Notwithstāding to giue some lighte vnto the vnlearned Ferrers and that they may the better vnderstande the inwarde parts of a horse I thought good to write thus much thinking it no tyme loste whyle I may profite them any way Of the diseases in the Splene The .lxxxix. Chapter THe splene as I said before in the kepers office is the receptacle of Melācholy and of the dregges of the bloude and is subiecte to the like diseases that the Lyuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction harde knob and inflamation for the substaunce of the splene is spongious and therfore apt to sucke in all filth and to delate it selfe wherefore being full it must nedes swell which will appeare in the left syde vnder the short rybbes such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and specially when the body doth labour or trauayle It is painefull also to lye on the ryghte syde bycause the splen being so swollen oppresseth the midriffe and speciallye when the stomacke is full of meate and the Pacient hath worse digestion than appetyte is troubled with muche winde both vpwarde and downewarde Moreouer the vapour of the humor doth offende the harte making it faint and causeth all the body to be heauy and dull and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a Melācholy humor and abounding ouermuche it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaynes and artires which is to be perceyued by heauinesse and griefe on the left syde but also in the splen it selfe whereas by vertue of the heate it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a harde knob which doth not onely occupye all the substance of the splen but also many tymes all the lefte syde of the wombe and thereby maketh all the euill accydentes or griefes before recited muche worse than they were Now as touching the inflamatiō of the splen whith chaunceth very seldom for so much as euery inflamation procedeth of pure bloude which seldome entreth into the splen I shall not nede to make many words but refer you ouer to the Chapter of the Lyuer for in suche case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also lyke sygnes and do requyre lyke cure The olde wryters say that horses be often grieued with griefe in the splen and specially in Sommer season wyth gredy eatyng of sweete greene meates and they call those horses Lienosos that is to say splenticke The signes wherof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and gredy appetite to meate The remedy whereof according to Absirtus is to make the horse to sweate once a day during a certaine tyme by ryding him or otherwyse traueling hym and to poure into his lefte nosetrill euery day the iuyce of Mirabolaus mingled with wyne and water amounting in all to the quantitye of a pynte But me thinkes it would do him more good if he dranke it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius prayseth this drinke Take of Cumyn seede and of hony of ech sixe ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Uineger a pinte and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stande so all night and the next morning giue the horse to drinke thereof being kept ouernight fasting Theomnestus prayseth the decoction of Capers specially if the barke of the roote thereof may be gotten sodē in water to a Syrop or else make him a drinke of Garlycke Nytrum Horehounde and wormewode soden in harshe wine and he would haue the lefte syde to be bathed with warme water to be harde rubbed And if all this will not helpe then to giue hym the fyre which Absirtus doth not allowe saying that the splen lyeth so as it can not be easly fyered to doe him any good But for so much as the Lyuer and splen are members much occupyed in the ingēdring and seperating of humors many euill accydents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iaūdis called in a horse the yealows drynesse of body and consumption of the flesh with out any apparaunt cause why whiche the Phisitians call Atrophia also euill habit of the body called of them Cachexia and the Dropsy But first we wyll speake of the Iaundis or yealows Of the yealows The .xc. Chapter THe Phisitians in mans body do make two kinds of Iaundis that is to say the yeallow proceeding of Cholor dispersed thorowe out the whole body and dying the skin yeallow and the blacke proceding of Melancholy dispersed like wise thorowout the whole bodye and making all the skinne blacke And as the yeallow Iaundis commeth for the most parte eyther by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the Gall which as I sayde before is the receptacle of Cholour or by some inflamation of the Lyuer whereby the bloude is conuerted into Cholour and so spreadeth thorowout the body euen so the blacke Iaundis commeth by meanes of some obstruction in the Lyuer vayne that goeth to the splene not suffering the splene to do his office in receyuing the dregges of the bloude from the Lyuer wherein they abounde to much or else for that the splen is already to full of suche dregs and so sheadeth them backe agaime into the vaynes But as for the blacke Iaundis they haue not bene obserued to be in horses as in men by any of our Ferrers in these dayes that I can learne And yet the olde writers of horseleach crafte doe seme to make two kindes of Iaundis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Cholor and also moyst Cholor The signes of the dry Cholor as Absirtus sayth is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly whereof it is sayde to be dry Moreouer the horse will not couet to lye downe bycause he is so payned in his body and his mouth will be hote and dry It commeth as he sayth by obstruction of the conduit wherby the Cholor should resorte into the bladder of the Gall and by obstruction also of the vrine vessels so as he can not stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of Oyle water and Nytrum and to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to poure the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweete wyne into his nosetrels let hys meate be grasse or else sweete hay sprinckled with Nytre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in wine Againe of the moist Cholor or Iaundis these are the signes The horses eyes will looke yeallow and his nosetrilles wil open wyde his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yeallow and Choloricke and he will grone when he lyeth downe which disease the sayde Absirtus was wonte to heale as he sayth by giuing
drinke as little as is possible Of the diseases in the guttes of a Horse and first of the Cholycke The .xcij. Chapter THe Guts of a horse may be diseased with dyuers griefes as with the Cholicke with Costiuenesse with the Laxe with the bloudy Flixe and wormes The Cholick is a grieuous paine in the great Gutte called of the Physitians Colon whereof this disease taketh his name which gut bicause it is very large and ample and ful of corners it is apt to receyue dyuers matters and so becommeth subiect to dyuers griefes For sometime it is tormented with the abundance of grosse humors gotten betwixt the panycle of the sayde Gutte and sometime with winde hauing no issue oute sometime with inflamation and sometime with sharpe fretting humors But so farre as I can learne a horse is most commonly troubled with the Cholick that commeth of winde and therof oure ferrers doe terme it the winde Cholyck The sygnes wherof be these The horse wil forsake his meate lye downe and wallow and walter vpon the groūd and standing on his fete he will stampe for very payne with his forefete and strike at his belly with his hinder foote and looke often towardes his belly which also towards the flankes will swell and seeme greater to the eie than it is wont to be The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Take a quart of Malmesye of Cloues Pepper Cynamom of eche halfe an ounce of Suger halfe a quarter and giue it the horse luke warme and annoynt his flankes with oyle of Bay and then brydle him and trotte him immediately vppe and downe the space of an houre vntill he dong and if he will not dong then rake him and if nede be prouoke him to dong by putting into his fundament an Onyon pilled and iagged with a knife crossewise so as the iuyce therof maye tickle his fundament and for the space of three or foure dayes let him drinke no colde water and let him be kepte warme Russius was wonte to vse this kinde of cure Take a good bygge Reede a spanne long or more and being annointed with Oyle thrust it into the horses fundament fastning the outwarde ende thereof vnto his tayle so as it can not slippe out and then hauing first annointed and chaufed all the horses belly with some hote oyle cause him to be ridden somewhat hastely vppe and downe some hilly ground and that will make him to void the wind out of his belly through the Rede which done let hym be kepte warme and fed with good prouender warme mashes made of wheat meale and Fenell sede and let him drinke no colde water vntill he be whole Absirtus would haue you to giue him a glister made of wilde Coucumber or or else of hennes dong Nytrum and strong wyne Of Costiuenesse or belly bounde The .xciij. Chapter COstiuenesse is when a horse is bounde in the belly and cannot dong which may come by glut of prouender or ouer much feeding and rest wherof we haue talked sufficiently before also by winde grosse humors or colde causyng obstruction and stopping in the Guttes The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Take of the decoction of Mallowes a quarte and put therevnto halfe a pinte of oyle or in stede thereof halfe a pint of freshe Butter and one ounce of Benedicte laxatuae and poure that into his fundamente with a little horne mete for the purpose that done clap his taile to his fundament holding it so stil with your hand whylest an other doth leade him in his hande and trotte him vppe and downe that the medicine may worke the better and hauing voyded all that in his belly bring him into the Stable and there let him stande a while on the bitte well couered warme littered and then giue him a little hay and let his drinke be warmed it shal not be amisse also to giue him that night a warme mashe Of the Laxe The .xciiij. Chapter THe Italians cal this disease Ragiatura and the horse that hath this disease Cauallo arragiato or Sforato It may come through the abūdaunce of Choloricke humors discending from the Lyuer or Gall downe to the Guttes But Russius sayth that it commeth most commonly by drinking ouer muche colde water immediatelye after prouender or by sodayne traueling vpon a full stomacke before his meat be digested or by hasty running or gallopping immediatly after water If this disease continue long it wil make the horse very weake feble so as he shall not be able to stande on his legges Notwithstanding sith nature feling hir self oppressed endeuoureth thus to ease hir selfe by expelling those humors that grieue hir I would not wishe you sodaynely to stop it least some worse inconuenience grow thereof But if you see that the horse loseth his fleshe and waxeth more dull and feble than he was wonte to be then giue him this drinke often experimented by Martin and that shall stoppe hym Take of Bene flower and of bole Armeny or eche a quarterne mingle these things togither in a quart of red wine and giue it him luke warme and let the horse rest and be kept warme and let him drink no colde drinke but luke warme and put therein a little Beane flower and let him not drinke but once a daye and then not ouer much for the space of three or foure dayes Of the bloudy Flixe The .xcv. Chapter IT seemeth by the olde wryters that a horse is also subiecte to the bloudy Flixe For Absirtus Hierocles and Democritus say al with one voyce that the Guttes of a horse may be so exulcerated that he will voyde bloudy matter at his fundament yea and that his fundament therewith will fall out whiche disease they call Disenteria which is as much to say as a painefull exulceration of the Guttes vnder the which the olde men as it seemeth by the wordes of Hierocles and Absirtus woulde comprehende the disease called of the Phisitians Tenesmus that is to say a desire to dong often and can doe but little and that with great paine And also an other disease called Procidentia ani that is to say the falling out of the fundament which the Phisitians do accoumpt as seuerall diseases Notwithstanding for somuch as Disenteria and Tenasmus doth spring both of lyke causes yea and also for that the falling out of the fundament hath some affinity with them I wil folowe myne Authours in ioyning them all together in this one Chapter The Phisitians make diuers kinds of bloudy flix For sometime the fat of the slimy filthe whiche is voyded is sprinkled with a little bloude sometyme the matter tha voydeth is mixte with the scrapings of the guts and sometime it is waterishe bloude like water wherein bloudy fleshe hath bene washed and sometime bloud myxt with Melancholy and sometime pure bloud and by the mixture of the matter you shall knowe in mans body whether the vlceratiō be in the inner small guttes or in the
Some agayne vse to gyue him a quantity of Brimstone and halfe as much Rosen beaten into powder mingled together with his prouender which he must eat a good while before he drinketh Of the payne in the kidneyes The .xcvij. Chapter ME thinkes that the kidneys of a horse shoulde be subiecte to as many griefes as the kydneys of a man as to inflamation obstructiō Appostumes and Ulcers and specially to obstruction that commeth by meanes of some stone or grauel gathered together in the kidneys wherby the horse cannot stale but with payne for I haue sene diuers horses my selfe that haue voyded much grauell in their stale which without doubt did come from the kidneys but my Authours doe referre such griefes to the bladder vrine and write of no disease but onelye of the inflamation of the kidneys whiche is called of them Nephritis and so is it also called of the Phisitians It commeth as they say by some great straine in leaping ouer some ditch or else by bearing some great burthen The sygnes whereof be these The horse will go rolling behinde and staggering his stones will shrinke vp and his stale wil be blackishe and thicke I thinke this disease differeth not from that which we called before the swaing of the backe when we talked of the griefes in the backe and loynes and therfore resorte thither The cure of this disease according to the best of the olde wryters is in this sorte Bath his backe and loynes with wyne oyle and Nytrum warmed together and after that you haue so bathed him let him be couered with warme clothes and stand littered vp to the belly with strawe so as he may lye softe and giue him such drinkes as may prouoke vrine as those that be made with Dil Fenell Annis Smallage Perslie Spicknard Myrrh Cassia Some say it is good to giue him a kinde of pulse called Cyche with wine Some againe do prayse Ewes milke or else Oyle and Deres sewet molten together to be giuen him to drinke or the roote of the herbe called Asphodelus englyshed by some Daffadill sodden in wine Of the diseases belonging to the Bladder and vrine of a horse The .xcviij. Chapter HIerocles sayth that a horse is subiect to three kindes of diseases incident to the bladder or vrine the first is called Stranguria the seconde Disuria the thirde Ischuria Stranguria otherwise called in Latine Stillicidium and of our olde Ferrers according to the French name Chovvdepis is when the horse is prouoked to stale often and voydeth nothing but a fewe droppes whiche commeth as the Phisitians say eyther through the sharpnes of the vrine or by some exulceration of the bladder or else by meanes of some Appostume in the Lyuer or kidneys which Appostume being brokē the matter resorteth down into the bladder and with the sharpenesse thereof causeth a continuall prouocation of pissing Disuria is when the horse can not pisse but with great labour and paine which for difference sake I wil call from henceforth the paynepisse It may come some time through the weakenesse of the bladder colde intemperature thereof and sometime through the abundaunce of Flegmaticke and grosse humors stopping the necke of the bladder Ischuria is when the horse can not pisse at all and therefore may be called the pissupprest or suppression of vrine whether you will me thinkes alwayes the shorter a proper name be the better and more easy to pronounce It may come as the Phisitians say by weakenesse of the bladder or for that the water cōduit is stopte with grosse humors or with matter discending from the Lyuer or kidneys or with the stone yea and sometymes by meanes of some inflamation or hard knob growing at the mouth of the Conduit or for that the sinewes of the bladder is nummed so as the bladder is without feeling or it may come by retention and long holding of the water most of whiche causes Hierocles also reciteth adding thervnto that it may chaunce to a Horse through ouer much rest and Idlenesse and also by meanes of some extreme cold and specially in winter season for the which the warmth of fire is a present remedy But now mine Authours do not shew for euery one of these three kindes of diseases seuerall signes but onely say that when a horse can not stale he will stande as though he woulde stale and thrust out his yarde a little and also for very paine stande beating his taile betwixt his thighes Neyther do they seeme to appoint seuerall cures but do make a hochepot mingling them al together some of them praysing one thing and some an other for some saye it is good to mingle the iuyce of Leekes with sweete smelling wine and oyle together and to poure that into his right nosetryll and then to walke him vp and downe vpon it and that will make him to stale Some say it is good to giue him smallage sede or else the roote of wilde Fenell sodden with wine to drinke or to put fiue sharpe Onyons cleane pilled and somewhat broused into his fundament and to chaufe him immediatelye vpon it eyther by ryding him or other wyse that shall cause him to stale presently It is good also to bath al his backe and Loynes wyth warme water The scrapinges of the inwarde parts of his owne houes beatē into powder and mingled with wine and poured into his ryght nosetryll will make him to stale if you chaufe him vpon it and the rather as Hierocles saith if you carry him to some shepes coate or other place where sheepe are wont to stande the smell of whose dong and pisse without any other medicine as he sayth will prouoke him to stale Some will gyue the horse white dogs dong dryed and mingled with salt wine Amoniacum to drinke some Hogs dong onely with wine some the dregges of horsepisse with wine and many other medicins whiche I leaue to reherse for feare of being to tedious and specially sith Martins experience foloweth here at hande agreing in all pointes with Laurentius Russius cure which is in this sorte First drawe out his yarde and wash it well in white wyne and scoure it well bycause it will be many tymes stopped with dirt and other baggage together hardned like a stone and then put a little oyle of Camomill into the Cunduit with a waxe Candle and a broused cloue of Garlicke and that will prouoke hym to stale And if that will not helpe then gyue him this drinke Take of Persly two handefull of Coriandre one handfull stampe them and strayne them with a quarte of whyte wyne dissolue therin one ounce of cake sope and gyue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and kepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no colde water for the space of fiue or sixe dayes and when you would haue him to stale lette it be eyther vpon plentye of strawe or vpon some grene plotte or else in a sheps coate
declared in the last Chapter He sayth also it is good to make him swim thorowe a Ryuer and to rowle him vpon the haunches nigh the huckle bones and to make the haire to growe agayne it is good as he sayth to annoint the place with Hogs greace and thre leaued grasse stamped together Of Hyde bownd The .lxiii. Chapter HYde bound is when the skinne cleaueth so faste to the horses backe that a man can not pull it from the fleshe with his hand which Ruellius calleth Coriago it commeth for the moste parte of pouerty or else when the horse after some greate heat hath bene suffered to stand long in the rayne or wette weather for that wil cause the skin to shrinke and to cling to his rybbes It is knowen by the leannesse of the horse and gauntnesse of his belly and by the fast sticking of the skinne vnto his ribbes when you pull at it with your hande The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sydes the bellye in the flanke vaynes betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done gyue him this drinke Take a quart of good white wine or else of good Ale and put therevnto thre ounces of good Salet oyle of Comen one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Lycoras two ounces beaten all into fyne powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath dronke lette one standing at his huckle bone rubbe him hard with his hande alongst the backe and ouerthwart the rybbes the space of halfe an houre that done sette him in a warme stable and let him stande in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and rybbes with a sacke first thorowly soked in a Tub of colde water and then well and harde wrong and ouer that cast an other cloth and girde it fast with a sursingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh strawe continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during whiche tyme giue him no colde water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wette sacke will cause the backe to gather heate of it selfe and the skin to losen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoynt all his body with wine and oyle mingled together according to the opinions of the olde wryters whiche no doubte is a verye comfortable thing and must nedes supple the skinne and losen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throte and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe The .lxiiii. Chapter SOme perhappes would loke here that for so muche as I haue declared the diseases of the necke wythers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hippes But syth that such griefes for the moste parte doe cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hippe legge ioynte or foote I thinke it not good to seperate those partes a sunder specially syth nature hath ioyned them together that is to say the shoulders to the forelegges and the hippes to the hinder legges And therfore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed you all the diseases that be in the inwarde partes of a horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throte lungs breast and heart but also vnder the Midriffe as those of the stomacke Lyuer Guttes and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throte the Glaunders and Stranguyllion to all horses is most common Of the Glaunders and Stranguyllion so called according to the Italion name Stranguijlione The .lxv. Chapter MOst Ferrers do take the Glaunders and Stranguylion to be all one disease but it is not so for the Glaunders is that which the Phisitians call Tonsille and the Stranguylion is that which they call in Laten Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly cal it in English the Squinācy or Quinzie Toncille is interpreted by them to be inflamations of the kirnelles called in Laten Glandes in Italion glandule whiche lye on eche syde of the throte vnderneath the rote of the tongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of whiche worde glandes or glandule I think we borrow this name Glaunders for when the horse is troubled with this disease he hath greate kyrnelles vnderneath his Iawes easy to be seene or fealte payning him so as he can not easily swallow downe his meate whiche commeth firste of colde distillation out of the heade But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps go away of them selues or else by laying a little hote horse dong straw vnto them the warmth wherof will dissolue them and make them to vanishe away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but increase and waxe greater and greater and be more paynefull euerye day than other and cause the horse to caste continually filthy and stinking matter out at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First rype the kyrnelles with this playster Take of Branne two handefull or as much as will thicken a quart of wyne or Ale then putte therevnto halfe a pounde of Hogges greace and boyle them together and lay it hote to the sore with a clothe renuing it euery day vntill it be ready to breake then launce it and let out al the matter and taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dipte in this salue Take of Turpentyne of Hogs greace of eche like quantity and a little waxe and melt them together and renue the taynt euery day vntill it be whole Laurentius Russius sayth that this disease is very cōmon to Coltes bycause in them doth abounde fluxible moysture apt to to be dissolued with euery little heate and so turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer yong he woulde haue you first to let him bloude in the necke vayne and then to lay vnto the sore a ryping playster made of Mallowes Linseede Rewe Wormewood ground Iue oyle of Bayes and Dyalthea and to annoynt his throte also and al the sore place with fresh butter And the sore being rype to launce it or else to rowle it that the matter may come forth But if the kirnelles will not decrease with this then pull them away by the rootes to dry vp the vlcerous place with an oyntmente made of vnslect Lyme Pepper Brymstone Nitrum and oyle Oliue It shall be good also to purge his heade by perfuming him euery day once in suche sorte as haue bene before declared And let the horse be kept warme about the heade and stande in a warme stable and let him drinke no colde water But if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnelles the horse doth not for all that leaue casting fylthy matter at
Sage Ieneper Bay leaues and Hysop And lette his drynke be warme water myngled with wheat meale yea and to make it the more comfortable it were good as Russius sayth to put therevnto some Cynamon Gynger Galingale and such hote spyces And his meat in Winter season would be none other but sodden corne or warme mashes made of ground Mault and wheate Branne in Sommer season if he wente to grasse I thinke it woulde doe him most good so that he go in a dry warm groūd for by feding alwayes downeward he shal purge his heade the better as Russius sayth Thus muche of the Glaunders mourning of the Chyne Nowe we will speake somewhat of the Stranguylion according to the opinion of the old Authours though not to the satisfaction perhappes of our Englishe Ferrers Of the Stranguylion or Squynancye The .lxvii. Chapter THe Stranguylion called of the Latens Angina according to the Phisitians is an inflamation of the inwarde parts of the throte and as I sayde before is called of the Greekes Sinanchi whiche is as muche to say in Englishe as a strangling wherof this name Stranguylion as I thinke is deryued for this disease doth strangle eyther man or beast therefore is numbred amongst the perillous and sharpe diseases called of the Latens Morbi acuti of which strangling the Phisitians in mannes body make foure differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appeareth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the pacient is in great perill of strangling The second is when the inward partes of the throte onlye be inflamed The thirde is when the inwarde and outward parts of the throte be both inflamed The fourth is when the Muskles of the necke are inflamed or the inwarde ioyntes therof so losened as they strayten therby both the throte or wesand or windpipe for shorte breath is incident to all the foure kindes before recyted and they procede all of one cause that is to say of some Colorick or bloudy fluxion which commes out of the braunches of the throte vaynes into those partes and there bredeth some hote inflamation But nowe to proue that a horse is subiecte to this disease you shall heare what Absirtus Hierocles and Vegetius and others doe say Absirtus wryting to his frende a certayne Ferrer or Horsleache called Aistoricus speaketh in this maner When a horse hath the strāguylion it quickly killeth him the sygnes wherof be these His temples will be hollowe his tongue will swell hang out of his mouth his heade and eyes also will be swollē and the passage of his throte stopt so as he can neyther eate nor drinke All these sygnes be also confirmed by Hierocles Moreouer Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedes of aboundaunce of subtill bloude whiche after long trauell wil inflame the inwarde or outwarde muskels of the throte or wesand or suche affluence of bloude may come by vse of hote meates after great trauel being so alteratiue as they cause those partes to swell in such sorte as the horse can neyther eate nor drinke nor drawe his breath The cure according to Vegetius is in this sort First bath his mouth and tongue well with hote water and then annoynte it with the gall of a Bull that done giue him this drinke Take of olde oyle two pounde of olde wyne a quarte nine Figges and nine Leekes heades well stampte and brayed together And after you haue boyled these a whyle before you strayne them put therevnto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and giue him a quarte of this euery morning and euening Absirtus and Hierocles woulde haue you to let him bloude in the palat of his mouth and to poure wyne oyle into his nosetrilles and also to giue him to drink this decoction of Fygges and Nitrum sodden together or else to annoynt his throte within with Nitre oyle and hony or else with hony and Hogs dong myngled together which differeth not much from Galen his medicine to be giuen vnto man For he sayth that hony mingled with the powder of Dogges dong that is whyte and swalowed downe doth remedy the Squinancye presentlye Absirtus also prayseth the oyntmente made of Bdellinum and when the inflamation beginneth somewhat to decrease he sayth it is good to purge the horse by giuing hym wylde Concumbre and Nitre to drinke Let hys meate be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drinke also be luke warme water with some Barly meale in it Of the Cough The .lxviii. Chapter OF Coughes some be outward and some be inwarde Those be outwarde whiche doe come of outwarde causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharpe bearded straw and such lyke things which tycling his throte causeth him to Coughe You shall perceyue it by wagging and wrying his heade in his choughing by stamping sometyme with his foote labouring to get out the thing that grieueth him and can not The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rowled throughout with a fyne Linnen clout and then annoynte it all ouer with hony and thrust it downe his throte drawing your hande to and fro to the intente it may eyther dryue downe the thing that grieueth him or else bring it vp and doe thys twice or thrice annoynting at euery tyme the sticke with fresh hony Of the inwarde and wet Coughe The .lxix. Chapter OF inwarde Coughes some be wet and some be dry The wet cough is that which commeth of colde taken after some greate heate giuen to the horse dissoluing humors which being afterwarde congealed doe cause obstruction and stopping in the lungs And I cal it the wet coughe bycause the horse in his coughing will voyde moystye matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The sygnes be these The horse will be heauy and his eyes will run a water and he will forsake his meate and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great paine at the first as though he had a dry cough vntill the Flegme be broken and then he will cough more hollow which is a sygne of amendment And therfore according to Martins experience to the intent the Flegme may breake the soner it shall be necessarye to kepe hym warme by clothing him with a double cloth and by litteryng him vp to the bellye with freshe strawe then to giue him this drinke Take of Barlye one Pecke and boyle it in two or thre Gallons of faire water vntill the Barlye begin to bruste and boyle therewith of broused Lycoras of Annis seedes of Raysins of eche one pounde then strayne it and to that lyquor put of hony a pynte and a quarterne of Sugercandy and keepe it close in a potte to serue the horse therewith foure seuerall morninges and cast not away the sodden Barly with the rest of the strayninges but make it hote euery day to perfume the horse withall
bloude of sucking Pigges newe slayne and some the iuyce of Leekes together with oyle and wyne myngled together Others prayse wyne and Franconcense some oyle and Rhew some woulde haue hys bodye to be purged and sente to grasse Of the Consumption of the flesh and howe to make a leane horse fatte The .lxxvi. Chapter MArtin sayth that if a horse take a great colde after a heat it will cause his fleshe to waste his skin to waxe hard dry to cleaue fast to his sides and he shall haue no appetite vnto his meate and the fillettes of his backe will fall away and all the fleshe of his buttockes and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heades vnfleaed boyle them in thre gallons of Ale or fayre running water vntyll the fleshe be consumed from the bones that done strayne it through a fine cloth and then put therevnto of Suger one pounde of Cynamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barbaries and of Cheries of ech two ounces and mingle them together giue the horse euery day in the morning a quarte thereof luke warme vntill all be spent and after euery tyme he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abrode if the weather be warme and not wyndye and let him neyther eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no colde water but luke warme the space of fiftene dayes and let him be fedde by little and little with such meate as the horse hath moste appetyte vnto But if a horse be neshe tender and so waxe leane without anye apparant griefe or disease then the olde wryters woulde haue him to be fed now and then with partched wheate also to drinke wyne with his water and to eate continuallye wheate branne mingled with his prouender vntill he wax strong and he must be often dressed and trymmed and laye soft without the which thinges his meate will doe him but little good And his meate must be fyne and cleane and giuen him often and by little at once Russius sayth that if a horse eating his meat with a good appetite doth not for all that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauyn Bay buryes Earth nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wyne or to giue him the intrayles of a Barble or Tench with whyte wyne He sayth also that sodden Beanes mingled wyth bran and salte will make a leane horse fatte in very shorte space Of griefe in the breast The .lxxvii. Chapter LAurentius Russius wryteth of a disease called in Italian Granezza di petto whiche hath not bene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learne It commes as Russius sayth of the superfluity of bloud or other humors dissolued by some extreme heate and resorting downe to the breast payning the horse so as he can not well goe The cure wherof according to Russius is thus Let him bloud on both sydes of the breast in the accustemed vaynes and rowel them vnder the breast and twice a day turne the rowelles with your hande to moue the humors that they may issue forth and let hym go so rowelled the space of .xv. dayes Of the payne at the harte called Anticor that is to say contrary to the heart The .lxxviii. Chapter THis procedes of abundaunce of ranke bloud bredde with good feeding and ouer much rest Which bloud resorting to the inwarde partes doth suffocate the hart and many tymes causeth swellings to appeare before the breast whiche wil grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the horse The sygnes The horse will hang downe his heade in the maunger for saking his meate and is not able to lifte vp his heade The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude on both sydes abundantlye in the plat vaynes and then giue him this drinke Take a quarte of Malmesy and put therevnto halfe a quarterne of Suger two ounces of Cynamō and giue it him luke warme Then kepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well aboute the stomacke that the winde offende him no maner of way and gyue him warme water wyth mault alwayes to drinke and giue him such meate as he wil eate And if the swelling do appeare then besydes letting hym bloude strike the swelling in dyuers places wyth your fleame that the corruption may go foorth and annoynt the place wyth warme Hogges greace and that will eyther make it to weare away or else to grow to a heade if it be couered and kept warme Of tyered horses The .lxxix. Chapter BYcause we are in hande here with the vitall partes and that when horses be tyered with ouer muche labour their vitall sprightes wax feble I thinke it best to speak of them euen here not with suche long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but brieflye to shewe you howe to refresh the poore horse hauing nede thereof which is done chieflye by geuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plentye of prouender And to quicken his sprightes it shall be good to poure a little oyle and Uineger into his nosetrilles and to giue him the drinke of shepes heades recyted before in the Chapter of the consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his legs with this bath Take of Mallowes of Sage of eche two or thre handfull and a rose Cake Boyle these thinges together and beyng boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet oyle Or else make him this charge Take of bole Armonye and of wheate flower of eche halfe a pounde and a little Rosen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his legges therwith and if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse Of the diseased partes vnder the mydriffe and first of the stomacke The .lxxx. Chapter THe olde Authours make mention of many diseases incidente to a horses stomacke as lothing of meate spuyng vp his drinke surfetting of prouēder the hungry euyll and such lyke which fewe of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I will briefly speake of as many as I think necessary to be knowen and first of the lothing of meate Of the lothing of meate The .lxxxi. Chapter A Horse maye lothe hys meate through the intemperature of his stomacke as for that it is to hote or to colde If his stomacke be to hote then most commonlye it will eyther inflame his mouth and make it to break out in blisters yea and perhappes cause some canker to breede there The cure of all whiche thinges haue bene taught before But if he forsake his meate onely for verye heate whiche you shall perceyue by the hotenesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomacke by giuing him colde water mingled with a little vineger and oyle to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wyne of eche one pynte and put therevnto three ounces of Mel Rosatum
you to learne at the Phisitians handes whiche I am sure first as touching the weakenesse of the Lyuer proceding of the vntemperatenesse therof wyll bid you to heale euery suche vntemperatenesse by his contrary that is to say heate by colde and drynesse by moysture and so contrary And therefore it shall be very necessarye for you to learne the qualities natures and vertues of hearbes drugs and all other simples and howe to applye them in time And for to heale the obstruction of the Lyuer they will councel you perhaps to make to the horse drinkes of such simples as these be Agrimony Fumitory Camamill Wormewoode Lycoras Annis seedes Smallage Perslye Spicknard Gentian Succory Endiue Sperage Lupius the vertues wherof you shal learne in the Herbals but amōgst all simples there is none more praysed than the Lyuer of a Wolfe beaten into pouder mingled in any medicine that is made for any disease in the Lyuer The cure of an inflamation consisteth in letting bloude and in bathing or fomenting the sore place with such hearbes oyles as may mollifie disperse humors abrode wherewith some simples that be astringent would be alwayes mingled yea and in all other medicins that be applyed to the Lyuer for any maner of disease Simples that mollify and disperse be these Linesede Fengreke Camamill Annis seedes Melilot such like things Simples astringent be these Redde Rose leaues Brimble leaues Wormewode Plantayne Myrrh Masticke Styrax and suche like Appostumes are to be ryped and voyded Ulcers must be clensed scowred downewarde eyther by the belly or by vrine and therefore the vse of suche simples as prouoke vrine in such cases is necessary The old wryters of Horseleach crafte do saye that when a horse is grieued in his lyuer he will forsake his meate his body will wast his mouth will be dry his tong rough and harshe yea and it wyll swell and he wil refuse to lye on that side where his griefe is The cure whereof according to Absirtus is in this sorte Let him drinke stampt Ireos with wine allayed with water He prayseth also an hearbe much like vnto Calamynt called of Plinie Polimonia or let him drinke Sauery with wine and oyle I thinke that Agrimony or Lyuer wort is as good as the best of them Absirtus woulde haue his body to be chaufed with wine and oyle mixte together and to be well littered that he may lye softe and his prouender that should be giuen him to be styped first in warm water and nowe and then some Nytrum to be put in his drinke Of the consumption of the Lyuer The .lxxxvij. Chapter I Beleue that no inward member of a Horse doth suffer so muche as the Lungs and Lyuer and that not so much by continuall as by vnordinate and vntimely trauell labor and exercise whereby eyther the Horses Lungs or his Lyuer doe moste commonly perishe and is consumed yea and sometyme both Of the consumption of the Lungs we haue talked sufficientlye before Therefore let vs shewe you here the causes wherof the consumption of the Lyuer procedeth The Phisitians say that it maye come of anye humor but chiefly and most commonlye of Choloricke matter shead thorowout the substance of the Liuer which putrifying by little and little and laysurely doth at length corrupt and perishe all the substance of the Lyuer which thing in mannes body doth first proceede as the Phisitians say eyther by eating corrupt meates or else by continual drinking of swete wynes But me thinkes that the consumption of a horses Lyuer shoulde come by some extreme heate inflaming the bloud which afterwarde being putrifyed doth corrupte and exulcerate the substance of the Lyuer For after inflamation as I sayde before commeth appostumation and then exulceration which is very hard to cure bycause the substāce of the Lyuer is spongious lyke vnto the Lungs whylest the Lyuer is so corrupted there can be no good digestion for lacke whereof the body receyueth no good nutriment and therefore must nedes also languish and consume The sygnes according to Martin be these The horse wil forsake his meate and will stande stretching him selfe in length and neuer couet to lye downe and his breath wyll be so strong as no man can abide it and he will continually cast yealowishe matter at the one nosetrill or else at both according as one or both sides of the Lyuer is corrputed and on that syde that he casteth he will haue vnder hys iawe euen about the midst thereof a knob or kirnell as muche as a Walnut which when Martin findeth he committeth his carcasse to the Crowes taking him to be past cure But if he were let bloude in time and had such drinkes giuen him as are good to comfort and strengthen the Lyuer he thinketh that the horse might be recouered I neuer red any medicine for the wasting of the Lyuer as I remember but this onelye dyet which I founde in an olde English booke Let him drinke for the space of three dayes no other thing but warme wort and let him eate no other meate but Otes baked in an Ouen and let him stande meatelesse the firste night before you giue him the wort But I thinke it were not amisse to put into the worte that he drinketh euery morning some good confection or pouder made of Agrimony red Rose leaues Saccharū Rosaceum Diarchadon Abbatis Diasantalon Lycoras and of the Lyuer of a Woulfe and such other simples as doe comfort strengthen the Lyuer or else to giue him the same things with Goates milke luke warme Of the diseases in the Gall. The .lxxxviij. Chapter IN my opinion the Gall of a Horse is subiect to dyuers diseases as well as the Gall of a man as to obstruction whereof commeth fulnesse and emptynesse of the Bladder therof and also the stone in the Gal. But obstruction may chaunce two maner of wayes First when the way wherby the Cholor should proceede from the Lyuer vnto the Bladder of the Gall as vnto his proper receptacle is stopped thereby the Bladder remayneth empty whereof may spring dyuers euill accidents as vomiting the laxe or bloudy Flyx Secondlye when the way wherby such Cholor should issu forth of the Bladder of the Gall downe into the Guttes is shutte vp whereby the Bladder is ouer full and aboundeth with to muche Cholor whiche causeth heauinesse suffocatiō belking heate thirst and disposition to angrynesse The signes of both kindes of obstruction in the Gall is costluenesse and yealowishnesse of the skinne infected with the yeallow Iaundis The stone in the gal which is somewhat blackishe proceedeth of the obstruction of the cunduyts of the Bladder whereby the Cholor being long kept in waxeth dry and turneth at length to harde grauell or stones whereof bycause there is neyther sygnes nor any grieuous accident knowē to the Phisitians I leaue to talk any further therof and the rather for that none of my Authours do make any mention of the Gall at all
the horse a drinke made of Tyme Comin of ech lyke quantity stampt together mingled with wyne hony and water and also by letting him bloude in the pastornes This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from that which our Ferrers call the yeallows The signes wherof according to Martin be these The horse will be faint and sweat as he standeth in the stable and forsake his meate and his eyes and the inside of his lippes and all his mouth within wil be yeallow The cure whereof according to him is in this sorte Let him bloud in the necke vayne a good quantity and thē giue him this drinke Take of white wyne or of Ale a quart put thervnto of Saffron of Turmerike of eche halfe an ounce and the iuyce that is wrōg out of a great handefull of Selondine and being luke warme giue it the horse to drinke and kepe him warme the space of thre or foure dayes giuing him warme water with a little branne in it Of the euill habit of the body and of the Dropsie The .xci. Chapter AS touching the drynesse and consumption of the fleshe without any apparant cause why called of the Phisitians as I sayd before Atrophia I know not what to say more than I haue done already before in the Chapter of Consumption of the flesh and therefore resorte thyther and as for the euill habitte of the body which is to be euill coloured heauy dull and of no force strength nor lyuelinesse commeth not for lacke of nutryment but for lacke of good nutriment for that the bloud is corrupted with Flegme Cholor or Melancholy proceding eyther from the splene or else through weakenesse of the stomacke or Lyuer causing euill digestion or it may come by fowle feding yea and also for lacke of moderate exercyse The euill habit of the body is nexte cosyn to the Dropsye wherof though our Ferrers haue had no experience yet bycause mine olde Authors wryting of horse leache craft do speake much therof I thinke it good here briefly to shewe you their experience therein that is to say howe to knowe it and also howe to cure it But sith none of them do shew the cause wherof it procedes I thinke it mete firste therefore to declare vnto you the causes thereof according to the doctrine of the learned Phisitians which in mans body do make thre kinds of Dropsyes calling the first Anasarca the second Ascites and the thirde Timpanias Anasarca is an vniuersall swelling of the body throughe the aboundaunce of water lying betwixt the skin and the fleshe and differeth not from the disease last mentioned called Cachexia that is to say euyll habit of the body sauing that the bodye is more swollen in this than in the Cachexia albeit they procede both of like causes as of coldenesse weakenesse of the Lyuer or by meanes that the heart splen stomacke and other mēbers seruing to digestiō be grieued or diseased Ascites is a swelling in the couering of the belly called of the Phisitians Abdomen cōprehending both the skin the fat eyght Muscles and the fylme or panicle called Peretoneum throughe the aboundaunce of some wayish humor entred into the same which be sydes the causes before alleaged proceedeth moste chieflye by meanes that some of the vessels within be brokē or rather cracked out of the which though the bloud being somwhat grosse can not issue forth yet the wayish humor being subtill may run out into the belly lyke water distilling through a cracked potte Timpanias called of vs moste commonly the Timpany is a swelling of the foresayde couering of the belly through the aboundance of winde entred into the same whiche winde is ingendred of crudity and euill digestion and whylest it aboundeth in the stomacke or other intrayles finding no issue out it breaketh in violently through the small conduits amongst the pannicles of the sayd couering not without great paine to the pacient so by tossing to and fro windeth at length into the space of the couering it selfe But surely such winde can not be altogether voyd of moysture Notwithstanding the body swelleth not so muche with this kinde of Dropsye as in the other kinde called Ascites The sygnes of the Dropsye is shortnesse of breath swelling of the body euill Colour lothing of meate and great desire to drinke and specially in the Dropsye called Ascites in which also the belly will sound like a Bottle halfe full of water but in the Timpany it will sounde lyke a Tabor But nowe though mine Authours make not so many kindes of Dropsyes yet they say all generally that a horse is much subiect to the Dropsye The sygnes according to Absirtus and Hierocles be these His belly legges and stones will be swollen but his backe buttockes and flankes will be dryed and shronke vp to the verye bones Moreouer the vaynes of his face and temples and also the vaynes vnder his tongue will be so hidden as you can not see them and if you thrust your finger harde against his body you shall leaue the printe therof behinde for the fleshe lacking naturall heate will not returne againe to his place and when the horse lyeth downe he spreadeth him selfe abrode not being able to lye rounde togyther on his belly and the haire of his backe by rubbing will fall away Pelagonius in shewing the signes of the Dropsye not much differing from the sygnes of the Phisitians firste recited seemeth to make two kindes therof calling the one the Timpany whiche for difference sake may be called in Englishe the winde Dropsye and the other the water Dropsye Notwithstanding both haue one cure so farre as I can perceyue whiche is in this sorte Let him be warme couered and walked a good while together in the sunne to prouoke sweate and let all his body be well and often rubbed alongst the haire and let him fede often on Colewortes Smallage and Elming bowes and of all other things that may loosen the belly or prouoke vrine and let his common meate be grasse if it may be gotten if not then hay sprinckled with water and Nitrum It is good also to giue him a kinde of pulse called Cyche steeped a day and a night in water and then takē out and layde so as the water may drop away from it Pelagonius woulde haue him to drinke Parslye stampte with wine or the roote of the hearb called in Latin Panax with wine But if the swelling of the belly wil not decrease for all this then slitte a little hole vnder his belly a handfull behind the Nauill and put into that hole a hollow Reede or some other Pype that the water or wind may go out not all at once but by little and little and at dyuers times and beware that you make not the hole ouerwide least the Caule of the belly fall downe therevnto and when all the water is cleane runne out then heale vp the wounde as you doe all other woundes and let the Horse
thicke outwarde guttes for if it be in the inner guttes then the matter and bloude wyll be perfectly mixt together But if it be in the outwarde guttes then they be not mingled together but come out seuerally the bloude most commonly following the matter Of this kinde is that disease called before Tenasmus for that is an vlcer in the right gutte seruing the fundament and doth procede euen as the Flix doth of some sharpe humors which being violently driuen and hauing to passe thorow many croked and narrow wayes doe cleaue to the guttes and with their sharpenesse frette them causing exulceration and grieuous paine The Flyxe may come also of some extreme colde heate or moystnesse or by meane of receyuing some violent purgation hauing therin ouer much Scamonie or such like vyolent simple or through weakenesse of the Lyuer or other members seruing to digestion Nowe as touching the falling out of the fundament the Phisitians say that it commeth through the resolution or weakenesse of the Muskles seruing to drawe vp the fundament which resolution may come partly by ouer much straining and partly they may be losened by ouer much moysture for whiche cause children being full of moysture are more subiect to this disease than men And for the selfe same cause I thinke that horses hauing verye moyst bodyes be subiect therevnto Thus hauing shewed you the causes of the diseases before recited I wil shewe you the cure prescribed by the old writers Absirtus would haue the fundament on the out side to be cutte rounde about but so as the inwarde ring thereof be not touched for that were daungerous and would kill the horse for so muche as his fundament woulde neuer abide within his body that done he would haue you to giue him to drinke the pouder of vnripe Pomgranet shelles called in Latine Malicorium together with wine and water whiche in dede bycause it is astringent is not to be mislyked but as for cutting of the fundament I assure you I can not iudge what he shoulde meane thereby vnlesse it be to wyden the fundament by giuing it long slittes or cuttes on the out side but wel I know that it may cause more payne greater inflamation And therefore me thinkes it were better in this case to follow the Phisitians preceptes which is first to consider whither the fundamēt being fallen out be inflamed or not for if it be not inflamed then it shall be good to annoint it firste with oyle of Roses somewhat warmed or else to washe it with warme redde wyne But if it be inflamed then to bath it well first with a sponge dipt in the decoctiō of Mallowes Camamil Linescede and Fengreke and also to annoint it wel with oile of Camomill Dill mingled together to asswage the swelling and then to thrust it in againe faire and softly with a softe linnen cloth That done it shall bee good to bath all the place about with red wine wherin hath bene sodden Acatiū Galles Accorne cuppes parings of Quinces and suche lyke simples as be astringent then to throw on some astringent powder made of bole Armenye Frankencense Sanguis Draconis Myrrh Acatium and such like Yea and also to giue the horse this drink much praysed of all the olde wryters Take of Saffran one ounce of Myrrh two ounces of the hearbe called in Latin Abrotanum named in some of our English Herbals Sothernwod thre ounces of Parslie one ounce of Garden Rhew otherwise called herbe grace thre ounces of Pirethum otherwise called of some spittlewort and of Isop of eche two ounces of Cassia which is like Cinamom one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fine powder then mingled with Chaulk strong Uineger wrought into a paste of which paste make little Cakes and dry them in the shadow and being dryed dissolue some of thē in a sufficient quantity of Barly milke or iuyce called of the olde wryters and also of the Phisitians Cremor Ptisanae giue the horse to drinke thereof with a horne for this medicine as the Authours write doth not onely heale the bloudy Flix ▪ and the other two diseases before recited but also if it be giuen with a quarte of warme water it will heale all griefe and payne in the belly and also of the Bladder that cōmeth for lacke of staling And being giuen with sweete wine it will heale the byting of any Serpent or mad dogge Of the Wormes The .xcvi. Chapter IN a Horses guttes doe breede thre kinds of Wormes euen as there doth in mans body though they be not altogether lyke in shape The first are long and rounde euen lyke to those that children do most commonly voyde and are called by the generall name wormes The seconde are lyttle wormes hauing great heades and small long tayles lyke an Edle and be called Bottes The third be shorte thicke lyke the ende of a mans little finger and therefore be called Troncheons And though they haue dyuers shapes according to the diuersity of the place perhappes wher they brede or else according to the figure of the putrifyed matter whereof they brede yet no doubt they procede all of one cause that is to say of a rawe grosse and flegmatike matter apt to putrification ingendred most commonly by fowle feeding and as they proceede of one selfe cause so also haue they like signes like cure The signes be these The horse will forsake his meate for the Tronchons and the Boltes will couet alwayes to the Maw payne him sore He will also lye downe and wallow and standing he will stampe strike at his belly with his hinder foote and loke often towarde his belly The cure according to Martin is thus Take of swete milke a quarte of hony a quarterne and giue it him luke warme and walke him vp and downe for the space of an houre and so lette him rest for that day with as little meate or drinke as may be and suffer him not to lye downe Then the next day giue him this drinke Take of herbe grace a handefull of Sauine as muche and being well stampt put therevnto a little Brimstone and a little soote of a Chimney beatē into fyne powder and put all these things together in a quarte of worte or newe Ale and there lette them lye in steepe the space of an houre or twoo then strayne it well through a fayre cloth and giue it the horse to drinke luke warme then brydle him and walke him vp and downe the space of an houre that done bryng him into the Stable and let him stande on the bitte two or three houres and then giue him a little hay Laurentius Russius sayth that it is good to giue the horse the warme guttes of a yong Henne with a little salte three dayes together in the morning and not to let him drinke vntill it be Noone Some say that it is good to ryde him hauing hys byt first annointed with dong comming hote from the man
vnto her to wooe her foure or fyue daies before you would haue her couered which nagge wold be so fettered as he maye not couer her thoughe shee would perchaunce enclyne vnto hym which when you perceiue she dothe remoue the nagge from her and put the Stallion vnto her so shal she stand stil of her owne accorde and receyue the stallion the more wyllyngely But the reddyest meanes to make a mare to desyre the horse is as Columella saith to annointe her matrixe with the ioyce of a certaine herbe called of him Scilla and of Palladius Squilla whiche some of our phisitions do call a sea Oynion because it groweth as well in the sea as on the lande and hath a head or roote lyke an oyniō It is very good also to rub her matrixe with nettles whiche as Russius saith will not onely cause the mare to suffer the Horse to leape her but also to engender with him Whiche otherwise many tymes perhappes she cannot do for want of naturall heate in her matrixe That the nettle is a prouoker of venery it is not vnknowen to the playne wyues of the countreye whiche when their hennes wyll not laye nor suffer to be troden do vse to nettle their tayles that makethe them as they say to desyre the Cocke and also to lay Againe Anatolius sayth that to annoynte her matrixe with hennes dunge and turpentine mingled together will marueilously prouoke her luste But if you see that your horse hath no lust to engender then make as thoughe you woulde dryue the mare from hym and that wyll make him the more desirouse of her It is good also to wipe the matrixe of that mare which desireth the horse with a spunge and to put that to the Stallions nose the sauour wherof will prouoke his courage Also the pyssill of a Stagge beinge bourned and made into fyne pouder and put into stronge wyne wyll prouoke his courage if his yarde stones be washed therwith But I haue ben taught by men of experiēce that if a good quantitie of the powder aforesaide together with these powders folowing that is of Annisesedes of a roote called Satyrion and of Basyll of eche lyke quantity be giuen the horse to drink in a warme mashe made of water and wheaten meale the nyghte before you woulde haue him to couer any mare it wil not only prouoke his courage but also make his seede of such force as it will holde and not quaile And the lesse that eyther horse or mare drynketh whylste they attende to generation the better it shal be for them for ouer much drincke wyll not onely make the seede thinne and watery and so as it shall not holde but also as I sayd before make the horse pursye yea and put his wynde in ieoperdie But if you see that after the time of couering the stallion continueth still to full of luste and courage then it shal be good to annoynt his stones with a lyttle salet oyle and that wyll abate his courage and the soner if you stepe a lyttle lettise in the oyle somewhat before The same medicine also wyll abate a Mares courage if her matrixe be annoynted therwith And some write that the cuttynge of her maine dothe abate her courage These medicines perhappes wyl offende the delycate eares of some persons that are more nyce then wyse But I trust the discrete man wyll not be offended to heare theym but rather learne discretely to vse them as nede shal require For I assure you they were no fooles that wrote them but learned wyse and men of great experyence ¶ Whiche mares shoulde be couered euery yere which not And howe to do that those mares that you wolde haue to beare euer yere shall not goe barraine Cap. ix PAlladius and Columella wold haue those Mares that be very beawtyful and faire and therewyth haue not onlye bene well horsed but also haue horse foles suckinge on them not to be couered euery yeare but euerye seconde yeare or rather thirde yeare to thintent that their foles may sucke the lenger time also be fed with the more pure milke And as for all other mares they wold haue them to beare euerye yeare and to be couered againe so soone as their foles are .v. or .vi. dayes olde so that they be in good lust and not to poore And to the intent that none such shoulde go barren it shal be necessarye not only to enforce them by such wayes as haue bene shewed you before to the horse in the spring tyme but also about Laminas or in the beginninge of August and to suffer a Stallion to run with them thre wekes or a month to thintent that if any of them chaunced not to conceyue at the first coueringe they maye nowe be serued But be sure that some one of the Mares be readye to be couered when you turne the stallion into them least perpaps he beate aswell those that be with fole as the others and so do more harme then good And by vsynge this order you shal be sure to kepe no Mare barren all the yeare onlesse that the Mare be barren by meanes of some sicknes Wherof I shal treate hereafter when I come to the diseases of horses there shew you how to cure the same Howe Mares shoulde be vsed after they haue conceyued and are with fole and what causeth them to caste their foles before theyr tyme. Cap. x. AFter that your Mares haue conceyued you muste beware you labour theim not ouer much and specially that they beare no heauye burdens for feare of kyllynge their foles in their bellies Also you must see that whilest Sommer lasteth they go in a good pasture not hauing ouer rank grasse but short and swete that they lacke no good water And in winter when the grasse fayleth that they be fedde with swete haye and that they lye drye and warme in some busshy close woode or groue or els vnder some houel but so as they be not skanted of roume nor thronged vp together for that is daungerous and maye cause aborsment that is to saye to cast their foles before theyr tyme. Anatolius also sayth that the chaunge of straunge pasture or water will cause aborsement Agayne Russius sayth that if they chaunce to eate the maste of Cerre trees they shall be in daunger of aborsement Or if any of them be couered wyth an Asse after that shee hath conceyued by a horse or chaūce to treade vpon a wolfe or where a wolf hath troden it will cause her to caste her fole Also all stinking sauours as the snuffing of candles or torches or suche lyke will cause aborsement as some authours wryte aswell in Mares as in women Wherefore all suche thinges woulde be foresene and in anye case kepe your Mares whilest they go with fole neither to leane nor yet to fat but in good plight for if they be to leane they wil either cast their foles or els bring forth staruelinges Agayne if they
be to fat euery place of their bodyes will be so fylled as the foles within their bellyes cannot haue roume sufficient to growe and to prosper by meanes whereof eyther the foles shall be but little ones or elles the Mares theim selues shall be in greate daunger at the tyme of their folynge by reason that their cundittes be ouermuch strayghtned with fatte And therefore the Scythians which is a people of the North vsed as Aristotle wryteth moderately to iourney and to trauel their Mares after they were quickened to the intente that they myght haue the easier folynge For truely moderate labour and exercise at that tyme muste nedes do theym muche good But to trauell them imediately vppon conception or when they be verye great and redy to fole is daungerous For the fruite of the wōbe in all beastes maybe well compared to the fruyte of the Apple tree which at the first blossominge and also when it is through rype and mellow wyll be blowen downe with euery lyght wind but in the middle time betwixt both it cleueth so fast vnto the braunches of the tree as it wil scant be throwen downe with coudgelles ¶ How to helpe a Mare that is in daunger at the tyme of her folyng And how you shall cause her to expell her secundyne or cleane Cap. xi BUt if it so happen that a mare by any myschaunce be in daunger at the tyme of her folynge then it is neadefull to helpe her causynge one to holde her nostrilles in a gentle maner close in his hande and so to stoppe her breath and it shal make her to fole with more ease and also the soner which is not very paynefull for any man to do for somuch as the Mare foleth standing whereby he shall not nede greatelye to stoupe Agayne if the secundine which is the skynne wherin the fole is wrapped doth not come all out naturally of the owne accorde then vse this remedy Take a good handfull or twoo of Fenell and boyle it in water then take halfe a pynte of that and another halfe pynte of olde wyne and put therunto a fourth part of oyle and mingle them altogether ouer the fyre and beinge but luke warme poure it into the mares nostrilles and holde her nostrilles close with your hand to kepe it in a prety while after And that shall forse the secundine to come foorth whiche for the most parte both she and all other beastes do immedyately eate and swallowe vp agayne into their bellyes Which thinge the plaine folkes of the countrey if they can preuent it will not suffer their milche kine to doe in their time of cauluing saying that it will make them sicke and vnlustye And trulye I beleue it doth the mares no great good Some Authours wryte that when the mare doth eate vppe her secundyne or cleane for so the playne folkes tearme it she snappeth awaye also with her teeth a certeyne peace of fleshe growing lyke a fygge vpon the foles foreheade called of the Grekes and Latins Hippomanes Of the vertue whereof in matters of loue many monsterous tales by many learned Authours are recyted Wherof I think it not good to make the vnlearned partners And therefore I leaue to speake of it any further ¶ Howe to make a Mare to caste her fole that is not worthy to be bredde or for some other nedefull cause cap. xii YF a fayre mare in olde time had ben couered with a foule Royle or had ben wyth fole out of seasō or at such time perhaps as she must ronne for some greate wager then they would vse meanes to make her caste her fole before her time that was done eyther by force of hande or by medecine For if the fole were so farre growen that it had heare thei would cause one to thrust hys hande into the Mares wombe and to take the fole by the hedde and to crushe it in peces And if it had no heare then they would destroy it with medecines not nedefull here to be written Notwithstanding in myne opinion the surest waye if greater cause do not otherwise requyre were to tary till she hath foled of her owne kinde and then to kyll the fole ¶ How Mares should be vsed after they haue foled Also how long the foles shoulde sucke and how they ought to be vsed during their foleage also howe to harden their houes Cap. xiii IT is nedeful immediatly after the mares haue foled or rather a seuennight or a fortenight before they be redy to fole to put them into the warmest swetest and rankest pasture that you haue to the intent they lyinge warme and drye and faringe well maye haue plentye of milke to feede their foles For nothing doth hinder the growth of the foles more then cold and penury Moreouer Anatolius saith that it is very necessarye about two or three monethes after their folinge to chase them about the grounde to and fro or otherwise to exercise them with some moderate labour to make their milke come downe into their dugges And to thintent that the foles maye be fayre and fatte al the writers with one consent would haue them to sucke .ii. yeares and speciallye if they be horse foles yea some would haue them to sucke til thei offer to couer their dammes and lesse then one yere though they be Mare foles none that euer I coulde heare or reade of doth allowe And yet here in Englande they will scant suffer them to sucke .vi. monethes but wyl weane them before they be full halfe a yeare olde whiche truly I cannot commend for though many of them do proue to be great of bone and tall of stature yet the pyth within is not firme nor sounde neyther can they be so stronge so healthful or lyue so longe as those most commonlye do which sucke a longe tyme. For that sweete and moste naturall moysture and nutryment wherof they be depriued in their youth will neuer be gotten agayne so long as they liue Wherfore I wysh those that seeke to haue stronge and healthful Coltes to let them sucke one yeare at the least In olde tyme as it appeareth by Varro and Columella they vsed for warmeth sake to house bothe Mares and foles vntill their foles were ten dayes old and then to putte theim furth into the pasture Also when the foles were fyue Monethes old they vsed now and then to bring them into the house and there would geue them ground barley mingled with wheat branne and suche other softe kynde of foode And beinge a yeare olde they wold geue them firmer prouander as dried Barley and Branne contynuing so to do vntill they were .ii. yeres olde All which tyme the coltes also sucked and chiefly they did this to make them domestical and familiar and partly to make them fat and lustye and partlye agayne to acquaynt them with all kinde of meates but therewith they would touch them or handle them so litle as was possible for feare of hindering their groweth And among the
sayth that if you giue him mans dong in wyne to drinke thre morninges together it will heale him also take of blacke Elleborus two or three handefull and boile it in a sufficient quantitye of strong Vyneger and therewith rubbe and chause both his head and al his body once or twice in a day for the oftner his heade is rubbed the better and often excercyse is verye profitable to all his body Some againe woulde haue the skinne of his heade to be pearced in dyuerse places with a hote Iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuayle then the last remedy is to gelde him of both hys stones or else of one at the least for eyther that wyll heale him or else nothing As touchyng the dyet and vsage of a madde horse the Authors do not agre for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quyet house voyd from all noyse which Absirtus saith wil either make him madder or else kyll him out of hande His dyet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that day that he is let bloud receyueth hys drynke they would haue hym to faste vntyll Euen and then to haue a warme washe of Barlye meale yea me thynkes it were not amisse to feede him onelye with warme mashes and hay and that by little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Of the sleeping euill The xix Chapter THIS is a disease forcyng the beast continually to sleepe whether he will or not taking his memory and appetyte cleane awaye and therefore is called of the Phisitians Lethargus it procedeth of abundaunce of flegme moysting the brayne ouer much It is easy to knowe by the continuall sleeping of the horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloude in the necke and then giue him this drink Take of Camomyl Motherwort of eche two or thre handefull boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thervnto a little wheate branne salte and Uineger and let him drinke a pynte of that euerye day the space of thre or foure dayes together It is good also to perfume and chaufe his heade wyth Tyme and Peniryail sodden together in Uinegar or with Brymstone and Feathers burned vppon a chaufing dish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Perithre beaten to powder vp into his nosetrils yea and to annointe the palat of his mouth with Hony and Mustarde mingled together and in his drinke which woulde be alwayes warm water to put Parsely sede Fenel sede to prouoke vrine His legges also woulde be bathed and his Houes filled with wheate bran salte and Uineger sodden together and layd to so hote as he may endure it and in any case suffer him nor to sleepe but kepe him waking and styrring by continuall crying vnto him or pricking him wyth some sharpe thing that can not passe clene through the skinne or else by beating hym with a whip and thus doing he shall recouer Of a horse that is taken The .xx. Chapter A Horse is said to be taken when he is depryued of his feeling and mouing so as he is able to sturre no maner of waye but remayneth in suche state or fourme as he was taken in Whiche disease is called of the Phisitians by the Greeke name Catalepsis and in Laten Deprehensio or Congelatio and of Vegetius Sederatio which also calleth those beastes that haue this disease lumenta sideratitia The Phisitians say that it commeth of abundance of Flegme and Choler mixte together or else of Melancoly bloud which is a colde dry humor oppressing the hynder partes of the brayne But Vegetius sayth that it cōmeth of some extreme outwarde colde striking sodenlye into the emptye vaynes or of some extreme heate or of rawe disgestion or else of some greate hunger caused by long fasting It is easy to knowe by the discription before mentioned And as touching the cure Vegetius sayth that if it come of colde then it is good to giue him to drinke one ounce of Laserpitium with wine and oyle mixt together and made luke warme if of heate then to giue it him with water and hony it of crudite then to heale him by fasting if of hunger then by feeding him well with pease But Martin sayth that this disease is called of the Frenche men Surprius and it commeth as he sayth most chiefly of colde taken after a heate and he wissheth a horse that is thus taken to be cured in this sort First to be let bloude on both sydes of the breast and then to be put in a heate eyther by continuall sturring and molesting hym or else if he will sturre by no meanes then to bury him all saue the heade in a warme donghill and there to let hym lye vntill his lymmes haue some feeling And before you so bury him it shall be good to giue him this drinke Take of Malinesy thre pyntes and put thervnto a quarterne of Suger and some Cynamon and Cloues and let him drinke it good and warme and vntyll he be perfectly whole let him be kepte warme and often excercysed and walked vp and downe in the stable and thinlye dyeted and drinke nothing but warme water wherein if you put fome Fenell and Perslye seede to prouoke him to vryne it shall bee the better And if he cannot dong let him be raked and haue a glister made of the broth of Mallowes and freshe butter Of the Staggers The .xxi. Chapter THis is a doosinesse of the head called of the Latens Vertigo and of the Italians as I remember Capistura It commeth of some corrupte bloude or grosse and toughe humors ▪ oppressing the braine from whence proceedeth a vaporous sprighte dissolued by a weake heate which troubleth al the heade The sygnes be these dymnesse of fight the reeling and staggering of the horse who for very payne will thrust his heade agaynst the walles and forsake his meate The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude in the temple vaynes and then with a knife make a hole of an ynche long ouerthwarte his foreheade hard vnderneath his foretoppe and rayse the skyn with a cornette thrusting it vpwarde towardes the headstal a good handefull and then put in a teynt dypt in Turpentyne and Hogges greece molten together renuing the taynte euery day once vntill it be whole and doe the lyke vppon the rydge of the rumpe but me thinkes it were better to do the lyke in the powle of his heade or nape of his necke for so shoulde the euill humors haue both wayes the easyer and spedyer passage And as touching hys dyet let him haue continuallye warme drinke and mashes and once a day be walked vp and downe fayre and softly to excercyse his body Of the Falling euill The .xxii. Chapter THis is a kinde of convulsion or Crampe called of the Latens by the Greke name Epilepsia in
legges and lymmes Theomnestus cured his horse as he saith by placing him in a warm stable by making a clere fyre without any smoke round aboute him and the horse not being able to open his Iawes of him self he caused his mouth to be opened and put therein soppes dypt in a confertion called Entrigon Conditum and also annointed al his body with a medicin or oyntment called Acopū the making whereof hereafter foloweth dissolued in Cypres oyle which made him to fal into a sweat and being before halfe deade and more broughte him againe to his feeling and mouing so as he did rise and eate his meate The receyt of the medicine or oyntment called Acopum TAke of Euforbium two ounces of Castoreum foure ounces of Adarces half a pound of Bdellium thre ounces of Pepper one pounde of Foxe greece two ounces of Opoponax foure ounces of Lacerpitium three ounces of Amoniacum halfe a pounde of Pygions dong as much of Galbanum two ounces of Nitrum fiue ounces of Spumanitrie three ounces of Ladanum one pounde of Perethrum and of Bay buryes of eche thre ounces of Cardamomum eyght ounces of the seede of Rewe halfe a pounde of the seede of Agnus Castus foure ounces of Parslye two ounces of the dryed rootes of Ireos or Floure de Luce fiue ounces of Isoppe and of Carpobalsamū one pound of oyle of Floure deluce and oyle de Bay of ech one pound a halfe of oyle of Spiconard three pound of Oleum Ciprinum three pounde and halfe of the oldest oyle Oliue that you can possible get sixe pounde of Pitche not smelling of the smoke one pound eyght ounces of Turpētine one pound Melte euery one of these that will melte seuerally by them selues and then myngle them together with the rest of the simples beaten into fyne powder and after that they haue bene a little boyled on the fyre take it of straine it into a fayre vessell and whensoeuer you will giue your horse any therof giue it him with wine And if with long kepyng it waxeth harde then soften it with oyle of Cypres so as it may be good thicke This confection is both a medicin also an ointement is called of the old wryters Acopum Which if it be put into a horses nosetrilles it will drawe out all noysome humors and discharge his heade of all griefe yea this medicine healeth all Convulsions coldes drynesse or withering of the body and dryueth away all werynesse and tyering Of colde in the heade The .xxvi. Chapter ACcording as the colde whiche the horse hath taken is newe or olde greate or small and also according as humors do abounde in his heade and as suche humors be thicke or thin so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horse casteth lyttle or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great coughe but is onelye heauy in his heade and perhappes lightlye cougheth nowe than it is a sygne that he is stopped in the head whiche we were wont to call the pose But if his head be full of humors congealed by some extreme tolde taken of long tyme paste and that he casteth foule filthye and stinking matter out at the nose and cougheth grieuouslye then it is a sygne that he hath eyther the Glaunders or Stranguyllion Mourning of the Chayne or Consumption of the Lungs For all such diseases do breede for the most part of the Rheume or distillation that commeth frō the head Of the cures therof we leaue to speak vntil we come to talke of the diseases in the throte minding here to shewe you how to heale the Pose or colde before mentioned Martin sayth it is good to pourge his head by perfuming him with Franconcense and also to prouoke hym to neese by thrusting two Goose feathers dypt in oyle de Bay vp into his nosetrilles and then to trotte him vppe and down the space of halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to caste immedyately at the nose Laurentius Russius woulde haue him to be perfumed with wheate Peniryall and Sage sodden well together put into a bagge so hote as may be which bag would be so close fastned to his heade that all the sauour thereof maye ascende vp into his nosetrilles and his heade also woulde be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neese he would haue you to binde a softe cloute annoynted with Sope or else wyth Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a stycke and to thrust that vppe and downe into hys nostrilles so hye as you may conueniently go let him be kept warme and drink no colde water Yea it shall be good for three or foure dayes to boyle in his water a lyttle Senegreke Wheat meale and a fewe Annis seedes And euery day after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neese cause him to be trotted vppe and downe eyther in the warme Sunne or else in the house halfe an houre which woulde be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the diseases in the eyes The .xxvii. Chapter HOrses eyes be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or bloudshotten to be dymme of syght to haue the pyn and webbe and the haw whereof some commes of inwarde causes as of humors resorting to the eyes and some of outward causes as of colde heate or strype Of weping or watering eyes The .xxviii. Chapter THis as Laurentius Russius sayeth may come sometyme by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite bycause it doth not differ much from Martins experience here folowing Take of Pitche Rosen and Mastick lyke quantity melt them together Then with a little sticke hauing a cloute bounde to the ende thereof and dipte therein annoynt the temple vaynes on both sydes a handefull aboue the eyes as broade as a Testerne and then clap vnto it immediatly a fewe Flocks of like colour to the horse holding them close to his heade with your hande vntill they stycke faste vnto his heade then let him bloude on both sydes if both eyes be infected a handfull vnder the eyes Russius also thinketh it good to washe his eyes once a day wyth pure whyte wyne and then to blowe therein a lyttle of Tartarum and of Pomys stone beaten into fyne powder Of bloudshotten eyes for a blowe or ytching and rubbing in the eyes The .xxix. Chapter MArtin neuer vsed any other medicine than this water here folowing wherewith he did alwayes heale the foresayde griefes Take of pure rose water of Malmesy of Fenell water of eche thre sponefull of Tutia as muche as you may easely take with your Thombe and Finger of Cloues a dosen beaten into fyne powder mingle them well together and being luke warme or colde if you will washe the inwarde partes of the eye with a fether dipt therin twice a day vntill he be whole Russius sayth that to bloude shotten eyes it is good to
teeth shorter running alongst them euen from the first vnto the laste turning the hollow syde of your toole towards the teeth so shal not the toole cut the insides of his cheekes the backe or rounde syde being turned towarde the foresayde cheekes and that done washe all his mouth with Uineger and salte and let him goe Why the diseases in the necke wythers and backe be declared here before the diseases in the throte The .xlvii. Chapter HAuing hytherto spoken of the diseases incident to a horses heade and to all the partes therof Naturall order requireth that we should now discend into the throte as a parte next adiacent to the mouth But for so much as the diseases in the throte haue not onely affinity with the heade but also with the Lunges and other inwarde partes whiche are many tymes grieued by meanes of distillation comming from the head and through the throte I will first speake of the diseases incident to the necke wythers and backe of a horse to the intent that when I come to talke of diseases as Rheumes and distillations doe cause I may discourse of them orderlye without interruption Of the Crycke in the necke The .xlviii. Chapter BYcause a Crycke is no other thing but a kinde of Convulsion and for that we haue spoken sufficientlye before of all the kindes thereof in the Chapter of Convulsion I purpose not here therfore to trouble you with many wordes But onely shew you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The Crycke then called of the Italians Scima or Lucerdo according to Russius yea and according to Martin is when the horse can not tourne his necke anye maner of way but holde it still right forth in so muche as he can not take his meate from the grounde but by tymes and that very slowlye Russius sayth it commeth by meanes of some great wayght layd on the horses shoulders or else by ouer much drying vp of the Synewes in the necke The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Drawe him with a hote iron from the roote of the eare on both sydes of the necke through the middest of the same euen downe to the breast a strawe depe so as both endes may meete vpon the breast Then make a hole in his forheade hard vnder the foretoppe and thruste in a cornette vpwarde betwixt the skinne and the fleshe a handfull deepe then put in a goose feather doubled in the midest and annoynted with Hogs greace to kepe the hole open to the intent the matter may runne out the space of ten dayes But euery day during that tyme the hole muste be clensed once and the Feather also clensed and freshe annoynted and so put in agayne And once a day let him stande vppon the bitte one houre or two or be ridden two or thre Myles abrode by such a one as will beare his heade and make him to bring it in But if the Crycke be such as the horse can not hold his necke strayght but clene awry as I haue sene dyuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the horse be drawen with a hote Iron on both sydes of the necke but onely on the contrary syde As for example if he bende his heade toward the right syde then to drawe him as is aforesayde onely on the left syde and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue sayde and if nede be you may splent hym also with handesome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand ryght Of Wennes in the necke The .xlix. Chapter A Wen is a certayne kyrnell like tumor or swelling the insyde whereof is harde lyke a grystell and spongious lyke a skinne full of Wrettes Of Wens some be great some be small Againe some be very paynefull and some not paynefull at all The Phisitians say that they procede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius sayth that they chaunce to a horse by taking colde or by drinking of waters that be extreme colde The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Mallowes Sage and redde Netels of eche one handfull boyle them in running water and put thervnto a little butter and hony and when the hearbes be soft take them out and all to brouse them and put thervnto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogges greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done playster it vpon a pece of Leather so bygge as the Wen and lay it to so hote as the horse may indure it renuing it euery day in such sort the space of eyght dayes and if you perceyue that it will come to no heade then launce it from the middest of the Wen downewarde so depe as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and lette out that done heale it vp with this salue Take of Turpentyne a quarterne and washe it nine tymes in fayre newe water then put therevnto the yolke of an Egge and a little Englishe Saffron beaten in powder and make a taynt or rowle of Flax and dippe it in that oyntment and lay it vnto the sore renuing the same euerye day once vntill it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloud letting The .l. Chapter THis may come of the Flegme being rustye and so causing the vayne to rancle or else by meanes of some colde winde striking sodenlye into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoynt it with oyle of Camomill warmed and then lay vpon it a lyttle hay wet in colde water and binde it about with a cloth renuing it euery day the space of fiue or syx dayes to see whether it will grow to a heade or else vanishe away If it growe to a heade then giue it a slytte wyth a Launcet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by taynting it with Flaxe dypt in Turpentine and Hogs greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntill it be whole Howe to staunch bloude The .li. Chapter IF a horse be lette bloude when the sygne is in the necke the vayne perhaps will not leaue bleeding so sone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chaunce then Russius sayth it is good to binde therevnto a little newe horsedong tempred with chaulke and strong Uineger and not to remoue it from thence the space of three dayes or else to lay thervnto burnt Sylke Felt or Cloth for all such thinges will staunch bloud Of the falling of the Crest The .lii. Chapter THis commeth for the most part of pouertye and specially when a fatte horse falleth away sodenlye The cure according to Martin is thus Drawe his Creast the depenesse of a strawe on the contrary syde with a hote yron the edge of whiche yron would be halfe an ynch brode and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vpon the edge of the mayne euen vnderneath the
rotes of the same bearing your hande righte downewarde into the neckewarde then aunswere that with an other draught beneath so farre dystante from the first as the fall is brode compassing as it were all the fall but styll on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughtes right in the middest draw a thirde draught then with a button yron of an ynche about burne at eche ende a hole and also in the spaces betwixt the draughtes make dyuers holes distant thre fingers brode one from an other as this figure doth shew you that done to slake the fire annoynt it euerye day once for the space of nine dayes with a Feather dipt in fresh butter molten Then take of Mallowes and of Sage of eche one handful boyle them wel in running water and washe the burning away vntill it be rawe fleshe Then dry it vp with this powder Take of Hony halfe a pynte so muche slect Lyme as will make that hony thycke lyke paast Then holde it in a fyre pan ouer the fyre vntyll it be baken so harde as it may be made in powder sprincle that vpon the sore places Of the maunginesse in the Mayne The .liii. Chapter THe Maungynesse procedes of rancknesse of bloude or of pouertye of lowsynesse or else of rubbing where a Maungy horse hath rubbed and of filthy dust lying in the Mayne for lacke of good dressing The sygnes be aparaunt by the ytching and rubbing of the horse and the scabbes fretting both flesh and skinne The cure according to Martin is thus Take of fresh greace one pounde of Quicksyluer halfe an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of Rape Oyle halfe a pynte mingle them togyther and sturre them continually in a pot wyth a sclyce vntill the Quicksyluer be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceyue no Quicksyluer therin That done take a blunt knyfe or an olde horse-combe and scratch all the maungy places therwith vntill it be rawe and bloudy and then annoynt it with this oyntment in the sunne shine if it may be to the intente the oyntment maye sinke in or else holde before it a fyre pan or some brode barre of Iron made hote to make the oyntment to melte into the flesh And if you se that within the space of thre dayes after with this once annointing he leaue not rubbing then mark in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place agayne and you shall see it heale quicklye Of the falling of the haire of the Mayne The .liiii. Chapter IT falleth for the most part bycause it is eaten with little wormes fretting the rootes in sunder whiche according to Martin you shall remedye in this sorte Annoynt the mayne and creast with Sope then make strong Lye washe all the mayne and creast withall and that will kill the wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefes in the Wythers The .lv. Chapter TO a horses Wythers and backe doe chaunce manye griefes and sorances whiche as Russius sayth doe sometyme procede of inwarde causes as of the corruption of humors and somtime of outward causes as through the galling and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heauy burthen layd on the horses back or such like And of such griefes some be but superficiall blisters swellinges lyghte galles or brousinges and be easelye cured Some againe doe pearce to the verye bone and be daungerous and specially if they be nigh the backe bone let vs first then shewe you the cure of the smaller griefes and then of the greater Of Blystringes or small swellinges in the wythers or backe and of gallings The .lvi. Chapter WHen so euer you se any swelling ryse then Martin woulde haue you to bind a little hote horse dong vnto it and that will asswage it If not then to prycke it rounde about the swelling eyther with a fleame or else with a sharpe poynted knife not to deepe but so as it may pearce the skinne and make the bloud to issue forth That done Take of Mallowes or else of Smallage two or thre handfull and boyle them in running water vntill they be so soft as pappe Then strayne the water softlye from it and brose the hearbes in a Treane dishe putting thervnto a lyttle Hogs greace or else Salet oyle or shepes Sewet or any other fresh greace boyle them and stur them together not frying them harde but so as it may be softe and souple and then with a clout lay it warme vpon the sore renuing it euery day once vntill the swelling be gone For this will eyther dryue it away or else bring it to a head which lyghtly chaunceth not vnlesse there be some gristle or bone perished Russius biddeth you so sone as you see any swelling rise to shaue the place with a Rasor and to lay therevnto this playster Take a little wheate floure and the whyte of an Egge beaten together and spread it on a Linnen cloute whiche being layd vnto the swelling two or three dayes and not remoued wyll bryng it to a heade and when you come to take it of pul it away so softly as you can possibly and where as you se the corruption gathered together then in the lowest place thereof pearce it vpwarde with a sharp yron somewhat hote that the corruption may come out and annoynt the sore place euery day once with freshe butter or Hogges greace But if the skinne be only chaufed of without any swelling then washe the place with water and salte or else wyth warme wyne and sprincle this powder theron Take of vnsleyet Lyme â–ª a quantitye beaten in to fyne powder and mingle it with hony vntill it be so thick as Paast and make rolles or balles therof and bake them in a fyre panne ouer the fyre vntill they be so hard as they may be brought to powder for this is a very good powder to dry vp any galling or sore The powder of Mirre or burnt Silk Felt or cloth or of any olde post is also good for suche purposes but when so euer you vse this powder of Lyme and Hony let the place he first washed as is aforesaid Of greate swellinges and inflamations in a horses Wythers The .lvii. Chapter IF the swelling be very greate then the cure according to Martin is thus First draw rounde about the swelling with a hote yron and then crosse hym him with the same yron in this maner then take a rounde hote yron hauing a sharpe poynte and thrust it into the swelling place on ech side vpwarde toward the poynt of the Wythers to the intente that the matter may issue downewarde at both the holes That done taynt both the holes firste with a taint dipt in Hogges greace to kyll the fyre and also annoynt all the other burnt places therewith continuing so to doe vntill the swelling be aswaged renuing the taints euery day once vntill the fiery matter be fallen away and then taint him againe with washed Turpentyne mingled with yolkes of Egges and Saffron in such maner as
the nose then it is to be feared that he hath some spice of the mourning of the Chyne for both diseases doe procede of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it here presentlye Of the mourning of the Chyne The .lxvi. Chapter THys word mourning of the Chyne is a corrupt name borrowed of the Frenche tongue wherein it is called Mort deschyen that is to say the death of the backe Bycause many doe holde opinion that thys disease doth consume the marye of of the backe for remedy wherof they vse straunge kinds of cures For some taking it to be a Rheume go aboute to stoppe it by laying Astrictyue or byndyng charges vnto the nape of the necke Some agayne do twyne out the pyth of the backe with a long wyar thrust vp into the horses heade and so into his necke backe with what reason I knowe not Well I knowe that few horses do recouer that haue this disease Some agayne thinke that the Lungs of the horse be rotten and that the horse doth caste them out at his nose But Martin sayth that he hath cut vp dyuers horses which hath bene iudged to haue died of the mourning of the Chyne but he coulde neuer finde eyther backe or Lungs to be peryshed but onely the Lyuer and most commonly that syde of the Lyuer whiche aunswereth the nosetrill whereat he casteth whereof we wyll talke in his proper place when we come to speake of the diseases in the Lyuer The Italians doe call this disease Ciamorro the olde Authours do cal it the moyst Maladye whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter whiche he doth cast at the nose is whyte and doth not smell at all and in the other that whiche he casteth is a filthy and stinking corruption They procede both of colde humors congealed in the heade but more abounding in the one than in the other by reason perhappes that the horse was not cured in tyme for of colde first commeth the Pose and the Cough then the Glaunders and laste of all the mourning of the Chyne When the horse casteth matter at the nose that is not stinking he maye be easely cured by such remedyes as haue bene before declared in the Chapter of the Pose But if the matter be very filthye and stinking then it is verye harde to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieue me to wryte vnto you here the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of water and hony called of the Phisitians Hedromel a quart and put therevnto thre ounces of oyle and poure that into his nosetril euery morning the space of thre dayes and if that doe not profite him then let him drinke euerye day or once in two dayes a quarte of olde wyne mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meat called of the old wryters Tetrapharmacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius sayth that of all diseases there is none more perillous nor more to be suspected than the Rhewine whiche commeth of colde for horses haue large Cunduits and are full of moysture and therfore if colde once enter it findeth matter inough to worke on to breede continuall distillation as well outwardlye at the nose as inwardly discending downe to the vital parts ▪ in such sorte as it doth suffocat the same The sygnes according to the sayde Russius be these The horse doth cast matter continually at the nose some tyme thin and sometime thicke his nosetrils eares and all his outwarde partes will be colde to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heauy and he will coughe and haue smal appitite to his meat and lesse to his drinke and sometyme he will tremble and shake His cure is in this sorte Purge his heade partly by perfuming him and partly by making him to neese in such sort as hath bene before taughte in the Chapter of the Pose whiche waies of perfuming purging the head as they be good so doth Russius praise these two here folowing to be most excellent The first is this Take of the stalkes of vitis Alba otherwyse called Brioni or wilde Uine two or three good handfull and broose them betwixt two stones and being so brosed put them into a Linnen bagge and fasten the bagge to the horses heade so as he may receyue the scent vp into his nosetrilles without touching the hearbe with his mouth and this will cause the humors to come downe abundantlye The seconde medicine Take of Euforbiū beaten into fyne powder thre ounces of the iuyce of Betes one pounde of Swines bloud halfe a pounde Boyle all these together vntill they be thorowly myngled lyquid lyke an oyntment and then take it from the fire and put thervnto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them again thorowly together and preserue the same in a boxe to vse at nedefull tymes in this sort Make two styffe long rowles or tampins of linnen cloutes or such lyke stuffe sharpe poynted lyke Suger loues which tampins are called of the Phisitians in Laten Pessi and being annoynted with the oyntment aforesayde thruste them vppe into the horses nosetrilles and let them abyde therein a prety while then pull them out you shall see such abundaunce of matter come forth at his nose as is maruellous to behold Russius also prayseth very much this medicine here folowing Take as much of the middle barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as wil fil a newe earthen pot of a meane syse putting therevnto as much cleare water as the potte wyll holde and let it boyle vntill the one halfe be consumed then to be fylled vp againe with fresh water continuing so to do thre tymes one after an other and at the last time that the one halfe is consumed take it from the fyre and strayne it thorow a lynnen cloth Then take two partes of that decoction and one part of Hogges greace or butter and being warmed agayne together gyue the horse to drinke thereof one horne full and poure an other hornefull into his nosetrill that casteth and when so euer you giue him this medicine lette the horse be empty and fasting and kepe him without meate also two or three houres after For this is a very good drinke for any sicknesse that commeth of colde Moreouer open the skinne of his foreheade and of his temples also of his tayle with a sharpe hote yron that the corrupt humors may issue outward That done Take hote Bricks or else a pan freshe burning coales and holde it nighe vnto hys bellye and flankes to the intent they may be thorowly warmed being so warmed annoynt them all ouer with oyle de Bay or Dialthea to defende his body from the colde and let his head be well couered and all his bellye kepte warme Yea and it were good to bathe his heade sometime as Russius sayth with a bathe made of Rhewe Wormewood
being put into a bagge and tyed to his heade and if the horse will eate of it it shall doe him the more good And this perfuming in Winter seasō would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the sunne is of some heyght to the intent the horse may be walked abrode if the sunne shyne to excercyse hym moderately And vntill hys coughe weare awaye faile not to giue him warme water with a little ground Maulte And as his cough breaketh more and more so lette his water euery day be lesse warmed than other Of the dry Coughe The .lxx. Chapter THis semeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind pipes so as the horse cā not easly draw his breath if it continue it wyll eyther grow to the Pursick or else breake his winde altogether The sygnes be these He wil cough both often dryly and also vehementlye without voyding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen potte and put therin thre pyntes of strong Uineger and foure Egges shelles and all vnbroken and foure Garlick heades clene pilled broused and set the pot being very close couered in some warme donghill and there lette it stande a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the Egges which will be so soft as sylke lay them by vntil you haue strayned the Garlycke and Uineger thorow a fayre cloth then put to that lyquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugercandye and two ounces of Lycoras two ounces of Annis seedes beaten all into fyne powder And then the horse hauing fasted all the night before in the morning betwixte seuen and eyght of the clock open his mouth with a corde and whorle therein one of the Egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediatelye poure in after it a horne full of the foresayde drynke being first made luke warme and then cast in an other Egge with an other horne ful of drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vppe all the Egges and dronke vp all the drinke and then brydle him and couer him with warmer clothes thā he had before and bring him into the stable and there lette him stande on the bitte at the bare racke well littered vp to the bellye the space of two houres Then vnbitte him and if it be in Winter offer him a handeful of Wheaten straw if in Sōmer giue him grasse and let him eate no hay vnlesse it be very well dusted and sprinckled with water and giue him not much thereof And therfore you shall neede to giue hym the more prouender whiche also must be well clensed of all filthe and dust and giue him no colde water the space of nine dayes And if you perceyue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in Winter purge him with these pilles Take of larde two pounde layde in water two houres then take nothing but the cleene fatte thereof and stampe it in a morter and thereto put of Lycoras of Annis seedes of Fenegreke of eche beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agarice one ounce Knede these together lyke paast make thereof sixe balles as big as an Egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer nighte giue him the nexte morning these pilles one after another annointed with hony and oyle mingled together in a Platter and to the intente he may swallowe them downe whyther he will or not when you haue opened his mouth catch holde of his tongue and holde it faste whilest you whorle in one of the pilles that done thrust it into his throte with a rowling pinne and then let his tongue go vntill he hath swalowed it downe then giue hym in like maner all the rest of the pilles let him stande on the bit warme clothed and littered the space of thre houres at the least and after that giue him a little wette hay and warme water with a little grounde Maulte in it to drinke and lette him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weke And now and then in a fayre sunnye day it shall be good to trotte him one houre abroade to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs The .lxxi. Chapter THis procedes as Absirtus and Theomnestus sayth eyther of an extreeme coughe or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greadye drinking after greate thrist for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin film or skinne and therefore easy to be broken which if it bee not cured in tyme doth growe to appostumation and to corruption oppressing al the lungs which of the olde Authors is called Vomica and Supputatio But Theomnestus sayth that broken lungs rotten lungs be two dyuers diseases and haue dyuers sygnes dyuers cures The sygnes of broken lungs be these The horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his heade often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afrayde to coughe and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a frendes horse of his whose lungs were fretyzed or rather broken as he sayth by continual eating of salte with this maner of cure here folowing Let the horse haue quiet and rest then let him bloude in the haunches where the vaynes appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen dayes Barlye or rather Otes soden in Goates mylke or if you can get no milke boyle it in water and put therein some thicke Collops of Larde and of Deares sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in Sommer tyme the decoction of Barly and this as he sayth will binde his lungs agayne together Vegetius vtterlye disaloweth letting of bloude in any such disease as this is and also all maner of sharpe medicins for feare of prouoking the coughe by meanes whereof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neyther his medicins nor meate woulde bee harshe but smouth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be gyuen him at all tymes is this Take of Fengreke and of Lynsede of ech half a pounde of Gum dragant of Masticke of Mirre of Suger of Fytch floure of eche one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fyne powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme water and the next day giue him a quart of this luke warme putting therevnto two or three ounces of oyle of Roses continuing so to doe many dayes together and if the disease be new this will heale him Yea and it will ease him verye muche though the disease be olde whiche then is thought vncurable And in winter season so long as he stādeth in the stable let him drinke no colde water let his meate be cleene
without dust but in Sommer season it were best to let him run to grasse For so long as he eateth grasse a man shall scantly perceyue this disease thus much of broken lungs Of putryfied or rotten lungs The .lxxii. Chapter THe sygnes to knowe whether a horses lungs be putrifyed or rottē according to Theomnestus are these The horse wil both eate drink more gredily than he was wont to do and he shall be oftner vexed with a dry cough and in coughing he wil cast little lumps of matter out at his mouth The cure wherof according to Theomnestus is thus Giue him to drinke euery morning the space of seuen dayes the iuyce of Purslen mingled with oyle of Roses and adde thervnto a little Tragagantū that hath bene layde before in steepe in Goates mylke or else in barlye or oten milke strayned out of the corne When the Apostume is broken then a verye strong and euill sauour will come out at his nosetrilles For remedy whereof it shall be good to giue him the space of seuen dayes this drinke here folowing Take of the roote called Costus two ounces and of Casia or else of Cynamon thre ounces beaten into fyne powder and a fewe Raysins and giue it him to drinke with wyne But Vegetius woulde haue him to be cured in this sort and with lesse cost I assure you Take of Franconcense and of Aristoloch of eche two ounces beaten into fyne powder and giue him that with wine or else take of vnburnt Brimstone two ounces and of Aristoloch one ounce and a half beaten into powder and giue him that with wyne And he would haue you also to draw his breast with a hote yron to the intent that the humors may issue forth outwardly Of shortnesse of breath The .lxxiii. Chapter A Horse may haue shortenesse of breath by hastye running after drinking or vpon a full stomacke or by the discending of humors vnto his throte or lungs after some extreme heate dissoluing the sayd humors which so long as there is nothing broken maye in the beginning be easilye holpen The sygnes be these The horse will continually pant and fetch his breath shorte which wil come very hote out at his nose in his breathing he will squese in the nose and his flankes will beat thicke yea and some can not fetch their breath vnlesse they holde their neckes right out and straigth whiche disease is called of the olde wryters by the Greeke name Orthopnoea The cure Let him bloude in the necke and giue him this drinke Take of wyne and of oyle of eche a pynte of Franconcense halfe an ounce and of the iuyce of Horehound halfe a pynte It is good also to poure into his throte honye butter and Hogges greace molten together made luke warme Tiberius sayth it is good to giue him whole Egges shelles and al steeped and made soft in Uineger that is to say the first day thre the seconde day fyue and the thirde day seuen and to poure oyle and wine into his nosetrilles I for my part would take nothing but Annis seedes Lycoras and Sugercandy beaten al into fyne powder giue him that to drinke with wine and oyle mingled together Of the Pursicke The .lxxiiii. Chapter THis is a shortenesse of breath and the horse that is so diseased is called of the Italians Cauallo pulsino or Bolso whiche I thinke is deriued of the Laten worde Vulsus by chaunging V. into B. and I thinke differeth not muche from him that hath brokē lungs called of Vegetius and other olde wryters Vulsus for suche shortenesse of breath commes eyther of the same causes or else muche lyke as of abundaunce of grosse humors cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs and stopping the winde pipes And the winde beyng kepte in doth resort downeward as Russius sayth into the horses guttes and so causeth his flankes to beate cōtinually without order that is to say more swiftlye and hyer vp to the backe than the flankes of any horse that is sounde of wynde And if this dysease be olde it is seldom or neuer cured and though I finde many medicins prescribed by dyuers Authours fewe or none doe contente me vnlesse it be that of Vegetius recyted before in the chapter of broken lungs And if that preuaileth not thē I thinke it were not amisse according to Russius to pourge him with this drinke here following Take of mayden haire of Ireos of Ashe of Lycoras of Fēgreke of Raysins of ech halfe an ounce of Cardamum of Pepper of bytter Almonds of Baurach of ech two ounces of Nettle seede and of Aristoloche of eche two ounces boyle them all together in a sufficiente quantitie of water and in that decoction dissolue halfe an ounce of Agaricke and two ounces of Coloquintida together with two pounde of hony and giue him of this a pinte or a quart at dyuers times and if it bee to thicke make it thinner by putting thervnto water wherin Lycoras hath bene soddē and if nede be you may also draw both his flanks crossewyse with a hote Iron to restrayne the beating of them and also slytte his nosetrilles to giue him more ayre And if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse if in Winter lette him be kept warme and giue hym now and then a little sodden wheate Russius woulde haue it to be giuen him three dayes together and also newe sweete wyne to drinke or else other good wine mingled with Licoras water Of a Consumption The .lxxv. Chapter A Consumption is none other thyng but an exulceration of the lungs proceding of some fretting or gnawing humor discending out of the head into the lungs And I take it to be that disease whiche the olde wryters are wonte to call the dry malady Whiche perhappes some woulde rather interprete to be the mourning of the Chyne with whom I intend not to stryue But thus much I muste nedes say that euerye horse hauing the mourning of the Chyne doth continually cast at the nose but in the dry maladye it is cleane contrary For all the Authours that wryte therof affyrme that the horse auoydeth nothing at the nose And the sygnes to knowe the dry maladye according to their doctryne be these Hys fleshe doth cleene consume away his bellye is gaunt and the skin therof so hard stretched or rather shronk vp as if you strike on it with your hand it will sounde lyke a Tabor and he wyll be hollowe backt and forsake his meate and though he eateth it as Absirtus sayth yet he doth not disgest it nor prospereth not withall he woulde coughe and can not but hickingly as though he had eaten smal bones And this disease is iudged of al the Authours to be incureable Notwithstanding they say all that it is good to purge his heade with such perfumes as haue bene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glaunders also to gyue him alwayes Coleworts small chopt wyth his prouender Some woulde haue hym to drinke the warme
and wash all his mouth with Uineger and salte If his stomacke be to colde chen his haire will stare and stande right vp which Absirtus others were wonte to cure by giuing the horse good wyne and oyle to drynke and some woulde seeth in the wyne Rhew or Sage some would adde thervnto white Pepper and Myrre some woulde giue him Onyons and Roket seede to drinke with wyne some the bloude of a yong Sowe with wyne Absirtus would haue the horse to eate the greene blades of wheate if the tyme of the yeare will serue for it Columella sayth that if a horse or any other beast doe loth his meat it is good to giue hym wyne and the seede of Gith or else wyne and stampt Garlicke Of casting out his drinke The .lxxxii. Chapter VEgetius sayth that the Horse may haue such a Pawlsy proceeding of colde in his stomacke as he is not able to kepe his drinke but many tymes do cast it out again at his mouth The remedye whereof is to lette him bloud in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinks that is to say made of hote and comfortable spyces and also to annoynte all his breast and vnder hys shoulders with hote oyles to purge his heade by blowyng vp into his nosetrils powders that prouoke nesing such as haue bene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of Prouender The .lxxxiii. Chapter THe Glut of Prouender or other meate not digested doth cause a Horse to haue great payne in his body so as he is not able to stande on his fete but lyeth downe waltereth as thoughe he had the Bottes The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sorte Let him bloude in the necke then trotte him vp and downe for the space of an houre and if he can not stale drawe out his yarde and washe it with a little white Wine luke warme and thrust into his yard eyther a broosed Cloue of Garlicke or else a little oyle of Camamill with a wax Candle If he can not doung then rake his fundament giue him this glistre Take of Mallowes two or three handful and boyle them in a pottell of fayre running water and when the Mallowes be soden then straine it and put therevnto a quarte of freshe Butter and halfe a pinte of oyle Oliue and hauing receyued this glister leade him vp and downe vntill he hath emptyed his bellye Then set him vp and kepe him hūgry the space of three or foure dayes and the Hay that he eateth let it be sprinckeled with water and let him drinke warme water wherein would be put a lyttle bran and whē he hath dronke giue him the bran to eat and giue him little or no prouender at all for the space of eight or tenne dayes Of an other kinde of surfetting with meate or drinke called of vs foundering in the body The .lxxxiiij. Chapter THis disease is called of the olde writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it cōmeth as they say by eating of much Prouender sodenlye after labour whylest the Horse is hote and panting whereby his meate not being digested bredeth euill humors which by little and little do spreade throughe his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength make him in such case as he can neyther go nor bow his ioynts nor being layde is able to rise againe neyther can he stale but with great pain It may come also as they say of drinking to much in trauelling by the way when the horse is hote but then it is not so daungerous as when it commeth of eating to much But how so euer it commeth they say all that the humors will immediatelye resort downe into the horses legs feete will make him to cast his houes and therfore I must nedes iudgeit to be no other thing but a plaine foūdering which word foūdering is borowed as I take it of the Frēch word Fundu that is to say moltē For foūdering is a melting or dissolutiō of humors which the Italians cal infusione Martin maketh diuers kinds of foundering as foundering in the body which the Frenche men call most commonlye morfundu and foundering in the legges and feete also foundering before and foundering behinde which some Autours do deny as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behinde than before and that they can not easelye be dissolued or molten being so farre distante from the hearte and the other vital partes Whervnto a man might aunswere that the naturall heate of the heart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members whiche is dayly proued by good experience For we see horses to be foundered not only before or behinde but also of all foure legges at once which most commonly chaunceth either by taking colde sodenlye after a great heate as by standyng still vpon some colde pauemente or abrode in the colde winde or else for that perhaps the horse traueling by the way and being in a sweate was suffered to stande in some showld water whilest he did drinke which was worse than his drinking for in the meane time the colde entring at his fete ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heate before had dissolued and therby when he cōmeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of all his legges But leauing to speake of foundering in the legges as well before as behind vntil we come to the griefes in the legges and feete we intende to talke here onely of foundering in the body according to Martins experience The signes to knowe if a horse be foundered in his body bee these Hys haire will stare he will be chill and shrugge for colde and forsake his meate hanging downe the heade and quiuer after colde water and after two or three dayes he will begin to coughe The cure according to Martin is thus First scoure his bellye with the glistre last mentioned and then gyue him a comfortable drinke made in this sorte Take of Malmesey a quarte of Suger halfe a quartern of hony half a quartern of Cynamom halfe an ounce of Lyckoras and Annis seedes of ech two sponeful beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmesey warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warme That done walke him vp and downe in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bitte two or three houres without meate but let him be warme couered wel littered and giue him hay sprinckeled with a little water and cleane sifted prouender by little at once and let his water be warmed with a little grounde Mault therin And if you se him somewhat chered then let him bloude in the necke and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankencense and vse to walk him abrode when the weather is fayre and not
the sauor whereof will greatly prouoke hym to stale as hath bene aforesayde Of pissing bloude The .xcix. Chapter PElagonius sayth that if a horse be ouer much laboured or ouer charged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many tymes pisse bloude and the rather as I thinke for that some vayne is broken within the horses body and then clere bloude will come forth many tymes as the Phisitians say without any pisse at all But if the bloud be perfectly mingled together with his stale then it is a sygne that it commeth from the kidneys hauing some stone therin which through vehement labour doth fret the kydneys vaynes thereof so causeth them to blede through which whylest the vrine passeth muste nedes be infected dyed with the bloud It may come also by some strype or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse bloud in the Palat of the mouth to conuert the bloud the cōtrary way Then take of Tragagāt that haue bene steeped in wyne halfe an ounce and of Popy seede one dram and one scruple and of Styrax as muche and .xij. Pyneaple kyrnels Let all these things be beaten and mingled well together and giue the horse therof euery morning the space of seuen dayes the quantity of a Hasell nut distempered in a quart of wyne me thinks that the quantitye of a Walnut were to little for so muche wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the roote of the hearbe Asphodelus which some call Daffadyll mingled with wheat flower Sumach sodden long in water and so to be giuen the horse with some wyne added therevnto or make him a drinke of Goates milke and Oyle strayning therevnto a little Fromenty Anatolius sayth that it is good to giue the Horse three dayes together sodden Beanes cleane pilled wherevnto would be added some Deres sewet and a little wyne Of the Colt euill The C. Chapter THis name Colt euill in my iudgement doth properly sygnifye that disease which the Phisitians call Priapismus which is a continuall standing together with an vnnaturall swelling of the yard proceeding of some winde filling the artiers and hollow synewe or pype of the yarde or else through the abūdance of sede which do chaūce oft tymes to man and I thinke sometime to stoned horses Notwithstāding Martin sayth that the Colt euill is a swelling of the sheathe of the yarde and the part of the belly there about caused of corrupte seede comming oute of the yarde and remayning within the sheath where it putrifyeth And Geldings moste commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of naturall heate to expell their seede any further For horses as Martin sayth are seldome troubled with this disease bycause of their heate vnlesse it be when they haue bene ouer trauayled or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Washe the sheath cleane within with luke warme Uineger then drawe out his yarde and washe that also That done ryde him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein to and fro to allay the heate of the mēbers and vse him thus two or three dayes and he shal be whole Of the mattering of the yarde The Ci. Chapter IT commethe at couering tyme when the Horse Mare both are ouer hote and so perhaps burn them selues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of whyte wyne and boyle therein a a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yearde three or foure squirtfull one after an other and thrust the squyrt so farre in as the lyquor may perce to the bottom to scoure away the bloudy matter continuing thus to doe once a day vntyll he be whole Of the sheading of séede The Cij Chapter THis disease is called of the Phisitians Gonorrhea which may come some tyme through abundaunce and rancknesse of seede sometyme by the weaknesse of the stones and seede vessels not able to retayne the seede vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius sayth that this disease wil make the horse very faint and weake specially in sommer season for cure wherof the sayd Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some colde water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may be couered with water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water or oyle he woulde haue you to thruste in your hande and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and clawe the same and the partes there aboutes whiche be the seede Uessels That done to couer him warme that he take no colde and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse Hogges dong to drinke with red wyne vntil he be whole I for my part if I thought that it came of weakenesse as is afore sayde which I would iudge by the waterishnesse of the seede vnlustinesse of the horse would giue him red wine to drinke and put therein a little Acatium the iuyce of Plantain and a little Mastick bath his backe with red wine oyle of Roses mingled together Of the falling of the Yarde The Ciij Chapter IT commeth as I take it thorow the weakenesse of the member by meanes of some resolution in the muscles synewes seruing the same caused at the first perhaps by some great strayne or strype on the backe It may come also by wearynesse and tyering For remedy whereof Absirtus was wonte to washe the yarde with salte water from the Sea if it might be gotten if not wyth water and salt and if that preuayled not he would all to pricke the outmost skinne of the yarde wyth a sharpe nedle but not deepe and then washe all the prickes with strong Uineger and that did make the horse as he sayeth to draw vp his yarde againe immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagonius would haue you to put into the pype of his yarde hony and salte boyled together and made lyquid or else a quicke Flye or a graine of Franconsence or else a cloue of Garlicke clene pilled and somewhat broused and also to poure on his backe Oyle Wyne and Nytre made warme mingled together But Martins experience is in this sort First wash the yarde with warme whyte wyne then annoynt it with oyle of Roses hony mingled together and put it vp into the sheath and make him a Codpiece of Canuas to kepe it still vp and dresse him thus euery day once vntill he be whole And in any case let his backe be kept warm eyther wyth a double cloth or else with a charge made of bole Armeny Egges wheate flower Sanguis Draconis Turpentyne and Uineger or else lay on a wet sack which being couered with an other dry cloth wil kepe his backe very warme Of the swelling of the Codde and stones The Ciiij Chapter ABsirtus sayth that the
moderately the space of .xv. dayes during which time he may not sturre out of his place but onely to lye downe and euery day once refresh the shoulder point with this charge laying stil new vpō the old at the .xv. dayes end lead him abrode to see how he goeth and if he be somewhat amended then let him rest without trauayling the space of one month and that shall bring his shoulder to perfection But if he be neuer the better for all this that is done then it shall be nedefull to rowel him with a leather rowell vpon the shoulder poynt and to kepe him rowelled the space of .xv. dayes renning the rowell and clensing the wound euery other day and then walke him vp and downe fayre and softly and turne him alwayes on the contrary syde to the sore and when he goeth vpright pull out the rowell and heale the wound with a taynt of Flaxe dipt in Turpētyne and Hogges grease molten together And if all this will not serue then it shal be nedefull to drawe him chequorwise with a hote yron ouer all the shoulder poynte and also to make him to drawe in a plough euery day two houres at the least to settle his ioyntes for the space of three weekes or a month and if any thing wil helpe him these two laste remedies will helpe him and make him to go right vp agayne Of splayting of the shoulder The Cxij Chapter THis commeth by some daungerous slyding or slipping wherby the shoulder parteth from the breast and so leaues an open rift not in the skin but in the flesh and filme next vnder the skinne and so he halteth and is not able to go you shall perceyue it by trayling his legge after him in his going The cure according to Martin is thus First put a payre of strait pastornes on his forefete keping him still in the stable without disquieting him Thē take of Dialthea one pounde of Sallet Oyle one pynte of Oyle de Bays halfe a pounde of freshe butter halfe a pound Melte all these things together in a Pipkin and annoynt the grieued place therwith and also roūd about the insyde of the shoulder and within two or thre dayes after both that place and all the shoulder besydes will swell Then eyther pricke him with a launcet or fleame in al the swelling places or els with a lyttle sharpe hote yron made in this sorte the heade whereof would be an ynch long to the intente that the corruption may runne out and vse to annoynt it still with the oyntment aforesayde But if you see that it will not goe away but swell still and gather to a heade then launce it where the swelling doth gather most is softe vnder the finger then taint it with flax dipt in this ointment Take of Turpentine and of Hogges grease of ech two ounces and melt them together renuing the taynt twyce a day vntill it be whole Of the shoulder pight The Cxiij Chapter THat is when the shoulder poynt or pitch of the shoulder is displaced which grief is called of the Italians Spallato it cōmeth by reason of some great fal forwarde rush or strain The sygnes be these That shoulder point wil stick out further then his fellow and the horse will halte right downe The cure according to Martin is thus First make him to swime in a depe water vppe and and downe a dosen turnes and that shall make the ioynt to returne to his place Then make two tough pinnes of Asshen woode as much as your little finger sharpe at the poyntes eche one fiue ynches lōg That done slitte the skin an ynch aboue the point and an inche beneath the point of the shoulder and thrust in one of the pinnes from aboue downward so as both endes may equallye sticke without the skin And if the pin of woode will not easely passe through you may make it way firste with an yron pin That done make other two holes crosse to the first holes so as the other pin may crosse the first pyn right in the midst with a right crosse and the firste pyn woulde be somewhat flatte in the midst to the intente that the other being rounde may passe the better without stoppe and close the iuster together Then take a piece of a little lyne somewhat bigger then a whipcorde and at one ende make a loope which being put ouer one of the pins endes winde the reast of the Lyne good and strait about the pinnes endes so as it may lye betwixt the pins endes and the skin and fasten the laste ende with a packe nedle and a packe threede vnto the rest of the cord so as it may not slippe and to do well both the prickes and the corde woulde be first annointed with a little Hogges greace Then bring him into the stable and let him rest the space of nine dayes but let him lye downe as lyttle as may be and putte on a pastorne on the sore legge so as it may be bounde with a corde vnto the foote of the maunger to kepe that leg alwayes whilst he standeth in the stable more forwarde then the other And at the .ix ▪ dayes ende take out the prickes and annoint the sore places with a little Dialthea or with Hogs greace and then turne him to grasse Of the swelling of the forelegs after great labour The Cxiiij Chapter GReat labour and heat causeth humors to resort down into the legs making them to swel The cure wherof according to Martin is thus Bathe them with buttered beere or else with this bath here folowing Take of mallowes three handeful a Rose Cake of Sage one handefull Boyle them together in a sufficient quātity of water and when the Mallows be soft put in halfe a pound of butter and halfe a pinte of Sallet oyle and then being somewhat warme washe the swelling therewith euery day once the space of thre or foure dayes And if the swelling will not goe away with this then take wyne lyes and Cumin boyle them together put thervnto a little wheate flower and charge all the swelling therewith and walke him often and if all will not serue then take vp the great vayne aboue the knee on the insyde suffering him not to bleede from aboue but al from beneath Of foundering in the forelegges The Cxv. Chapter THe cause of this griefe is declared before in the chapter of foūdering in the body whereas I shewed you that if a horse be foundered in the body the humors wyl immediately resort downe into his legges Martin sayth within the space of .xxiiij. houres and then the horse wil goe crowching al vpon the hinder legges his forelegges being so stiffe as he is not able to bowe thē The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Garter eche legge immediately one handefull aboue the knee with a list good and harde and then walke him to chafe him and to put him in a heate and being somewhat warmed let him
bloud in both the breast vaynes reseruing the bloude to make a charge withall in this maner Take of that bloud two quartes and of wheate flower halfe a Pecke and sixe egges shelles and al of bole Armeny halfe a pound of Sanguis Draconis half a quartern and a quarte of strong Uineger Mingle them all together and charge al his shoulders breast back loynes and forelegges therewith and walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refreshe it againe And hauing walked him three or foure houres together leade him into the stable and giue hym a little warme water with ground mault in it then a litte hay and prouender and then walke him againe eyther in the house or else abrode and continue thus to doe the space of foure dayes and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stande and lye warme and eate but little meate during the foure dayes But if you see that at the foure dayes end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sygne that the humors lye in the foote for the which you muste search with your butter paryng all the soles of the fore feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue throughe the sole That done with your butter let him bloud at both the toes and let him blede well Then stoppe the vayne with a little hogs grease and Turpentyne molten together and layde vpon a little Flaxe and then tack on the shooes and cram the place where you did let him bloude harde with toawe to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fill both his feete with Hogges grease and bran fryed together in a stopping pan so hote as is possible And vpon that stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to kepe in the stopping And immediatly after this Take two Egges beate them in a dishe and putte thervnto as much bole Armeny and Beane flower as will thicken the same and mingle them well together make thereof two playsters suche as may close eche foote round about somewhat aboue the cronette and binde it fast with a lyst or rowler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of two dayes but let the sole be clensed and newe stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two dayes continuing so to do vntil he be whole During which tyme let hym reast vnwalked for feare of losening his houes But if you see that he begin to amende you may walke him fayre and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercyse his legs and fete and let him not eate much nor drinke colde water But if this foundering break out aboue the houe which you shall perceiue by the losenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronette thē when you pare the soole you must take al the fore part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles hole to the intente the humors may haue the freer passage downewarde and then stoppe him and dresse him about the cronet as is before sayde Of the splent as well in the insyde or outside of the knée as other where in the legge The Cxvi Chapter THis soraunce to any mannes feeling is a very gristle sometime as bigge as a walnut and sometime no more than a Hasell nut which is called of the Italians Spinella and it cōmeth as Laurentius Russius sayth by traueyling the horse to yong or by oppressing hym with heauy burthen offending his tender synews and so causeth him to halt It is easye to know bycause it is apparant to the eye and if you pinche it with your thombe and finger the horse wil shrinke vp his legge The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Washe it well with warme water and shaue of the haire and lightlye scarifye all the sore place with the point of a Rasor so as the bloud may issue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a sponefull and of Euforbium as muche beaten into fine powder mingle them together with a spone full of oyle de Bay and then melte them in a little pan stirring them wel together so as they may not boyle ouer and beyng so boyling hote take two or three feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the horse sturre from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not of the oyntment Then cary hym fayre and softly into the stable and tye hym so as he may not reache with his heade beneath the manger for otherwyse he will couet to byte awaye the smarting pricking medicine which if it should touch his lippes would quickly fetch of the skinne And also let him stande without lytter all that day and night The nexte day annoynt the sore place with fresh butter cōtinuing so to do euery day once for the space of nine dayes for this shall allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith eyther clene take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much dyminishe it as the horse shall go right vp and halte no more through occasiō therof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fyering it longst wyse and ouertwhart Some againe do make it soft by beating it with a Hasell sticke and then do sucke it out with a piece of new leather and a hote yron which many tymes diminisheth the splent and increaseth the halting For if a splent be not very well drest the horse will halte halfe a yeare after yea and perhappes all his lyfe long Of a Malander The Cxvij Chapter A Malander is a kind of scabbe growing in the form of lines or strekes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath lōg hayres with stubborne rootes lyke the brystles of a Boare which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh lyke the rootes of a childes scabbed head and if it be greate it will make the horse to goe stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease procedes sometyme of a corrupt bloude but most commonly for lack of cleane keping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst washe it well with warme water then shaue both haire scabbe cleane away leauing nothing but the bare fleshe wherevnto lay this playster Take a spone full of Sope and as much Lyme Mingle them together that it may be lyke Paast and spreade as much on a clowt as will couer the sore and binde it fast on with a list renuing it euery day once the space of two or three dayes and at the three dayes ende take away the playster and annoynt the sore with Oyle of Roses made luke warme that shall fetch away the crust or scurfe bredde by meanes of the playster which scurfe being taken away washe the sore place well euery day once
pastornes and there tye the cloute fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and gyue him in winter wet hay and in sōmer grasse Of the drie Spauen The Cxxvi. Chapter THe drye spauen called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great harde knobbe as bygge as a Walnut growing in the insyde of the hough harde vnder the ioynte nighe vnto the mayster vayne and causeth the horse to halte which sorance commeth sometime by kinde bicause the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation somtime by extreme labor heat dissoluing humors which do discend through the master vaine continually feding that place with euil nutrimēt causeth that place to swell Which swelling in cōtinuance of time becōmeth so hard as a bone and therfore is called of some the bone Spauē It nedeth no signes to know it bicause it is apparant to the eye most Ferrers do take it to be incurable Notwithstāding Martin sayth that it may be made lesse with these remedies here following Wash it with warm water and shaue of the haire so far as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may blede Then take of Cantharides one dosen and of Euforbium halfe a sponefull breake them in pouder and boyle them together wyth a little oyle de Bay and wyth two or three feathers bounde together put it boyling hote vpon the sore and let his taile be tide vp for wyping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after sette him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe all that nyghte for feare of rubbing of the medicine and the nexte day annoynt it wyth fresh butter continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of fyue or syx dayes and when the haire is growen agayne drawe the sore place with a hote yron in this sort Then take another hote sharpe yron like a bodkyn somewhat bowing at the poynt thrust yt in at the neather ende of the middle line and so vpwarde betwixte the skinne and the fleshe an ynch and a halfe And then taynte it wyth a little Turpentine and hogs grease molten togither and made warme renuing it euery day once the space of nine dayes But remember fyrst immediatly after his burning to take vp the mayster vayne suffring him to bleede a little from aboue and tye vp the vpper ende of the vaine and leaue the neather ende open to the intent that he may bleede frō beneath vntill it ceasse of it selfe and that shall diminish the Spauen or else nothing wyll do it Of the wette Spauen or through Spauen The Cxxvij Chapter THis is a softe swelling growing on both sydes of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may be well called a throughe Spauen But for the most part the swelling on the in side bicause it is cōtinually fed of the maister vaine is greater than the swelling on the outsyde The Italians call this sorance La ierda or gierdone which semeth to come of a more fluxible humour not so viscouse or slimy as the other Spauen doth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doth and this is more curable than the other It neede no sygnes bycause it is apparant to the eye and easy to knowe by the discription therof before made The cure according to Martin is thus Firste wash shaue and scarifie the place as before Thē take of Cantharides halfe an ounce of Euforbium one ounce broken to pouder and of oyle de Bay one ounce Myngle them well together colde wythout boyling them and dresse the sore therewyth two dayes together and euery day after vntil the haire be growen agayne annoynt it wyth freshe butter Then fire him both without and within as before wythout taynting him and immediately take vp the master vayne as before And then for the space of nine dayes annoynte him euery day once wyth butter vntill the fyered place beginne to skale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handfull as much of redde nettels boyle them in water vntill they be softe and put thervnto a little fresh butter and bath the place euery day once for the space of three or foure dayes and vntil the burning be whole let the horse come in no wette Of the Selander The Cxxviij Chapter THis is a kinde of Scabbe breeding in the ham which is the bente of the hough and is lyke in all poyntes to the Malandre proceeding of lyke causes and requireth like cure and therefore resorte to the Chapter of the Malander Of the Hough bonny The Cxxix Chapter THis is a round swelling bonny like a Paris ball growing vpon the very typpe or elbowe of the Hough therefore I thought good to cal it the Hough bonny This sorance commeth of some strype or bruse and as Martin sayth is cured thus Take a rounde yron somewhat sharpe at the ende like a good bygge bodkyn and let it be somewhat bending at the poynt Then holding the sore wyth your left hande pulling it somewhat frō the synnewes pearce it with the yron being fyrste made red hote thrusting it beneath in the bottom and so vpward into the ielly to the intent that the same ielly may issue downewarde out at the hole and hauing thrust out all the ielly taynte the hole wyth a taynt of flax dypt in Turpentine hogges grease molten together and also annoynt the outsyde wyth hogs grease made warme renuing it euery day once vntyll the hole be ready to shutte vp making the taint euery day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heale vp Of the Curbe The Cxxx. Chapter THis is a long swelling beneath the elbow of the hough in the great synewe behinde causeth the horse to halte after that he hath bene a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the synew is strayned the greater griefe which agayne by rest is eased This cōmeth by bearing some great wayght whē the horse is yong or else by some straine or wrinch wherby the tender synewes are grieued or rather bowed as Russius sayth whereof it is called in Italian Curba a Curuando that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swel and such swelling is apparant to the eye and maketh that leg to shewe bygger than the other The cure according to Martin is thus Take of wine lees a pinte and a porringer ful of wheate flowre of Comin half an oūce and stir them well together being made warme charge the sore place therewith renuing it euery day once the space of three or foure dayes and whē the swelling is almoste gone then drawe it with a hote yron in this sort and couer the burning wyth Pytch Rosen molten together and layde on good warme and clappe thereon some flocks of his owne colour or so