multiplicaret_fw-la as_o our_o author_n be_v descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n he_o find_v in_o one_o place_n the_o heat_n to_o increase_v as_o he_o descend_v more_o and_o more_o which_o seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o a_o passage_n we_o late_o mention_v out_o of_o he_o and_o to_o exceed_v any_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o mine_n and_o afterward_o the_o overseer_n bring_v he_o into_o a_o room_n that_o abound_v with_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n the_o mineral_n whence_o this_o heat_n proceed_v though_o the_o room_n be_v spacious_a he_o find_v there_o beside_o a_o sharp_a spirit_n very_o offensive_a to_o his_o throat_n so_o troublesome_a a_o heat_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o faint_v away_o with_o sweat_v and_o very_o much_o wonder_v how_o the_o digger_n be_v able_a to_o work_v there_o and_o elsewhere_o the_o author_n himself_o note_n that_o such_o hot_a mine_n of_o vitriol_n or_o sulphur_n may_v be_v find_v even_o in_o the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v that_o which_o be_v somewhat_o near_o the_o surface_n and_o which_o he_o think_v 〈◊〉_d to_o name_v the_o cold_a region_n and_o within_o a_o large_a sphere_n of_o activity_n make_v it_o perpetual_o hot_a but_o this_o as_o i_o be_v intimate_v i_o mention_v but_o as_o a_o suspicion_n or_o a_o conjecture_n and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v in_o these_o mine_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o accidental_a cause_n in_o case_n the_o conjecture_n be_v admit_v yet_o since_o the_o frequency_n of_o a_o sensible_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o very_o deep_a place_n do_v very_o little_a favour_n their_o opinion_n that_o will_v allow_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v no_o other_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n or_o by_o the_o manifest_a fire_n of_o burn_a hill_n as_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o this_o subterraneal_a heat_n be_v adventitious_a to_o the_o 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degree_n of_o coldness_n it_o chance_v to_o possess_v 11._o but_o though_o i_o presume_v enough_o have_v be_v say_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v unlikely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v in_o this_o dissent_n from_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la that_o he_o think_v the_o earth_n not_o only_o not_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o not_o to_o be_v natural_o cold_a any_o more_o than_o hot_a for_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n like_o those_o of_o other_o firm_a body_n be_v heavy_a and_o perhaps_o gross_a and_o either_o have_v no_o constant_a motion_n at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o a_o far_o more_o remiss_a agitation_n then_o that_o of_o our_o sensory_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v seem_v cold_a to_o we_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o communicate_v heat_n or_o motion_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n put_v into_o a_o degree_n of_o agitation_n that_o belong_v not_o to_o its_o nature_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o pure_a earth_n shall_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v cold_a than_o either_o pure_a water_n or_o pure_a air_n since_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o consistent_a body_n its_o component_a particle_n be_v at_o rest_n among_o themselves_o or_o at_o least_o move_v with_o a_o almost_o infinite_a slowness_n whereas_o water_n and_o air_n be_v fluid_n their_o component_a particle_n must_v be_v in_o a_o restless_a and_o various_a motion_n and_o consequent_o be_v less_o remote_a from_o heat_n which_o be_v a_o state_n wherein_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o minute_n particle_n be_v more_o vehement_a 12._o and_o if_o those_o that_o plead_v for_o the_o earth_n have_v declare_v that_o they_o mean_v not_o the_o pure_a or_o elementary_a earth_n but_o that_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n that_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o water_n that_o make_v it_o up_o and_o will_v have_v earth_n in_o that_o sense_n not_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o only_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v a_o better_a plea_n for_o their_o opinion_n than_o they_o can_v urge_v for_o they_o who_o contend_v for_o the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n especial_o if_o to_o countenance_v their_o opinion_n this_o memorable_a observation_n be_v add_v which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o 474._o among_o those_o navigator_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a experience_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n for_o the_o dutch_a that_o sail_v thrice_o to_o nova_n 〈◊〉_d and_o once_o winter_v there_o affirm_v in_o their_o first_o voyage_n that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o main_a sea_n where_o yet_o man_n be_v most_o expose_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n but_o either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o near_o it_o that_o accurate_a geometrician_n and_o hydrographer_n fournier_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o 1595._o the_o hollander_n be_v intercept_v by_o icy_a school_n in_o the_o strait_a of_o weigat_n and_o meet_v with_o certain_a muscovite_n demand_v of_o they_o whether_o those_o sea_n be_v always_o freeze_v and_o be_v answer_v that_o neither_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n do_v ever_o freeze_v and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o that_o strait_a with_o the_o sea_n contiguous_a to_o the_o shore_n of_o some_o bay_n and_o gulf_n that_o be_v freeze_v and_o our_o judicious_a author_n not_o only_o add_v that_o in_o effect_n all_o those_o that_o sail_n into_o those_o part_n relate_v that_o all_o those_o lump_n of_o ice_n be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v loosen_v and_o sever_v from_o the_o island_n and_o the_o river_n of_o the_o samojed_n and_o tartar_n but_o adventure_n to_o affirm_v in_o general_a term_n that_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o the_o confine_n and_o shore_n of_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v freeze_v 13._o that_o the_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o school_n and_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o philosopher_n but_o i_o can_v as_o little_o acquiesce_v in_o this_o opinion_n as_o in_o the_o former_a not_o find_v it_o agreeable_a to_o what_o experience_n teach_v we_o 14._o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o divers_a very_o cold_a body_n as_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o crystal_n and_o several_a other_o fusible_a stone_n have_v in_o they_o any_o water_n at_o all_o to_o which_o their_o coldness_n may_v with_o any_o degree_n of_o probability_n be_v ascribe_v nor_o to_o urge_v the_o argument_n that_o some_o modern_a contender_n for_o the_o supreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o employ_v not_o i_o say_v to_o insist_v on_o such_o thing_n
a_o glass_n tube_n thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o at_o least_o where_o captain_n james_n winter_v the_o water_n be_v not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_o freeze_v as_o the_o earth_n but_o we_o have_v already_o note_v the_o indisposition_n of_o salt-water_n to_o congelation_n and_o whether_o fresh_a water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v deep_o freeze_v may_v be_v just_o doubt_v title_n fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v 1._o in_o examine_v whether_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o medium_n indefinite_o notwithstanding_o their_o compactness_n or_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o texture_n we_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o medium_n of_o too_o great_a thickness_n lest_o we_o mistake_o impute_v that_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o cause_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o the_o medium_fw-la put_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n for_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o we_o make_v our_o experiment_n will_v operate_v but_o at_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n though_o the_o medium_fw-la resist_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n record_v in_o this_o treatise_n this_o premised_a we_o may_v proceed_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v place_v a_o copious_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n in_o pipkin_n glaze_v within_o and_o in_o white_a basin_n glaze_v both_o within_o and_o without_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n of_o both_o those_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n though_o however_o the_o bake_a earth_n have_v not_o be_v compact_v nor_o the_o vitrified_a surface_n of_o a_o very_a close_a texture_n the_o very_a thickness_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v it_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v able_a to_o freeze_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n 2._o by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o freeze_a water_n in_o pewter_n bottle_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o operate_v through_o such_o mettalline_a vessel_n 3._o and_o this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a experiment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a namely_o the_o make_v icy_a cup_n to_o drink_v in_o the_o way_n we_o use_v be_v this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o cup_n of_o latin_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v iron_n reduce_v into_o thin_a plate_n and_o tin_a over_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o cup_n of_o then_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n another_o cup_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o former_a but_o every_o way_n less_o so_o that_o it_o will_v go_v into_o the_o great_a and_o leave_v a_o competent_a interval_n for_o water_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a surface_n and_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o this_o innermost_a cup_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o rim_n or_o lip_n by_o which_o it_o lean_v upon_o the_o great_a and_o by_o who_o help_n its_o side_n and_o bottom_n be_v easy_o place_v at_o a_o just_a and_o even_a distance_n from_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o two_o bottom_n be_v make_v great_a then_o that_o between_o the_o side_n that_o the_o icy_a cup_n may_v stand_v the_o firm_a and_o last_v the_o long_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o part_n of_o this_o mould_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o internal_a cup_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n partly_o to_o freeze_v the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o thereby_o cooperate_v to_o the_o quick_a make_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o partly_o by_o its_o weight_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o buoy_v up_o so_o light_a a_o cup_n the_o external_a part_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n and_o salt_n who_o cold_a so_o powerful_o penetrate_v to_o the_o internal_a metalline_a mould_n that_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o freeze_v and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n be_v disjoin_v appear_v turn_v into_o a_o icy_a cup_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n design_v and_o these_o cup_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v make_v and_o of_o various_a shape_n and_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v at_o hand_n be_v very_o pleasant_a trifle_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n when_o they_o impart_v a_o very_a refresh_a coolness_n to_o the_o drink_n pour_v into_o they_o and_o though_o they_o last_v not_o long_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v employ_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o such_o like_a spirituous_a drink_n in_o yet_o while_o some_o be_v melt_v other_o may_v be_v provide_v and_o so_o the_o loss_n may_v be_v easy_o repair_v all_o the_o difficulty_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o the_o ice_n they_o include_v and_o we_o try_v to_o obviate_v this_o sometime_o by_o anoint_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o some_o unctuous_a and_o not_o offensive_a matter_n to_o hinder_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o sometime_o by_o apply_v some_o convenient_a heat_n both_o to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o external_a and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a piece_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o last_o mention_v way_n be_v quick_a and_o sure_a but_o lessen_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o cup._n we_o be_v late_o inform_v that_o this_o way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n be_v set_v down_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d argenis_n and_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o 〈◊〉_d man_n may_v have_v learn_v it_o among_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o italy_n he_o converse_v with_o but_o if_o we_o that_o learn_v it_o from_o none_o of_o they_o have_v not_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o experience_n we_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o try_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o romance_n that_o sort_n of_o composure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v fabulous_a enough_o to_o pass_v but_o for_o poem_n in_o prose_n 4._o the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a mathematician_n erasmus_n bartholinus_n mention_n in_o his_o new_o publish_v discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o experiment_n by_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o some_o master_n of_o nature_n secret_n do_v easy_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n reduce_v water_n into_o air._n for_o they_o put_v a_o little_a snow_n or_o ice_n into_o a_o funnel_n and_o thereby_o so_o refrigerate_v and_o condense_a the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o there_o will_v dew_n trickle_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o funnel_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v hope_v to_o make_v a_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o i_o here_o mention_v this_o experiment_n rather_o because_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a to_o please_v those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a and_o because_o have_v purposely_o try_v it_o in_o large_a and_o thick_a funnel_n of_o glass_n it_o may_v be_v pertinent_o enough_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n where_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o transmission_n or_o propagation_n of_o cold_a through_o close_a and_o thick_a medium_n then_o because_o we_o expect_v to_o make_v of_o it_o that_o use_v especial_o that_o oeconomical_a use_n that_o have_v be_v late_o intimate_v for_o first_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a air_n itself_o and_o not_o rather_o the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o that_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v transmute_v into_o water_n and_o second_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v condense_a vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o funnel_n but_o either_o they_o that_o hope_v to_o make_v this_o use_n of_o the_o experiment_n have_v little_a experience_n of_o it_o and_o write_v conjectural_o or_o else_o they_o have_v make_v it_o with_o a_o success_n very_o differ_v from_o we_o for_o though_o we_o employ_v a_o large_a funnel_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n artificial_o enough_o tie_v about_o it_o in_o the_o free_a air_n and_o though_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o put_v in_o be_v sufficient_o infrigidate_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o and_o far_o more_o so_o then_o ice_n or_o snow_n alone_o will_v have_v be_v yet_o that_o mixture_n be_v not_o able_a to_o condense_a the_o vaporous_a part_n of_o the_o air_n into_o dew_n much_o if_o at_o all_o long_o than_o the_o mutual_a dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o snow_n last_v the_o liquor_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v and_o drop_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o funnel_n who_o internal_a perforation_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_o stop_v lest_o any_o of_o the_o resolve_a snow_n and_o salt_n shall_v fall_v through_o
disapprove_v because_o it_o be_v likely_a and_o indeed_o we_o find_v it_o so_o by_o experience_n that_o the_o external_a air_n will_v first_o freeze_v the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o stem_n and_o thereby_o hinder_v its_o ascent_n and_o perhaps_o occasion_v the_o burst_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a stem_n 8._o wherefore_o though_o for_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o some_o liquor_n that_o will_v neither_o freeze_v like_o water_n and_o aqueous_a body_n nor_o congeal_v like_o common_a oil_n and_o the_o like_a unctuous_a juice_n we_o find_v it_o for_o a_o while_n somewhat_o difficult_a to_o practice_v the_o experiment_n yet_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o the_o indisposition_n that_o brine_n have_v to_o congelation_n we_o make_v so_o strong_a a_o brine_n with_o common_a salt_n that_o with_o it_o and_o as_o i_o remember_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n also_o of_o which_o we_o chance_v to_o have_v some_o quantity_n by_o we_o we_o make_v divers_a trial_n of_o which_o i_o have_v two_o among_o our_o collection_n which_o we_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v whereof_o the_o one_o inform_v we_o that_o a_o egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n the_o cold_a of_o a_o frosty_a night_n make_v the_o air_n shrink_v in_o the_o pipe_n near_o five_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o accurate_a i_o meet_v with_o among_o my_o collection_n give_v i_o this_o account_n that_o january_n the_o 29._o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057._o space_n be_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o sharp_a and_o frosty_a night_n contract_v into_o 1965._o space_n so_o that_o in_o extraordinary_o cold_a weather_n the_o most_o we_o can_v make_v the_o air_n lose_v of_o its_o former_a dimension_n by_o the_o additional_a cold_a of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o 22._o part_n and_o a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o three_o and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n that_o we_o remember_v ourselves_o to_o have_v observe_v though_o we_o be_v so_o careful_a as_o after_o we_o have_v place_v mark_n where_o the_o incongealable_a liquor_n reach_v in_o the_o pipe_n that_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v expose_v abroad_o to_o the_o cold_a we_o cause_v servant_n to_o watch_v and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o take_v notice_n by_o place_v mark_n of_o the_o various_a ascent_n of_o the_o liquor_n especial_o early_a in_o the_o morning_n lest_o we_o shall_v omit_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a contraction_n of_o the_o air_n which_o omission_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n do_v oftentimes_o begin_v to_o be_v remit_v before_o we_o can_v feel_v it_o to_o be_v so_o be_v not_o easy_o avoid_v without_o watchfulness_n 9_o but_o have_v thus_o observe_v the_o condensation_n of_o include_v air_n by_o the_o natural_a and_o unassisted_a cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o prosecute_v the_o trial_n somewhat_o further_o and_o in_o regard_n we_o conceive_v the_o cold_a of_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v far_o more_o intense_a then_o that_o of_o the_o mere_a ambient_fw-la air_n alone_o we_o endeavour_v to_o measure_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v how_o much_o the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o and_o though_o we_o find_v that_o by_o prosecute_a the_o late_o mention_v trial_n in_o the_o glass-egg_n by_o the_o application_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o liquor_n rise_v by_o our_o estimate_n near_o four_o inch_n more_o than_o those_o five_o which_o it_o have_v rise_v already_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o include_v air_n by_o the_o bare_a cold_a of_o the_o external_a yet_o by_o prosecute_a the_o other_o experiment_n make_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o we_o be_v make_v it_o we_o do_v somewhat_o more_o accurate_o determine_v the_o matter_n for_o by_o apply_v ice_n and_o salt_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n we_o find_v that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965._o space_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n have_v reduce_v it_o into_o 1860._o space_n so_o that_o the_o circumposition_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n do_v as_o much_o nay_o somewhat_o more_o condense_a it_o after_o the_o mere_a cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n have_v contract_v it_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v than_o the_o bare_a though_o intense_a cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n can_v condense_a it_o at_o first_o and_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o adventitious_a cold_a we_o be_v able_a to_o give_v by_o the_o help_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o art_n do_v not_o make_v the_o air_n expose_v to_o it_o lose_v a_o full_a ten_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n on_o which_o occasion_n it_o may_v not_o be_v unworthy_a observation_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o proportion_n in_o which_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n and_o that_o wherein_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o expand_v water_n 10._o this_o be_v all_o that_o at_o present_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o interest_n that_o wind_n may_v have_v in_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o those_o other_o particular_n wherewith_o i_o not_o long_o since_o say_v that_o i_o intend_v to_o close_v up_o this_o section_n and_o i_o may_v on_o this_o occasion_n subjoin_v many_o thing_n but_o partly_o haste_n and_o partly_o other_o consideration_n will_v confine_v i_o to_o those_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n in_o a_o more_o general_a way_n 11._o and_o first_o we_o will_v observe_v that_o cold_a may_v hinder_v in_o a_o almost_o incredible_a measure_n the_o warm_a operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n not_o only_o in_o the_o hot_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o that_o may_v sometime_o happen_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n but_o at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o day_n even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n 12._o i_o remember_v i_o once_o accidental_o meet_v with_o a_o intelligent_a and_o sober_a gentleman_n who_o have_v several_a time_n sail_v upon_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o though_o a_o intervening_a accident_n separate_v we_o so_o sudden_o that_o i_o have_v not_o opportunity_n to_o obtain_v from_o he_o the_o resolution_n of_o above_o two_o or_o three_o question_n yet_o this_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o belong_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o journal_n he_o keep_v he_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n he_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o snow_n all_o midsummer_a night_n which_o affirmation_n of_o so_o credible_a a_o person_n embolden_v i_o to_o add_v some_o other_o relation_n which_o i_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v at_o 13._o mr._n logan_n a_o english_a merchant_n that_o wintered_a at_o pecora_n one_o of_o the_o northern_a town_n of_o muscovy_n relate_v that_o be_v there_o at_o a_o great_a salmon-fishing_a there_o happen_v about_o the_o close_a of_o august_n which_o in_o many_o country_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o hot_a time_n of_o all_o the_o year_n so_o strong_a a_o frost_n which_o last_v till_o the_o four_o day_n that_o the_o 542._o ozera_n be_v freeze_v over_o and_o the_o ice_n drive_v in_o the_o river_n to_o and_o again_o break_v all_o the_o net_n so_o that_o they_o get_v no_o salmon_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o for_o their_o own_o victual_n 14._o captain_n g._n weymouth_n mention_n that_o in_o july_n though_o he_o be_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n much_o less_o of_o greenland_n yet_o sail_v in_o a_o thick_a fog_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o darkness_n it_o occasion_v he_o think_v good_a to_o take_v 811._o in_o some_o of_o his_o sail_n when_o his_o man_n come_v to_o hand_n they_o they_o find_v their_o sail_n rope_n and_o tackle_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o do_v say_v he_o seem_v very_o strange_a unto_o we_o be_v in_o the_o chief_a time_n of_o summer_n 560._o 15._o in_o the_o five_o voyage_n of_o the_o english_a to_o cherry_n island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74._o and_o 75._o degree_n of_o latitude_n they_o observe_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o north-east_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n do_v hang_v on_o their_o 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o the_o seven_o voyage_n which_o be_v make_v three_o year_n after_o to_o the_o same_o island_n they_o mention_v that_o on_o the_o 14._o of_o july_n the_o wind_n be_v 564._o northerly_a they_o have_v both_o snow_n and_o frost_n 16._o the_o next_o thing_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o be_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o that_o quality_n whatever_o they_o be_v be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o this_o
ascribe_v to_o the_o resolve_a ice_n may_v have_v proceed_v from_o that_o which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o a_o ordinary_a experimenter_n for_o as_o i_o not_o long_o since_o intimate_v i_o have_v sometime_o purposely_o and_o sometime_o by_o chance_n by_o thaw_v ice_n in_o close_v vessel_n somewhat_o hasty_o produce_v a_o copious_a dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o dew_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o condense_v vapour_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n aught_o to_o be_v wipe_v off_o before_o the_o vessel_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n to_o weigh_v the_o melt_a ice_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a also_o that_o helmont_n may_v have_v err_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o weigh_v his_o lagena_fw-la whatever_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o it_o be_v usual_a even_o for_o learned_a man_n that_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o statick_n to_o mistake_v in_o experiment_n which_o require_v that_o thing_n be_v skilful_o and_o nice_o weigh_v how_o far_o this_o excuse_n may_v be_v 12._o apply_v to_o a_o late_a commentator_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n who_o say_v he_o try_v that_o water_n freeze_v be_v heavy_a than_o unfrozen_a be_v a_o stranger_n to_o that_o author_n write_n i_o shall_v not_o consider_v only_o whereas_o helmont_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o agree_v very_o little_a in_o their_o affirmation_n it_o will_v be_v perhaps_o more_o difficult_a to_o accord_v they_o then_o to_o determine_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o former_o register_v experiment_n what_o may_v be_v think_v of_o both_o their_o relation_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o if_o i_o have_v not_o devise_v the_o above_o mention_v way_n of_o freeze_a water_n by_o art_n in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n i_o shall_v have_v find_v it_o difficult_a to_o reduce_v what_o be_v affirm_v by_o manelphus_n which_o i_o then_o dream_v not_o of_o to_o a_o accurate_a experiment_n for_o though_o i_o have_v employ_v a_o seal_a glass_n which_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o he_o or_o any_o other_o have_v yet_o make_v use_n of_o to_o that_o purpose_n yet_o if_o i_o have_v in_o that_o vessel_n expose_v the_o water_n to_o be_v freeze_v the_o common_a way_n it_o be_v odds_o though_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o certain_a that_o the_o water_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o top_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o subsequent_o freeze_a water_n will_v break_v the_o glass_n and_o so_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o have_v sometime_o in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o examine_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v by_o nature_n according_a to_o her_o wont_a method_n in_o open_a vial_n and_o if_o instead_o of_o glass_n you_o make_v use_v of_o strong_a earthen_a vessel_n there_o be_v danger_n that_o something_o may_v be_v imbibe_v or_o adhere_v to_o the_o porous_a vessel_n and_o increase_v the_o weight_n and_o by_o some_o such_o way_n or_o by_o some_o mistake_n in_o weigh_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a manelphus_n may_v have_v be_v deceive_v which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v if_o we_o suppose_v he_o a_o sincere_a writer_n not_o only_o because_o of_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o about_o congelation_n make_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n but_o because_o when_o i_o have_v instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a make_v use_v of_o a_o metalline_a pottinger_n both_o which_o sort_n of_o vessel_n have_v in_o common_a this_o inconvenience_n that_o their_o ponderousness_n make_v they_o less_o fit_a for_o accurate_a scale_n there_o appear_v cause_n to_o suspect_v either_o that_o our_o author_n do_v not_o use_v metalline_a vessel_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o suspect_v that_o he_o want_v skill_n or_o diligence_n in_o weigh_v for_o as_o i_o find_v no_o intimation_n of_o his_o have_v employ_v any_o peculiar_a or_o artificial_a sort_n of_o vessel_n so_o if_o he_o use_v such_o as_o we_o have_v new_o be_v speak_v of_o and_o have_v weigh_v they_o careful_o i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o instead_o of_o find_v the_o ice_n heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o be_v make_v of_o he_o will_v have_v rather_o find_v it_o light_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v once_o expose_v all_o night_n a_o pottinger_n almost_o full_a of_o common_a water_n to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n and_o have_v cause_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n to_o be_v bring_v i_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v thorough_o freeze_v i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v lose_v about_o 50._o grain_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o though_o this_o event_n be_v consonant_a enough_o to_o my_o conjecture_n yet_o for_o great_a certainty_n i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n another_o 〈◊〉_d night_n with_o this_o new_a caution_n that_o the_o pottinger_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v keep_v suspend_v in_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v sure_a that_o no_o effusion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o the_o open_a air_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o the_o next_o morning_n somewhat_o late_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o contain_v water_n now_o congeal_v appear_v to_o have_v lose_v about_o 60._o grain_n and_o with_o the_o like_a success_n the_o trial_n be_v reiterated_a once_o more_o and_o that_o in_o weather_n so_o sharp_a that_o i_o be_o not_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o water_n expose_v by_o manelphus_n begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o we_o but_o the_o event_n be_v not_o unexpected_a for_o beside_o that_o i_o consider_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o experiment_n part_n of_o the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o exceed_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o all_o likelihood_n fly_v away_o before_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v congeal_v i_o judge_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o fluid_a part_n but_o even_o that_o which_o be_v already_o congeal_v may_v continual_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o corpuscle_n and_o by_o their_o recess_n lose_v also_o somewhat_o of_o its_o weight_n and_o lest_o these_o conjecture_n shall_v seem_v too_o too_o unlikely_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o have_v purposely_o provide_v a_o large_a pewter_n box_n with_o a_o cover_n to_o screw_v on_o it_o and_o have_v fill_v it_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n i_o say_v almost_o because_o if_o the_o vessel_n have_v be_v quite_o full_a the_o congeal_a cold_a may_v have_v burst_v it_o and_o careful_o weigh_v the_o aggregate_v of_o both_o which_o amount_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gr_n 11._o whereof_o the_o vessel_n weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o gr_o 8._o we_o expose_v the_o water_n after_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pot_n be_v screw_v on_o to_o hinder_v the_o avolation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o freeze_a air_n all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n find_v it_o freeze_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n though_o not_o uniform_o and_o perfect_o but_o find_v not_o one_o grain_n difference_n betwixt_o its_o present_a and_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o second_o conjecture_n new_o propose_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o strange_a yet_o it_o be_v confirmable_a by_o this_o experiment_n that_o have_v place_v divers_a lump_n of_o solid_a ice_n in_o a_o pottinger_n which_o together_o with_o they_o weigh_v a_o pound_n consist_v of_o 16_o 〈◊〉_d and_o have_v expose_v these_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n wherein_o they_o be_v weigh_v to_o the_o free_a air_n on_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n we_o find_v the_o ice_n to_o have_v lose_v the_o next_o morning_n 24._o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o weather_n continue_v so_o cold_a that_o it_o freeze_v hard_o all_o day_n long_o in_o the_o shade_n i_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n during_o all_o that_o time_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o follow_a night_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o the_o second_o time_n find_v that_o the_o whole_a decrement_n of_o weight_n do_v now_o amount_v to_o five_o grain_n above_o two_o drachm_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ice_n without_o the_o pottinger_n be_v but_o about_o seven_o ounce_n and_o when_o we_o have_v keep_v about_o 13._o ounce_n of_o ice_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n it_o have_v lose_v as_o early_o as_o the_o next_o morning_n a_o good_a deal_n above_o two_o drachm_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n but_o these_o statical_a observation_n have_v perhaps_o already_o but_o too_o much_o swell_v this_o appendix_n title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n 1._o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o i_o have_v such_o narrow_a thought_n of_o the_o subject_n i_o treat_v of_o cold_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v comprise_v under_o those_o few_o title_n prefix_v to_o the_o
glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v unfrozen_a after_o six_o day_n continuance_n of_o very_a hard_a weather_n and_o the_o air_n then_o dispose_v to_o thaw_v i_o break_v the_o flask_n and_o with_o the_o unfrozen_a liquor_n make_v a_o excellent_a morning_n draught_n at_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n this_o ale_n in_o colour_n strength_n and_o quickness_n seem_v to_o i_o and_o the_o other_o three_o taster_n that_o sit_v up_o with_o i_o much_o better_a than_o when_o it_o be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o flask_n and_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o some_o other_o in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o same_o barrel_n we_o plain_o find_v the_o say_a difference_n after_o this_o i_o take_v the_o icy_a part_n of_o the_o ale_n and_o thaw_v it_o at_o a_o fire_n which_o be_v in_o all_o a_o pint_n of_o liquor_n though_o the_o flagon_n contain_v three_o pint_n of_o liquor_n be_v fill_v with_o that_o ice_n very_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a and_o alish_a taste_n very_o much_o resemble_v that_o drink_n which_o the_o brewer_n call_v blue_a john_n this_o ice_n be_v not_o so_o firm_a as_o that_o of_o water_n but_o full_a of_o bubble_n i_o assay_v the_o same_o a_o second_o time_n but_o can_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o changableness_n of_o the_o wether_n attain_v so_o great_a a_o thickness_n of_o ice_n as_o in_o the_o former_a and_o in_o this_o also_o i_o find_v the_o same_o change_n as_o before_o a_o beer-glass_n of_o hull_n ale_n in_o 24._o hour_n contract_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o a_o ½_o crown_n and_o proceed_v as_o in_o sea-salt_n water_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o very_a same_o all_o the_o laminae_fw-la take_v off_o appear_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o taste_v and_o the_o low_a ice_n be_v the_o most_o tender_a another_o glass_n of_o the_o same_o ale_n expose_v do_v not_o freeze_v throughout_o no_o crust_n be_v take_v off_o in_o five_o day_n when_o my_o own_o ale_n do_v in_o a_o like_a glass_n both_o be_v set_v out_o together_o now_o the_o taste_n and_o colour_n appear_v the_o same_o or_o at_o least_o have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n when_o they_o have_v be_v thaw_v of_o themselves_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v hull_n ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n very_o strong_a expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o 35._o hour_n hard_o freeze_v become_v a_o ice_n all_o of_o it_o it_o be_v soft_a keep_v its_o former_a colour_n and_o taste_v soon_o discover_v to_o the_o tongue_n of_o one_o who_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o be_v its_o nature_n quality_n and_o kind_n canary_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o spoon_n expose_v in_o 38._o hour_n acquire_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o exceed_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n as_o thin_a as_o the_o fine_a paper_n and_o proceed_v no_o far_o in_o four_o day_n follow_v neither_o claret_n nor_o canary_n will_v show_v the_o least_o sign_n of_o congelation_n in_o tube_n much_o less_o in_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o the_o best_a spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n do_v all_o evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 12._o hour_n but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o brandee_n leave_v near_o a_o spoonful_n of_o insipid_a ice_n without_o any_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cast_v into_o the_o fire_n flame_v not_o at_o all_o i_o can_v discern_v no_o bubble_n in_o this_o phlegmatic_a ice_n but_o have_v 〈◊〉_d it_o betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n it_o manifest_v many_o bubble_n by_o its_o shadow_n quaere_fw-la whether_o this_o may_v not_o turn_v to_o profit_v in_o cold_a country_n in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o now_o come_v to_o consistent_a body_n and_o shall_v begin_v with_o animal_n and_o their_o part_n two_o eye_n the_o one_o of_o a_o ox_n the_o other_o of_o a_o sheep_n in_o one_o night_n be_v both_o total_o freeze_v the_o three_o humour_n very_o hard_o not_o separable_a one_o from_o another_o neither_o of_o they_o diaphanous_a as_o natural_o they_o be_v and_o the_o crystalline_a be_v as_o white_a as_o that_o of_o a_o whiting_n boil_v the_o tunicle_n fat_a and_o muscle_n be_v also_o freeze_v as_o appear_v by_o their_o stifness_n and_o by_o put_v they_o into_o cold_a water_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o waterish_a and_o glassy_a humour_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o flake_n a_o pint_n of_o sheep_n blood_n do_v freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o all_o the_o side_n of_o the_o dish_n wherein_o it_o be_v put_v and_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o serum_fw-la of_o the_o blood_n this_o ice_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o thaw_v at_o the_o fire_n and_o then_o again_o expose_v congeal_v into_o a_o seem_a membranous_a substance_n and_o be_v take_v for_o such_o by_o some_o that_o see_v it_o and_o so_o continue_v in_o a_o warm_a season_n and_o appear_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o membrane_n this_o also_o be_v see_v and_o register_v in_o the_o journal_n the_o blood_n remain_v give_v i_o no_o sign_n that_o frost_n have_v take_v it_o i_o dissect_v a_o dog_n and_o a_o cat_n have_v lie_v dead_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o find_v their_o entrail_n nay_o the_o very_a heart_n stiff_a and_o some_o little_a ice_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o heart_n and_o their_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la milk_n soon_o freeze_v into_o most_o white_a flake_n of_o ice_n retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n these_o flake_n be_v soft_a and_o manifest_a not_o many_o bubble_n several_a egg_n be_v expose_v and_o both_o yolk_n and_o white_a in_o one_o night_n be_v hard_o freeze_v they_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o freeze_v then_o apple_n do_v the_o best_a way_n to_o thaw_v they_o both_o be_v to_o lay_v they_o on_o newcastle-coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n whether_o egg_n once_o freeze_v will_v produce_v chicken_n or_o no_o i_o can_v say_v but_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o good_a housewife_n they_o will_n some_o affirm_v that_o egg_n and_o apple_n put_v into_o water_n the_o ice_n will_v be_v thaw_v within_o they_o and_o the_o ice_n appear_v on_o the_o shell_n and_o skin_n it_o be_v true_a if_o you_o hold_v either_o of_o they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n they_o will_v soon_o gather_v a_o very_a thick_a crust_n upon_o their_o outside_n but_o if_o you_o then_o break_v the_o one_o or_o cut_v the_o other_o you_o shall_v see_v they_o full_a of_o ice_n and_o the_o egg_n then_o poch_v will_v taste_v very_o tough_a so_o that_o this_o ice_n seem_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o without_o and_o not_o to_o come_v from_o within_o and_o beside_o if_o it_o do_v so_o they_o must_v needs_o lose_v their_o weight_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o will_v anon_o appear_v but_o for_o the_o more_o surety_n i_o proceed_v to_o this_o far_a experiment_n i_o immerse_v in_o my_o cistern_n a_o egg_n and_o a_o apple_n two_o foot_n deep_a into_o water_n and_o there_o suspend_v they_o with_o string_n tie_v about_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o sink_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 24._o hour_n and_o then_o take_v they_o out_o and_o open_v they_o i_o can_v never_o observe_v in_o that_o time_n though_o i_o often_o look_v at_o they_o any_o ice_n on_o their_o outside_n and_o the_o one_o be_v break_v and_o the_o other_o cut_v be_v find_v both_o of_o they_o full_o within_o of_o ice_n the_o next_o order_n shall_v be_v vegetable_n and_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d instance_n 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o bite_a or_o sour_a taste_n now_o for_o the_o first_o i_o employ_v the_o root_n of_o horse-raddish_n and_o onion_n for_o other_o edible_a root_n and_o plant_v every_o one_o know_v will_v freeze_v which_o 〈◊〉_d the_o frost_n have_v take_v they_o by_o their_o taste_n and_o ice_n be_v find_v betwixt_o each_o of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o onion_n 〈◊〉_d the_o taste_n of_o the_o root_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v beer_n wherein_o
a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o snow_n and_o this_o way_n of_o cure_v gangrene_n from_o cold_a sennertus_n do_v prescribe_v to_o make_v some_o experiment_n hereof_o i_o expose_v flesh_n and_o fish_n and_o find_v that_o by_o immerse_v they_o into_o water_n they_o soon_o become_v more_o limber_a and_o flexible_a and_o more_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o knife_n and_o compass_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o about_o half_a a_o crown_n manifest_a token_n of_o their_o thaw_v and_o be_v cut_v they_o discover_v nothing_o of_o ice_n in_o they_o this_o for_o more_o certainty_n i_o often_o reiterated_a as_o also_o in_o egg_n and_o apple_n above_o a_o dozen_o time_n and_o never_o fail_v of_o unthaw_v they_o by_o this_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v if_o you_o immerse_v the_o flesh_n fish_n egg_n or_o apple_n deep_a into_o the_o water_n no_o ice_n will_v appear_v on_o their_o outside_n but_o only_o when_o you_o hold_v they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o the_o persian_a experiment_n mention_v by_o olearius_n of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v preserve_v for_o cool_v of_o their_o drink_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o pour_v water_n into_o a_o open_a pan_n or_o into_o a_o flask_n gradual_o some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o i_o can_v quick_o freeze_v by_o this_o way_n a_o whole_a flaskfull_a when_o near_o half_a of_o a_o flask_n fill_v at_o one_o though_o help_v by_o art_n be_v unfrozen_a i_o observe_v also_o that_o the_o ditch_n betwixt_o southwark_n and_o redderiff_n have_v acquire_v a_o exceed_a thickness_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o at_o full_a tide_n for_o new_a water_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v there_o congeal_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o some_o inch_n every_o ebb_a and_o flow_v i_o observe_v also_o the_o ice_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n above_o two_o yard_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n tell_v i_o they_o have_v see_v it_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n thick_a which_o thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o also_o within_o room_n in_o the_o most_o severe_a weather_n the_o needle_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n at_o other_o time_n i_o expose_v the_o needle_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n keep_v the_o stone_n warm_a at_o other_o time_n both_o be_v expose_v but_o in_o none_o of_o my_o experiment_n can_v i_o conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a to_o their_o attractive_a faculty_n for_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o to_o a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o ten_o several_a good_a stone_n employ_v for_o this_o purpose_n i_o assay_v also_o to_o find_v out_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a whereby_o to_o fit_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o the_o weather-glass_n and_o to_o that_o end_n make_v use_v of_o conduit_n water_n and_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n blackcherry_n nightshade_n scurvigrass_n and_o horse-raddish_n all_o which_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o a_o fire_n be_v keep_v and_o then_o remove_v and_o measure_v out_o into_o spoon_n in_o equal_a quantity_n and_o also_o a_o drop_n of_o they_o drop_v on_o the_o same_o bench_n but_o though_o this_o be_v often_o try_v i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o sure_a inference_n from_o they_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o blackcherry_n water_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v first_o but_o the_o other_o with_o very_o great_a uncertainty_n the_o horse-raddish_n and_o scurvigrass_n water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o very_a beginning_n of_o freeze_a of_o liquor_n be_v to_o move_v a_o pin_n or_o needle_n through_o the_o liquor_n whereby_o the_o ice_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o become_v discernible_a when_o the_o naked_a eye_n can_v discover_v none_o at_o all_o finis_fw-la figure_n 1._o page_z 9_o 10_o 11_o â—_o 98._o a_o the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c_o the_o stem_n d_o the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n figure_n 2._o the_o open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâ—mentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ—_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â—_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ—_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n of_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o in_o a_o experiment_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o oil_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o though_o i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o liquor_n in_o small_a '_o vessel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o air_n in_o 〈◊〉_d night_n 〈◊〉_d extraordinary_o sharp_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o salt_n will_v 〈◊〉_d the_o experiment_n succeed_v 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o try_v it_o with_o several_a parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o learned_a doctor_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o he_o use_v not_o our_o 〈◊〉_d mixture_n do_v bring_v that_o liquor_n either_o to_o
water_n we_o will_v easy_o be_v more_o certain_a of_o then_o if_o we_o have_v employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o this_o oil_n itself_o we_o rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o the_o more_o pure_a and_o subtle_a then_o we_o take_v a_o small_a round_a vessel_n of_o clear_a glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o convenient_o long_a stem_n or_o pipe_n and_o have_v first_o weigh_v the_o glass_n alone_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o very_o good_a scale_n we_o find_v it_o to_o weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 56_o ½_o gr_n then_o put_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n till_o it_o fill_v the_o round_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o ascend_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o careful_o mark_v with_o a_o diamond_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n how_o high_a it_o reach_v and_o then_o weigh_v the_o glass_n and_o the_o oil_n together_o which_o weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 34_o ½_o gr_n than_o we_o put_v in_o by_o degree_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o drachm_n and_o with_o a_o diamond_n careful_o mark_v how_o high_a it_o reach_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o so_o we_o continue_v put_v in_o several_a quantity_n of_o oil_n still_o careful_o weigh_v each_o parcel_n in_o the_o scale_n and_o mark_v its_o height_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o we_o do_v in_o order_n to_o a_o certain_a design_n and_o find_v it_o a_o work_n tedious_a and_o troublesome_a enough_o till_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o glass_n together_o weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o ½_o grain_n then_o we_o put_v fair_a water_n into_o a_o open-mouthed_a glass_n in_o which_o we_o also_o place_v the_o little_a bolt-head_n with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o by_o such_o a_o circumposition_n of_o salt_n and_o snow_n as_o be_v title_n hereafter_o to_o be_v often_o mention_v we_o make_v the_o water_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o by_o which_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n contain_v the_o oil_n be_v surround_v we_o make_v this_o water_n i_o say_v begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o when_o 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and_o last_o have_v deduct_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a oil_n and_o glass_n to_o obtain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o oil_n alone_o and_o have_v divide_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a oil_n first_o by_o that_o of_o the_o former_a parcel_n we_o have_v mention_v to_o be_v ten_o grain_n and_o then_o by_o the_o superadded_a weight_n of_o the_o second_o parcel_n we_o take_v out_o both_o which_o parcel_n together_o we_o estimate_v at_o twenty_o grain_n we_o find_v that_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n of_o a_o moderate_a temper_n be_v expose_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o will_v freeze_v common_a water_n do_v by_o by_o shrink_v lose_v but_o about_o a_o ninty_n four_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o we_o can_v bring_v it_o to_o by_o snow_n and_o salt_n even_o than_o it_o lose_v but_o about_o a_o forty_o seven_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n i_o say_v about_o because_o i_o 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be_v design_v to_o measure_v in_o what_o proportion_n water_n of_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v make_v to_o shrink_v by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n before_o it_o begin_v by_o congelation_n to_o expand_v itself_o of_o this_o what_o we_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n be_v only_o that_o by_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v with_o common_a water_n in_o a_o round_a glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o long_a stem_n we_o find_v the_o water_n in_o that_o stem_n to_o subside_o so_o very_o little_a that_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v insensible_a it_o be_v inconsiderable_a but_o probable_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o a_o slendere_a stem_n will_v have_v make_v the_o shrink_n of_o the_o liquor_n more_o notable_a and_o upon_o that_o account_n it_o be_v that_o i_o here_o mention_v it._n 10._o the_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o measure_v by_o the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o water_n what_o change_n be_v produce_v in_o it_o betwixt_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o summer_n and_o first_o a_o glaciate_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o then_o the_o high_a we_o can_v produce_v by_o art_n and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o we_o weigh_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o exact_a scale_n a_o glass_n bubble_v heavy_a than_o water_n in_o that_o liquor_n when_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v at_o a_o moderate_a temper_n as_o to_o coldness_n and_o by_o the_o diminution_n which_o we_o find_v of_o the_o glass_n weight_n in_o the_o water_n we_o easy_o collect_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o the_o glass_n bubble_n and_o thereby_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o glass_n and_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o such_o water_n as_o we_o first_o weigh_v it_o in_o then_o by_o the_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o make_v that_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o weigh_v in_o it_o again_o the_o same_o bubble_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o 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make_v much_o light_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n we_o may_v obtain_v the_o information_n we_o desire_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o we_o also_o recommend_v to_o some_o virtuoso_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o gratify_v we_o that_o such_o a_o experiment_n may_v be_v procure_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n in_o some_o part_n of_o italy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o there_o not_o unfrequent_a conveniency_n of_o a_o conservatory_n of_o snow_n wherein_o the_o water_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o hour_n at_o who_o beginning_n the_o there_o warm_a air_n have_v give_v it_o its_o great_a expansion_n and_o so_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o density_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o water_n may_v be_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a but_o as_o i_o have_v not_o receive_v any_o account_n of_o my_o desire_n from_o abroad_o so_o come_v now_o 〈◊〉_d home_n to_o review_v the_o memorial_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v write_v of_o the_o new_o mention_v observation_n i_o find_v that_o through_o the_o negligence_n or_o mistake_n of_o a_o amanuensis_fw-la there_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o manifest_a oversight_n commit_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d down_o the_o number_n which_o my_o memory_n do_v not_o now_o enable_v i_o to_o repair_v and_o the_o season_n be_v now_o improper_a to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o the_o numerical_a parcel_n of_o water_n i_o have_v keep_v and_o i_o employ_v both_o time_n be_v throw_v away_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a if_o not_o too_o much_o to_o have_v thus_o particular_o intimate_v the_o way_n we_o take_v without_o ad_v the_o caution_n where_o with_o we_o proceed_v nor_o what_o trial_n we_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n since_o unlucky_a accident_n frustrate_v our_o attempt_n 11._o whether_o the_o make_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o trial_n with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o particular_a river_n or_o sea_n man_n be_v to_o sail_v on_o may_v afford_v any_o useful_a estimate_n if_o and_o how_o much_o ship_n and_o other_o vessel_n may_v on_o those_o 〈◊〉_d be_v safe_o load_v more_o in_o winter_n 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d may_v be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o this_o place_n 〈◊〉_d any_o 〈◊〉_d notice_n then_o to_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o water_n high_o refrigerated_a and_o that_o which_o be_v but_o of_o a_o usual_a degree_n of_o coldness_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o some_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o have_v think_v for_o on_o a_o day_n which_o though_o make_v cold_a by_o snow_n intermingle_v with_o the_o rain_n that_o then_o fall_v be_v not_o a_o frost_n we_o take_v common_a water_n and_o weigh_v in_o it_o a_o glass_n bubble_n who_o weight_n in_o the_o air_n be_v 150._o grain_n and_o this_o bubble_n weigh_v in_o that_o water_n lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o former_a weight_n as_o to_o weigh_v about_o 28_o â…_n grain_n 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expansion_n wr_v considerable_a since_o the_o water_n rise_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o stem_n though_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o egg_n and_o stem_n too_o weigh_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a 〈◊〉_d the_o vessel_n have_v not_o be_v unlucky_o crack_v we_o shall_v have_v freeze_v the_o water_n once_o more_o and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o glass_n hermetical_o and_o suffer_v the_o ice_n leisurely_o to_o thaw_v shall_v have_v invert_v it_o and_o break_v it_o under_o water_n and_o have_v proceed_v with_o it_o as_o we_o have_v do_v with_o some_o other_o glass_n in_o the_o former_o mention_v experiment_n 9_o a_fw-la little_a glass_n cylinder_n open_v only_a at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o convenient_a length_n be_v thrust_v into_o a_o deep_a and_o wide_a mouth'd-glass_n about_o half_n fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o the_o cylinder_n be_v neither_o so_o quite_o fill_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v over_o nor_o yet_o far_o short_a of_o be_v 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invert_v the_o stem_n and_o break_v the_o neb_n under_o water_n we_o find_v about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n to_o have_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o stem_n so_o that_o in_o this_o there_o seem_v no_o generation_n of_o air._n 17._o to_o all_o these_o experiment_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v in_o two_o word_n that_o as_o in_o water_n so_o in_o some_o aqueous_a liquor_n we_o find_v that_o the_o icy_a bubble_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o measure_v their_o respective_a expansion_n by_o be_v congeal_v for_o in_o that_o elsewhere_o mention_a experiment_n where_o we_o expose_v milk_n urine_n and_o rhenish-wine_n to_o freeze_v when_o all_o those_o liquor_n be_v rise_v above_o their_o former_a mark_n as_o be_v there_o relate_v our_o note_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o experiment_n be_v thus_o prosecute_v 18._o be_v seal_v up_o the_o forego_v word_n mention_v the_o abovenamed_a expanded_a liquor_n and_o suffer_v to_o thaw_v the_o 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air_n to_o be_v condense_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v account_v by_o estimation_n for_o the_o slender_a pipe_n new_o take_v notice_n of_o almost_o 9_o â…ž_n inch_n this_o space_n we_o observe_v the_o ascend_a water_n as_o the_o ice_n increase_v below_o to_o invade_v by_o degree_n for_o we_o watch_v it_o and_o measure_v it_o from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o much_o till_o at_o length_n the_o water_n reach_v to_o 8._o inch_n and_o â…ž_n almost_o above_o the_o station_n which_o we_o have_v careful_o mark_v with_o a_o diamond_n in_o which_o we_o find_v it_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v seal_v up_o leave_v but_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n at_o the_o top_n so_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a space_n before_o possess_v by_o the_o air_n the_o water_n have_v intrude_v into_o near_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o then_o be_v partly_o apprehensive_a the_o glass_n will_v hold_v no_o long_o but_o have_v its_o upper_a part_n blow_v off_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o we_o a_o little_a before_o with_o 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hour_n have_v be_v divert_v by_o some_o occasion_n from_o take_v it_o soon_o out_o we_o find_v as_o we_o have_v conjecture_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n continue_v perfect_o fluid_a as_o before_o yet_o the_o bubble_n total_o immerse_v in_o this_o heat_n chemical_a oil_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o not_o except_v that_o which_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o little_a neck_n or_o stalk_v and_o when_o i_o come_v to_o lift_v it_o out_o of_o the_o liquor_n the_o glass_n be_v crack_v as_o we_o suppose_v by_o the_o cold_a the_o string_n bring_v up_o a_o little_a part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o form_n above_o mention_v stay_v behind_o and_o subside_v and_o that_o which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v that_o when_o we_o have_v take_v it_o out_o it_o appear_v cleave_v very_o deep_a from_o the_o outside_n almost_o to_o the_o centre_n according_a to_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o 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that_o distance_n will_v be_v free_o transmit_v through_o the_o glass_n without_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o visible_a liquor_n and_o according_o we_o find_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n crack_v by_o the_o ice_n that_o fill_v it_o title_n xv._n experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v ice_n 1._o a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o present_a history_n be_v employ_v about_o deliver_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o congelation_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o in_o this_o section_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o ice_n as_o a_o distinct_a part_n of_o our_o theme_n we_o shall_v deliver_v all_o those_o particular_n that_o have_v occur_v to_o we_o wherein_o ice_n be_v concern_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v restrain_v ourselves_o to_o the_o mention_n of_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o ice_n consider_v as_o it_o consist_v of_o entire_a and_o distinct_a portion_n of_o congeal_v water_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v deliver_v some_o few_o experiment_n of_o our_o own_o such_o as_o we_o have_v any_o 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common_a salt_n but_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v not_o well_o though_o once_o we_o bring_v the_o ice_n to_o stick_v to_o the_o wood_n manifest_o but_o not_o strong_o 8._o to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o when_o we_o watchful_o make_v it_o succeed_v well_o and_o i_o find_v it_o among_o my_o note_n set_v down_o in_o these_o term_n solid_a fragment_n of_o ice_n have_v pretty_a store_n of_o salt_n throw_v on_o they_o upon_o the_o first_o fall_v of_o the_o salt_n among_o the_o ice_n there_o be_v produce_v a_o little_a 〈◊〉_d noise_n and_o for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o there_o manifest_o ascend_v out_o of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n convenient_o hold_v betwixt_o a_o candle_n and_o the_o eye_n a_o steam_n or_o smoke_n like_o that_o of_o warm_a meat_n though_o the_o night_n be_v rainy_a and_o warm_a and_o though_o the_o morning_n have_v not_o be_v frosty_a the_o mention_n here_o make_v of_o the_o crackle_n noise_n make_v by_o the_o ice_n upon_o 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the_o same_o but_o much_o more_o powerful_o and_o without_o seem_v to_o crack_v the_o ice_n which_o it_o pass_v through_o so_o that_o though_o but_o three_o or_o four_o drop_n be_v let_v fall_n upon_o the_o plate_n it_o immediate_o show_v itself_o in_o drop_n exceed_o corrosive_a on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o a_o trial_n make_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n upon_o three_o such_o plate_n of_o ice_n freeze_a one_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o another_o 10._o have_v proceed_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a towards_o the_o bring_v the_o strength_n of_o ice_n to_o some_o kind_n of_o estimate_n by_o such_o experiment_n as_o we_o have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v here_o we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o seek_v what_o information_n we_o can_v get_v about_o this_o matter_n among_o the_o description_n that_o be_v give_v we_o of_o cold_a region_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v any_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o this_o purpose_n worth_n transcribe_v except_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o upsal_n wherein_o though_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o ice_n be_v as_o we_o shall_v by_o and_o by_o show_n 〈◊〉_d after_o a_o gross_a manner_n yet_o since_o this_o itself_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o elsewhere_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a subjoyn_v as_o our_o author_n deliver_v it_o in_o these_o term_n glacies_fw-la say_v 14._o he_o primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la hyemis_fw-la adeò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la vero_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la seu_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la inferiùs_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la hyemalibus_fw-la memorandum_n erit_fw-la but_o though_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o afford_v we_o a_o illustrious_a testimony_n of_o the_o wonderful_a strong_a cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o ice_n yet_o we_o mention_v it_o but_o as_o a_o popular_a way_n of_o estimate_n which_o may_v better_a embolden_v traveller_n then_o satisfy_v philosopher_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o author_n determine_v only_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o not_o the_o distance_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o that_o support_v the_o weight_n from_o the_o shore_n or_o brink_n on_o which_o as_o on_o a_o hypomochlion_n the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n do_v lean_a or_o rest_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o ice_n as_o a_o lever_n and_o the_o brink_n or_o brink_n on_o which_o it_o be_v support_v as_o a_o single_a or_o double_a sulcrum_fw-la the_o distance_n of_o the_o weight_n may_v be_v of_o very_o great_a moment_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o pressure_n or_o gravitation_n on_o the_o ice_n which_o may_v much_o more_o easy_o support_v the_o weight_n of_o divers_a man_n place_v very_o near_o the_o prop_n then_o that_o of_o one_o man_n place_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o as_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v by_o those_o that_o be_v not_o stranger_n to_o the_o mechanic_n especial_o to_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o lever_n but_o not_o now_o to_o debate_v whether_o in_o certain_a case_n the_o ice_n we_o speak_v of_o may_v not_o receive_v some_o support_n from_o the_o subjacent_a water_n nor_o whether_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v not_o sometime_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o case_n a_o little_a our_o very_a consider_v the_o ice_n as_o a_o single_a or_o double_a lever_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v we_o from_o measure_v the_o determinate_a strength_n of_o ice_n upon_o olaus_n observation_n yet_o it_o will_v set_v forth_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o since_o by_o his_o indefinite_a expression_n he_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o intimate_v that_o when_o the_o ice_n have_v attain_v such_o a_o thickness_n its_o resistance_n be_v equivalent_a to_o such_o a_o weight_n without_o examine_v on_o what_o part_n of_o the_o ice_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v place_v 11._o thus_o far_o our_o experiment_n concern_v ice_n with_o the_o appendix_n subjoin_v out_o of_o olaus_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o some_o of_o the_o observation_n we_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o seman_n journal_o and_o elsewhere_o i_o say_v to_o some_o because_o to_o enumerate_v they_o all_o will_v spend_v more_o time_n and_o labour_n than_o i_o can_v afford_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v restrain_v myself_o to_o the_o mention_n of_o some_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a i._o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o deliver_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o section_n from_o the_o report_n of_o a_o traveller_n into_o russia_n touch_v the_o hardness_n of_o ice_n in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n in_o comparison_n of_o our_o ice_n which_o i_o have_v find_v it_o easy_a to_o scrape_v with_o glass_n or_o to_o cut_v with_o a_o knife_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v this_o passage_n of_o captain_n g._n weymouth_n in_o his_o voyage_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northwest_o 13._o passage_n as_o we_o be_v say_v he_o break_v off_o some_o of_o this_o ice_n which_o be_v very_o painful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v for_o it_o be_v almost_o as_o hard_o as_o a_o rock_n etc._n etc._n ii_o next_o to_o show_n that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o superfluous_a wariness_n that_o make_v i_o in_o a_o former_a section_n doubt_n that_o even_o the_o ice_n make_v of_o sea-water_n may_v be_v altogether_o or_o almost_o insipid_a i_o will_v subjoin_v that_o i_o have_v since_o meet_v with_o some_o relation_n that_o seem_v to_o justify_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v and_o in_o one_o of_o our_o englishman_n voyage_n into_o the_o northern_a sea_n i_o find_v more_o than_o one_o instance_n to_o my_o present_a purpose_n though_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o but_o one_o which_o be_v so_o full_a and_o express_a that_o it_o need_v no_o companion_n our_o navigator_n speak_v thus_o about_o nine_o of_o the_o 813._o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n we_o come_v by_o a_o great_a island_n of_o ice_n and_o by_o this_o island_n we_o find_v some_o piece_n of_o ice_n break_v off_o from_o the_o say_a island_n and_o be_v in_o great_a want_n of_o fresh_a water_n we_o hoist_v out_o our_o boat_n of_o both_o ship_n and_o load_v they_o twice_o with_o ice_n which_o make_v we_o very_o good_a fresh_a water_n but_o all_o this_o notwithstanding_o i_o yet_o retain_v some_o scruple_n till_o those_o that_o have_v better_a opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o more_o satisfactory_a experiment_n shall_v ease_v i_o of_o it_o for_o though_o by_o these_o narratives_n it_o seem_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o ice_n
i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o sober_a author_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o learned_a french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n who_o relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o french_a fleet_n sail_v to_o canada_n meet_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o steeple_n and_o particular_o one_o whether_o piece_n or_o bank_n of_o ice_n for_o the_o french_a word_n glace_n may_v signify_v either_o which_o they_o be_v trouble_v to_o coast_n along_o for_o above_o forty_o league_n if_o this_o be_v the_o same_o story_n as_o one_o may_v suspect_v it_o to_o be_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fleet_n there_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o another_o place_n where_o our_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o ice_n but_o if_o it_o be_v another_o story_n as_o some_o differ_a circumstance_n argue_v the_o french_a it_o seem_v meet_v with_o ice_n far_o more_o stupendous_a then_o even_o that_o already_o mention_v for_o say_v 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criterion_n than_o the_o bare_a touch_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o liquor_n these_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o temper_n be_v expose_v to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n and_o there_o watch_v by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v not_o well_o and_o unable_a to_o support_v such_o weather_n myself_o i_o appoint_v to_o attend_v the_o experiment_n and_o he_o according_a to_o direction_n find_v they_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n bring_v i_o in_o the_o two_o pottinger_n in_o each_o of_o which_o i_o see_v the_o beginning_n and_o but_o the_o beginning_n of_o congelation_n where_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o contain_v vessel_n so_o that_o have_v make_v this_o experiment_n with_o much_o great_a exactness_n then_o probable_o berigardus_n do_v or_o for_o want_v of_o such_o instrument_n as_o i_o use_v can_v make_v it_o i_o can_v but_o suspect_v suppose_v the_o common_a water_n he_o and_o i_o use_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n that_o he_o be_v either_o negligent_a or_o over-seen_a in_o affirm_v that_o heat_v and_o refrigerated_a water_n will_v cool_v so_o much_o soon_o as_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o than_o other_o 571._o and_o as_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o will_v freeze_v soon_o at_o all_o so_o till_o he_o have_v better_o make_v out_o the_o reason_n he_o seem_v to_o give_v of_o the_o phaenomenon_n i_o must_v question_v whether_o he_o right_o ascribe_v after_o cabaeus_n if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o the_o congelation_n of_o water_n to_o a_o certain_a coagulum_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o cold_a spirit_n that_o plentiful_o mingle_v with_o the_o water_n which_o coagulum_fw-la it_o seem_v for_o his_o style_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v very_o perspicuous_a that_o he_o will_v have_v to_o consist_v of_o certain_a dry_a corpuscle_n no_o less_o necessary_a to_o conglaciate_a water_n than_o runnet_n to_o curdle_n milk_n and_o for_o what_o this_o author_n say_v 572._o that_o he_o must_v have_v employ_v boil_v or_o scald_a water_n who_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v less_o congealable_a than_o other_o that_o mistake_n may_v be_v sufficient_o disprove_v by_o the_o several_a above_o recite_v trial_n wherein_o we_o find_v water_n moderate_o refrigerated_a to_o freeze_v much_o late_a than_o cold_a and_o whereas_o berigardus_n intimate_v that_o the_o person_n whoever_o he_o be_v that_o he_o dissent_v from_o do_v unskilful_o suppose_v warm_a salt-water_n to_o be_v the_o less_o dispose_v to_o congelation_n for_o be_v salt_n our_o author_n be_v therein_o also_o mistake_v for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a what_o he_o allege_v that_o salt_n outward_o apply_v promote_v the_o congelation_n of_o water_n yet_o that_o dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o have_v a_o contrary_a effect_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o familiar_a observation_n that_o sea-water_n be_v much_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v congeal_v then_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o 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more_o stable_a part_n in_o who_o cavity_n they_o be_v harbour_v and_o thereby_o so_o vitiate_v their_o texture_n as_o to_o impair_v some_o of_o their_o quality_n and_o dispose_v the_o compositum_fw-la to_o corruption_n how_o much_o contusion_n may_v prejudice_v tender_a body_n and_o accelerate_v putrefaction_n be_v evident_a in_o many_o fruit_n especial_o the_o more_o tender_a one_o which_o have_v be_v bruise_v quick_o begin_v to_o rot_v in_o those_o part_n that_o have_v be_v injure_v and_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o show_v to_o conceive_v that_o in_o congelation_n there_o seem_v to_o happen_v a_o almost_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o little_a contusion_n make_v by_o the_o fluid_a part_n harden_v and_o expanded_a by_o frost_n of_o the_o former_o more_o stable_a part_n every_o where_o intercept_v between_o they_o and_o though_o these_o icy_a corpusce_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o the_o side_n of_o that_o stable_a matter_n that_o separate_v they_o and_o 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cruelty_n than_o one_o will_v think_v since_o some_o of_o our_o former_a observation_n have_v make_v it_o probable_a that_o oftentimes_o the_o extinction_n of_o life_n by_o cold_a be_v a_o more_o indolent_a kind_n of_o death_n than_o almost_o any_o other_o but_o in_o a_o rabbit_n purposely_o strangle_v and_o present_o expose_v entire_a to_o a_o bitter_a cold_a we_o find_v ice_n produce_v in_o such_o part_n as_o will_v have_v make_v we_o prosecute_v the_o trial_n have_v the_o want_n of_o such_o animal_n and_o of_o leisure_n not_o hinder_v we_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o divers_a eminent_a writer_n and_o those_o modern_a one_o too_o that_o water_n impregnate_v with_o the_o saline_a part_n of_o plant_n and_o afterward_o freeze_v will_v exhibit_v in_o the_o ice_n the_o shape_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n and_o the_o learned_a but_o i_o fear_v too_o credulous_a gaffarel_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v no_o rarity_n be_v daily_o show_v by_o one_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr clavae_n but_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o publish_v in_o another_o treatise_n experiment_n to_o show_v that_o this_o experiment_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v deliver_v be_v either_o untrue_a or_o very_o contingent_a we_o shall_v need_v but_o to_o add_v that_o since_o the_o experiment_n there_o mention_v we_o do_v again_o late_o try_v what_o can_v be_v do_v with_o decoction_n that_o be_v rich_o imbue_v and_o high_o tinge_v with_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o vegetable_n but_o this_o ice_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n so_o figure_v as_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o tradition_n promise_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v also_o make_v for_o curiosity_n sake_n a_o lixivium_n with_o 16._o part_n of_o water_n and_o but_o one_o of_o salt_n of_o potash_n that_o the_o mixture_n may_v be_v sure_a to_o freeze_v and_o have_v expose_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thin_a glass_n vial_n to_o a_o exceed_a cold_a air_n we_o find_v the_o copious_a ice_n produce_v to_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n in_o little_a stick_n not_o unlike_o those_o prismatical_a body_n wherein_o salt-petre_a be_v wont_n to_o roch_fw-fr and_o those_o part_n of_o this_o ice_n that_o be_v beneath_o the_o water_n be_v shoot_v in_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n exceed_v numerous_a but_o as_o one_o of_o our_o note_n express_o inform_v we_o no_o way_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o tree_n by_o who_o incineration_n nevertheless_o polonian_a potash_n as_o eye_n witness_n that_o deal_n in_o they_o inform_v i_o be_v make_v long_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o new_o recite_v experiment_n i_o chance_v to_o find_v that_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n in_o the_o treatise_n we_o have_v often_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o say_z that_o the_o water_n wherein_o 17._o cabbage_n have_v be_v decoct_v will_n when_o freeze_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n the_o vegetable_a spirit_n be_v as_o he_o suppose_v concentrate_v by_o the_o cold_a how_o well_o this_o experiment_n may_v succeed_v when_o make_v in_o a_o cold_a country_n like_o he_o i_o do_v not_o know_v but_o not_o have_v myself_o when_o i_o first_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o the_o opportunity_n to_o try_v it_o satisfactory_o by_o help_n of_o a_o frosty_a night_n all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o take_v a_o good_a decoction_n of_o cabbage_n and_o filtrate_a it_o through_o cap_n paper_n that_o it_o may_v be_v though_o yellow_a yet_o clear_a and_o then_o by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o our_o frigorifick_a mixture_n we_o freeze_v this_o liquor_n in_o a_o thin_a glass_n vial_n but_o the_o ice_n do_v not_o either_o to_o i_o or_o other_o appear_v to_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o like_o a_o cabbage_n or_o remarkable_o differ_v from_o other_o ice_n and_o be_v afterward_o befriend_v with_o two_o or_o three_o frosty_a night_n we_o expose_v a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n to_o be_v congeal_v by_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o art_n but_o neither_o this_o way_n do_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v well_o and_o though_o once_o a_o few_o ounce_n of_o the_o decoction_n be_v light_o freeze_v in_o a_o vial_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o thin_a ice_n that_o adhere_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o figure_n not_o so_o very_a unlike_o that_o of_o a_o cabbage_n leaf_n but_o that_o some_o such_o accident_n may_v have_v invite_v our_o learned_a author_n to_o think_v that_o the_o representation_n of_o cabbage_n will_v constant_o appear_v in_o their_o freeze_a decoction_n yet_o i_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v this_o figuration_n rather_o casual_a by_o the_o curiosity_n i_o have_v have_v to_o freeze_v the_o decoction_n of_o several_a herb_n some_o of_o they_o spirituous_a enough_o as_o rosemary_n and_o pennyroyal_n without_o be_v able_a to_o find_v in_o the_o ice_n i_o obtain_v from_o they_o any_o conviction_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o tradition_n we_o be_v examine_v and_o i_o have_v late_o have_v more_o than_o once_o by_o freeze_a fair_a water_n alone_o after_o a_o certain_a manner_n ice_n that_o seem_v much_o more_o to_o exhibit_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n than_o any_o decoction_n of_o they_o that_o i_o have_v make_v and_o particular_o i_o find_v more_o than_o once_o that_o by_o put_v hot_a water_n into_o a_o somewhat_o slender_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n and_o agitate_v it_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n consist_v of_o beat_a ice_n salt_n and_o water_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o speedy_o freeze_v thereby_o it_o be_v congeal_v into_o a_o ice_n much_o more_o regular_o and_o pretty_o figure_v than_o i_o have_v see_v it_o in_o divers_a of_o the_o water_n impregnate_v with_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o plant_n though_o of_o these_o we_o be_v tell_v such_o wonder_n such_o particular_n as_o these_o join_v with_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n make_v i_o i_o confess_v somewhat_o surprise_v to_o meet_v in_o berigardus_n forecited_a discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n
to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o some_o glass_n or_o other_o smooth_a body_n that_o will_v not_o imbibe_n water_n for_o thereby_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v exceed_o extenuate_v and_o how_o much_o such_o a_o thinness_n or_o want_n of_o depth_n may_v dispose_v a_o liquor_n to_o be_v speedy_o penetrate_v and_o congeal_v by_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v guess_v by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o section_n out_o of_o olearius_n of_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_a ice_n in_o persia_n by_o make_v water_n thin_o diffuse_v itself_o over_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n or_o some_o other_o apt_o figure_v and_o very_o cold_a body_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o will_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o to_o three_o chimney_n common_o furnish_v with_o fire_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o wash_v they_o be_v thin_o spread_v with_o a_o mop_n will_v present_o congeal_v though_o they_o assure_v i_o it_o be_v hot_a when_o it_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v lay_v 〈◊〉_d and_o cover_v the_o stair_n with_o glossy_a film_n of_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n that_o the_o water_n which_o drop_v down_o from_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o pump_n be_v so_o well_o congeal_v as_o it_o be_v slide_n away_o that_o the_o ice_n thus_o arrest_v in_o its_o passage_n in_o which_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o it_o spread_v itself_o very_o thin_o have_v raise_v a_o kind_n of_o icy_a pyramid_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o height_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o due_a place_n and_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o here_o that_o when_o i_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o those_o that_o want_v nice_a 〈◊〉_d or_o distrust_v their_o skill_n to_o use_v they_o whence_o that_o ice_n come_v that_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n put_v to_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o difficult_a to_o pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o common_a water_n be_v the_o liquor_n employ_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o afford_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o ice_n in_o question_n be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o employ_v liquor_n that_o be_v spirituous_a or_o saline_a it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v do_v indeed_o come_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a egg_n though_o the_o shell_n do_v not_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n because_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o frost_n come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o egg_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o spirituous_a or_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherefore_o as_o a_o expedient_a i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v find_v incongealable_a by_o the_o great_a cold_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o climate_n and_o which_o yet_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o three_o paragraph_n of_o the_o xvi_o title_n be_v more_o indispose_v then_o common_a water_n itself_o to_o thaw_v any_o icy_a efflorescence_n that_o may_v be_v emit_v by_o the_o egg._n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v without_o uniformity_n in_o the_o success_n for_o the_o first_o time_n i_o put_v a_o freeze_a egg_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o any_o ice_n be_v produce_v on_o the_o outside_n neither_o be_v the_o event_n differ_v when_o another_o time_n i_o put_v two_o freeze_a egg_n together_o into_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o that_o oil_n though_o to_o refrigerate_v the_o liquor_n the_o vessel_n be_v for_o a_o while_n place_v upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n and_o though_o also_o the_o eggshell_n at_o their_o gape_a crack_n produce_v by_o congelation_n discover_v that_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v well_o freeze_v i_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n another_o time_n want_v ice_n to_o do_v it_o then_o because_o that_o once_o when_o during_o the_o trial_n i_o be_v hinder_v from_o watch_v it_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n who_o i_o order_v to_o look_v after_o it_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o egg_n that_o be_v put_v to_o thaw_v in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v there_o obtain_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v ready_o have_v believe_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o a_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v make_v myself_o in_o two_o egg_n that_o be_v freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o thaw_v be_v it_o not_o that_o one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mistake_n dip_v in_o water_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v oil_n some_o reader_n may_v have_v expect_v to_o find_v among_o the_o example_n recite_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n that_o strange_a story_n which_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a part_n of_o that_o experiment_n i_o be_v somewhat_o surprise_v at_o the_o success_n for_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n which_o though_o in_o its_o kind_n very_o tender_a may_v be_v probable_o presume_v to_o be_v less_o so_o than_o a_o thermoscope_n make_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n such_o as_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o forecited_a paragraph_n i_o find_v that_o if_o i_o continue_v to_o blow_v any_o thing_n long_o and_o brisk_o the_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o circumstance_n i_o therefore_o name_n because_o possible_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o may_v somewhat_o alter_v the_o case_n will_v sometime_o manifest_o enough_o subside_o and_o in_o that_o paragraph_n of_o the_o
have_v imagine_v that_o cold_a may_v afford_v a_o hopefull_a way_n than_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v any_o man_n have_v use_v of_o bring_v this_o controversy_n to_o the_o dicision_n of_o a_o experiment_n i_o make_v that_o attempt_n that_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o xii_o title_n in_o prosecution_n of_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v procure_v some_o though_o but_o some_o of_o the_o accommodation_n which_o i_o long_o want_v i_o make_v a_o experiment_n which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v because_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o with_o better_a implement_n i_o can_v have_v make_v it_o yet_o the_o way_n i_o choose_v have_v as_o i_o partly_o intimate_v elsewhere_o these_o two_o advantage_n that_o the_o force_n employ_v to_o compress_v the_o air_n be_v both_o very_a great_a and_o very_o gradual_o and_o slow_o apply_v and_o that_o the_o vessel_n will_v not_o like_o those_o that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o give_v any_o passage_n through_o its_o pore_n to_o water_n though_o violent_o compress_v we_o take_v then_o a_o round_a ball_n of_o glass_n furnish_v with_o a_o moderate_o long_a pipe_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o water_n till_o the_o liquor_n reach_v within_o some_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o and_o then_o the_o water_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n be_v make_v to_o freeze_v from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o that_o without_o break_v the_o glass_n the_o unfrozen_a water_n by_o the_o expansive_a endeavour_n of_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v may_v be_v impel_v upward_o and_o so_o at_o once_o both_o compress_v the_o air_n and_o be_v press_v upon_o by_o it_o have_v by_o this_o mean_v condense_v the_o air_n as_o far_o as_o we_o think_v safe_a to_o do_v in_o a_o glass_n that_o be_v not_o strong_a we_o crop_v of_o the_o small_a apex_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o immediate_o the_o compress_v air_n fly_v out_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v unfilled_a with_o water_n be_v fill_v with_o smoke_n that_o make_v it_o look_v white_a and_o great_a store_n of_o little_a bubble_n hasty_o ascend_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o upper_a where_o most_o of_o they_o quick_o break_v in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o usual_o happen_v upon_o the_o open_n of_o vessel_n that_o contain_v bottle_a beer_n but_o that_o which_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v note_v be_v this_o that_o beside_o the_o bubble_n or_o froth_n the_o water_n itself_o at_o least_o suppose_v that_o no_o little_a unheeded_a bubble_n that_o do_v not_o quite_o emerge_n can_v sensible_o contribute_v to_o its_o height_n immediate_o ascend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o have_v careful_o mark_v the_o first_o and_o second_o station_n with_o a_o diamond_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o we_o to_o measure_v i_o have_v elsewhere_o propose_v a_o suspicion_n that_o in_o the_o attempt_n that_o have_v be_v till_o then_o make_v to_o compress_v water_n the_o condensation_n in_o case_n there_o be_v real_o any_o may_v perchance_o proceed_v from_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n that_o i_o have_v show_v to_o be_v wont_a to_o lie_v disperse_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o common_a water_n but_o though_o the_o considerable_a expansion_n of_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o break_n of_o the_o bubble_n in_o our_o present_a experiment_n seem_v manifest_o to_o argue_v that_o this_o can_v be_v but_o a_o concurrent_a cause_n if_o it_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n at_o all_o of_o our_o phaenomena_n yet_o i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o rely_v even_o upon_o a_o experiment_n that_o seem_v so_o cogent_a till_o i_o have_v satisfy_v myself_o that_o no_o springiness_n which_o i_o have_v sometime_o suspect_v may_v be_v in_o the_o ice_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o the_o produce_v effect_n and_o that_o the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o forcible_o condense_v air_n do_v not_o make_v the_o glass_n itself_o stretch_v or_o yield_v for_o if_o it_o be_v able_a to_o do_v so_o than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o violent_o distend_v glass_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o forcible_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o must_v cease_v upon_o the_o break_n of_o the_o hermetical_a seal_n return_v to_o their_o former_a straitness_n below_o will_v make_v the_o water_n ascend_v somewhat_o high_o in_o the_o pipe_n but_o though_o i_o can_v not_o procure_v glass_n as_o well_o very_o thick_a as_o convenient_o shape_v wherewith_o to_o examine_v this_o suspicion_n which_o i_o will_v likewise_o have_v try_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o water_n before_z and_o after_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o compress_v air_n yet_o because_o most_o reader_n will_v probable_o think_v so_o much_o caution_n more_o than_o necessary_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v conveniency_n and_o have_v not_o have_v mischance_n the_o experiment_n will_v in_o likelihood_n have_v be_v advance_v especial_o care_v be_v take_v that_o the_o air_n leave_v in_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v well_o refrigerated_a before_o its_o be_v seal_v up_o as_o we_o sometime_o do_v by_o ice_n and_o salt_n apply_v in_o a_o perforated_a box_n to_o the_o outside_n lest_o part_n of_o its_o spring_n shall_v depend_v upon_o a_o evanid_a degree_n of_o heat_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o pipe_n ought_v beforehand_o to_o be_v draw_v so_o slender_a that_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v melt_v together_o in_o a_o trice_n for_o though_o for_o want_n of_o strong_a glass_n &_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o instrument_n to_o seal_v up_o such_o with_o the_o success_n be_v not_o still_o so_o considerable_a as_o i_o hope_v for_o yet_o as_o 4._o or_o 5._o other_o trial_n make_v as_o well_o with_o another_o liquor_n as_o with_o water_n do_v exhibit_v a_o manifest_a intumescence_n of_o the_o liquor_n without_o compute_v the_o froth_n produce_v at_o the_o top_n so_o in_o the_o experiment_n late_o mention_v if_o we_o have_v judge_v they_o strong_a enough_o to_o endure_v such_o a_o compression_n of_o the_o include_v air_n as_o we_o have_v often_o make_v on_o other_o occasion_n the_o effect_n will_v probable_o have_v be_v much_o more_o considerable_a for_o though_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o length_n of_o the_o same_o water_n compress_v and_o uncompress_v amount_v to_o a_o aqueous_a cylinder_n of_o ⅜_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o height_n yet_o the_o air_n that_o make_v this_o compression_n of_o the_o water_n be_v itself_o reduce_v but_o from_o 8._o inch_n to_o 5._o so_o that_o it_o take_v up_o almost_o half_a its_o former_a room_n whereas_o we_o have_v sometime_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o 18._o or_o 20._o part_n thereof_o if_o i_o have_v be_v accommodate_v with_o one_o of_o my_o pneumatical_a engine_n i_o shall_v have_v try_v whether_o water_n be_v first_o careful_o free_v from_o the_o latitant_fw-la air_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o then_o compress_v after_o the_o manner_n hitherto_o recite_v the_o event_n of_o the_o trial_n will_v have_v be_v considerable_o vary_v i_o may_v add_v as_o other_o phaenomena_n of_o our_o experiment_n that_o when_o we_o break_v off_o the_o seal_a apex_n of_o the_o glass_n before_o the_o include_v air_n be_v much_o compress_v there_o neither_o 〈◊〉_d be_v any_o great_a noise_n make_v nor_o any_o considerable_a froth_n produce_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o one_o of_o the_o same_o glass_n 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d use_v and_o with_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v be_v already_o compress_v in_o it_o we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o break_n off_o the_o hermetical_a seal_n the_o second_o time_n the_o water_n do_v nevertheless_o ascend_v in_o the_o pipe_n betwixt_o ⅛_n and_o ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n and_o to_o these_o particular_n i_o can_v both_o add_v other_o circumstance_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o same_o experiment_n and_o subjoin_v many_o other_o experiment_n and_o observation_n but_o that_o i_o be_o already_o tire_v and_o though_o i_o have_v not_o find_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o subject_a over-fruitful_a in_o experiment_n please_a and_o curious_a yet_o now_o i_o be_o grow_v somewhat_o acquaint_v with_o it_o i_o find_v it_o may_v suggest_v so_o many_o other_o new_a one_o that_o since_o the_o barrenness_n of_o my_o theme_n will_v not_o easy_o put_v a_o period_n to_o this_o treatise_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o now_o at_o length_n i_o shall_v let_v my_o weariness_n and_o want_n of_o leisure_n do_v it_o finis_fw-la a_fw-la examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v teach_v and_o prove_v themistius_n carneades_n eleutherius_fw-la themistius_n 1._o as_o for_o antiperistasis_n the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o conspicuous_a and_o
14._o inch_n long_o furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o have_v provide_v a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n of_o a_o convenient_a shape_n and_o size_n and_o fill_v it_o but_o to_o a_o due_a height_n that_o it_o may_v not_o afterward_o run_v over_o with_o common_a water_n i_o so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v support_v by_o the_o cork_n into_o which_o by_o a_o perforation_n or_o slit_v it_o be_v insert_v when_o the_o glass_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o cork_n the_o whole_a ball_n of_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n that_o fill_v the_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o do_v no_o where_o touch_v either_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o ball_n or_o bubble_n be_v every_o way_n surround_v with_o water_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o observe_v at_o what_o station_n the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a water_n have_v make_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n rest_n in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o then_o have_v provide_v a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o warm_a water_n in_o a_o commodious_o shape_v vessel_n i_o remove_v the_o instrument_n into_o it_o and_o place_v it_o so_o as_o that_o the_o external_a warm_a water_n reach_v to_o a_o convenient_a height_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o open_a mouth_a glass_n but_o though_o i_o careful_o watch_v whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_a water_n will_v increase_v or_o strike_v inward_o the_o cold_a of_o that_o water_n which_o do_v immediate_o encompass_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n yet_o i_o perceive_v no_o such_o matter_n the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o stem_n keep_v its_o station_n without_o sink_v beneath_o it_o till_o the_o heat_n after_o a_o while_n have_v by_o degree_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o former_o cold_a water_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o that_o now_o warm_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o thermometer_n begin_v to_o ascend_v 56._o and_o to_o reduce_v the_o other_o part_n too_o 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point_n wherein_o the_o modern_a schoolman_n seem_v to_o have_v so_o much_o consult_v nature_n as_o in_o this_o of_o antiperistasis_n for_o inquire_v what_o have_v be_v write_v of_o that_o subject_n that_o may_v either_o confirm_v or_o oppose_v what_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a dialogue_n be_v deliver_v about_o antiperistasis_n i_o find_v that_o the_o curiousness_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o subject_n have_v make_v two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o writer_n less_o negligent_a than_o i_o suspect_v but_o though_o i_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o in_o they_o a_o experiment_n or_o two_o that_o seem_v cogent_o to_o evince_v i_o do_v not_o say_v a_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o school_n but_o that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v real_o hot_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o i_o must_v for_o a_o while_n long_o continue_v my_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n which_o that_o even_o such_o person_n as_o be_v circumspect_a themselves_o may_v not_o think_v unreasonable_a i_o will_v brief_o subjoin_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o scepticism_n about_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v far_o more_o industrious_a than_o other_o aristotelian_o and_o on_o some_o subject_n be_v careful_a to_o propose_v experiment_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o happy_a in_o express_v his_o thought_n assure_v we_o somewhere_o that_o have_v keep_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n for_o three_o year_n together_o in_o a_o good_a cellar_n he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o seem_v undeniable_o to_o infer_v that_o whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n in_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v indeed_o great_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o another_o recent_a schoolman_n who_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o the_o learned_a man_n publish_v his_o little_a book_n under_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n name_n affirm_v that_o he_o find_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n that_o a_o well_o at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v be_v cold_a in_o summer_n and_o hot_a in_o winter_n and_o these_o assertion_n of_o zucchius_n and_o the_o other_o jesuit_n do_v i_o confess_v restrain_v i_o for_o a_o while_n from_o yield_v a_o full_a assent_n to_o what_o carneades_n have_v deliver_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o subterraneal_a cold_a and_o heat_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o be_o not_o hitherto_o reduce_v by_o these_o experiment_n to_o declare_v with_o his_o adversary_n against_o he_o because_o of_o the_o follow_a scruple_n first_o then_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v indefinite_o affirm_v and_o believe_v that_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v hot_a in_o winter_n
there_o be_v no_o probability_n that_o the_o ice_n shall_v be_v generate_v according_a to_o the_o way_n propose_v by_o mr._n hobs._n for_o he_o will_v scarce_o prove_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o likelihood_n that_o a_o wind_n pierce_v the_o shell_n and_o close_a coat_n of_o the_o egg_n to_o get_v into_o the_o contain_v liquor_n and_o freeze_v they_o and_o a_o more_o unlikely_a assertion_n it_o will_v be_v to_o pretend_v as_o he_o that_o maintain_v mr._n hobs_n doctrine_n mun_o that_o so_o very_o little_a air_n if_o there_o be_v any_o as_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v by_o the_o cold_a which_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o expand_v air_n nor_o water_n till_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v it_o freeze_v turn_v into_o a_o wind_n subtle_a enough_o free_o to_o penetrate_v the_o shell_n and_o coat_n of_o the_o egg_n and_o great_a enough_o to_o diffuse_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o turn_v on_o every_o side_n the_o neighbour_a water_n into_o ice_n and_o all_o this_o 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to_o it_o in_o the_o vessel_n and_o then_o to_o drive_v it_o forcible_o in_o till_o by_o considerable_a weight_n append_v to_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o plug_n when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v invert_v we_o can_v not_o draw_v it_o out_o the_o success_n of_o one_o of_o these_o trial_n be_v thus_o set_v down_o in_o our_o collection_n 7._o a_o plug_n be_v drive_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n first_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o plug_n be_v also_o well_o soak_v than_o the_o cylinder_n be_v invert_v the_o plug_n take_v up_o half_a a_o hundred_o and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o weight_n and_o will_v possible_o have_v take_v up_o much_o more_o and_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o freeze_a water_n thrust_v out_o the_o plug_n about_o a_o barley-corn_n breadth_n quite_o round_o above_o the_o upper_a edge_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o it_o freeze_a all_o that_o day_n and_o the_o next_o night_n it_o be_v again_o expose_v the_o plug_n not_o be_v 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