency_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o instance_n in_o so_o obvious_a a_o body_n as_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o top_n of_o water_n for_o though_o there_o be_v but_o a_o little_a air_n include_v in_o a_o very_a thin_a and_o transparent_a film_n of_o water_n yet_o this_o little_a air_n be_v so_o well_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o all_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o can_v come_v to_o bear_v against_o it_o that_o all_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o film_n shrink_v or_o become_v wrinkle_v which_o it_o will_v do_v if_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v not_o reduce_v to_o a_o springiness_n which_o make_v its_o power_n of_o resist_v equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o external_n atmosphere_n to_o compress_v it_o and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o we_o may_v well_o conceive_v such_o a_o springiness_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o relate_v how_o by_o bare_o withdraw_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o