march and often cannot put off their cloaths for many nights together yet let them use such sudorifique means for though they cannot sweat outright yet they may fall into a dampish moisture which if it strike not in again may prove as good as a sweat Yet in this case he must turn his shirt Quod non facit sudor praestat id tenuis udor But here is to be noted that 't is not enough once only to give a sudorifique Medicine to an infected Body considering that the venom like a raging Sea is tossed to and fro every way And though it should seem to thee as if by thy approved Antidote thou hadst overcome the Disease the Symptoms of it excepted yet thou art not to trust in this case for I my self have been sometimes deceived and hard put to it to make good what by confidence I had omitted Wherefore you must not trust to the once taking a sudorifique potion or powder because such malign and lurking Diseases that keep no stitch do indeed fly the first time from thy Medicament and hide themselves under it but they are wont suddenly to re-appear Wherefore you must repeat the Antidotes that were first administred to you for the time of 16 18 20 or 24 hours according to circumstances and so long and often till you judge your sick Brothers or Friends Heart secured from the infectious Venom When the sweating is over thou must then refresh thy Patient first by drying him well and next by giving him a little Vinegar to taste in a spoon The Rich may afford some slices of Citron of which Theopompus Chius writeth that the Tyrant Clearchus Heracleota who lived in Pontus having poisoned many People the vertue of Citron was at length found out of which a slice being eaten proved an effectual Antidote against it The same vertue may be found in a slice of a common Apple and the Syrupus de Pomis is one of the Cordials of our shops But the thirst that uses to follow upon sweating will not be quenched with so small a matter wherefore take three parts of water one part of Vinegar and if the Patient be not too hot one part of Wine mixing some Sugar therewith and of this let him drink a good draught and it will cool and refresh him Besides take some of the guts of Hens and some slices of Radish sprinkle them with Vinegar and Salt and bind them to the soles of his feet this will draw away the heat But let not the Radish lye too long upon them because it will give a stink that may increase the head-ach wherewith the People that have the Plague are commonly troubled enough without provoking it Moreover you will do well to tye about his wrists some Rue beaten with Vinegar Anoint his Loyns and Back-bone with the Unguent of Roses or with fresh Butter but if there appear any Spots forbear to anoint him lest they should be driven in You will do well to have Epithemata of good things about you as of Rose-water and Elder-vinegar to lay over the Heart with which mix some Camphir But if you find any thing of Specks c. broke out you must use no wet thing Anoint his Heart with Oyl of Scorpions take the Oyl of Sea-blossoms and of those Earth-worms that appear after rain of each six ounces of St Johns-wort Oyl two ounces of fresh Elder-blossoms and Rue each a handful and an half of the Acetum of Marigold-flowers and Roses each about three ounces of live Spiders forty five Boil all these together till the Vinegar be so qualified that when 't is thrown into the fire it cause no cracking there Then strain it and in this strained Oyl put a matter of five and twenty Spiders more of the biggest sort and add to it of Camphir dissolved in the Spirit of Roses half a drachm let it stand in Balneo Mariae or upon hot embers for twelve hours and then put to it of Treacle and Mithridate of each half an ounce and let them work together With this Oyl anoint the eight Pulses viz. both Temples behind both Ears both Hands and both Knees as also the Heart And this is an excellent Succedaneum to Scorpion-oyl much used by the Germans Besides you must refresh and strengthen the Patient with convenient Meat and Drink I mean with good Flesh or Barley-broath with a little Vinegar in it to make it savoury to him who will have appetite too little else till he have shaken off this venomous Distemper which when he hath done his stomach will be so keen that you will find work enough to keep him from surfetting Be also careful to keep thy Patients Body open if he be obstructed use a Clister or take Butter or Hogs-grease mixing a little Salt with it or if it be to be gotten a little Mice-trickles and put it into his bowels Physick at the mouth for this purpose is not always safe When the Patient is discharged of the venom a little liquor of stew'd Prunes with some Senna-leaves in it will do well for opening the body Some fresh Butter eaten in the morning or melted in warm Broath and taken down is wont also to keep the body soluble The Drink of these Patients may be Water with some Bread soaked in it or take of such Water wherein Bread hath been soaked one quart and a little Vinegar with two or three spoonfuls of Kitchin-sugar mingling it well together If you have no Sugar use such Water with Vinegar alone This affords good Drink in malignant Feavers Among the Romans it was drunk by the Souldiers under the name of Posca You may also take a handful of well cleaned plantain-Plantain-roots and boil them up in three quarts of Water and then decant the Water which though it be somewhat bitter yet 't is very good in Fevers and a good Drink in hot Distempers If you have Oyl of Vitriol let a few drops of it fall into clear Water mingling it well and you will have a factitious Sawer-brun or Acidulae But use no Metalline Vessel for this purpose With this kind of Water many People have been served in all sorts of Fevers the Oyl of Vitriol in such Distempers if rightly used being very beneficial But if a Man should have with it any Pulmonick Disease in that case he must forbear acid things and use Liquorice and content himself with Ptisane Nor is it at all good to use acids in Pestilential Pleurisies And since on this occasion we mention this case and we having above given warning not easily to blood in Pestilential Diseases yet may Venae-section be sometimes upon good consideration used in that Pleurisie provided it be done in the very beginning and the Patient be strong and full of blood Yet this is not to lessen the blood but only to give it vent but before bleeding the Patient is to sweat by taking some of the above specified Antidotes If the Patient have violent Head-ach lay on his head
take in the morning the quantity of a hasel-nut of Mithridate fasting an hour after it and if the pains of thy Belly prevail make a Decoction of Wormwood in Wine and drink of it as hot as thou canst this will allay the pains and give thee some stools Mean time abstain from raw Fruit and Beer Milk Herbs and such like If thou art swollen take half a drachm of Rubarb and about the same quantity or a little less of Mechocan reduce it to powder and take it in Wormwood-wine or warm broath in the morning fasting and eat nothing within an hour or two after Be careful to take down some Treacle in the morning fasting but you are first to be purged Otherwise make a Decoction of the Roots of Elecampane and Pimpernel or Swallow-wort in Wine and drink a warm draught of it mornings it will provoke Urine If thou canst bear amongst it Wormwood Carduus benedictus or Centory add them in the Decoction and it is a good potion for the Liver An Herb call'd by the Latins Eupatoriam Avicennae in English I think Common Hemp-Agrimony hath a great operation in swelled People drinking of the Decoction thereof made in Wine Besides use in this case Parsley and smallage-Smallage-roots in thy meat Boil Horse-radish and drink of the Decoction warm in the morning Thy ordinary drink is to be a water in which hath been boiled a good quantity of Cummin Annis or Fennel You may also now and then drink a little Wine swelled People having no great heat in them From these obstructions of the Liver and Mesaraic Veins comes difficulty of Breathing and a dry Cough which occasions the Inflation of the Belly and helps to entertain the crudities and indigestions Mean time there useth to follow upon this the Yellow Jaundise For this take the Roots of Cyclamen or Sow-bread reduce them to powder and take the weight of half a ducat in Meath or Wine mixt with a little Honey sweating upon it and you shall find your sheets discoloured of a yellowish colour In the same manner make use of the Seed of Aquileja or Columbine I have reduced these three to powder and mixt them together and given of it the weight of a ducat to sweat which hath proved very successful Orange-peels used in like manner do also much good in this case The bitter Centory boiled in Meath and a good draught drank of it warm in the morning is also very good Likewise a Decoction of the white Horehound and Cichory-roots is also used to good purpose in this case These things expel also Worms if any do lodge within thee for which may also be used the Souldiers Pills of Aloe called Marocostinae In this case Vineger of Squills is also an excellent remedy taking of it in the morning early a spoonful two or three and exercising after it It will open the Breast and make you expectorate phlegm and slime in abundance If you be troubled with Wind and Gripings of the Guts be careful to have your Body soluble Boil Calamus cut small in broath drink of it hot putting a little Angelica or Masterwort Do this mornings and evenings and beware of drinking cold and abstain from all Milk keeping your self very warm especially about the Feet which you will do well to bath with a Decoction made of Asarabacca Camomile wild Trefoil wild Marierom wild Thyme putting a little Salt into it For your drink boil Cummin Annis or Fennel in water and now and then a glass of wine may do well These Gripings may also be cured with drinking very bitter Wormwood-wine as hot as you can endure it This is also opening If you boil Elecampane and Orange-peels with the Wormwood it will have the greater effect And if you add to it Allium Sylvestre Crow-Garlick you have an excellent Medicine for this purpose This I have used my self and found present relief from it when in a very hard Winter upon a Journey I was taken with these Gripings 'T is indeed a very unpleasant potion exceeding bitter especially being to be drunk hot but the good effects will make amends for that If the pains should not cease after all this mix with it the quantity of a hasel-nut of Treacle or Mithridate and so drink it off together If you can get Malvasy mix a little Oyl of Olives with it and drink of it warm Oyl of sweet Almonds would be better one half of that and the other of Malvasy though these things perhaps will not so easily be had in a Camp Fresh Butter may serve instead of Oyl Else make a Decoction of Juniper-berries or Laurel-berries and Elecampane in strong Wine and drink a good draught of it mornings and evenings Or reduce the Herb Carduus benedictus to powder and drink its weight of a ducat in warm Malvasy or other strong Wine it will remove the Gripings especially if you mix with it a little Zedoary pulverised For your Meat take Larks if they chance to be in season draw them and fill their bellies with Garlick and so rost and eat them Make a Decoction of Burnet or of Master-wort and Laurel-berries in Beer strain it and melt a little Butter in it adding a little Pepper and so drink of it hot For an outward Application take the Oyl of Rue and Wormwood dip Cotton into it and put it warm to thy Navil Or beat Onions and fry them in Dill or Camomile-Oyl wrap it up in a linnen Cloth and apply it to thy Belly where the pain is most violent refreshing it often The Oyl of Laurel-berries mixing a little Juniper-berry-oyl or Nutmeg-oyl with it may be used with great benefit anointing the Navil therewith and afterwards put to the Navil a warm dry bag filled with Bran and Camomile-blossoms Or fry Cow-dung in the Oyl of Dill or of Camomile or of white Lillies and apply it thus to thy Navil keeping thy self and especially thy Leggs very warm If you perceive any Hydropical Distemper in you make a Decoction of Wormwood and Juniper-berries in Wine drink every morning a warm draught of it fasting You may also to very good purpose boil with it Swallow-wort Burnet or Succory roots adding also to it some Annis or Fennel-seed But it will be requisite first of all to purge with Mechoacan and Rhubarb and now and then to repeat this purgation Abstain from Milk Beer Fruit and all raw and obstructing food If you knew how to use Elder you would have an excellent Purge to free your Body from the Hydropical water because the Juyce of the Roots of Elder purgeth Hydropical Persons exceedingly But 't is not so safe to use it unless you do it with great caution because a very little of it taken inwardly purgeth both by stool and vomit like Antimony Half a nutshel full may suffice The like effect you 'l find in Elder-buds boiled and then dressed with Oyl and Vineger like a Salad eating a very little of it But I advise you not to use too much of
it else it will cast you into great faintness The Juyce of the Roots of blew Lillies hath the like vertue but is likewise to be used with great discretion Otherwise take Earth-worms and having wash'd them clean in Wine reduce them to powder and take of it for some mornings the weight of half a drachm in warm Broath or Wine mixing a little Rhubarb with it The Swelling of your Leggs may be removed by heating some Tiles and sprinkling them with Wine and clapping them about your Leggs to make them sweat For a swelled Groin take warm Milk wherein Calamus Aromaticus hath been boiled and sweeten it well with Sugar and apply it CHAP. VII Of all sorts of Fluxes as also the Tenasmus or vain endeavour of going to stool and the Hemorrhoid or Riles and Marisca's or sore Fundaments IN Wars and Camps Bloody and other Fluxes are very frequent caused by an irregular and ill dyet and these Distempers especially the Bloody Flux carry away abundance of Men. Where it is to be noted that the Bloody Flux is infectious and very catching Common Fluxes and Loosenesses may easily be cured Amongst other Remedies take burnt Harts-horn and take it often in Broath or pulverise Medlar-kernels and take of the powder in Broath likewise Also an Electuary made of Quinces and Sloes will cure them The same does Nutmeg and the Roots of Tormentil Snakeweed or the Roots of Cinquefoil baked in Eggs and eaten Likewise the Seed of Dock broad Plantain item Terra Sigillata or Bolus Armenus and Wheaten-bread coming hot out of the oven and dipt in red Wine and eaten Again Mastick pulverised and put into Almon-milk red Wine or Broath the weight of a drachm is good for such a Looseness especially as comes from indigestion adding a little Nutmeg or Galingal to it Oaken-leaves also or the Rinds of Pear-trees with a little Mace boiled in Wine and drunk cureth common Fluxes Again Bursa Pastoris Shepherds-Purse boiled in steel-Steel-water with a little Coriander and drunk is also very good and so are Crafishes boiled in Vinegar and the scales beaten to powder taking a drachm of it mornings and evenings either in red Wine or in Broath wherein red-hot Steel hath been several times quenched Hawes also boiled and made into a thick Electuary and strained is beneficial if taken in the morning fasting and an hour or so before supper the quantity of a Walnut Besides take new Milk with its Cream on it quench therein divers times red-hot Pebble-stones so that the Milk may grow hot of it then mix with it two or three well-beaten Yolks of Eggs two ounces of Sugar melting in it an ounce and an halt of the Suet of a Deer or Stagg and about half an ounce of Album-graecum using it for a Clyster which cleanseth and healeth the Guts and allays the sharpness of the Blood and other corrosive humors that annoy the Bowels But take heed of not stopping too suddenly the Bloody Flux or any other Laske for if you do the annoyance will remain in the Body and cause Impostumes Difficulty of breathing and other dangerous Distempers Wherefore consult with thy strength and if that be considerable make not too much hast yet keep a bridle upon it so as to be able to stop it when there is need Mean time if it be without a Fever or heat you may do much with new Milk drinking it also mornings and evenings warm some red-hot Stones having been quenched therein and some Sugar mixed with it to prevent curdling in your Stomach This Medicine was known to the famous Grecian Physitians Aetius Alexander Trallianus and Galenus himself l. 10. de Simpl. Med. facult If you add a little Album-graecum to it 't will be the better I have my self done much good with thus prepared Milk but then there must be no Fever which if there be you 'l easily perceive it by a great thirst quick pulse hot hands and little sleep c. For Bloody Fluxes are not wont to be accompanied with shaking Fevers but only with hot fits which spend more of the Patients strength in an hour than shaking Agues in several days which is to be well heeded Eggs boiled hard in Vineger and given to the Patient that is troubled either with the Bloody or any other Flux it will be stopped The Roots of Tormentil or of Snake-weed pulverised and this powder drunk in a convenient vehicle the weight of a drachm is one of the most approved remedies against these Fluxes Tormentil-roots being very powerful not only to stop them but also to take away their carching malignity The Moss that grows on wild Rose-shrubs reduced to powder and taken in Wine wherein have been boiled the husks of Acorns is an approved remedy in this case Scrape red Lead or Rudle such as Carpenters mark their lines with put it into Wine or Broath wherein hath been boil'd the broader kind of Plantain and Tormentil-roots or take it in an Egg. Hares-blood dried and taken inwardly is also a tried Medicine in this Distemper Item open a new-laid Egg take out the white and fill it up with Nutmeg or the pulverised root of Tormentil or of Snake-weed and give it the Patient to eat or put into it some pulverised Blood-stone and it will do good I have used with good success the Seed of the broader Plantain grosly beaten and rosted in an Egg against the Flux and I know it also to have been beneficially used against the Bloody Flux Take of Mummy a little Mastic Bol Armeniac Sanguis Draconis mix them together and make a powder of them and take of it in a convenient liquor the weight of a drachm once or twice a day Take Rye-biscuit and boil it in water with Coriander and the roots of Tormentil or of Cranes-bill quench some Steel in it once or twice and give of it to the Patient to drink Make a Decoction of Shepherds-purse and Meadow-sweet in water and wine and now and then drink of it Burn live Crasishes in an earthen Pipkin well-closed until they be so burnt as to be reduced to powder of which give to the Patient mornings and evenings a thimble-full or two in a convenient liquor A dried Liver of a sucking Lamb or of any other such Animal is very good in this case provided such a Liver before 't is dried be boiled in Vineger Let the Patient take a drachm of it twice a day Also the Blood of a Lamb or of a Hind both dried will have here a good effect Take a Pigeon Wood-cock or Partridge and having drawn any of them fill them with Mastic and a little Nutmeg and so rost them on a spit and whilst they are rosting baste them with red wine and so let them rost till they grow so hard as will make them pulverable then reduce them or any of them to powder and take a spoonful of it at a time in warm broath The highest Experiment in this case is Crocus Martis taken in the Juyce of
the broader kind of Plantain or in a Pulse of red Beans or Rice-broath the dose is half a dram But when the pain is very great you may then add to it some opiat Medicine as of the Trochisques de Garabe or one onely grain of Laudanum Opiatum And give the Patient now and then a little new-made Treacle or mix with it a few grains of the Confection of Archigenes for of such Medicaments a Field-Apotheque is not wont to be destitute For the Patients ordinary drink boil water and in it Coriander dried Sloes dried slices of Quinces burnt Hartshorn Mastic Nutmeg or any one of these putting to it some of the roots of Snake-weed Tormentil or such like adstringent roots Of this water the Patient may drink according as his necessity shall require The red Juyce of Quinces boiled up without Sugar is also much to be commended in this case for strengthening the bowels two or three spoonfuls of it being taken at a time and that twice a day In many places a drink is made of Sloes Pilosella or Mouse-ear and Juniper-berries infusing them all in common water and letting them ferment together This yields a pleasant acid drink allaying the violence of the Flux and quenching thirst withall The Rich may make Granat or quince-Quince-wine But I have here undertaken to deliver such things as are parable and cheap for the poor common Souldier I am sorry that in the Field there is no conveniency of administring Clysters For though I prescribe none without great necessity yet Clysters being of great benefit in Diseases of the bowels they being to them like Plaisters I cannot but recommend in this Distemper Clysters of Milk wherein Pebble-stones have been several times quenched mixing a little of the melted suet of a Stag or Hind without any oyl or other fat I remember I had once a Patient of quality that had about an hundred stools within twenty four hours who by the use of such Clysters once or twice applied was fully restored The cause whereof is that the Milk washes the bowels and clears them of the sharp humors that annoy them moreover it is healing and repairing by reason of the Pebbles quenched therein The Sugar is abstersive and helps to clean the injured places The Far sticks to the parts annoyed to defend them from being further hurt by the subsequent humors which running down over it can find no stay there and consequently cause no more hurt to those parts Yet must you not put in any greasie Fat or any Oyl of Olives because they hinder healing and all Oyl except that of Linseed Poppies Hemp and Almonds is very sharp and you will find that if any drop of Oyl of Olives should chance to fall into your eye no Juyce of Orenges or Limons is so strong as to exceed the acrimony of that Oyl But of this Oyl more will be said in the next Chapter to which I therefore refer you If you would have your Clyster yet milder and more sanative you may beat a yolk or two of new-laid Eggs and mix them with it though I have contented my self with the Ingredients before mention'd and found great benefit thereby Else you may in this case use for a Clyster the Cremor hordei mixt with yolks of Eggs beaten in it which is also very good to wash out the bowels Here is no conveniency of making much use of Apothecary-shops else many things might be prescribed to lay upon the belly and the navil as also divers fermentations and stomachical unguents You may therefore content your self with those plain and easily parable means already deliver'd and be thankful to God for them But then you are also to think upon means to obviate Symptoms of this Distemper and particularly Drought which is wont very much to torment people in this Disease 'T is true Acid things do quench thirst but they cannot be used boldly and therefore you must use them with great discretion and wariness And as for sweet things they usually increase thirst and do easily corrupt and turn into gall Wherefore give to the Patient preserved Currans or if fresh ones be in season mix a quantity of them with Honey or Sugar and give him of it to eat upon white-Bread and Butter Or plump dried Black-cherries or dried Damascene-prunes in half Wine and half Water and let him hold and squeeze them in his mouth Or if you can mingle some Almond-milk with chalybeat-Chalybeat-water and let him drink thereof and this is both meat and drink Or let him drink water wherein Coriander and roots of Tormentil have been boiled Or boil in water dried slices of Quinces roots of Bistorta or Snake-weed and burnt Harts-horn put into it a tosted crust of Rye-bread rubb'd with Nutmeg but let it not lye in it above a quarter of an hour lest the water should thicken and become viscous Marmelat also of Quinces Black-cherries and Sloes is proper in this case giving the Patient a slice of it to hold upon his tongue and so to swallow it down Further you must learn how to remedy a Tenasmus which is more irksome to the Patient and occasions more trouble to the Physitian than the Bloody-flux it self since it night and day painfully provokes the poor Patient to go to stool and yet to no purpose For this I have used many remedies but found almost nothing more beneficial than Fomentations of this nature following Take Potentilla wild Tansie Silver-weed Knot-grass Mullein and Oak-leaves of each as much as you please put them into two linnen bags and let them boil in Smiths-water wherein much Iron hath been quenched Squeeze out these bags between two boards and let them be held alternately to the anus as hot as can be endured Black Pitch such as is found on Larch and Fir-trees put upon a heated fire-shovel and the fundament held over it is also a good remedy and so is Turpentine used after the same manner Again take a black well-burnt Brick out of the hearth heat it thoroughly and wet it with sharp Vinegar and wrap it about with a linnen cloth and let the Patient sit on it as hot as he can endure it This was the Experiment and Remedy of old Aetius but he reduced the Brick to powder and by boiling it in Vinegar reduced it to a pulse and so put it into a linnen rag and applied it to the fundament You may chuse which you please of the two Milk-Clysters such as above prescribed would also be good but that 't is not safe with Clyster-pipes to vex the anus which is already sore enough Yet you may give a Suppository of Deers-suet mixt with some Oyl of Mullein And the grey Diapompholox or the white Camphire-unguent or the like mixt with it would not be improper in this case If there be a Falling down of the fundament then let it often take in the fumes of the above-mention'd Herbs adding to them the beaten stalks of Sloe-shrubs and those of red Roses as
middle rinds Again Yolks of Eggs and Linseed-oyl equal quantities mixt together and spread over the burning is also very good Egg-oyl likewise used by it self and Vernice employed by Joyners do well also but the latter of these two if it be mixed with Oyl of Spicanard or Petroleum is to be mingled amongst Linseed-oyl Spread fresh Butter upon Cabbage-leaves having first fryed the Butter with some blossoms or the middle rind of Elder and so lay them to the burning Elder being a great resister of Inflammations and therefore very good to allay St. Antonies fire if you pull its mild green rinds from the stem and lay them on without moistening them Else they use against the said Fire Flower mixed with the powder of Licorice to be clapt on with a ragg done over with red Saunders My way is to take the shavings of some fresh and juycy Licorice and to fry them in new Butter then to strain the Butter from it and to fry the like fresh Licorice therein and to strain the Butter from that again repeating this five or six times Among this strained Butter I stir some pure and fine Cerusse Whites of Eggs and a little Camphire And with this Ointment I have by the assistance of God done much good in the said inflammation of St. Antonies fire and the common people do to this very day call this Ointment by no other name than that of Doctor Minderer's Licorice-ointment But to return to the quenching of Burnings If you can have Milk-cream mingle it with Cow-dung freshly made and so clap it on though fresh Cow-dung alone allays burning Crafishes pounded alive and fryed in fresh Butter or in common Suet the Butter strained herefrom is also a good Ointment against burnings Unsalted Lard melted by a Wax-candle or an hot Iron and dropp'd upon fresh cold water and then gather'd up from the water and carefully rubbed from the same hath the like operation Take one of the cooling Oyls above-named and fresh Butter boil the middle rind of Elder in it and with a sufficient quantity of Wax make of it a Salve and this also will cure burning You ought also to be provided with a fit apparatus Lints Swathing-clouts c. and to take Deer-suet Oyl of Roses or Elder and white Wax and melt them over the fire yet so as that you melt the Wax by it self and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaister Into this compound you must dip some fine lint and you 'l find it very useful for any angry part as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another as happens in hydropical and other swollen people whose belly so sinks down that the thighs suffer by it in which case such lints are to be put between the parts to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another A Gangrene is cured with Sal-armoniac boiled in Urine especially in that of the Patient and clapping such Urine upon the part affected The quantity of the Sal-armoniac may be six drachms For frozen Feet take Gander-suet and Deer-suet dissolve them together and pour them into a white excavated Turnip and expose this for a while to the Air Rain Wind Hoar-frost Snow according as the season shall be Then mince the Turnip and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it that done squeese it out and let the fat fall upon cold water and being there brought to consistence take it off and bring it over the helm from burned Wine and decant this carefully from it again and 't is duely prepared You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips beaten with Butter or Tallow and so clapt on CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practises for the Service of the honest Souldier THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix for the ease and good of Souldiers wherein some things will occurr not inferiour to those that have preceded But herein I have kept no order but set them down promiscuously yet faithfully to supply what may have been omitted before If you be troubled with the Tooth-ach coming from the cold in winter take the root of Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain and boil it in Vineger and hold this Vineger warm in your mouth and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain Or take the root of Elder boil it in half Wine and half Water and hold it warm upon the Teeth But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out and other fresh taken into your mouth of which I have found wonderful Effects The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine and laid on is esteem'd to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabbs of Savin stale Fat Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oyl If your Limbs after a long sickness be weak boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl and anoint such Limbs therewith Also the Oyl of Lillies in the valley and that of yellow Violets is good for the same purpose For worms in the Fingers bruise Persicaria Arsmart and lay it on or take of a Piggs Bladder of Gall and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast make a Decoction of Scabious Chervil and Germander in two parts of wine and one part of water strain it and drink of it mornings and evenings Against the putrefaction of the Mouth make a Decoction of Privet in water adding afterwards a little Allum to it and use it for a gargarism Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn with a little Allum is of great effect in the same case Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes and a Lixivium made of it and clapp'd on cureth a Gangrene and the wild Fire especially if you mingle a little Oyl of Elder therewith If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oyl take the green middle rind of Elder and boil it in Oyl Olive and then strain the Oyl which done take fresh rind of Elder and proceed with it as before repeating it three or four times to make the Oyl the stronger You may add a little wine to it whilst 't is boiling but that must all boil away and so long till the Oyl cracks no more in the fire Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on draweth out splinters If you have the Itch or are scabby and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree wash your self with it Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder which is under the gray in Butter and anoint your self with it mixing if you will a little Brimstone therewith If you be troubled with the Ring-worm or any running Scab infuse Litharge in Vineger and let it stand a night infused or make a Decoction of the same in Vineger But your pan or vessel must be of brass This Vineger mingle with Oyl of Elder or of Roses
thy mouth with it as also spirting a little of it into thy horses mouth Besides mingling it with water it will afford thee a good cooling drink If it be very cold put some of that horse-hair that is wont to be curried out of their mains and tails into thy boots I never received on such occasions more warmth from any thing especially keeping my self dry A Hares-skin is also good for this purpose making socks of it but if it grow wet 't is naught Gather of the Wheel-grease that runs out at the nave of the Wheels and would else be lost which hath taken in some of the substance of the Iron that is about the Axel-tree witness its blackness This is a good Ointment for Horses When thou comest into the field and art to lye abroad look out for some rising ground that the Rain which may possibly fall may run away from thee And avoid as much as is possible Vallies Marishes Ditches Meadows and the like low and moist places Besides observe the Air and put up thy Tent towards the East which quarter though it be cool yet 't is wholsom But lest it should be too cool order it so that thou mayst enjoy that wind which comes from between the East and South as being one of the wholsomest of all Airs and temperate the South-air qualifying the sharpness of the Eastern Beware of the Western Wind especially that which blows from between the South and West The Air of Mid-night is wholesome enough and dry but sharp and piercing Believe it a Souldier is much concern'd in the Air nor hath Hippocrates without cause written a whole Book De Aere Aquis Locis to teach how the Air Water and Places are to be discerned and chosen Moreover look about thee for good cleer Water such as grows warm and cool again sooner than other waters and observe this mark for my sake I know water that will not boyl Pease Vetches Stock-fish Flounders c. In some Springs Iron is turn'd into Brass and great care is to be had in the choice of water for drinking But if thou canst not have spring-Spring-water but art necessitated to use Pit or Ditch-water have a care not to drink it without straining least thou shouldst swallow Frog or Snake-spawn For I have known and had in my cure a Countrey-man who voided though not at once but at different times two hundred fifty and five Frogs and of them many in my own house in the presence of divers Ecclesiastical and Secular Persons and some of the biggest of them being dryed are still to be seen in the Repository of Mantua as also in that of Mr. Philip Hainhofer at Auspurg And there is a Cook in the Hospital of Wessenburg or Landsberg who as appeared by the event had drunk the Spawn of Serpents out of which were bred divers Serpents in his body some of which he voided by virtue of the Medicine he took amongst which there was one of the length of a Bavarian Ell. The Man hath been since in good health and continues in his service to this day Wherefore it will behoove you to spread your handkerchief over the Ditch-water and so drink through it or if you take any of it up unstrain'd quench first a red-hot Stone or Iron in it whereby the noxious quality will be destroyed Or if you lye still and can get any Oyl of Vitriol let some drops of that fall into it and you need not then fear any corruption or poyson in such water Otherwise if time will permit let it boil up and cool again and put a crust of bread into it and you may drink of it safely Those Waters that run out of stony hills and from under rocks are the best to which may be reckon'd those Springs that flow from high places and purge themselves in clear sand and pebles If thou meet with Beer or Wine take heed of excess and forbear drinking New beer that hath not yet done working or is not some days old because new beer causeth the Strangury And in case this should trouble thee take a handful of Hay-blossoms boyl them in water and Urine over it drawing into thy body the warm steam thereof and anointing thy Navel several times with warm suet If thou art hot and canst not forbear drinking make water first then wash thy mouth and cool the arteries on both thy temples and those of both thy wrists and then drinking will hurt thee less If you chance to drink whilst you are hot which is so dangerous a thing that some have dyed within 24 hours after it others have fallen into consumptive Coughs others been troubled with Pains in their sides and with Impostumes c. then take of the leaves of Bellis or Daisy which grows in all meadows and pasture-grounds and is green both winter and summer and wash them clean and dress them like a Salad with Oyl Vinegar and a little Salt and forthwith eat thereof and it helps immediately as I know by much Experience But this must be used presently the sooner the better I can say with truth that in all my Practice of Physick for above 20 years I have not met with any Experiment of so quick an Operation from any herb as from this But here I must note that I have always used the Red Daisy and have not tryed the other sorts though I am apt to believe the others may have the like effect You must not eat the Flowers but only the Leaves This Experiment should be put up on all posts every where for the good of Courriers Mowers and other labouring Men that are wont to drink plentifully when they are hot and thereby spoil themselves in great numbers But to proceed as thou art to beware of excess of drinking at all times so thou art especially to forbear when thou art to stand Sentinel lest thou shouldst fall a sleep whereby thou mayst lose thy life at least thy place and thy preferment for ever Neither be fond of Gaming at dice tables c. whence are occasioned quarrels mistrusts deceit swearing and what not Avoid also the company of base women lest thou shouldst be constrained to undergo the Mercurial Salivation and with it a very lean Diet of thin broth water-gruel barley-broth prunes roasted apples and such like without any flesh-meat at all CHAP. III. Concerning the Physicians and Chirurgions in an Army EVery Army ought to be well provided with one or more able Physicians such as are not only expert in the cure of inward Diseases but also understanding in outward Cases as Wounds Burnings Luxations Dislocations Erysipelas's or St. Antony's Fires c. These Physicians ought to be no Youngsters that are lately come from Schools and Universities knowing only in Controversies and Disputations but such as are expert in the Cure of Diseases especially such as are most frequent in Armies They are also to be Men of good nature great honesty and condescension willing to take pains with
Vine-leaves or fresh Cabbage-leaves and if you have no Alablaster-salve take two parts of Vinegar and one part of Oyl of Olives the Sea-blossoms Oyl and Elder-Vinegar were better dip long rags of linnen therein and having well squeez'd them again lay them luke-warm over the face and temples Even Vinegar alone is good Of such Applications you may make many of Acetum of Roses Elder-blossoms and the like with a little Camphir The expressed Milk of Peaches is also very effectual in this case If at the going off of this Distemper a hot defluxion should fall into the Eyes take Camphir and infuse it in water and often moisten the Eyes therewith and if it should be cold and windy weather you will do well to keep your self out of the open Air and not to let this water dry up in your Eyes in the cold wind In case of having lost thy hearing take of thy own Urine and with it wash thy Ears within but withall dry them very well because that moisture is very noxious to the Ears And it often happens that after the Hungarian Sickness People grow deaf or hard of hearing Others put the water of Carduus-benedictus distilled with Wine into the Ears or the Oyl of bitter Almonds If thy Throat swell or the Palate of thy Mouth be fallen down gargarize thy Throat with warm Milk wherein Figgs have been boil'd or sweetned with Sugar The Flowers of Phyllirea or Mock-privet which grows in the hedges boiled and used for a gargarism heals also a sore Throat The same doth the middle rind of Oxyacantha or Haw-thorn if boiled with a little Allom dissolved in the Decoction If you have the juyce of Mulberries mix a little honey of Roses with it and often take a little thereof The roots of Sloes boiled in red Wine and the Mouth often washed therewith is also very good If thou hast the Squinancy boil Scabious in Meath and drink thereof warm when strain'd Beat Turnips and fry them in Butter or Oyl and clap them in a cloth round about thy Neck If thou cast up blood take Mouse-ear Ground-ivy Cumfrey boil them in half Wine and half Water or in Meath and drink often of it But if the Plague reign not open first a Vein For a violent Cough boil white Turnips well cleansed in common water throw away this first water pour on other water and in it let the Turnips boil till they grow soft Strain this water sweeten it with Sugar or infuse in it Liquorice cut small and drink of it mornings and evenings warm Or make a Decoction of St Johns bread and drink it abstaining from all sour and salt things The bleeding at the Nose is also incident to persons infected which is no good sign though in sound persons it often frees from the Head-ach and cools the Liver If this bleeding be too violent clap Ice-cold water about the Patients Neck or let him put his Pudenda in cold Vinegar CHAP. V. Of the Inflammation of the Tongue its rise and concomitants together with the Remedies VVHen the Tongue is inflamed the whole Oesophagus or Weasand is inflamed also and this from beneath upward because the inward fire sends up its smoak all along as it were that chimney which like soot sticks to it drying and blackning the same But there is another Inflammation much more dangerous which taketh its rise about the Heart and therefore is call'd the Inflammation of the Heart which proceeds from the great inflammation of the orifice of the Stomach situate near the Heart in which is inserted the sixth pair of Nerves which maketh the said orifice very sensible of any pain This part being seized by so great an inflammation which is venomous withall it must in a manner harden and shrink and this heat is of that extent that the inner Membrane of the Stomach and that of the Tongue being one and the same what befalls the Stomach the Tongue must needs be sensible of it Whence it comes to pass that if the Gall overflows and passeth into the Stomach the Tongue presently finds the bitterness of it or if the Stomach be full of slime or foul or the like the Tongue is soon affected therewith There is another kind of Inflammation by the Latins called Prunella alba This is of the same kind with the rest but not of the same degree for 't is not of so dry a nature as the others are but commonly is moist yet overlays all the Gums the Throat and the Weasand with such a tough white slime like a kind of leather and so covers the Almonds with the same that sometimes it can hardly be removed even with Instruments The Tongue is as if it were crusted over with dough the Gums like an Oven that by the heat of fire is burnt white the Almonds cover'd as 't were with white leather and the Palate of the Mouth likewise And in this case if the Patient will speak he lalls and stutters his Tongue being burthen'd with a load of slime or if he make his Tongue wagg the slime spins out like a thred and so invades the Teeth as if they were laid over with varnish And when this varnish on the Teeth grows black as I have often observ'd it to do and drieth on them 't is a mortal sign of which Hippocrates saith Quibus in febribus livores circum dentes nascuntur his fortes fiunt febres 4. Aph. 53. These are the three sorts of Inflammation for which let us now seek out the Remedies beginning from the last the White This is not to be master'd by gargarisms alone but the hand must be employed also Take therefore Cotton-wool or Flax and wind it about a stick or rod and dip this in Vinegar and rake his Throat and Gums therewith yet taking care not to make it raw let him gargarise between and wash well his Mouth with Water and Vinegar or Mul-berry-juyce Privet that grows in the hedges or the middle rind of Hawthorn boiled in Water and a little Vinegar then strained with a little Sal-armoniack put into it is in this case an excellent gargarism but if there be blisters upon the Tongue or elsewhere then take instead of Sal-armoniack a little un-burnt Allom and mix it therewith If you can have the Juyce of Turnips or the Juyce of fresh House-leek dissolve therein also a little Sal-armoniack and use it to wet the stick wherewith thou cleansest the Throat of the Patient dipping it often therein and carrying it about the Uvula or Palate of the Mouth and you will see lumps come away as big as Pease The skin is under this Prunella alba fair and red but tender Whilst thou art cleansing the Patients Mouth let him often gargarise with the Waters above-specified and he will clear his Mouth of the loosen'd lumps If thou canst get Mulberry-juyce mixt with Honey of Roses the Mouth will heal the better for upon this sort of Inflammation there usually follows a Putrefaction of the
MEDICINA MILITARIS OR A BODY OF MILITARY MEDICINES Experimented BY Raymundus Mindererus Late Chief Physitian of the Electoral Court of Bavaria and of the Imperial City of Auspurg Englished out of High-Dutch LONDON Printed by William Godbid and are to be Sold by Moses Pitt at the Angel over against the Little North Door of St. Paul's Church 1674. A BODY OF MILITARY MEDICINES EXPERIMENTED CHAP. I. Concerning the Morals of a Souldier WHereas the Old Philosophers wished to every one MENTEM SANAM IN CORPORE SANO a Sound Mind in a Sound Body considering how much it conduced to the Health of the Body to have the Mind free from Vice and Vexation It will behoove a Souldier as much at least as any man to endeavour after that Soundness and Integrity of conscience which may inspire him with true Fortitude undisturbed from the troubles and anxieties accompanying Impiety and Injustice To this end he ought in the first place be constant in paying his Duties to Almighty God by serving Him in publick and private by imploring the Divine protection and blessing in all his Just undertakings and by returning his humble acknowledgments for every good success Next he ought to serve his Prince faithfully to the best of his skill and power to obey his Officers readily and to do to all others as he would be done to if he were in their condition CHAP. II. What care a Souldier is to take of his Body THe Mind being thus taken care of thou art to advise with a skilful Physician concerning thy Body whether it be not necessary to purge it the better to secure thy self from Agues and Fevers Then furnish thy self with some Mithridate or Treacle to use it against infection taking of it in the morning fasting against the ill Air the quantity of a hasel-nut Take also with thee a quantity of Zedoary Angelica Imperatoria or Masterwort and Carlina of which thou shalt do well now and then to eat some for the preservation of thy strength and against the corruption of the Air. But especially keep thy Head and Feet warm by the neglect of which thou maist cast thy self into great danger Take heed of surcharging thy stomach which is to prepare and to convey the nourishment for the whole body and restrain as much as thou canst thy appetite there being nothing more hurtful to health than when that is irregular and extravagant Gird thy self well that thy body may be close and so be secured from receiving mischief in leaping falling storming c. and thy bowels from being put out of their place Take also with thee out of the Apothecary's shop a powder called Pulvis solutivus de Tribus which is not dear Of this when thou needest purging take the weight of a ducat or a little more according to thy constitution in warm flesh-broath or the like early in the morning fasting so ordering the matter that that day thou maist keep thy self warm in thy quarter Fast two hours after the taking of it and then eat warm meat The same may be done with Pulvis Sena Montagnana and Pulvis solutivus de Tartaro If thou be troubled with Corns on thy feet apply to them every day fresh lard and continue this till by the fatness of the lard they grow soft and then they will fall off from the very roots without pain To free or secure thy self from Vermin take a good quantity of Worm-wood and the inner cuttings of horse-hoofs cut out by the Farriers when they shooe horses boyl these both together in half lye and half water and so put thy shirt into it and afterwards dry it in the Air without washing it out any other way and not a lowse will come into it This Experiment is found approved amongst the old German Souldiers and although there should be a lowse in thy shirt it would not stay there If thy feet be moist and sweaty which is very troublesome not only to thy self but to others also take the filings of Brass which are sometimes used for dust to dry moist writings with and put some of it into thy socks and walk upon it Refresh this every other or third day and thou shalt soon be freed of that inconvenience Nor be thou troubled that it makes as it will do thy feet look greenish for there is no hurt at all in that since you are not like to put them in your cap. Take also with thee some Stags or Bucks-grease to make use of in case thou shouldst be galled any where in riding or going on foot Anoint the part therewith at the fire-side and it will soon be healed To prevent Rust draw thy Sword through the fat of a Goose or Capon or grease thy Arms therewith Take care to have always about thee a hard crust of Rye-bread for if thou art dry and destitute of water wine or beer to quench thy thirst chew some of this dry crust and it will moisten thy mouth and considerably abate thy thirst The same may be done with a Leaden-bullet rolled to and fro in the mouth Lead being cooling It hath been prescribed above to take with thee the Herbs Imperatoria and Carlina Of this be mindful for if it should happen that thou shouldst be obliged to stand some hours in battail or in the field take a piece of it in thy mouth for hunger thirst and refreshment and thou shalt find it will keep thee a good while from faintness But woe to thy fellows if they want it for they will certainly faint unless thou be so kind as to give them a share in thy provision In the best Apothecary-shops may be found a root called Costus somewhat like Cinnamon which hath the same effect And if others should eat Onions others drink Brandy and I only hold in my mouth of this root the bigness of half a pea I should keep in breath a good while longer than they But take notice that this I speak of is not the common Costus which hitherto hath been sold for the true in common shops but that which comes to us from the Indies If thou art a Horse-man take a good quantity of Bay-salt a little Brimstone Clove and Ginger and mingle with it some of the powder of the two above-said herbs Imperatoria and Carlina and give it to thy Horse or in case of want of Provender let him have of it upon his bitt or give him some upon a slice of bread and it will make him strong and vigorous If thou art to ride in a German Saddle the two hind-knobs whereof are wont only to be stuffed out with straw or horse-hair get thee made two Tin-flaskes with good screws fitted for those places In one of them carry Brandy in the other Vinegar The Brandy will serve thee in cold nights and fresh mornings and 't will be good also for thy horse giving him a little of it upon bread The Vinegar will be of use to thee for the heat of the day washing
Medicines do well that preserve the body from putrefaction for the Plague Spotted Feavers and the Hungarian Distemper proceed all from inward corruption And of them the Plague attacks the Spirits residing in the Heart and so killeth very quickly whereas Spotted Feavers have their seat in the Blood and therefore do last twelve fourteen and sometimes twenty days before they kill But the Hungarian Disease is seated chiefly in the putrified Phlegm of the Head and Brains whence those that labour under it are tormented with great and maniacal head-ach But though these three Diseases have their rise from one and the same cause Putrefaction and are to be cured by the same remedies yet is therein required the discretion of a prudent Physitian for the ordering and prescribing of Medicines according to circumstances Take a drachm of Zedoary give it pulverised to the Patient in Acetum of Rue or Elder or Marigold-flowers or even in common Vinegar Let him sweat upon it 'T is good against all sorts of venom and causeth a sweet breath as resisting inward corruption In the Apothecary Shops you find an Electuary called Diascordium found by that famous Physitian Hieronymus Fracastorius It is like to Treacle and Mithridate only 't is red from some Ingredients giving it that colour This may be used with safety by Women with Child young Children and all sorts of Persons whereas as was said above Treacle and Mithridate may not It is made chiefly of Scordium or Water-Germander which hath the smell of Leek when bruised Galen in his first Book De Antidotis Chap. 12. writeth that when in a great battel some slain bodies chanced to fall upon this Herb they rotted not as far as they were touched by this Herb. The said Fracastorius did compound this his Diascordium out of this Herb Scordium Tormentil Serpentaria Gentian Bole Armeniac and Terra Sigillata and such like Ingredients It is chiefly to be used in the hot Diseases of the Head which I have done many a hundred times Take of it the weight of about two ducats in common Vinegar or in Elder-water or rather in the expressed Juyce of fresh Sorrel and sweat upon it T is very good especially in the Hungarian Sickness and other venomous and infectious Diseases To young People you may give a lesser quantity and proportionably you are to lessen the dose for Women with Child or in Child-bed and little Children Besides take notice of the Powder of Doctor Hessius which hath been used with great benefit and is thus prepared Take a drachm of Sugar-candy a quarter of an ounce of pulverised Ginger and a drachm of Camphir reduce all to a fine powder give of it to the infected Patient the weight of a drachm in Vinegar mingled with the water of Marigold-flowers Scabious or Sorrel and sweat upon it If you have none of these waters then look that the Vinegar be not too sharp and to that end dilute it with some wine and water Mean time though in this case I highly value Camphir yet in stead of Ginger I would use Zedoary Saxifrage Carlina or Imperatoria or the true Petasites or Butter-burr Again Brimstone is none of the meanest remedies in these infectious cases for it preserves the body from putrefaction Wherefore take of the noble Flowers of Sulphur a quarter of an ounce being sublimed from Colcothar add to it one scruple of Camphir an ounce of the Spirit or Oyl of Cyprian or Venetian Turpentine Put all this into a Glass-head lute it well and put it upon hot sand or ashes whereby the Oyl of Turpentine will come to open the Brimstone and produce a red colour like a Ruby or at least as yellow as a high-colour'd Hyacinth Of this give some to the Patient three or four times mingled with a little Treacle or in Sorrel Cardobenedictus or Scabious-water This Balsom is excellent also in sore Breasts that are growing purulent taken in warm broth or in a good wound-drink But this must be in cases of no great heat or inflammation in which it would be dangerous Amongst all the Remedies which serve against Infectious Diseases that of Henricus Stapedius to be found in my Book de Pestilentia is an excellent one and perhaps the best for curing as well as preserving of which half a spoonful being taken fasting is able to keep a Man well for twelve hours or more But if any be already infected he must take of it at any time immediately to the quantity of a spoonful and an half or two spoonfuls for sweating Which is to be repeated every eighteen or twenty four hours to make the Patient sweat till he recover or till the Pestilential Boyls and Carbuncles break out behind the Ears under the Arms or else-where This Water though it be somewhat dear yet its vertue countervailes its price The older it grows the more vertue it hath Many have ascribed great efficacy to the Blood of Animals Thus old Democritus witness Galen prepared an Electuary of such Blood called Diathaematôn Some esteem much the Blood of Storks because they eat Toads and Snakes others value the Blood of Hens because they eat Spiders and other venomous Infects I should esteem most the Flesh or Blood of Badgers which is to be dried in the shade and that done you must mix with it Saffron Camphir and some or other of the Anti-pestilential roots as of Angelica Zedoaria or the like together with a little live Brimstone to the quantity of a ducat which is to be taken in Acetum of Rue or Marigold-flowers or Walnuts and in case of want of these in common Vinegar Upon which the Patient is to sweat If thou art a good husband have ready a good Acetum of Rue Walnut-kernels and Marigold-flowers taking the greater quantity of Rue and as you use it fill it up again with Acetum of Elder-berries The Rich do use for their Physick in the time of the Plague the red Hungarian as also the Imperial red and gray Powder Bezoar Harts-horn Antidotum Matthioli Terra Sigillata Bole Armeniack Scorzonera and Contrayerva Species de Gemmis Diamargariton de Hyacintho and other high Medicines of which I have largely discoursed in my above-cited Book De Pestilentia But I though I have used such remedies among the Rich yet I content my self commonly with the plainer and most common Medicines of which I have more knowledge and experience The Pickle of Ebulus or Walwort aliàs Dane-wort or Dwarf-elder which is of kin to Elder as also the Pickle of Juniper-berries are also of great use in this case The Physitians of Ausburg made great use in the year 1572 of the red Imperial powder the composition of which is in the Augustan Dispensatory at large as also in my Book de Peste These are the several means to provoke sweat which I esteem to be of great efficacy for that purpose upon a sudden And though Souldiers have not the conveniency of a bed for sweating when they are in a
small pellets called by the Germans Quellmaisseln dipt in a Salve made for this purpose out of fresh Butter Yolks of Eggs and Turpentine well mixt together cold But it happens sometimes that such Bubo's by reason of the venomous matter do eat in or grow fistulous or make matter-baggs in which the matter settles In this case you must use the Unguentum fuscum Apostolicum or the Aegyptiacum Or make the following water to be squirted into such Sores namely of Celondine Scordium or Water-germander Carduus-benedictus Centory or the like Herbs together with Tormentil and Whitlow-grass all boiled in wine If the Sores be very ill you may boil with it some quick Brimstone and Myrrh and if need be mix with it a little fine Verdigrease Or take Honey four ounces and an half a quarter of an ounce of Aloes Epatica a drachm of Salt an ounce and a half of Scordium mix all well together and keep it for use and when you have occasion for any of it then dissolve it in wine and spirt it in Mean time enlarge the opening of the Boyls with the aforesaid pellets that so the matter may have vent enough and come away without any impediment The Unguent of Ulysses Aldrovandus is also very good for the clearing of such Sores and 't is made of Oyl of Roses the Juyce of broad Plantain sharp-pointed Dock Centory and Night-shade with a little Litharge burnt Lead and prepared Camphir Instead of the Juyce of Night-shade you may take that of Cumfry As for the Sores call'd Anthraces and those they call Carbuncles great care must be taken to break them soon and to heal them slowly that so the poisonous matter may all come away They ripen and break soonest by fatty but not hot Plaisters and Unguents especially such as are made of butter leaven yolks of Eggs and Honey or if you mix together Turpentine Unguentum Populeum or Rose-salve mixt with yolks of Eggs or the Unguentum Anodynum mixt with the Ointment of Hounds-tongue and laid on it It must be often refreshed because such hot Sores and Ulcers before they break do so draw waste and as 't were lick up those fatnesses that sometimes of the plaisters that have lain on them there remains nothing but the bare ragg The Emplastrum Basilicon or the common yellow drawing plaister is here the most useful You must also surround the Anthrax with good defensives for if it invade the neighbouring part never so little it will soon make a large halo or circle which will at length separate from the sound and fall away like an escarre For such defensives make use of Album Camphoratum or the Unguentum de Liquiritia known by our people under the name of Dr. Mindererus his Licorish-ointment Item the Unguentum de Lithargyro or the Unguentum Jovis prepared of fresh Butter with Thlaspiminus or Bowyers Mustard otherwise Narrow-leaved wild Cresses Cranes-bill Elder Poppy Vervain and some shaved Licorish Some take nothing but Vervain and the fresh leaves of Henbane beaten together and the Juyce strained and so used Of this Ointment you may make much with confidence for it will do you very good service in Inflammations especially in the case of the swelling of the groins Amongst the approved Medicines for this purpose may deservedly be reckoned the plaister made of Soot which is thus to be prepared Take of the finest Chimney-soot one ounce and a quarter of Leaven Turpentine and fresh Butter ana one ounce of Venetian Soap an ounce and a half two yolks of Eggs of Treacle and Mithridate ana a quarter of an ounce Beat all these together in a mortar and so reduce it to a paste and then use it plaister-wise When the Anthrax or the Carbuncle is broken you must then handle it very gently and discreetly using only the above described Egg-salve putting it into the opening and covering the Sore only with the common yellow drawing plaister or the plaister prepared of Oyl Wax and Rosin or Turpentine Let the matter work out well and when you are sure that 't is very clean and have a mind to consolidate it make only use of Triapharmâ—con iâ— vulgarly call'd the brown Diachylon you may besides put into it some of the Unguentum de Tutia and that of the Diapompholox and one of the plaisters of them upon it The Ulme-plaister also made of Oyl and Ceruse heals also very well But be very careful lest any of the matter remain lurking in the Ulcer If here and there any should be found yet remaining as often happens then make use of the Emplastrum Apostolorum But if you can prepare the Diapalma otherwise called Diacalcithros make use of that I am wont to call it the Fistula-plaister because it doth not easily suffer Fistula's to stink but keeps them clean and sweet Such a plaister is also that which is called Isis to be found in Galen and performing the same thing They are both to be found in the Augustan Dispensatory together with the way of preparing them Now what concerns Old Sores which many are troubled with in their Leggs especially because the humors of the body usually settle there you must above all things be careful to keep them clean and to that end wash them at least once a day with your own urine Or boil Carduus-benedictus Egrimony Plantain and roots of Tormentil in half small meath and half wine and wash the Ulcer with it as often as you dress it Among the common plaisters for such evils is the brawn Diachylum one of the best Else you may prepare this Ointment which follows Take the middle rind of Elder and St. Johns-wort boil them in oyl putting a little wine to it and so let it boil up till the wine be boiled away then take it off from the fire and let it cool this done stir a little Turpentine amongst it and a yolk or two of Eggs according as you make a greater or lesser quantity mixing with it a little Allum and Vitriol the white is the best stir all well together and apply it to the Ulcer and make a bandage and cover it as usually For a good Drawing-plaister take Rosin Bee-wax and Oyl-olive the quantity of the Rosin must be but the half of the Wax Let them melt together and stir amongst it some Tartar exquisitly powder'd Use not much of fatty things to such Ulcers I have had under my care such Ulcers that were to be healed with only dry things as with strewing in of Crocus Martis and the red Earth of Vitriol of which hereafter For this reason the antient Physitians and Chirurgions invented a dry Stone which they kept so secret that they called it Lapis Philosophorum which is easily made as followeth Take Allum Hungarian Vitriol of each one pound beat them to powder and mix them well together then put all into a glased earthen pot and pour upon it two quarts of water boil them together and stir them continually with a Spatula taking
ground for new and good flesh to grow upon For though there be many things that cleanse Sores yet they leave the flesh loose and spung◠but this is both astringent and withall maketh such a found and firm bottom that you may trust to it Whence also it is to be used in fistulous Sores But to return to the stopping of Blood take the blood of a Lamb or Sheep let it stand in a clean earthen vessel until the serum be sever'd from it pour this off and dry the blood well in a new glased pipkin upon hot embers Then pulverise it and mix with it a fourth part of clean pulverised Tragacanth and strew this into the wound If the issue of the blood be so impetuous that it washes away the first application then wipe the wound again and strew into it of the same powder the second time Putting amongst it Allum Crocus Martis or the red Earth of Vitriol you will do well Bind the wound with the Emplastrum Santalinum which is called Incognitum by our Chirurgions or with the Ceratum ex pelle arietinae due to Arnoldus de Villa nova The blood being stopt and the wound cleansed you must then apply good vulnerary Oyls or Wound-balsoms Oyls are all as I mention'd above fatty whence it is that they do not easily consolidate wounds unless you put to them some refined Mastic Sarco-colla Sanguis Draconis Sandarach or the like But to open unto you the good affection of my heart I shall describe here my Wound-balsom wherewith I have by Gods assistance done much good viz. Take as much as you please of Turpentin of Cyprus which comes from Venice and is taken inwardly and the same quantity of the red Oyl of St. Johns wort dissolve them together Then take Gumm Elemy dissolve it apart and pour it among the other and so let all cool and when 't is half cold pour amongst it a little Oyl of Bees-wax and your Balsom is prepared I cannot tell you the precise weight of each ingredient because as often as I have prepared it I have done it by the Eye and as it seemed good unto me only note that there must be so much of the Gumm Elemy as to give it a due consistence which you may try by casting a drop or two of it into cold water this Balsom being to be thinner than an Unguent and yet thicker than Oyl This Balsom heals very speedily especially when used in wounds freshly inflicted on fine pledgets and only with a yellow Tractif bound over it Be also provided with good Plaister for wounds made by Thrusting such as are the Opodeldoch of Theophrastus or the good black Thrust plaister thus to be prepared Take of Oyl of Rose seven ounces of Colophonium black Pitch white Wax Roman Vitriol Cerusse Frankincense Myrth ana eight ounces of Mastic one ounce of the Oyl of Eggs two ounces of Spike-oyl one ounce of the Oyl of Juniper-berries three ounces of Mumia two ounces off white Vitriol and red Corals ana two ounces of Heron-suet one ounce of Magnet two ounces of well cleansed Earth-worms pulverised and of Camphir ana one ounce Of all this make a powder secundùm artem My Opodeldoch that I make use of is almost like this but that I mix with it the red Earth of the Oyl of Vitriol above spoken of in the matter of Blood-staunching and add also to it Turpentin and Gumm Elemi with some Tutia Aloes epatica well prepared Lapis Calaminaris and Crocus Martis And thus the Plaister becomes red and hard like Spanish Sealing-wax I take also Gummi Ammoniac Galbanum and Opoponax the Oyl of St. Johns-wort and Myrrh This Plaister draws from the bottom and reaches deep A Souldier having this about him and upon ocsion working it only to some flatness there being no need of laying it on a cloth may thus put it on the wound taking it off mornings and evenings to wipe it clean and then working it through again lay it on as before And so he may heal himself which when done let him clean the Plaister and role it up in a bladder for another occasion I have seen considerable operations of Gumm Elemi used alone laid on leather and put upon the thrust but this wound is then to be kept from falling together To prevent incidental heat and inflammation of the wounds make use of the Oyl of Roses Bol Armeniac Whites of Eggs and Camphir But to avoid trouble you may find ready in the Apothecary-shops the Unguentum album Unguentum de Minlo Camphoratum de Liguiritia de Lithargyro Santalinum and the like to be put about the wound when dressed You may with great benefit and you ought also especially in the wounds of the Head provided there be no danger of bleeding lay over the bandage some fine raggs moisten'd in wine and well dried again This allays the pain and withall prevents swelling And in case the wound be swelled you may also to good purpose make use of Fomentations made of the herb and flowers of Mullein Betony Egrimony Cowslips Camomil Melilot Ground-ivy red Roses Bugle and the like But beware of all hot things whatever they be Boil the aforesaid herbs or the like in half wine and water but if the wound be not inflamed take two parts of wine and one of water With such fomentations I have done much good among others upon a Fencing-Master of Nurenberg called Cameysen who in the publick Fencing-school received thrusts in both his Eyes insomuch that by reason of the great swelling that ensued thereupon he lost all his sight but by the use of such fomentations God blessing the means I recover'd his sight A Bone being broken set it carefully and bind it up strongly having laid upon it Oxycroceum or Emplastrum de pelle Arietina You may also comfort such wounds with the like fomentations as before described On the bank of the Rhine is found a Stone in the gravel call'd Lapis sabulosus which is easily reducible to powder Of this if you can get it give to the Patient whose bone is broken a drachm to be taken in broath mornings of which he will find a very good effect In the case of a Limb wrenched clap to it Bran boiled in wine sometimes according to occasion mixing with it a little Salt and Marsh-mallows or red Hounds-tongue-salve If it have happened long ago then make a pulse of Wheaten-flower Milk and the Oyl of Camomil or Mullein mixing a little Saffron with it and clap it on hot If there be any collection or coagulation of blood the Unguent of Hounds-tongue will do well together with a linnen compress moistened in warm wine You must also be provided with good Wound-drinks but they must be prepared diversly according to the several places wounded Thus in the wounds of the Head Betony challenges the pre-eminence and the greatest quantity of all the Vulnerary Herbs in the wounds of the Sides Carduus benedictus claims that right
in the wounds of the Breast Veronica or Speedwell ought to have it in those about the Kidneys the Herb Strawberry must be preferred in those near the Liver Agrimony will have the precedency and so forth Mean time the Vulnerary Herbs to be used in such occasions are these Sanicle Winter-green Ladies-mantle Speedwell Orpine Mugwort Ground-ivy Strawberry-leaves Agrimony St. Johns-wort Cinquefoil Bugle Tormentil Snakeweed Avens Woodrooff c. You may make an excellent Wound-drink of these four Ingredients viz. Winter-green Orpine Mugwort and Snakeweed boiled in half wine and water but in case there be an inflammation wine is to be forborn or very little of it to be employed If any Bone be broken into splinters do not pull them out with any violence but loosen them with a good Ointment of Eggs keeping the wound open the longer Nature herself will not suffer any splinter to remain behind Now you must be ready with some good thing for blood coagulated in case any person should have been flung down squeesed beaten or fallen from a high place The right powder for this purpose is thus made Take of Terra Sigillata or Bol Armeniac Sanguis Draconis and Mumia ana half an ounce of Sperma Ceti and Rhubarbana half a drachm reduce it to a powder of which give the Patient the weight of about a ducat in wine or chervil-water Or take a good quantity of Chervil boil it in meath or flesh-broath and let the Patient drink a good draught of it warm three times a day Or let him drink a thimble full of Sperma Ceti in beer adding a little butter to it Or take of Mumia half an ounce of Sperma Ceti two drachms of Oculi Cancrorum of which the blew ones which sometimes fall from Crafishes whilst alive are the best three drachms adding to it a little Licorish and Cinnamon and some Tormentil-roots Of this pulverised give every day to the Patient mornings and evenings the weight of about half a ducat and by this means you will expel purulent matter and blood and bony splinters and sometimes even bullets lurking in the flesh not omitting other good Wound-drinks and vulnerary Balsoms Plaisters Ointments and Fomentations Again take of the red Hounds-tongue Ointment of the bigness of a great Walnut dissolve it in warm broath it expels all coagulated blood especially if you mix some Sperma Ceti with it If you have any thorns thistles bullets small shot or the like to draw out where perhaps you cannot reach them with Instruments then burn live Crafishes in a new pipkin until they be reducible to powder but burn them not to ashes This powder mix with Hares-suet and lay it on and you will find a good effect Also take the roots of the big Reed that grows in marishes dry them to be pulverised and mix Virgin-honey with it and lay it upon the part and of the same powder give the Patient to drink twice a day the weight of half a ducat in wine or in broath or in a vulnerary potion if you have any at hand The first of this I learned of the Excellent Doctor Schleer of Constance The excrement of a Gander being applied is also powerful in drawing out Iron Again Quince-wine mingled with vineger and putting some saffron and gun powder amongst it if you give it to one that hath been shot it will do him good Otherwise they make a plaister of the roots of Cumfrey Aron Polypody Juniper and dried Radishes all reduced to powder and mix it with Hares-suet and grey Diachylum making a thick Ointment of it and spreading it over a piece of Hare-skin and so laying it on This is greatly praised especially when seconded with good Wound-drinks of which Masterwort is one of the Ingredients But if you have not this at hand take a Beet and boil it in wine and lay it warm on the wound Likewise young Swallows not yet fledge burnt to powder and this powder made by acetum of Roses into a pulse and laid on does the same You ought also to be provided for the Synovia And if you proceed aright with my Wound-balsom above described and keep the wound warm you may therewith do much good Mix with it ex abundanti the red Earth of Vitriol above discours'd of This Synovia is a dangerous thing and often causeth almost intollerable pain if it be not well handled the Herb of Straw-berries and its Juyce have great vertue in this case Some make use of the White of Eggs Bol Armeniac and the like The Magistery of Allum also belongs hither for Allum mixed with vineger and clapp'd on very warm allays it also Elder-blossoms likewise used every way are effectual in the same case Employ also diligently such Defensive-plaisters as are not fatty because fat lays no hold on water To proceed to Burnings I know almost no better Salve for burning than this Take a Tench or any common Pond-fish fry one or more of them with good butter pour the fatness upon cold water in a broad earthen part and you have an excellent Ointment against Burnings When some years since a Powder-mill was blown up and the Attendants upon the work so miserably burnt that they looked as if they had been rosted they were healed with this Ointment only a little finely powder'd Sage being mixt with it Cream and Linseed-oyl mingled together and raggs moisten'd therein put upon the burnt part healeth though the burning were made with Aquafortis for to my knowledge a certain Chymist that had thus burnt all his arm was thereby restored Or take Oyl of Elder or stale Oyl that hath been long in a burning lamp beat half as much as you take of that of the Whites of Eggs amongst it and anoint the burnt part therewith If you can get no Oyl of Elder take any other cooling Oyl as of Nymphaea Water-lillies Poppy-seeds Violets or Roses or the Oyl of Poplar-buds or of Marâ—h-marigold Flowers If you can have Quince-wine it marvailously extinguishes the burning of any shot dipping a linnen pledget in it and drawing it through the wound or left in it repeating this every twelfth hour The Juyce or Wine of Quinces must be used as it comes from the fruit without any mixture of Sugar This I learn'd from a Nobleman a great Souldier of long experience in the Wars of France the Low Countries and Hungary The Unguentum Jovis made of Henbane Vervain and Butter is also very useful for this purpose Likewise the Ointment of Calx viva which is first six or seven times to be slaked and dulcified with pure water pouring every twelve or sixteen hours fresh water upon it and decanting the former so as to leave always the Calx at the bottom which is then to be mixed with Oyl of Roses or some other cooling Oyl for an Ointment If you be well acquainted with Elder and know how to use it you may obtain out of it one of the best Cures of Burnings especially out of its