abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o retract_v i_o have_v already_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n have_v take_v to_o bring_v water_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o make_v a_o deluge_n let_v we_o next_o see_v how_o dexterous_a he_o be_v in_o remove_v they_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o his_o new_a theory_n by_o calculation_n i_o show_v that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o twenty_o three_o ocean_n of_o water_n to_o drown_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o remove_v such_o a_o load_n of_o water_n mechanical_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difficulty_n in_o it_o in_o his_o theory_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v through_o the_o perpendicular_a fissure_n and_o crack_n which_o be_v outlet_n to_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o they_o 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whiston_n tell_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o and_o certain_o the_o same_o fissure_v that_o permit_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o fluid_n from_o beneath_o before_o will_v after_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o force_n permit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o by_o degree_n and_o length_n of_o time_n draw_v they_o off_o i_o find_v mr._n whiston_n be_v general_o most_o certain_a where_o other_o man_n be_v most_o doubtful_a how_o can_v he_o be_v certain_a or_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n can_v lie_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o mile_n perpendicular_o and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v in_o to_o fill_v they_o all_o the_o while_n what_o new_a law_n of_o hydrostaticks_a have_v he_o discover_v it_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a to_o descend_v through_o whatever_o hole_n and_o fissure_v it_o can_v find_v and_o till_o they_o be_v once_o fill_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v rest_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o fissure_v especial_o to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o perpendicular_a mile_n for_o so_o high_a it_o must_v have_v be_v above_o most_o of_o those_o crack_n since_o most_o part_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o which_o he_o suppose_v those_o fissure_n be_v do_v not_o exceed_v above_o a_o mile_n height_n before_o the_o water_n can_v have_v rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n not_o only_o the_o perpendicular_a hole_n and_o fissure_n but_o even_o the_o horizontal_n once_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o fill_v i_o can_v therefore_o enough_o wonder_v how_o he_o can_v imagine_v so_o much_o water_n force_v through_o the_o earth_n upon_o its_o surface_n and_o all_o those_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a all_o the_o time_n i_o be_o surprise_v to_o hear_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o i_o can_v suppose_v a_o earth_n that_o have_v be_v water_v by_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n gush_v through_o its_o pore_n to_o be_v very_o dry_a another_o man_n will_v rather_o think_v that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v very_o wet_a for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o water_n can_v pass_v through_o the_o crust_n without_o leave_v as_o much_o of_o itself_o as_o the_o crust_n can_v hold_v behind_o it_o since_o water_n rather_o than_o ascend_v will_v remain_v in_o any_o poor_a or_o empty_a space_n that_o can_v contain_v it_o but_o let_v we_o now_o allow_v that_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o crust_n be_v as_o dry_a as_o if_o there_o have_v not_o one_o drop_n of_o water_n remain_v in_o it_o yet_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o water_n general_o can_v sink_v be_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o tough_a clay_n common_a stone_n whinstone_n coal_n metalline_a oar_n and_o the_o like_a and_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v never_o persuade_v mankind_n that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o pore_n in_o such_o heavy_a close_o solid_a body_n as_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o after_o all_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fissure_v be_v empty_a and_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n lie_v over_o they_o without_o descend_v into_o they_o that_o be_v let_v we_o grant_v to_o mr._n whiston_n so_o many_o impossibility_n yet_o even_o all_o these_o supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o deluge_n this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v easy_o since_o that_o according_a to_o the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n be_v remove_v from_o off_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o half_a year_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v drain_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o upon_o this_o account_n mr._n whiston_n supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n to_o show_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o have_v be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n though_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o narrow_a and_o small_a they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n we_o can_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v near_o so_o much_o it_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o river_n will_v fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a in_o the_o space_n of_o 812._o year_n and_o consequent_o if_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n descend_v no_o fast_o through_o the_o fissure_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o former_a supposition_n it_o will_v be_v 812._o year_n before_o the_o earth_n have_v receive_v one_o ocean_n into_o its_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v 17864._o year_n before_o twenty_o two_o ocean_n can_v be_v remove_v through_o those_o fissure_n but_o let_v we_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n descend_v be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o river_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v that_o the_o water_n will_v take_v 1786._o 4._o year_n to_o run_v through_o the_o fissure_n so_o that_o although_o mr._n whiston_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ridicule_n my_o fondness_n for_o miracle_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o natural_a cause_n he_o have_v assign_v be_v so_o vast_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o effect_n produce_v he_o may_v at_o last_o perhaps_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o easy_a safe_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a way_n be_v to_o ascribe_v they_o to_o miracle_n finis_fw-la
world_n once_o perish_v by_o a_o deluge_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o perish_v again_o by_o fire_n both_o which_o be_v argument_n enough_o for_o a_o providence_n and_o of_o god_n particular_a care_n of_o the_o world_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v his_o plain_a meaning_n except_o st._n peter_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o allegorical_a sense_n as_o well_o as_o moses_n after_o this_o general_a discourse_n he_o come_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n allege_v against_o the_o parallelism_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a one_o argument_n i_o bring_v be_v that_o by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n we_o receive_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n than_o if_o it_o have_v move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o if_o our_o heat_n at_o present_a be_v not_o too_o great_a for_o we_o as_o without_o doubt_v it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o present_a position_n shall_v be_v esteem_v better_a than_o that_o the_o theorist_n call_v a_o right_a one_o wherein_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o sun_n influence_n as_o we_o have_v the_o defender_n think_v this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o theory_n for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v equal_a and_o moderate_a in_o the_o temperate_a and_o habitable_a climate_n who_o will_v desire_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o summer_n i_o answer_v every_o one_o that_o observe_v how_o necessary_a the_o summer_n heat_n be_v to_o the_o production_n of_o vegetable_n and_o the_o ripen_n of_o their_o seed_n which_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o perfection_n do_v the_o sun_n shine_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la whereby_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o latitude_n will_v be_v little_o more_o than_o half_a of_o what_o it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o summer_n day_n which_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n and_o perfection_n of_o vegetable_n but_o say_v he_o how_o do_v this_o appear_v suppose_v the_o heat_n constant_a be_v there_o no_o vegetable_n in_o jupiter_n which_o have_v still_o the_o position_n the_o theorist_n give_v the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o which_o be_v vast_o further_a distant_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n must_v have_v much_o less_o of_o his_o heat_n whether_o there_o be_v vegetable_n in_o jupiter_n neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o i_o can_v determine_v for_o we_o be_v never_o there_o to_o see_v and_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v never_o reveal_v to_o he_o or_o any_o body_n else_o that_o there_o be_v but_o suppose_v there_o be_v vegetable_n there_o what_o be_v that_o to_o we_o do_v he_o think_v they_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n that_o we_o be_v of_o or_o that_o we_o if_o they_o be_v transplant_v thither_o can_v grow_v and_o ripen_v in_o such_o a_o cold_a soil_n when_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o require_v at_o least_o twenty_o five_o time_n a_o great_a heat_n or_o influence_n from_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v in_o that_o planet_n beside_o it_o be_v requisite_a as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o our_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n shall_v have_v very_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v such_o change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o season_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o design_v effect_n for_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v require_v for_o the_o first_o growth_n and_o vegetation_n of_o a_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o ripen_n and_o perfect_v of_o the_o seed_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o bring_v the_o seed_n to_o perfection_n will_v quite_o wither_v the_o green_a and_o tender_a herb_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alteration_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v obtain_v either_o in_o jupiter_n or_o in_o the_o theorist_n antediluvian_n earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o plant_n can_v never_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n in_o either_o of_o those_o place_n but_o it_o seem_v this_o defender_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o constitution_n from_o those_o we_o have_v now_o so_o that_o he_o must_v think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o our_o plant_n be_v perfect_o alter_v and_o change_v or_o that_o god_n almighty_n have_v destroy_v the_o old_a be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o quite_o new_a species_n of_o vegetable_n and_o plant_n this_o be_v a_o miracle_n that_o be_v record_v no_o where_n in_o scripture_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o think_v we_o oblige_v on_o his_o word_n to_o believe_v it_o i_o affirm_v also_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v habitable_a for_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v uninhabitable_a in_o that_o earth_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n will_v not_o have_v sufficient_a heat_n to_o ripen_v their_o corn_n and_o fruit_n and_o consequent_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o desert_n to_o this_o he_o reply_n with_o this_o question_n how_o much_o less_o habitable_a will_v it_o be_v than_o the_o present_a earth_n where_o the_o open_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o then_o take_v up_o half_a its_o surface_n i_o answer_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v habitable_a for_o there_o be_v no_o open_a sea_n who_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o can_v imagine_v how_o there_o can_v be_v vapour_n enough_o draw_v up_o to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n dews_n and_o mist_n for_o when_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o earth_n surface_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n on_o purpose_n to_o furnish_v vapour_n enough_o for_o rain_n and_o rivers_n how_o can_v it_o be_v supply_v if_o there_o be_v no_o sea_n at_o all_o can_v any_o man_n suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v as_o free_o through_o a_o crust_n of_o a_o immense_a thickness_n to_o raise_v vapour_n as_o it_o do_v now_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o open_a sea_n this_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v be_v a_o very_a good_a argument_n against_o the_o theorist_n who_o assert_v that_o the_o primitive_a earth_n have_v not_o sea_n but_o the_o defender_n think_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a if_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v now_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v confine_v to_o herb_n fruit_n and_o water_n especial_o in_o the_o cold_a climate_n where_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o the_o cold_a vehement_a this_o he_o think_v will_v be_v a_o most_o unmerciful_a imposition_n real_o as_o hard_a and_o unmerciful_a as_o it_o be_v there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o food_n be_v bread_n herb_n root_n milk_n cheese_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o seldom_o taste_v any_o flesh-meat_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o antediluvian_o lead_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o life_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o imposition_n be_v hard_a upon_o one_o than_o the_o other_o the_o defender_n say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v from_o history_n and_o he_o wish_v the_o examiner_n will_v consult_v antiquity_n which_o will_v give_v he_o a_o more_o favourable_a opinion_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o to_o this_o point_n one_o will_v imagine_v by_o this_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v the_o observation_n of_o some_o antediluvian_n astronomer_n to_o produce_v who_o have_v find_v that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v change_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o present_a oblique_a posture_n but_o instead_o of_o those_o he_o only_o quote_v some_o philosopher_n that_o do_v not_o live_v within_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n of_o the_o time_n when_o this_o change_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v what_o credit_n be_v there_o to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o a_o tradition_n can_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n certain_o know_v from_o author_n that_o live_v so_o long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o change_n especial_o when_o these_o man_n have_v say_v a_o thousand_o other_o thing_n that_o neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o can_v believe_v and_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v say_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o very_o little_a to_o his_o purpose_n diogenes_n
pass_v through_o every_o 20._o or_o 30._o foot_n of_o a_o solid_a crust_n must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o half_a of_o what_o fall_v upon_o it_o upon_o this_o supposition_n i_o show_v that_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o of_o these_o surface_n the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o will_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o last_o as_o 2_o 99_o to_o i_o or_o as_o the_o 99th_o power_n of_o 2._o to_o unity_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o distance_n as_o the_o logarithm_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o each_o of_o these_o distance_n will_v be_v as_o the_o absolute_a number_n belong_v to_o these_o logarithm_n thus_o if_o a_o b_o represent_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n a_o c_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o a_o d_o e_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o d_o and_o if_o we_o draw_v through_o the_o point_n c_o and_o e_o the_o logarithmick_n curve_v to_o the_o asymptote_n a_o b_o the_o applicate_v b_o f_o will_v represent_v the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o b_o which_o in_o our_o present_a case_n be_v vast_o less_o than_o ac_fw-la perhaps_o the_o defender_n will_v say_v that_o the_o ray_n be_v diminish_v in_o pass_v through_o a_o medium_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v diminish_v in_o the_o proportion_n i_o have_v assign_v viz._n so_o that_o the_o applicate_v to_o the_o logarithmick_a curve_v be_v always_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n which_o pass_v through_o well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o precarious_a assumption_n i_o will_v give_v he_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o though_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v by_o a_o calculus_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v plain_a and_o obvious_a enough_o to_o those_o who_o understand_v the_o common_a principle_n of_o calculation_n which_o as_o i_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v unknown_a to_o none_o that_o pretend_v either_o to_o write_v or_o defend_v a_o theory_n as_o the_o theorist_n himself_o own_v yet_o the_o defender_n do_v whatever_o he_o can_v to_o find_v shist_n and_o evasion_n for_o such_o argument_n and_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o consider_v surface_n but_o pore_n well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v how_o ready_a i_o be_o to_o please_v and_o obey_v he_o i_o have_v do_v this_o already_o in_o the_o 71._o page_z of_o this_o treatise_n where_o i_o have_v show_v that_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o any_o surface_n that_o be_v expose_v open_o to_o it_o its_o heat_n on_o that_o surface_n will_v be_v 202500._o time_n great_a than_o its_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n when_o it_o shine_v only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o crust_n which_o disproportion_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o show_v that_o no_o great_a store_n of_o vapour_n can_v be_v rarify_v in_o the_o abyss_n but_o say_v he_o those_o that_o allow_v a_o comet_n at_o its_o near_a approach_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v pierce_v through_o and_o through_o so_o as_o to_o become_v hot_a than_o red_a hot_a iron_n will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o at_o our_o distance_n it_o shall_v have_v some_o proportional_a effect_n upon_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v we_o illustrate_v his_o similitude_n by_o another_o those_o who_o allow_v that_o a_o ball_n of_o iron_n ten_o inch_n thick_a when_o put_v in_o a_o good_a fire_n may_v be_v make_v red_a hot_a and_o be_v pierce_v by_o the_o fire_n through_o and_o through_o will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o this_o ball_n of_o iron_n remove_v 10._o foot_n from_o the_o fire_n shall_v receive_v some_o proportionable_a heat_n even_o in_o its_o inward_a part_n as_o without_o doubt_v it_o will_v but_o the_o question_n be_v if_o this_o effect_n be_v any_o way_n sensible_a or_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v some_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o ball_n whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n can_v raise_v it_o into_o vapour_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n so_o that_o the_o force_n those_o vapour_n have_v to_o expand_v themselves_o will_v break_v or_o burst_v the_o ball_n i_o think_v that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v know_v so_o much_o of_o the_o new_a experimental_a philosophy_n as_o not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a that_o heat_n do_v not_o pass_v into_o the_o interior_a part_n of_o a_o solid_a of_o considerable_a thickness_n till_o it_o have_v quite_o dissolve_v the_o exterior_a part_n and_o if_o the_o solid_a be_v combustible_a as_o wood_n it_o consume_v the_o outward_a part_n before_o it_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n upon_o the_o interior_n but_o if_o its_o part_n be_v compact_v as_o metal_n or_o stone_n it_o loosen_v and_o dissolve_v the_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o outward_a part_n and_o so_o make_v its_o way_n to_o the_o inward_a but_o our_o philosopher_n think_v he_o have_v find_v out_o one_o remarkable_a phoenomenon_n by_o which_o he_o can_v prove_v effectual_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n peirce_v deep_a into_o the_o crust_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earthquake_n he_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o their_o depth_n and_o he_o say_v that_o all_o agree_v that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n this_o rarefaction_n say_v he_o must_v be_v make_v by_o some_o heat_n and_o no_o other_o be_v prove_v to_o we_o yet_o by_o this_o author_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n why_o shall_v i_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o all_o his_o difficulty_n in_o philosophy_n do_v ever_o i_o set_v up_o to_o be_v a_o theorist_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o phoenomena_fw-la of_o nature_n well_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o expect_v it_o from_o i_o and_o though_o i_o be_o no_o way_n oblige_v to_o it_o yet_o out_o of_o abundance_n of_o good_a nature_n i_o will_v give_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v then_o that_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n within_o the_o earth_n may_v arise_v from_o another_o heat_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a fire_n which_o always_o burn_v in_o several_a place_n of_o it_o which_o sometime_o burst_v out_o and_o make_v a_o horrible_a eruption_n as_o in_o all_o vulcano_n and_o fiery_a mountain_n and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o fire_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o rarefaction_n this_o appear_v to_o be_v more_o probable_a because_o earthquake_n be_v most_o common_a in_o those_o place_n where_o these_o vulcanos_fw-la be_v as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o actual_a fire_n under_o ground_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o heat_n may_v arise_v from_o other_o cause_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o from_o a_o due_a mixture_n of_o some_o particle_n of_o matter_n with_o those_o of_o another_o sort_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a considerable_a heat_n some_o place_n underground_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v exceed_o hot_a as_o some_o mine_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o sulphureous_a nitrous_a and_o mineral_n principle_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o a_o man_n can_v easy_o endure_v it_o even_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n there_o be_v other_o place_n so_o warm_a that_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o they_o will_v scald_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o may_v we_o not_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cavity_n deep_a underground_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o the_o same_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n now_o if_o some_o sulphureous_a and_o nitrous_a exhalation_n shall_v be_v gather_v together_o within_o any_o of_o these_o cavity_n and_o by_o motion_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v kindle_v it_o be_v plain_a they_o will_v expand_v themselves_o rarify_v the_o air_n and_o make_v that_o concussion_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o usual_o observe_v in_o earthquake_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o exhalation_n may_v be_v kindle_v without_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o observation_n that_o be_v daily_a to_o be_v make_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n where_o the_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o strong_a this_o be_v also_o observe_v of_o meteor_n which_o we_o common_o call_v fall_a star_n who_o matter_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o nighttime_n when_o the_o immediate_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v as_o little_a effect_n as_o it_o have_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o safisfy_v he_o that_o earthquake_n may_v arise_v from_o
other_o cause_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v already_o give_v clear_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o vapour_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n within_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o show_v that_o grant_v the_o sun_n heat_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n even_o than_o a_o universal_a deluge_n can_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o because_o i_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o calculation_n that_o if_o the_o sun_n heat_n draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v have_v exhaust_v this_o great_a treasure_n long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n this_o manner_n of_o examine_v the_o defender_n call_v contention_n and_o go_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o though_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v fair_a deal_n than_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o his_o principle_n and_o hypothesis_n be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o nature_n and_o then_o suppose_v they_o true_a to_o show_v that_o his_o reason_n upon_o they_o be_v false_a and_o inconclusive_a and_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v be_v no_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o will_v account_v for_o however_o our_o author_n assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o computation_n he_o know_v i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o exact_a estimation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n send_v into_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v suppose_v that_o i_o have_v not_o come_v within_o the_o truth_n by_o one_o two_o or_o three_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o need_v to_o allow_v nay_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o i_o have_v err_v a_o twenty_o part_n or_o even_o one_o half_a if_o he_o please_v and_o yet_o the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n the_o abyss_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n now_o from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v 1600._o year_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o which_o ever_o of_o these_o hypothesis_n he_o take_v the_o abyss_n must_v have_v be_v empty_a long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o he_o think_v i_o go_v in_o this_o calculation_n on_o principle_n that_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o theorist_n because_o i_o suppose_v the_o water_n of_o the_o present_a sea_n equal_a to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a abyss_n whereas_o say_v he_o there_o be_v near_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o great_a deep_a as_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n see_v the_o abyss_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o sea_n reach_v but_o to_o the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o always_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o crust_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o drive_v the_o water_n from_o their_o place_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n after_o they_o have_v overflow_v the_o earth_n come_v and_o settle_v at_o last_o in_o the_o sea_n there_o may_v indeed_o have_v be_v some_o water_n leave_v in_o the_o hollow_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o will_v be_v inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o theorist_n himself_o assert_n that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v disgorge_v all_o the_o water_n in_o its_o bowel_n it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o above_o half_a a_o ocean_n and_o in_o the_o latin_a edition_n he_o think_v that_o it_o be_v altogether_o incredible_a that_o the_o water_n within_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v as_o great_a as_o what_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n so_o that_o this_o gentleman_n who_o assert_n that_o there_o be_v almost_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n seem_v never_o to_o have_v read_v the_o theory_n or_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v but_o what_o if_o there_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o whole_a must_v have_v be_v exhaust_v long_o before_o the_o deluge_n since_o one_o ocean_n can_v have_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n nay_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v but_o just_a so_o many_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o whereas_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o dry_a land_n there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v twice_o as_o many_o yet_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 1600._o year_n there_o be_v time_n enough_o to_o have_v the_o whole_a abyss_n exhaust_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o calculation_n the_o defender_n allege_v that_o the_o river_n be_v not_o supply_v by_o the_o vapour_n only_o from_o the_o abyss_n but_o also_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n upon_o it_o this_o evasion_n be_v foresee_v and_o obviate_v by_o i_o in_o the_o 165._o page_z of_o the_o examination_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v before_o because_o the_o same_o cause_n still_o continue_v to_o act_v will_v still_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o the_o abyss_n have_v at_o first_o furnish_v the_o river_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o furnish_v they_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n nay_o rather_o in_o a_o much_o great_a since_o according_a to_o the_o theory_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v strong_a and_o strong_a every_o day_n upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v be_v so_o many_o at_o last_o that_o not_o be_v all_o of_o they_o able_a to_o crowd_v through_o the_o pore_n they_o break_v the_o thick_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o violent_a effect_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o fly_v upward_o thus_o we_o see_v all_o the_o shift_n and_o evasion_n which_o this_o author_n make_v be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o weight_n against_o my_o computation_n but_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o present_a ocean_n be_v then_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o prove_v that_o from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n there_o can_v arise_v no_o universal_a deluge_n because_o the_o theorist_n himself_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n require_v to_o cover_v the_o earth_n the_o defender_n confess_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o deluge_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n over-topping_a and_o stand_a calm_a over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o conceive_v but_o the_o deluge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v rather_o like_v a_o rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v they_o with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n i_o beg_v the_o theorist_n pardon_n for_o mistake_v he_o i_o think_v that_o he_o design_v to_o explain_v noah_n deluge_n and_o not_o one_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n now_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o gentleman_n conceive_v be_v no_o way_n like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n for_o though_o the_o theorist_n compute_v but_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n yet_o i_o determine_v the_o quantity_n more_o nice_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o mr._n whistons_n theory_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n can_v but_o cover_v one_o part_n of_o twenty_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o two_o part_n must_v remain_v dry_a and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v overflow_v this_o part_n it_o must_v have_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o at_o last_o it_o have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n this_o be_v the_o way_n that_o our_o author_n must_v conceive_v the_o deluge_n let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o account_v the_o scripture_n give_v we_o of_o noah_n deluge_n genes_n chap._n 7._o v._n 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v up_o and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o the_o rain_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n and_o again_o vers_fw-la 17._o and_o the_o flood_n be_v forty_o day_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o bear_v up_o the_o ark_n and_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n vers_fw-la 18._o