those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n be_v bring_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v at_o 10_o inch_n high_a second_o if_o instead_o of_o draw_v any_o out_o air_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a than_o it_o be_v former_a station_n three_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v as_o to_o make_v the_o mercury_n subside_o to_o a_o level_n experiment_n xxii_o in_o tubes_n open_a at_o both_o end_n when_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pretend_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n will_v impel_v quicksilver_n no_o high_o in_o slender_a than_o in_o large_a pipe_n pipe_n the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n equal_a in_o small_a and_o wide_a pipe_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v buoy_v up_o mercury_n equal_a in_o large_a as_o in_o small_a tube_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v put_v as_o much_o mercury_n into_o a_o glass_n tube_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o as_o reach_v 3_o or_o 4_o finger_n the_o one_o end_v be_v seal_v hermetical_o we_o hang_v two_o tube_n by_o string_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v water_n upon_o the_o mercury_n and_o observe_v the_o mercury_n to_o be_v equal_o raise_v in_o the_o great_a pipe_n as_o in_o the_o little_a one_o and_o the_o water_n be_v suck_v out_o it_o proportionable_o subside_v in_o each_o the_o ii_o trial_n have_v pour_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n near_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o fill_v two_o pipe_n of_o mercury_n of_o a_o unequal_a boar_n the_o one_o end_v of_o each_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v we_o immerse_v they_o in_o the_o large_a tube_n contrive_v to_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n when_o below_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o not_o only_a both_o of_o they_o subside_v to_o a_o equal_a station_n but_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o buoy_v they_o up_o both_o alike_o in_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o water_n be_v successive_o suck_v out_o and_o put_v in_o again_o the_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n proportionable_o fall_v and_o rise_v equal_o in_o both_o no_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o wideness_n of_o their_o diameter_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n experiment_n xxiii_o at_o what_o height_n mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n as_o well_o as_o pure_a mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v have_v fill_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n and_o invert_v it_o it_o do_v not_o fall_v below_o 31_o inch_n in_o try_v this_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o if_o the_o amalgama_n be_v too_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o stick_v to_o the_o tube_n and_o will_v likewise_o hinder_v several_a aerial_a corpuscle_n from_o fly_v away_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_v so_o do_v its_o ascent_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la three_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o consider_v whether_o these_o two_o metal_n penetrate_v each_o other_o dimension_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v copper_n and_o tin_n to_o do_v and_o by_o form_v a_o new_a metalline_a substance_n to_o render_v the_o composition_n heavy_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o single_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o method_n of_o make_v barometer_n which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o distant_a country_n to_o make_v a_o portable_a barometer_n we_o take_v a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n long_o and_o have_v bend_v one_o end_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o short_a leg_n about_o a_o four_o part_n as_o long_o as_o the_o other_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n we_o inject_v mercury_n into_o the_o short_a leg_n by_o a_o tunnel_n till_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n in_o both_o leg_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v stop_v with_o the_o finger_n we_o incline_v the_o long_a leg_n and_o so_o by_o successive_o fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o incline_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v into_o the_o long_a we_o fill_v the_o long_a leg_n quite_o full_a of_o mercury_n and_o by_o incline_v it_o several_a time_n afterward_o and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n which_o usual_o lie_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o seal_a head_n to_o run_v through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n backward_o and_o forward_o we_o free_v it_o from_o those_o bubble_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o its_o pore_n but_o beside_o this_o way_n of_o fill_v the_o pipe_n we_o have_v with_o less_o trouble_n do_v it_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tunnel_n which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o little_a incline_v reach_v a_o little_a above_o the_o flexure_n of_o the_o syphon_n will_v fill_v the_o tube_n without_o much_o trouble_n and_o the_o pipe_n thus_o fill_v with_o mercury_n may_v by_o often_o erect_v of_o it_o and_o shake_v the_o pipe_n so_o erect_v be_v free_v from_o those_o airy_a particle_n which_o common_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n 2._o see_v the_o whole_a barometer_n plat._n 7._o fig._n ig_a 2._o the_o barometer_n be_v thus_o order_v we_o contrive_v a_o frame_n to_o carry_v it_o in_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n in_o which_o a_o gutter_n be_v cut_v for_o the_o pipe_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v likewise_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o contain_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o this_o tube_n the_o pipe_n be_v lodge_v in_o this_o gutter_n we_o fix_v a_o cover_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o frame_n with_o little_a highe_n the_o other_o when_o occasion_n require_v be_v fasten_v with_o hasp_v and_o because_o the_o motion_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v put_v into_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o pipe_n be_v there_o too_o much_o liberty_n give_v it_o to_o move_v in_o or_o be_v there_o any_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o gutter_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o we_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v cotton_n both_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o betwixt_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o and_o that_o the_o empty_a space_n which_o be_v usual_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a we_o take_v care_n to_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o remain_a space_n unpossessed_a with_o mercury_n either_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o mercury_n or_o with_o water_n seal_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a tube_n hermetical_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v use_v again_o and_o then_o the_o superflous_a mercury_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o immerse_v a_o small_a pipe_n in_o it_o which_o if_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n will_v take_v away_o so_o much_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o immersed_a tube_n have_v receive_v into_o it_o but_o if_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o may_v be_v lick_v up_o with_o a_o sponge_n and_o if_o by_o shake_v of_o this_o barometer_n in_o long_a journey_n any_o particle_n shall_v get_v out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o large_a by_o successive_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v backward_o and_o forward_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n may_v easy_o be_v free_v from_o bubble_n of_o what_o use_v this_o barometer_n may_v be_v in_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o long_a journey_n both_o at_o sea_n and_o at_o land_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o consider_v only_o i_o shall_v annex_v this_o advertisement_n that_o sometime_o after_o i_o make_v this_o barometer_n have_v carry_v it_o about_o 33_o mile_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o do_v not_o rise_v by_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n i_o can_v yet_o determine_v experiment_n xxv_o what_o height_n the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n some_o observation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n especial_o the_o picinino_n of_o teneriff_n have_v observe_v the_o height_n at_o which_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o a_o barometer_n make_v the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o height_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n
shall_v be_v think_v to_o subside_o only_o for_o want_v of_o the_o internal_a air_n to_o bear_v it_o up_o we_o continue_v pump_v till_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o egg_n expand_v further_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n the_o air_n be_v thus_o far_o rarify_v we_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bubble_n with_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 20_o and_o consequent_o according_a to_o euclid_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o sphere_n be_v triplicate_v to_o that_o of_o their_o diameter_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o lesser_a being_n one_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o other_o must_v be_v 8000._o so_o that_o the_o air_n expanded_a possess_v 8000_o time_n the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o glass_n egg_n be_v fill_v with_o such_o water_n again_o and_o no_o air_n include_v in_o it_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v yet_o the_o water_n do_v not_o subside_o till_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o last_o rose_n to_o the_o top_n who_o diameter_n be_v to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o glass_n as_o 1_o to_o 14_o so_o that_o according_a to_o euclid_n rule_n beforementioned_a the_o bubble_n expanded_a possess_v 2744_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o but_o dr._n wallis_n observe_v the_o great_a thinness_n of_o the_o glass_n think_v that_o the_o expanded_a bubble_n possess_v 8232_o time_n it_o be_v former_a dimension_n n._n b._n water_n be_v let_v into_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n till_o it_o will_v receive_v no_o more_o we_o find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o leak_n the_o receiver_n have_v not_o be_v perfect_o exhaust_v experiment_n ii_o june_n 2.62_o bulk_n air_n expanded_a to_o 10000_o time_n it_o be_v former_a bulk_n asmall_a bolt-head_n which_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v 80_o grain_n of_o water_n be_v invert_v into_o a_o jar_n it_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n expand_v themselves_o present_o drive_v all_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o bolt-head_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o expanded_a air_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n form_v a_o bubble_n no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n after_o this_o we_o fill_v the_o bolt-head_n with_o water_n clear_v of_o air_n and_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaufy_v a_o bubble_n ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n which_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o be_v almost_o invisible_a yet_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v it_o expanded_a itself_o so_o far_o as_o almost_o to_o drive_v all_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o bolt-head_n yet_o when_o the_o external_n air_n be_v again_o admit_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o shrink_v into_o a_o bubble_n who_o diameter_n be_v 1_o 22_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n so_o that_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n it_o expanded_a itself_o 10648_o time_n but_o consider_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o it_o likewise_o in_o some_o measure_n fill_v it_o be_v expanded_a to_o 13769_o time_n its_o bulk_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o small_a bubble_n retract_v be_v 1_o 27_o of_o a_o inch._n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v 29_o 36_o of_o a_o inch._n the_o water_n that_o fill_v the_o head_n be_v 60_o ½_n grain_n the_o water_n that_o fill_v so_o far_o of_o the_o neck_n as_o the_o expanded_a bubble_n possess_v be_v 17_o ½_n grain_n the_o bolt-head_n weigh_v 15_o grain_n experiment_n iii_o the_o forego_v experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o a_o bubble_n who_o diameter_n be_v 1_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n when_o expanded_a possess_v the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o ball_n as_o well_o as_o neck_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a water_n from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o most_o moderate_a estimate_n air_n expanded_a will_v possess_v 2744_o time_n it_o be_v natural_a space_n and_o according_a to_o our_o most_o successful_a experiment_n 13000._o so_o that_o we_o may_v just_o admire_v the_o minuteness_n of_o those_o aerial_a instrument_n that_o she_o employ_v even_o about_o visible_a operation_n chap._n xi_o new_a observation_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o expand_v air._n spring_n observation_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n it_o have_v not_o be_v as_o yet_o attempt_v to_o show_v whether_o a_o portion_n of_o expanded_a air_n will_v retain_v its_o elasticity_n and_o its_o power_n of_o restitution_n or_o not_o nor_o how_o long_o nor_o whether_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n will_v have_v its_o spring_n vary_v upon_o full_a or_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n though_o i_o can_v much_o boast_v of_o the_o progress_n i_o have_v make_v yet_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a attempt_n on_o that_o occasion_n a_o glass_n bubble_n new_o blow_v and_o whilst_o it_o contain_v none_o but_o rarify_v air_n have_v its_o stem_n immediate_o clap_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o seal_v up_o many_o month_n after_o it_o be_v invert_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n and_o the_o seal_n break_v off_o under_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o though_o water_n be_v violent_o impel_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o yet_o the_o include_v air_n have_v so_o far_o retain_v its_o spring_n as_o not_o to_o suffer_v the_o cavity_n to_o be_v quite_o fill_v with_o water_n another_o method_n i_o take_v to_o show_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n leave_v a_o small_a portion_n of_o air_n in_o the_o fold_n of_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n who_o neck_n be_v close_o tie_v it_o be_v enclose_v in_o another_o vessel_n and_o convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o expanded_a air_n distend_v the_o bladder_n so_o that_o it_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o vessel_n by_o who_o side_n it_o be_v guard_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n so_o that_o the_o expanded_a air_n keep_v the_o bladder_n distend_v two_o year_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o contrive_v a_o instrument_n by_o which_o i_o can_v learn_v whether_o and_o how_o long_a air_n various_o expanded_a will_v retain_v its_o spring_n by_o which_o i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o the_o air_n lose_v any_o thing_n considerable_a of_o its_o spring_n in_o ten_o week_n time_n another_o instrument_n i_o make_v use_v of_o by_o which_o i_o can_v find_v that_o air_n expanded_a to_o 1000_o time_n it_o be_v usual_a dimension_n will_v be_v sensible_o affect_v by_o heat_n and_o lose_v the_o expansion_n it_o gain_v thereby_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o heat_n march_n 18._o we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o cylindrical_a glass_n have_v a_o long_a stem_n at_o the_o unseal_v end_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o invert_v into_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o large_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_v and_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n long_o which_o be_v do_v the_o large_a pipe_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o air_n the_o invert_v pipe_n possess_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o it_o down_o to_o the_o stem_n upon_o which_o the_o large_a tube_n be_v close_v up_o the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v the_o same_o space_n 3_o month_n after_o except_o that_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o stem_n upon_o extreme_a cold_n the_o water_n rise_v ⅛_n or_o near_a ¼_n the_o close_v apex_n be_v break_v open_a under_o water_n it_o gradual_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n except_o a_o small_a space_n possess_v by_o a_o little_a bubble_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v ⅗_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n 3_o inch_n the_o bubble_n be_v about_o 2_o 10_o in_o diameter_n and_o 2_o 100_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v according_a to_o dr_n wallis_n his_o computation_n to_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v when_o expanded_a as_o 1_o to_o 1350._o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o mere_a cold_a and_o its_o compression_n without_o mechanichal_n engine_n etc._n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n by_o cold_a etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v condense_v by_o mere_a cold_a when_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v not_o pre-affected_n it_o i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n in_o autumn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n about_o noon_n on_o a_o sun-shiny_a day_n we_o place_v a_o bolt_n head_n in_o a_o frame_n so_o that_o the_o stem_n be_v
green_n red_a and_o yellow_a orange_a tawny_a red_a with_o a_o little_a white_a a_o carnation_n red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_n a_o purple_a and_o by_o a_o decomposition_n of_o all_o these_o they_o represent_v what_o colour_n they_o please_v but_o in_o produce_v of_o colour_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o we_o must_v take_v care_n that_o the_o pigment_n be_v so_o harmless_a as_o not_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o texture_n for_o then_o the_o success_n will_v be_v frustrate_v experiment_n xii_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o body_n do_v not_o only_o seem_v compound_n when_o we_o look_v through_o two_o glass_n at_o once_o upon_o it_o but_o when_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v cast_v through_o a_o double_a glass_n the_o penetrate_a beam_n will_v be_v tinge_v with_o the_o compound_n colour_n but_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n cast_v by_o reflection_n on_o a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n from_o several_a varnish_v glass_n they_o be_v tinge_v with_o none_o of_o the_o colour_n except_o yellow_a so_o that_o i_o suspect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_a to_o penetrate_v deep_o into_o that_o substance_n than_o other_o and_o to_o be_v tinge_v with_o the_o varnish_n which_o guess_v i_o be_v confirm_v in_o by_o spread_v a_o little_a transparent_a varnish_n of_o a_o gold_n colour_n on_o a_o plate_n of_o muscovy_n glass_n for_o the_o ray_n thence_o reflect_v be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n experiment_n fourteen_o i_o not_o only_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o those_o colour_n which_o be_v by_o the_o school_n take_v to_o be_v fantastical_a may_v be_v compound_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o real_a one_o but_o that_o if_o those_o colour_n be_v deficient_a the_o result_a colour_n will_v be_v so_o too_o and_o among_o those_o experiment_n i_o make_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o yellow_a beam_n of_o a_o iris_n pass_v through_o a_o blue_a glass_n be_v turn_v green_n and_o the_o blue_a part_n of_o a_o iris_n cast_v upon_o red_a cioth_n will_v turn_v it_o purple_a and_o by_o cast_v one_o part_n of_o a_o iris_n upon_o another_o iris_n make_v by_o another_o prism_n i_o can_v compound_v colour_n which_o will_v answer_v my_o expectation_n as_o well_o as_o with_o those_o that_o be_v esteem_v real_a colour_n experiment_n xv._o i_o endeavour_v to_o try_v what_o alteration_n will_v be_v make_v in_o colour_n by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o colour_a prism_n but_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v too_o difficult_a to_o get_v such_o as_o i_o desire_v since_o whatever_o pigment_n a_o prism_n be_v colour_a with_o they_o will_v make_v it_o too_o opake_v for_o our_o purpose_n experiment_n xvi_o there_o be_v some_o liquor_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o devoid_a of_o colour_n but_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n for_o the_o time_n have_v very_o conspicuous_a one_o as_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n put_v on_o a_o red_a or_o a_o deep_a yellow_a and_o i_o further_o observe_v that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n traject_v through_o these_o steam_n appear_v tinge_v with_o their_o colour_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o be_v receive_v from_o the_o set_a sun_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a paper_n experiment_n xvii_o have_v mix_v colour_a powder_n together_o i_o observe_v that_o if_o a_o liquor_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o mixture_n the_o same_o colour_n will_v not_o emerge_n as_o from_o the_o dry_a powder_n orpiment_n and_o yellow_a ochre_n be_v mix_v afford_v a_o good_a green_n a_o yellow_a solution_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o a_o blue_a solution_n of_o crude_a copper_n by_o shake_v yield_v a_o transparent_a green_n and_o so_o do_v blue_a and_o yellow_a amel_n melt_v together_o whether_o this_o compound_a colour_n proceed_v from_o a_o union_n of_o ray_n or_o else_o from_o the_o joint_n effect_v they_o have_v upon_o the_o retina_fw-la as_o when_o two_o string_n sound_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o make_v one_o unite_v sound_v i_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o examine_v but_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o by_o a_o good_a microscope_n i_o can_v discern_v each_o of_o the_o powder_n of_o the_o bise_n and_o orpiment_n distinct_a so_o that_o a_o transposition_n and_o juxtaposition_n of_o part_n may_v produce_v a_o new_a colour_n by_o various_o modify_v and_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o fall_n upon_o they_o so_o that_o colour_n be_v mechanical_o produce_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o substantial_a form_n to_o explicate_v they_o nor_o do_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o inherent_a colour_n as_o they_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v since_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o a_o heap_n of_o mix_v particle_n of_o matter_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v how_o these_o compound_a colour_n shall_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o sulphur_n which_o though_o the_o ingredient_n must_v contain_v it_o cause_n no_o such_o effect_n there_o experiment_n xviii_o syrup_n of_o violet_n be_v drop_v upon_o paper_n and_o a_o yellow_a solution_n of_o gold_n mix_v with_o it_o the_o result_n be_v a_o red_a not_o a_o green_a which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o acid_n salt_n in_o the_o solution_n so_o that_o to_o produce_v a_o particular_a colour_n with_o certainty_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o ingredient_n it_o be_v requisite_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v mix_v without_o alter_v each_o other_o texture_n for_o a_o blue_a solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o urine_n make_v with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n not_o a_o blue_n but_o a_o green_n experiment_n xix_o to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v alter_v without_o any_o change_n in_o the_o chemical_a principle_n of_o a_o body_n i_o shall_v urge_v that_o essential_a oil_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shake_v till_o bubble_n rise_v they_o will_v afford_v as_o long_o as_o they_o last_o very_o lively_a colour_n and_o so_o do_v water_n and_o soap_n make_v into_o bubble_n by_o child_n and_o so_o will_v bubble_n in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o thin_a one_o blow_v of_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v discern_v several_a rainbow_n represent_v by_o hold_v before_o my_o rye_n and_o the_o sun_n a_o feather_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o black_a ribbon_n experiment_n xx._n almost_o any_o acid_n mix_v with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la will_v turn_v it_o green_a and_o all_o other_o alkalize_v salt_n and_o this_o may_v discover_v what_o salt_n be_v predominant_a in_o body_n as_o well_o as_o our_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la only_o it_o will_v not_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o so_o slight_a and_o weak_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxi_o blue_a bottle_n or_o corn-weed_n be_v candy_v preserve_v its_o colour_n a_o long_a time_n and_o when_o new_o press_v the_o juice_n will_v be_v blue_a yet_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v turn_v it_o red_a and_o alkaly_n green_n and_o this_o be_v draw_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n moisten_v with_o a_o acid_n it_o render_v it_o red._n a_o solntion_n of_o blue_a vitriol_n in_o water_n upon_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o lixiviate_v liquor_n or_o a_o urinous_a salt_n become_v yellow_a whence_o it_o appear_v that_o volatile_a or_o alkalizate_a salt_n change_v not_o blue_n into_o green_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o easy_a transition_n from_o blue_n to_o green_n but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o experiment_n xxii_o italian_n painter_n be_v use_v to_o imitate_v vliramarine_a azure_a by_o grind_a virdigrease_n with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o leave_v it_o to_o rot_v in_o a_o dunghill_n this_o give_v we_o a_o hint_n to_o pour_v oil_n of_o tartar_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o verdigrease_n which_o though_o at_o first_o the_o mixture_n be_v turbid_v yet_o be_v settle_v it_o produce_v a_o lovely_a tincture_n and_o a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o oil_n it_o yield_v a_o azure_a something_o pale_a than_o the_o former_a and_o if_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o these_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o ceruleous_a liquor_n may_v be_v obtain_v the_o better_a way_n to_o separate_v these_o azure_a liquor_n from_o their_o fece_n be_v by_o decentation_n than_o filtration_n the_o lquor_n be_v by_o the_o latter_a mean_n usual_o stain_v experiment_n xxiii_o though_o the_o fume_n of_o sulphur_n usual_o whiten_n rose_n leave_v yet_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n per_fw-la campanam_fw-la heighten_v the_o colour_n of_o their_o tincture_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o grain_n of_o cochinele_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o afterward_o gradual_o in_o water_n it_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o above_o 125000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a minuteness_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o of_o a_o vast_o minute_n
mark_n be_v about_o the_o 15_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a 10._o a_o large_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_a stem_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v 15_o inch_n the_o whole_a contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v freeze_v the_o freeze_a water_n continue_v to_o swell_v be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n high_o a_o few_o drop_n run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o 11._o another_o egg_n about_o the_o same_o height_n be_v place_v in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n rise_v a_o inch_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n and_o several_a laminae_fw-la of_o ice_n appear_v at_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o the_o neck_n but_o after_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o quarce_a those_o disappear_v and_o the_o ball_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o white_a ice_n the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v raise_v 4_o ½_n inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark._n several_n small_a bubble_n ascend_v through_o the_o neck_n till_o it_o be_v whole_o thaw_v and_o the_o white_a ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v the_o water_n swell_v till_o some_o of_o it_o run_v out_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n upon_o which_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a room_n till_o the_o water_n be_v quite_o thaw_v so_o much_o air_n only-remaining_a above_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v as_o in_o dimension_n equal_v a_o small_a pea._n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v the_o water_n subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o then_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o external_a air_n as_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v re-inverted_n again_o rise_v 7_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o leave_v about_o a_o inch_n ¼_n above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o cause_v the_o water_n when_o freeze_v to_o swell_v and_o which_o be_v generate_v there_o take_v up_o one_o inch_n and_o ¼_n which_o be_v expanded_a through_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o thaw_v so_o far_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v air_n that_o it_o want_v a_o spring_n to_o resist_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o water_n 12._o another_o time_n the_o tip_n of_o a_o seal_a stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n it_o receive_v 10_o inch_n and_o above_o ½_n 13._o in_o the_o same_o bolt-head_n wherein_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o air_n be_v try_v the_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o foot_n above_o its_o former_a station_n and_o then_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o leisurely_o thaw_v it_o subside_v again_o to_o its_o former_a mark_n and_o then_o the_o seal_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n so_o much_o of_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o basin_n be_v force_v into_o the_o tube_n as_o sill_v 11_o inch_n of_o it_o near_o â…›_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o operation_n 14._o another_o time_n the_o water_n swell_v 10_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o glass_n we_o break_v off_o the_o neb_n under_o water_n and_o it_o receive_v as_o much_o of_o the_o external_a water_n so_o that_o in_o this_o no_o air_n be_v generate_v 15._o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o aqueous_a liquor_n the_o neb_n of_o one_o that_o contain_v milk_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n it_o be_v manifest_o impel_v by_o the_o outward_a air._n and_o another_o be_v likewise_o open_v under_o water_n which_o contain_v urine_n it_o receive_v about_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n of_o water_n 16._o another_o glass_n which_o contain_v claret-wine_n be_v open_v under_o water_n the_o water_n be_v impel_v near_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o mark_n which_o will_v not_o have_v happen_v have_v the_o bubble_n be_v fill_v with_o true_a and_o permament_n air._n title_n x._o experiment_n about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n and_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v the_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n measure_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n we_o take_v a_o bolt-head_n and_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o water_n that_o it_o rise_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o number_n of_o ounce_n it_o contain_v set_v down_o to_o those_o we_o successful_o add_v one_o ounce_n after_o another_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o of_o they_o wrought_v which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v out_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n and_o freeze_v the_o remain_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o and_o the_o ice_n that_o consist_v of_o 82_o part_n of_o water_n fill_v the_o space_n of_o 91_o and_o ½_n so_o that_o the_o congeal_a water_n possess_v a_o 9th_o part_n of_o space_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o in_o another_o experiment_n 55_o part_n of_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v extend_v to_o 60_o ½_n 6_o of_o those_o remain_v unfreeze_v 2._o another_o way_n we_o take_v to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n be_v by_o mark_v a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o which_o when_o it_o be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v a_o ten_o part_n high_o than_o before_o another_o more_o exact_a cylinder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o we_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v expanded_a to_o about_o a_o nine_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o but_o perhaps_o this_o method_n of_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n may_v suggest_v a_o difficulty_n to_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o hydrostaticks_n since_o archimedes_n have_v make_v it_o appear_v as_o well_o as_o stevinus_n that_o float_a body_n will_v so_o far_o and_o but_o so_o far_o sink_v in_o the_o liquor_n that_o support_v they_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a body_n 4._o for_o capt._n james_n have_v observe_v ice_n to_o float_v a_o great_a deal_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o hill_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 16_o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n though_o but_o 36_o below_o it_o and_o janus_n munkius_n in_o his_o account_n of_o gâ—…enland_n observe_v that_o one_o that_o be_v but_o 4â—_n fathom_n under_o water_n be_v 20_o above_o it_o whereas_o according_a to_o our_o computation_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n the_o part_n under_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v 8_o or_o 9_o time_n as_o deep_a as_o that_o above_o it_o 5._o but_o to_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n i_o have_v these_o thing_n to_o represent_v first_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o float_v in_o fresh_a water_n but_o that_o observe_v by_o navigator_n be_v fresh_a float_n in_o salt_n water_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o near_o the_o pole_n the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n as_o we_o or_o those_o under_o the_o line_n and_o consequent_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o float_a ice_n so_o high_a except_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o region_n recompense_n the_o want_n of_o salt_n 6._o but_o beside_o these_o consideration_n that_o which_o i_o will_v chief_o insist_v upon_o for_o the_o removal_n of_o this_o difficulty_n be_v that_o these_o huge_a pile_n of_o ice_n be_v make_v up_o of_o vast_a lump_n betwixt_o which_o be_v large_a vacuity_n which_o be_v only_o fill_v up_o with_o air_n so_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o their_o weight_n by_o the_o bulk_n they_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o by_o the_o specific_a weight_n incumbent_a on_o that_o part_n immerse_v in_o the_o water_n for_o we_o see_v in_o barge_n that_o sometime_o they_o carry_v load_v which_o consist_v of_o light_a matter_n may_v be_v pile_v a_o great_a height_n above_o the_o water_n without_o depress_v the_o vessel_n so_o much_o as_o heavy_a body_n of_o less_o bulk_n which_o be_v more_o ponderous_a in_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o bartholinus_n take_v notice_n be_v compile_v of_o store_n of_o snow_n freeze_v together_o beside_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o those_o stupendous_a mountain_n which_o lay_v so_o much_o above_o water_n below_o rest_v on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o probable_o they_o may_v have_v sink_v much_o low_o have_v the_o water_n be_v deep_a enough_o for_o they_o for_o mr._n hudson_n in_o his_o voyage_n take_v notice_n in_o a_o bay_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n sevenscore_n fathom_n deep_a 7._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n it_o perhaps_o may_v
and_o bay-salt_n strew_v on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o they_o promote_v the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n so_o much_o that_o they_o bury_v themselves_o in_o it_o but_o the_o part_n thaw_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o incorporate_v with_o and_o freeze_v to_o the_o stool_n that_o we_o can_v not_o separate_v they_o without_o knock_v they_o in_o piece_n at_o another_o time_n salt_n throw_v upon_o ice_n make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o by_o a_o candle-light_n several_a steam_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v from_o they_o like_v from_o some_o hot_a liquor_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o aquafortis_n drop_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o latter_a soon_o penetrate_v but_o the_o former_a with_o more_o noise_n as_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v crack_v 5._o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n septentr_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 14_o say_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n glacies_fw-la primae_fw-la &_o mediae_fw-la byemis_fw-la adâ—ò_fw-la fortis_fw-la &_o tenax_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la spissitudine_fw-la seu_fw-la densitate_fw-la duorum_fw-la digitorum_fw-la sufferat_fw-la hominem_fw-la ambulantem_fw-la trium_fw-la verò_fw-la digitorum_fw-la equestrem_fw-la armatum_fw-la unius_fw-la palmae_fw-la &_o dimidiae_fw-la turmas_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la militares_fw-la trium_fw-la vel_fw-la quatuor_fw-la palmarum_fw-la integram_fw-la legionem_fw-la vel_fw-la myriadem_fw-la populorum_fw-la quemadmodùm_fw-la inferius_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la hyemalibus_fw-la memorandum_n erit_fw-la but_o this_o account_n be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a because_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o shore_n this_o weight_n will_v be_v bear_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o man_n may_v be_v much_o great_a at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o more_o upon_o or_o near_o the_o side_n since_o the_o shore_n have_v there_o a_o great_a strength_n to_o support_v it_o 6._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13_o say_v that_o the_o ice_n in_o russia_n be_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o rock_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o p._n 813_o that_o the_o ice_n which_o float_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v up_o and_o thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n but_o whether_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o accumulation_n of_o fresh_a particle_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ice_n carry_v thither_o from_o some_o fresh_a water_n i_o much_o question_n since_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v seldom_o freeze_v and_o especial_o since_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o say_v that_o the_o float_a ice_n near_o nova_n zembla_n which_o close_v up_o the_o straight_a of_o weigals_n flow_v down_o from_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesre_n and_o several_a other_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n they_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a the_o dutch_a in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 96_o foot_n high_a and_o capt._n james_n have_v meet_v with_o some_o as_o deep_a under_o water_n beside_o what_o float_v above_o and_o some_o much_o high_a and_o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o p._n 837._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 140_o fathom_n high_a as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o piece_n of_o ice_n all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o capt._n james_n who_o measure_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 1000_o pace_n long_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o concrete_a piece_n of_o ice_n mr._n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o greenland_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o by_o another_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v which_o be_v so_o long_o that_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o a_o indifferent_a high_a hill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o the_o french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n relate_v in_o his_o passage_n to_o canada_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n other_o as_o ship_n and_o one_o 80_o league_n long_o in_o some_o place_n plain_a and_o in_o other_o unequal_a with_o high_a mountain_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 384._o say_v neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la sueci_fw-la &_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imò_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_fw-la iisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la glacie_n concretâ_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la constructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeò_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la ampliter_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o all_o that_o not_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o sweedland_n and_o his_o whole_a army_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o eastern_a region_n the_o sea_n have_v be_v freeze_v a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 19_o observe_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 775_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50_o league_n 30_o cubit_n thick_a upon_o which_o as_o much_o snow_n fall_v as_o raise_v it_o 30_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n 9_o to_o what_o instance_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v we_o shall_v add_v that_o of_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n viz._n that_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v 18_o fathom_n below_o water_n and_o ten_o above_o be_v very_o blue_a the_o like_a to_o which_o capt._n james_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o virgil_n speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n say_v caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concreta_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la 10._o in_o the_o spring_n the_o ice_n be_v observe_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n to_o be_v much_o less_o compact_a than_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o same_o and_o also_o by_o mr._n james_n hall_n in_o his_o voyage_n that_o when_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n break_v they_o make_v a_o vast_a noise_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o and_o though_o olaus_n magnus_n attribute_n the_o cleave_v of_o these_o rock_n of_o ice_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o warm_a exhalation_n have_v upon_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o fly_v in_o piece_n upon_o excessive_a cold._n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xv_o title_n 1._o a_o decoction_n of_o sage_n rosemary_n and_o parsley_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o distinct_a vessel_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o former_a be_v very_o rough_a juice_n of_o lemon_n freeze_v represent_v tree_n without_o leave_n 2._o hard_a ice_n beat_v and_o common_a salt_n be_v mix_v together_o afford_v white_a fume_n like_o smoke_n though_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o close_a room_n snow-water_n freeze_v in_o ice_n and_o salt_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o transparent_a and_o with_o minute_n bubble_n 3._o ice_n partly_o powder_v and_o in_o part_n gross_o beat_v be_v mix_v with_o bay-salt_n when_o the_o mixture_n be_v stir_v afford_v a_o sensible_a smoke_n which_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o mixture_n be_v more_o or_o less_o stir_v and_o float_v over_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n rather_o sink_v than_o rise_v just_a as_o the_o fume_n do_v from_o a_o cloth_n dip_v in_o aq._n fortis_fw-la and_o hang_v up_o to_o dry_a 4._o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o be_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n that_o he_o supply_v himself_o with_o fresh_a water_n from_o the_o ice_n by_o dig_v pit_n in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o person_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v piece_n of_o ice_n 50_o fathom_v deep_a which_o be_v not_o above_o a_o ten_o part_n above_o water_n he_o likewise_o observe_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v 22_o degree_n and_o a_o little_a time_n after_o scarce_o any_o thing_n at_o all_o he_o tell_v i_o further_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 77_o degree_n his_o ship_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n till_o the_o seven_o of_o june_n and_o the_o ice_n open_v he_o fail_v through_o it_o part_v of_o it_o pass_v along_o towards_o hudson_n strait_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o mountain_n of_o ice_n much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v near_o they_o by_o a_o storm_n the_o wind_n be_v so_o much_o quash_v that_o they_o immediate_o find_v a_o calm_a title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n snow_n what_o liquor_n soon_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o
and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v only_o urge_v that_o it_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o can_v have_v more_o easy_o agree_v with_o they_o since_o in_o the_o strait_n of_o weigat_n the_o sea_n be_v freeze_v but_o not_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n for_o the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v but_o only_o near_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v much_o cold_o than_o in_o the_o ocean_n frigidum_fw-la water_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 5._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n that_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o in_o all_o water_n that_o be_v freeze_v by_o cold_a we_o always_o see_v they_o begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a which_o argue_v the_o air_n cold_o than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o congeal_v it_o whereas_o if_o water_n be_v the_o cold_a body_n it_o ought_v always_o natural_o to_o be_v freeze_v or_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v rather_o in_o the_o middle_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o rather_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n than_o in_o gulf_n strait_n and_o small_a river_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o vast_a heap_n of_o ice_n that_o float_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v depend_v not_o on_o the_o penetration_n of_o cold_a to_o that_o depth_n they_o sometime_o sink_v to_o but_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o small_a river_n and_o cement_v together_o depress_v each_o other_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n upon_o which_o the_o fall_a snow_n gradual_o increase_v their_o bulk_n 6._o but_o though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o take_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v it_o indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o except_v where_o some_o adventitious_a cause_n concur_v the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a by_o it_o we_o must_v adjudge_v it_o cold._a and_o though_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a yet_o all_o divers_a unanimous_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o at_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o few_o fathom_n beside_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o warm_a region_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a at_o land_n than_o sea_n and_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o cool_a but_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v there_o they_o do_v find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n though_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v often_o freeze_v frigidum_fw-la air_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 7._o by_o the_o stoic_n and_o many_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o air_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o hot_a and_o likewise_o that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o
in_o both_o successive_o and_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v cast_v into_o water_n scarce_o make_v it_o sensible_o cold_a nor_o do_v the_o glass_n wherein_o this_o salt_n be_v keep_v disclose_v any_o remarkable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o even_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n itself_o when_o the_o ebullition_n be_v over_o appear_v not_o cold_a than_o common_a water_n in_o a_o night_n time_n so_o that_o the_o coldness_n depend_v pure_o upon_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ferment_a liquor_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o spirit_n that_o be_v draw_v off_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o salt_n and_o which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o sense_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o instead_o of_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n it_o produce_v a_o lukewarm_a heat_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v further_o subjoin_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n above_o mention_v will_v produce_v a_o cold_a ferment_n with_o the_o dry_a salt_n yet_o with_o the_o spirit_n it_o grow_v warm_a though_o some_o of_o the_o same_o frigorifick_a spirit_n keep_v warm_a by_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n rise_v yet_o upon_o the_o inject_n of_o some_o of_o the_o dry_a salt_n it_o will_v be_v manifest_o depress_v nay_o though_o the_o spirit_n and_o salt_n be_v both_o warm_a yet_o upon_o their_o mixture_n they_o will_v produce_v a_o manifest_a coldness_n and_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v upon_o their_o ebullition_n a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o when_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o ferment_n the_o spirit_n be_v depress_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n though_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v heat_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o weatherglass_n successive_o immerse_v in_o either_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o mechanical_a origin_n or_o production_n of_o heat_n heat_n of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o heat_n heat_v be_v a_o quality_n who_o nature_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o mechanical_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n say_v to_o be_v hot_a it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o note_v that_o the_o three_o follow_a condition_n be_v necessary_a in_o modify_v that_o motion_n first_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o rapid_a than_o in_o body_n bare_o fluid_a so_o water_n become_v hot_a by_o a_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n which_o argue_v their_o vehement_a motion_n by_o dissolve_v butter_n and_o rise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o effect_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a as_o the_o degree_n of_o motion_n be_v great_a or_o less_o another_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o hot_a water_n be_v in_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n than_o those_o of_o cold_a be_v in_o water_n cast_v upon_o a_o hot_a iron_n for_o they_o present_o acquire_v such_o a_o additional_a motion_n from_o that_o hot_a body_n that_o it_o hiss_v and_o boil_v yield_v steam_n copious_o but_o a_o strong_a instance_n of_o the_o vehement_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o hot_a body_n be_v in_o actual_a flame_n since_o they_o move_v so_o impetuous_o as_o to_o dissolve_v and_o shatter_v whatever_o lie_v in_o their_o way_n a_o second_o condition_n requisite_a to_o render_v a_o body_n hot_a be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v various_o determine_v which_o variety_n of_o determination_n be_v apparent_a in_o fire_n which_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o the_o same_o body_n whatsoever_o be_v their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o fire_n so_o a_o red_a coal_n melt_v wax_n whether_o hold_v above_o below_z or_o on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o that_o a_o various_o determine_v motion_n be_v requisite_a appear_v if_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o rapid_a motion_n of_o water_n in_o a_o river_n which_o be_v only_o one_o way_n contribute_v not_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o its_o heat_n a_o three_o requisite_a be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o such_o a_o motion_n shall_v be_v very_a minute_n so_o as_o to_o be_v insensible_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o though_o sand_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n it_o acquire_v not_o a_o heat_n by_o it_o this_o account_n of_o heat_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o a_o body_n may_v become_v hot_a as_o many_o way_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v its_o part_n put_v into_o such_o a_o motion_n to_o illustrate_v which_o observation_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v some_o instance_n of_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n several_a way_n as_o first_o by_o a_o effusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n aq._n fortis_fw-la upon_o silver_n but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o common_a instance_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o some_o not_o so_o frequent_o know_v have_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o heat_n which_o succeed_v a_o effusion_n of_o cold_a water_n upon_o quicklime_n which_o phaenomenon_n though_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o lime_n in_o cold_a water_n yet_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o another_o cause_n appear_v since_o the_o like_a succeed_v if_o hot_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a and_o further_o because_o though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v on_o it_o cold_a no_o such_o effect_n follow_v experiment_n i._n though_o helmont_n ascribe_v the_o incalescence_n of_o quicklime_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n to_o a_o conflict_n of_o a_o alkalizate_n and_o a_o acid_a salt_n set_v at_o liberty_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o since_o no_o such_o acid_n appear_v to_o be_v latent_fw-la in_o quicklime_n the_o account_n be_v unsatisfactory_a for_o i_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v a_o acid_n latent_fw-la in_o other_o alkaly_n in_o as_o much_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o water_n either_o in_o the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n or_o in_o a_o vial_n afford_v a_o sensible_a heat_n experiment_n two_o iii_o iu_o other_o think_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n proceed_v from_o some_o fiery_a empyrumatical_a atom_n lodge_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o stone_n when_o calcine_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la but_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n since_o no_o such_o heat_n succeed_v a_o affusion_n of_o water_n upon_o minium_n or_o crocus_n martis_n per_fw-la se_fw-la though_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n argue_v that_o they_o be_v stuff_v with_o fiery_a and_o metalline_a particle_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o know_v two_o liquor_n which_o be_v several_a time_n separate_v and_o reconjoin_v without_o addition_n do_v at_o each_o congress_n acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n so_o salt_n of_o tartar_n several_a time_n free_v from_o water_n water_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n will_v produce_v heat_n when_o mix_v again_o with_o that_o water_n which_o show_v that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o impress_v upon_o all_o calcine_v body_n that_o will_v heat_n with_o water_n what_o pass_v for_o a_o empyreum_fw-la and_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o igneous_a part_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n press_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o motion_n so_o as_o to_o produce_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o ferment_n depend_v upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o salt_n i_o be_o persuade_v and_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o since_o sal-armon_a dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o boil_v to_o a_o dry_a salt_n be_v not_o so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o fiery_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o heat_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o water_n again_o but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o one_o will_v expect_v a_o great_a cognation_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n adhere_v to_o quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n whole_o inflammable_a yet_o the_o latter_a pour_v upon_o the_o former_a do_v not_o produce_v any_o sensible_a incalescence_n or_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o when_o this_o spirit_n be_v soak_v into_o it_o i_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o without_o perceive_v the_o least_o heat_n or_o the_o lime_n break_v till_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v suck_v into_o the_o most_o capacious_a pore_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o associate_a with_o the_o water_n render_v it_o more_o unfit_a to_o
symmetry_n and_o complexion_n with_o agreeable_a and_o delightful_a colour_n there_o be_v other_o state_n of_o matter_n also_o as_o rest_n and_o motion_n size_n and_o shape_n usual_o call_v quality_n which_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v primary_n modes_n of_o matter_n but_o this_o concern_v name_n rather_o than_o thing_n i_o shall_v wave_v the_o usual_a division_n of_o quality_n treat_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a division_n viz._n first_o i_o shall_v consider_v they_o under_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n manifest_a and_o occult_a quality_n the_o former_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v divide_v gredient_n of_o a_o body_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n hermetical_o seal_v be_v freeze_v instead_o of_o retain_v fluidity_n and_o transparency_n become_v brittle_a firm_a and_o sometime_o opacous_a which_o quality_n upon_o a_o thaw_v it_o again_o lose_v also_o fix_v metal_n bare_o by_o be_v hammer_v become_v brittle_a which_o quality_n it_o present_o lose_v when_o heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o silver_n by_o be_v hammer_v put_v on_o quality_n which_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v when_o cold_a as_o a_o power_n to_o melt_v some_o body_n and_o to_o dry_v other_o with_o several_z other_o which_o it_o only_o acquire_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o invisible_a agitation_n of_o its_o part_n put_v into_o motion_n by_o hammer_v i_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_a but_o have_v mention_v they_o in_o other_o succeed_a chapter_n i_o shall_v omit_v they_o here_o and_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o consideration_n which_o have_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n which_o be_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o mix_v body_n as_o the_o bare_a result_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a texture_n but_o as_o place_v among_o other_o body_n on_o which_o they_o may_v various_o act_v and_o be_v act_v on_o but_o four_o to_o remove_v this_o objection_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o peripatetic_a as_o well_o as_o chemical_a principle_n be_v incapable_a of_o account_v for_o the_o various_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n have_v a_o great_a advantage_n in_o for_o neither_o the_o different_a colour_n of_o the_o planet_n nor_o the_o generation_n and_o perish_v of_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n nor_o chemist_n beside_o several_a phaenomena_n relate_v to_o magnetism_n music_n dioptricks_n catoptric_n and_o static_o and_o indeed_o i_o shall_v think_v it_o not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o the_o various_a texture_n action_n the_o difference_n in_o agent_n and_o patient_n diversify_v the_o action_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n of_o body_n will_v not_o more_o sufficient_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o cosideration_n of_o quiescent_a ingredient_n for_o as_o all_o natural_a body_n act_n on_o one_o another_o by_o motion_n so_o that_o motion_n be_v various_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o different_a texture_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o objection_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n which_o be_v answer_v a_o second_o objection_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o quality_n shall_v arise_v from_o so_o few_o principle_n as_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a those_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o local_a motion_n and_o that_o those_o principle_n be_v various_o combine_v and_o join_v together_o shall_v afford_v phaenomena_n as_o various_a as_o any_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o first_o if_o we_o allow_v what_o be_v undeniable_a viz._n that_o the_o tendency_n of_o matter_n as_o to_o motion_n be_v different_a in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o 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away_o 6._o we_o think_v it_o more_o considerable_a because_o the_o venus_n of_o the_o copper_n be_v so_o unlock_v that_o the_o foremention_v transparent_a substance_n will_v melt_v like_o rosin_n and_o burn_v with_o a_o last_a flame_n if_o lay_v on_o a_o red-burning_a coal_n or_o hold_v to_o a_o candle_n much_o like_o the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n only_o more_o green_n to_o these_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o sublimate_n and_o copper_n i_o shall_v join_v some_o observe_v in_o the_o like_a experiment_n with_o sublimate_n and_o silver_n we_o put_v ten_o thin_a silver_n plate_n into_o a_o well-coated_n retort_n with_o double_a the_o weight_n of_o sublimate_n upon_o it_o which_o when_o sublimed_a the_o sublimate_n ascend_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n in_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v several_a portion_n of_o revive_v mercury_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o retort_n be_v a_o lump_n of_o matter_n which_o can_v scarce_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o glass_n but_o be_v brittle_a 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second_o experiment_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o ounce_n of_o refiued_a silver_n laminate_v and_o cast_v upon_o double_a its_o quantity_n of_o sublimate_n which_o by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v partly_o melt_v we_o find_v in_o the_o retort_n a_o lump_n of_o matter_n which_o in_o some_o place_n next_o the_o glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a plate_n of_o silver_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o metal_n except_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v dissolve_v into_o a_o substance_n neither_o like_a silver_n nor_o any_o other_o metal_n or_o mineral_n in_o which_o process_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o so_o fix_a a_o metal_n shall_v by_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o four_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v so_o alter_v in_o its_o quality_n as_o also_o that_o a_o mass_n of_o a_o amber_n or_o deep_a amethystine_a colour_n some_o of_o who_o part_n on_o he_o upper_a superficies_n be_v of_o a_o light_n yellow_a which_o on_o the_o low_a end_v abrupt_o in_o a_o colour_n not_o far_o from_o a_o black_a one_o shall_v be_v the_o result_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o two_o white_a body_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o a_o body_n transparent_a like_o amber_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o so_o opacous_a a_o body_n as_o silver_n mix_v with_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o that_o silver_n instead_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o metal_n shall_v become_v a_o friable_a body_n and_o when_o cut_v with_o a_o sharp_a instrument_n like_o horn_n as_o also_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o body_n apt_a to_o take_v flame_n at_o a_o candle_n which_o before_o be_v difficult_a to_o melt_v these_o experiment_n be_v try_v to_o show_v how_o much_o these_o quality_n depend_v on_o the_o particular_a texture_n of_o body_n i_o take_v two_o distinct_a urinal_n and_o put_v gold_n fine_o laminate_v in_o one_o and_o refine_v gold_n in_o the_o other_o with_o a_o treble_a weight_n of_o sublimate_n to_o each_o which_o though_o raise_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n alter_v neither_o of_o they_o but_o in_o these_o experiment_n be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sand-furnace_n i_o can_v not_o employ_v a_o fire_n so_o strong_a as_o i_o can_v have_v wish_v for_o which_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v the_o phaenomena_n which_o our_o experiment_n may_v have_v otherwise_o afford_v but_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o experiment_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n viz._n that_o a_o further_a improvement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o experiment_n by_o make_v use_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o sublimate_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v obtain_v by_o raise_v several_a other_o body_n up_o with_o sublimate_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o instance_n for_o have_v sublimed_a a_o mixture_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o common_a sublimate_n in_o urinal_n place_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n i_o obtain_v a_o sublimate_n different_a from_o the_o former_a for_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v be_v drop_v into_o the_o common_a sort_n dissolve_v in_o water_n turn_v it_o into_o a_o orange-tawny_a colour_n but_o change_v a_o solution_n of_o the_o other_o into_o a_o liquor_n white_a like_o milk_n to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o new_a sublimate_n we_o sublimed_a it_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o retort_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v a_o cupreous_a rosin_n which_o will_v as_o the_o other_o abovementioned_a turn_v to_o verdigreese_v but_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n that_o the_o sublimate_n be_v tinge_v with_o a_o blewish-green_a by_o particle_n of_o the_o copper_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o also_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n be_v find_v near_o a_o ounce_n of_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o copper_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o open_v the_o texture_n of_o copper_n more_o powerful_o than_o the_o other_o preparation_n of_o sublimate_n texture_n the_o same_o method_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o body_n provide_v the_o result_n be_v of_o the_o like_a texture_n experiment_n iii_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o produce_v the_o same_o quality_n in_o body_n provide_v the_o change_n of_o texture_n be_v the_o same_o i_o shall_v instance_n a_o particular_a experiment_n make_v with_o what_o the_o alkymist_n call_v cornea_n call_v the_o preparation_n of_o luna_n cornea_n luna_n cornea_n have_v dissolve_v refine_v silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o filtrate_v the_o solution_n we_o drop_v spirit_n of_o salt_n into_o it_o till_o the_o liquor_n will_v no_o long_o curdle_n which_o be_v filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n we_o dry_v the_o remain_v substance_n wash_v and_o clear_v from_o its_o salt_n whilst_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o filtre_n by_o run_v fair_a water_n through_o it_o when_o dry_v it_o be_v melt_v into_o a_o
in_o the_o latter_a the_o different_a substance_n concern_v in_o every_o new_a production_n be_v bring_v together_o by_o a_o artist_n for_o in_o both_o the_o agent_n act_v as_o a_o natural_a agent_n chap._n x._o a_o experiment_n with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o differ_a part_n and_o redintegration_n of_o salt-petre_n salt-petre_a be_v a_o concrete_a so_o universal_o concern_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o most_o body_n that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a import_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n to_o inquire_v thorough_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v by_o consider_v how_o many_o substance_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o it_o or_o turn_v into_o it_o which_o will_v be_v brief_o intimate_v in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n salt-petre_n a_o attempt_n to_o redintegrate_a the_o form_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a method_n crystalize_v nitre_n we_o melt_v four_o ounce_n of_o it_o in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n throw_v in_o live-coal_n successive_o till_o it_o will_v kindle_v and_o fulminate_v no_o long_o and_o continue_v it_o in_o a_o strong_a fire_n a_o considerable_a time_n to_o dissipate_v the_o remain_a volatile_a part_n and_o then_o break_v the_o crucible_n we_o divide_v the_o fix_a nitre_n immediate_o into_o two_o portion_n one_o of_o which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a we_o drop_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n till_o the_o ebullition_n raise_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o liquor_n whole_o cease_v and_o then_o filtrate_v the_o mix_v liquor_n we_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-viol_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n undissolve_v we_o likewise_o drop_v the_o same_o spirit_n till_o the_o firmentation_n cease_v expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-jar_a in_o the_o former_a mixture_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v put_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n certain_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n stick_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n among_o which_o be_v several_a other_o crystal_n like_o mustardseed_n encompass_v with_o a_o downy_a substance_n the_o crystal_n the_o next_o day_n be_v considerable_o great_a be_v take_v out_o and_o both_o by_o their_o burn_a and_o shape_n appear_v to_o be_v nitrous_a nitrous_a salt_n be_v furnish_v with_o flat_a side_n which_o when_o opposite_a be_v usualy_a parallel_n and_o as_o for_o that_o downy_a matter_n which_o adhere_v to_o some_o of_o they_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o fix_a part_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v to_o be_v join_v together_o anew_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v we_o pour_v the_o remain_a liquor_n into_o a_o open_a glass-vessel_n which_o in_o about_o three_o weaks-time_n be_v again_o saturate_v with_o petre_n we_o pour_v it_o from_o the_o salt_n and_o evaporate_v it_o in_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o other_o mixture_n which_o be_v only_o fix_v nitre_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n for_o the_o most_o part_n present_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o salt_n which_o when_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o very_o irregular_a figure_n and_o in_o some_o part_n not_o much_o different_a in_o shape_n from_o salt-petre_n which_o it_o also_o much_o resemble_v in_o burn_v though_o the_o deflagration_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o but_o this_o salt_n together_o with_o the_o liquor_n swim_v upon_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o air_n for_o about_o a_o month_n long_o after_o evaportion_n the_o one_o half_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o burn_v much_o like_o petre_n and_o have_v a_o similar_v figure_n though_o a_o different_a taste_n and_o the_o other_o half_a be_v speedy_o exhale_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o distinct_a figure_n from_o all_o other_o experiment_n caution_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n now_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n clear_a the_o follow_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o fix_v the_o nitre_n new-coal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o crucible_n till_o the_o former_a be_v almost_o spend_v or_o be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o violent_a exhalation_n of_o nitrous_a and_o volatile_a part_n 2._o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n drop_n '_o upon_o the_o fix_a nitre_n be_v almost_o proportionable_a to_o the_o salt-petre_n spend_v in_o the_o fix_v of_o it_o 3._o that_o this_o fix_a nitre_n be_v very_o little_a different_a in_o taste_n from_o salt_n of_o tartar_n have_v the_o same_o aptness_n to_o absorb_n air_n and_o to_o relaxate_v in_o moist_a air_n yet_o it_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v betwixt_o a_o blue_n and_o a_o green_a one_o which_o it_o lose_v upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n salt-petre_n another_o method_n of_o reunite_a the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o this_o method_n be_v tedious_a i_o shall_v propose_v a_o way_n more_o expedition_n which_o be_v this_o have_v run_v fix_v nitre_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o by_o filtration_n separate_v it_o from_o its_o face_n we_o drop_v upon_o the_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n which_o after_o a_o ferment_n usual_a to_o a_o mixture_n of_o those_o liquor_n present_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n in_o shape_n as_o well_o as_o nature_n manifest_o nitrous_a method_n a_o three_o method_n another_o way_n we_o take_v be_v this_o have_v impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n in_o water_n with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o filtrate_v it_o through_o cap-paper_n the_o cool_a liquor_n in_o a_o short_a time_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o petre_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v again_o evaporate_v afford_v a_o fresh_a quantity_n of_o crystal_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a but_o lest_o the_o sal-petre_n re-produced_a by_o the_o coalition_n of_o these_o two_o body_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o lodge_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n and_o only_o to_o be_v unyoke_v by_o their_o solution_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o annex_v that_o the_o great_a quantity_n that_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o that_o mixture_n afford_v and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n less_o suspicious_a we_o impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o fix_a nitre_n tartar_n salt-petre_n obtain_v from_o pot-ash_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o filtration_n and_o evaparation_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n which_o 0103_o 0207_o five_o 3_o be_v very_o like_o salt-petre_n in_o taste_n as_o well_o as_o their_o deflagration_n upon_o live-coal_n we_o likewise_o obtain_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o salt-petre_n from_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n associate_v but_o to_o draw_v inference_n from_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o body_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mechanical_a motion_n together_o with_o the_o figure_n and_o disposition_n or_o modification_n of_o their_o part_n and_o first_o though_o salt-petre_n be_v a_o body_n inward_o and_o in_o itself_o cool_a yet_o the_o part_n of_o it_o different_o modify_v in_o our_o experiment_n be_v put_v together_o do_v immediate_o put_v each_o other_o into_o so_o violent_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o can_v with_o much_o ado_n hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n so_o that_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o quick_a motion_n of_o the_o fine_a particle_n of_o body_n since_o it_o no_o long_o continue_v in_o that_o mixture_n than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o agitation_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o viz._n the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o fix_a there_o be_v likewise_o produce_v a_o audible_a sound_n proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o swift_o and_o impetuous_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n a_o sound_v like_a to_o which_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o hot_a coal_n cast_v into_o water_n or_o into_o melt_a nitre_n in_o a_o crucible_n though_o the_o latter_a cause_n a_o sound_n much_o loud_o which_o sound_v probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o bullet_n or_o a_o stick_n where_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o percussion_n put_v the_o air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n will_v cause_v a_o sound_n as_o soon_o as_o that_o undulate_a motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o that_o sound_v no_o long_o continue_v than_o the_o part_n be_v violent_o agitate_a and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sound_n produce_v by_o the_o mutual_a conflict_n cease_v long_o before_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v acquire_v by_o that_o ebullition_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o intestine_a motion_n of_o part_n which_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v incapable_a of_o cause_v
we_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o manifest_o alter_v by_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o the_o mercury_n seem_v sometime_o to_o be_v a_o little_a more_o protuberant_a especial_o when_o the_o exhaust_v air_n be_v let_v in_o with_o any_o celerity_n but_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v observable_a be_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o the_o mercury_n and_o how_o much_o those_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o mention_a phaenomenon_n we_o leave_v other_o to_o try_v again_o have_v convey_v another_o cylinder_n into_o our_o receiver_n which_o contain_v a_o oil_n who_o superficies_n when_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o be_v convex_a we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o the_o oil_n lose_v its_o protuberant_a nor_o the_o water_n it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v appear_v what_o effect_n the_o pure_a aether_n will_v have_v upon_o such_o body_n be_v they_o remove_v out_o of_o this_o atmosphere_n experiment_n x._o though_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o scatter_a fluid_n and_o of_o condense_a vapour_n be_v usual_o globulous_a yet_o those_o observation_n be_v too_o transient_a to_o deduce_v from_o they_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o i_o may_v observe_v something_o more_o remarkable_a have_v mix_v fix_v nitre_n dissolve_v into_o a_o liquor_n by_o run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o exact_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o find_v that_o those_o two_o liquor_n though_o shake_v together_o will_v retain_v distinct_a surface_n i_o drop_v oil_n into_o the_o spirit_n which_o gradual_o subside_v till_o it_o touch_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v wine_n phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i._o that_o if_o the_o drop_n be_v small_a they_o retain_v a_o exact_a spherical_a figure_n be_v neither_o depress_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n nor_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n the_o oil_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ii_o if_o a_o aggregate_v of_o drop_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n will_v depress_v the_o low_a so_o much_o as_o to_o form_v a_o plain_a on_o that_o side_n contiguous_a to_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o horizontal_a exceed_v the_o transverse_a diameter_n in_o length_n iii_o and_o if_o the_o quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v great_a it_o will_v so_o depress_v the_o low_a part_n as_o to_o form_v a_o imperfect_a hemisphere_n the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o have_v its_o plain_a and_o horizontal_a superficies_n parallel_n to_o that_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n iu._n but_o if_o the_o oil_n pour_v in_o be_v moderate_a as_o to_o quantity_n though_o at_o the_o first_o it_o will_v spread_v over_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitre_n yet_o by_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v compress_v and_o be_v so_o raise_v as_o to_o form_v either_o a_o hemisphere_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o a_o segment_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o even_o of_o a_o imperfect_a ellipsis_n to_o the_o production_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v v._o though_o these_o globule_n of_o oil_n will_v sometime_o ready_o mix_v and_o associate_v when_o bring_v together_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o will_v make_v a_o impression_n into_o one_o another_o without_o unite_n and_o again_o recover_v their_o former_a figure_n when_o permit_v to_o separate_v vi_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v how_o if_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o spirit_n the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v acquire_v various_a figure_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o ambient_fw-la spirit_n and_o if_o the_o agitation_n be_v strong_a several_a part_n be_v break_v off_o will_v form_v as_o many_o aggregate_n of_o a_o globular_a figure_n experiment_n xi_o turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v put_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o oil_n one_o of_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o turpentine_n into_o other_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o light_a oil_n will_v separate_v from_o the_o heavy_a with_o which_o it_o be_v incorporate_v i_o find_v that_o though_o it_o answer_v not_o my_o expectation_n yet_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o either_o of_o the_o oil_n be_v prevalent_a the_o mixture_n will_v either_o sink_v or_o swim_v in_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o to_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o when_o part_n of_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v put_v into_o and_o part_n adhere_v to_o the_o glass_n the_o superficies_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v of_o figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a to_o be_v describe_v experiment_n xii_o exhibit_v several_a colour_n exhibit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v very_o clear_a it_o will_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v where_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v contiguous_a they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o mass_n except_o some_o dust_n swim_v upon_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n or_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a fall_n oblique_o upon_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o have_v pour_v a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o oil_n upon_o a_o deliquation_n of_o nitre_n and_o tartar_n tinge_v with_o cochinele_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o hold_v the_o mixture_n in_o a_o certain_a position_n the_o plain_a superficies_n not_o only_o various_o refract_v the_o incident_a beam_n of_o light_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v several_a vivid_v reflection_n but_o the_o plain_a superficies_n appear_v almost_o as_o convex_a as_o that_o of_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o almost_o as_o strong_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n as_o a_o close_a specular_a body_n usual_o do_v which_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o alkali_fw-la altogether_o but_o may_v partly_o from_o the_o concurrent_a action_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o i_o observe_v to_o contribute_v to_o refraction_n when_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o endeavour_v to_o determine_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forementioned_a phaenomena_n but_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v observe_v first_o that_o neither_o the_o confine_a plain_n which_o separate_v these_o two_o liquor_n nor_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o nitrous_a liquor_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o red_a colour_n which_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n acquire_v second_o the_o liquor_n be_v chafe_v the_o uppermost_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o froth_n consist_v of_o body_n imperfect_o globular_a which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n will_v form_v a_o rude_a physical_a plain_n the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o which_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n very_o brisk_o and_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o froth_n become_v a_o little_o fine_a they_o will_v reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o candle_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n polish_a or_o a_o copper_n plate_n fresh_o immerse_v in_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o which_o phaenomena_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n that_o the_o confine_a surface_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a oil_n upon_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o a_o little_a strong_o reflective_a most_o of_o these_o phaenomena_n before_o mention_v be_v afford_v by_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o lemon_n instead_o of_o the_o former_a except_o that_o the_o reflection_n be_v not_o so_o brisk_a experiment_n fourteen_o aniseed_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n have_v pour_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n dissolve_v by_o a_o moderate_a warmth_n upon_o warm_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o viol_n i_o find_v that_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a though_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v very_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o when_o it_o have_v be_v remove_v for_o some_o time_n into_o a_o cold_a place_n so_o that_o the_o oil_n may_v be_v coagulate_v the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v something_o less_o protuberant_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o resemble_v a_o concavo-convex-glass_n make_v use_v of_o for_o dioptrical_a purpose_n experiment_n xv._o it_o be_v not_o only_o observable_a in_o the_o former_a liquor_n that_o the_o oil_n cause_v a_o much_o more_o vivid_v reflection_n in_o a_o fluid_fw-la than_o consistent_a form_n but_o it_o
mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o salt_n water_n sea_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea_n water_n i_o deny_v not_o what_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o modern_n teach_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o saltness_n proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o that_o saltness_n be_v not_o only_o supply_v by_o those_o salt_n rock_n which_o may_v be_v contiguous_a to_o or_o near_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v by_o salt_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v into_o it_o by_o spring_n and_o rain-water_n which_o float_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n because_o several_a chemist_n have_v not_o only_o find_v salt_n in_o some_o water_n but_o have_v obtain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n upon_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a
thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o hydrostatician_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o two_o to_o one_o and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o sal_fw-la gemm_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o weighty_a than_o sea-salt_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n about_o as_o 2_o 2_o 8_o to_o 1._o chap._n viii_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n the_o use_n of_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o the_o method_n which_o some_o physician_n take_v to_o try_v they_o so_o slight_a that_o though_o i_o be_o satisfy_v it_o be_v difficult_a without_o experience_n to_o ascribe_v virtue_n to_o they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o mineral_n which_o may_v impregnate_n they_o with_o particle_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a nature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v but_o that_o if_o we_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o quaeres_fw-la and_o several_a method_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o they_o more_o nice_a trial_n may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n up_o of_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n since_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o metalline_a salt_n with_o which_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v may_v be_v discover_v wherefore_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o such_o sort_n of_o experiment_n that_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o try_v viz._n chief_o chemical_a one_o which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o home_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o attend_v those_o mineral_n fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v and_o because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o improve_v physic_n by_o the_o follow_a observation_n than_o to_o entertain_v speculative_a naturalist_n i_o have_v chief_o make_v it_o my_o business_n in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o consider_v those_o water_n call_v acidulae_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o term_v thermae_n because_o the_o former_a be_v of_o more_o general_a use_n water_n the_o danger_n of_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o mineral_n water_n but_o perhaps_o some_o may_v think_v that_o the_o quares_n hereafter_o propound_v may_v be_v too_o troublesome_a and_o more_o than_o requisite_a since_o the_o use_v of_o mineneral_a water_n be_v think_v so_o innocent_a as_o to_o be_v of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n if_o unsuccesful_a to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o when_o skilful_o give_v they_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a yet_o they_o be_v as_o prejudicial_a if_o unskilful_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o since_o there_o can_v be_v too_o much_o caution_n we_o can_v be_v too_o inquisitive_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o of_o their_o virtue_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a many_o hide_a quality_n in_o they_o and_o they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o several_a metalline_a property_n which_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o common_a trial_n beside_o be_v such_o experiment_n industrious_o prosecute_v they_o may_v help_v to_o discover_v several_a other_o quality_n in_o mineral_n water_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a for_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o earth_n which_o abound_v with_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o impregnate_n subterraneal_a water_n than_o we_o can_v otherwise_o imagine_v for_o upon_o pour_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n gall_n the_o effect_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n become_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n to_o which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o steel_n in_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n make_v in_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o several_a water_n have_v be_v discover_v under_o ground_n of_o very_o different_a taste_n some_o of_o which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v corrosive_a and_o other_o as_o harmless_a be_v endow_v with_o several_a medicinal_a and_o useful_a quality_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v more_o particular_o of_o one_o which_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o coral_n in_o devonshire_n about_o 360_o foot_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v find_v a_o water_n very_o thick_a and_o red_a yet_o cool_a and_o diuretic_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o nauseous_a to_o the_o taste_n chap._n ix_o title_n propose_v for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n consider_v whilst_o in_o their_o proper_a channel_n water_n query_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o order_n to_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_n in_o three_o different_a capacity_n first_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o natural_a receptacle_n second_o when_o draw_v up_o for_o use_n and_o three_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o effect_n on_o human_a body_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o head_n the_o follow_a quaeres_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v 1._o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o what_o climate_n or_o parallel_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v to_o be_v find_v 2._o to_o what_o point_n these_o water_n lie_v open_v most_o in_o their_o receptacle_n 3._o whether_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v be_v a_o plain_a or_o how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o plain_a 4._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v upon_o a_o ascent_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o the_o botttom_n of_o that_o ascent_n 5._o whether_o a_o recrementitious_a substance_n adhere_v to_o stone_n long_o contiguous_a to_o these_o water_n 6._o whether_o subterraneal_a fire_n be_v near_o such_o water_n and_o what_o phaenomena_n such_o exhibit_v 7._o whether_o brimstone_n or_o salarmoniack_a etc._n etc._n be_v find_v about_o the_o vent_v of_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n 8._o whether_o instead_o of_o subterraneal_a fire_n there_o be_v other_o adjacent_a aestuary_n and_o whether_o such_o be_v constant_a or_o intermit_a and_o if_o so_o whether_o periodical_a or_o irregular_a 9_o whether_o mineral_n fume_n of_o particular_a colour_n or_o smell_v arise_v from_o such_o aestuary_n 10._o of_o what_o temper_n the_o neighbour_a as_o well_o as_o the_o soil_n they_o pass_v through_o be_v of_o 11._o whether_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n those_o mineral_n be_v of_o which_o they_o pass_v through_o 12._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v original_o fresh_a and_o derive_v their_o virtue_n from_o the_o soil_n they_o afterward_o pass_v through_o 13._o whether_o if_o it_o acquire_v its_o virtue_n so_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o impregnation_n any_o effervescence_n or_o whether_o any_o such_o effect_v succeed_v its_o mixture_n with_o another_o liquor_n 14._o whether_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n near_o it_o viz._n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n 15._o whether_o a_o oily_a or_o bituminous_a inflammable_a substance_n float_v in_o it_o 16._o whether_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n alter_v they_o and_o what_o quality_n they_o lose_v or_o acquire_v by_o such_o for_o after_o rain_n i_o have_v observe_v such_o water_n incapable_a of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o as_o to_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n i_o have_v find_v that_o rain_n after_o long_a drought_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o strength_n by_o dissolve_v and_o dilute_v those_o salt_n which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o a_o vehicle_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o the_o rain_n much_o those_o salt_n be_v the_o more_o dilute_v render_v the_o water_n less_o effectual_a 17._o whether_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v chemical_o and_o mechanical_o discover_v as_o also_o of_o what_o colour_n and_o weight_n and_o with_o what_o menstruum_v their_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v and_o likewise_o what_o substance_n they_o will_v yield_v when_o expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o what_o other_o chemical_a trial_n those_o as_o well_o as_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v undergo_v chap._n x._o contain_v title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n when_o draw_v out_o of_o their_o receptacle_n qeaery_n a_o continuation_n of_o qeaery_n 1._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n propose_v be_v actual_o hot_a or_o cold_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v from_o what_o depth_n those_o water_n rose_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o salt-peter_n or_o salarmoniack_a in_o their_o ascent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a may_v be_v either_o try_v by_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n or_o by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n or_o melt_v butter_n 2._o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v
receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o
fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n subside_v till_o it_o fall_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o expanded_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o water_n a_o foot_n high_a but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o that_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n it_o sensible_o subside_v upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n and_o much_o low_a upon_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o not_o much_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o water_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o with_o more_o speed_n than_o the_o former_a experiment_n xx._n water_n conceen_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n have_v beside_o a_o notable_a one_o a_o languid_a elater_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n term_v by_o the_o chemist_n a_o phylosophical_a egg_n about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n with_o water_n where_o fix_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n we_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o after_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o water_n sensible_o rise_v upon_o every_o exsuction_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n present_o subside_v to_o its_o former_a place_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n i_o obtain_v by_o fill_v a_o round_a pewter_n vessel_n with_o water_n at_o a_o small_a hole_n which_o be_v stop_v with_o soder_n and_o the_o vessel_n bruise_v in_o several_a place_n to_o compress_v the_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v perforate_v with_o a_o needle_n it_o spin_v out_o with_o force_n enough_o to_o raise_v it_o a_o considerable_a height_n
small_a part_n and_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n by_o heat_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v turn_v into_o air_n that_o in_o chemical_a distillation_n it_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o liquor_n and_o likewise_o volatile_a spirit_n and_o salt_n though_o their_o part_n swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o the_o former_a present_o condense_a into_o a_o liquor_n and_o the_o latter_a into_o salt_n and_o further_o it_o may_v again_o be_v urge_v that_o though_o the_o part_n of_o water_n may_v be_v put_v in_o such_o a_o agitation_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o counterfeit_v the_o form_n of_o air_n yet_o since_o the_o quick_a coalition_n of_o those_o part_n into_o a_o fluid_a form_n argue_v the_o impossibility_n of_o give_v they_o a_o due_a texture_n requisite_a to_o add_v to_o air_n the_o springiness_n observable_a in_o it_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o the_o possibility_n of_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n and_o that_o a_o bare_a motion_n and_o agitation_n of_o part_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o add_v springiness_n to_o a_o body_n appear_v from_o the_o forego_n experiment_n concern_v a_o piece_n of_o match_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n where_o the_o agitate_a part_n of_o smoak_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n capable_a of_o hinder_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o though_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o grate_v of_o iron_n have_v be_v so_o much_o corrode_v in_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v into_o powder_n like_o parch_a straw_n and_o though_o the_o accurate_a varenius_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o issand_n call_v azore_n that_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n even_o the_o tile_n of_o the_o house_n have_v be_v corrode_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o argument_n that_o such_o corrosive_a humour_n may_v put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o air_n since_o such_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o corrosive_a steam_n mix_v with_o it_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v endow_v with_o the_o true_a quality_n of_o air_n that_o they_o may_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n retain_v their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o sublime_v of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v have_v a_o subtle_a saline_n body_n which_o will_v not_o only_o rise_v itself_o retain_v its_o own_o nature_n but_o will_v also_o raise_v the_o substance_n of_o gold_n along_o with_o it_o who_o part_n will_v also_o retain_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n like_o pure_a gold_n i_o remember_v that_o once_o have_v tie_v a_o bladder_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n when_o the_o water_n be_v force_v out_o into_o it_o so_o as_o to_o distend_v it_o we_o slip_v it_o off_o and_o have_v tie_v it_o close_o put_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n where_o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v considerable_o expanded_a and_o though_o the_o bladder_n when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n continue_v in_o the_o cold_a for_o some_o time_n yet_o the_o include_v substance_n continue_v near_o as_o full_o distend_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o plausibleness_n of_o this_o experiment_n i_o can_v not_o but_o suspect_v that_o the_o distension_n rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o work_v of_o the_o aeolipile_n come_v out_o with_o it_o than_o from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n convert_v into_o air._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o may_v be_v allege_v to_o countenance_v the_o change_n of_o water_n into_o air_n if_o a_o good_a aeolipile_n be_v place_v upon_o hot_a coal_n the_o water_n will_v sometime_o spring_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a into_o the_o air_n and_o when_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n will_v continue_v to_o emit_v copious_a stream_n and_o if_o when_o it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n almost_o empty_a the_o neck_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o suck_v in_o water_n it_o will_v raise_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o water_n too_o much_o expanded_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o if_o when_o that_o aeolipile_n be_v almost_o full_a of_o water_n a_o live_a coal_n be_v hold_v before_o the_o neck_n it_o will_v manifest_o be_v kindle_v by_o very_o vehement_a steam_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o it_o which_o will_v have_v the_o more_o powerful_a effect_n the_o near_a the_o coal_n be_v hold_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n but_o since_o by_o hold_v a_o knife_n before_o these_o steam_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v upon_o it_o into_o water_n and_o thence_o appear_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v acquire_v the_o nature_n of_o air_n as_o to_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o relation_n from_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o a_o famous_a hudraulick_n engine_n 15_o see_v figure_n the_o 15_o which_o he_o make_v by_o the_o order_n of_o innocent_a the_o ten_o the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n be_v the_o follow_v cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont._n innocentii_fw-la x._o mandato_n organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cura_fw-la mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la seu_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la a_o h_n quinque_fw-la pedum_n latitudine_fw-la tres_fw-la fere_n ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la continebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la c_o d_o &_o e_o f_o in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la foraminibus_fw-la pertusi_fw-la paulò_fw-la infrà _fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_fw-la h_n eidem_fw-la epistomium_fw-la parabat_fw-la exitum_fw-la aqua_fw-la itaque_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la g_o maximo_fw-la impetu_fw-la ruens_fw-la vehementissimum_fw-la ventum_fw-la mox_fw-la intus_fw-la excitabat_fw-la qui_fw-la ventus_fw-la nimiâ_fw-la humiditate_fw-la imbutus_fw-la ut_fw-la purior_fw-la â—xiret_fw-la sicciorque_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la illa_fw-la in_o cribri_fw-la modum_fw-la pertusa_fw-la ordinata_fw-la sunt_fw-la intra_fw-la haec_fw-la enim_fw-la aquae_fw-la vehemens_fw-la agitatio_fw-la rupta_fw-la fractaque_fw-la aerem_fw-la puriorem_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la a_o subtiliorem_fw-la emittebat_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la postea_fw-la inventum_fw-la sit_fw-la aerem_fw-la plus_fw-la aequo_fw-la humidum_fw-la interioribus_fw-la organi_fw-la meatibus_fw-la maximum_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la infer_v hinc_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la aquosus_fw-la siccissimam_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la acquireret_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la canalem_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la q_o r_n in_o haelicem_fw-la contortum_fw-la vasi_n s_n aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la vrnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la insertum_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_n in_fw-la organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosi_fw-la q_o r_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la z_o inseritur_fw-la anemothaecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la and_o i_o rather_o cite_v this_o account_n because_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o kircher_n own_o observation_n and_o have_v i_o when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n take_v notice_n of_o these_o engine_n and_o find_v that_o the_o effluviae_n which_o blow_v the_o organ_n be_v not_o again_o condense_v into_o water_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v it_o not_o impossible_a to_o turn_v water_n into_o air_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a that_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v supply_v so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o blow_v the_o organ_n i_o therefore_o be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n put_v into_o a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n since_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o i_o pass_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n that_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a straighten_a betwixt_o two_o rock_n which_o be_v so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v with_o one_o foot_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o other_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n to_o appear_v like_o a_o mist_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o such_o vapour_n shall_v pass_v through_o a_o leaden_a pipe_n of_o such_o a_o length_n since_o we_o see_v that_o vapour_n be_v condense_v into_o liquids_n in_o a_o much_o less_o time_n in_o the_o head_n of_o alembic_n and_o the_o neck_n of_o aeolipile_n when_o once_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o
part_n be_v check_v by_o cold._n but_o leave_v this_o plausible_a though_o not_o satisfactory_a experiment_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o another_o which_o be_v this_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o three_o ounce_n with_o near_a equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n half_o a_o dozen_o iron_n nail_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o we_o stop_v the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o the_o tube_n with_o diapalma_n so_o close_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n altogether_o which_o be_v do_v we_o immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o this_o bubble_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o the_o same_o liquor_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n perceive_v bubble_n to_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o nail_n and_o this_o air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o it_o but_o lest_o that_o pressure_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o agitation_n of_o those_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o vessel_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o four_o day_n to_o give_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n time_n to_o cease_v have_v the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o they_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n all_o that_o time_n continue_v depress_v the_o space_n beforemention_v be_v fill_v with_o air._n and_o what_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v upon_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n approach_v the_o bubble_n the_o include_v air_n be_v further_o dilate_v and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n succeed_v upon_o a_o trial_n with_o nail_n corrode_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o if_o water_n be_v not_o convertible_a into_o air_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v anew_o and_o that_o air_n and_o water_n be_v mutual_o convertible_a into_o each_o other_o may_v further_o be_v urge_v as_o nothing_o but_o what_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v and_o allow_v of_o but_o we_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o if_o what_o democritus_n lucippus_n and_o epicurus_n together_o with_o other_o naturalist_n teach_v be_v allow_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o different_a figure_n shape_v and_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n they_o consist_v of_o it_o will_v be_v reasonable_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v alter_v they_o may_v acquire_v the_o several_a quality_n of_o air_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n may_v by_o a_o lucky_a concourse_n of_o cause_n become_v springy_a so_o silver_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o hammer_n acquire_v springiness_n which_o it_o lose_v by_o be_v heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o become_v flexible_a experiment_n xxiii_o prosecute_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v in_o prosecution_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n with_o common_a water_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n and_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v at_o the_o top_n half_o a_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o inch_n this_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n ply_v when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n and_o break_v but_o all_o of_o they_o find_v a_o easy_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n do_v not_o elevate_v it_o as_o when_o they_o ascend_v in_o a_o narrow_a cylinder_n but_o upon_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o expand_v than_o common_a water_n i_o put_v two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n which_o wrought_v to_o the_o middle_a of_o its_o neck_n but_o it_o neither_o swell_v nor_o yield_v bubble_n upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air._n but_o have_v put_v distil_v water_n into_o two_o distinct_a philosophical_a egg_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o former_a being_n straighten_a with_o a_o glass_n tube_n we_o place_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v a_o manifest_a difference_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v straighten_a the_o air_n manifest_o elevate_a the_o water_n several_a bubble_n be_v gather_v about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n whereas_o in_o the_o other_o egg_n the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o elevate_v and_o though_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o last-mentioned_a disappear_v upon_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n those_o above_o the_o tube_n continue_v visible_a only_o a_o little_a contract_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v before_o elevate_v be_v depress_v low_a than_o when_o first_o put_v into_o the_o egg._n and_o after_o a_o day_n time_n have_v again_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o much_o draw_v out_o before_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o but_o that_o in_o which_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v place_v swell_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barley_n corn_n though_o the_o other_o do_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n it_o subside_v again_o and_o whether_o that_o swelling_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la airy_a part_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v experiment_n xxiv_o liquor_n the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n have_v put_v salad_n oil_n into_o a_o glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n who_o stem_n be_v near_o â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o liquor_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o the_o like_a vessel_n fill_v to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o water_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n be_v not_o only_o more_o copious_a than_o those_o of_o the_o water_n but_o rise_v much_o soon_o as_o well_o as_o long_o continue_v till_o the_o pumper_n be_v quite_o tire_v with_o pump_v and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v close_v and_o the_o pump_n put_v into_o action_n it_o subside_v near_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o bubble_n which_o expanded_a themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o will_v sometime_o raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o but_o beside_o the_o forego_n we_o try_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o other_o liquor_n among_o which_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n and_o those_o much_o late_a than_o other_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n likewise_o yield_v very_o few_o red_a wine_n afford_v bubble_n pretty_a plentiful_o which_o change_v place_n by_o move_v in_o a_o oblique_a ascent_n and_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o froth_n near_o the_o top_n which_o present_o disappear_v milk_n afford_v plentiful_a bubble_n which_o elevate_v that_o liquor_n more_o than_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o put_v egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o substance_n contain_v in_o the_o shell_n will_v break_v they_o leave_v the_o film_n within_o it_o whole_a as_o that_o substance_n freeze_v have_v do_v but_o it_o succeed_v not_o we_o put_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o glass_n egg_n fill_v another_o up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o neck_n with_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o add_v as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o raise_v it_o half_o a_o inch_n high_o and_o into_o a_o glass_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n we_o pour_v rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o â…”_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o three_o be_v mark_v we_o put_v they_o into_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n afford_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o form_v a_o froth_n upon_o which_o several_a large_a bubble_n lay_v which_o be_v place_v one_o above_o another_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v bubble_n till_o we_o be_v weary_a
of_o pump_v which_o ascend_v very_o swift_o and_o immediate_o disappear_v at_o the_o top_n first_o lift_v up_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o thin_a film_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o bubble_n in_o their_o ascent_n be_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o water_n and_o wine_n make_v a_o line_n which_o on_o each_o side_n appear_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v and_o last_o in_o this_o spirit_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o order_n which_o these_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o be_v in_o line_n parallel_v and_o of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o the_o bubble_n likewise_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o bracelet_n one_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o a_o certain_a point_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n when_o air_n return_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bubble_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n gradual_o subside_v yet_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v depress_v below_o the_o mark_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n continue_v expanded_a near_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o i_o find_v to_o succeed_v upon_o several_a trial_n experiment_n xxv_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n have_v fill_v a_o wide-mouthed_a jar_n with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n we_o sink_v two_o glass-viol_n who_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o eight_o figure_n one_o of_o which_o contain_v just_a so_o much_o of_o a_o ponderous_n mercurial_a mixture_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o cover_v with_o white_a wax_n the_o other_o be_v weigh_v down_o by_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n be_v downward_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o former_a fill_v three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o latter_a be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o pea._n these_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n at_o the_o last_o so_o many_o bubble_n rise_v up_o to_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o be_v able_a by_o expand_v themselves_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o water_n to_o fly_v out_o and_o make_v the_o viol_n emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o jar_n where_o at_o every_o exsuction_n it_o continue_v to_o expand_v till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o part_n to_o evacuate_v itself_o upon_o which_o it_o present_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o before_o and_o eight_o time_n after_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n but_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o again_o it_o present_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o it_o continue_v at_o the_o bottom_n all_o the_o while_n but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v it_o raise_v itself_o considerable_o but_o about_o sixty_o parcel_n of_o air_n as_o big_a as_o pea_n find_v vent_n and_o get_v out_o it_o present_o subside_v though_o upon_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o rise_v again_o and_o subside_v which_o successive_a ascent_n and_o descent_n it_o continue_v nine_o time_n after_o after_o the_o pump_n cease_v work_v but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o it_o be_v present_o fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o experiment_n that_o hydrostatical_a rule_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o its_o equal_a proportion_n in_o bulk_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v likewise_o true_a when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o experiment_n xxvi_o pendulum_n concern_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o be_v usual_o teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n be_v something_o quick_a according_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o move_v in_o be_v thin_a we_o suspend_v one_o which_o weigh_v about_o twenty_o drachm_n in_o our_o receiver_n fix_v it_o to_o the_o cover_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v fix_v another_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n without_o the_o receiver_n we_o give_v they_o both_o a_o equal_a motion_n and_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o latter_a make_v twenty_o vibration_n the_o former_a count_v twenty_o but_o the_o pendulum_n be_v afterward_o put_v into_o motion_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o it_o be_v exhaust_v continue_v its_o vibration_n to_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n in_o both_o so_o that_o from_o what_o we_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o vibration_n in_o air_n and_o that_o more_o rarify_v medium_fw-la viz._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a experiment_n xxvii_o sound_n concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n it_o have_v be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v but_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o a_o tube_n and_o upon_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la be_v leave_v there_o a_o loadstone_n apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n will_v attract_v the_o steel-clapper_n which_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o loadstone_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bell_n and_o cause_v a_o audible_a sound_n he_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v must_v be_v much_o more_o subtle_a than_o the_o air._n but_o to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a we_o suspend_v a_o watch_n in_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o packthread_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o only_o audible_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o that_o that_o which_o be_v likewise_o perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n hold_v near_o the_o cover_n be_v different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o sound_n though_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o pendulum_n continue_v its_o motion_n yet_o upon_o admit_v of_o air_n again_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o slight_a a_o stroke_n as_o that_o of_o the_o pendulum_n shall_v give_v such_o a_o impulse_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n strong_a enough_o to_o put_v the_o external_n air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o have_v support_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o large_a stick_n which_o reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sound_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o equal_o as_o sharp_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a variation_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o evince_n that_o a_o subtle_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o propagate_a sound_n no_o more_o than_o air_n however_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n try_v with_o a_o bell_n suspend_v in_o a_o glass-tube_n it_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n be_v suspect_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o whole_o void_a of_o air_n since_o experience_n inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fill_v the_o glass-cylind_a so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n void_a of_o air_n since_o the_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n fly_v up_o into_o it_o and_o further_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v the_o principal_a medium_fw-la of_o sound_n we_o may_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o a_o former_a experiment_n that_o though_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o our_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v audible_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dead_a than_o when_o make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o like_a variation_n be_v observable_a in_o all_o other_o sound_v make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxviii_o air._n the_o eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o air._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xxth_z experiment_n viz._n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o body_n encompass_v by_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v
into_o a_o bottle_n and_o immerse_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n long_o the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o cement_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n 2._o see_v plat._n 6_o fig._n 2._o and_o because_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n another_o make_v of_o white_a glass_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o former_a to_o the_o middle_n of_o who_o cavity_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n extend_v so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rise_a water_n have_v more_o space_n to_o move_v in_o when_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o such_o force_n that_o it_o fly_v violent_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v leisurely_o expanded_a and_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v less_o powerful_a the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n gradual_o cease_v in_o its_o ascent_n unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o fresh_a exsuction_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o as_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v narrow_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v slow_a and_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v long_o continue_v second_o if_o a_o pipe_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o branch_a out_o into_o several_a small_a one_o with_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_v of_o they_o the_o water_n will_v fly_v out_o as_o out_o of_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o grotto_n three_o if_o the_o bottle_n to_o who_o neck_n the_o tube_n be_v cement_v be_v large_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v so_o much_o the_o long_o and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v reiterated_a by_o first_o let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o then_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n by_o pump_v it_o out_o afresh_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o expement_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o a_o much_o great_a height_n than_o the_o pipe_n we_o make_v use_v of_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o its_o spring_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o adventitious_a heat_n three_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v the_o upper_a receiver_n be_v take_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v the_o water_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o several_a bubble_n get_v through_o the_o water_n join_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n but_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v take_v off_o a_o considerable_a time_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n continue_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o water_n as_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v before_o expanded_a can_v not_o be_v bring_v again_o to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o compression_n but_o like_o a_o balance_n put_v in_o motion_n continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n resist_v each_o impress_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o the_o chief_a remark_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o salient_a water_n in_o the_o receiver_n form_v several_a large_a line_n some_o of_o which_o be_v parabolical_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v experiment_n v._o about_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o attraction_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o solid_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o attrition_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o intercept_a air_n to_o try_v how_o far_o this_o may_v be_v true_a i_o cause_v a_o strong_a spring_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n see_v plate_n the_o six_o 3._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 3._o figure_v much_o like_o the_o lathe_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o staple_n trencher_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v fix_v a_o concave_a piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o burning-glass_n about_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o moderate_o slender_a to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o convex_a piece_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n which_o have_v a_o square_a handle_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o wood_n the_o other_o end_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o a_o wooden_a pillar_n make_v use_v instead_o of_o our_o vertical_a cylinder_n and_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o turn-key_n be_v of_o such_o a_o size_n that_o when_o the_o stopple_n be_v depress_v into_o the_o socket_n make_v in_o the_o brass_n cover_v the_o concave_a and_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o brass_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o wooden_a pillar_n and_o the_o spring_n be_v squeeze_v together_o and_o the_o spring_n in_o some_o measure_n expanded_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o a_o mercurial_a gange_n convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o wimble_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v turn_v round_o for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n we_o present_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o brass_n betwixt_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v some_o powder_a amel_n to_o make_v they_o move_v more_o easy_o one_o upon_o another_o be_v sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o further_o depress_v they_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o touch_v they_o and_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n succeed_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o of_o oak_n and_o the_o other_o of_o beech._n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o solid_n may_v cause_v a_o considerable_a warmth_n when_o the_o air_n betwixt_o their_o superficies_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o disjoyn_v of_o two_o marble_n not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v separate_v without_o a_o considerable_a weight_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n have_v several_a time_n suspend_v two_o flat_a polish_v marble_n who_o contiguous_a superficies_n be_v moisten_v with_o oil_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o considerable_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o will_v sometime_o fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o eighteen_o suction_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o eight_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n be_v only_o suspend_v at_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o they_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 80_o pound_n without_o separate_n but_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n with_o a_o brass_n conver_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o and_o suspend_v two_o contiguous_a marble_n in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o few_o ounce_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a the_o string_n which_o suspend_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brass_n stopple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shorten_v the_o string_n the_o marble_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n but_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n they_o present_o fall_v asunder_o yet_o have_v so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o low_a shall_v not_o fall_v too_o far_o the_o other_o be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v so_o close_o compress_v together_o again_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o easy_o as_o before_o yet_o if_o by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n the_o uppermost_a be_v raise_v before_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o lowermost_a behind_o it_o experiment_n vii_o a_o way_n to_o break_v flat_a glass_n speedy_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o round_a figure_n of_o a_o body_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v a_o more_o violent_a pressure_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o body_n otherwise_o shape_v
rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n
have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o taste_n odour_n and_o colour_n i_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o volume_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remain_a object_n of_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o three_o volume_n where_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o method_n i_o take_v in_o that_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n subscribe_v myself_o the_o candid_a reader_n very_o humble_a servant_n r._n boulton_n london_n octob._n 13._o 1699._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 1_o fig_n 1._o pag._n 4._o fig_n 3._o pag._n 5._o fig_n 4._o pag_n 6._o fig_n 2._o pag._n 2._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 2._o fig_n 4._o p_o 14_o fig_n 1._o p_o 8._o fig_n 5_o p_o 17._o fig_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 14._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 22._o fig_n 1_o p_o 21._o vol._n ii_o plate_n .4_o fig_n 3._o p_o 27._o &_o .29_o fig_n 4._o p_o 29_o p_o 23._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 25._o plate_n .5_o vol._n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 32._o fig_n 5._o p_o 485._o fig_n 3._o p_o 32._o fig_n 2._o p_o 32._o fig_n 4._o p_o 33._o plate_n .6_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1_o p_o 33._o fig_n 3._o p_o 35._o fig_n 5._o p_o 366._o fig_n 2_o p_o 34._o fig_n 4._o p_o 365._o plate_n .7_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 35._o fig_n 2._o p_o 37._o fig_n 4_o p_o 374_o fig_n p_o 334_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n iii_o chap._n i._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a volume_n forbid_v that_o i_o shall_v add_v any_o more_o of_o the_o experiment_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o what_o our_o author_n have_v further_a deliver_v in_o his_o first_o continuation_n of_o experiment_n relate_v to_o that_o subject_a experiment_n i._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o syringe_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n as_o in_o the_o experiment_n recite_v in_o the_o former_a volume_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n occasion_n the_o difficulty_n of_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n so_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o syringe_n be_v immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o ascend_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o trial_n i._n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o syringe_n and_o immerse_v the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o pipe_n in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v mercury_n we_o tie_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o syringe_n to_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v convey_v it_o into_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n 2._o plate_n 1._o represent_v 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n the_o mercury_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o ascend_v till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o it_o and_o then_o it_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v vary_v by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n up_o a_o inch_n before_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n though_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o rise_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o high_a again_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o be_v as_o difficult_a to_o raise_v the_o sucker_n as_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o syringe_n be_v stop_v the_o remain_a air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o sucker_n from_o rise_v be_v unable_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n trial_n ii_o be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a the_o former_a trial_n be_v again_o repeat_v beside_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o that_o experiment_n we_o further_o note_v that_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o syringe_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a and_o firm_a the_o mercury_n do_v not_o rise_v till_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o return_v again_o into_o the_o receiver_n though_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n but_o lest_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o these_o experiment_n shall_v be_v influence_v by_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n i_o cause_v the_o pipe_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v the_o same_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o cocheneel_v and_o observe_v that_o thou_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liquor_n afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o and_o at_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o boil_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o ascend_v in_o the_o least_o notwithstanding_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o it_o ascend_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o syringe_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n remain_v in_o the_o bottle_n in_o which_o the_o glass_n tube_n be_v immerse_v experiment_n ii_o a_o attempt_n to_o discover_v the_o motion_n of_o aether_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v instead_o of_o the_o glass_n tube_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n provide_v a_o crooked_a one_o of_o brass_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o such_o as_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v and_o join_v a_o glass_n tube_n to_o the_o short_a leg_n with_o cement_n we_o cause_v weight_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n to_o depress_v it_o speedy_o when_o occasion_n require_v this_o syringe_n be_v fix_v to_o a_o pedestal_n to_o keep_v it_o firm_a and_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o totter_v and_o a_o feather_n be_v likewise_o fix_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o syringe_n so_o that_o the_o small_a end_n be_v place_v above_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o crooked_a tube_n all_o which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o sucker_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turning-key_n be_v often_o elevate_v and_o permit_v to_o fall_v again_o the_o feather_n be_v gradual_o less_o shake_v with_o what_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o feather_n do_v not_o seem_v in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v move_v before_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o and_o then_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o as_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o quicken_v so_o that_o have_v there_o be_v a_o substance_n fine_a than_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o blast_n will_v have_v be_v great_a as_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v swift_a we_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n contrive_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n high_o than_o we_o do_v before_o but_o the_o event_n be_v no_o more_o satisfactory_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v inform_v what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o every_o exsuction_n as_o well_o as_o when_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shake_v by_o the_o wind_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o figure_n the_o three_o represent_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brazen_a one_o and_o the_o one_o end_v be_v immerse_v in_o a_o jar_n and_o place_v in_o the_o receiver_n as_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o several_a bubble_n break_v through_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o external_n air_n get_v in_o at_o a_o leak_n the_o water_n be_v press_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n again_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o that_o air_n it_o again_o subside_v yet_o yield_v so_o many_o bubble_n that_o we_o can_v not_o convenient_o make_v any_o further_a observation_n till_o the_o receiver_n have_v stand_v still_o for_o some_o time_n the_o water_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o then_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n till_o the_o gage_n discover_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v very_o well_o exhaust_v yet_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v that_o any_o bubble_n be_v force_v through_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n by_o frequent_o elevate_n and_o depress_v the_o sucker_n for_o though_o there_o appear_v a_o few_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o we_o judge_v that_o those_o rather_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a particle_n lodging_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a
26_o inch_n high_a aug._n 13_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 33_o aug._n 14_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 36_o aug._n 15_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 39_o aug._n 16_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 41_o ½_n aug._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o aug._n 11_o the_o height_n be_v 47_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 50_o the_o air_n be_v transmit_v and_o the_o goosberry_n take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o acidity_n they_o produce_v air_n very_o regular_o except_o a_o little_a fast_o when_o some_o part_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o experiment_n vii_o sept._n 12._o grape_n crude_a grape_n crude_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o digit_n sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 5_o sept._n 14_o the_o height_n be_v 10_o sept._n 16_o the_o height_n be_v 17_o sept._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 19_o sept._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 23_o sept._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 25_o sept._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 30_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o screw_n sept._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 3_o ½_n sept._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 32_o sept._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 34_o ½_n sept._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n sept._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n oct._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 40_o ½_n oct._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 41_o ½_n oct._n 8_o the_o height_n be_v 42_o ½_n oct._n 15_o the_o height_n be_v 46_o nou._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 54_o nou._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 58_o jan._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o gage_n when_o the_o frost_n be_v most_o severe_a though_o the_o grape_n and_o their_o juice_n be_v freeze_v sept._n 21._o the_o grape_n be_v little_o alter_v and_o the_o mercury_n not_o much_o high_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o grape_n though_o more_o pungent_a have_v not_o lose_v their_o taste_n but_o their_o juice_n preserve_v its_o red_a colour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o grape_n yield_v not_o all_o their_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n experiment_n viii_o august_n 10._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la pear_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pear_n cut_v in_o two_o be_v include_v in_o a_o vacuum_n about_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 10_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 55_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 60_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 68_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o subside_v to_o 53_o ½_n aug._n 18_o the_o height_n be_v 61_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 64_o aug._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o aug._n 21_o the_o height_n be_v 72_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 61._o aug._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 74_o aug._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 79_o aug._n 25_o the_o height_n be_v 81_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 61._o aug._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 56_o soem_n get_v out_o be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 52._o aug._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 75_o aug._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 83_o aug._n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 88_o sept._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 93_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n be_v 89_o some_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o no_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 9_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o sept._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 99_o sept._n 11_o sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 105_o oct._n 8_o air_n get_v out_o pear_n yield_v their_o air_n by_o fit_n article_n xi_o various_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n march_n 16._o receiver_n melt_v lead_v in_o a_o receiver_n lead_v be_v melt_v in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n a_o inch_n and_o ½_n in_o diameter_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o before_o the_o lead_v cool_v when_o it_o be_v cool_v the_o surface_n be_v concave_a especial_o in_o the_o middle_a though_o when_o it_o cool_v in_o open_a air_n the_o surface_n be_v general_o convex_a except_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o same_o success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o tin_n neither_o of_o the_o metal_n afford_v bubble_n experiment_n ii_o sept._n 2._o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n sept._n 15._o the_o salt_n be_v not_o christalize_v experiment_n iii_o august_n 8._o 76._o air._n artificial_a air._n artificial_a air_n from_o goosberry_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 1._o 7_o 6_o 7._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n experiment_n iu._n august_n 8._o weigh_v air_n weigh_v a_o phial_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 7_o ounce_n 5_o drachm_n and_o 3_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v the_o air_n exhaust_v be_v poise_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o another_o weight_n upon_o which_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n which_o cover_v it_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o needle_n and_o the_o air_n get_v into_o it_o weigh_v 4_o grain_n &_o ½_n which_o weight_n be_v to_o the_o former_a as_o 1_o to_o 814_o so_o that_o water_n be_v 800_o time_n heavy_a than_o air_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n experiment_n v._n jan._n 16._o 77._o nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_v nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_a nitre_n be_v mix_v in_o a_o receiver_n together_o yield_v much_o air._n march_n 5._o the_o air_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n alter_v but_o nitre_n be_v produce_v in_o vacuo_fw-la from_o the_o mixture_n experiment_n vi._n may_v 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la several_a body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o phial_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o oil_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 120_o inch_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a since_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v let_v out_o the_o surface_n rise_v not_o again_o august_n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o water_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o surface_n though_o the_o heat_n may_v have_v give_v reason_n to_o expect_v some_o change_n jan._n 14._o 78._o a_o glass_n phial_n be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o my_o hand_n cause_v to_o rife_a to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v then_o invert_v into_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o mercury_n and_o my_o hand_n remove_v the_o cold_a spirit_n admit_v 3_o inch_n of_o mercury_n into_o its_o neck_n yet_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v 90_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o condense_v by_o compression_n though_o cold_a have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n on_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o cold_a shall_v have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n in_o condense_a spirit_n and_o why_o it_o can_v be_v condense_v by_o compression_n experiment_n vii_o may_v 12._o 76._o turpentine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n some_o spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o it_o be_v brisk_o move_v about_o till_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o stick_v to_o several_a bubble_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o be_v by_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v except_o 2_o drop_n which_o the_o bubble_n leave_v behind_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v continue_v their_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o be_v whole_o at_o rest_n yet_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n they_o for_o a_o little_a while_n renew_v their_o motion_n again_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n
whole_o free_v from_o air_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o ebullition_n nor_o a_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n yet_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n move_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o open_a air._n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n depend_v not_o in_o a_o dissolution_n in_o vacuo_fw-la since_o all_o dissolution_n be_v company_v with_o a_o production_n of_o bubble_n experiment_n viii_o may_v 19_o 76._o claret_n radish_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o claret_n have_v cut_v two_o radish_n transvers_o and_o suspend_v they_o all_o night_n in_o vacuo_fw-la over_o a_o vessel_n of_o claret_n the_o small_a end_n of_o one_o be_v downward_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o contrary_a posture_n all_o be_v free_v of_o their_o air_n the_o next_o day_n i_o free_v two_o other_o radish_n from_o their_o thick_a skin_n and_o cut_v they_o transvers_o suspend_v they_o over_o the_o wine_n as_o the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o immerse_v they_o all_o in_o the_o wine_n they_o emit_v bubble_n considerable_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v be_v long_a in_o the_o receiver_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v urge_v that_o bubble_n be_v form_v of_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o radish_n yield_v most_o air_n who_o skin_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o be_v because_o those_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o canal_n and_o pore_n to_o contain_v air_n in_o for_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v equal_o in_o all_o the_o radish_n notwithstanding_o their_o posture_n experiment_n ix_o may._n 4._o water_n a_o small_a tube_n immerse_v in_o water_n a_o small_a glass_n tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a by_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o divide_v and_o intercept_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o several_a place_n beside_o several_a bubble_n of_o water_n pass_v out_o at_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v immerse_v one_o end_v of_o this_o tube_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v open_a but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o water_n ascend_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n that_o the_o water_n suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n yield_v no_o bubble_n but_o only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n nor_o do_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n even_o at_o the_o bottom_n yield_v bubble_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o be_v before_o immerse_v in_o may._n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n a_o drop_n which_o run_v over_o the_o superior_a aperture_n of_o the_o receiver_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o be_v raise_v two_o line_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n no_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n till_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o then_o successive_o they_o rise_v one_o after_o another_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n i_o observe_v that_o thou_o whilst_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v several_a bubble_n appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n none_o be_v to_o be_v see_v may_v 6._o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o nephritick_n wood_n in_o which_o the_o success_n be_v alike_o except_o that_o in_o the_o infusion_n when_o the_o bubble_n be_v small_a they_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o thinness_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o viscocity_n may_v 10._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v different_a from_o the_o former_a but_o that_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v not_o so_o high_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o formation_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tube_n depend_v on_o aerial_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o impediment_n at_o their_o end_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o new_a one_o join_v with_o they_o form_n bubble_n experiment_n x._o july_n 18._o 76._o tube_n bean_n with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n 2_o day_n ago_o to_o day_n seem_v unaltered_a but_o the_o stopple_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v pull_v back_o air_n and_o water_n break_v out_o which_o eruption_n be_v succeed_v by_o a_o bubble_a noise_n which_o continue_v above_o a_o hour_n july_n 25._o the_o iron_n tube_n be_v open_v a_o second_o time_n and_o a_o bubble_a noise_n succeed_v as_o before_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o bean_n contain_v air_n which_o can_v discharge_v itself_o in_o a_o compression_n till_o that_o compression_n be_v remove_v experiment_n xi_o march_n 4._o 77._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o it_o in_o 15_o minute_n it_o be_v tinge_v with_o a_o diluted_a blue_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n in_o 3_o minute_n become_v vivid_v and_o thick_a april_n 4._o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n which_o it_o regain_v when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o may_v 8._o wine_n oil_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n swim_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v great_a bubble_n rise_v from_o the_o spirit_n and_o small_a one_o from_o the_o oil_n but_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o oil_n afford_v bubble_n large_a enough_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o their_o ascent_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o they_o break_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o to_o strike_v against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n may_v 9_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a i_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o oil_n be_v not_o very_o large_a till_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sudden_o expanded_a experiment_n xiii_o may_v 3._o 76._o wine_n aq._n fort._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o include_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n one_o of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o several_a considerable_a ebullition_n succeed_v the_o liquor_n when_o take_v out_o be_v black_a and_o turbid_v though_o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v in_o colour_n but_o only_o a_o black_a powder_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o one_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o ebullition_n less_o violent_a than_o those_o in_o the_o vessel_n first_o include_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v take_v out_o be_v almost_o as_o black_a and_o turbid_v as_o that_o first_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v not_o much_o alter_v may_v 4._o the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n appear_v clear_a and_o green_a but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n bubble_v more_o than_o the_o day_n before_o and_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o all_o three_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o red_a liquor_n afford_v large_a bubble_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v ebullition_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n fourteen_o jan._n 21._o 78._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o file_n of_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spir._n sal_fw-la armon_n with_o file_n of_o copper_n stop_v with_o a_o leather_n stopple_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o unfermented_a paste_n jan._n 22._o the_o air_n yield_v by_o the_o paste_n penetrate_v the_o leather_n which_o be_v impervious_a to_o common_a air_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o tincture_n it_o give_v the_o liquor_n jan._n 25._o the_o liquor_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o penetrate_v pore_n which_o common_a air_n can_v feb._n 2._o the_o glass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o admit_v air_n so_o
experiment_n may_v be_v for_o to_o help_v mariner_n to_o transport_v fresh_a meat_n and_o fruit_n the_o reader_n may_v judge_v article_n xviii_o experiment_n concern_v elixation_n and_o distillation_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n i._n dec._n 12._o 78._o vacuo_fw-la beef_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o reciver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v 2_o ounce_n and_o 6_o drachm_n of_o beef_n in_o it_o be_v immerse_v 3_o hour_n in_o boil_a water_n and_o then_o lest_o to_o cool_v all_o night_n i_o find_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n that_o the_o air_n form_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v up_o 3_o digit_n of_o mercury_n so_o that_o by_o deduct_v from_o the_o calculation_n one_o may_v learn_v that_o flesh_n whilst_o boil_v can_v generate_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n to_o cause_v a_o entire_a pressure_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o double_a weight_n of_o water_n that_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o contain_v 2_o ounce_n of_o water_n will_v not_o yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sever_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n without_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n experiment_n ii_o dec._n 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 32_o ounce_n of_o water_n when_o it_o have_v boil_v long_o separate_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o vapour_n get_v out_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_o again_o it_o be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o be_v sever_v a_o second_o time_n if_o the_o fire_n be_v strong_a enough_o sweet_a exhalation_n continual_o make_v their_o way_n out_o dec._n 24._o the_o receiver_n be_v cool_a be_v almost_o whole_o evacuate_v by_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v not_o separate_v by_o air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n but_o by_o violent_a exhalation_n which_o when_o resist_v fall_v back_o and_o condense_a in_o the_o receiver_n so_o that_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o too_o violent_a the_o avolition_n of_o those_o steam_n may_v easy_o be_v prevent_v experiment_n iii_o jan._n 21._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la paste_n without_o leaven_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pass_v without_o leaven_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n and_o both_o of_o these_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la i_o leave_v they_o there_o 3_o hour_n and_o then_o after_o they_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o a_o moderate_a fire_n i_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v open_v the_o paste_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v red_a on_o its_o superficies_n the_o other_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o therefore_o both_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o b._n m._n all_o night_n jan._n 22._o the_o paste_n be_v take_v out_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v but_o have_v no_o crust_n that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v full_a of_o cavity_n and_o insipid_a the_o other_o be_v well_o taste_v and_o of_o a_o close_a body_n both_o receiver_n be_v void_a of_o air._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 3._o 79._o when_o leaven_v paste_n have_v fill_v a_o receiver_n full_a of_o air_n it_o be_v remove_v into_o another_o upon_o which_o it_o stink_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o hot_a balneo_fw-la m._n 3_o hour_n bread_n be_v make_v of_o it_o full_a of_o hole_n but_o without_o a_o crust_n feb._n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v without_o remove_v the_o paste_n from_o one_o receiver_n to_o another_o and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n the_o bread_n make_v of_o it_o be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n v._n feb._n 12._o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o instrument_n contrive_v to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la it_o yield_v a_o water_n which_o have_v a_o sweet_a smell_n as_o also_o some_o drop_n of_o essential_a oil_n well_o scent_v and_o clear_a from_o any_o empyreuma_n but_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v to_o let_v in_o air_n the_o noise_n which_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o cause_v be_v soon_o over_o so_o that_o i_o judge_v the_o rosemary_n have_v afford_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o air._n feb._n 13._o the_o same_o rosemary_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o a_o more_o violent_a fire_n it_o only_o yield_v a_o water_n less_o odoriferous_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n vi._n feb._n 10._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la flesh_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n be_v boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o 4_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o in_o 3_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o gage_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o inch_n it_o taste_v ill_a as_o also_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o condense_v vapour_n it_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o feb._n 11._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o flesh_n be_v first_o sprinkle_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 6_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o before_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o it_o taste_v well_o and_o the_o liquor_n form_v of_o the_o vapour_n taste_v strong_a of_o pepper_n these_o vessel_n seem_v proper_a to_o distil_v body_n that_o be_v very_o thin_a and_o volatile_a in_o article_n xix_o concern_v elixation_n in_o vessel_n stop_v with_o screw_n by_o who_o help_n hartshorn_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o fish_n and_o fourfooted_a creature_n may_v be_v soften_v experiment_n i._n jan._n 29._o m._n beef_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n beef_n boil_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la eight_o or_o nine_o hour_n in_o a_o vessel_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n have_v a_o very_a unpleasant_a taste_n after_o i_o boil_a beef_n season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n 3_o hour_n and_o it_o taste_v very_o pleasant_a beef_n that_o be_v not_o so_o season_v be_v boil_v 3_o hour_n taste_v well_o so_o that_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o first_o flesh_n be_v spoil_v with_o over-boiling_a when_o the_o flesh_n be_v not_o season_v vapour_n gather_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v taste_v unpleasant_a experiment_n ii_o jan._n 29._o apple_n boil_v 2_o hour_n be_v soft_a and_o well_o taste_v but_o some_o piece_n impregnate_v with_o the_o condense_v vapour_n which_o be_v of_o a_o ungrateful_a smell_n have_v acquire_v a_o less_o acceptable_a taste_n experiment_n iii_o feb._n 4._o receiver_n season_n flesh_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n flesh_n close_o compress_v and_o season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n that_o be_v keep_v hot_a in_o balneo_fw-la a_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o flesh_n be_v alittle_o over_o boil_a when_o the_o balneum_fw-la be_v open_v all_o the_o water_n break_v out_o feb._n 5._o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n march_n 12._o the_o flesh_n be_v very_o good_a elixation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a contribute_v the_o more_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o fermentation_n see_v art_n xviii_o exp._n xii_o xx._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 10._o vacuo_fw-la cow-heel_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v four_o hour_n over_o a_o moderate_a fire_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o bone_n may_v be_v eat_v like_o cheese_n feb._n 12._o a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v 12_o hour_n taste_v empyreumatical_a and_o the_o juice_n will_v not_o coagulate_v so_o that_o hard_a bone_n and_o tendon_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la may_v become_v good_a nourishment_n experiment_n v._n feb._n 10._o a_o fish_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n 2_o hour_n taste_v well_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n harden_v present_o into_o a_o jelly_n of_o a_o firm_a consistence_n this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o boil_v fish_n that_o be_v full_a of_o bones_o experiment_n vi._n feb._n 5._o vacuo_fw-la hearts-horn_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la hartshorn_n boil_v 4_o hour_n be_v very_o soft_a like_o cheese_n and_o the_o juice_n present_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n feb._n 17._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o hartshorn_n be_v boil_v 6_o hour_n and_o grow_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o it_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o these_o experiment_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o mariner_n since_o by_o they_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o boil_v their_o meat_n with_o out_o consume_v fresh_a water_n which_o may_v be_v keep_v for_o other_o more_o cogent_a occasion_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la several_a substance_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o piece_n of_o roast_a rabbit_n be_v preserve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la above_o
receiver_n so_o far_o that_o but_o one_o part_n of_o twenty_o of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o then_o we_o observe_v the_o follow_a particular_n first_o the_o water_n except_o about_o the_o fish_n afford_v no_o froth_n and_o but_o few_o bubble_n second_o the_o fish_n discharge_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o mouth_n and_o gills_o and_o several_a after_o it_o rest_v half_a a_o hour_n stick_v to_o its_o fin_n and_o tail_n and_o other_o part_n these_o bubble_n by_o swim_v will_v be_v shake_v off_o but_o upon_o a_o little_a rest_n they_o will_v appear_v about_o he_o again_o three_o except_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n he_o seem_v to_o take_v in_o air_n at_o his_o mouth_n and_o gills_o four_o after_o a_o while_n he_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o will_v swim_v in_o that_o posture_n five_o in_o some_o time_n he_o move_v more_o lively_a than_o at_o first_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a after_o he_o be_v include_v he_o seem_v clear_a of_o bubble_n but_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o be_v a_o little_a tumid_a yet_o as_o lively_a as_o before_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n after_o he_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o stiff_a yet_o be_v excite_v by_o motion_n he_o move_v a_o little_a air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n whilst_o he_o be_v under_o water_n he_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o seem_v a_o little_a revive_v and_o be_v convey_v along_o with_o the_o water_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o fresh_a water_n he_o be_v further_o recover_v yet_o can_v not_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o his_o belly_n seem_v much_o shrink_v he_o be_v alive_a at_o 24_o hour_n end_n and_o then_o be_v able_a to_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n title_n viii_o of_o two_o animal_n include_v with_o large_a wound_n in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o the_o pneumatical_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la abird_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a bird_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v open_v tranvers_o in_o about_o a_o minute_n after_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_n have_v convulsion_n in_o its_o wing_n and_o be_v take_v out_o be_v past_o recover_v though_o there_o be_v very_o little_a alteration_n in_o its_o lung_n and_o the_o auricles_n of_o its_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v so_o much_o open_v that_o two_o curl_a lobe_n of_o its_o lung_n come_v out_o at_o the_o incision_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o leg_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v lie_v void_a of_o motion_n its_o abdomen_fw-la and._n thigh_n be_v swell_v very_o much_o as_o if_o distend_v with_o some_o airy_a vapour_n one_o lobe_n when_o the_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o appear_v full_a the_o other_o shrink_v up_o and_o thus_o they_o continue_v till_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o and_o then_o the_o body_n grow_v less_o tumid_a and_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v tumid_a subside_v it_o present_o recover_v title_n ix_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o separate_a heart_n of_o a_o cold_a animal_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o tin_n plate_n beat_v as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v grow_v tumid_a emit_v several_a bubble_n out_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o continue_v to_o beat_v as_o fast_o or_o fast_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o experiment_n ii_o the_o heart_n of_o another_o though_o tumid_a beat_v a_o hour_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o begin_v to_o fail_v i_o apply_v heat_n to_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o it_o renew_v and_o continue_v its_o motion_n another_o hour_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v motion_n be_v renew_v by_o apply_v of_o heat_n a_o second_o time_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o hour_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v but_o a_o tremble_a one_o can_v neither_o be_v promote_v by_o the_o air_n nor_o heat_n title_n x._o a_o comparison_n of_o time_n wherein_o animal_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o drown_v or_o withdraw_v of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n sept._n 10._o receiver_n animal_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n a_o green-finch_n be_v sink_v in_o water_n by_o a_o weight_n be_v dead_a after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_o 0184_o 0108_o five_o 3_o a_o minute_n without_o motion_n experiment_n ii_o a_o sparrow_n which_o at_o the_o first_o move_v very_o vigorous_o under_o water_n be_v take_v up_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_a a_o minute_n without_o motion_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iii_o a_o mouse_n be_v immerse_v half_o a_o minute_n and_o some_o second_o after_o some_o faint_a sign_n of_o life_n though_o not_o convulsive_a die_v experiment_n iu._n a_o duck_n be_v immerse_v by_o a_o weight_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v quiet_a for_o a_o minute_n be_v a_o little_a uneasy_a but_o be_v quiet_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o recover_v but_o be_v immerse_v again_o in_o fresh_a water_n it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n and_o nostril_n and_o in_o two_o minute_n time_n begin_v to_o struggle_v at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o minute_n cease_v to_o emit_v bubble_n it_o begin_v to_o gape_v which_o continue_v two_o minute_n and_o then_o its_o head_n hang_v careless_o down_o it_o seem_v dead_a be_v take_v out_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n v._n a_o duckling_n be_v immerse_v with_o its_o beak_n about_o 2_o inch_n under_o water_n emit_v bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n which_o likewise_o arise_v from_o some_o place_n in_o its_o neck_n about_o as_o far_o from_o its_o eye_n as_o from_o its_o ear_n after_o which_o several_a time_n it_o endeavour_v to_o dive_v low_a and_o have_v be_v moderate_o convulse_v hang_v its_o head_n down_o as_o if_o dead_a at_o 3_o minute_n end_n soon_o after_o a_o tremble_a motion_n appear_v in_o some_o part_n of_o its_o bill_n but_o that_o cease_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o minute_n it_o be_v take_v out_o past_a recovery_n experiment_n vi._n a_o viper_n be_v so_o long_o keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o it_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n over_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n be_v as_o lively_a as_o ever_o then_o we_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n body_n stop_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o depress_v with_o a_o weight_n where_o it_o lay_v a_o considerable_a time_n with_o very_o little_a motion_n when_o four_o hour_n be_v almost_o past_a it_o swim_v above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o have_v several_a time_n put_v out_o its_o tongue_n when_o a_o little_a more_o than_o seven_o hour_n be_v pass_v it_o seem_v dead_a its_o head_n and_o tail_n hang_v down_o without_o motion_n n._n b._n though_o several_a of_o these_o animal_n seem_v to_o die_v a_o little_a soon_o in_o water_n than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o it_o do_v not_o certain_o prove_v that_o the_o former_a kill_v they_o fast_o for_o in_o water_n they_o be_v deprive_v of_o air_n instant_o in_o a_o receiver_n by_o degree_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o hence_o viz._n that_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n which_o can_v be_v exhaust_v at_o one_o suck_v the_o animal_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v be_v dead_a in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n xi_o of_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o animal_n in_o air_n bring_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n but_o not_o near_o the_o utmost_a one_o of_o rarefaction_n experiment_n i._n aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v 3_o hour_n in_o a_o receiver_n vacuo_fw-la several_a animal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 4_o ½_n pint_n seem_v sick_a but_o be_v take_v out_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n in_o less_o than_o 1_o ¼_n hour_n and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n recover_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 9_o a_o lark_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n when_o ¾_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 9_o a_o green-finch_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n be_v sick_a and_o throw_v matter_n which_o she_o vomit_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o she_o seem_v better_a and_o continue_v so_o for_o 3_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v sick_a and_o vomit_v as_o before_o she_o eat_v part_n of_o it_o up_o
first_o on_o the_o statical_a baroscope_n one_o may_v foretell_v whether_o in_o the_o mercurial_a baroscope_n the_o water_n be_v high_a or_o low_a but_o of_o all_o the_o season_n we_o make_v our_o observation_n in_o the_o most_o frequent_a change_n be_v in_o the_o spring_n this_o statical_a baroscope_n have_v exact_o answer_v upon_o frequent_a observation_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n concern_v the_o instrument_n and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o i_o proceed_v in_o make_v this_o baroscope_n 1._o that_o the_o glass_n bubble_n and_o its_o glass_n counterpoise_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o bulk_n the_o bubble_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n big_a than_o the_o counterpoise_n 2._o if_o body_n of_o equal_a weight_n and_o unequal_a bulk_n be_v weigh_v in_o another_o medium_fw-la the_o aequilibrium_fw-la will_v be_v lose_v for_o if_o the_o new_a medium_fw-la be_v heavy_a the_o body_n who_o dimension_n be_v large_a will_v be_v light_a than_o before_o and_o vice_n 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il_fw-fr feit_z baisser_fw-fr le_fw-fr mercure_n jusques_fw-fr en_fw-fr f._n qui_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr â…œ_n plus_fw-fr bas_fw-fr &_o en_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr temps_fw-fr il_fw-fr monta_fw-la jusq_fw-la '_o en_fw-fr h._n qui_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr â…œ_n plus_fw-fr haut_fw-fr que_fw-fr g._n ou_fw-fr c._n pour_v sçavoir_fw-fr quélle_fw-fr hatetur_fw-la de_fw-fr mercure_n auroit_fw-fr este_fw-la necessaire_fw-fr pour_fw-fr empescher_fw-fr la_fw-fr dilatation_n de_fw-fr lair_n &_o retenir_fw-fr le_fw-fr mercure_a en_fw-fr c._n je_fw-fr nay_o quá_fw-la trower_fw-fr ce_fw-fr qui_fw-fr seroit_fw-fr necessaire_fw-fr pour_fw-fr repousser_v le_fw-fr mercure_a en_fw-fr c._n etainsy_n contenir_fw-fr lair_n dans_fw-fr léspace_fw-fr ae_n c._n non_fw-la obstant_fw-la la_fw-fr chaleur_n jepose_v pour_fw-fr principe_fw-la ceque_fw-la lexperience_n fait_fw-fr voir_fw-fr cest_fw-fr que_fw-fr quand_fw-fr une_fw-fr quantitè_fw-fr dáir_fw-fr occupe_fw-fr un_fw-fr certain_a espace_fw-fr que_fw-fr jáppelle_fw-fr ae_n et_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr pression_n qui_fw-fr leretient_a dans_fw-fr cet_fw-fr espace_fw-fr soit_fw-fr b._n si_fw-la on_o vient_fw-fr a_o augmenter_n cette_fw-fr pression_n de_fw-fr telle_fw-fr quantité_fw-fr que_fw-fr lón_fw-fr voudra_fw-fr comme_fw-fr x._o on_z diminuera_fw-mi l'espace_n ae_n d'une_fw-fr certain_a quantité_fw-fr d._n laquelle_fw-fr quantité_fw-fr est_fw-fr au_fw-fr restant_n m._n come_v x_o est_fw-la a_o b._n d._n m_o ∷_o x._o b._n donc_fw-fr m._n d_o ∷_o b._n x._o il_fw-fr est_fw-fr aiséd_v áppliquer_fw-fr cette_fw-fr reigle_v à _fw-fr lexperience_n cy_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr car_fw-fr ae_n f._n ou_fw-fr 35_o 8_o de_fw-fr pouce_fw-fr sont_fw-fr lespace_n ae_n lapression_n ordinaire_fw-fr de_fw-fr lâir_fw-fr qui_fw-fr est_fw-fr de_fw-fr 30_o pouce_n jointe_n nae_fw-la un_fw-fr pouce_fw-fr de_fw-fr haut_fw-fr que_fw-fr se_fw-fr trowe_fw-mi entre_fw-fr f_o et_fw-fr h._n est_fw-la b_o x_o 31_o pouce_n de_fw-fr mercure_n et_fw-fr si_fw-fr nous_fw-fr y_fw-fr en_fw-fr adjouston_n assez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr reduire_n lair_n a_o léspace_n ae_n c._n le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr ae_n c._n sera_fw-fr m._n x_o 32_o 8_o et._n f._n c._n sera_fw-fr d._n x_o â…œ_n posant_fw-fr donc_fw-fr m._n d._n b._n 32._o 3._o 31._o la_fw-fr quatriesme_fw-fr propotionelle_fw-it sera_fw-it x._o x_o 2_o 29_o 32_o pouce_n qui_fw-la estant_n joint_n a_o b._n x_o 31_o pouce_n feront_fw-fr 33_o 29_o 32_o pouce_v dont_fw-fr láir_fw-fr sera_fw-fr pressé_fw-fr en_fw-fr c._n ae_n qui_fw-fr sont_fw-fr pres_fw-fr de_fw-fr 4_o pouce_n au_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pression_n ordinaire_fw-fr a_o experiment_n make_v at_o the_o spire_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o sarum_n have_v procure_v all_o the_o survey_a chain_n we_o can_v and_o a_o proper_a frame_n for_o a_o baroscope_n we_o go_v into_o the_o church_n where_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v invert_v as_o in_o the_o torcellian_a experiment_n the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 30_o inch_n and_o 50_o centesm_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o first_o floor_n which_o be_v 1033_o ½_n inch_n it_o subsided_a 9_o cents_fw-fr of_o a_o inch_n be_v draw_v up_o 935_o inch_n high_o it_o sink_v 8_o cents_fw-fr more_fw-mi be_v draw_v up_o 2313_o inch_n high_o yet_o it_o lose_v 23_o cents_fw-fr and_o when_o it_o be_v let_v down_o again_o the_o mercury_n reascend_v to_o it_o be_v former_a station_n at_o every_o one_o of_o the_o mark_n at_o another_o time_n a_o invert_v baroscop_n be_v make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o plate_n 5_o fig._n 6_o delineate_n have_v set_v a_o mark_n where_o the_o mercury_n stand_v below_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v inches_n  _fw-fr inch._n cent._n 1033_o ½_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v 1_o 25_o 1â—68_n 2_o 39_o 2467_o 3_o 22_o 4281_o 5_o 64_o 4800_o or_o 400_o foot_n 6_o 40_o on_o the_o great_a continent_n not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n before_o a_o great_a storm_n in_o which_o the_o wind_n blow_v along_o the_o continent_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a station_n but_o when_o 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into_o they_o when_o any_o fire_n remain_v in_o the_o chink_n of_o the_o rock_n for_o they_o usual_o make_v such_o fire_n upon_o hard_a rock_n that_o they_o may_v more_o easy_o dig_v through_o they_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n be_v try_v on_o a_o steep_a hill_n the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v suspend_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o â…›_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v to_o 28_o ¾_n where_o both_o as_o i_o ascend_v and_o descend_v the_o mercury_n gradual_o subside_v and_o rise_v again_o only_o the_o sun_n have_v so_o far_o rarefy_v the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n that_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o bottom_n again_o the_o mercury_n want_v 1_o 32_o of_o its_o former_a height_n which_o i_o suppose_v depend_v on_o the_o resistance_n that_o rarefy_v air_n make_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v visit_v the_o incru_v spring_n i_o former_o mention_v i_o observe_v that_o about_o the_o springhead_n there_o be_v only_o a_o little_a moss_n incrustate_v but_o 40_o or_o 50_o yard_n of_o it_o where_o the_o water_n have_v a_o fall_n high_o than_o my_o head_n it_o sheathe_v every_o thing_n with_o stony-case_n and_o make_v the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n hard_a rock_n it_o bear_v soap_n freeze_v quick_o and_o water_n ground_n with_o advantage_n it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o kitchen_n and_o brewhouse_n belong_v to_o the_o gentleman_n in_o who_o ground_n it_o rise_v in_o without_o any_o sensible_a ill_a effect_n only_o his_o horse_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v usualshort_a breathed_n thus_o for_o the_o extract_v of_o mr._n lock_n be_v letter_n some_o day_n ago_o the_o king_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o discourse_n with_o i_o about_o the_o use_n of_o baroscope_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v by_o observe_v the_o baroscope_n foretlod_v a_o storm_n which_z according_o ensue_v nous_fw-fr apprenons_a de_fw-fr ces_fw-fr experience_n que_fw-fr puisque_fw-fr le_fw-fr poid_v de_fw-fr l'air_fw-fr et_fw-fr le_fw-fr poid_v de_fw-fr l'eau_fw-fr qui_fw-fr est_fw-fr dans_fw-fr les_fw-fr pompes_z se_fw-fr tiennent_fw-fr mutuellement_fw-fr en_fw-fr
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o 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that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
of_o tartar_n be_v digest_v with_o several_a time_n its_o quantity_n of_o onion_n acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v expeeiment_n x._o with_o a_o inodorous_a body_n and_o another_o not_o well_o scent_v to_o produce_v a_o musky_a smell_n scent_v a_o perfume_n make_v of_o a_o inodorous_a and_o another_o body_n not_o well_o scent_v this_o we_o have_v do_v by_o cast_v small_a pearl_n into_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n for_o whilst_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v dissolve_v they_o we_o can_v evident_o perceive_v a_o strong_a musky_a smell_n experiment_n xi_o with_o fix_a metal_n and_o body_n either_o inodorous_a or_o stink_a to_o produce_v strong_a and_o pleasant_a smell_v like_o those_o of_o some_o vegetable_n and_o mineral_n etc._n to_o imitate_v vegetable_a smell_v etc._n etc._n though_o gold_n be_v inodorous_a and_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la of_o a_o offensive_a strong_a smell_n yet_o the_o solution_n be_v precipitate_v with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o the_o precipitate_v fulminate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la in_o a_o silver_n vessel_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o fulmination_n be_v new_o make_v the_o steam_n be_v of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a smell_n like_o musk_n so_o that_o art_n by_o lucky_a contexture_n may_v imitate_v natural_a and_o specific_a odour_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o nature_n may_v endew_v several_a differ_v body_n with_o similar_v smell_v for_o in_o the_o west-indies_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o seed_n which_o for_o its_o smell_n be_v term_v musk-seed_n and_o in_o muscovy_n the_o skin_n of_o musk-rat_n have_v such_o a_o kink_v of_o smell_n and_o duck_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n if_o violent_o chase_v emit_v a_o musk_n scent_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a wood_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o smell_v like_o stercus_fw-la humanum_fw-la and_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v distil_v saccharum_n saturni_n with_o a_o strong_a fire_n beside_o the_o empyreumatical_a liquor_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o grayish_a colour_n emit_v a_o pleasant_a scent_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o nature_n sometime_o take_v the_o same_o way_n to_o produce_v different_a effect_n since_o though_o the_o dung_n of_o most_o animal_n be_v fetid_a yet_o that_o of_o a_o musk_n animal_n be_v well_o scent_v so_o that_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o introduce_v into_o a_o body_n noble_a quality_n that_o it_o have_v a_o due_a contexture_n and_o constitution_n of_o part_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o excrement_n of_o other_o animal_n be_v sometime_o so_o much_o vary_v by_o the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o our_o constitution_n that_o dung_n have_v at_o a_o certain_a distance_n smell_v well_o and_o like_o musk_n to_o some_o people_n and_o not_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o sweat_n be_v very_o fragrant_a and_o civet_n which_o be_v so_o well_o scent_v in_o a_o lax_n air_n be_v as_o offensive_a to_o those_o that_o come_v too_o near_o great_a quantity_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o monkey_n upon_o eat_v spider_n will_v cause_v a_o scent_n like_o musk._n experiment_n xii_o to_o heighten_v good_a smell_v by_o composition_n composition_n to_o enrich_v smell_v by_o composition_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o civet_n or_o musk_n mix_v with_o amber-grease_n promote_v the_o scent_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o quantity_n but_o the_o justness_n of_o proportion_n that_o inrich_v the_o scent_n the_o best_a proportion_n be_v 8_o part_n of_o amber-grease_n two_o of_o musk_n and_o one_o of_o civet_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o body_n inodorous_a mix_v with_o the_o ingredient_n of_o perfume_n promote_v their_o scent_n for_o which_o end_n wine_n vinegar_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o some_o and_o i_o myself_o prepare_v a_o essence_n of_o musk_n by_o digest_v some_o of_o it_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o some_o day_n and_o then_o decant_v the_o tincture_n and_o a_o weak_a sort_n may_v be_v make_v by_o pour_v milk_n upon_o the_o rema_v part_n of_o the_o musk_n and_o decant_v it_o after_o a_o cold_a digestion_n and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o tincture_n observable_a be_v that_o though_o it_o of_o itself_o have_v but_o a_o weak_a scent_n yet_o if_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o good_a sack_n it_o perfume_v the_o whole_a very_o rich_o both_o in_o smell_n and_o taste_n chap._n iii_o many_o change_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o one_o simple_a ingredient_n ingredient_n several_a change_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o one_o simple_a ingredient_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o colour_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o variation_n of_o texture_n and_o their_o modification_n i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n in_o which_o several_a phaenomena_n be_v exhibit_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o colourless_a ingredient_n such_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i._o if_o a_o little_a spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n it_o be_v present_o turn_v from_o a_o blue_n to_o a_o red_a colour_n incline_v to_o a_o purple_a ii_o but_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v in_o a_o just_a proportion_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n make_v with_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a the_o blue_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a colour_n iii_o have_v mix_v syrup_n of_o violet_n with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n hartshorn_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o by_o that_o mean_v turn_v it_o green_a i_o mix_v spirit_n of_o salt_n with_o it_o which_o turn_v it_o red_a iv_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n in_o which_o red_a rose_n leave_v well_o dry_v be_v put_v it_o will_v make_v the_o tincture_n to_o be_v of_o a_o lovely_a red._n v._o but_o if_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n be_v heighten_v by_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n or_o urine_n spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v make_v it_o as_o pale_a as_o sack_n so_o that_o that_o which_o heighten_v the_o red_a tincture_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n destroy_v it_o in_o this_o vi_o though_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la in_o water_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o light_n appear_v yellow_a yet_o when_o hold_v so_o that_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o window_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v blue_a yet_o upon_o the_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n into_o it_o it_o lose_v that_o property_n vii_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o paper_n stain_v with_o ink_n the_o black_a be_v present_o change_v into_o a_o yellow_a and_o blue_a colour_n viii_o if_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o filtrated_a liquor_n will_v upon_o evaporation_n shoot_v into_o green_a cristal_n which_o if_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a they_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o crucible_n a_o moderate_a heat_n will_v turn_v they_o red_a ix_o we_o find_v that_o the_o red_a precipitate_v of_o mercury_n per_fw-la se_fw-it will_v dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n though_o crude_a mercury_n will_v not_o we_o likewise_o find_v that_o the_o redness_n of_o minium_n be_v whole_o destroy_v by_o boil_v it_o in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o that_o the_o tincture_n of_o coral_n extract_v with_o this_o menstruum_fw-la be_v whole_o void_a of_o colour_n x._o if_o file_n of_o copper_n be_v long_o digest_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o will_v cover_v it_o the_o breadth_n of_o two_o finger_n the_o metal_n be_v in_o part_n dissolve_v will_v be_v of_o a_o colour_n not_o unlike_o a_o muddy_a red_a if_o hold_v betwixt_o your_o eye_n and_o the_o the_o light_n xi_o but_o if_o it_o stand_v some_o hour_n in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n it_o will_v be_v of_o a_o green_a colour_n fine_a than_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o mars_n xii_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n or_o quicksilver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la the_o mixture_n will_v be_v of_o a_o milky_a whiteness_n and_o present_o deposit_v a_o white_a precipitate_v xiii_o and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n will_v likewise_o happen_v if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v drop_v upon_o a_o tincture_n of_o benjamin_n or_o a_o solution_n of_o resinous_n jalap_n fourteen_o have_v mix_v a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o red_a lead_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a rose_n i_o drop_v spirit_n of_o salt_n into_o the_o mixture_n which_o precipitate_v the_o red_a and_o turn_v the_o green_a mixture_n into_o a_o durable_a scarlet_n which_o if_o disturb_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o white_a precipitate_a will_v be_v of_o a_o carnation_n colour_n xv._o spirit_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v muddy_a by_o stand_v upon_o file_n of_o copper_n
alter_v as_o to_o yield_v a_o crystalline_a salt_n and_o a_o transparent_a colour_n but_o be_v it_o allow_v since_o adustion_n render_v some_o body_n black_a that_o that_o colour_n depend_v on_o a_o trorrify_v sulphur_n it_o may_v be_v further_o demand_v what_o give_v torrify_v sulphur_n that_o colour_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v what_o make_v a_o window_n half_o shut_v at_o a_o distance_n to_o appear_v black_a since_o it_o have_v no_o access_n of_o torrify_v sulphur_n upon_o that_o posture_n but_o only_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v not_o so_o plentifl_o reflect_v by_o it_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a with_o a_o more_o lively_a colour_n but_o to_o conclude_v what_o the_o chemist_n teach_v of_o blackness_n to_o i_o seem_v to_o come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o if_o in_o answer_n to_o a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o cause_n of_o salivation_n they_o shall_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o precipitate_v of_o gold_n and_o mercury_n and_o likewise_o of_o quicksilver_n and_o silver_n salivate_a upon_o account_n of_o the_o mercury_n that_o abound_v in_o they_o where_o we_o be_v still_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o know_v why_o mercury_n shall_v have_v that_o effect_n chap._n vii_o contain_v promiscuous_a experiment_n about_o colour_n be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o colour_n experiment_n i._n colour_n promiscuous_a experiment_n concern_v colour_n to_o show_v how_o much_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n represent_v by_o opace_fw-la body_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n with_o shade_n more_o or_o less_o as_o to_o quantity_n or_o as_o to_o interruption_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a note_n paper_n stain_v with_o several_a colour_n place_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n who_o window_n be_v southward_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n enter_v in_o at_o a_o hole_n 3_o inches_n ½_n diameter_n the_o white_a yield_v the_o bright_a reflection_n red_a give_v a_o reflection_n strong_a than_o green_a or_o blue_n who_o colour_n be_v scarce_o discernible_a and_o of_o a_o equal_a brightness_n yellow_a reflect_v more_o light_a than_o either_o green_a or_o blue_n red_a reflect_v more_o light_a than_o purple_a and_o so_o do_v blue_a marble_n paper_n sleeked_a reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a unstained_a but_o not_o so_o bright_a as_o white_a paper_n purple_a seem_v to_o reflect_v more_o light_n than_o a_o dark_a green_n in_o compound_v colour_n by_o reflection_n we_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o colour_n be_v not_o strong_a and_o somewhat_o glossy_a the_o reflect_a ray_n will_v not_o form_v a_o compound_n colour_n on_o the_o wall_n experiment_n ii_o i_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n that_o white_a linen_n will_v receive_v and_o reflect_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o red_a silk_n waistcoat_n in_o a_o light_a room_n though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o a_o dark_a room_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o colour_n of_o one_o body_n visible_a by_o reflection_n from_o another_o experiment_n iii_o colour_a sheet_n of_o paper_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o light_n and_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o hole_n which_o be_v make_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n the_o colour_n be_v each_o of_o they_o represent_v to_o the_o eye_n single_a but_o by_o place_v one_o sheet_n of_o paper_n before_o another_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n pass_v through_o the_o blue_n and_o yellow_a exhibit_v a_o dark_a yellow_n but_o a_o fine_a paper_n which_o be_v blue_a be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a they_o afford_v a_o good_a green_n the_o yellow_a and_o red_a represent_v a_o dark_a orange_n colour_v red._n the_o purple_a and_o red_a appear_v of_o a_o deep_a scarlet_n purple_a and_o yellow_a make_v a_o orange_a colour_n green_n and_o red_a a_o dark_a orange_n tawny_a green_n and_o purple_a make_v a_o purple_a more_o dirty_a blue_n make_v the_o purple_a deep_o and_o more_o lovely_a red_a marble_n and_o yellow_a represent_v a_o scarlet_a but_o the_o colour_n which_o be_v thus_o compound_v vary_v much_o as_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o paper_n be_v deep_a or_o more_o slight_a and_o as_o the_o paper_n differ_v in_o fineness_n experiment_n iv_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a darken_a room_n we_o place_v a_o triangular_a prismatical_a glass_n in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n and_o observe_v no_o less_o than_o four_o reflection_n and_o three_o refraction_n and_o by_o hide_v sometime_o one_o part_n of_o the_o prism_n and_o sometime_o another_o 5._o see_v plat._n 5._o fig._n 5._o we_o find_v the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o the_o follow_a scheme_n represent_v see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 5_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o scheme_n p._n p._n p._n a_o aequilatero-triangular_a crystalline_a prism_n of_o who_o edge_n p._n be_v place_v next_o the_o sun_n a._n b._n and_o α._fw-la β._fw-la two_o ray_n from_o the_o sun_n fall_v on_o the_o prism_n at_o b._n β._n and_o thence_o partly_o reflect_v towards_o c._n and_o γ._n and_o partly_o refract_v towards_o d._n and_o δ._n b._n c._n and_o β_n γ._n those_o reflect_a ray_n b._n d._n and_o β._n γ._o those_o refracted_a ray_n which_o be_v partly_o refract_v towards_o e._n and_o â—_o and_o there_o represent_v a_o iris_n 345_o denote_v the_o five_o consecution_n of_o colour_n red_a yellow_a green_a blue_a and_o purple_a and_o be_v partly_o reflect_v towards_o f._n and_o 3._o d._n f._n and_o γ_n 3_o those_o reflect_a ray_n which_o be_v partly_o refract_v towards_o g._n and_o η_n colourless_a and_o partly_o reflect_v towards_o h._n and_o θ._n f._n h._n and_o 3._o θ._n those_o reflect_a ray_n which_o be_v refract_v towards_o i._o and_o i._o and_o there_o represent_v another_o faint_a iris_n the_o colour_n of_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a 54321._o signify_v purple_a blue_a green_a yellow_a red_a so_o the_o prism_n in_o the_o posture_n represent_v four_o rainbow_n experiment_n v._n we_o observe_v that_o in_o a_o light_a room_n the_o prismatical_a iris_n may_v be_v reflect_v without_o lose_v any_o of_o its_o colour_n from_o a_o flat_a look_a glass_n the_o surface_n of_o water_n or_o a_o concave_a looking-glass_n and_o that_o refraction_n do_v as_o little_o destroy_v their_o colour_n as_o reflection_n for_o though_o by_o a_o burning-glass_n one_o part_n of_o the_o iris_n will_v appear_v either_o beyond_o or_o on_o this_o side_n the_o other_o yet_o the_o colour_n will_v appear_v as_o vivid_n in_o the_o displace_v part_n as_o in_o the_o other_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o prism_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o opacous_a body_n so_o that_o the_o ray_n fall_v but_o on_o a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o the_o iris_n be_v but_o little_a yet_o the_o colour_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o through_o a_o microscope_n as_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n experiment_n vi._n have_v which_o appear_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n be_v so_o dim_a that_o if_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v let_v in_o they_o present_o disappear_v which_o i_o experience_v by_o cast_v the_o converge_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o prisimatical_a iris_n by_o a_o concave_a speculum_fw-la and_o if_o these_o ray_n only_o cross_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o iris_n before_o they_o fall_v to_o ground_n they_o will_v likewise_o disappear_v experiment_n vii_o try_v whether_o the_o colour_n of_o opacous_a body_n will_v be_v vary_v as_o they_o be_v in_o a_o different_a position_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o eye_n or_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o lucid_a body_n that_o shine_v upon_o they_o we_o look_v upon_o several_a piece_n of_o paper_n by_o candle_n light_n and_o find_v that_o yellow_a be_v much_o faint_a than_o in_o the_o day_n the_o red_a be_v little_o alter_v a_o deep_a green_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o dark_a blue_n but_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o blue_n appear_v green_a and_o much_o blew_a than_o at_o the_o first_o when_o look_v upon_o by_o a_o yellow_a blue_n look_v like_o a_o deep_a purple_a purple_a be_v very_o little_o alter_v red_a look_v upon_o with_o the_o yellow_a make_v it_o appear_v like_o brown_a cap-paper_n experiment_n viii_o suspect_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n to_o be_v tinge_v yellow_a with_o its_o fuel_n we_o look_v upon_o it_o through_o a_o deep_a blue_a glass_n and_o observe_v that_o through_o that_o it_o appear_v green_a a_o colour_n which_o emerge_n from_o a_o composition_n of_o a_o obscure_a blue_a and_o a_o yellow_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n at_o the_o first_o sight_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o distinguish_v a_o paper_n from_o a_o light_n yellow_a paper_n and_o other_o white_a body_n reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n less_o trouble_v or_o more_o sincere_a than_o other_o body_n experiment_n ix_o a_o leaf_n of_o gold_n be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o light_n and_o the_o eye_n seem_v full_a of_o pore_n like_o a_o sieve_n and_o so_o modify_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o
both_o weaken_n the_o spirit_n on_o which_o it_o fall_v for_o as_o crimson_a be_v a_o red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_a so_o yellow_a be_v but_o a_o dilate_a red_a and_o therefore_o alkalizated_a salt_n will_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o infusion_n of_o cochinele_n and_o brasil_n to_o crimson_a but_o will_v turn_v the_o yellow_a juice_n of_o mad_a red_n and_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n to_o a_o crimson_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o blue_a and_o purple_a seem_v to_o be_v deep_a colour_n than_o red_a and_o therefore_o the_o juice_n of_o plant_n of_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a colour_n may_v be_v turn_v red_a by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la yet_o syrup_n of_o violet_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o contrary_a turn_v green_a by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v a_o more_o dilute_a colour_n than_o blow_v experiment_n xxxviii_o salt_n distil_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o operation_n yield_v red_a fume_n and_o vitriol_n though_o green_a or_o blue_a come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o several_a other_o concretes_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o soot_n have_v fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o white_a fume_n yet_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v red_a nor_o that_o of_o vitriol_n or_o soot_n white_a and_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o wood_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o black_a and_o red_a and_o though_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o plant_n yet_o the_o distil_a liquor_n vary_v not_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o sublimation_n that_o the_o flower_n differ_v much_o in_o colour_n from_o the_o fume_n that_o compose_v they_o as_o red_a benzoin_n yield_v white_a flower_n and_o antimony_n afford_v flower_n some_o of_o they_o red_a and_o some_o grace_n and_o some_o of_o they_o pure_o white_a and_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o some_o glass_n man_n to_o make_v a_o blue_a sublimate_n of_o a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o brimstone_n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o orpiment_n which_o be_v a_o yellow_a substance_n yield_v a_o sublimate_n among_o which_o several_a red_a fume_n ascend_v and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sublimate_n who_o low_a part_n be_v set_v with_o red_a particle_n which_o glitter_v pretty_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o if_o good_a spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o tincture_n or_o a_o infusion_n of_o the_o flower_n of_o pomegranate_n the_o red_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a colour_n but_o by_o spirit_n of_o sea-slat_n it_o will_v become_v come_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n which_o red_a may_v be_v ture_v into_o a_o dirty_a green_n by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n wherein_o leave_v of_o senna_n be_v immerse_v it_o present_o appear_v red_a but_o the_o same_o will_v not_o happen_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o red_a rose_n leave_v be_v put_v in_o warm_a water_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o but_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n only_o hasten_v the_o tincture_n of_o the_o senna_n since_o the_o leave_n in_o a_o night_n time_n will_v yield_v a_o tincture_n in_o cold_a water_n which_o will_v not_o be_v heighten_v by_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o red_a rose_n leave_v that_o the_o tincture_n be_v rather_o extract_v than_o produce_v by_o the_o oil_n yet_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o extract_v the_o tincture_n the_o one_o will_v not_o do_v what_o the_o other_o will_v but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v do_v as_o well_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o upon_o the_o red_a tincture_n of_o rose_n decant_v you_o drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o shake_v the_o viol_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o greenish_a blue_n which_o be_v observable_a since_o the_o turn_n of_o red_a into_o blue_a be_v a_o very_a unfrequent_a observation_n and_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o red_a tincture_n to_o a_o blue_a if_o it_o be_v take_v as_o the_o liquor_n be_v dropp'n_a in_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o pretty_a variety_n of_o colour_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o represent_v the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o tincture_n be_v very_o high_a the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v turn_v it_o to_o a_o deep_a opacous_a blue_a but_o the_o liquor_n be_v leave_v open_a two_o or_o three_o day_n both_o the_o blue_a and_o the_o red_a colour_n vanish_v the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o amber_n colour_n and_o have_v a_o feculent_a sediment_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v form_v of_o the_o rose_n draw_v together_o by_o the_o acid_n and_o precipitate_v by_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n in_o who_o room_n other_o sulphureous_a salt_n may_v be_v substitute_v and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n it_o present_o turn_v the_o red_a liquor_n into_o a_o purple_a one_o but_o if_o the_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n be_v impregnate_v with_o acid_a spirit_n of_o salt_n it_o will_v yield_v neither_o a_o red_a nor_o a_o purple_a but_o a_o yellow_a liquor_n experiment_n xl._n to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la and_o again_o destroy_v we_o drop_v oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o deep_a orange_n colour_n but_o upon_o drop_v in_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o continue_v to_o shake_v the_o glass_n strong_o the_o whole_a will_n present_o become_v transparent_a again_o in_o which_o the_o colour_n result_v from_o a_o coalition_n of_o the_o mercurial_a particle_n with_o the_o saline_a one_o and_o with_o the_o alkalizate_a particle_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o oil_n but_o how_o these_o unite_n come_v to_o form_v such_o a_o substance_n as_o reflect_v such_o a_o colour_n i_o confess_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o explain_v but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o precipitate_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v sublime_v together_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o sublimate_n and_o dissolve_v the_o ascend_a flower_n in_o water_n and_o siltre_v it_o the_o limpid_a liquor_n turn_v white_a upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o a_o alkaly_n and_o not_o yellow_a and_o not_o only_o by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o by_o vary_v the_o precipitate_v liquor_n the_o success_n of_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v different_a for_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n the_o precipitate_v will_v be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o former_a and_o from_o quicksilver_n itself_o without_o sublimate_n we_o may_v prepare_v a_o pricipitate_a dissoluble_a in_o water_n without_o discolour_v it_o and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o composition_n that_o though_o in_o our_o experiment_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n destroy_v the_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n we_o may_v make_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o water_n alone_o and_o i_o the_o rather_o employ_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o such_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o void_a of_o colour_n but_o strong_a and_o incisive_a for_o notwithstanding_o common_a and_o undephlegm_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o effect_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o be_v careful_o dephlegm_v it_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n answer_v expectation_n but_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o though_o by_o drop_v in_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n successive_o the_o liquor_n will_v regain_v and_o lose_v its_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o liquor_n grow_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o successive_a additional_a drop_n the_o yellow_a colour_n will_v gradual_o appear_v more_o faint_a a_o improvement_n of_o the_o forty_o experiment_n if_o crude_a antimony_n be_v boil_v in_o a_o strong_a lixivium_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o sulphureous_a sediment_n which_o will_v settle_v in_o yellow_a flake_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o take_v fire_n than_o the_o powder_n of_o antimony_n therefore_o consider_v that_o sulphur_n boil_v in_o a_o lixivium_n may_v be_v precipitate_v by_o rhenish_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o acid_v i_o can_v precipitate_v other_o sulphureous_a
the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o corpuscular_a philosophi_fw-la have_v in_o the_o preface_n give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o the_o follow_a sheet_n i_o shall_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n represent_v the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n as_o deliver_v by_o our_o author_n and_o first_o it_o have_v this_o to_o recommend_v it_o above_o all_o other_o system_n of_o philosophy_n that_o it_o teach_v we_o not_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o do_v that_o the_o world_n be_v make_v in_o a_o infinite_a vacuum_n by_o a_o casual_a concourse_n of_o atom_n nor_o as_o the_o cartesian_o that_o matter_n first_o put_v into_o motion_n by_o god_n convene_v into_o a_o world_n as_o now_o constitute_v by_o law_n mechanical_a only_o but_o it_o allow_v the_o omnipotent_a creator_n a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o work_v of_o his_o hand_n teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o compose_v the_o universe_n be_v guide_v by_o that_o wise_a architect_n who_o when_o he_o have_v constitute_v the_o world_n establish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o we_o only_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v those_o as_o now_o constitute_v and_o how_o they_o be_v mechanical_o carry_v on_o in_o do_v of_o which_o it_o account_v for_o the_o several_a phanomena_n of_o nature_n by_o principle_n more_o intelligible_a and_o clear_a than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n since_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_o understand_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o motion_n or_o rest_n size_n shape_n order_n situation_n and_o a_o contexture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o by_o fanciful_a idea_n represent_v by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o privation_n substantial_a form_n and_o their_o eduction_n etc._n etc._n nor_o have_v our_o hypothesis_n a_o less_o advantage_n over_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n since_o it_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o as_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o and_o remove_v by_o a_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o interfere_a body_n and_o those_o other_o concern_v in_o the_o phaenomenon_n or_o to_o use_v another_o instance_n it_o be_v easy_o understand_v that_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n by_o a_o concave_n spherical_a looking-glass_n be_v more_o natural_o account_v for_o by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n than_o any_o hypostatical_a principle_n but_o beside_o the_o intelligibleness_n of_o our_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o far_a recommendation_n that_o none_o be_v more_o primary_n than_o matter_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v the_o first_o general_n affection_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a none_o more_o primary_n because_o have_v the_o same_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v always_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o can_v not_o be_v diversify_v therefore_o motion_n be_v primary_o necessary_a nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a because_o neither_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n of_o a_o different_a denomination_n since_o all_o matter_n be_v equal_o matter_n and_o all_o motion_n must_v bear_v the_o same_o title_n consider_v bare_o as_o motion_n and_o as_o none_o can_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o primary_n so_o none_o can_v be_v more_o comprehensive_a since_o motion_n size_n figure_n order_n and_o texture_n may_v be_v diversify_v thousand_o of_o way_n and_o as_o whole_a library_n be_v make_v of_o twentyfour_o letter_n so_o the_o several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o several_a variety_n of_o texture_n and_o other_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a change_n our_o principle_n be_v subject_a to_o nor_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n alone_o explain_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n but_o those_o quality_n esteem_v occult_a one_o since_o the_o particle_n which_o be_v concern_v in_o such_o composition_n as_o abound_v with_o occult_a quality_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o action_n though_o their_o part_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o make_v their_o modus_fw-la operandi_fw-la indiscernible_a but_o what_o be_v still_o more_o a_o advantage_n in_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o it_o fly_v not_o to_o a_o unknown_a power_n as_o a_o plastic_a one_o or_o a_o anima_fw-la mundi_fw-la who_o operation_n be_v not_o know_v but_o give_v we_o a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o former_a give_v no_o more_o satisfaction_n than_o if_o one_o be_v tell_v that_o a_o watch_n tell_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n because_o make_v by_o such_o a_o man_n whereas_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o part_n so_o place_v together_o be_v in_o motion_n and_o the_o same_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n beside_o ingredient_n by_o a_o bare_a mixture_n be_v able_a to_o effect_v nothing_o nor_o able_a to_o work_v upon_o each_o other_o without_o motion_n those_o principle_n themselves_o appear_v to_o be_v only_o different_a modes_n of_o matter_n vary_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o phaenomenon_n which_o any_o hypothesis_n be_v able_a to_o explain_v but_o a_o more_o intelligible_a account_n may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o follow_v plate_n .1_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 39_o 4._o p._n 17_o fig_n 5_o p_o 317._o fig_n 6._o p_o 37._o fig_n 2_o p_o 37._o fig_n 7._o p_o 3â—_n fig_n 3_o p_o 36._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o plate_n .2_o vol._n iii_o p_o 281._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 285_o fig_n 3._o p_o 285._o fig_n 4._o p_o 288._o fig_n 5._o p_o 290._o fig_n 6._o p_o 293._o fig_n 8._o p_o 295._o fig_n 7._o p_o 294._o plate_n .3_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 296_o fig_n 2._o p_o 296._o fig_n 3._o p_o 297._o fig_n 4._o p_o 297._o fig_n 5_o p_o 299._o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 301._o fig_n 8._o plate_n .4_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 303_o p_o 303._o fig_n 2._o p_o 305_o fig_n 3._o fig_n 4._o p_o 305._o fig_n 5._o p_o 307._o p_o 309_o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 309._o fig_n 8._o p_o 310._o plate_n .5_o vol_n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 329._o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v a_o appendix_n to_o book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o cold._n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a cold._n experiment_n concern_v the_o mechanical_a origin_n of_o cold._n which_o be_v general_o esteem_v two_o of_o the_o most_o active_a quality_n may_v be_v mechanical_o produce_v or_o destroy_v by_o a_o bare_a change_n of_o texture_n or_o by_o alteration_n otherwise_o mechanical_o bring_v on_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n or_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n sal-armoniac_a a_o solution_n of_o sal-armoniac_a have_v dissolve_v salarmoniack_a in_o four_o time_n its_o quantity_n of_o water_n whilst_o the_o mixture_n be_v a_o stir_v and_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v the_o water_n acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o to_o congeal_v water_n with_o which_o the_o bottle_n be_v wet_a on_o the_o outside_n into_o ice_n but_o after_o a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o salt_n the_o coldness_n gradual_o decline_v experiment_n ii_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o coldness_n which_o the_o former_a mixture_n acquire_v do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o effect_n which_o the_o water_n have_v on_o the_o saline_a part_n than_o on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o those_o saline_n part_n through_o the_o water_n i_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o water_n which_o be_v so_o warm_a as_o to_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ascend_v but_o the_o same_o thermoscope_n be_v remove_v into_o powder_n of_o sal-armoniac_a warm_a it_o ascend_v much_o fast_o yet_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o liquor_n again_o and_o the_o salt_n pour_v into_o it_o it_o speedy_o begin_v to_o subside_o and_o sink_v a_o division_n and_o ¼_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o in_o cold_a water_n remain_v at_o that_o station_n a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n experiment_n iii_o have_v immerse_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o pour_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n leisurely_o upon_o it_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o mixture_n by_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n grow_v hot_a urine_n a_o thermoscope_n immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o fermented_a urine_n sensible_o raise_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v do_v and_o a_o salt_n obtain_v from_o the_o evaporate_v mixture_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a it_o be_v careful_o dry_v and_o be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v place_v upon_o its_o dissolution_n
vitriol_n pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sal-armon_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n and_o texture_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o gradual_o add_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o whilst_o upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n the_o water_n become_v cold_a we_o pour_v in_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o which_o the_o mixture_n become_v hot_a where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o though_o salarmoniack_a in_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n produce_v cold_a yet_o a_o contrary_a effect_n shall_v happen_v upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o both_o together_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o the_o two_o liquor_n overpowr_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o salt_n be_v able_a otherwise_o to_o produce_v experiment_n ix_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n be_v so_o uncertain_a sometime_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o have_v place_v a_o thermometer_n in_o eight_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n and_o gradual_o put_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n after_o some_o time_n the_o ingredient_n have_v work_v upon_o each_o other_o with_o a_o copious_a froth_n and_o a_o hiss_a noise_n the_o bottle_n be_v something_o warm_a and_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n raise_v yet_o another_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n prepare_v without_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pour_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o a_o incalescence_n a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v produce_v experiment_n x._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n shake_v together_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a acquire_v a_o sort_n of_o goolness_n but_o if_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v first_o mix_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n they_o become_v hot_a and_o though_o salt_n of_o tartar_n grow_v hot_a in_o water_n yet_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o cinnabar_fw-la distil_v in_o a_o strong_a fire_n produce_v no_o heat_n notwithstanding_o a_o hiss_v nolse_o like_o that_o of_o quicklime_n succeed_v its_o immersion_n effect_n a_o coincident_a disposition_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_a requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o their_o effect_n that_o the_o artificial_a production_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v obstruct_v by_o a_o indisposition_n in_o the_o patient_n to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v learn_v by_o several_a observation_n and_o particular_o by_o note_v that_o though_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v so_o fiery_a a_o liquor_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n itself_o and_o to_o dissolve_v ice_n soon_o than_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o a_o pound_n of_o choice_n rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n except_o a_o little_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v whole_o coagulate_v into_o a_o consistent_a mass_n like_o ice_n notwithstanding_o the_o glass_n stand_v in_o a_o elaboratory_n in_o which_o that_o oil_n be_v never_o at_o any_o other_o time_n observe_v to_o congeal_v and_o this_o phenomenon_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o the_o oil_n continue_v in_o that_o state_n when_o the_o wether_n be_v too_o moderate_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n on_o the_o contrary_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o oil_n of_o anniseed_n which_o usual_o coagulate_v with_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n continue_v undisturbed_a and_o transparent_a without_o the_o least_o coagulation_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a season_n and_o the_o like_a we_o have_v observe_v in_o camphire_n reduce_v to_o a_o oil_n by_o some_o nitrous_a spirit_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o section_n if_o heat_n depend_v on_o a_o brisk_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o if_o cold_a be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n than_o that_o about_o our_o sensory_a it_o appear_v that_o a_o imminution_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o contrary_a quality_n viz._n coldness_n and_o though_o cold_a seem_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n a_o privitive_a quality_n yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o agent_n which_o cause_v that_o imminution_n act_v positive_o upon_o the_o part_n in_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o positive_a quality_n though_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_a it_o be_v but_o a_o relative_a one_o as_o lukewarm_a water_n will_v appear_v hot_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o hand_n immerse_v in_o it_o have_v either_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n and_o indeed_o the_o principal_a mistake_n which_o sometime_o occur_v in_o discourse_n concern_v cold_a happen_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o that_o expression_n which_o sometime_o be_v use_v to_o signify_v the_o idea_n imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o advention_n of_o a_o external_a object_n sometime_o for_o a_o imminution_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o cause_n heat_v and_o sometime_o for_o the_o object_n upon_o a_o contact_n of_o which_o we_o perceive_v cold._n chap._n ii_o show_v that_o not_o only_o our_o sense_n but_o common_a weather-glass_n may_v misinform_v we_o about_o cold._n cold._n neither_o our_o sensory_n nor_o weather-glass_n infallible_a criterion_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold._n though_o most_o philosopher_n have_v hitherto_o take_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sensory_n for_o the_o only_a criterion_n by_o which_o they_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o since_o cold_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o organ_n only_o a_o relative_n thing_n and_o since_o it_o have_v sensible_a effect_n on_o other_o body_n which_o be_v affect_v by_o more_o minute_n variation_n than_o our_o sensory_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o by_o the_o change_v it_o cause_v on_o those_o body_n that_o discover_v it_o be_v slight_a variation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o our_o sense_n since_o neither_o our_o sensory_n alone_o nor_o common_a weather-glass_n be_v too_o confident_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o in_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o for_o cold_a be_v a_o relative_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_n as_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n vary_v so_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v seem_v violent_a or_o more_o remiss_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o hot_a bath_n the_o most_o remiss_a degree_n seem_v hot_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o cold_a and_o chill_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n into_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cool_a bath_n be_v more_o brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_a than_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o when_o we_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n they_o be_v less_o agitate_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o cause_v a_o cold_a sensation_n by_o alter_v and_o check_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o before_o be_v brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_n but_o our_o sensory_n may_v not_o only_o misinform_v we_o in_o such_o case_n where_o they_o evident_o appear_v to_o be_v different_o temper_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o object_n but_o sometime_o when_o those_o variation_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n be_v cause_v by_o unsuspected_a agent_n or_o insensible_a degree_n so_o we_o perceive_v the_o air_n in_o a_o cellar_n much_o cold_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o body_n accustom_v to_o a_o warm_a air_n descend_v into_o it_o nay_o sometime_o we_o judge_v amiss_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a when_o we_o think_v our_o sensory_n unaltered_a so_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o upon_o the_o sensory_a by_o penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n and_o retardate_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n seem_v cold_o than_o before_o yet_o when_o blow_v upon_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n that_o motion_n enable_v it_o not_o to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n beside_o sometime_o we_o may_v be_v more_o sensible_o affect_v with_o cold_a when_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_a but_o either_o on_o some_o steam_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o frigorifick_a quality_n as_o opium_n external_o apply_v or_o on_o some_o chill_a distemper_a humour_n in_o our_o body_n but_o further_a sometime_o body_n appear_v cold_a to_o our_o sensory_n than_o to_o a_o weatherglass_n because_o the_o former_a be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o density_n and_o penetrancy_n of_o the_o part_n so_o water_n have_v appear_v cold_a to_o our_o body_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o when_o by_o a_o nice_a weatherglass_n i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o
shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v 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spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o â—_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n 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to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v
mention_v viz._n egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a act_n on_o every_o side_n the_o shell_n be_v whole_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v in_o order_n to_o facilitate_v some_o experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o in_o common_a experiment_n water_v natural_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o that_o ice_n confine_v the_o subjacent_a water_n so_o that_o when_o freeze_v it_o have_v not_o room_n to_o expand_v i_o say_v whereas_o in_o such_o case_n the_o glass_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v to_o prevent_v such_o ill_a consequence_n i_o lay_v the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n first_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o above_o it_o and_o as_o the_o salt_n and_o ice_n be_v raise_v high_a about_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ice_n gradual_o rise_v without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o bottle_n to_o this_o advertisement_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o only_o at_o the_o first_o lie_v the_o mixture_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n above_o cool_a i_o usual_o put_v ice_n itself_o or_o snow_n either_o of_o which_o will_v succeed_v in_o these_o experiment_n above_o that_o mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n by_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o spoil_v they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n they_o thaw_v slow_o without_o damage_n to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o tradition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o egg_n which_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o thaw_v snow_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o then_o want_v 4_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n it_o acquire_v such_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o 15_o drachm_n and_o 9_o grain_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o egg_n dry_v it_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o 12_o grain_n be_v break_v we_o find_v it_o almost_o thaw_v when_o freeze_v it_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n but_o when_o thaw_v it_o sink_v we_o take_v two_o egg_n well_o freeze_v and_o place_v they_o both_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o fire_n the_o one_o be_v put_v into_o water_n and_o the_o other_o lay_v on_o a_o table_n when_o that_o in_o the_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o break_v it_o find_v that_o the_o yolk_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v thaw_v but_o the_o other_o egg_n be_v cut_v asunder_o the_o white_a be_v whole_o freeze_v and_o the_o yolk_n hard_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v overboil_v there_o likewise_o appear_v in_o it_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o different_a colour_n and_o a_o very_a white_a speck_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n we_o be_v confirm_v in_o our_o persuasion_n that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v thaw_v soon_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n a_o egg_n be_v suspend_v in_o water_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n equal_o thick_a on_o all_o side_n freeze_a pippin_n be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pippin_n which_o be_v immerse_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o much_o thick_a crust_n than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o 2._o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o those_o in_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v but_o one_o that_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a and_o more_o freeze_v 4._o neither_o the_o freeze_a egg_n or_o apple_n condense_v and_o freeze_v the_o air_n though_o they_o incrustate_v the_o water_n egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o they_o crack_v we_o put_v one_o into_o milk_n two_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o into_o a_o large_a glass_n of_o sack_n but_o produce_v no_o ice_n egg_n be_v put_v into_o vinegar_n produce_v no_o ice_n but_o the_o vinegar_n corrode_v the_o eggshell_n a_o cheese_n immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o lump_n of_o iron_n piece_n of_o glass_n and_o stone_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o freeze_v egg_n produce_v no_o ice_n in_o water_n water_n be_v pour_v into_o a_o bottle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o our_o elaborotory_n part_v of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n shake_v together_o in_o a_o vial_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dew_n and_o so_o do_v ice_n beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n with_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg._n pippin_n be_v much_o better_o when_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a climate_n that_o when_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o extreme_a cold_a too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n it_o have_v raise_v blister_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o more_o careful_a sort_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o cold_a water_n or_o snow_n before_o they_o approach_v the_o fire_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o cheese_n be_v freeze_v in_o muscovy_n those_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n and_o guilielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_n cap._n 10._o de_fw-la gangraena_fw-la &_o sphacelo_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o our_o apple_n and_o egg_n be_v though_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n yet_o glaciation_n leave_v they_o more_o subject_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o thaw_n though_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o state_n they_o putrify_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a under_o glaciation_n hinder_v body_n from_o corruption_n i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a instance_n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la say_v p._n 80._o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la sine_fw-la arcte_fw-la compactam_fw-la servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la a_o putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la and_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 74._o have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o p._n 79._o he_o farther_o say_v that_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o ice_n all_o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jot_n the_o worse_o and_o from_o simlerus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o alps_o it_o appear_v that_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o snow_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o p._n 79._o de_fw-la figurativis_fw-la in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la nivium_fw-la è_fw-la monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la mole_n sylvam_fw-la &_o proceras_fw-la abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60_o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la soluto_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o prove_v that_o inanimate_a body_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n i_o shall_v bring_v several_a instance_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o much_o wonder_n since_o whether_o glaciation_n proceed_v from_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n wedge_v in_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n or_o whether_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o a_o avolition_n of_o those_o restless_a particle_n which_o before_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a we_o must_v suppose_v a_o unusual_a rest_n and_o consequent_o the_o concomitant_a cause_n of_o corruption_n
the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o 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like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o 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its_o duration_n the_o texâ—â—â—…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dâ—â—â—…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o produce_v experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o former_a a_o seal_a weatherglass_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o subside_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n but_o rise_v again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o which_o effect_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n when_o the_o external_n be_v draw_v out_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n hot_a body_n external_o apply_v affect_v not_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o they_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v sensible_o 3._o to_o measure_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o we_o enclose_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n hermetical_o seal_v which_o when_o it_o be_v artificial_o or_o natural_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n break_v open_a we_o can_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o water_n it_o receive_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v above_o a_o 30_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n a_o glass-egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o condense_v in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o jan._n 29_o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057_o space_n be_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n contract_v to_o 1965_o space_n so_o that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n we_o can_v observe_v be_v a_o 22_o part_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o three_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v 4_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965_o space_n to_o 1860_o so_o that_o the_o artificial_a cold_a contract_v be_v more_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o contraction_n which_o the_o natural_a cold_a produce_v than_o that_o condensation_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o natural_a temper_n or_o rather_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n 4._o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o observation_n cold_a may_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o snow_n in_o greenland_n all_o midsummer_n night_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o severe_a frost_n happen_v in_o the_o close_a of_o august_n and_o further_o capt._n weymouth_n say_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o sail_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n their_o very_a sail_n and_o tackle_n be_v freeze_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o english_a when_o they_o be_v sail_v to_o cherry-island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74_o and_o 75_o degree_n latitude_n in_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o close_v up_o that_o other_o vapour_n be_v repress_v and_o keep_v from_o rise_v and_o the_o air_n have_v be_v by_o several_a observe_v to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o clear_a in_o the_o winter_n here_o in_o england_n and_o sweedland_n and_o elsewhere_o than_o at_o other_o time_n 7._o the_o refraction_n of_o luminary_n in_o the_o northern_a air_n in_o nova_n zembla_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o dutchman_n observe_v the_o sun_n to_o appear_v to_o they_o 14_o day_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o charlton-island_n to_o vary_v 52_o minute_n and_o the_o sun_n to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o rise_v beside_o several_a instance_n of_o refraction_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o air._n 8._o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o relation_n and_o observation_n of_o navigator_n which_o we_o shall_v either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v
the_o mixture_n though_o consistent_a be_v cold_o than_o the_o fluid_a ingredient_n to_o try_v whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n we_o take_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n then_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o freeze_a it_o from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixtre_n when_o the_o include_v air_n be_v compress_v as_o much_o as_o we_o think_v the_o glass_n will_v bear_v we_o nip_v off_o the_o apex_n and_o find_v that_o thereupon_o the_o air_n fly_v out_o and_o the_o water_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o its_o former_a surface_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compress_v ⅜_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n but_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o some_o springiness_n in_o the_o ice_n or_o whether_o the_o glass_n be_v before_o distend_v and_o now_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a dimension_n occasion_v this_o phaenomenon_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v without_o further_a trial_n and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o before_o the_o air_n be_v much_o compress_v it_o will_v cause_v no_o considerable_a noise_n and_o further_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o second_o time_n repeat_v with_o one_o of_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o the_o same_o liquor_n it_o will_v rise_v ⅛_n and_o ¼_n in_o the_o stem_n high_a than_o before_o upon_o break_v of_o the_o apex_n chap._n vi_o a_o examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o teach_v and_o prove_v antiperistasis_n argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n though_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v assert_v by_o aristotle_n and_o some_o of_o his_o follower_n urge_v reason_n and_o experience_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o yet_o from_o what_o follow_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o what_o be_v offer_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v his_o doctrine_n for_o first_o it_o be_v reason_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o requisite_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o thing_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o nature_n than_o to_o furnish_v cold_a and_o heat_n with_o a_o self_n invigorate_n power_n which_o each_o of_o they_o may_v exert_v when_o encompass_v with_o the_o other_o and_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o natural_a than_o for_o one_o quality_n when_o surround_v with_o a_o predominant_a one_o to_o retire_v into_o the_o innermost_a recess_n of_o that_o body_n where_o the_o force_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v a_o occasional_a exertion_n of_o that_o power_n be_v call_v antiperistasis_n but_o from_o reason_n to_o proceed_v to_o experience_n it_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o low_a and_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v insupportable_o hot_a the_o cold_a fly_n to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o it_o and_o there_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o other_o two_o about_o it_o and_o as_o the_o cold_a remain_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n so_o lightning_n be_v but_o a_o explosion_n of_o exhalation_n pin_v up_o in_o the_o cold._n and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v further_o offer_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o the_o air_n but_o the_o earth_n itself_o for_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a that_o in_o cellar_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a retreat_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a quality_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n without_o be_v excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n be_v warm_a and_o even_o the_o water_n draw_v from_o wells_n be_v warm_a when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rivers_n themselves_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o to_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v further_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o deep_a pit_n as_o well_o as_o mine_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v troublesome_a hot_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o charlton-island_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o cold_o in_o june_n when_o ice_n swim_v in_o it_o than_o in_o december_n and_o that_o a_o well_o which_o furnish_v they_o with_o water_n in_o december_n afford_v none_o in_o july_n and_o further_o that_o in_o musco_n the_o cellar_n be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o in_o winter_n from_o the_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o even_o in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n water_n draw_v out_o of_o well_n usual_o steam_v or_o smoke_n if_o agitate_a when_v new_o draw_v thus_o much_o be_v offer_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n exmine_v those_o argument_n exmine_v it_o be_v answer_v on_o the_o contrary_a first_o as_o to_o the_o rational_a defence_n of_o it_o that_o there_o it_o no_o necessity_n that_o these_o two_o quality_n shall_v thus_o invigorate_v themselves_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o they_o be_v lose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n since_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n there_o be_v several_a substance_n which_o be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o matter_n to_o supply_v each_o quality_n beside_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n contrary_a quality_n rather_o destroy_v than_o preserve_v one_o another_o and_o even_o the_o peripatetic_n themselves_o allow_v that_o all_o agent_n act_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o we_o have_v several_a instance_n in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o animal_n be_v destroy_v and_o not_o increase_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o it_o be_v common_o allege_v to_o show_v that_o contrary_n endeavour_v to_o shun_v each_o other_o that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n fall_v upon_o a_o table_n keep_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v not_o so_o far_o prevalent_a above_o its_o tenacity_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v beside_o it_o be_v prevent_v partly_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o be_v globous_a figure_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o its_o aversion_n to_o spread_v upon_o a_o dry_a body_n and_o its_o disposition_n to_o shun_v contrary_n be_v evident_a since_o it_o retain_v the_o like_a figure_n when_o mix_v with_o fluid_a oil_n and_o mercury_n on_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v a_o globular_a figure_n upon_o a_o table_n yet_o if_o put_v upon_o gold_n it_o lose_v that_o figure_n antiperistasis_n whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o what_o reason_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o proceed_v to_o examine_v what_o experiment_n and_o observation_n have_v be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n with_o cold_a water_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o since_o it_o will_v cause_v a_o much_o more_o violent_a ebullition_n if_o boil_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a the_o part_n of_o the_o hot_a liquor_n be_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o penetrate_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o to_o set_v the_o igneous_a part_n at_o liberty_n for_o which_o reason_n spirit_n of_o salt_n cause_v still_o a_o strong_a ferment_n than_o hot_a water_n but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o water_n slack_v not_o lime_n because_o its_o coldness_n keep_v in_o and_o thereby_o invigorate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o igneous_a fiery_a part_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v it_o nor_o do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v present_o dissolve_v examine_v another_o argument_n examine_v another_o argument_n allege_v for_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v the_o freeze_a of_o a_o pot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o stool_n at_o the_o fire_n side_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v likewise_o succeed_v where_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n near_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n invigorate_n the_o cold._n another_o experiment_n employ_v by_o the_o asserter_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v that_o if_o a_o pot_n of_o snow_n be_v set_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o so_o harden_v they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o serene_a weather_n be_v cold_o than_o rainy_a weather_n he_o say_v be_v because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o the_o fall_a drop_n which_o reason_n he_o likewise_o allege_v why_o water_n in_o wells_n be_v not_o freeze_v the_o wind_n not_o be_v able_a to_o beat_v strong_o enough_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n he_o attribute_n it_o to_o airy_a particle_n force_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v urge_v against_o this_o doctrine_n examine_v examine_v that_o all_o congeal_a liquor_n instead_o of_o have_v their_o part_n press_v inward_o and_o so_o condense_v manifest_o expand_v upon_o congelation_n and_o as_o for_o animal_n body_n such_o a_o inward_a endeavour_n of_o the_o humour_n as_o his_o doctrine_n suppose_v be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v 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accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
those_o of_o the_o water_n into_o motion_n induce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o consequent_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o before_o cause_v heat_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n another_o argument_n allege_v for_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a be_v this_o from_o gassendus_fw-la cùm_fw-la per_fw-la hyemem_fw-la immittimus_fw-la manum_fw-la in_o labentis_fw-la fluminis_fw-la aquam_fw-la quod_fw-la frigus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la sentitur_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la dici_fw-la mera_fw-fr privatio_fw-la aliudque_fw-la prorsus_fw-la esse_fw-la apparet_fw-la sentiri_fw-la aquam_fw-la frigidam_fw-la &_o sentiri_fw-la non_fw-la calidam_fw-la et_fw-la fac_fw-la eandem_fw-la aquam_fw-la gelari_fw-la sentietur_fw-la haud_fw-la dubie_n frigidior_fw-la a_o dices_fw-la boc_fw-la esse_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidam_fw-la sentiri_fw-la atqui_fw-la calida_fw-la jam_fw-la antea_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ergò_fw-la potuit_fw-la minus_fw-la calida_fw-la effici_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o as_o when_o a_o stick_n be_v partly_o immerse_v in_o water_n shall_v we_o judge_v of_o it_o by_o what_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v conclude_v it_o break_v but_o our_o reason_n rectify_v the_o error_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v not_o beside_o sensation_n may_v depend_v on_o alteration_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n as_o well_o as_o on_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n as_o in_o hunger_n thirst_v coldness_n in_o ague_n and_o titilation_n upon_o venereal_a thought_n beside_o which_o argument_n that_o urge_v against_o the_o former_a objection_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o this_o and_o since_o water_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o ice_n it_o may_v in_o a_o philosophical_a sense_n be_v say_v to_o be_v comparitive_o warm_a and_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n it_o be_v cold_a yet_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o may_v conclude_v warm_a water_n cold_a when_o the_o hand_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o hot_a water_n into_o it_o three_o a_o three_o but_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a it_o be_v further_o offer_v that_o cold_a be_v sometime_o introduce_v into_o body_n not_o hot_a before_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o since_o fluidity_n consist_v in_o a_o agitation_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n and_o heat_v in_o a_o tumultuary_a one_o those_o body_n into_o which_o cold_a be_v introduce_v by_o congelation_n differ_v whilst_o they_o be_v fluid_a only_o in_o degree_n of_o motion_n from_o heat_n and_o even_o when_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v not_o absolute_o and_o perfect_o cold_a since_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n and_o take_v out_o when_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v about_o it_o the_o glass_n have_v be_v before_o tallow_v over_o to_o make_v it_o part_n with_o the_o ice_n the_o ice_n be_v break_v off_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n the_o air_n which_o be_v cold_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v sensible_a perception_n of_o several_a degree_n of_o privation_n of_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n appear_v since_o we_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a privation_n of_o light_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v nine_o digit_n and_o a_o more_o sensible_a one_o when_o it_o be_v total_o darken_v but_o though_o i_o argue_v for_o the_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o mean_v that_o a_o absolute_a privation_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v affect_v for_o i_o rather_o think_v they_o the_o occasion_n than_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o humour_n be_v different_o modifyed_a upon_o a_o privation_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o consequent_o a_o different_a sensation_n impress_v upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o that_o a_o privation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n about_o our_o sensory_a may_v occasion_v a_o new_a determination_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o fluid_n may_v be_v infer_v from_o easy_a observation_n for_o a_o tennis-ball_n be_v various_o determine_v in_o its_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n upon_o another_o body_n and_o though_o the_o arch_n of_o a_o bridge_n be_v quiescent_a body_n yet_o by_o throw_v the_o water_n together_o they_o render_v its_o stream_n violent_a enough_o to_o turn_v mill_n and_o even_o the_o rapid_a motion_n of_o a_o bullet_n may_v receive_v a_o new_a determination_n of_o its_o motion_n by_o strike_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n if_o when_o it_o be_v first_o discharge_v it_o make_v a_o sharp_a angle_n with_o the_o water_n so_o that_o its_o angle_n of_o incidence_n may_v not_o be_v too_o blunt_a and_o that_o various_a effect_n may_v ensue_v a_o privation_n of_o some_o principal_a cause_n of_o former_a event_n appear_v further_a from_o observe_v that_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o water_n a_o mill_n present_o cease_v to_o move_v though_o no_o positive_a violence_n be_v offer_v to_o it_o and_o upon_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n all_o that_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o mill_n present_o cease_v for_o want_v of_o wind_n and_o in_o paralytic_a case_n a_o viscous_a or_o narcotic_a humour_n obstruct_v or_o disaffect_v one_o part_n of_o a_o nerve_n so_o that_o spirit_n can_v free_o circulate_v through_o it_o occasion_n several_a odd_a and_o terrible_a symptom_n and_o animal_n include_v in_o a_o air-pump_n die_v bare_o by_o a_o privation_n of_o air_n though_o nothing_o else_o be_v present_a to_o disaffect_v they_o and_o even_o infect_v though_o void_a of_o motion_n upon_o a_o privation_n of_o air_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v again_o let_v into_o they_o they_o move_v about_o as_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o species_n enable_v they_o so_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o privation_n of_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n may_v occasion_v a_o contrary_a and_o probable_o the_o effect_n ascribe_v to_o cold._n four_o a_o four_o the_o next_o argument_n allege_v by_o gassendus_fw-la and_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v this_o fac_n manuum_fw-la immitti_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la nunc_fw-la calidam_fw-la nunc_fw-la frigidam_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la istam_fw-la non_fw-la intra_fw-la illam_fw-la refrigeratur_fw-la an_fw-mi quia_fw-la calor_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la retrabitur_fw-la manusque_fw-la proinde_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la calida_fw-la manus_fw-la at_o quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la refugit_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la reperiatur_fw-la nun_n frigas_fw-la at_o si_fw-la frigus_fw-la est_fw-la tantum_n privatio_fw-la quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la ab_fw-la illa_fw-la metuit_fw-la privatio_fw-la sane_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la adeo_fw-la nihil_fw-la agere_fw-la unde_fw-la ejus_fw-la motus_fw-la incutiatur_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o without_o suppose_v insensible_a matter_n to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o capable_a of_o proscecute_v or_o avoid_v what_o be_v hurtful_a to_o it_o this_o objection_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o warm_a water_n feel_v hot_a and_o cold_a affect_v we_o upon_o immerge_v our_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v because_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o be_v more_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o the_o sensory_a and_o the_o motion_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a be_v increase_v we_o feel_v a_o hot_a sensation_n and_o a_o cold_a one_o upon_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n five_o a_o five_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a that_o water_n be_v freeze_v by_o external_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o to_o show_v that_o argument_n prove_v not_o that_o cold_a act_n positive_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a explication_n of_o des_fw-fr cartes_n quia_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la partibus_fw-la bujus_fw-la aquae_fw-la circumfusa_fw-la crassior_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la subtilis_fw-la &_o consequenter_fw-la plum_n virium_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la illa_fw-la quae_fw-la circa_fw-la nivis_fw-la part_n herebat_fw-la locum_fw-la illius_fw-la occupo_fw-la dum_fw-la part_n nivis_fw-la liquescendo_fw-la partibus_fw-la salis_fw-la circumvolvuntur_fw-la facilius_fw-la enim_fw-la per_fw-la salsae_fw-la aquae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la dulcis_fw-la poros_fw-la movetur_fw-la &_o perpetuo_fw-la ex_fw-la corpore_fw-la uno_fw-la in_fw-la aliud_fw-la transire_fw-la nititur_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la ea_fw-la loca_fw-la perveniat_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la mortui_fw-la svo_fw-la minus_fw-la resistitur_fw-la quo_fw-la ipso_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilior_fw-la ex_fw-la nive_v in_fw-la aquam_fw-la penetrate_v ut_fw-la egredienti_fw-la succedat_fw-la &_o quum_fw-la non_fw-la satis_fw-la valida_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la continuandam_fw-la agitationem_fw-la huius_fw-la aquae_fw-la illam_fw-la concrescere_fw-la sinit_fw-la and_o in_o a_o similar_v manner_n calces_fw-la or_o precipitates_fw-la or_o other_o powder_n be_v dry_v by_o be_v place_v on_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n
of_o sal_fw-la armon_n and_o quicklime_n be_v flux_v together_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o powder_n put_v into_o water_n cause_v a_o violent_a heat_n though_o sal_fw-la armon_n itself_o produce_v cold._n experiment_n xxv_o we_o observe_v that_o beat_a sublimate_n be_v mix_v with_o powder_a antimony_n after_o it_o have_v stand_v some_o time_n in_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n grow_v sensible_o hot_a which_o phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v in_o part_n to_o the_o moisture_n imbibe_v from_o the_o air_n since_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v expose_v in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n experiment_n xxvi_o trial_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o summer_n fine_a sulphur_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o water_n will_v grow_v intense_o hot_a if_o stir_v about_o a_o hour_n after_o they_o be_v mix_v and_o will_v likewise_o emit_v steam_n copious_o experiment_n xxvii_o several_a trial_n have_v convince_v i_o that_o a_o mercury_n may_v be_v so_o prepare_v as_o to_o afford_v a_o incalescence_n with_o gold_n experiment_n xxviii_o have_v distil_v from_o quicksilver_n four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o powder_n which_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v white_a and_o glister_a and_o be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v it_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v manifest_o which_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o helmont_n observe_v that_o the_o salt_n adhere_v to_o the_o mercury_n corrode_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o it_o be_v wash_v off_o and_o coagulate_v become_v a_o kind_n of_o alum_n and_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v still_o the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o vitriolum_fw-la martis_n make_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o impel_v up_o as_o by_o the_o former_a mixture_n but_o after_o a_o while_n rather_o subside_v common_a sublimate_n dissolve_v in_o water_n neither_o sensible_o depress_v or_o raise_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 21._o 1675_o 6._o gold_n of_o mercury_n grow_v ho_o with_o gold_n have_v obtain_v a_o mercury_n fine_a and_o clean_o and_o even_o purge_v by_o sublimation_n and_o distillation_n and_o incorporate_v a_o multitude_n of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n with_o it_o so_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v and_o much_o less_o separate_v except_o by_o a_o skilful_a artist_n i_o mix_v sometime_o half_a and_o sometime_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o calx_fw-la of_o gold_n with_o this_o mercury_n in_o the_o palm_n of_o my_o hand_n stir_v and_o press_v it_o with_o the_o finger_n of_o my_o other_o hand_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o ingredient_n be_v mix_v they_o grow_v sensible_o hot_a in_o a_o minute_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v mix_v in_o equal_a quantity_n they_o will_v produce_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n than_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v not_o exact_a and_o the_o like_a success_n ensue_v when_o the_o mixture_n be_v preserve_v from_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o skin_n by_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n lay_v betwixt_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o and_o the_o same_o succeed_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o person_n but_o with_o silver_n it_o will_v not_o produce_v a_o incalescence_n but_o though_o this_o mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n yet_o i_o much_o question_n whether_o as_o chemist_n call_v they_o mercurii_n corporum_fw-la make_v by_o extraction_n from_o mineral_n and_o metal_n will_v grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n as_o i_o find_v antimonial_a mercury_n do_v and_o i_o be_o far_o from_o affirm_v that_o that_o which_o be_v call_v philosophic_a mercury_n or_o even_o those_o obtain_v from_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v fit_a for_o such_o use_n than_o common_a mercury_n skilful_o purge_v and_o impregnate_v with_o the_o subtle_a and_o active_a particle_n of_o congruous_a metal_n and_o mineral_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o this_o mercury_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o preserve_v its_o quality_n of_o grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o though_o it_o be_v distil_v from_o gold_n again_o and_o again_o and_o whereas_o its_o usual_a to_o take_v eight_o or_o ten_o part_n of_o quicksilver_n to_o make_v a_o amalgama_n with_o gold_n this_o mercury_n will_v do_v it_o be_v use_v in_o a_o equal_a proportion_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o prepare_v this_o mercury_n i_o do_v think_v it_o convenient_a to_o publish_v it_o only_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o way_n than_o one_o and_o without_o employ_v antimony_n or_o such_o solid_a metal_n as_o mars_n but_o that_o of_o we_o i_o observe_v succeed_v best_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o be_v mix_v with_o quercetanus_n calx_fw-la of_o gold_n viz._n by_o melt_a gold_n with_o three_o or_o four_o part_n of_o silver_n for_o by_o put_v this_o into_o aq._n fortis_fw-la the_o silver_n will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o gold_n remain_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o calx_fw-la but_o lest_o a_o incalescence_n produce_v by_o such_o a_o calx_fw-la shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o saline_a particle_n of_o the_o aq._n fortis_fw-la work_v on_o the_o quicksilver_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o will_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n on_o common_a quicksilver_n but_o we_o will_v cause_v a_o incalescence_n even_o with_o pure_a leaf-gold_n chap._n fourteen_o new_a experiment_n to_o make_v fire_n and_o flame_n ponderable_a experiment_n i._n a_o thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v place_v in_o a_o crucible_n which_o have_v a_o hole_n on_o purpose_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o this_o crucible_n be_v invert_v into_o another_o which_o contain_v flame_v sulphur_n so_o that_o the_o copperplate_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o in_o two_o hour_n the_o sulphur_n be_v consume_v the_o copperplate_n be_v manifest_o swell_v and_o though_o its_o weight_n at_o the_o first_o be_v but_o a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a and_o twenty_o five_o grain_n yet_o it_o become_v thirty_o two_o grain_n heavy_a which_o be_v about_o a_o five_o part_n above_o its_o former_a weight_n experiment_n ii_o refine_a silver_n be_v place_v over_o the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a weigh_v one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o three_o quarter_n its_o weight_n before_o be_v a_o dram_n want_v two_o grain_n whether_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pore_n that_o silver_n acquire_v not_o proportionable_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n as_o copper_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v but_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n like_o other_o menstruum_n may_v be_v unite_v with_o the_o body_n it_o work_v upon_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o a_o ounce_n of_o copper_n plate_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o shallow_a crucible_n in_o a_o cuppel_a furnace_n two_o hour_n weight_v thirty_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o but_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n in_o three_o hour_n time_n be_v cake_v into_o a_o lump_n and_o weigh_v forty_o nine_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o experiment_n v._n calcine_v hartshorn_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o brick_n be_v two_o hour_n in_o a_o cupel_a furnace_n the_o latter_a neither_o increase_v or_o lose_v of_o its_o weight_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o scale_n by_o imbibeing_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n cause_v it_o to_o preponderate_a but_o the_o hartshorn_n lose_v near_o eight_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o evaporation_n of_o some_o moist_a particle_n of_o the_o air_n because_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o while_n it_o increase_v in_o weight_n again_o experiment_n vi_o and_o vii_o a_o ounce_n of_o tin_n be_v calcine_v in_o a_o cupel_n under_o a_o mouffler_n in_o two_o hour_n have_v gain_v a_o dram_n in_o weight_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o lead_n place_v upon_o a_o cupel_n make_v of_o calcine_v hartshorn_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o litharge_n upon_o it_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cupel_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o fire_n yet_o the_o lead_n and_o it_o weigh_v seven_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o experiment_n viii_o a_o cupel_n make_v of_o ten_o part_n of_o bone-ash_n and_o one_o of_o charcoal-ash_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o ale_n weigh_v about_o two_o ounce_n and_o this_o be_v place_v under_o a_o mouffler_n and_o weigh_v again_o when_o it_o be_v thorough_o hot_a it_o weigh_v two_o grain_n more_o but_o be_v keep_v under_o the_o
mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o 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not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n
deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n instead_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n these_o liquor_n be_v not_o dispose_v to_o mingle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o instead_o of_o fair_a water_n 06_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o sea-salt_n when_o the_o other_o be_v not_o easy_o get_v and_o when_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o vary_v the_o experiment_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n along_o with_o the_o other_o two_o and_o by_o depress_v a_o tube_n into_o they_o with_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n exhibit_v very_o please_a phaenomena_n paradox_n ii_o that_o a_o light_a fluid_n may_v gravitate_fw-la or_o weigh_v upon_o a_o heavy_a paradox_n 2_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a since_o all_o body_n have_v a_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v to_o press_v downward_o though_o sometime_o they_o have_v a_o respective_a levity_n as_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n emerge_n in_o water_n yet_o nevertheless_o that_o relative_a levity_n argue_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o since_o though_o when_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n notwithstane_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o weight_n he_o will_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a tendency_n of_o it_o downward_o but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a see_v plate_n second_o fig._n 2._o where_o suppose_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n i_o g_o 2._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 2._o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n to_o the_o immaginary_a surface_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n i_o h_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o oil_n it_o will_v equal_o ponderate_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o as_o the_o light_a oil_n k_o e_o l_o i_o and_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v deep_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v not_o equiponderant_a with_o the_o extenal_a oil_n the_o oil_n will_v though_o a_o light_a body_n in_o specie_fw-la rise_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o buoy_n up_o the_o water_n again_o the_o bubble_n x_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o glass_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o air_n which_o be_v light_a 3._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 3._o or_o partly_o of_o water_n itself_o which_o be_v specifical_o as_o heavy_a as_o long_o as_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v be_v light_a than_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n it_o will_v float_v but_o if_o it_o grow_v heavy_a it_o will_v sink_v and_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n by_o which_o the_o include_v air_n may_v be_v compress_v the_o bubble_n will_v subside_o but_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o air_n expand_v itself_o again_o it_o will_v as_o soon_o emerge_n the_o water_n that_o be_v before_o suck_v in_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v expel_v but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o second_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o have_v put_v a_o glass-bubble_n pretty_a well_o poise_v into_o a_o tube_n fill_v within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n with_o water_n it_o swim_v there_o till_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o then_o more_o water_n be_v force_v into_o the_o bubble_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n it_o present_o subside_v but_o when_o part_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v take_v off_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n force_v the_o impress_a water_n out_o again_o the_o bubble_n present_o immerge_v and_o for_o a_o further_a confimation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n swim_v in_o a_o tube_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n though_o depress_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o wire_n yet_o when_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o again_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o before_o but_o if_o it_o be_v hold_v under_o water_n till_o more_o be_v pour_v in_o and_o till_o it_o rise_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o it_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v depress_v it_o but_o if_o that_o water_n be_v gradual_o take_v off_o the_o bubble_n will_v present_o emerge_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v why_o in_o these_o trial_n i_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la instead_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o in_o such_o slender_a pipe_n as_o the_o first_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n flow_v down_o one_o side_n the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n will_v rise_v on_o the_o other_o which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n shall_v teach_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n fill_v with_o mercury_n be_v immerse_v fourteen_o foot_n under_o water_n if_o the_o tube_n be_v fourteen_o foot_n long_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o whole_o run_v out_o but_o continue_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o i_o the_o more_o wonder_n at_o it_o since_o probable_o the_o impetus_fw-la will_v make_v it_o descend_v and_o since_o the_o like_a will_v not_o succeed_v with_o much_o more_o favourable_a circumstance_n betwixt_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n paradox_n iii_o paradox_n 3_o that_o if_o a_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_o than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v press_v upward_o by_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v it_o beneath_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o first_o paradox_n for_o wherever_o a_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v beneath_o the_o real_a one_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v incumbent_n on_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n that_o part_n on_o which_o the_o immersed_a body_n chance_v to_o lean_v must_v have_v a_o proportionable_a endeavour_n upward_o and_o if_o that_o endeavour_n be_v great_a than_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o though_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o overpower_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o yet_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o water_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resist_v the_o subside_v of_o that_o body_n and_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n for_o as_o more_o oil_n be_v externa_o pour_v on_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v and_o buoy_v up_o in_o the_o pipe_n by_o the_o subjacent_a oil_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o oil_n do_v not_o press_v against_o it_o beneath_o and_o even_o when_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o latter_a press_n upward_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o resist_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a whether_o we_o suspend_v oil_n in_o water_n or_o water_n in_o oil_n and_o that_o the_o water_n make_v a_o resistance_n to_o body_n that_o descend_v in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 4._o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a scheme_n for_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n e_o f_o to_o contain_v oil_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o when_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n without_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v drop_n of_o oil_n will_v fall_v out_o but_o much_o more_o slow_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o will_v not_o break_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n h_o i._n but_o further_a it_o not_o only_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o since_o as_o long_o as_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v in_o aequilibrium_fw-la they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v each_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n but_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o a_o liquor_n of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o water_n be_v place_v in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v remain_v in_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o water_n obstruct_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o itself_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o lead_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o lead_n be_v let_v down_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o scale_n in_o the_o air_n will_v manifest_o preponderate_v which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o resistance_n of_o fluid_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o body_n may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o
as_o not_o to_o affect_v any_o one_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o consequent_o may_v continue_v a_o atmosphere_n much_o long_o than_o we_o be_v able_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o forestus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o pestilential_a contagion_n that_o be_v a_o long_a time_n preserve_v in_o a_o cobweb_n and_o alexander_n benedictus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o flock-bed_n which_o when_o several_a year_n after_o the_o plague_n it_o be_v beat_v it_o present_o infect_v the_o bystander_n and_o sennertus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o vratislavia_n in_o six_o month_n six_o thousand_o man_n dye_v of_o the_o plague_n and_o that_o from_o that_o time_n the_o infection_n be_v preserve_v in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n and_o be_v display_v in_o another_o place_n 13_o year_n after_o it_o infect_v that_o place_n likewise_o and_o trincavella_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o infection_n be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rope_n by_o which_o dead_a person_n be_v let_v down_o into_o their_o grave_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o by_o diemerbroeck_n who_o acquaint_v we_o that_o a_o apothecary_n of_o he_o turn_v over_o some_o straw_n upon_o which_o a_o bed_n have_v lie_v which_o hold_v a_o infect_a person_n the_o steam_n immediate_o cause_v blister_n upon_o his_o leg_n and_o a_o carbuncle_n which_o be_v a_o fortnight_n in_o heal_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v a_o pair_n of_o spanish_a perfume_v glove_n which_o have_v continue_v their_o scent_n about_o thirty_o year_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o box._fw-la chap._n v._o of_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n though_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v minute_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n effluvium_n o_o the_o great_a efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n yet_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o they_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n i._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o 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stagger_v that_o less_o cautious_o unlute_v the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v sublime_v or_o distil_v to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o infectious_a steam_n in_o the_o plague_n which_o sudden_o infect_v the_o internal_a part_n and_o likewise_o the_o sudden_a effect_n of_o a_o torpedo_n and_o i_o prepare_v a_o sal-armoniac_a so_o powerful_a that_o it_o restore_v a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a to_o one_o that_o have_v lose_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n which_o virtue_n it_o have_v beside_o those_o more_o common_a one_o of_o affect_v the_o eye_n mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o water_n assist_v by_o warmth_n be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o solid_a body_n so_o that_o by_o philosophical_a calcination_n solid_a piece_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v make_v so_o friable_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o powder_n only_o by_o be_v hang_v over_o the_o steam_n of_o distil_a water_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o under_o several_a place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o dew_n be_v so_o penetrate_v that_o it_o cause_v knife_n to_o rust_v in_o their_o sheath_n and_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n and_o even_o watch_v in_o their_o case_n and_o in_o england_n i_o have_v know_v hard_a body_n become_v friable_a by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o vapour_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a and_o mineral_n body_n burst_v by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o effluvium_n and_o that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o minute_n body_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la flame_n whirlwind_n and_o wind_n and_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o those_o odoriferous_a steam_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o affect_v our_o nostril_n be_v in_o too_o languid_a a_o motion_n till_o enable_v to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o powerful_o by_o run_v through_o the_o nostril_n in_o a_o stream_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o setting-dog_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v much_o more_o affect_v with_o a_o scent_n when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o scent_n towards_o their_o nostril_n than_o when_o it_o come_v the_o contrary_a way_n the_o current_n of_o the_o wind_n cause_v the_o odoriferous_a steam_n to_o affect_v the_o sensory_a more_o brisk_o and_o electrical_a body_n exert_v that_o faculty_n more_o strong_o after_o attrition_n the_o emission_n of_o their_o electrical_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v excite_v and_o the_o learned_a faber_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o hare_n be_v suspend_v near_o a_o electrick_n when_o the_o effluvium_n be_v too_o brisk_o agitate_a it_o will_v not_o be_v attract_v but_o drive_v away_o from_o it_o and_o i_o know_v a_o certain_a substance_n make_v by_o distillation_n who_o smell_n in_o the_o cold_a be_v very_o inoffensive_a but_o when_o it_o be_v warm_a it_o emit_v steam_n more_o strong_a and_o penetrate_a than_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v know_v solid_a substance_n stink_v egregious_o when_o excite_v to_o emit_v their_o effluvia_fw-la by_o attrition_n and_o as_o celerity_n of_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o subtle_a body_n so_o do_v the_o different_a modification_n of_o that_o motion_n for_o as_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o javelin_n have_v different_a effect_n when_o they_o fly_v with_o one_o end_n first_o from_o what_o they_o have_v when_o they_o twirl_v round_o with_o a_o certain_a rotation_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a determination_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n and_o that_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n they_o
we_o can_v ready_o precipitate_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n a_o substance_n which_o look_v like_o a_o white_a earth_n and_o such_o a_o substance_n i_o obtain_v in_o a_o far_o great_a quantity_n from_o that_o which_o the_o saltmaker_n call_v bittern_n which_o usual_o remain_v in_o their_o salt_n pan_n when_o they_o have_v take_v out_o about_o as_o much_o salt_n as_o will_v coagulate_v in_o figure_a grain_n this_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n do_v likewise_o precipitate_a a_o solution_n of_o dantzik_n vitriol_n in_o water_n but_o that_o solution_n be_v not_o a_o total_a one_o title_n xii_o of_o the_o affinity_n between_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o some_o chemical_a oil_n and_o vinous_a spirit_n that_o there_o be_v a_o affinity_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n appear_v since_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v that_o be_v put_v together_o they_o will_v concoagulate_v and_o continue_v unite_v a_o long_a time_n and_o though_o a_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v not_o draw_v a_o tincture_n from_o blood_n yet_o spirit_n of_o blood_n will_n but_o as_o for_o lixiviate_v liquor_n such_o as_o be_v make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fix_v nitre_n etc._n etc._n we_o find_v not_o that_o they_o will_v strict_o associate_v with_o it_o spirit_n of_o blood_n ready_o mix_v with_o that_o adiaphorous_a spirit_n former_o mention_v but_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o blood_n mix_v by_o agitation_n with_o its_o oil_n will_v present_o separate_v again_o though_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v permanent_o unite_v though_o these_o two_o liquor_n belong_v to_o a_o different_a viz._n the_o one_o to_o the_o animal_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o vegetable_a kingdom_n with_o the_o essential_a oil_n of_o aromatic_a vegetable_n the_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n for_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o this_o liquor_n and_o of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n draw_v in_o a_o alembick_a per_fw-la vesicam_fw-la be_v shake_v together_o they_o make_v a_o soft_a or_o semifluid_a coagulation_n which_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n for_o a_o day_n or_o two_o and_o will_v probable_o have_v long_o do_v so_o if_o i_o have_v not_o have_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v further_o with_o it_o to_o show_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v either_o communicate_v some_o of_o its_o saline_a part_n to_o essential_a oil_n or_o work_v a_o change_n in_o they_o i_o digest_v a_o while_n in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n some_o recstify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n draw_v in_o a_o alembick_a and_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n grow_v colour_v of_o a_o high_a yellow_a and_o afterward_o attain_v a_o high_a redness_n which_o may_v afford_v we_o a_o hint_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o some_o change_n of_o colour_n that_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o body_n to_o take_v off_o the_o stink_a quality_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o to_o render_v it_o more_o grateful_a we_o mix_v with_o it_o in_o a_o glass_n about_o a_o equal_a quantity_n or_o half_a as_o much_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n and_o have_v shake_v they_o together_o in_o the_o glass_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o furnace_n with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o slight_a texture_n of_o the_o coagulum_fw-la be_v dissolve_v part_n of_o the_o oil_n appear_v float_v upon_o the_o top_n whence_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o tunnel_n the_o liquor_n be_v whitish_a and_o without_o a_o stink_a smell_n it_o smell_v and_o taste_v strong_a of_o aniseed_n though_o the_o saline_a particle_n retain_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o their_o brisk_a and_o penetrate_a taste_n another_o way_n i_o take_v to_o deprive_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n of_o its_o offensive_a smell_n be_v by_o employ_v a_o medium_fw-la to_o unite_v it_o with_o essential_a oil_n for_o have_v dissolve_v a_o eight_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o upon_o a_o convenient_a agitation_n we_o suffer_v the_o mixture_n to_o settle_v a_o considerable_a time_n after_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o oil_n swim_v in_o drop_n distinct_a from_o the_o other_o liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o two_o spirit_n impregnate_v with_o a_o few_o particle_n of_o oil_n which_o they_o have_v detain_v this_o liquor_n abound_v with_o little_a concretion_n make_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o sanguineous_a and_o vinous_a spirit_n which_o by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n be_v sublime_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o volatile_a salt_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o salt_n have_v not_o only_o a_o much_o less_o penetrate_a odour_n than_o the_o mere_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n but_o have_v quite_o lose_v its_o stink_n and_o yet_o retain_v a_o considerable_a quickness_n and_o something_o of_o the_o scent_n of_o aniseed_n and_o the_o remain_a liquor_n be_v likewise_o deprive_v of_o its_o ill_a smell_n and_o moderate_o imbue_v with_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n to_o try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o affinity_n between_o our_o spirit_n and_o the_o high_o rectify_a oil_n of_o petroleum_n i_o shake_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o they_o together_o in_o a_o new_a vial_n upon_o which_o they_o present_o turn_v into_o a_o white_a mixture_n and_o though_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oil_n swim_v above_o the_o spirit_n yet_o there_o appear_v betwixt_o the_o two_o liquor_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o whiteish_a matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o union_n of_o many_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o oil_n which_o be_v most_o dispose_v to_o combine_v title_n xiii_o of_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o the_o air._n to_o try_v whether_o the_o air_n will_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n after_o distillation_n as_o it_o evident_o have_v on_o the_o blood_n before_o i_o spread_v thin_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a paper_n some_o small_a file_n of_o copper_n and_o wet_v they_o well_o without_o cover_v they_o quite_o over_o with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o blood_n by_o that_o mean_v they_o be_v well_o expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n the_o action_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v so_o much_o promote_v that_o within_o a_o minute_n or_o two_o it_o do_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a acquire_v a_o blueish_a colour_n and_o in_o few_o minute_n than_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v that_o colour_n be_v so_o heighten_v as_o to_o become_v ceruleous_a but_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o file_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n the_o intercourse_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exclude_v the_o liquor_n will_v not_o in_o some_o hour_n acquire_v so_o deep_a a_o colour_n have_v in_o a_o clear_a cylindrical_a vial_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n put_v more_o file_n of_o copper_n than_o be_v requisite_a to_o cover_v the_o bottom_n and_o pour_v so_o much_o spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o they_o as_o wrought_v about_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o they_o it_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n acquire_v a_o rich_a colour_n which_o after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o begin_v to_o grow_v more_o faint_a and_o afterward_o gradual_o decline_v till_o it_o be_v almost_o lose_v yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v not_o altogether_o limpid_a or_o colourless_a as_o i_o have_v often_o have_v it_o with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a and_o these_o remain_v of_o blueishness_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n with_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o liquor_n and_o though_o i_o think_v it_o not_o impossible_a but_o that_o length_n of_o time_n may_v destroy_v its_o blueishness_n yet_o unstop_v the_o vessel_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o two_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n where_o it_o touch_v the_o fresh_a air_n become_v ceruleous_a and_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o liquor_n have_v attain_v a_o deep_a colour_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sky_n which_o colour_n grow_v sensible_o pale_a again_o when_o the_o vial_n be_v stop_v but_o one_o thing_n i_o must_v add_v be_v that_o i_o have_v find_v the_o experiment_n to_o succeed_v with_o some_o analogy_n when_o another_o volatile_a spirit_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o air_n produce_v a_o green_a and_o not_o a_o ceruleous_a colour_n which_o make_v i_o suspend_v my_o judgement_n till_o satisfy_v by_o further_a experience_n whether_o the_o event_n of_o the_o former_a trial_n depend_v on_o any_o affinity_n of_o the_o spirit_n with_o blood_n or_o not_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o parcel_n of_o
spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la byliano_fw-it when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o it_o afford_v few_o and_o less_o bubble_n than_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o common_a water_n title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o hostility_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n with_o acid_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o liquor_n or_o fume_n it_o exercise_v its_o hostility_n against_o more_o than_o one_o sort_n of_o acid_n spirit_n as_o spirit_z of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o not_o only_o against_o facitious_a but_o natural_a one_o as_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o which_o there_o present_o ensue_v a_o great_a commotion_n with_o noise_n but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o hostility_n evident_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o these_o liquor_n but_o also_o their_o effluvia_fw-la for_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n of_o nitre_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vial_n somewhat_o wide_o mouth_v and_o spirit_n of_o blood_n rectify_v into_o another_o when_o these_o liquor_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o another_o their_o invisible_a emanation_n join_v together_o will_v form_v a_o manifest_a smoke_n some_o pure_a volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v just_o satiate_v with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n we_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o superfluous_a moisture_n which_o be_v do_v we_o take_v the_o compound_a crystal_n which_o the_o mixture_n afford_v and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o slender_a and_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o then_o add_v to_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o as_o much_o distil_a water_n as_o make_v the_o mixture_n liquid_a enough_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n detain_v the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n ascend_v in_o a_o dry_a form_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o nitre_n be_v mix_v together_o there_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n in_o which_o thick_a white_a fume_n rise_v plentiful_o and_o circulate_v in_o the_o vessel_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o a_o white_a stream_n until_o the_o fume_n cease_v to_o rise_v again_o the_o mixture_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n appear_v red_a be_v settle_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v so_o discolour_v by_o a_o fattish_a substance_n we_o put_v to_o it_o a_o little_a rain_n water_n and_o have_v by_o filtration_n separate_v the_o faeces_fw-la and_o slow_o evaporate_v the_o thus_o clarify_a liquor_n the_o saline_a part_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n but_o after_o a_o while_n seem_v yellow_a as_o if_o tinged_a with_o the_o oil_n n._n though_o on_o several_a occasion_n the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n appear_v oily_a yet_o i_o not_o long_o since_o dissolve_v another_o parcel_n of_o blood_n who_o liquor_n be_v clear_a and_o limpid_a a_o year_n after_o some_o of_o the_o before_o mention_v crystal_n be_v put_v upon_o well_o kindle_v charcoal_n present_o melt_v and_o burn_v away_o like_o salt-petre_n but_o the_o flame_n seem_v not_o so_o halituous_a and_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o blue_a but_o yellow_a and_o after_o the_o deflagration_n cease_v there_o remain_v upon_o the_o coal_n a_o lump_n of_o dirty_a colour_a matter_n which_o have_v scarce_o any_o taste_n nor_o be_v that_o little_a it_o have_v alkalious_a this_o brittle_a substance_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n become_v red_a hot_a without_o any_o sensible_a imminution_n and_o so_o it_o do_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n title_n xv._o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n outward_o apply_v since_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o acid_n substance_n except_o in_o the_o pancreatic_a juice_n of_o a_o sound_a person_n and_o since_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o blood_n do_v much_o resemble_v sea-salt_n whether_o its_o spirit_n be_v acid_n or_o no_o and_o since_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whether_o solid_a or_o liquid_a afford_v a_o liquor_n impregnate_v with_o store_n of_o volatile_a salt_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n in_o several_a disease_n even_o when_o external_o apply_v and_o that_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o assist_v several_a people_n in_o apoplexy_n epilepsy_n etc._n etc._n when_o apply_v to_o or_o put_v up_o the_o nostril_n it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o several_a learned_a and_o able_a physician_n and_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o prepare_v a_o volatile_a salt_n sublime_v from_o a_o compound_n salt_n obtain_v from_o spirit_n of_o blood_n satiate_v with_o nitre_n and_o for_o a_o like_a purpose_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o liquid_a form_n we_o mix_v two_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n with_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o pretty_a strong_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o spirit_n unaccompany_v with_o any_o volatile_a salt_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o this_o spirit_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a taste_n and_o smell_v before_o rectification_n than_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n prepare_v another_o way_n have_v after_o rectification_n and_o have_v we_o make_v use_v of_o more_o lime_n i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v obtain_v a_o more_o pierce_a spirit_n since_o it_o will_v have_v retain_v more_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o find_v headache_n cure_v by_o the_o separate_a application_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n which_o be_v likewise_o good_a in_o hysterick_n and_o hypochondriacal_a case_n and_o in_o faint_a fit_n and_o if_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o make_v it_o too_o nauseous_a that_o may_v be_v correct_v according_a to_o the_o method_n already_o lay_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n be_v dissolve_v in_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n if_o that_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n it_o will_v give_v it_o a_o very_a grateful_a and_o odoriferous_a smell_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o medicine_n make_v of_o amber_n have_v be_v find_v successful_a not_o only_o in_o convulsion_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v prove_v successful_a enough_o in_o disease_n both_o of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o this_o tincture_n may_v not_o inconvenient_o or_o unsuccessful_o be_v add_v to_o correct_v the_o odour_n and_o increase_v the_o virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o though_o oil_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o mix_v ready_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v shake_v together_o and_o left_a to_o settle_v at_o leisure_n though_o they_o settle_v in_o distinct_a mass_n yet_o the_o spirit_n will_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a extract_n a_o high_a and_o a_o yellow_a tincture_n little_a different_a from_o the_o oil_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n till_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o amber_n be_v predominant_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a use_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o oil_n in_o these_o mixture_n shall_v be_v too_o much_o predominant_a it_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v by_o run_v it_o through_o a_o tunnel_n who_o orifice_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v form_v so_o small_a and_o sharp_a as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o run_v off_o first_o which_o may_v when_o thus_o separate_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n and_o since_o if_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n be_v sufficient_o rectify_v there_o will_v by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o the_o saline_n and_o urinous_a part_n be_v produce_v a_o kind_n of_o salt_n you_o may_v either_o pour_v the_o liquid_a part_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o then_o use_v they_o separate_v or_o else_o separate_v the_o salt_n by_o sublimation_n in_o a_o dry_a form_n and_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n thus_o separate_v will_v have_v a_o fragrant_a brisk_a and_o pierce_a odour_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o its_o scent_n but_o it_o may_v be_v good_a likewise_o when_o use_v as_o a_o fomentation_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v effectual_a in_o remove_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n and_o in_o the_o erisipelas_n and_o since_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o alkalizate_a nature_n it_o may_v be_v good_a to_o correct_v acidity_n it_o may_v be_v for_o that_o purpose_n make_v use_v of_o both_o by_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n inward_o use_v i_o have_v be_v