to_o be_v three_o fathom_n or_o eightteen_n foot_n above_o the_o harlem_n mere_a and_o the_o adjacent_a land_n which_o they_o defend_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o every_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n be_v 76_o lb._n 9_o ℥_o ½_o and_o 48_o gr_n this_o multiply_v by_o 18_o f._n the_o perpendicular_a height_n will_v amount_v to_o 1381_o ½_o lb_n ℥_o 1._o g._n 384._o which_o be_v the_o weight_n or_o lateral_a pressure_n that_o lie_v on_o a_o square_a foot_n at_o the_o bottom_n which_o a_o rampart_n of_o earth_n make_v strong_a for_o the_o purpose_n and_o 100_o foot_n thick_a may_v be_v well_o allow_v able_a to_o support_v it_o be_v true_a this_o computation_n be_v make_v for_o fresh_a water_n but_o the_o addition_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o sea-water_n which_o be_v about_o 1_o lb_n of_o salt_n to_o 41_o lb_n of_o water_n will_v not_o so_o much_o alter_v the_o reckon_a for_o my_o part_n as_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a so_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o despicable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n be_v less_o than_o the_o perpendicular_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o only_a that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n to_o descend_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o a_o incline_v one_o but_o suppose_v that_o some_o part_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n suffer_v a_o pressure_n equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a pressure_n as_o be_v these_o which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o which_o those_o incline_v one_o will_v end_v which_o have_v the_o same_o depth_n with_o the_o whole_a water_n yet_o in_o other_o part_n the_o lateral_a pressure_n can_v be_v admit_v so_o great_a the_o author_n here_o seem_v like_o one_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o the_o truth_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o have_v get_v it_o between_o his_o hand_n he_o let_v it_o slip_v for_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n by_o incline_v line_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n equal_a to_o the_o pressure_n by_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o same_o in_o the_o intermedial_a part_n indeed_o the_o pressure_n by_o incline_v line_n in_o the_o intermedial_a part_n be_v not_o equal_a to_o that_o perpendicular_a pressure_n which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o perpendicular_a pressure_n which_o be_v on_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n which_o may_v be_v make_v evident_a thus_o take_v a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o they_o use_v for_o baroscope_n but_o open_a at_o both_o end_n a_o b_o stop_v the_o upper_a end_n a_o with_o your_o finger_n and_o so_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n e_o f_o g_o h_o fill_v with_o water_n to_o m_o l_o incline_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o horizontal_n surface_n i_o k_o and_o then_o take_v your_o finger_n off_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v by_o the_o pressure_n at_o the_o orifice_n b_o till_o it_o have_v come_v to_o the_o surface_n m_o l_o which_o be_v the_o same_o height_n it_o will_v have_v come_v to_o if_o the_o pipe_n have_v be_v perpendicular_a as_o in_o c_o d._n farther_n suppose_v a_o pipe_n bend_a in_o the_o end_n at_o the_o right_a angle_n p_o q_o immerse_v to_o the_o same_o surface_n i_o k_o as_o before_o upon_o take_v away_o your_o finger_n form_n p_o it_o will_v rise_v up_o as_o high_a as_o before_o to_o the_o surface_n m_o l_o now_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o that_o consider_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o the_o pressure_n at_o q_o be_v lateral_a and_o as_o forcible_a as_o if_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a this_o may_v be_v make_v more_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o put_v oil_n into_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n show_v in_o his_o paradoxa_fw-la hydrostatica_fw-la paradox_n 7._o and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v so_o little_a of_o as_o becherus_n say_v for_o see_v the_o side_n of_o vessel_n be_v no_o small_a hindrance_n to_o the_o fluid_a that_o it_o descend_v not_o the_o force_n which_o the_o fluid_fw-la exerces_fw-la on_o the_o side_n can_v be_v small_a see_v then_o as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v crowd_v on_o one_o another_o as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o press_n it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o modern_n from_o this_o do_v fetch_v a_o solution_n of_o that_o old_a yet_o difficult_a problem_n which_o have_v weary_v subtle_a wit_n why_o a_o diver_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o incumbent_a water_n they_o common_o say_v that_o it_o happen_v because_o the_o diver_n be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o water_n under_o he_o and_o on_o the_o side_n the_o part_n of_o his_o body_n be_v press_v with_o the_o same_o force_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v drive_v inward_a see_v all_o be_v full_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o the_o luxation_n of_o a_o member_n or_o painful_a compression_n yet_o the_o most_o ingenious_a mr._n boyle_n think_v the_o difficulty_n be_v not_o answer_v enough_o for_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la there_o follow_v no_o luxation_n yet_o there_o appear_v no_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v no_o pain_n feel_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o part_v one_o against_o another_o wherefore_o the_o same_o author_n recur_v to_o the_o strong_a texture_n of_o the_o animal_n which_o can_v resist_v the_o pressure_n it_o may_v be_v solve_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o all_o animal_n juice_n which_o two_o together_o keep_v distend_v and_o full_a the_o fibre_n which_o be_v tubulous_a as_o sir_n edmund_n king_n have_v very_o ingenious_o discover_v long_o ago_o and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n that_o this_o air_n be_v force_v into_o less_o compass_n the_o side_n of_o the_o fibre_n come_v close_o together_o which_o cause_v no_o more_o pain_n to_o the_o fibre_n than_o the_o bladder_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o very_a sensible_a part_n suffer_v upon_o its_o be_v contract_v when_o the_o urine_n be_v expel_v if_o it_o be_v not_o rashness_n to_o think_v any_o thing_n can_v be_v add_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o most_o famous_a man_n i_o will_v say_v that_o see_v the_o body_n of_o a_o live_a man_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n though_o not_o much_o and_o therefore_o be_v more_o press_v by_o the_o collateral_a water_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o archimedes_n the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o diver_n be_v that_o be_v less_o press_v aught_o to_o be_v lift_v up_o and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o feel_v no_o pressure_n but_o because_o the_o diver_n under_o water_n may_v be_v diverse_o consider_v either_o as_o he_o descend_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o ascend_v by_o it_o or_o be_v move_v by_o incline_v line_n or_o as_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o stick_v on_o a_o rock_n he_o remain_v immovable_a in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n he_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n i_o have_v learn_v from_o a_o skilful_a diver_n that_o when_o a_o swimmer_n will_v descend_v perpendicular_o and_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o a_o straight_a posture_n he_o drive_v the_o water_n upward_o with_o his_o hand_n as_o with_o oar_n and_o when_o he_o will_v rise_v again_o drive_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o return_v the_o same_o way_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o as_o be_v unskilful_a in_o swim_v when_o they_o strike_v the_o water_n contrary_a way_n be_v stifle_v it_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o effect_n have_v never_o see_v they_o in_o any_o author_n though_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o delian_a swimmer_n here_o as_o they_o say_v i_o think_v then_o that_o when_o a_o swimmer_n drive_v the_o superincumbent_a water_n with_o his_o hand_n upward_o he_o therefore_o descend_v because_o such_o a_o syphon_n be_v so_o smite_v be_v less_o press_v and_o therefore_o be_v lift_v up_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v in_o which_o the_o swimmer_n be_v just_a as_o in_o a_o scale_n suspend_v and_o put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n be_v hit_v below_o that_o will_v be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o other_o of_o necessity_n will_v descend_v therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o swimmer_n be_v put_v in_o the_o pillar_n that_o be_v more_o press_v will_v of_o necessity_n descend_v but_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o do_v this_o with_o both_o hand_n he_o make_v his_o descent_n more_o easy_a but_o when_o he_o will_v rise_v perpendicular_o and_o in_o a_o straight_a
in_o which_o even_o when_o much_o be_v do_v the_o age_n follow_v will_v find_v something_o more_o to_o do_v see_v then_o according_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o water_n of_o this_o hide_a source_n be_v movable_a and_o run_a and_o withal_o ascend_v on_o high_a because_o as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o they_o go_v out_o and_o fall_v into_o a_o gulf_n be_v straighten_a and_o see_v the_o ascent_n into_o these_o well_n be_v constant_a and_o perpetual_a nor_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o their_o cistern_n because_o this_o cistern_n be_v suppose_v by_o we_o to_o be_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o near_a apennine_a mountain_n and_o high_a by_o far_a than_o the_o elevation_n of_o these_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_n to_o the_o top_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unprosftable_a nor_o unpleasant_a if_o i_o endeavour_v to_o shadow_v out_o if_o not_o exact_o to_o describe_v such_o a_o proportion_n suppose_v then_o there_o be_v a_o vessel_n abc_n full_a of_o water_n to_o which_o a_o pipe_n de_fw-fr be_v fasten_v in_o a_o horizontal_n line_n and_o who_o orifice_n be_v half_o shut_v so_o that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o flow_v with_o a_o full_a stream_n let_v there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f_o another_o glass_n pipe_n he_o insert_v perpendicular_o therefore_o grant_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o water_n i_o say_v that_o the_o water_n will_v be_v lift_v in_o the_o middle_a pipe_n he_o to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v of_o eight_o part_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n he_o shall_v be_v of_o six_o part_n and_o such_o a_o proportion_n will_v answer_v to_o any_o division_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f._n for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o f_o be_v whole_o shut_v so_o that_o no_o water_n run_v down_o none_o be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n he_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n must_v place_v its_o self_n in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n with_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n to_o which_o effect_n two_o thing_n doubtless_o concur_v with_o equal_a force_n to_o wit_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o obstacle_n that_o whole_o obstruct_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o pipe_n which_o stop_n be_v eqvivalent_a to_o a_o power_n press_v with_o equal_a force_n against_o the_o water_n stagnate_v in_o the_o vessel_n if_o then_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v a_o produce_v arise_v from_o two_o cause_n equal_o work_v to_o wit_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o stop_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o same_o pipe_n d_o f_o shall_v only_o be_v stop_v in_o part_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o intermedial_a pipe_n h_n i_o whatever_o it_o be_v will_v be_v a_o product_n of_o the_o same_o pressure_n as_o in_o the_o first_o case_n and_o the_o virtual_a pressure_n of_o the_o stop_n but_o work_v unequal_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n that_o press_v it_o to_o flow_v out_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o energy_n as_o before_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o force_n of_o the_o stop_n be_v remove_v the_o water_n can_v be_v lift_v up_o so_o high_a in_o the_o pipe_n erect_v perpendicular_o as_o to_o reach_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n but_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v under_o it_o so_o that_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o supposition_n eight_o foot_n and_o operate_v with_o such_o a_o pressure_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o height_n but_o the_o stop_n shall_v not_o act_v but_o half_a i._n e._n as_o four_o these_o two_o work_v together_o and_o make_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n there_o can_v but_o happen_v a_o effect_n which_o be_v between_o these_o two_o agent_n as_o 6_o be_v between_o 8_o and_o 4_o i_o e._n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o suppose_a case_n the_o water_n will_v be_v only_o raise_v in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n h_n i_o to_o 6_o part_n which_o elevation_n be_v half_a the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o stop_n this_o be_v my_o reason_v before_o i_o try_v whether_o the_o thing_n agree_v to_o it_o which_o i_o do_v by_o insert_v a_o wooden_a and_o square_a pipe_n into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n as_o in_o fig._n 3._o and_o fit_v a_o glass_n pipe_v divide_v into_o 8_o part_n and_o erect_v perpendicular_o to_o the_o same_o pipe_n then_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o pipe_n which_o may_v only_o obstruct_v the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o let_v the_o water_n run_v out_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n do_v rise_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n to_o wit_n as_o 6_o to_z 8_o yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n do_v not_o so_o exact_o answer_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a obstacle_n put_v to_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n because_o perhaps_o of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o fit_v divers_a door_n to_o the_o orifice_n and_o because_o of_o the_o undulation_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n from_o the_o impetus_fw-la where_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o go_v out_o have_v therefore_o communicate_v these_o my_o observation_n to_o the_o most_o famous_a bocchabadatus_fw-la mathematician_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o my_o intimate_a friend_n from_o our_o childhood_n for_o i_o always_o think_v it_o the_o part_n of_o a_o ingenuous_a man_n that_o i_o may_v use_v pliny_n word_n to_o confess_v by_o who_o i_o have_v profit_v he_o prompt_v i_o with_o a_o method_n by_o which_o i_o may_v obtain_v my_o desire_n when_o therefore_o he_o think_v that_o the_o diversity_n of_o stop_v may_v be_v supply_v if_o to_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n shall_v come_v out_o another_o straight_a pipe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n be_v set_v but_o with_o a_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cistern_n i_o make_v trial_n and_o the_o thing_n succeed_v according_a to_o my_o desire_n so_o in_o fig._n 4._o suppose_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n to_o be_v of_o 8_o part_n and_o the_o pipe_n mn_v to_o be_v only_o of_o 4_o part_n by_o which_o mean_n it_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o obstacle_n that_o take_v up_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o aperture_n let_v the_o water_n run_v out_o and_o the_o vessel_n always_o remain_v full_a the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n hg_v appear_v suspend_v in_o e_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 6_o part_n which_o be_v half_a the_o sum_n of_o 8_o and_o 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o obex_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n in_o fig._n 5._o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v of_o the_o height_n of_o 6_o part_n the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n e_o f_o be_v see_v to_o rise_v to_o saint_n to_o wit_n to_o 7_o part_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v as_o in_o fig._n 6._o when_o the_o pipe_n e_o h_n pour_v forth_o the_o water_n be_v of_o â—_o part_n i._n e._n equivalent_a to_o a_o obstacle_n stop_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o orifice_n for_o in_o the_o glass_n pipe_v the_o water_n stand_v in_o t_o i._n e._n in_o part_n 5._o and_o that_o as_o exact_o as_o physical_a experiment_n will_v admit_v as_o every_o one_o may_v easy_o try_v i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o other_o case_n therefore_o reason_n and_o experience_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o a_o middle_n arithmetical_a proportion_n between_o the_o force_n of_o the_o obstacle_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cistern_n while_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o divert_v myself_o in_o make_v various_a hydrostatical_a experiment_n in_o the_o dog-day_n i_o happen_v to_o make_v a_o very_a curious_a observation_n to_o wit_n that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o same_o horizontal_n pipe_n be_v insert_v into_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o perpendicular_a pipe_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o situation_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n in_o one_o and_o the_o other_o as_o in_o fig._n 7._o let_v the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v full_a of_o water_n the_o pipe_n d_o h_n
and_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o pregnant_a instance_n vid._n brit._n bac._n p._n 73._o where_o it_o be_v relate_v that_o the_o earth_n rise_v nine_o foot_n high_a and_o be_v throw_v some_o distance_n off_o which_o sure_o be_v from_o a_o exhalation_n or_o wind_n pent_v in_o and_o sudden_o expanded_a 5._o we_o may_v allow_v also_o that_o there_o be_v mountain_n in_o the_o beginning_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v plain_a by_o psal._n 90._o 2._o in_o which_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o mountain_n be_v mention_v as_o coaeval_fw-fr and_o therefore_o be_v call_v everlasting_a mountain_n gen._n 49._o 26._o this_o may_v be_v by_o good_a consequence_n also_o infer_v from_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o gen._n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v river_n one_o of_o which_o viz._n euphrates_n be_v to_o this_o day_n know_v by_o the_o name_n that_o it_o have_v then_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o river_n have_v the_o 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enclose_v in_o the_o â—owels_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v as_o it_o happen_v in_o our_o experiment_n imagine_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v dislodge_a and_o so_o come_v out_o to_o overflow_v the_o earth_n by_o which_o we_o may_v interpret_v the_o open_n of_o the_o great_a depth_n and_o this_o at_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o abyss_n and_o ocean_n do_v communicate_v which_o so_o swell_v by_o degree_n till_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v cover_v further_n we_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o antediluvian_n air_n be_v infect_v with_o the_o mineral_n seam_n and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n compose_v of_o they_o may_v occasion_v that_o shorten_n of_o man_n life_n which_o happen_v quick_o after_o the_o deluge_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o so_o visible_o affect_v the_o strong_a constitution_n of_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n may_v lay_v such_o a_o foundation_n of_o infirmity_n in_o their_o posterity_n as_o may_v in_o moses_n day_n shorten_v their_o life_n to_o 70_o or_o 80_o year_n we_o may_v suppose_v likewise_o that_o as_o in_o our_o experiment_n when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o effervescence_n be_v over_o the_o water_n fall_v in_o the_o great_a pipe_n and_o rise_v in_o the_o short_a so_o when_o this_o ebullition_n be_v over_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n return_v by_o degree_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o bound_n set_v to_o it_o by_o god_n as_o in_o psal._n 104._o 6._o thou_o covere_v it_o with_o the_o deep_a as_o with_o a_o garment_n the_o water_n stand_v above_o the_o mountain_n ver_fw-la 7._o at_o thy_o rebuke_n they_o flee_v at_o the_o voice_n of_o thy_o thunder_n they_o haste_v away_o ver_fw-la 8._o they_o go_v up_o by_o the_o mountain_n they_o go_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n unto_o the_o place_n which_o thou_o have_v found_v for_o they_o ver_fw-la 9_o thou_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v that_o they_o may_v not_o pass_v over_o that_o they_o turn_v not_o again_o to_o cover_v the_o earth_n one_o may_v represent_v the_o whole_a of_o this_o to_o the_o eye_n thus_o let_v there_o be_v a_o round_a ball_n to_o represent_v the_o earth_n with_o a_o hole_n at_o the_o end_n stand_v for_o the_o north_n pole_n at_o a_o which_o kircher_n suppose_v the_o ocean_n to_o circulate_v through_o the_o earth_n of_o glass_n f_o f_o f_o full_a of_o rise_n to_o represent_v the_o mountain_n b_o b_o b_o let_v the_o ball_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o at_o the_o hole_n insert_v a_o pipe_n g_o g_o g_o which_o cement_n to_o the_o neck_n throw_v in_o by_o this_o pipe_n some_o file_n of_o steel_n after_o which_o some_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o keep_v the_o ball_n incline_v so_o that_o the_o steam_n arise_v may_v not_o get_v out_o at_o the_o hole_n but_o be_v pent_v in_o may_v drive_v out_o the_o water_n at_o the_o pipe_n which_o if_o the_o ball_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v over_o flow_v all_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o cover_v the_o mountain_n of_o it_o but_o this_o be_v want_v we_o may_v imagine_v another_o glass_n c_o c_o c_o divide_v in_o two_o as_o you_o see_v so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v cement_v together_o when_o the_o other_o glass_n ball_n be_v enclose_v all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o g_o g_o g_o will_n overflow_v the_o hill_n b_o b_o b_o etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o my_o hypothesis_n which_o if_o furnish_v with_o a_o good_a library_n with_o large_a index_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v swell_v into_o a_o volume_n big_a enough_o to_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o theory_n among_o which_o i_o may_v perhaps_o find_v even_o in_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o fiddler_n orpheus_n himself_o so_o much_o esteem_v by_o our_o theorist_n or_o at_o least_o among_o the_o other_o placita_fw-la philosophorum_n enough_o to_o favour_v it_o sed_fw-la non_fw-la equidem_fw-la hoc_fw-la stude_fw-la o_fw-la bullatis_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la nugis_fw-la pagina_fw-la turgescat_fw-la dare_v pondus_fw-la idonea_fw-la fumo_fw-la and_o with_o this_o i_o leave_v the_o theory_n at_o present_a hasten_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o perpetual_a lamp_n there_o have_v be_v much_o write_v of_o perpetual_a lamp_n say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o bury_v place_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n which_o at_o first_o seem_v past_o all_o belief_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v that_o a_o lamp_n shall_v have_v fuel_n for_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n to_o maintain_v it_o in_o life_n and_o if_o it_o have_v fuel_n how_o can_v it_o in_o those_o close_a vault_n escape_v be_v suffocate_v in_o its_o own_o smoke_n i_o believe_v that_o the_o appear_v of_o some_o light_n by_o the_o workmen_n tool_n hit_v against_o some_o hard_a stone_n or_o brick_n in_o the_o dark_a and_o so_o strike_v fire_n may_v give_v rise_v to_o the_o first_o report_n which_o fame_n that_o never_o lose_v by_o go_v have_v increase_v almost_o to_o a_o miracle_n for_o they_o say_v of_o 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the_o blood_n as_o he_o say_v as_o for_o the_o smell_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v the_o smell_n of_o musk_n that_o rather_o it_o stink_v of_o a_o empyreuma_n and_o as_o for_o its_o use_n in_o physic_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v the_o promise_a effect_n that_o i_o have_v know_v it_o give_v from_o three_o to_o sixty_o drop_n without_o any_o visible_a effect_n and_o also_o that_o a_o woman_n to_o who_o a_o hundred_o drop_n be_v give_v in_o a_o venerial_a distemper_n have_v such_o prick_a pain_n all_o over_o the_o body_n follow_v as_o can_v hardly_o be_v remove_v again_o yet_o this_o with_o all_o its_o mistake_v have_v a_o famous_a plagiary_n in_o town_n copy_v out_o in_o a_o book_n call_v the_o lond._n dispen_v this_o man_n it_o seem_v have_v no_o regard_n to_o what_o he_o write_v so_o he_o make_v a_o bulky_a book_n i_o can_v instance_n many_o case_n in_o which_o this_o rhapsodist_n have_v thus_o without_o any_o judgement_n play_v the_o plagiary_n if_o time_n will_v 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observe_v nothing_o but_o its_o outward_a side_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o more_o beautiful_a thing_n that_o be_v hide_v and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v grieve_v for_o there_o be_v no_o way_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v know_v for_o although_o the_o miner_n have_v go_v down_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o fathom_n yet_o they_o have_v never_o go_v much_o deep_a than_o half_a a_o mile_n which_o by_o agricola_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o great_a depth_n of_o the_o mine_n but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o seem_v diameter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 3600_o mile_n wherefore_o to_o tell_v the_o truth_n we_o know_v the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n only_o superficial_o and_o not_o within_o yet_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o judge_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o sluggish_a nor_o unshape_o body_n nor_o yet_o that_o all_o its_o dignity_n be_v place_v in_o its_o outward_a surface_n as_o in_o statue_n but_o that_o its_o more_o 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covetousness_n of_o man_n have_v dig_v for_o metal_n or_o necessity_n have_v put_v they_o on_o for_o find_v vein_n of_o water_n and_o see_v that_o in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o frequent_a dig_v of_o well_n to_o a_o notable_a depth_n as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v in_o a_o very_a plain_a place_n and_o remote_a from_o mountain_n from_o which_o a_o wonderful_a spring_n of_o water_n rise_v i_o think_v good_a therefore_o to_o examine_v these_o secret_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o communicate_v to_o the_o professor_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o they_o and_o my_o thought_n threupon_o see_v none_o have_v write_v of_o these_o thing_n express_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o idle_a man_n will_v speak_v ill_a of_o i_o and_o other_o will_v not_o be_v want_v who_o will_v accuse_v i_o as_o have_v spend_v may_v time_n about_o a_o thing_n of_o no_o moment_n but_o that_o do_v little_o disquiet_v i_o see_v i_o have_v the_o example_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a who_o have_v be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o most_o minute_n thing_n of_o who_o virgil_n say_v in_o tenui_fw-la labour_n at_o tenuis_fw-la non_fw-la gloria_fw-la but_o i_o can_v answer_v such_o man_n with_o the_o word_n of_o seneca_n treat_v of_o natural_a philosophy_n you_o will_v say_v what_o profit_n be_v there_o in_o these_o thing_n no_o great_a can_v be_v to_o know_v nature_n neither_o have_v the_o treat_v of_o this_o subject_a any_o thing_n more_o beautiful_a see_v it_o contain_v many_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v useful_a than_o that_o its_o greatness_n take_v up_o a_o man_n nor_o be_v it_o follow_v for_o profit_n but_o for_o its_o wonderfulness_n of_o the_o wonderful_a source_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o modena_n chap._n 1._o the_o structure_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v describe_v and_o
high_a hill_n and_o that_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o stream_n run_v swift_o and_o with_o great_a noise_n although_o all_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a and_o obvious_a to_o the_o sense_n yet_o the_o further_a progress_n of_o these_o water_n may_v in_o our_o case_n consist_v with_o the_o rise_n in_o these_o well_n which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o same_o first_o figure_n for_o if_o you_o put_v your_o finger_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n d_o yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stop_v it_o altogether_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v out_o on_o high_a at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o hole_n e_o f_o g_o and_o flow_v down_o by_o the_o slit_v h_n and_o withal_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o one_o action_n not_o hinder_v the_o other_o and_o so_o according_a as_o there_o be_v more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n stop_v with_o your_o finger_n more_o or_o less_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o say_v holes_n but_o it_o will_v never_o be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n it_o will_v be_v if_o the_o mouth_n be_v quite_o stop_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o disagree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n if_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n be_v run_v and_o go_v further_o that_o at_o the_o fame_n time_n they_o shall_v be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 68_o foot_n in_o the_o well_n yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exceed_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cistern_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v because_o the_o passage_n at_o which_o they_o flow_v out_o be_v not_o large_a enough_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o some_o account_v be_v give_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n observe_v hither_o to_o by_o none_o that_o i_o know_v see_v there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o philosophy_n more_o curious_a yet_o less_o cultivate_v than_o hydrostaticks_n first_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o water_n while_o it_o have_v a_o free_a course_n and_o passage_n through_o the_o wide_a mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n do_v not_o run_v also_o at_o the_o holes_n yea_o 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to_o run_v out_o the_o passage_n be_v straighten_a by_o apply_v the_o finger_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n some_o of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o can_v overcome_v the_o obstacle_n seek_v a_o passage_n to_o itself_o where_o it_o can_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o less_o the_o water_n run_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n with_o the_o great_a force_n it_o run_v out_o at_o these_o holes_n but_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v abate_v and_o the_o vessel_n be_v almost_o empty_a none_o run_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o what_o remain_v run_v slow_o through_o the_o slit_v be_v the_o short_a way_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o direct_a pressure_n must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o horizontal_n surface_n it_o rest_v on_o and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n for_o example_n in_o a_o vessel_n constitute_v in_o a_o horizontal_n plain_n any_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n that_o can_v be_v assign_v may_v be_v a_o base_a to_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o in_o the_o forego_n figure_n when_o it_o flow_v free_o through_o the_o pipe_n c_o d_o it_o be_v press_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o have_v the_o same_o base_a with_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n cd_o which_o pillar_n of_o water_n force_v itself_o by_o a_o lateral_a pressure_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o so_o to_o run_v out_o by_o the_o force_n of_o which_o pressure_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n run_v out_o by_o this_o imaginary_a pillar_n many_o thing_n be_v say_v of_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n by_o hydrostatical_a writer_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o under_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v press_v by_o those_o that_o be_v under_o moreover_o they_o be_v press_v side_n way_n by_o one_o another_o which_o diversity_n of_o pressure_n they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o several_a experiment_n and_o in_o effect_n every_o one_o may_v experience_n this_o lateral_a pressure_n in_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o watery_a up_o to_o the_o neck_n for_o he_o will_v feel_v a_o pressure_n on_o every_o side_n and_o some_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v which_o yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o another_o cause_n for_o when_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v necessary_a to_o respiration_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o perform_v in_o the_o water_n element_n as_o in_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o grossness_n for_o as_o fish_n need_v a_o great_a force_n for_o swim_v than_o bird_n for_o fly_v 215._o as_o borellus_n demonstrate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o grosser_n body_n of_o the_o water_n which_o must_v be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o circulate_v into_o that_o left_a by_o the_o fish_n so_o a_o man_n sink_v in_o the_o water_n up_o to_o the_o neck_n needs_o a_o great_a force_n for_o open_v his_o chest_n than_o if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o air._n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o inspiration_n in_o the_o water_n be_v more_o difficult_a than_o expiration_n this_o happen_v only_o because_o the_o pressure_n be_v unequal_a for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n and_o water_n on_o the_o chest_n without_o exceed_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n within_o the_o chest_n that_o be_v only_o of_o air_n so_o much_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o chest_n exceed_v the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n within_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o water_n about_o the_o chest_n for_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n and_o not_o the_o grossness_n of_o their_o pillar_n as_o be_v plain_a in_o syphon_n in_o who_o leg_n though_o of_o different_a thickness_n the_o liquor_n rise_v but_o to_o the_o same_o horizonal_a height_n likewise_o all_o do_v agree_v that_o not_o only_o the_o bottom_n but_o also_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v press_v which_o pressure_n some_o say_n be_v considerable_a but_o other_o not_o tho._n cornelius_n think_v it_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a pressure_n for_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o press_v by_o incline_v line_n and_o that_o a_o body_n slide_v down_o by_o incline_v line_n acquire_v as_o great_a a_o velocity_n as_o if_o it_o fall_v down_o by_o a_o perpendicular_a equal_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o plain_a he_o think_v the_o lateral_a pressure_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n becher_n in_o his_o physica_fw-la subterranea_fw-la say_v that_o the_o water_n press_v direct_o on_o the_o bottom_n but_o far_o less_o on_o the_o side_n which_o conjecture_n he_o ground_n on_o this_o that_o the_o little_a rampart_n of_o earth_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o that_o it_o overflow_v not_o the_o adjacent_a field_n yea_o he_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o out_o by_o a_o mechanical_a experiment_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v only_o upward_a and_o downward_o if_o mr._n becher_n have_v consider_v that_o hydrostatical_a axiom_n viz._n that_o fluids_n press_n only_o according_a to_o their_o perpendicular_a altitude_n he_o will_v not_o have_v be_v fright_v by_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n at_o amsterdam_n from_o own_v so_o evident_a a_o hydrostatical_a truth_n as_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o fluids_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a for_o suppose_v the_o bank_n there_o
some_o alteration_n shall_v appear_v in_o these_o fountain_n but_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n which_o divide_v the_o impure_a from_o the_o most_o pure_a water_n as_o most_o strong_a fence_n do_v hinder_v the_o rain_n water_n from_o be_v mix_v with_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n and_o plato_n think_v 8._o that_o a_o clayie_a ground_n be_v the_o last_o bound_n of_o dig_v in_o the_o search_n of_o well-water_n oblige_v every_o one_o to_o dig_v to_o the_o chalk_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o water_n find_v in_o that_o depth_n he_o suffer_v as_o much_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o neighbour_n as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o to_o which_o pliny_n subscribe_v say_v that_o when_o potter_n clay_n appear_v there_o be_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o get_v water_n nor_o need_v man_n dig_v long_o which_o yet_o agree_v not_o with_o what_o be_v observe_v here_o as_o i_o have_v deduce_v the_o original_a of_o this_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n so_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o many_o fountain_n owe_v their_o original_n to_o rain_n and_o melt_a snow_n yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o fountain_n which_o have_v their_o spring_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o hide_a passage_n continue_v perpetual_a but_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o shower_n and_o temporary_a spring_n at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v diminish_v and_o quite_o dry_v up_o as_o happen_v in_o great_a drought_n such_o as_o baccius_n mention_n to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la 1556._o in_o which_o not_o only_o all_o the_o fountain_n but_o also_o great_a river_n dry_v up_o the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n do_v experience_n such_o a_o season_n almost_o for_o two_o year_n together_o viz._n in_o 1687._o and_o 88_o in_o which_o time_n the_o land_n be_v unpleasant_a because_o of_o the_o drought_n and_o well_n be_v dig_v in_o other_o place_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n yet_o little_a alteration_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o these_o our_o fountain_n nor_o yet_o in_o the_o moiste_v season_n of_o all_o which_o make_v the_o year_n 1690._o fatal_a for_o dearness_n of_o provision_n and_o epidemic_a disease_n so_o that_o these_o our_o fountain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o fountain_n in_o tyanus_n consecrate_v to_o jupiter_n of_o which_o philostratus_n say_v that_o it_o suffer_v neither_o increase_n nor_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o native_n be_v call_v unquenchable_a or_o like_o the_o well_o of_o aesculapius_n which_o as_o aelius_n aristides_n a_o most_o famous_a orator_n relate_v be_v a_o well_o of_o pergamus_n a_o city_n of_o asia_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o be_v always_o full_a to_o the_o brim_n and_o how_o much_o soever_o be_v draw_v from_o it_o it_o never_o decrease_v neither_o have_v we_o reason_v only_o to_o think_v that_o many_o fountain_n take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o many_o lake_n communicate_v with_o it_o the_o lake_n of_o the_o vulsinian_o who_o depth_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o for_o discover_v of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v between_o narthana_n and_o bisentina_fw-la rope_n let_v down_o for_o some_o hundred_o of_o fathom_n but_o in_o vain_a this_o lake_n i_o say_v both_o summer_n and_o winter_n discharge_v itself_o by_o the_o river_n martha_n perpetnal_o into_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n neither_o do_v it_o receive_v any_o river_n and_o the_o mountain_n which_o encompass_v it_o be_v never_o white_a with_o snow_n beside_o in_o the_o same_o lake_n when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o calm_a and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_a i_o observe_v often_o intestine_a motion_n like_o current_n in_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o fisherman_n net_n which_o be_v sink_v under_o water_n be_v snatch_v violent_o from_o their_o hand_n a_o evident_a proof_n of_o some_o hide_a commerce_n with_o the_o sea_n julius_n obsequens_n in_o his_o book_n of_o prodigy_n relate_v that_o the_o lake_n albinus_n in_o the_o consulate_a of_o valerius_n and_o m._n valerius_n be_v sudden_o raise_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n fall_v from_o heaven_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v know_v any_o cause_n of_o so_o sudden_a a_o swell_a i_o can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v in_o question_n gaspar_n bartholinus_n who_o follow_v the_o glorious_a footstep_n of_o his_o ancestor_n print_v a_o treatise_n at_o hafnia_n wherein_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o opinion_n to_o be_v absurd_a which_o deduce_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o all_o fountain_n as_o well_o temporary_a as_o perpetual_a according_a to_o he_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o rain_v suppose_v as_o he_o ingenious_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o for_o maintain_v the_o perpetuity_n of_o the_o fountain_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n a_o collection_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o precedent_n rains_n in_o some_o receptacle_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v sufficient_a but_o true_o i_o can_v see_v how_o in_o some_o fountain_n their_o regularity_n and_o equal_a flow_a can_v hold_v out_o for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o we_o for_o so_o many_o age_n see_v in_o whatever_o season_n either_o dry_a or_o moist_a there_o appear_v no_o sign_n of_o increase_n or_o decrease_v but_o scaliger_n answer_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o use_v to_o be_v object_v against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o fountain_n and_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o opposition_n to_o cardan_n say_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o sea-water_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o mountain_n do_v not_o break_v out_o every_o where_o in_o these_o word_n but_o o_o cardan_n he_o who_o in_o the_o 2d_o of_o genesis_n the_o divine_a man_n say_v to_o have_v finish_v all_o thing_n be_v so_o good_a a_o architect_n so_o wise_a a_o water-bailif_a that_o julius_n frontinus_n be_v nothing_o to_o he_o he_o therefore_o do_v so_o skilful_o join_v the_o pipe_n of_o his_o aqueduct_n and_o fit_v they_o for_o bear_v the_o burden_n as_o to_o free_v you_o from_o this_o fear_n but_o true_o this_o difficulty_n which_o be_v object_v about_o the_o sufficient_a strength_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n give_v no_o less_o trouble_n except_v the_o great_a distance_n to_o the_o asserter_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n who_o attribute_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n and_o river_n to_o ra_n but_o how_o water_n be_v furnish_v to_o the_o fountain_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v heavy_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n must_v flow_v back_o into_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o circle_n be_v not_o agree_v upon_o among_o those_o who_o admit_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n to_o be_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o gaspar_n schottus_n who_o rehearse_n many_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_n and_o examine_v they_o so_o true_a be_v it_o what_o aristotle_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o old_a doubt_n why_o see_v 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and_o modern_a writer_n with_o many_o reason_n as_o arias_n montanus_n varenius_n vossius_fw-la becher_n and_o many_o other_o who_o the_o most_o famous_a lanzon_n physician_n of_o ferrara_n cite_v in_o his_o animadversion_n full_a of_o variety_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n whether_o the_o course_n of_o these_o water_n must_v be_v for_o ever_o and_o true_o see_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n even_o to_o this_o age_n there_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o accumulation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o in_o the_o city_n as_o in_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v of_o doubt_v but_o the_o course_n of_o these_o fountain_n will_v at_o length_n cease_v the_o cause_n continue_v the_o same_o to_o wit_n while_o the_o next_o river_n take_v away_o with_o they_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o therewith_o cover_v the_o plain_n that_o lie_v under_o therefore_o as_o these_o 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to_o happen_v because_o water_n be_v furnish_v to_o these_o fountain_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n which_o evaporation_n though_o it_o be_v not_o always_o equal_a because_o of_o the_o subterraneous_a fire_n sometime_o weak_a sometime_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v enough_o if_o it_o be_v such_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o cistern_n full_a always_o to_o the_o same_o height_n on_o which_o depend_v the_o equality_n of_o flux_n of_o these_o our_o fountain_n for_o so_o many_o age_n whatever_o come_v of_o the_o water_n that_o sometime_o overflow_v and_o be_v disperse_v another_o way_n but_o why_o some_o fountain_n at_o certain_a time_n flow_v and_o at_o other_o time_n ebb_v many_o cause_n be_v bring_v of_o which_o i_o mean_v those_o which_o draw_v their_o source_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n by_o force_n of_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v these_o fountain_n be_v 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in_o water_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o rest_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n be_v that_o it_o partake_v most_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air._n so_o pliny_n have_v write_v that_o wholesome_a water_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o like_a to_o the_o air._n on_o which_o account_n cassiodorus_n commend_v the_o virgin_n water_n so_o famous_a then_o at_o rome_n that_o run_v most_o pure_o it_o resamble_v the_o air._n for_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v pure_a like_o the_o air_n light_n and_o clear_a free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v thin_a and_o susceptible_a of_o heat_n and_o cold._n but_o the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v such_o for_o they_o be_v clear_a like_o the_o air_n free_a of_o smell_n and_o taste_v do_v most_o quick_o receive_v any_o other_o quality_n and_o be_v weigh_v be_v light_a than_o any_o other_o though_o physician_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o value_v much_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o lightness_n and_o the_o divine_a master_n call_v these_o light_n 26._o which_o 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external_a sense_n this_o therefore_o will_v be_v the_o true_a and_o safe_a judgement_n of_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o experience_n itself_o and_o true_o that_o water_n be_v to_o be_v think_v light_n by_o the_o effect_n which_o make_v not_o the_o bowel_n feel_v any_o weight_n in_o pass_v for_o which_o kind_n of_o lightness_n the_o water_n of_o modena_n be_v very_o commendable_a as_o not_o wait_v the_o stomach_n when_o one_o drink_v a_o full_a draught_n of_o they_o but_o easy_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o be_v void_v by_o sweat_n and_o urine_n but_o above_o all_o these_o hypocrates_n chief_o commend_v these_o fountain_n who_o water_n come_v forth_o of_o deep_a spring_n which_o be_v cold_a in_o summer_n and_o warm_a in_o winter_n but_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o these_o fountain_n see_v they_o rise_v 68_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o summer_n be_v very_o cold_a but_o in_o winter_n be_v warm_a yea_o exhale_v some_o small_a vapour_n neither_o must_v we_o refer_v the_o heat_n which_o be_v find_v in_o these_o water_n in_o the_o wintertime_n to_o metallic_v exhalation_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n with_o a_o acid_a mineral_n see_v that_o be_v perceive_v only_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n all_o know_v that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o difference_n of_o water_n as_o of_o place_n for_o fountain_n and_o well-water_n do_v easy_o drink_v up_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v which_o be_v innumerable_a yet_o those_o water_n be_v think_v more_o wholesome_a that_o run_v through_o thick_a sand_n and_o gravel_n because_o they_o carry_v nothing_o from_o such_o a_o matter_n upward_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o that_o which_o run_v through_o clay_n and_o soft_a sand._n but_o the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n flow_v a_o long_a way_n through_o sand_n which_o be_v call_v male_a a_o proof_n of_o which_o be_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o dross_n sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o these_o fountain_n use_v to_o throw_v up_o at_o their_o first_o come_v forth_o moreover_o these_o water_n according_a to_o my_o observation_n and_o of_o many_o other_o continue_v without_o corruption_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experiment_n in_o long_a navigation_n that_o the_o water_n of_o neuceria_n do_v stink_v but_o we_o continue_v pure_a i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a it_o be_v a_o question_n among_o physician_n no_o less_o curious_a than_o worthy_a to_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o sudden_a corruption_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o its_o goodness_n or_o badness_n perhaps_o hypocrates_n himself_o give_v cause_n of_o doubt_v who_o after_o he_o have_v commend_v rain_n water_n say_z they_o soon_o putrify_v except_o they_o be_v boil_v and_o strain_v again_o galen_n paulus_n avicenna_n and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n among_o the_o modern_n joubertus_n salius_n augenius_n bruvierinus_fw-la and_o many_o other_o take_v the_o water_n readiness_n to_o putrify_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o goodness_n provide_v other_o note_n agree_v for_o the_o chief_a property_n of_o water_n be_v say_v they_o that_o they_o be_v quick_o alter_v by_o any_o external_a cause_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o think_v its_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n to_o arise_v but_o these_o which_o continue_v long_o free_a of_o corruption_n say_v they_o partake_v of_o a_o aluminous_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o water_n of_o tiber_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n for_o month_n and_o year_n under_o ground_n without_o corruption_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v a_o inclinableness_n to_o putrefaction_n among_o the_o fault_n of_o water_n among_o who_o be_v costaeus_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o best_a water_n that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o corrupt_a and_o
be_v deserve_o oppose_v to_o avicenna_n who_o think_v that_o rain-water_n be_v soon_o corrupt_v because_o they_o be_v thin_a for_o rather_o from_o thinness_n of_o the_o substance_n one_o may_v argue_v that_o their_o substance_n be_v less_o subject_a to_o corruption_n as_o be_v know_v of_o distil_a water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o true_o be_v thin_a than_o wine_n and_o not_o only_o do_v not_o putrify_v itself_o but_o also_o preserve_v other_o body_n free_a from_o corruption_n see_v then_o experience_v itself_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o those_o which_o be_v most_o simple_a do_v less_o putrify_v but_o those_o which_o have_v a_o great_a heterogenity_n because_o of_o the_o disagreement_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n and_o a_o continual_a fermentation_n be_v more_o easy_o corrupt_v therefore_o i_o be_o easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o curruption_n of_o the_o water_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o its_o pravity_n than_o goodness_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o rain_n water_n soon_o putrify_v may_v be_v this_o that_o when_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n all_o sort_n of_o filth_n be_v raise_v with_o it_o and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o volatile_a salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o which_o make_v becher_n say_v that_o all_o rain-water_n be_v putrify_v and_o distil_v do_v give_v a_o ardent_a spirit_n but_o if_o promptitude_n to_o putrefaction_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o goodness_n why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v the_o same_o of_o eatable_n which_o natural_o do_v soon_o putrify_v such_o as_o be_v flesh_n fish_n word_n early_o ripe_a fruit_n and_o the_o like_a viz._n that_o these_o aliment_n be_v better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v not_o so_o soon_o putrify_v see_v they_o be_v soon_o alter_v by_o the_o concoct_n faculty_n weak_a food_n have_v a_o short_a life_n hypocrates_n as_o valesius_fw-la interpret_v say_v they_o make_v man_n life_n short_a and_o such_o as_o cat_n these_o meat_n be_v infirm_a and_o weak_a and_o can_v live_v so_o long_o so_o bread_n of_o wheat_n well_o ferment_v and_o well_o bake_v give_v a_o most_o excellent_a nourishment_n and_o long_a life_n to_o sound_a body_n and_o bread_n of_o all_o food_n do_v lest_o putrefy_v upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o levinus_n lemnius_n commend_v it_o for_o say_v he_o bread_n long_o keep_v do_v indeed_o grow_v mouldy_a and_o grow_v dry_a but_o do_v not_o putrefy_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o praise_n of_o our_o fountain_n that_o they_o do_v not_o corrupt_v so_o that_o have_v other_o mark_n of_o goodness_n they_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v the_o best_a of_o water_n it_o be_v a_o old_a commendation_n of_o water_n if_o pulse_n be_v quick_o boil_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n athenaeus_n vitruvius_n galeus_n paulus_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a physician_n langius_n costaeus_n bruvierinus_fw-la and_o other_o do_v testify_v but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o this_o also_o be_v common_a to_o unwholesome_a water_n for_o the_o difficulty_n of_o boil_v some_o pulse_n be_v not_o always_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o water_n but_o very_o often_o of_o the_o grain_n themselves_o as_o they_o have_v grow_v in_o this_o or_o the_o other_o ground_n as_o theophrastus_n testify_v when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o place_n which_o always_o bring_v forth_o pulse_n that_o be_v easy_o boil_v other_o there_o be_v which_o bring_v forth_o grain_n hard_a to_o be_v boil_v yea_o plutarch_n say_v that_o of_o two_o furrow_n join_v together_o one_o bring_v forth_o a_o hard_a crop_n the_o other_o not_o the_o woman_n themselves_o know_v that_o well_o enough_o who_o if_o they_o have_v pulse_n that_o be_v not_o easy_o boil_v use_v to_o macerate_v they_o a_o night_n in_o water_n with_o a_o sack_n full_a of_o ash_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o grain_n be_v open_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o ash_n and_o i_o think_v none_o will_v look_v upon_o the_o water_n so_o make_v lixivial_a as_o simple_a or_o will_v commend_v it_o for_o daily_o drink_v in_o whole_a body_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v that_o salt_n and_o crude_a water_n very_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o best_a may_v be_v for_o some_o sickly_a nature_n or_o in_o a_o neutral_a state_n of_o health_n instead_o of_o medicine_n which_o hypocrates_n have_v teach_v express_o in_o these_o word_n but_o whatever_o be_v salt_n and_o crude_a be_v not_o fit_a for_o all_o to_o drink_v of_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o nature_n to_o who_o such_o water_n be_v convenient_a to_o be_v drink_v whatever_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v boil_v the_o greek_a call_v ateramnia_n transfer_v likewise_o the_o same_o word_n to_o a_o stubborn_a and_o inflexible_a mind_n so_o grain_n hard_a to_o be_v boil_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o be_v those_o which_o theophrastus_n say_v grow_v in_o a_o thick_a tough_a earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v clayie_a as_o at_o philippi_n when_o the_o pulse_n which_o egypt_n bear_v both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nitrous_a soil_n and_o the_o heat_n be_v easy_o boil_v likewise_o water_n in_o which_o grain_n be_v hardly_o boil_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n hypocrates_n use_v to_o signify_v the_o crudity_n of_o water_n in_o many_o occasion_n of_o which_o erotianus_n have_v in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la make_v a_o collection_n therefore_o as_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o pulse_n be_v boil_v be_v not_o always_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o water_n so_o their_o be_v easy_o boil_v be_v not_o a_o mark_n of_o their_o goodness_n which_o sometime_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o seed_n sometime_o to_o the_o water_n yea_o more_o effectual_a in_o some_o water_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o best_a see_v in_o nitrous_a and_o lixivious_a water_n pulse_n root_n and_o word_n be_v soon_o boil_v upon_o this_o account_n in_o rain-water_n as_o be_v full_a of_o saline_n particle_n all_o kind_n of_o grain_n be_v soon_o boil_v than_o in_o fountain-water_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o defecated_a upon_o this_o account_n horatius_n augenius_n prefer_v rain-water_n to_o other_o for_o make_v of_o ptisan_n when_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o barley_n do_v soon_o boil_v in_o this_o than_o in_o spring-water_n of_o his_o own_o accord_n confess_v that_o the_o rain-water_n be_v not_o sincere_a which_o make_v he_o go_v into_o this_o opinion_n as_o a_o paradox_n that_o the_o pure_a the_o water_n be_v and_o less_o mix_v the_o less_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o life_n but_o in_o our_o fountain-water_n pulse_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v easy_o enough_o boil_v and_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o aliment_n which_o as_o i_o dare_v not_o discommend_v in_o they_o so_o i_o think_v be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o best_a but_o certain_o that_o be_v a_o great_a criterion_n for_o judge_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o plain_a water_n which_o as_o vitruvius_n say_v be_v take_v from_o the_o habit_n of_o man_n body_n that_o live_v about_o those_o water_n to_o wit_n if_o they_o be_v robu_v clear_a complexion_n sound_n and_o not_o blear-eyed_a now_o it_o be_v know_v enough_o that_o both_o citizen_n and_o such_o as_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n here_o be_v of_o a_o good_a habit_n of_o body_n and_o subject_n to_o none_o of_o these_o distemper_n and_o the_o good_a health_n which_o those_o of_o modena_n enjoy_v beyond_o other_o town_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o water_n as_o in_o egypt_n where_o their_o long_a life_n according_a to_o alpinus_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n see_v therefore_o in_o the_o most_o strict_a censure_n the_o water_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v not_o only_o innocent_a but_o wholesome_a true_o this_o city_n have_v nothing_o in_o which_o it_o may_v envy_v any_o other_o as_o to_o this_o point_n yea_o see_v its_o water_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o neighbour_a place_n in_o the_o summertime_n the_o nucerian_a water_n be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o sick_a so_o in_o the_o summertime_n they_o run_v to_o these_o fountain_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o fever_n for_o the_o use_n of_o water_n that_o i_o may_v not_o say_v the_o abuse_n be_v grow_v so_o frequent_a that_o it_o seem_v the_o only_a febrifuge_n and_o chief_o to_o the_o fountain_n which_o be_v call_v abyssus_n as_o to_o the_o well_o of_o esculapius_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v before_o wherefore_o i_o need_v not_o fear_v to_o make_v use_n of_o what_o claudian_n say_v of_o aponus_n that_o they_o be_v at_o least_o among_o our_o countrey-folk_n commune_fw-la medentum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la praesens_fw-la numen_fw-la inempta_fw-la salus_fw-la physician_n common_a aid_n a_o present_a help_n a_o powerful_a deity_n and_o a_o unpurchased_a health_n and_o so_o much_o may_v suffice_v concern_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o well_n of_o modena_n and_o if_o i_o have_v say_v something_o like_o probable_a it_o be_v well_o but_o if_o not_o then_o both_o for_o the_o dignity_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n volutatum_fw-la est_fw-la dolium_fw-la in_o cranio_n finis_fw-la theor._n l._n 1._o p._n 114._o tell._n th._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o tell._n th._n c._n 5._o p._n 35_o 36_o 37._o ☞_o ram._n p._n 58_o 76._o fig._n 1._o exer._n 100_o de_fw-fr motu_fw-la anim_fw-la p._n 1._o prop._n 215._o ☜_o ☜_o ep._n 2._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 5._o hist._n nat._n c._n 9_o c._n 35._o lib._n 3_o quaest._n nat._n c._n 28._o cant._n 4._o l._n 3._o quae._n nat._n c._n 7._o de_fw-fr leg._n dial._n 8._o lib._n 7._o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la in_o lucul_n 5_o aph._n 26._o lib._n 31._o n._n 11._o c._n 3._o one_o may_v rather_o say_v saline_n in_o thal._n de_fw-fr bonit_n aq_fw-la c._n 1._o