for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
â„ž olei chamâ—m aneth butyr recent an â„¥ i. sem apii petros galang an Ê’ss aq vitae ol salviaaut thymi chimice extract q. s The following liniment is much commended by Hollerius â„ž olei rut nardi an Ê’vi dissolutiÊ’ii liquefactis simul adde Zâ—betaegr iv croci gr vi fiat linimentum Also little bags made with millet oates and salt fryed with a little white wine in a frying pan shall be applyed hot upon the belly flankes and renewed before they grow cold You may in stead of these bags use oxe bladders halfe filled with a decoction of resolving things as salt rosemary thime lavander bay-berries and the like then inject a glyster being thus made â„ž quatuor remol an m. i. orig puleg. calamenth an m. ss anisi carui an m. ss flor aneth an p. 1. bulliant in hydromele ad lib. i. in qua dissolve bened laxat mellis anthosati sacc rub an â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem an â„¥ iss Let a glyster be made to bee injected at twice for the guts being stretched out cannot conteine the accustomed dosis of a glyster also this following glyster is much approved â„ž vini malvat. olei nucum an â„¥ iii. aqua vitae â„¥ i. olei juniperi rut per quintam essent extract an Ê’iii Let this be injected as hot as the patient can endure I have oft-times as by miracle helped intolerable paine caused by the wind collick and phlegme with this glyster Avicen prescribes a carminative glyster made of hysope origanum acorus aniseeds and English galengall Let the patient feed upon meats of good juice easie digestion as broths made with the yolks of egs saffron hot herbes and a nutmeg let him drink good wine as Muskedine or Hypocras made with good wine so to heat the stomack guts For in Galens opinion all windinesse is generated by a remisse heat But if the pain shall continue a large Cupping-glasse shall bee applyed to the navill to draw and dissipate the windinesse the belly shall be bound with strong and broad ligatures to strengthen the guts and discusse the matter of flatulencies The patients taught by nature use this remedy whilst none admonishing them they presse the belly with their hands in the bitternesse of paine But if the paine cannot be thus appeased we must come to such medicines as worke by an occult propertie as the dryed gut of a Wolfe for a dram thereof made into pouder is given in wine with good successe That collick which is caused by a cholerick inflammation requires contrary medicines to wit bloodletting and a refrigerating diet potions made of Diacatholicon and Cassia dissolved in barley water also cooling glysters Avicen prescribes narcoticks for that being cold they are contrary to the morbiâ—ick cause which is hot and dry such are pils of Philonium Also pils of Hyerapicra in the quantity of ℈ iv with opium and saffron of each one graine may be used Also baths are appointed made of water wherein mallowes marsh-mallowes violet leaves flowers of white lillies lettuce purslaine have bin boyled to correct the acrimonie of the cholericke and hot humours whence the disease and symptome ariseth That collick which is like to this and proceeds from salt acride thick and tough phlegme is cured the humour being first attenuated and diffused and at length evacuated by medicines taken by the mouth and otherwise according to the prescription of the learned Phisiâ—ian But Avicen cures that which is occasioned by the suppression of the hardened excrements and twining of them by meates which have an emollient faculty such as humecting broths as that which is made of an old cock tired with running threshed to death so boyled with dill polypody and a little salt untill the flesh fall from the bones also he useth detergent glysters such as this which followes â„ž betae m. i. furfuris p. i. ficus nu x. alth m. i. fiat decoctio aâ— lb. i. in qua dissolve nitri muriae an Ê’ii sacch rub â„¥ i. ol sesamini â„¥ ii But if the obstruction be more contumacious you must use more powerfull ones made adÊ’ii But if the obstruction do notwithstanding remaine so that the excrements come forth at the mouth Marianus Sanctus wisheth by the counsell of many who have so freed themselves from this deadly symptome to drink three pounds of quicksilver with water onely For the doubled and as it were twined up gut is unfolded by the weight of the quicksilver and the excrements are deprest and thrust forth and the wormes are killed which gave occasion to this affect John of S. Germaines that most worthy Apothecary hath told me that hee saw a Gentleman who when as hee could not bee freed from the paine of the colliok by any means prescribed by learned Physitians at length by the counsell of a certaine Germane his friend drank three ounces of oile of sweet almonds drawne without fire and mixed with some white wine and pellitory water and swallowed a leaden bullet besmeared with quicksilver and that bullet comming presently out by his fundament he was wholly freed from his collick CHAP. LIX Of Phlebotomie or Blood-letting PHlebotomie is the opening of a veine evacuating the blood with the rest of the humours thus Arteriotomie is the opening of an Artery The first scope of Phlebotomie is the evacuation of the bloud offending in quantity although oft-times the Physicians intention is to draw forth the blood which offends in quality or either way by opening a veine Repletion which is caused by the quantity is two-fold the one ad vires that is to the strength the veines being otherwise not very much swelled this makes men infirme and weake nature not able to beare this humour of what kinde soever it be The other is termed ad vasa that is to the vessels the which is so called comparatively to the plenty of bloud although the strength may very well away therewith The vessels are oft-times broke by this kind of repletion so that the patient casts and spits up blood or else evacuats it by the nose wombe haemorrhoids or varices The repletion which is ad vires is knowne by the heavinesse and wearisomnesse of the whole body but that which is ad vasa is perceived by their distension and fulnesse both of them stand in neede of evacuation But bloud is onely to bee let by opening a veine for five respects the first is to lessen the abundance of bloud as in Phlethorick bodies and those who are troubled with inflammation without any plenitude The second is for divertion or revulsion as when a veine of the right arme is opened to stay the bleeding of the left nosthrile The third is to allure or draw downe as when the saphena is opened in the ankle to draw downe the courses in women The fourth is for alteration or introduction of another quality as when in sharpe
resembleth silver in the colour and is in perpetuall motion as if it had a spirit or living soule There is a great controversie amongst authors concerning it For most of them affirme it hot amongst whom is Galen Halyabas Rhases Aristotle Constantine Isack Platearius Nicholas Massa they maintain their opinion by an argument drawn from things helping and hurting besides from this that it is of such subtle parts that it penetrates dissolves and performeth all the actions of heate upon dense and hard mettals to wit it attenuateth incideth dryeth causeth salivation by the mouth purgeth by the stoole moveth urine and sweat over all the body neither doth it stirre up the thinner humours onely but in like sort the grosse tough and viscous as those which have the Lues Venerea find by experience using it either in ointments or plasters Others affirme it very cold and moyst for that put into emplasters and so applyed it asswageth paine by stupefaction hindring the acrimony of pustles and cholerick inflammations But by its humidity it softeneth scirrhous tumours dissolveth and dissipateth knots and tophous knobs besides it causeth the breath of such as are anointed therewith to stinke by no other reason than that it putrefies the obvious humours by its great humidity Avicens experiment confirmes this opinion who affirmeth that the bloud of an Ape that drunke Quicksilver was found concrete about the heart the carcasse being opened Mathiolus moved by these reasons writes that Quicksilver killeth men by the excessive cold and humide quality if taken in any large quantity because it congeales the bloud and vitall spirits and at length the very substance of the heart as may bee understood by the history of a cetaine Apothecary set downe by Conciliator who for to quench his feaverish heat in stead of water drunke off a glasse of Quicksilver for that came first to his hands hee dyed within a few houres after but first hee evacuated a good quantity of the Quicksilver by stoole the residue was found in his stomack being opened and that to the weight of one pound besides the bloud was found concrete about his heart Others use another argument to prove it cold and that is drawne from the composition thereof because it consists of lead and other cold mettals But this argument is very weak For unquencht Lime is made of flints and stony matter which is cold yet neverthelesse it exceeds in heat Paracelsus affirmeth that quicksilver is hot in the interior substance but cold in the exterior that is cold as it comes forth of the mine But that coldnesse to bee lost as it is prepared by art and heat onely to appeare and bee left therein so that it may serve in stead of a tincture in the transmutation of mettals And verily it is taken for a rule amongst Chymists that all metals are outwardly cold by reason of the watery substance that is predominant in them but that inwardly they are very hot which then appeares when as the coldnesse together with the moysture is segregated for by calcination they become caustick Moreover many account quicksilver poyson yet experience denyes it For Marianus Sanctus Baralitanus tels that hee saw a woman who for certaine causes and affects would at severall times drink one pound and an halfe of quicksilver which came from her againe by stoole without any harme Moreover he affirmeth that hee hath knowne sundry who in a desperate Cholick which they commonly call miserere mei have beene freed from imminent death by drinking three pounds of quicksilver with water only For by the weight it opens and unfolds the twined or bound up gut and thrusts forth the hard and stopping excrements he addeth that others have found this medicine effectuall against the cholick drunke in the quantity of three ounces Antonius Musa writes that hee usually giveth quicksilver to children ready to dye of the wormes Avicen confirmeth this averring that many have drunke quicksilver without any harme wherefore hee mixeth it in his ointments against scaules and scabs in children whence came that common medicine amongst the countrey people to kill lice by anointing the head with quicksilver mixed with butter or axungia Mathiolus affirmeth that many think it the last and chiefest remedy to give to women in travaile that cannot bee delivered I protest to satisfie my selfe concerning this matter I gave to a whelpe a pound of quicksilver which being drunke downe it voyded without any harme by the belly Whereby you may understand that it is wholly without any venemous quality Verily it is the onely and true Antidote of the Lues Venerea and also a very fit medicine for maligne ulcers as that which more powerfully impugnes their malignity than any other medicines that worke onely by their first qualities Besides against that contumacious scabbe which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis there is not any more speedy or certaine remedy Moreover Guido writes that if a plate of lead bee besmeared or rubbed therewith and then for some space laid upon an ulcer and conveniently fastned that it will soften the callous hardnesse of the lips thereof and bring it to cicatrization which thing I my selfe have oftimes found true by experience Certainely before Guido Galen much commended quicksilver against maligne ulcers cancers Neither doth Galen affirm that lead is poysonous which many affirm poysonous because it consists of much quicksilver but hee onely saith thus much that water too long kept in leaden pipes cisternes by reason of the drossinesse that it useth to gather in lead causeth bloudy fluxes which also is familiar to brasse and copper Otherwise many could not without danger beare in their bodies leaden bullets during the space of so many yeares as usually they doe It is declared by Theodoricke Herey in the following histories how powerfull quicksilver is to resolve and asswage paines and inflammations Not long since saith hee a certaine Doctor of Physick his boy was troubled with parotides with great swelling heat pain beating to him by the common consent of the Physicians there present I applyed an anodine medicine whose force was so great that the tumor manifestly subsided at the first dressing and the paine was much asswaged At the second dressing all the symptomes were more mitigated At the third dressing I wondring at the so great effects of an Anodine Cataplasme observed that there was quicksilver mixed therewith and this happened through the negligence of the Apothecarie who mixed the simple Anodine medicine prescribed by us in a mortar wherein but a while before he had mixed an oyntment whereinto quicksilver entred whose reliques and some part thereof yet remained therein This which once by chance succeeded well I afterwards wittingly and willingly used to a certaine Gentlewoman troubled with the like disease possessing all the region behind the eares much of the throate and a great part of the cheeke when as nature helped by common
cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the treacle-Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a yeare
but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becommeth very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectuall both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubarbe with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the comming of the pestilent Aire as also this composition following Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Buglosse of each three drammes of Citron seeds halfe an ounce of Annise seeds and Fennell seeds of each one dram of Angelica roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a Confection and cover it with leaves of Gold and take a little of it out of a spoone before you goe abroad every morning Or take of Pine-Apple kernels and Fistick nuts infused for the space of sixe hours in the water of Scabious and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters halfe a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram and a halfe of Angelica roots foure scruples make them according to art unto the forme of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectuall in such a ease Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentill Valerian Elecampaine Eringoes of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrell seeds and Zedoarie of each one scruple of the Species of the Electuarie Diamargariton Frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Buglosse preserved Citron pils Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine sugar dissolved in Scabious and Carduus water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat The pils of Ruffus are accounted most effectuall preservatives so that Ruffus himselfe saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes halfe a dram of Gumme Ammoniacum two drammes of Myrrhe two drams and an halfe of Masticke two drams of Saffron seven graines Put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrupe of Lemons and make thereof a masse and let it bee kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat let him drinke the water of Sorrell after it which through its tartnesse and the thinnesse of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrell being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtfull And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pils Aloes doth cleanse and purge Myrrhe resists putrefaction Mastick strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that governe the body especially the vitall and animall Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrhe halfe an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarbe in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Masticke one dram and a half of Citron seeds twelve grains Powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a masse with the syrupe of Maiden-haire Let it be used as afore-said If the masse begin to waxe hard the pils that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrupe of Lemons Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrhe half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoarie red Saunders of each one dram of bole Armenick prepared two drams of red Coral half an ounce of Camphire halfe a scruple make thereof pils according to Art But those that are subject or apt to the haemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldome to use those kindes of pils that doe receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasell Nut of the preservative following and dranke a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stâ—ng by some venemous beast and for this onely because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with child the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawne away from the child Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of locall medicines to be applied outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to bee neglected to bee applied outwardly or carried in the hand And such are all aromaticall astringent or spirituous things which therfore are endued with vertue to repell the venemous and pestiferous aire from comming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and the braine Of this kind are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worme-wood Cloves Nutmegs Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must bee macerated one night in sharpe Vinegar and Aquavitae and then tyed in a knot as bigge as an egge or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous vertue and strength of aromaticke things than a sponge Wherefore it is of principall use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithemes and Fomentations to the heart Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the yeere and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equall parts of Vinegar of Roses and Rose water into which you must dippe a sponge which rowled in a faire linnen cloath you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Wormewood halfe a handfull ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drammes of Vinegar and Rose water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme beat and mixe them all well together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above-said They may also bee enclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or Cypresse and so
that it may not be distended and broken by the abundant flowing of vaporous spirits as it doth oft times happen another thing is that you set it in a vessell filled with cold water least it should be broken by being over hot you may easily perceive all this by the ensuing figure A Fornace or Reverberation furnished with his Retort and Receiver A. Shewes the Fornace B. The Retort C. The Receiver D. The vessell filled with cold water CHAP. XVII A table or Catalogue of medicines and instruments serving for the cure of Diseases MEdicines and medicinallmeates fit for the cure of diseases are taken from living Creatures plants and mineralls From living creatures are taken Hornes Hooves Haires Feathers Shells Sculles Scailes Sweates Skinnes Fatts Flesh Blood Entrailes Vrine Smells whether they be stincking or sweete as also poysons whole creatures themselves as Foxes Whelpes Hedgehogs Frogs Wormes Crabs Cray-fishes Scorpions Horseleaches Swallowes Dungs Bones Extreame parts Hearts Liver Lungs Braine Wombe Secundine Testicles Pizle Bladder Sperme Taile Coats of the Ventricle Expirations Bristles Silke Webbes Teares Spittle Honey Waxe Egges Milke Butter Cheese Marrow Rennet From Plants that is Trees shrubs and hearbes are taken Roots Mosse Pith. Siâ—ns Buds Stalkes Leaves Floures Cups Fibers or hairy threds Eares Seeds Barke Wood. Meale Iuices Teares Oyles Gums Rosins Rottennesses Masse or spissament Manna which falling downe like dew upon plants presently concreates Whole plants as Mallowes Onions c. Mettalls or mineralls are taken either from the water or earth and are either kinds of earth stones or mettalls c. The kinds of earth are Bole Armenicke Terra sigillata Fullers earth Chaulke Okar Plaister Lime Now the kinds of stone are Flints Lapis judaicus Lapis Lyncis The Pumice Lap. Haematites Amiantus Galactites Spunge stones Diamonds Saphire Chrysolite Topace Loadstone The Pyrites or fire-stone Alablaster Marble Cristall and many other precious stones The kinds of Salts as well naturall as artficiare Common salt Sal nitrum Sal Alkali Sal Ammoniacum Salt of Vrine Salt of tartar and generally all salts that may be made of any kind of plants Those that are commonly called mineralls are Marchasite Antimony Muscovy Glasse Tutty Arsnicke Orpiment Lazure or blew Rose agar Brimstone Quicke silver White Coprose Chalcitis Psory Roman Vitrioll Colcothar vitrioll or greene Coprose Alumen scissile Common Alome Alumen rotundum Round Alome Alumen liquidum Alumen plumosum Boraxe or Burrace Bitumen Naphtha Cinnabaris or Vermillion Litharge of Gold Litharge of Silver Chrysocolla Scandaracha Red Lead White Lead and divers other Now the Mettals themselves are Gold Silver Iron Lead Tinne Brasse Copper Steele Lattin and such as arise from these as the scailes verdegreace rust c. Now from the waters as the Sea Rivers Lakes and Fountaines and the mud of these waters are taken divers medicines as white and red Corrall Pearles and infinite other things which nature the handmayd of the great Architect of this world hath produced for the cure of diseases so that into what part soever you turne your eyes whether to the surface of the earth or the bowels thereof a great multitude of remedies present themselves to your view The choyse of all which is taken from their substance or quantity quality action place season smell taste site figure and weight other circumstances as Sylvius hath aboundantly shewed in his booke written upon this subject Of these simples are made diverse compositions as Collyria Caputpurgia Eclegmata Dentifrices Dentiscalpia Apophlegmatismi Gargarismes Pills Boles Potions Emplaisters Vnguents Cerates Liniments Embrocations Fomentations Epithemes Attractives Resolvers Suppuratives Emollients Mundificatives Incarnatives Cicatrisers Putrifiers Corrosives Agglutinatives Anodynes Apozemes Iuleps Syrupes Powders Tablets Opiates Conserves Preserves Confections Rowles Vomits Sternutatoryes Sudorifickes Glysters Pessaries Suppositoryes Fumigations Trochisces Frontalls Cappes Stomichers Bagges Bathes Halfe-bathes Virgins-milke Fuci Pications Depilatoryes Vesicatoryes Potentiall canteriâ—s Nose-gayes Fannes Cannopyes or extended cloathes to make winde Artificiall fountaines to distill or droppe downe liquors Now these that are thought to be nourishing medicines are Restauratiues Cullisses Expressions Gellyes Ptisans Barly-creames Ponadoes Almond-milkes Marchpaines Wafers Hydro sacchar Hydromel and such other drinkes Mucilages Oxymel Oxycrate Rose Vinegar Hydraelium Metheglin Cider Drinke of Servisses Ale Beere Vinegar Verjuice Oyle Steeled water Water brewed with bread crummes Hippocras Perry and such like Waters and distilled oyles and divers other Chymicall extractions As the waters and oyles of hot dry and aromaticke things drawne in a copper Alembecke with a cooler with ten times as much water in weight as of hearbes now the hearbes must be dry that the distillation may the better succeede Waters are extracted cut of flowers put in a Retort by the heate of the Sunne or of dung or of an heape of pressed out Grapes or by Balneo if there bee a receiver put and closely lured thereto All kindes of salt of things calcined dissolved in water and twise or thrise filtred that so they may become more pure and fit to yeeld oyle Other distillations are made either in Cellars by the coldnesse or moysture of the place the things being layd either upon a marble or else hangd up in a bagge and thus is made oyle of Tartar and of salts and other things of An aluminous nature Bones must bee distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels All woods rootes barkes shells of fishes and seedes or graines as of corne broome beanes and other things whose juice cannot be got out by expression must bee distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels in a Reverberatory fornace Mettalls calcined and having acquired the nature of salt ought to bee dissolved and filtted and then evaporated till they bee dry then let them bee dissolved in distilled vinegar and then evaporated and dryed againe for so they will easily distill in a Cellar upon a Marble or in a bagge Or else by putting them into a glassie retort and setting it in sand and so giving fire thereto by degrees untill all the watery humidity be distilled then change the receiver and lute another close to the Retort then encrease the fire above and below and thus there will flow forth an oyle very red coloured Thus are all metalline things distilled as Alomes salts c. Gummes axungiae and generally all rosins are distilled by retort set in an earthen vessell filled with Ashes upon a fornace now the fire must be encreased by little and little according to the different condition of the distilled matters The vessels and Instruments serving for distillations are commonly these Bottomes of Alembeckes The heads of them from whence the liquors droppe Refrigeratories Vessels for sublimation For Reverberation For distilling by descent Crucibiles and other such Vessells for Calcination Haire strainers Bagges Earthen platters Vessells for circulation as Pellicanes Earthen Basons for filtring Fornaces The secret fornaces of Philosophers The Philosophers egge Cucurbites Retorts Bolt heads Vrinalls Receivers Vessells so fitted together
naturall we must note that some of these are concerning the strength of the Patient by care to preserve which we are often compelled for a time to forsake the cure of the proper disease for so a great shaking happening at the beginning of an ague or feaver we are often forced to give sustenance to the Patient to strengthen the powers shaken by the vehemency of the shaking which thing notwithstanding lengthens both the generall and particular fitts of the ague Other pertaine to the temper other respect the habite if the Patient be slender if fat if well flesht if of a rare or dense constitution of body Other respect the condition of the part affected in substance consistence softnesse hardnesse quicke or dull sense forme figure magnitude site connexion principallity service function and use From all these as from notes the skilfull Chirurgion will draw Indications according to the time and part affected for the same things are not fit for sore eyes which were convenient for the eares neither doth a Phlegmon in the jawes and throat admit the same forme of cure as it doth in other parts of the body For none can there outwardly apply repercussives without present danger of suffocation So there is no use of reprecussives in defluxions of those parts which in site are neere the principall Neither must thou cure a wounded Nerve and Muscle after one manner The temperature of a part as Moisture alwayes indicates its preservation although the disease be moist and give Indication of drying as an ulcer The principallity of a part alwayes insinuates an Indication of astringent things although the disease require dissolving as an Obstruction of the Liver for otherwise unlesse you mixe astringent things with dissolving you will so dissolve the strength of the part that hereafter it cannot suffice for sanguification If the texture of a part be rare it shewes it is lesse apt or prone to obstruction if dense it is more abnoxious to that disease hence it is that the Liver is oftener obstructed than the Spleene If the part be scituate more deepe or remote it indicates the medicines must be more vigorous and liquid that they may send their force so farre The sensiblenesse or quicke-sense of the part gives Iudication of milder medicines than paradventur the signes or notes of a great disease require For the Phisition which applies things equally sharpe to the Horny tunicle of the eye being ulcerated and to the Legge must needs be accounted either cruell or ignorant Each sexe and Age hath its Indications for some diseases are curable in youth which we must not hope to cure in old age for hoarsenesse and great distillations in very old men admit no digestion as Hippocrates saith Nunquam decrepitus Branchum coquit atque Coryzam The feeble Sire for age that hardly goes Ne're well digests the hurtfull Rheume or pose Moreover according to his decree the diseases of the Reines and whatsoever paines molest the bladder are difficultly healed in old men and also reason perswades that a Quartaine admits no cure in Winter and scarse a Quotidian and ulcers in like manner are more hard to heale in Winter that hence we may understand certaine Indications to be drawne from time and to increase the credit of the variety and certainty of Indications some certaine time and seasons in those times command us to make choise of Medicines for as Hipocrates testifies Ad Canis ardorem facilis purgatio non est In Dogdayes heat it is not good By purging for to clense the blood Neither shalt thou so well prescribe a slender diet in Winter as in the Spring for the aire hath its Indications For experience teaches us that wounds of the head are farre more difficultly and hardly cured at Rome Naples and Rochell in Xantoigne But the times of diseases yeeld the principall Indications for some Medicines are onely to be used at the beginning and end of diseases others at the encrease and vigour of the disease We must not contemne those Indications which are drawn from the vocation of life and manner of Diet for you must otherwise deale with the painfull Husbandman when he is your Patient which leades his life sparingly and hardly than with the Citizen who lives daintily and idlely To this manner of life and Diet may be referred a certaine secrt and occult property by which many are not onely ready to vomite at eating of some meats but tremble over all their bodyes when they heare them but spoken of I knew a prime Nobleman of the French Nobility who was so perplext at the serving in of an Eele to the Table at the middst of dinner amongst his friends that he fell into a swound all his powers failing him Galen in his booke de Consuetudine tells that Arius the Peripateticke died sodainly because compelled by the advise of those Physitions he used he dranke a great draught of cold water in the intollerable heat of a Feaver For no other reason saith Galen than that because he knowing he had naturally a cold stomacke from his childhood perpetually abstained from cold water For as much as belongs to Indications taken from things against nature the Length and depth of a wound or ulcer indicates one way the figure cornered round equall and smooth unequall and rough with a hollownesse straight or winding indicate otherwise the site right left upper lower in an other manner and otherwise the force and violence of antecedent and conjunct causes For oftentimes the condition of the cause indicates contrary to the disease as when abundance of cold and grosse humors cause and nourish a Feaver So also a Symptome often indicates contrary to the disease in which contradiction that Indication must be most esteemed which doth most urge as for example sake if swounding happen in a Feaver the feaverish burning shall not hinder us from giving wine to the Patient Wherefore these Indications are the Principallest and most noble which leade us as by the hand to doe these things which pertaine to the cure prevention and mitigating of diseases But if any object that so curious a search of so many Indications is to no purpose because there are many Chirurgions which setting onely one before their eyes which is drawne from the Essence of the disease have the report and famce of skillfull Chirurgions in the opinion of the vulgar but let him know that it doth not therefore follow that this indication is sufficient for the cure of all diseases for we doe not alwayes follow that which the Essence of the disease doth indicate to be done But chiefly then where none of the fore-recited Indications doth resist or gainesay you may understand this by the example of a Plethora which by the Indication drawne from the Essence of the thing requires Phlebotomy yet who is it that will draw blood from a child of three monethes old Besides such an Indication is not artificiall
evacuation of the conjunct matter by the artery of the anckle of the same side being opened yet because it was not cut for this purpose but happened onely by chance I judged it was not much dissenting from this argument Pliny writes that there was one named Phalereus which casting up blood at his mouth and at the length medicines nothing availing being weary of his life went unarmed in the front of the battell against the enemy and there receiving a wound in his breast shed a great quantity of blood which gave an end to his spitting of blood the wound being healed and the veine which could not containe the blood being condensate At Paris Anno 1572. in Iuly a certaine Gentleman being of a modest and courteous cariage fell into a continuall Feaver and by that meanes became Franticke moved with the violence of which hee cast himselfe headlong out of a window two storyes high and fell first upon the shoulder of Vaterra the Duke of Alenzons Physition and then upon the pavement with which fall hee cruelly bruized his ribbs and hippe but was restored to his former judgment and reason There were present with the Patient besides Valterra witnesses of this accident these Physitions Alexis Magnus Duretus and Martinus The same hapened in the like disease and by the like chance to a certaine Gascoyne lying at the house of Agrippa in the Pavedostreete 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Doctor of Physicke of Mompelier and the Kings professor told me that a certaine Carpenter at Broquer a village in Switzerland being franticke cast himselfe headlong out of an high window into a river and being taken out of the water was presently restored to his understanding But if we may convert casualties into counsell and Arte I would not cast the Patient headlong out of a window But would rather cast them sodainely and thinking of no such thing into a great cesterne filled with cold water with their heads foremost neither would I take them out untill they had drunke a good quantitie of water that by that sodaine fall and strong feare the matter causing the Frenzy might be carryed from above downewards from the noble parts to the ignonoble the possibility of which is manifest by the forerecited examples as also by the example of such as bit by a mad Dogge fearing the water are often ducked into it to cure them CHAP. XXIIII Of Certaine jugling and deceiptfull wayes of Curing HEre I determine to treat of those Impostors who taking upon them the person of a Chirurgion doe by any meanes either right or wrong put themselves upon the workes of the Arte but they principally boast themselves amongst the jgnorant common sort of setting bones which are out of joynt and broken affirming as falsly as impudently that they have the knowledge of those things from their Ancestors as by a certaine hereditary right which is a most ridiculous fiction for our mindes when we are borne is as a smoth table upon which nothing is painted Otherwise what need wee take such labour and paines to acquire and exercise sciences God hath endued all brute beasts with an inbred knowledge of certaine things necessary for to preserve their life more than man But on the contrary hee hath enriched him with a wit furnished with incredible celerity and judgment by whose diligent and laborious agitation he subjects all things to his knowledge For it is no more likely that any man should have skill in Chirurgery because his father was a Chirurgeon than that one who never endured sweat dust nor Sunne in the field should know how to ride and governe a great horse and know how to carry away the credite in tilting onely because hee was begot by a Gentleman and one famous in the Arte of Warre There is another sort of Impostors farre more pernitious and lesse sufferable boldly and insolently promising to restore to their proper unity and seate bones which are broken and out of joynt by the onely murmuring of some conceited charmes so that they may but have the Patients name and his girdle In which thing I cannot sufficiently admire the idlenesse of our Country-men so easily crediting so great and pernitious an error not observing the inviolable law of the ancient Physitions and principally of Divine Hippocrates by which it is determined that three things are necessary to the setting of bones dislocated and out of joynt to draw the bones asunder to hold the bone receiving firmely immoveable with a strong and steddy hand to put the bone to be received into the cavity of the receiving For which purpose the diligence of the Ancients hath invented so many engines Glossocomies and bands lest that the hand should not be sufficient for that laborious worke What therefore is the madnesse of such Impostures to undertake to doe that by words which can scarse be done by the strong hands of so many Servants and by many artificiall engines Of late yeares another kind of Imposture hath sprung up in Germany they beare into fine powder a stone within there mother tongue they call Bembruch and give it in drinke to any who have a bone broken or dislocated and affirme that it is sufficient to cure them Through the same Germanie there wander other Impostors who bid to bring to them the Weapons with which any is hurt they lay it up in a secret place and free from noise and put and apply medicines to it as if they had the patient to dresse and in the meane time they suffer him to go about his busines impudently affirme that the wound heales by litle and litle by reason of the medicine applyed to the weapon But it is not likely that a thing inanimate which is destitute of all manner of sence should feele the effect of any medicine and lesse probable by much that the wounded party should receive any benefit from thence Neither if any should let mee see the truth of such jugdling by the events themselves and my owne eyes would I therefore beleeve that it were done naturally and by reason but rather by charmes and Magicke In the last assault of the Castle of Hisdin the Lord of Martigues the elder was shot through the breast with a Musket bullet I had him in cure together with the Physitions and Chirurgions of the Emperoure Charles the fist and Emanuel Philibert the Duke of Savoy who because hee entirely loved the wounded prisoner caused an assembly of Physitions and Chirurgions to consult of the best meanes for his cure They all were of one opinion that the wound was deadly and incureable because it passed through the midst of his lungs and besides had cast forth a great quantity of knotted blood into the hollownesse of his brest There was found at that time a certaine Spaniard a notable Knave and one of those Impostors who would pawne his life that hee would make him sound wherefore this Honorable Personage being in this desperate case was committed to his
circumference of the Chorion or womb then presently with spunges we drew out by little and little all the humiditie contained in it the infant yet contained in it which was fit to come forth that so the coate Amnios being freed of this moisture we might see whether there were any other humor contained in any other coate besides But having done this with singular diligence and fidelity we could see no other humor nor no other separation of the membranes besides So that from that time I have confidently held this opinion that the infant in the wombe is onely wrapped in two coates the Chorion and Amnios But yet not satisfied by this experience that I might yet be more certaine concerning this Allantoides having passed through the two former coates I came to the infant and I put a quill into its bladder and blew it up as forceably as I could so to trie if by that blowing I might force the aire into that coate which we questioned as some have written But neither thus could I drive any aire from hence through the navell into the controvetted coate but rather I found it to flie out of the bladder by the privities Wherefore I am certainely perswaded that there is no Allantoides Moreover I could never finde nor see in the navell that passage called the urachus which they affirme to be the beginning and originall of the coate Allantoides But if it be granted that there is no such coate as the Allantoides what discommoditie will arise hereof specially seeing the sweate and urine of the infant may easily and without any discommoditie be received collected and contained in the same coate by reason of the small difference which is betweene them But if any object that the urine by its sharpenesse and touching will hurt the infant I will answer there can be no so great sharpenesse in the urine of so small an infant and that if that there be any it is tempered by the admixture of the gentle vapour of sweat Besides if you consider or have regard to the use of such an humor which is to hold up the child lest by its weight it breakes the ties by which it is bound to the wombe wee shall finde no humour more fit for this purpose than this serous as which by its thicknesse is much more fit to beare up a weight than the thinne and to liquide sweate For so we see the sea or salt water carries greater weights without danger of drowning than fresh rivers doe Wherefore I conclude that there is no neede that the urine should be kept and contained in one coate and the sweate in another The Ancients who have writ otherwise have written from observations made in beasts Wherefore we make but onely two coats the Chorion and Amnios the one of vhich seeing it containes the other they both so encompasse the child that they vest â—on every side Fallopius in some sort seemes to be of this opinion for he onely makes two coates the Chorion and Amnios but hee thinkes the infant makes the water into a certaine pat of the Chorion as you may perceive by reading of his Observations Both these cotes are tied betweene themselves by the intercourse of most slender nervous fibes and small vessels penetrating from the outer Chorion to the inner Amnios Wherefore unlesse you warily handle these coates you may easily teare the Amnios in seprating it They are of the same temper with other membranes Their use is different for the Chorion is made both for the preservation of the vessels which it receives from the wombe for the generating of the umbilicall veines and arteries as also to keep whole and safe the parts which it invests Bt the Amnios is to receive and containe the excrementitious and ferous humors which the child shut up in the wombe is accustomed to evacuate But this coate very thinne and soft but strong and smooth lest by its touch it might hurt the infant whereupon it is called the Lamb-kinne coate CHAP. XXXVI Of the Navell THe Navell followes these coates It is a white body somewhat resembling the wreathen cord or girdle of the Franciscan Friers but that it hath not the knots standing so farre out but onely swelling in certaine places resembling a knot onely lifted up on one side it arises and takes its originall from a fleshie masse which we expressed by the name of swelling Câ—…dones and goes into the midst of the lower belly of the infant yea verily into thâ—…idst of the whole body whose roote it is therefore said to be For even as a tâ—… by the roote sucks nourishment from the earth so the infant in the wombe draw its nourishment by the navell The greatnesse of it in breadth and thicknesse eqâ—…ll the bignesse of the little finger But it is a foote and a halfe long so that children 〈◊〉 brought forth with it encompassing their middle necke armes or legges The figâ—…e of it is round It is composed of two arteries one veine and two coates It hath â—…se vessels from that great multitude of capillary veines and arteries which are seen â—…ispersed over the Chorion Wherefore the veine entring in at the navell penetraâ—… from thence into the hollow part of the liver where divided into two according â—alens opinion it makes the gate and hollow veines But the arteries caried by thâ—…selves the length of the navell cast themselves into the Iliacae which they make as also all other that from thence the vitall spirit may be carried by them over all the infant It hath its two coates from the Chorion But seeing they are mutually woven and conjoyned without any medium and are of a sufficient strength and thicknesse over all the navell they may seeme to make the infants externall skinne and fleshie pannicle I know very many reckon two umbilicall veines as also arteries and the urachus by or through which the urine flowes into the coate Allantoides But because this is not to be found in women but onely in beasts I willingly omit it because I doe not intend to mention any parts but such as belong to humane bodies Yet if there be any which can teach me that these parts which I thinke proper to brute beasts are to be found in women I will willingly confesse and that to his credit from whom I have reaped such benefit The other things that may be required concerning the navell as of its number site connexion temper and use may easily appeare by that we have spoken before For we hove apparently set downe the use when we said the navell was made for that purpose that the infant may be nourished by it as the tree by the roote by reason of the continuation of the vessels thereof with the preparing spermaticke vessels made by God for that purpose to whom be honour and glory for ever and ever Amen The End of the third Booke THE FOURTH BOOKE TREATING OF THE Vitall parts contained in
Sanguine as if they were of bloud alone Wherefore if any Tumors resemble the nature of one simple humor truely they are not of any naturall humor but from some humor which is corrupt vitiated and offending in quality for so bloud by adustion degenerates into choler and melancholy Therefore a true Phlegmon is defined by Galen A tumor against nature of laudable bloud flowing into any part in too great a quantity This tumor though most commonly it be in the flesh yet sometimes it happens in the bones as Hippocrates and Galen witnesse A Phlegmon is made and generated thus when bloud flowes into any part in too great a quantity first the greater veines and arteries of the affected part are filled then the middle lastly the smallest and capillary so from those thus distended the bloud sweats out of the pores and smal passages like dew and with this the void spaces which are between the simular parts are first filled then with the same bloud all the adjacent parts are filled but especially the flesh as that which is most fit to receive defluxions by reason of the spongious rarity of its substance but then the nerves tendons membranes and ligaments are likewise stuffed full whereupon a Tumor must necessarily follow by reason of the repletion which exceeds the bounds of nature and from hence also are tension and resistance and paine also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternaturall heate And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilest it suppurates because the veines arteries and nerves are much pained being they are not onely heated within by the influxe of the fervide humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the paine comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetuall motion of their Systole diastole whilest they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating paine Hereunto adde the Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater neede to seeke refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Aire wherefore they must as of necessitie have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen an agitation of the arteries painefull and sensible to the Patient himselfe for otherwise as long as we are in health we doe not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsiâ—icke paine in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heate and aboundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their Systole and Diastole and the compression and streightning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent parts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in paine Hence they commonly say that in the part aflected with a Phlegmon they feele as it were the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heate in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilest it flowes more plentifully into the part is as it were troden or thrust downe and causes obstruction from whence necessarily followes alprohibition of transpiration and a putrifaction of the bloud by reason of the preternaturall heate But the Phlegmon lookes red by reason of the bloud contained in it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skinne CHAP. VIII Of the causes and signes of a Phlegmon THe causes of a Plegmon are of three kindes for some are primitive some antecedent and some conjunct Primitive are falls conâ—usions straines immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veines The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signes of a Plegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heate paine pulsation especially while it suppurates rednesse and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scyrrhus or a Tumor like a Scyrrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangren that is when the facultie and native strength of the part affected is overwhelmed by the greatnesse of the deflxion as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgion ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon THe Chirurgion in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himselfe foure intentions The first of Diet This because the Plegmon is a hot affect and causes a feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the sixe thingsnot naturall that is aire meat and drinke motion and rest sleepe and waking repletion and inanition and lastly the passions of the minde Therefore let him make choise of that aire which is pure and cleere not too moist for feare of defluxion but somewhat coole let him command meates which are moderately coole and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be brothes not to fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrell and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all spices and also of Garlicke and Onions and all things which heate the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drinke small wine and much alaied with water or if the feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly and sweet almonds or water and sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custome of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies waxe hot by motion but let him chiefely have a care that hee doe not exercise the part possessed by the plegmon for feare of a new defluxion Let his sleepe be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleepe by day specially presently aâ—er meate Let him have his belly soluble if not by nature then by art as by the frequent use of glisters and suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstaine from
which followes a cooling of the habite of the whole body yea and many by meanes of Phlebotomy have their bellye 's loosed and sweate both which are much to be desired in this kinde of Feaver This moved the ancient Physitions to write that we must draw blood in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their blood it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much blood at severall times as the greatnesse of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may beare When you have drawne blood forthwith inject an emollient and refrigerative clyster lest that the veines emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these clysters which coole too much rather bindethe belly than loose it The following day the Morbiâ—icke matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrupes which have not onely a refrigerative quality but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrupe of Lemmons Berberries of the Iujce of Citrons of Pomgranats Sorrell and Vineger let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heate much debilitated by drawing of a great quantity of blood cannot equall a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with chicken and veale brothes made with cooling herbes as Sorrell Lettuce and Purslaine Let his drinke be Baâ—ly water Syrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boiled water Iulepum Alexandrinum especially if he be troubled with scouring oâ— laske But the Physition must cheifly have regard to the fourth day for if then there appeare any signes of concoction in the excrements the Crisis must be expected on the seventh day and that either by a loosenesse of the belly or an aboundance of urine by vomits sweats or bleeding Therefore we must then doe nothing but commit the whole businesse to nature But for drinking cold water which is so much commended by Galen in this kinde of Feaver it is not to be suffered beforethere appeare signes of concoction moreover in the declining of the disease the use of wine will not be unprofitable to helpe forwards sweats CHAP. XII Of an Erysipelas or Inflammation HAving declared the cure of a Phlegmon caused by laudable blood wee must now treate of these tumors which acknowledge Choler the materiall cause of their generation by reason of that affinity which interceeds betweene Choler and Blood Therefore the tumors caussed by naturall Choler are called Erysipelata or Inflammations these conteine a great heate in them which cheifly possesses the skin as also oftentimes some portion of the flesh lying under it For they are made by most thin and subtle blood which upon any occasion of inflammation easily becomes cholericke or by blood and choler hotter than is requisit and sometimes of choler mixed with an acride serous humor That which is made by sincere and pure choler is called by Galen a true and perfect Erysipelas But there arise three differences of Erysipelaes by the admixture of choler with the three other kinds of humors For if it being predominant be mixed with blood it shall be termed Erysipelas Phlegmonodes if with phlegme Erysipelas oedematodes if with Melancholy Erysipelas Sâ—irrhodes So that the former and substantive word shewes the humor bearing dominion but the latter or adjective that which is inferiour in mixture But if they concurre in equall quantity there will be thereupon made Erysipelas Phlegmone Erysipelas oedema Erysipelas scirrhus Galen acknowledges two kinds of Erysipelaes one simple and without an ulcer the other ulcerated For Choler drawne and severed from the warmnesse of the blood running by its subtlety and acrimony vnto the skin ulcerates it but restrained by the gentle heat of the blood as a bridle it is hindred from peircing to the top of the skin and makes a tumor without an ulcer But of unnaturall choler are caused many other kinds of cholericke tumors as the Herpes exedens and Miliaris and lastly all sorts of tumors which come betweene the Herpes and Cancer You may know Erysipelaes cheifly by three signes as by their colour which is a yellowish red by their quicke sliding backe into the body at the least compression of the skin the cause of which is the subtlety of the humor and the outward site of it under the skin whereupon by some an Erysipelas is called a Disease of the skin Lastly by the number of the Symptoms as heat pulsation paine The heat of an Erysipelas is far greater than that of a Phlegmon but the pulsation is much lesse for as the heat of the blood is not so great as that of choler so it farre exceeds choler in quantity and thicknesse which may cause compression and obstruction of the adjacent muscle For Choler easily dissipable by reason of its subtlety quickly vanishes neither doth it suffer it selfe to be long conteined in the empty spaces betweene the muscles neither doth an Erysipelas agree with a Phlegmon in the propriety of the paine For that of an Erysipelas is pricking and biting without tension or heavinesse yet the primitive antecedent and conjunct causes are alike of both the tumors Although an Erysipelas may be incident to all parts yet principally it assailes the face by reason of the rarity of the skin of that place and the lightnesse of the cholericke humor flying upwards It is ill when an Erysipelas comes upon a wound or ulcer and although it may come to suppuration yet it is not good for it shewes that there is obstruction by the admixture of a grosse humor whence there is some danger of erosion in the parts next under the skin It is good when an Erysipelas comes from within outwards but ill when from without it retires inward But if an Erysipelas possesse the wombe it is deadly and in like manner if it spread too far over the face by reason of the sympathy of the membranes of the braine CHAP. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas FOr the cure of an Erysipelas we must procure two things to wit evacuation and Refrigeration But because there is more need of cooling than in a Phlegmon the cheefe scope must be for refrigeration Which being done the conteined matter must be taken away and evacuated with moderatly resolving medicines We must doe foure things to attaine unto these forementioned ends First of all we must appoint a convenient manner of Diet in the use of the sixe things not naturall that is we must incrassate refrigerate and moisten as much as the nature of the disease and patient will suffer much more than in a Phlegmon then we will evacuate the Antecedent matter by opening a veine and by medicines purging choler And that by cutting the Cephalicke veine if there be a portion of the blood
is no marvaile if great Inflammations bring with them Tertian Feavers or Agues which have their fit every third day for it is called anIntermitting Tertian which comes every other day The Primitive causes in generall are strong exercises especially in the hot Sunne the use of heating and drying either meats or medicines great abstinence joyned with great labour care sorrow the antecedent causes are the plenty of choler in the body an hot and dry distemperature either of the whole body or of the liver onely the conjunct cause is the putrefaction of the Cholericke humor lying in some plenty without the greater vessells in the habit of the body The signes a shaking or shivering like as when we have made water in a cold winter morning a great pricking stretching or stiffnesse as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reasoÌ„ of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly violently over all the body the sensible membranous Nervousparticles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heate becomes acride the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quicke and equall the tongue dry the urine yellowish red and thin The Symptomes are watchings thirst talking idlely anger disquietnesse tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholericke young men such as are leane in Summers after the fit oft times follow cholericke vomiting yellowish stooles After the fit there followes an absolute intermission reteining no reliques of the Feaver untill the approach of the following fit because all the cholericke matter by the force of that fit nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity facillity whereas in Quotidians there is no such thing as which after the fit alwaies leave in the body a sense seeling of a certaine inequality by reason of the stubbornesse of the Phlegmatick humor dulnesse to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 houres although at sometime it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unlesse there be some error committed by the Physition Patient or such as attend him Tertians in summer are shorter in winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanied with stiffenesse or stretching the state with sweate whereupon if the nose lips of mouth breake forth into pimples or scabbes it is a signe of the end of the Feaver and of the power of nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habite of the body yet these pimples appeare not in the declining of all Tertians but onely then when the Cholericke humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the stomacke or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion therof carryed by the continuation of the inner coate to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the sixe things not naturall that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrell Gourds Cowcumbers Mallowes Barly Creames Wine much a laid with water thinne small and that sparingly and not before signes of concoction shall appeare in the urine for at the beginning he may not use wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the patient on that day the fit is expected hee must eate nothing for three houres before the fit lest the aguish heate lighting on such meaâ—s as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heate to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbisicke humor yet wee may temper the severity of this law by having regard to the strength of the patient for it will be convenient to feed a weake patient not onely before the fit but also in the fit it selfe but that onely sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrine Myrobalanes Syrupes of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinâ—ger But if the powers of the Patient languish hee must not onely not be purged but also must not draw blood too plenteously because Cholericke men soone faint by reason of the facile and casie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to tertian Feavers doe not commonly abound with blood unlesse it be with Choleticke blood which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as worke by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats vomite or urine by reason of the subtlety of the Cholericke humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient glysters made with a docoction of Prunes jujubes Violets branne and Barly will profit much If the patient fall into a Delirium or talke idlely by reason of the heate and drynes of the head with a particular excesse of the Cholericke humor the head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and forehead and putting into the nose oyle of Violets Roses or womans milke Let the feete and legs be bathed in faire and warme water and the soles of the feet be anoynted with oyle of Violes and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willowes Lettuce and other refrigerating things boyled in faire water may be profitablely used three houres after meat eaten sparingly But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in generall that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmnesse of the bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordaines a bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and grosse no evacuation going before Also it will be good after generall purgations to cause sweate by drinking White wine thinne and well tempered with water but urine by decoction of Smallage and Dill Certainely sweate is very laudable in every putride Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler
divers times done with good successe But if it cannot be so done it will be better to put to your hand than through idlenesse to suffer the patient to remaine in imminent and deadly danger of strangling yet in this there must very great caution be used for the Chirurgeon shall not judge the Vvula fit to be touched with an instrument or caustick which is swolne with much enflamed or blacke blood after the manner of a Cancer but hee shall boldly put to his hand if it be longish grow small by litle and litle into a sharpe loose soft point if it be neither exceeding red neither swolne with too much blood but whitish and without paine Therefore that you may more easily and safely cut away that which redounds and is superfluous desire the patient to sit in a light place and hold his mouth open then take hold of the top of the Vvula with your sizers and cut away as much thereof as shall be thought unprofitable Other-wise you shall binde it with the instrument here under described the invention of this instrument is to be ascribed to Honoratus Tastellanus that diligent and learned man the Kings Physition in ordinary and the chiefe Physition of the Queene mother Which also may be used in binding of Polypi and warts in the necke of the Wombe The Deliniation of constrictory rings fit to twitch or binde the Columella with a twisted thred A. Shewes the ring whose upper part is some-what hollow B. A double waxed thred which is couched in the hollownesse of the ring and hath a running or loose knot upon it C. An iron rod into the eye whereof the fore-mentioned double thred is put and it is to twitch the Columella when as much thereof is taken hold of as is unprofitable and so to take it away without any fluxe of blood When you would straiten the thred draw it againe through this iron rod and so straine it as much as you shall thinke good letting the end of the thred hang out of the mouth But every day it must be twitched harder than other untill it fall away by meanes thereof and so the part and patient be restored to health I have deliniated three of these instruments that you may use which you will as occasion shall be offered A Figure of the Speculum oris by which the mouth is held and kept open whilest the Chirurgion is busied in the cutting away or binding the Vvula But if an eating ulcer shall associate this relaxation of the Vvula together with a fluxe of blood then it must be burnt and seared with an hot iron so thrust into a Trunke or Pipe with an hole in it that no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunke with a hole in the side with the hot iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy THe Squinancy or Squinzy is a swelling of the jawes which hinders the entring of the ambient aire into the weazon and the vapours and spirit from passage forth and the meate also from being swallowed There are three differences thereof The first torments the patient with great paine no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the morbificke humor lyes hid behinde the almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the necke so that it cannot be perceived unlesse you hold downe the tongue with a spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the rednesse and tumor there lying hid The patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow downe meate nor drinke his tongue likes Gray-hounds after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so hee may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drownd in his jawes and nose he cannot lye upon his backe but lying is forced to fit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drinke flyes out at his nose the eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orbe Those which are thus affected are often suddainely suffocated a foame rising about their mouthes The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appeares inwardly but litle or scarse any thing at all outwardly the tongue Glandules and jawes appearing some what swollen The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but litle inwardly The Causes are either internall or externall The externall are a stroake splinter or the like things sticking in the Throat or the excesse of extreme cold or heat The internall causes are a more plentifull defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the braine which participate of the nature either of blood choler or flegme but seldome of Melancholy The signes by which the kinde and commixture may be knowne have beene declared in the generall treatise of tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is lesse apparent within and without That is lesse dangerous which shewes it selfe outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meate nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelue houres others in two foure or seven daies Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these dayes they are suppurated but also often times this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux of the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Empyema proceeds and into other principall parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of Resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physition shall draw blood by opening a veine and the patient use fitting Gargarismes A Criticall Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling downe of the humor upon the throtle by which the passage of the breath is sodainely shut up Brothes must be used made with Capons and Veale seasoned with Lettuce Purslaine Sorrell and the cold seeds If the Patient shall be some what weake let him have potched Egges and Barly Creames the Barly being first boiled with Raisons in water and Sugar and other meates of this kinde Let him be forbidden wine in stead where of he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinkes made of water and Hony or water and Sugar as also the Syrupes of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrell and Limons and others of this kinde Let him avoide too much sleepe But in the meane time the Physition must be carefull of all because this disease is of their kinde which brooke no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the veine under the tongue be opened let cupping-Glasses
the blisters are raised they must be annointed againe that so the water may by little and little flow so long untill all the humor be exhausted and the patient restored to health Galen writes the Husbandmen in Asia when they carried wheat out of the country into the city in Carrs when they will steale away and not be taken hidde some stone juggs fild with water in the middest of the wheat for that will draw the moisture through the juggs into it selfe and increase both the quantitie and weight When certaine pragmaticall Physitions had read this they thought that wheat had force to draw out the water so that if any sicke of the Dropsie should be buried in a heape of wheat it would draw out all the water But if the Physition shall profit nothing by these meanes he must come to the exquisitely chiefe remedy that is to Paracentesis Of which because the opinions of the ancient Physitions have beene divers we will produce and explaine them Those therefore which disallow Paracentesis conclude it dangerous for three reasons The first is because by powring out the contained water together with it you dissipate and resolve the spirits and consequently the naturall vitall and animall faculties another opinion is because the Liver wanting the water by which formerly it was borne up thence forward hanging downe by its weight depresseth and draweth downewards the Midriffe and the whole Chest whence a drie cough and a difficulty of breathing proceede The third is because the substance of the Peritonaeum as that which is nervous cannot be pricked or cut without danger neither can that which is pricked or cut be easily agglutinated and united by reason of the spermatique and bloudlesse nature thereof Erasistratus moved by these reasons condemned Paracentesis as deadly also he perswaded that it was unprofitable for these following reasons viz. because the water powred forth doth not take away with it the cause of the Dropsie and the distemper and hardnesse of the Liver and of the other bowels whereby it comes to passe that by breeding new waters they may easily againe fall into the Dropsie And then the feaver thirst the hot and drie distemper of the bowels all which were mitigated by the touch of the included water are aggravated by the absence thereof being powred forth which thing seemeth to have moved Avicen and Gordonius that he said none the other said very few lived after the Paracentesis but the refutation of all such reasons is very easie For for the first Galen inferres that harmefull dissipation of spirits and resolving the faculties happens when the Paracentesis is not diligently and artificially performed As in which the water is presently powred forth truly if that reason have any validity Phlebotomy must seeme to be removed farre from the number of wholesome remedies as whereby the bloud is powred forth which hath farre more pure and subtile spirits than those which are said to be diffused and mixed with the Dropsie-waters But that danger which the second reason threatens shall easily be avoided the patient being desired to lie upon his backe in his bed for so the Liver will not hang downe But for the third reason the feare of pricking the Peritonaeum is childish for those evils which follow upon wounds of the nervous parts happen by reason of the exquisite sence of the part which in the Peritonaeum ill affected and altered by the contained water is either none or very small But reason and experience teach many nervous parts also the very membranes themselves being farre removed from a fleshie substance being wounded admit cure certainely much more the Peritonaeum as that which adheres so straitly to the muscles of the Abdomen that the dissector cannot separate it from the flesh but with much labour But the reason which seemes to argue the unprofitablenesse of the Paracentesis is refelled by the authority of Celsus I saith he am nor ignorant that Erasistratus did not like Paracentesis for he throught the Dropsie to be a disease of the Liver and so that it must be cured and that the water was in vaine let forth which the Liver being vitiated might grow againe But first this is not the fault of this bowell alone and then although the water had his originall from the Liver yet unlesse the water which staieth there contrary to nature being evacuated it hurteth both the Liver and the rest of the inner parts whilest it either encreaseth their hardnesse or at the least keepeth it hard and yet notwithstanding it is fit the body be cured And although the once letting forth of the humor profit nothing yet it make way for medicines which while it was there contained it hindered But this serous salt and corrupt humor is so farre from being able to mitigate a Feaver and thirst that on the contrary it encreaseth them And also it augmenteth the cold distemper whilest by its abundance it overwhelmes and extinguisheth the native heate But the authority of Caelius Aurelianus that most noble Phisition though a Methodicke may satisfie Avicen and Gordonius They saith he which dare avouch that all such as have the water let out by opening their belly have died doe lie for we have seene many recover by this kind of remedy but if any died it happened either by the default of the slow or negligent administration of the Paracentesis I will adde this one thing which may take away all error of controversies we unwisely doubt of the remedy when the patient is brought to that necessity that we can onely helpe him by that meanes Now must we shew how the belly ought to be opened If the Dropsie happen by fault of the Liver the section must be made on the left side but if of the Splene in the right for if the patient should lie upon the side which is opened the paine of the wound would continually trouble him and the water running into that part where the section is would continually droppe whence would follow a dissolution of the faculties The Section must be made three fingers bredth below the Navell to wit at the side of the right muscle but not upon that which they call the Linea Alba neither upon the nervous parts of the rest of the muscles of the Epigastrium that so we may prevent paine and difficulty of healing Therefore wee must have a care that the patient lie upon his right side if the incision be made in the left or on the left if on the right Then the Chirurgion both with his owne hand as also with the hand of his servant assisting him must take up the skinne of the belly with the fleshie pannicle lying under it and separate them from the rest then let him divide them so separated with a Section even to the flesh lying under them which being done let him force as much as hee can the devided skinne upwards towards the stomacke that when the wound which
downe of the Fundament WHen the muscle called the Sphincter which ingirts the Fundament is relaxed then it comes to passe that it cannot sustaine the right gut This disease is very frequent to Children by reason of the too much humidity of the belly which falling downe upon that muscle mollifieth and relaxeth it or presseth it downe by an unaccustomed weight so that the muscles called Levatores Ani or the lifters up of the Fundament are not sufficient to beare up any longer A great bloudy flux gives occasion to this effect A strong endevour to expell hard excrements the Haemorrhoides which suppressed doe over-loade the right gut but flowing relaxe it Cold as in those which goe without breeches in winter or sit a long time upon a cold stone a stroake or fall upon the Holy-bone a palfie of nerves which goe from the Holy-bone to the Muscles the lifters up of the fundament the weight of the stone being in the bladder That this disease may be healed we must forbid the Patient too much drincking too often eating of broth and from feeding on cold fruits For locall medicines the part must be fomented with an astringent decoction made of the rinds of Pomegranetts galls myrtles knotgrasse sheapheards purse Cypresse nutts Alume and common salt boyled in smiths water or red wine After the fomentation the gut be annointed with oyle of Roses or myrtles and then let it bee gently put by little and little into its place charging the childe if he can understand your meaning to hold his breath When the gut shall be restored the part must bee diligently wiped least the gut fall downe againe by reason of the slipperinesse of the unction Then let the powder prescribed for the falling downe of the wombe be put into the fundament as farre as you can Then you must straitly binde the loynes with a swathe to the middest whereof behinde let another be fastned which may be tied at the Pubes comming along the Perinaeum so to hold up to the fundament the better to containe it in its place a spunge dipt in the astringent decoction The Patient if he be of sufficient age to have care of himselfe shall be wished when hee goes to stoole that he sit upon two peeces of wood being set some inch a sunder least by his strayning hee thrust forth the gut together with the excrement but if he can doe it standing he shall never by strayning thrust forth the gut But if the gut cannot by the prescribed meanes bee restored to its place Hippocrates bids that the Patient hanging by the heeles be shaken for so the gut by that shaking will returne to his place but the same Hippocrates wisheth to annoint the fundament because that remedie having a drying faculty hath also power to resolve the flatulent humors without any acrimony by reason of which the gut was the lesse able to be contained in his place CHAP. XIX Of the Paronychia THe Paronychia or Panaris is a tumor in the ends of the fingers with great inflammation comming of a maligne and venemous humor which from the bones by the Periostium is communicated to the tendons and nerves of that part which it affecteth whereof cruell symptomes doe follow as pulsifique paine a feaver restlessenesse so that the affected through impatiencie of the paine are variously agitated like those tormented with Carbuncles for which cause Guide and Iohannes de Vigo judge this disease to be mortall wherefore you must provide a skilfull Physitian for the cure of this disease which may appoint convenient diet purging and Blood letting In the meane time the Surgeon shall make way for the virulent and venenate matter by making incision in the inner part of the finger even to the bone alongst the first joynt thereof for Vigo saith there is not a presenter remedy if so be that it be quickly done and before the maturation of the matter for it vindicates the finger from the corruption of the bone and nerves and asswages paine which I have often and happily tried immediatly at the beginning before the perfect impression of the viruleacie But the wound being made you must suffer it to bleede well then presently let him dip his finger in strong and warme vinegar in which some treakle being dissolved may draw forth the virulencie But to appease the Paine the same remedies must be applyed to the affected part as are used in Carbuncles as the leaves of Sorrell Henbane Hemlocke Mandrake roasted under the Embers and beaten in a Morter with new Vnguentum Populeon or oyle of Roses or new butter without salt for such like medicines also helpe forward suppuration whilest by their coldnesse they represse the extraneous heat affecting the part and so strengthen the native heate being the author of suppuration which reason moved the ancient Physitians to use such medicines in a Carbuncle but if by reason of the fearefulnesse of the patient or unskilfulnesse of the Surgion no incision being made a Gangren and Sphacel shall possesse the part it remaines that you cut off with your cutting mulletts as much of the part as shall be corrupt and performe the rest of the cure according to Art Yet it doth not seldome happen that there may bee no neede to cut off such a finger because it being corrupted together with the bone doth by little and little dissolve into a purulent or rather sanious and much stincking filth But in this affect there is often caused an Eschar by the adustion of putredinous heat and superfluous flesh indued with most exquisit sence groweth underneath it which must in like manner be cut off with the Mulletts that the part may receive comfort the paine being aswaged by the copious effusion of blood CHAP. XX. Of the swelling of the knees AFter long and dangerous diseases there oftentimes arise Tumors in the knees and also in plethoricke bodies and such as have evill juyce after labours and exercise This kinde of disease is frequent because the humor easily falles into the part which hath beene heated by Labour But if such tumors follow long diseases they are dangerous and difficult to cure and therefore not to bee neglected for bitter paine accompanieth them because the humor falling thither distends the Membranes which being many involve the part besides that this humor participateth of a certaine virulent and maligne quality whether it be cold or hot when it hath setled into those parts being such as wee finde in the paines of the joynts and in the bitings of venemous creatures For the cure if the tumor bee caused by blood let a slender and refrigerating diet be appointed and phlebotomy for the revulsion of the antecedent cause diverse locall medicines shall be used according to the variety of the foure times But for to asswage the paine Anodyne or mitigating medicines shall be appointed of all which wee have sufficiently treated in the Chapter of the cure of a Phlegmon And because
take heed of the over light chiefely untill such time as the most feared and maligne symptomes are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits encreases paine strengthens the feaver and symptomes Hippocrates wholy forbids wine therefore the patient in steed thereof must drinke Barly water faire water boyled and tempered with Iulep of Roses syrupe of Violets vinegar and the like water wherein bread crummes have beene steeped water and sugar with a little juyce of Lemons or pomecitron added thereto and such like as the abilitye and taste of the patient shall require Let him continue such drinkes until he be free from maligne symptomes which usually happen within foureteene dayes His meat shall be pappe ptisan shunning Almond milkes for Almonds are sayd to fill the head with vapours and cause paine stued damaske Prunes Raisons and Currance seasoned with sugar and a little cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomack and revive and exhilarate the spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veale Kid Leverets birds of the fields Pheasons blacke-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larkes and such like meates of good digestion boiled with lettuce purslaine sorrell borage buglosse succory endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on these meates roasted he may only dipping them in verjuice in the acide juices of Oranges Citrons Lemons or Pomegranets sometimes in one and sometimes in another according to his taste and ability If any have a desire to eate fish he must make choyce of Troutes Gudgions Pikes and the like which live in running and cleare waters and not in muddy hee shall eschew all cold sallets and pulse because they flye up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meate to use common drige powder or Aniseed Fennell-seed or Coriander comfits also conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should bee offended with vapoures arising from thence Children must eate often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their naturall heate is more strong wherefore they stand in neede of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentifull nourishment for that then their stomackes are more hot than in Summer When the foureteenth day is past if neither a feaver nor any thing else forbid hee may drinke wine moderately and by little and little encrease his dyet but that respectively to each ones nature strength and custome He shall shunne as much as in him lyes sleepe on the day time unlesse it happen that a Phlegmon seaze upon the braine or Meninges For in this case it will bee expedient to sleepe on the day time especially from morning till noone for in this season of the day as also in the spring blood is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly knowne that it need not be spoken that the blood when wee are awake is carryed into the habite and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleepe it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the blood by the force of the Sunne casting his beames upon the earth at his rising is carryed into the habite of the body should againe bee more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the braine and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will bee better especially then to stay by sleepe the violence of the blood running into the habite of the body when it shall seeme to rage and more violently to affect that way Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the braine and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities paines and heavinesse of the head and makes the wounds dry and maligne But if the patient cannot sleepe by reason of the vehemencie of the inflammation of the braine and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmeare and annoint the head nose temples and eares with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupifie and make drowsie the Braine and membranes thereof being more hot than they ought to be Wherefore for this purpose let the temples bee anointed with Vnguentum populeon or Vnguentum Rosatum with a little rose vinegar or oxycrate Let a spunge moistened in the decoction of white or blacke poppie seed of the rinds of the rootes of Mandrages of the seedes of Henbane lettuce purslaine plantaine night-shade and the like He may also have a broath or barly creame into which you may put an emulsion made of the seedes of white poppye or let him have a potion made with â„¥ j. or â„¥ iss of the syrupe of poppie with â„¥ ij of lettuce water Let the patient use these things 4 houres after meate to procure sleepe For sleepe doth much helpe concoction it repaires the effluxe of the triple substance caused by watching aswageth paine refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the patient take his naturall rest If the patient shall bee plethoricke let the plenitude be lessened by blood-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Phisition who shall oversee the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kindes of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation paine and other such like symptomes be increased by stirring up the humors Phlebotomie according to Galens opinion must not onely be made respectively to the plenty of blood but also agreeable to the greatnesse of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw backe that humor which flowes downe by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawne to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalicke veine of the right arme shall be opened unlesse a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may bee opened although the body is not plethoricke The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is farre better by reason of the straightnesse of the fibers than to draw blood on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the patient still feeling his pulse unlesse a Physition be present to whose judgement you must then commit all that businesse For the pulse is in Galens opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soone as we finde it to become lesser and more slow when the fore-head beginnes to sweate a little when he feeles a paine at his heart when he is taken
afflicted whilest it is forced to sustaine a tedious and painefull compression which at length brings a hot distemper because the spirits cannot freely flow thereto which I finding by experience not knowing the cause wished them ever now and then to lift up my heele wherby it might enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the spirits have free entrance thereinto the contained vapours passing forth To conclude my hurt legge was layd upon a cushion after the manner you see here described The figure of a Legge fractured with a wound and bound up CHAP. XXIV Of some things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to bee kept firme and ratified That Ligation must bee made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it selfe up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the Ligation made on this and that side above and bolow whence ensue many maligne symptomes You may make triall hereof upon a sound fleshie part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livide or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on everie side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remaine unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch therof burnes and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft These will bee the signes of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantitie and that more filthie sanies flow from the ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lippes of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deepe paine torment the Patient by fitts if by searching with your Probe you perceive the bone to be spoyled of its periostium and lastly if you finde it scaily and rough or also if your Probe bee put downe some-what hard it runne into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottennesse of the bones But certainely such rottennesse will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amisse againe to admonish the Surgeon of this That as farre as the thing shall suffer hee make his rowlings upon the wound unlesse by chance there be such excessive paine and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptomes and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weake nor too much worne being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compasse the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stirre the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones doe not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers doe By this it appeares that as want of binding and too much loosenesse in absence of paine and a Phlegmon so also too strait ligation when paine is present brings a Phlegmon and Abscesse to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reâ—terate these things because you shall as yet finde many who follow the practice of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carrie crosse-wise But this crosse or lattice-like kinde of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that onely to be used which we have described according to the minde of Hippocrates Now it is time that I returne to the former historie of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Legge after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine owne house in Paris in the after-noone they tooke from me out of the Basilica of the left arme some sixe ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lippes or edges of the wound and places thereabout were annointed with unguentum rosatum which by a joynt consent of the Ancients is much commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage paine and hinder inflammation by repelling the humors farre from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shewes for it is made ex oleo omphacino aqua rosacea pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this oyntment for sixe dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthning of the part and repressing the humors which two things wee must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion in fractures especially with a wound Wherfore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moystened them with the oxycrate or rose vineger for by their too much drinesse paine and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardnesse You shall see many surgeons who in this kinde of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicines wholly contrary to the methode set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing places of the skinne are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acride and serous humor long supprest Whereby you may learne that astringent and emplastick medicines must not bee used above sixe daies In stead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine daies I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed prunes and sixe morsels of bread and dranke a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition â„ž sacc albis â„¥ xii aquae font lb xii cinam Ê’ iii. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maydens hair with boyled water Otherwhiles the divine drinke as
radicis ireos florentiae aloes mastiches farinae hordei an Ê’ss incorporentur omnia simul fiat mundificativum but I had a care that the place whereat I conjectured the quite severed scales of the bones must breake forth should be filled with tents made of sponge or flaxe that so by this meanes I might keep the ulcer open at my pleasure But I put into the bottome of the ulcer catagmatick and cephalicke powders with a little burnt Alum to procure the egresse of the formerly mentioned scales These at length cast forth I cicatrized the ulcer with burnt Alum For this having a drying and astringent facultie confirmes and hardens the flesh which is loose and spongie and flowing with liquid sanies and helps forwards natures endeavour in cicatrization For the fragments of the bones they by reason of their naturall drinesse and hardness cannot be joyned and knit together by themselves without a medium but they need a certaine substance which thickning and concreting at their ends doth at length glue them together and as it were fasten them with soder This substance hath its matter of the proper substance and marrow of the bones but the forme from the native heat and emplastick medicines which moderately heat For on the contrarie these medicines which by their too much heat doe discusse and attenuate doe as it were melt and dissolve the matter of the Callus and so hinder the knitting Wherefore for this purpose I would wish you to make use of the following emplasters of whose efficacie I have had experience for hence they are called knitting or consolidating plaisters â„ž olei myrtill rosarum omphac an lb. ss rad altheae lb. ii rad fraxini fol. cjusdem rad consolidae majoris fol. ejusdem fol. salicis an m. i. fiat decoctio in sufficienti quantitate vini nigri aquaefabrorum ad mediâ—tatis consumptionem adde in colatura pulveris myrrhae thuris an â„¥ ss adipis hirci lb. ss terebinth lotae â„¥ iiii mestichesÊ’iii lithargyri auri argenti an â„¥ ii boli armeniâ— terrae sigillata an â„¥ i. ss miniiÊ’vi cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum ut artis est In stead hereof you may use the blacke emplaister where of this is the description â„ž lithargyri auri lb. i. olei aceti lb. ii coquantur simul lento igne donec nigrum splendens reddatur emplastrum non adhaereat digitis Or else â„ž olei rosat myrtill an â„¥ ii nucum cupressi boli armen sanguinis drac pulverisatorum an â„¥ ss emplastri diachalciteos â„¥ iiii liquefaciant simul fiat emplastrum secundum artem In defect of these you may use a Cere-cloth or tela Gualteri whereof this is the description â„ž pulveris thuris farinae volatilis mastiches boli arm resinae pini nucum cupressi rubiae tinctorum an â„¥ ii sevi arietini cerae albae an lb. ss fiat emplastrum into which whilest it is hote dip a warme linnen cloth for the forementioned use Emplastrum Diacalcithios by the common consent of all the Ancients is much commended for fractures but it must undergoe different preparations according to the condition of the time for in summer it must be dissolved in the juice of plantaine and night-shade lest it should heat more than is fit It is convenient in the interim to have regard to the temper of the affected bodies for neyther are the bodies of children to be so much dried as these of old men otherwise if such drying medicines should be applyed to yong bodies as to old the matter of the Callus would be dissolved it would be so farre from concreting wherefore the Surgeon must take great heede in the choyce of his medicines For often times remedies good of themselves are by use made not good because they are used and applyed without judgment which is the cause that oft times pernicious accidents happen or else the Callus becomes more soft hard slender crooked or lastly concretes more slowly by the great error and to the great shame of the Surgeon CHAP. XXVIII By what meanes we may know the Callus is a breeding THen I knew that my legge begunne to knit when as lesse matter than was usuall came from the ulcer when the paine slackened and lastly when as the convulsive twitchings ceased which caused me to judge it fit to dresse it seldomer than I was used to doe For by the frequent detersion in dressing an ulcer whilst a Callus is breeding the matters whereof it is to be made are drawne away and spent which are as they terme them Ros Cambium and Gluten which are the proper and genuine nourishments both of the bony as also of the fleshie substance I by other signes also conjectured the breeding of the Callus to wit by the sweating of a certaine dewie blood out of the edges and pores of the wound which gently dyed and bedewed the boulsters and ligatures proceeding from the effluxe of the subtler and gentler portion of that matter which plenteously flowed downe for the breeding of a Callus As also by a tickling and pleasing sense of a certaine vapour continually creeping with a moderate and gentle heate from the upper parts even to the place of the wound Wherfore thence forwards I somewhat loosened the ligation lest by keeping it too strait I should hinder from entring to the fragments of the bones the matter of the Callus which is a portion of the blood temperate in qualitie and moderate in quantie Then therefore I thought good to use nourishments fit to generate more grosse thicke and tenacious blood and sufficient for generating a Callus such as are the extremities tendinous and gristly parts of beasts as the heads feete legges and eares of Hoggs Oxen Sheepe Kids all which I boyled with Rice French Barley and the like using somewhiles one somwhiles another to please my stomack palate I also somtimes fed upon frumity or wheat sodden in Capon broth with the yoalks of egges I drank red thicke and astringent wine indifferently tempered with water For my second course I ate chesnuts and medlars neyther doe I without some reason thus particularize my diet for that grosse nourishments especially if they be friable and fragile as beefe is are alike hurtfull for as much as pertaines to the generating of a Callus as light meats are For that makes the Callus too dry these too tender Wherfore Galen pronounces these meats only fit for generating a Callus which are neyther fragile nor friable neither serous and thin nor too dry but indifferent grosse and also viscide fat and tough These meats digested by the stomacke into Chilus are sent into the guts and from hence by the mesaraick veines into the Gate-veine and the hollow part of the Liver thence into the Hollow-veine and so into the Veines dispersed over all the bodie and the parts
occasioned by the Lues Venerea and divers other to pick medicines neither yet did they any thing availe Now learning by him that hee was not apt to vomit but that it was difficult to him I wished him to feed more plentifully that of many sundry meats as fat meat onions leeks with sundry drinks as beare ptisan sweet and sharpe wine and that hee should as it were overcharge his stomack at this meal and presently after get him to his bed for so it would happen that nature not enduring so great confusion perturbation of meats drinks wherof some were corrupted already in the stomack othersome scarce altered at all nature not enduring this confusion and perturbation would easily and of its owne accord provoke the stomack to vomit which that it might the better succeed he should helpe forward natures endeavour by thrusting his finger or a feather into his throat that so the thick and tenacious phlegme might by the same meanes be evacuated and not content to doe thus once I wished him to doe the like the second third day following for so it verifieth that saying of Hippocrates The second and third day exclude the reliques of the first afterwards that hee should vomit twice a moneth chaw mastick fasting rub his necke and the pained part with aquâ— vitae stengthened by infusing therein lavender rosemary and cloves grosly beaten confirme his arme by indifferent exercise hee performed all this and so became free from his paine and recovered the use of his arme Those who do not like such plentifull feeding shall drink a great quantity of warm water wherein radish roots have been boiled and they shall have a care lest by using their stomacks to this excretion by vomit they weaken the digestive and retentive faculty thereof Wherefore such as can naturally shall thinke it sufficient to vomit twice a moneth CHAP. XI The other generall remedies for the Gout THe defluxion of serous humours is very â—itly diverted from the joints by the urine by the use of diureticke medicines Therefore the roots of Sorrell parsly ruscus asparagus and grasse and the like shall bee boyled in broth and given to such as have the gout for when the urine floweth much and thick the paine is lessened Many have found benefit by issues for the Arthritick malignity flowes forth of these as by rivelets experience shewes it in such as are troubled with the Lues Venereâ— for in those that you cannot overcome the malignity by the proper antidote that is Quicksilver they feele no greater ease of the pain than by application of Causticks and making of issues They shall bee made in sundry places according to the difference of the pained joints to wit in the beginning of the neck if the defluxion proceed from the braine and fall into the joints of the Collar-bones or shoulder if into the Elbow or hand under the muscle Epomis if into the hip knees and feete some three fingers breadth under the knee on the inside for thus there will follow more plentifull evacuation by reason that the Sapheiâ— runneth downe that way Yet if the patient bee troubled with much businesse and must travell much on horse-back then shall they be made on the outside of the legge betweene the two bones thereof that so they may trouble him the lesse in riding If any had rather use an actuall cautery let him take such an one as is triangular and sharpe that so hee may with more speed and lesse paine performe that which hee intends and let him thrust it through a plate of iron which hath a hole therein and let the place bee marked lest hee should â—rre the ulcer shall be kept open by putting in a pill of gold silver lint of the root of orris hermodactiles gentian waxe wherewith some pouder of vitrioll mercurie or allum shall be incorporated lest it should fill up with flesh sooner than the Physician shall thinke fit In the meane space the head oft-times the originall of the evill shall be evacuated by taking in the winter the pills cochiae and de Assaâ—ereth but in summer sine quibus or Imperiales before the Full of the Moone â„ž pul hyerâ— simp Ê’i agar recent troch rhei an Ê’ii myroball chebul Ê’ss tamarind ℈ ii cum infusione senae fiat massa de quâ— formentur pill vi pro drachma let the patient take two before supper every eighth day the day after he shall drinke some broth of the decoction of Cicers and the Diureticke roots Also these following pills will bee good to purge the phlegmaticke and serous humour â„ž pillular foetid de hermodactil an Ê’ss formentur cum succo vel syrup rosar solut Or else â„ž alâ—ës Ê’iii agarici trochis rhei an Ê’i massae pilul arthrit de hermodact an ℈ ii diacrid ℈ i. cum meâ—â—e rosatâ— fiat massa capiat pondus Ê’i as the Physician shall thinke fit by whose advice these shall be used and changed as occasion shall offer it self and the nature of the humour causing the disease The day after the purging the patient shall take three houres before meat half a dram of Treacle to strengthen the entrailes pils are preferred before liquid medicines for that by their long stay in the stomack they easily attract the noxious humor from the brain the other more distant parts I have known some Physicians who mixing with ordinary pils a good quantity of scamony as 7. or 8. grains with a little ginger lest it should hurt the stomack have purged by stool a great quantity of serous humours the day following they gave barly creame to correct the harme which the scamonie may have done to the stomacke Others for the same purpose give treacle which doth not onely strengthen the entrailes but also weakens the virulencie of the gouty malignity the orifice of the ventricle must be shut after meate that so the vapours ascending to the braine may bee restrained for this purpose common Drige powder Marmelate or conserve of roses are good In a wet season use Cephalicke perfumes thus made â„ž thuâ—is vernicis mastich an Ê’i granorum juniperi baccarum lauri an â„¥ ss aloësÊ’ii odoraâ—â—Ê’i ss Let them bee grosly beaten let the fume be received in row or carded Cotton and so applyed to the head Also the excrementitious humours shall bee dried up by the following powder strowed on the patients head for fifteene dayes â„ž fol. ros rub senae staechad utriusque an m. ss milii â„¥ iiii furfuris loti in vino albo â„¥ iii. florum chamaem melil an p 1. sem anisi â„¥ i. salis com â„¥ ii fiat omnium pulvis Let it be put into linnen bagges with which being warmed at the fire in a frying-pan and kept with stirring the head shall bee rubbed Let the following medicine bee chawed and kept in the mouth in the forme of a masticatory in the time
Guts the wormes doe lurk you must note that when they are in the small guts the patients complain of a paine in their stomacke with a dogge-like appetite whereby they require many and severall things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the wormes lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomacke being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinkes by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomacke through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked therefrom by suddaine startings and feares they are held with a continued and slow feaver a dry cough a winking with their eielids and often changing of the colour of their faces But long and broad wormes being the innates of the greater guts shew themselves by stooles replenished with many sloughes here and there resembling the seedes of a Musk-melon or cucumber Ascarides are knowne by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and downe causing also a tenesmus and falling downe of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptomes their sleepe is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acride and subtle vapors raised by the wormes from the like humor and their foode are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapour is sent up from a grosse and cold matter They dream they eate in their sleepe for that while the wormes doe more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stirre up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certaine convulsisick repletion the muscles of the temples and jawes being distended by plenty of vapours A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the naturall to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acride vapoures and irritated as though there were some humour to bee expelled by coughing These same acride fumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either a hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence grosse or thin these carryed up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkenesse of the fight and a suddaine changing of the colour in the cheeks Great wormes are worse than little ones red than white living than dead many than few variegated than those of one collour as those which are signes of a greater corruption Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oft-times they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are conteined and thence penetrare into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the Navell having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the wormes draw their breath with difficulty and wake moist over all their bodies it is a signe that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharpe feavers round wormes come forth alive it is a signe of a pestilent feaver the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signes of greater corruption in the humours and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to bee used for the Wormes IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the wormes either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kinde are against nature all things must bee shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milke-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pappe is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certaine similitude to the consistence and thicknesse of milke that so they may the more easily be concocted assimulated such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pappe made therewith may not be too viscide nor thicke if it should onely bee boyled in a panne as much as the milke would require or else the milke would bee too terrestriall or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesy and whayish portion remaining if it should boile so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meate they which use meale otherwise in pappe yeild matter for the generating of grosse and viscide humours in the stomacke whence happens obstruction in the first veines and substance of the liver by obstruction wormes breede in the guts and the stone in the kidneyes and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meates of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putride matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our treatise of the plague For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrupe of Succory or of lemmons with rubarbe a little Treacle or Mithridate is a singular medicine if there be no feaver you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine ℞ cornu cervi pul rasur eboris an ʒ i ss sem tanacet contra verm an ʒ i. fiat decoctio pro parva dofi in colatur a infunde rhei optimi ʒ i. cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio ℥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three houres before any broath Oyle of Olives drunke kills wormes as also water of knot-grasse drunke with milke and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milke hony and sugar without oyles and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is naturall to wormes to shunne bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learne that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mixe sweet things that allured by the sweetnesse they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Therefore I would with milke and Sugar mixe the seeds of centaury rue wormewood aloes and the like harts-horne is very effectuall against wormes wherefore you may infuse the shavings thereof in the water or drinke that the patient drinkes as also to boile some thereof in his brothes So also treacle drunke or taken in broth killeth the wormes purslaine boiled in brothes and destilled and drunke is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a decoction of the lesser house-leek and sebestens given with
sugar before meate it is no lesse effectuall to put wormeseeds in their pap and in roasted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cerviusti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centiâ—odiae q. s adomnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds the floure of lupines worme-wood southerne wood tansie the leaves of Artichokes rue the pouder of coloquintida citron seeds aloes arsemart horse mint peach leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and oxegall Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oile of myrtles Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with Aloes and Treacle and so roasted in the embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an oxe gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which followes â„ž fellis bubuli sucei absinthii an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farina lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navell Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may bee chafed from above with bitter things and allured downewards with sweete things Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth dry them in an iron pan over the fire then pouder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunke with the oile of bitter almonds or sallade oile Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood galls peach leaves boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in curing the wormes you must observe that this disease is oft times entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning feaver a fluxe or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a feaver being present and conjoyned therewith if you shall give wormseeds old Treacle myrrhe aloes you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects But if on the contrary in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded you shall give corrall and the floure of Lentiles you shall augment the feaver making the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the wormes or on the contrary it bee essentiall and not symptomaticke that this being knowne hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinckled and unequall like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatnesse of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen addes corrupts the complexion forme and figure of the members Galen thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved and much changed from it selfe and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem hee defines this disease An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body Now it appeares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humours ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptome Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes that is the primitive antecedent conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be in him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved corrupt menstruous blood such as enclined to melancholly who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the grosse and misty aire in successe of time induceth the like fault into the humours of the body for that according to Hippocrates such as the aire is such is the spirit and such the humours Also long abiding in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heate but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits doe after a manner stupefie may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa then in all the world beside and in Languedoc Provence and Guyenne are more than in whole France besides Familiarity copulation and cohabitation with leprous persons may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath sweat and spittle left on the
many symptomes and overcome by the bitternesse of pain die frantick by reason that medicines have not been speedily and firly applyed For few of those who have used remedies in time have perished of this disease CHAP. XIII Prognosticks WE cannot so easily shun the danger we are incident to by mad dogs as that of other beasts by reason he is a domestick creature and housed under the same roofe with us The virulency that resides in his foame or slaver is hot and dry maligne venenate and contagious so that it causeth a distemper like it selfe in the body whereto it shall apply it selfe and spread it selfe over the whole body by the arteries for it doth not onely hurt when as it is taken in by a bite or puncture but even applyed to the skin unlesse it be forthwith washed away with salt water or urine Neither doth this venome hurt equally or at all times alike for it harms more or lesse according to the inclination of the aire to heat or cold the depth of the wound the strength of the patients body and the ill humours thereof and their disposition to putrefaction the freedome and largenesse of the passages Now maligne symptomes happen sonner â—…later as in some about the fourtieth day in others about sixe moneths and in others a yeare after There be some who thereupon are troubled with the falling sicknesse and at length grow mad such as fall into a feare of the water never recover Yet Avicen thinks their case is not desperate if as yet they can know their face in a glasse for hence you may gather that all the animall faculties are not yet overthrowne but that they stand in need of strong purgations as we shall shew hereafter Aëtius tels that there was a certaine Phylosopher who taken with this disease and a feare of water when as hee descended with a great courage unto the bath and in the water beholding the shape of the dog that bit him hee made a stand but ashamed thereof he forthwith cryed out Quid cani cum Balbeo i What hath a dog to doe with a Bath which words being uttered he threw himselfe forcibly into the Bath and fearelesly dranke of the water thereof and so was freed from his disease together with his erroneous opinion It is a deadly signe to tumble themselves on the ground to have a hoarse voice for that is an argument that the weazon is become rough by reason of too excessive drynesse Finally the principall parts being possessed there is no recovery or life to be hoped for Men may fall mad though they bee not bit by a mad dog For as the humours are often inflamed of themselves and cause a Cancer or Leprosie so do they also madnesse in melancholie persons The bites of vipers and other venemous creatures cause not like symptomes to these that come by the biting of a mad dog because they die before such can come forth or shew themselves Great wounds made by mad dogs are not equally so dangerous as little for from the former great plenty of venemous matter flowes out but in the latter it is almost all kept in CHAP. XIIII What cure must be used to such as are bitten by a mad dog THis case also requires speedy remedies for such things are in vaine which come long after the hurt The Lawyer Baldus experienced this to his great harme for being by chance lightly bit in the lip by a little dog wherwith he was delighted not knowing that he was mad neglecting the wound by reason of the smallnesse thereof after some foure moneths space he died mad having then in vaine assayed all maner of medicines Wherefore observing these things both for evacuation as also for alteration which we have formerly mentioned in the generall cure of wounds inflicted by the bite or sting of venemous creatures and by all the meanes there specified we must draw forth the venome and if the wound be large then suffer it to bleed long and much for so some part of the poyson will be exhausted if it be not great it shall be enlarged by scarification or an occult cauterie neither shall it be healed or closed up at the soonest till fourty daies be passed Sorrel beaten and applied to the wound and the decoction thereof taken inwardly is very effectuall in this case as Aëtius affirmes To the same purpose you may with good successe make a lotion and friction with mustard dissolved in urine or vinegar leaving upon the wound a double cloth moistned in the same decoction lastly all acride biting and very attractive medicines are convenient in this case Wherefore some apply Rocket boyled and beaten with butter and salt others take the flowre of Orobus and temper it with hony salt and vinegar and apply it hot Horse-dung boyled in sharpe vinegar or brimstone beaten to powder and tempered with ones spittle is good Also black pitch melted with some salt and a little Euphorbium mixed therewith and so applied is good Some write that the haires of the dogge whose bite caused the madnesse applyed by themselves by their sympathie or similitude of substance draw the venome from within outwards for so a Scorpion beaten and applied to the place whereas it stung by drawing out the poyson that it sent in restores the patient to health both these by often experience are affirmed to have certaine event Others chaw unground wheat and lay it upon the wound others roast beanes under hot embers then huske them and cleave them and so apply them Also the wound may be wholesomely washed and fomented with a decoction of Docks and then the herb beaten may be applyed thereto also the patient may drinke the decoction and by this one remedy Aëtius affirmes that he hath recovered divers for thus it moves urine plentifully which is thought much to conduce to the cure of this disease There be some who apply the leaves of betony and nettles beaten with common salt others make a medicine to the same purpose and after the same manner of an Onion the leaves of Rue and salt Yet the rest are exceeded by Treacle dissolved in aqua vitae or strong wine and rubbed hard upon the part so that the bloud may follow laying upon the wound when you have wiped it clothes dipped in the same medicine then presently apply garlike or onions beaten with common salt and turpentine by this onely remedy I freed one of the daughters of Madamoiselle de Gron from the symptomes of madnesse and healed the wound when as a mad dog had bit her grievously in the calfe of the right leg Also it is good presently to eate garlick with bread and then to drinke after it a draught of good wine for garlicke by its spirituous heate will defend the noble parts from poyson There bee some who wish to eate the rosted liver of the dog that hurt them or else the liver of a goat of which
the juice of poppie But Aëtius thinkes it superfluous to write remedies against the Basiliske when as the sight and hearing onely kills such as either see or heare her The figure of a Basiliske CHAP. XX. Of the Salamander THe Salamander kils not onely such as it bites by making a venemous impression but it also infects the fruits and herbs over which it creeps with a spittle or grosse moisture which sweats out of all the bodie to the great danger of the health and life of such as eat these things at unawares wherfore it need not seeme strange which is received by some late writers that some families have all died by drinking water out of pits whereinto a Salamander by accident was fallen For if it shall creepe upon a tree it infects all the fruit with the qualities of cold and moist poyson wherein it yeelds not to Aconite Aetius writes that such as are infected with the poyson of a Salamander certaine parts of their bodie grow livide so that they fall away often being putrefyed At the first there appeare white spots over the body then red afterwards blacke with putrefaction and the falling away of the haires The cure is to procure vomit to loose the belly with a glyster and to give them Treacle and Mithridate in potions Avicen prescribes the same things against this kinde of poyson as against opium by reason of the cold nature of them both the proper antidote is turpentine styrax nettle seeds and cypresse leaves Dioscorides writes that the Salamander is a kind of Lizard dull variegated and which is falsly reputed not to be burnt by fire But Pliny saith she is so cold that she extinguisheth the fire by her touch onely being laied upon hot coales On the contrary Mathiolus saith that cast into a great flame they are quickly consumed It is easie out of Aetius to reconcile these disagreeing opinions This creature saith hee passeth through a burning flame and is not hurt the flame dividing it selfe and giving her way but if shee continue any time in the fire the cold humour being consumed in her she is burnt Now the Salamander is black variegated with yellow spots starre-fashion The figure of a Salamander CHAP. XXI Of the Torpedo THe Torpedo hath his name from the effect by reason that by his touch and power the members become torpid numb in muddy shoars it lives upon fish which she catcheth by craft For lying in the mud she so stupefyes those that are nigh her that she easily preyes upon them she hath the same power over men for she sends a numnesse not onely into the arm of the fisherman but also over all his body although his fishers pole be betweene them The effigies of a Torpedo CHAP. XXII Of the Bitings of Aspes THE wound which is made by an Aspe is very small as if a needle were thrust into the part and without any swelling These symptomes follow upon her bite suddaine darknesse clouds their eyes much agitation in all their bodies but gentle notwithstanding a moderate paine of the stomacke troubles them their fore-heads are continually troubled with convulsive twitchings their cheeks tremble and their eye-lids fall gently to rest and sleep the blood which flowes from the wound is little but blacke death no longer deferred than the third part of a day will take them away by convulsions unlesse you make resistance with fitting remedies The male Asp makes two wounds the female four as it also happens in the bitings of vipers Now for that the poyson of Asps congeals the blood in the veines and arteries therefore you must use against it such things as are hot subtle of parts as mithridate or treacle dissolved in aqua vitae and the same powred into the wound the patient must be warmed by bathes frictions walking and the like When as the hurt part becommeth purple black or greene it is a signe that the native heat is extinct and suffocated by the malignity of the venome Therefore then it is best to amputate the member if the partie bee able to endure it and there be nothing which may hinder Vigo writes that he saw a Mountebank at Florence who that he might sell the more of his Antidotes and at the better rate let an Aspe to bite him by the finger but he died thereof some foure houres after To the same purpose you may reade Mathiolus whereas hee writes that those Impostors or Mountebanks to cozen the better and deceive the people use to hunt and take vipers and aspes long after the spring that is then whenas they have cast forth their most deadly poyson then they feed them with meats formerly unusuall to them so that by long keeping and care at the length they bring it to passe that they put off a great part of their venemous nature neither being thus satisfied they make them oftentimes to bite upon pieces of flesh that so they may cast forth into them the venome which is contained in the membraine betweene their teeth and gums Lastly they force them to bite licke and swallow downe an astringent medicine which they compose and carry about for the same purpose that so they may obstruct the passages by which the venome used to flow out for thus at length their bites will be harmelesse or without great danger This therefore is their art that so they may sell their counterfeit treacle to the people at a high rate as that which is a most safe remedy against all poisonous bites Christopher Andrew in his book called â—â—coiatria writes that the Ilands of Spaine are every-where full and stored with serpents aspes and all sorts of venemous beasts against whose bites they never observed or found any benefit in treacle But the efficacie of the following Antidote is so certaine and excellent and approved by so manifold experience that in the confidence thereof they will not bee affraid to let themselves bee bitten by an Aspe Now this medicine is composed of the leaves of Mullet Avenes red stock Gilly flowers in like quantity which they boile in sharpe vinegar and the urine of a sound man and there with foment the wounded part Yet if he have not taken nor used any thing of a good while after the wound it will be better and more certaine if the patient drinke three ounces of this decoction fasting two houres before meate CHAP. XXIII Of the biting of a Snake I Have thought good in a true history to deliver the virulent malignity of the bite of a snake and the remedies thereof When as King Charles the ninth was at Moulins Mousier Le Feure the Kings Physician and I were called to cure the Cooke of the Lady of Castelpers Who gathering hoppes in a hedge to make a salad was bit on the hand by a snake that there lay hid hee putting his had to his mouth sucked the wound to ease the
taken by the mouth into the body but even applyed outwardly to raise blisters Such as have taken them inwardly have the tast of pitch or some thing like cedria or the rosen of Cedars in their mouthes it is likely that this tast proceeds from the humours dissolved by the putredinous heat in the stomack guts liver and the vapours that therehence arise fortaken inwardly they gnaw exulcerate and burne all parts from the mouth even to the belly whence ensueth a bloudy fluxe excrements flowing out which resemble the washings of new killed flesh Then followes a burning feaver vertigo madnesse restlesnesse the braine being disturbed by the plenty of vapours lifted up from the corroded and burnt parts and humours which therefore when as they appeare you may know the affect is uncurable In the parts appointed for the receiving and conveyance of the urine they cause a burning inflammation excoriation strong and continuall erection of the yard whence ensues a bloudy and painefull strangury in stead of which there oft-times happens or succeeds an Ischary or stoppage of the water whence a gangrene and mortification of the part and so in conclusion of the whole bodie besides When as Cantharides are taken inwardly the remedie is vomiting drinking of Cowes mike to correct the heat and drynesse good also to mitigate the ulcers and stay the dysentery it is good also to inject it into the guts by glyster In stead thereof sallade oile or oile of sweet almonds is convenient to retunde the acrimonie of the poyson fastned to the sides of the stomack The rest and whole cure of this poyson you may learne by the following history A certain whore the better to enjoy the company of a young Abbot who loved her entertained him with a banquet and sprinkled divers of their cates with the powder of Cantharides to incite him the more to venery The next day when as the Abbot cast forth pure bloud at his fundament and yard which stood very stiffe hee called some Physicians who presently by the forementioned symptomes which were all very apparent in him understood that he had Cantharides given him wherefore they purged him upwards with vomits and downewards by glysters made with French barly Rice a decoction of mallowes seeds of line and foenugreek oyle of lillies goats suet then presently after they gave him a little treacle with a good quantity of conserve of violets which might draw the poyson outwards they gave him milke to drinke and caused him to use injections into the urenary passage and guts made of refrigerating things as the juice of lettuce purslaine cucumbers gourds melons of tough and viscide things that so they might sticke the more easily and long to the ulcerated parts as the mucilages of psilium mallowes quince-seeds syrupe of water-lillies popies and violets fresh butter and oile of sweet almonds and they made him drinke onely barly water or the common ptisan they let him feede on veale â—…id and porke boyled with lettuce purslaine barly and violet leaves the which by their humidity might relaxe the belly and by their toughnesse lenifie the roughnesse or asperitie they applyed also refrigerating things to the loines share and perinaeum to asswage the heate of the urine At length they put him into a warme bath and to conclude they left nothing unattempted to draw forth or weaken the poyson But all their endeavours were in vaine for the Abbot dyed not being destitute of remedies conveniently prescribed but overcome by the contumacious malignity of the poyson The Physicians pains had sar better successe in a certain Gentlewoman against this kinde of affect her whole face was deformed with red fierie and filthy pustles so that all shunned her company as if shee had beene troubled with a Leprosie and were ready to forbid her the society of men shee came to Paris and calling Hollerius and Grealmus Physicians mee and Caballus being Surgeons shee made agrievous complaint and besought us earnestly for some remedy against so great a deformity of her face having diligently considered her case we pronounced her free from a Leprosie but we judged it fit to apply to her whole face a vesicatorie of Cantharides three or foure houres after the application whereof the medicine being come to worke its effect her bladder began to burne exceedingly and the necke of her wombe to swell with gripings continuall vomiting making of water and scowring a trouble some agitation of the body and members a burning and absolutely fiery feaver I forthwith called the Physicians it was decreed that she should drink wine plentifully and that it should bee injected by the fundament into the guts and by the urenary passage into the bladder and the neck of the womb and that she should keep her selfe untill the paine were mitigated in a warme bath made of the decoction of Line-seeds the roots and leaves of mallowes marsh-mallowes violets henbane purslaine and lettuce and her loynes and genitals should be anointed with unguentum rosatum populeon stirred and incorporated with oxycrate By these meanes all the symptomes were mitigated Her face in the interim rose all in a blister and much purulent matter came out thereof and so the deformity wherewith shee was formerly troubled vanished away for ever so that within a while after shee was married and had many children and is yet living in perfect health Buprestes also are of the kinde of Cantharides being like unto them in shape and faculty If an Oxe or Sheepe or any other creature shall in feeding devoure one of them hee will presently swell up like a Tunne whence also they take their name if a man take them inwardly hee shall endure the like symptomes as in taking Cantharides and over and besides both his stomacke and his whole belly shall be wonderfully puffed up as if he had a Dropsie It is probable that this inflation like a tympany happenneth by humours diffused and resolved into vapours by the fiery acrimony of the venome They are to bee cured after the same manner as such as have drunke Cantharides Lastly as in all other poysons which are taken into the body so also here if the poyson taken by the mouth bee thought as yet to bee in the stomacke you must then procure vomit If it bee gotten into the guts then must it be drawn away by glysters if diffused over all the body then must you make use of such things as may drive the poyson forth from the center to the circumference such as are bathes and stoves CHAP. XXIX Of Horse-Leaches HOrse-Leaches are also venemous especially such as live in muddy stinking ditches for these are lesse hurtfull which reside in clear pure waters Wherefore before they are to bee used in casâ—s of Physick they must be kept for some dayes space in cleane water that so they may purge themselves otherwise they may chance to leave ulcers hard to cure in the places whereto they shall
be applyed and the rather if they bee violently plucked off because they by that meanes leave their teeth fastned in the part Now hee which by chance hath swallowed a Horse-leach must bee asked in what part bee feeleth her that is the sense of her sucking For if shee sticke in the top of the Throate or Gullet or in the middest thereof the part shall bee often washed with mustard dissolved in vinegar If shee bee neare the orifice of the ventricle it is fit that the patient by little and little swallow downe oyle with a little vinegar But if shee fasten to the stomacke or the bottome of the ventricle the patient by the plucking of the part shall perceive a certaine sense of sucking the patient will spit bloud and will for feare become melancholicke To force her thence hee shall drinke warme water with oyle but if shee cannot so bee loosed then shall you mixe Aloes therewith or some thing endued with the like bitternesse for shee will by that meanes leave her hold and so bee cast forth by vomit You may perceive this by such as are applyed to the skinne on the externall parts for by the aspersion of bitter things whether they bee full or empty they will forsake their hold Then shall the patient take astringent things which may stoppe the bloud flowing forth of the bitten part such is conserve of Roses with terra sigillata bole armenicke and other more astringent things if need so require For if they shall adhereto some greater branch of some veine or artery it will bee more difficult to stop the flowing bloud But for that not the earth onely but the sea also produceth venemous creatures wee will in like sort treat of them as wee have already done of the other beginning with the Lampron CHAP. XXX Of the Lampron THE Lampron called in Latine Muraena is a sea fish something in shape resembling a Lamprey but shee is bigger and thicker and hath a larger mouth with teeth long sharpe and bending inwards she is of a duskie colour distinguished with whitish spots and of some two cubits length the Ancients had them in great esteem because they yeeld good nourishment and may be kept long alive in pooles or ponds and so taken as the owners please to serve their table as it is sufficiently knowne by the historie of the Roman Crassus Shee by her biting induceth the same symptomes as the viper and it may bee helped by the same meanes Verily the Lampron hath such familiarity with the Viper that leaving her naturall element the sea she leapeth a shoare and seeketh out the Viper in her den to joyne with her in copulation as it is written by AElian and Nicander CHAP. XXXI Of the Draco-marinus or sea-Dragon THE sea-Dragon called by the French Viva for his vivacity and by the English a Viver or as some say a Qua-viver because being taken in fishing and drawne out of the sea shee is said long to survive Her pricks are poysonous but chiefly those that are at the edges of her gils Which is the reason that Cookes cut off their heads before they serve them up to the table and at Roven the fishermen lay them not upon their stalles to sell before they have cut off their heads The wounded part of such as are hurt paines them much with inflammation a feaver sowning gangrene and deadly mortification unlesse it be quickly withstood Not very long agoe the wife of Monsieur Fromaget Secretary of the requests was wounded with a prick of this fish in her middle finger there followed a swelling and rednesse of the part without much paine but perceiving the swelling to encrease being made more wary by the mischance of her neighbour the wife of Monsieur Bargelonne Lievtenant particulier in the Chastelet of Paris who died not long before by the like accident being neglected sent for mee I understanding the cause of her disease laid to her pained finger and her whole hand besides a pultis made of a great Onion roasted under the coales leaven and a little treacle The next day I wished her to dip her whole hand into warme water so to draw forth the poyson then I divided the skin about it with much scarification but onely superficiarily to the gashes I applyed Leaches which by sucking drawing a sufficient quantity of bloud I put thereto treacle dissolved in aqua vitae The next day the swelling was asswaged and the paine eased and within a few daies shee was perfectly well Dioscorides writes that this fish divided in the midst and applyed to the wound will cure it CHAP. XXXII Of the Pastinaca marina or Sting-Ray which some call the Fierce-claw SUch as are stung by a Sting-Ray as Aëtius hath written the place of the wound doth manifestly appeare there ensues thereon lasting paine and the numnesse of the whole body And seeing that it hath a sharpe and firme sting whereby the nerves by the deepnesse of the stroake may be wounded it so happens that some die forthwith their whole bodies suffering convulsions Moreover it wil kil even the very trees into whose roots it is fastned Yet Pliny affirmes that it is good against the paine of the teeth if the gums bee scarified therewith yea and it being made into powder with white hellebore or of it selfe will cause teeth to fall out without any pain or any violence offered to them This fish is good meat the head and taile excepted some of them have two stings othersome but one these stings are sharpe like a Saw with the teeth turned towards their heads Oppianus writes that their stings are more poysonous than the Persians arrowes for the force of the poyson remaineth the fish being dead which will kill not onely living creatures but plants also Fishermen when they catch this fish presently spoile him of his sting lest they should bee hurt therewith But if by chance they bee hurt therewith then take they forth his Liver and lay it to the wound furthermore the fish being burnt and made into powder is the true Antidote of his wound The Sting-Ray lives in muddy places neare the shoare upon the fishes that hee hunteth and catcheth with his sting having the teeth thereof turned towards his head for the same purpose Hee is not unlike a Ray and I have here given you his figure The figure of a Sting-Ray CHAP. XXXIII Of the Lepus marinus or Sea-hare PLINY cals the Sea-hare a masse or deformed peece of flesh Galen saith that it is like a Snaile taken forth of the shell It is exceeding poysonous in the judgement of the Antients wherefore it is not amisse to set downe the description of it left wee might eate it at unawares too earnestly view it or smell thereto as also that we may use it against the poyson thereof it is an inhabitant not only of the Sea but also of Lakes of Sea-water especially such as are muddy
it is of the same colour as the hair of the land-hare is it hath a hole in the head out of which hee putteth a certaine peece of flesh and pluckes it backe againe when as he is seene Paulus Aëtius Pliny Galen and Nicander are of one opinion and agree in this that if a woman big with child do too earnestly look upon one she will vomit presently after abort They which have drunk this poyson saith Dioscorides are troubled with paine in the belly and their urine is stopped If they doe make water then is it bloody they run downe with stinking sweat which smels of fish a cholericke vomiting sometimes mixed with blood ensues thereon Aëtius writes that all their bodies turne yellow their faces swell and their feete but chiefly their genitall member which is the cause they cannot make water freely Galen writes that it is the property of the Sea-hare to exulcerate the Lungs Their Antidote is Asses milke Muskedine or honyed Wine continually drunken or a decoction of the roots and leaves of Mallowes It is good for the falling away of the haire I have here given you the figure thereof out of Rondeletius his book of fishes The figure of a Sea-Hare CHAP. XXXIV Of the Poyson of Cats NOt onely the braine of a Cat being eaten is poysonous and deadly to man but also their haire their breath yea and their very presence to some prove deadly For although any hair devoured unawares may be enough to choake one by stopping the instruments of respiration yet the haires of cat by a certaine occult propertie are judged most dangerous in this case besides also their breath is infected with a certain hurtfull malignitie For Mathiolus saith that he knew some who being so delighted with Cats that they could never go to bed without them have by so often drawing in the aire with their breath fallen into a consumption of the Lungs which occasioned their death Moreover it is manifest that the very sight of their eies is hurtfull which appeares by this that some but seeing or hearing them presently fall downe in a sowne yet I would not judge that to happen by the malicious virulency of the Cat but also by the peculiar nature of the party and a quality generated with him and sent from heaven When as saith Mathiolus a certaine Germaine in winter time came with us into a stove to supper where as were divers of our acquaintance a certaine woman knowing this mans nature lest that hee should see her kitling which shee kept and so should goe away in a chafe she shut her up in a cupboard in the same chamber But for all that hee did not see her neither heard her cry yet within a little space when hee had drawne in the aire infected with the breath of the Cat that quality of temperament contrary or enemy to Cats being provoked he began to sweat to looke pale and to cry out all of us admiring it Here lies a Cat in some corner or other neither could he be quiet untill the Cat was taken away But such as have eaten the braines of a Cat are taken with often Vertigoes and now and then become foolish and mad they are helped by procuring vomit and taking the Antidote against this poyson that is halfe a Scruple of Muske dissolved and drunke in wine There bee some who prescribe the confection Diamoschâ—m to bee taken every morning foure houres before meat By this you may gather that it is not so fabulous that the common sort report that Cats will kill or harme children for lying to their mouthes with the weight of their whole bodies they hinder the passage forth of the fuliginous vapours and the motion of the Chest and infect and stifle the spirits of tender infants by the pestiferous aire and exhalation which they send forth CHAP. XXXV Of certaine poysonous Plants HAving described the poysons that come from living creatures I come to speake of such as are from Plants beginning with the Sardonian herb which is also called Apium risus this is a kinde of Ranunculus or Crow-foote and as it is thought the round leaved water Crow-foote called Marsh-crow-foote or speare-wort it taketh away the understanding of such as eate thereof and by a certaine distention of the nerves contracts the cheekes so that it makes them looke as if they laughed from this affect came that proverbiall speech of the Sardonian laughter taken in evill part His Bezoar as one may terme it is the juice of Balme The juice fruit and substance of Napellus taken inwardly killeth a man the same day or at the furthest in three dayes yea and such as escape the deadly force thereof by the speedy and convenient use of Antidotes fall into a hecticke feaver or consumption or become subject to the falling sicknesse as Avicen affirmeth And hence it is that barbarous people poyson their arrowes therewith For the lippes are forthwith inflamed and the tongue so swells that by reason thereof it cannot bee conteined in the mouth but hangs out with great horrour their eyes are enflamed and stand forth of their head and they are troubled with a Vertigo and sowning they become so weake that they cannot stirre their legges they are swollen and puffed in their bodies the violence of the poyson is so great The Antidote thereof is a certaine little creature like a Mouse which is bred and lives on the root of Napellus being dryed and drunke in pouder to the weight of two drammes In want hereof you may use the seed of Raddish or Turneps to drinke and anoint the body also with the oile of Scorpions Dorycinum and Solanum Manicum or deadly night-shade are not much different in their mortall symptomes or effects Dorycinum being drunke resembleth milk in tast it causeth continuall hicketting it troubleth the tongue with the weight of the humour it causeth blood to bee cast forth of the mouth and certaine mucous matter out of the belly like that which commeth away in the bloody fluxe A remedy hereto are all shell Fishes as well crude as roasted also sea-lobsters and crabbes and the broth or liquor wherein they are boyled being drunke Now the root of Solanum manicum drunke in the weight of one dram in wine causeth vaine and not unpleasing imaginations but double this quantity causeth a distraction or alienation of the minde for three dayes but foure times so much kills The remedies are the same as these prescribed against Dorycinum Henbane drunken or otherwise taken inwardly by the mouth causeth an alienation of the minde like drunkenness this also is accompanied with an agitation of the body and exolution of the spirits like sowning But amongst others this is a notable symptome that the patients so dote that they thinke themselves to be whipped whence their voice becomes so various that somtimes they bray like an asse or mule neigh like
a horse as Avicen writes The Antidote is pistick nuts eaten in great plenty treacle also and mithridate dissolved in sacke also wormewood rue and milke Of Mushromes some are deadly and hurtfull of their owne kinde and nature as those which broken presently become of divers colours and forth with putrefie such as Avicen saith those are which be found of a grayish or blewish colour others though not hurtfull in qualitie yet eaten in greater measure than is fitting become deadly for seeing by nature they are very cold and moist and consequently abound with no small viscosity as the excrementitious phlegme of the earth or trees whereon they grow they suffocate and extinguish the heat of the body as overcome by their quantity and strangle as if one were hanged and lastly kill Verily I cannot chuse but pittying Gourmondizers who though they know that Mushromes are the seminary and gate of death yet doe they with a great deale of doo most greedily devoure them I say pitying them I will shew them and teach them the art how they may feed upon this so much desired dish without the endangering of their health Know therfore that Mushromes may be eaten without danger if that they be first boyled with wild peares but if you have no wilde peares you may supply that defect with others which are the most harsh either newly gathered or dryed in the sun The leaves as also the bark of the same Tree are good especially of the wild for peares are their Antidote yet Conciliator gives another to wit Garlick eaten crude whereto in like sort vineger may bee fitly added so to cut and attenuate the tough viscous and grosse humors heaped up and in danger to strangle one by the too plentifull eating of Mushromes as it is delivered by Galen Ephemerum which some call Colchicum or Bulbus sylvestris that is medow saffron being taken inwardly causeth an itching over all the bodie no otherwise than those that are netled or rubbed with the juice of a Squill Inwardly they feelegnawings their stomacke is troubled with a great heavinesse and the disease encreasing there are streakes of blood mixed with the excrements The Antidote thereof is womans milke Asses or Cowes milk drunken warme and in a large quantity Mandrage taken in great quantity either the root or fruit causeth great sleepinesse sadnesse resolution and languishing of the body so that after many scritches and gripings the patient falls asleep in the same posture as hee was in just as if hee were in a Lethargie Wherefore in times past they gave Mandrage to such as were to bee dismembred The apples when as they are ripe and their seeds taken forth may be safely eaten for being green and with their seeds in them are deadly For there ariseth an intolerable heate which burnes the whole surface of the bodie the tongue and mouth waxe dry by reason whereof they gape continually so to take in the cold aire in which case unlesse they be presently helped they die with convulsions But they may be easily helped if they shall presently drinke such things as are convenient therefore Amongst which in Conciliators opinion excell radish seeds eaten with salt and bread for the space of three dayes Sneesing shall be procured if the former remedy do not quickly refresh them and a decoction of Coriander or Penny-royall in faire water shall be given them to drinke warme The ungratefull taste of the juice of blacke poppy which is termed Opium as also of Mandrage easily hinders them from being put into meate or drinke but that they may be discerned and chiefly for that neither of them can kill unlesse they be taken in a good quantity But because there is danger lest they bee given in greater quantity than is fitting by the ignorance of Physitians or Apothecaries you may by these signes finde the errour There ensues heavie sleepe with a vehement itching so that the patient oft times is forced thereby to cast off his dull sleepe wherein hee lay yet keepes his eye-lids shur being unable to open them But by this agitation there flowes out sweat which smels of Opium the bodie waxeth pale the lippes burne the Jaw-bone is relaxed they breath little and seldome When as their eyes waxe livid unlesse they bee drawne aside and that they are depressed in their orbe we must know that death is at hand The remedy against this is two drammes of the pouder of Castoreum given in wine Hemlocke drunken causeth Vertigo's troubleth the minde so that the patients may bee taken for mad men it darkeneth the sight causeth hicketting and benums the extreme parts lastly strangles with convulsions by supressing or stopping the breath of the Arterie Wherefore at the first as in other poysons you must endevour to expell it by vomit then inject glysters to expell that is got into the guts then use wine without mixture which is very powerfull in this case Peter Aponensis thinks the Bezoar or Antidote thereof to bee a potion of two drams of Treacle with a decoction of Dictamnus or Gentian in wine He which further desires to enform himselfe of the effects of Hemlock let him read Mathiolus his commentary upon Dioscorides where as he treats of the same subject Aconitum called so of Aconis a towne of the Periendines where as it plentifully growes According to Mathiolus it kils Wolves Foxes Dogges Cats Swine Panthers Leopards and all wilde beasts mixed with flesh and so devoured by them but it kills mice by onely smelling thereto Scorpions if touched by the roote of Aconite grow numme and torpid and so die thereof arrowes or darts dipped therein make uncurable wounds Those who have drunke Aconite their tongue forthwith waxeth sweet with a certaine astriction which within a while after turneth to bitternesse it causeth a Vertigo and shedding of teares and a heavinesse or straitnesse of the chest and parts about the heart it makes them breake wind downewards and makes all the body to tremble Pliny attributes so great celerity and violence to this poyson that if the genitalls of female creatures bee touched therewith it will kill them the same day there is no presenter remedy than speedy vomiting after the poison is taken But Conciliator thinks Aristolochia to be the Antidote thereof Yet some have made it usefull for man by experimenting it against the stinging of Scorpions being given warme in wine For it is of such a nature that it killeth the party unlesse it finde something in him to kill for then it strives therewith as if it had found an adversary But this fight is onely when as it finds poyson in the body and this is marvellous that both the poisons being of their own nature deadly should dye together that man may by that meanes live There are divers sorts thereof one wherof hath a flower like an helmet as if it were armed to mans destruction
but the other here delineated hath leaves like to sowes-bread or a cucumber and a root like the taile of a scorpion The figure of a certaine kind of Aconite Trees also are not without poyson as the Yew and Walnut tree may witnesse Cattell if they feede on the leaves of Yew are killed therewith But men if they sleepe under it or sit under the shadow thereof are hurt therewith and oft-times dye thereof But if they eat it they are taken with a bloudy fluxe and a coldnesse over all their bodyes and a kinde of strangling or stoppage of their breath All which things the Yew causeth not so much by an elementary and cold quality as by a certaine occult malignity whereby it corrupteth the humours and shaveth the guts The same things are good against this as we have set downe against Hemlock Nicander affirmes that good wine being drunken is a remedy thereto There is also malignity in a Wall-nut-tree which Grevinus affirmes that he found by experience whilest hee unawares sate under one slept there in the midst of Summer For waking he had a sense of cold over all his body a heavinesse of his head and paine that lasted sixe dayes The remedies are the same as against the Yew CHAP. XXXVI Of Bezoar and Bezoarticke medicines FOR that we have made mention of Bezoar in treating of the remedies of poysons I judge I shall not doe amisse if I shall explaine what the word meanes and the reason thereof Poyson absolutely taken is that which kils by a certaine specifick antipathy contrary to our nature So an Antidote or Counter-poyson is by the Arabians in their mother tongue termed Bedezahar as the preservers of life This word is unknowne to the Greekes and Latines and in use onely with the Arabians and Persians because the thing it selfe first came from them as it is plainely shewed by Garcias ab horto Physician to the Vice-Roy of the Indies in his history of the Spices and Simples of the East-Indies In Persia saith hee and a certaine part of India is a certaine kinde of Goate called Pazain wherefore in proper speaking the stone should bee termed Pazar of the word Pazain that signifies a Goate but wee corruptly terme it Bezar or Bezoar the colour of this beast is commonly reddish the height thereof indifferent in whose stomack concretes the stone called Bezoar it growes by little and little about a straw or some such like substance in scailes like to the scailes of an onion so that when as the first scaile is taken off the next appeares more smooth and shining as you still take them away the which amongst others is the signe of good Bezoar and not adulterate This stone is found in sundry shapes but commonly it resembles an Acorne or Date-stone it is sometimes of a sanguine colour and other-whiles of a hony-like or yellowish colour but most frequently of a blackish or dark greene resembling the colour of mad Apples or else of a Civet Cat. This stone hath no heart nor kernell in the midst but powder in the cavity thereof which is also of the same faculty Now this stone is light not very hard but so that it may easily be scraped or rasped like alabaster so that it will dissolve being long macerated in water at first it was common amongst us and of no very great price because our people who trafficked in Persia bought it at an easie rate But after that the faculties thereof were found out it began to bee more rare and deare and it was prohibited by an Edict from the King of the countrey that no body should sell a Goate to the stranger Merchants unlesse he first killed him and tooke forth the stone brought it to the King Of the notes by which this stone is tryed for there are many counterfeits brought hither the first is already declared the other is it may bee blowne up by the breath like an oxes hide for if the wind breake through and doe not stay in the density thereof it is accounted counterfeit They use it induced thereto by our example not onely against poysons but also against the bites of venemous beasts The richer sort of the Countrey purge twice a yeare to wit in March and September and then five daies together they take the powder of this stone macerated in rose-Rose-water the weight of ten graines at a time for by this remedy they thinke their youth is preserved as also the strength of their members There be some who take the weight of thirty graines yet the more wary exceed not twelve grains The same author addeth that he useth it with very good successe in inveterate melancholy diseases as the itch scab tetters leprosie therefore by the same reason it may well be given against a quartaine feaver Besides hee affirmeth for certaine that the powder conteined in the midst of the stone put upon the bites of venemous beasts presently freeth the patient from the danger of the poyson as also applied to pestilent Carbuncles when they are opened it drawes forth the venome But because the small pocks and meazles are familiar in the Indies and oft-times dangerous it is there given with good successe two graines each day in Rose-water Mathiolus subscribeth to this opinion of Garcias witnessing that hee hath found it by frequent experience that this stone by much exceeds not only other simple medicines of this kind but also such as are termed theriacalia and what other Antidotes soever Hereto also consents Abdalanarach Wee saith he have seene the stone which they call Bezahar with the sonnes of Almirama the observer of the Law of God with which stone hee bought a stately and almost princely house at Corduba Some yeares agoe a certaine Gentleman who had one of these stones which hee brought out of Spaine bragged before King Charles then being at Clermont in Auverne of the most certaine efficacie of this stone against all manner of poysons Then the King asked of mee whether there were any Antidote which was equally and in like maner prevalent against all poisons I answered that nature could not admit it for neither have all poysons the like effects neither doe they arise from one cause for some worke from an occult and specifick property of their whole nature others from some elementary quality which is predominant Wherefore each must be withstood with its proper and contrary Antidote as to the hot that which is cold and to that which assailes by an occult proprietie of forme another which by the same force may oppugne it and that it was an easie matter to make triall hereof on such as were condemned to bee hanged The motion pleased the King there was a Cooke brought by the Jailor who was to have been hanged within a while after for stealing two silver dishes out of his masters house Yet the King desired first to know of him whether hee would take
stirreup the appetite resist the venemous quality and putrefaction of the humours restraine the heat of the Feaver and prohibit the corruption of the meates in the stomacke Although that those that have a more weake stomacke and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unlesse they be mixed with Sugar and Cynamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslaine Succory Borage Sorrell Hops Buglosse Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervill the cooling Seeds french Barly and Oatmeale with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added for to avoid obstruction yet much broath must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten in the beginning of the Meale provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to bee seasoned with over-much Oyle and Salt they may also with good successe bee put into Broaths Fishes are altogether to be avoyded because they soon corrupt in the Stomack but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgions and Cravises boyled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea-fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kinds of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Egges potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good Likewise Barly water seasoned with the graines of a tart Pomegranate and if the Feaver be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such Barly water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and paine of the head and those must abstaine from it But instead of barly water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisons of the Sunne newly sodden in Rose water with Sugar soure Damaske Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine Peares And in the latter end of the Meale Quinces roasted in the Embers Marmelate of Quinces and conserves of Buglosse or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this pouder following Take of Coriander seeds prepared two drams of Pearle Rose leaves shavings of Hatts-horne and Ivory of each halfe a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinamon one scruple of Unicornes horne and the bone in a Stagges heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses foure ounces Make thereof a pouder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weake he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veale sodden together in the water of Sorrell Carduus benedictus with a little quantity of Rose vinegar Cynamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seeme to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broath of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomegranates This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Buglosse Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum Frigidum of the Trochisces of Camphire of each three drams of Citron seeds Carduus seeds Sorrell seeds the rootes of Diptamnus Tormentill of each two drammes of the broath of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslaine Buglosse and Borage boiled in it sixe pints put them in a Lembecke of glasse with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Partridges and with fifteene leaves of pure gold make thereof a destillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pint straine it through a woollen bagge with two ounces of white Sugar and halfe a dram of Cynamon let the patient use this when he is thirstie Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a legge of Veale two minced Partridges and two drammes of whole Cinamon without any liquor in a lembâ—â—ke of glasse well luted and covered and so let them boile in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect concoction For so the fleshes will bee boiled in their owne juice without any hurt of the fire then let the juice bee pressed out therehence with a presse give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordiall waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to bee avoided because that sweet things turne into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may bee fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickenesse that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custome age the region and the time for through emptinesse there is great danger lest that the venemous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called backe into the inward parts by an hungrie stomacke and the stomacke it selfe should beefilled with cholericke hot thin and sharp excrementall humours whereof commeth biting of the stomack and gripings in the guts CHAP. XXI What drinke the Patient infected ought to use IF the feaver be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unlesse that he be subject to swouning and he may drinke the Oxymel following in stread thereof Take of faire water three quarts wherein boyle foure ounces of hony untill the third part bee consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a cleane vessell and adde thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of faire water of hard sugar sixe ounces of cinamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bagge or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrupe of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence The use of the Julep following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrell well clarified halfe a pint of the juice of Lettuce so clarified foure ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boile them together to a perfection let them bee strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar let it be used betweene meales with boyled water or with equall portions of the water of Sorrell Lettuce Scabious and Buglosse or take of this former described Julep strained and clarified foure ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the forenamed cordiall waters and boile them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinamon halfe a dram
strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have accustomed to drink Sider Perry Beer or Ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somwhat tart for troubled dreggish drink doth not only engender grosse humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a feaver Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the feaver and represse the putrefaction of the humours and the fiercenesse of the venome and also expelleth the water through the veines if so bee that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weake of stomacke for such must avoyd all tart things Take of faire water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine Sugar foure ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boile them a little and then give the patient there of to drinke Or take of the juice of Lemmons Citrons of each halfe an ounce of juice of soure Pomegranates two ounces of the water of Sorrell and Roses of each one ounce of faire water boyled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julep and use it betweene meales Or take of Sirupe of Lemmons and of red Currance of each one ounce of the water of lillies foure ounces of faire water boyled halfe a pinte make thereof a Julep Ortake of the syrups of water Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrell of faire water one pinte make thereof a Julep But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomacke and cholericke by nature I thinke it not unmeet for him to drinke a full and large draught of fountaine water cold for that is effectuall to restraine and quench the heat of the Feaver and contrariwise they that drinke cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge doe encrease the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therfore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chiefe encrease and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomacke are filled beyond measure and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some doe not drinke so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drinke even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must bee covered with many cloaths and so placed that hee may sleepe and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulnesse and long and great heat sound sleep commeth by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present helpe But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrell and Purslaine made moist or soked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Lemmon or Orange macerated in Rose water sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature given to wine when the state of the Feaver is somewhat past and the chiefe heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wasted spirits The patient ought not by any meanes to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wash his hands and his face for that doth recreate the strength If the fluxe or lask trouble him he may very well use to drinke steeled water and also boyled milke wherein many stones comming red hot out of the fire have beene many times quenched For the drynesse and roughnesse of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the leeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oile of sweete Almonds mixed with a little syrupe of Violets If the roughnesse breed or degenerate into Ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because wee have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water I have here thought good to speake somewhat of the choice and goodnesse of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boile meat and make broaths therewith Many thinke that rain water which falls in summer and is kept in a cisterne well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runnes out of the tops of mountaines through rocks cliffes and stones in the third place they put Well water or that which riseth from the foots of hils Also the river water is good that is taken out of the midst or streame Lake or pond water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitfull of and stored with many venemous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthy nature But of spring and well waters these are to be judged the best which are insipide without smell colour such as are cleare warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner pulse turneps and the like are easily and quickly boyled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have cleer voices and shrill their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to bee used in the Plague NOw we must treate of the proper cure of this disease which must bee used as soone as may be possible because this kinde of poyson in swiftnesse exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to bee pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the Ayre is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humours in the body are soone infected with the vicinity of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease voyd of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent
are more weake halfe a dram It is better to give the infusion in a decoction than in substance for being elected and prepared truly into Trochises it may be called a most divine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praysed by the experience of many but because I know the use thereof is condemned by the councell and decree of the School of Physicians at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweats are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous Ayre among whom the efficacy of that which followeth hath beene proved to the great good of many in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germany as Matthias Rodler Chancellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified unto me by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye with foure pints of water then they doe set it over the fire and boyle it in a vessell of earth well leaded untill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling unto the bottome like unto salt whereof they make Trochisces of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolve one or two of those Trochisces according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and give it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that hee hath drunke it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bed and there sweat him two or three houres and then he will vomit and his belly will bee loosed as if hee had taken Antimony and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedy betimes and before the disease went unto their heart as I my selfe have proved in some that were sicke at Paris with most happy successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physicians being taken and applyed inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I have heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physician of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoves drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approved remedie against the Pestilence as he and many other have often found by experience For the plague is no other thing but a very great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoves being melted by the sun and force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken will performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolve a little weight of the seed of Rue being bruised in Muskadine with the quantity of a Beane of Treacle and so drinke it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaves or tops of Broome in halfe a pint of white wine and so give it to the patient to drinke to cause him to vomit loose his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they bind broome above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venome from going any nearer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampaine Gentian Tormentill Kermes berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe a dram they doe bruise and beate all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twenty houres in white wine and Aqua vitae on the warm embers and then straine it and give the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poyson and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Bean dissolve them in white wine and a little Aqua vitae and let the patient drinke it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vinegar under the embers and then straine it and mixe the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or any other cordiall thing and with strong wine and give the patient to drinke thereof to provoke sweat and to repell the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a big Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little Aqua vitae then straine it and give the patient thereof to drink There be some that doe drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vinegar and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Wall-nuts and then by much walking doe unburthen their stomack and belly upwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dryed leaves of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunke is thought to bee a most soveraigne medicine to provoke sweat loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Mathiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuary de Gommis will drive away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit looseness of the belly sweat one dram of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oyle of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poyson by vomit therewithall they anoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrests of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and wel exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but onely move the humours whereby commeth a Feaver When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomack and withhold the agitation or working of the humours and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignity be carryed into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that cover it which inflammation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgement and sometimes-the memory according to the situation of the inflammation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fiery rednesse of the eyes and face and heavinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with
a bason under it to receive the water which by dropping may resemble raine Let the soles of the feet and palmes of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lye far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THE skinne in pestilent feavers is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in forme like unto a graine of millet The more spots appeare the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulency of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow browne violet or purple blew and blacke And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore wee call them Purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and forme of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i Butterflies because they doe suddenly seaze or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflyes sometimes the face sometimes the armes and legges and sometimes all the whole body often times they doe not onely affect the upper part of the skin but goe deeper into the flesh specially when they proceed of matter that is grosse and adust They doe sometimes appeare great and broad affecting the whole arme legge or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humour that offends in quality or quantity If they are of a purple or black colour with often swouning and sinke in suddenly without any manifest cause they foreshew death The cause of the breaking out of those spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venome received or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent feaver many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humours in the body that neither the Sores nor Carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as forerunners of death Sometimes they breake out alone without a Botch or Carbuncle which if they bee red and have no evill symptomes joyned with them they are not wont to prove deadly they appeare for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimes later and sometimes they appeare not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Wherefore then principally the putride heat which is greatest a little before the death of the patient drives the excremental humors which are the matter of the spots unto the skin or else because nature in the last conflict hath contended with some greater endeavour than before which is common to all things that are ready to dye a little before the instant time of death the pestilent humour being presently driven unto the skinne and nature thus weakened by this extreme conflict falleth downe prostrate and is quite overthrowne by the remnant of the matter CHAP. XXIX Of the Cure of Eruptions and Spots YOU must first of all take heed lest you drive in the humour that is comming outwards with repercussives therfore beware of cold all purging things Phlebotomy and drowsie or sound sleeping For all such things doe draw the humours inwardly and work contrary to nature But it is better to provoke the motion of nature outwardly by applying of drawing medicines outwardly and ministring medicines to provoke sweat inwardly for otherwise by repelling stopping the matter of the eruptions there will bee great danger lest the heart be oppressed with the abundance of the venome flowing back or else by turning into the belly it inferres a mortall bloody fluxe which discommodities that they may bee avoided I have thought good to set downe this remedy whose efficacy I have knowne and proved many times and on divers persons when by reason of the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty and the thicknesse of the skinne the matter of the spots cannot breake forth but is constrained to lurke under the skin lifting it up into bunches and knobs I was brought unto the invention of this remedy by comparison of the like For when I understood that the essence of the French pockes and likewise of the pestilence consisted in a certain hidden virulency and venemous quality I soon descended unto that opinion that even as by the anointing of the body with the unguent compounded of Quick-silver the grosse and clammy humors which are fixed in the bones and unmoveable are dissolved relaxed and drawne from the center into the superficiall parts of the body by strengthening and stirring up the expulsive faculty and evacuated by sweating and fluxing at the mouth that so it should come to passe in pestilent Feavers that nature being strengthened with the same kinde of unction might unloade her selfe of some portion of the venemous and pestilent humour by opening the pores and passages and letting it breake forth into spots and pustles and into all kind of eruptions Therefore I have anointed many in whom nature seemed to make passage for the venemous matter very slowly first loosing their belly with a Clister and then giving them Treacle water to drinke which might defend the vitall faculty of the heart but yet not distend the stomack as though they had had the French pockes and I obtained my expected purpose in stead of the Treacle water you may use the decoction of Guajacum which doth heat dry provoke sweat and repell putrefaction adding thereto also vinegar that by the subtlety thereof it may pierce the better and withstand the putrefaction This is the description of the unguent Take of Hogs-greace one pound boyle it a little with the leaves of Sage Time Rosemary of each halfe an handfull straine it and in the straining extinguish five ounces of Quick-silver which hath bin first boyled in vinegar with the forementioned herbs of Sal Nitrum three drammes the yelks of three egges boyled untill they be hard of Treacle and Mithridate of each halfe an ounce of Venice Turpentine oyle of Scorpions and Bayes of each three ounces incorporate them altogether in a morter and make thereof an unguent wherewith annoint the patients arme-holes and groines avoyding the parts that belong to the head breast and back-bone then let him bee laid in his bed and covered warme and let him sweat there for the space of two houres and then let his body bee wiped and cleansed and if it may be let him be laid in another bed and there let him be refreshed with the broth of the decoction of a Capon rear egges and with such like meats of good juice that are easie to be concocted and digested let him be anointed the second and third day
either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the wombe the falling down of the wombe the leannesse of the womans body ill humours bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or over-much drinking of water whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulnesse Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminall matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolificke power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotylidones of the veines and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstruall matter into the wombe is stopped When the Kall is so fat that it girdeth in the wombe narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulnesse of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the wombe Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot joyne their genitall parts together and by how much the more bloud goeth into fat by so much the lesse is remaining to be turned into seed menstruall bloud which two are the originals principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face some what lean pale because they have their genitals moystned with a saltish sharp and tickling humour are more given to venery than those that are red fat Finally Hippocrates sets downe foure causes onely why women are barren and unfruitfull The first is because they cannot receive the mans seede by reason of the default of the neck of the wombe the second because when it is received into the wombe they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or beare it untill the due and lawfull time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object wil faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the wombe untill the due and appointed naturall time CHAP. XXXIX The signes of a distempered wombe THat woman is thought to have her wombe too hot whose courses come forth sparingly and with paine and exulcerate by reason of their heate the superfluous matter of the bloud being dissolved or turned into wind by the power of the heat whereupon that menstruall bloud that floweth forth is more grosse and black For it is the property of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore shee that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soone exclude the seede in copulation and shee shall feele it more sharpe as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a wombe whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well coloured Those that have lesse desire of copulation have lesse delight therein and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not stayning a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That wombe is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signes of too dry a wombe appeare in the little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of copulation whereby it may be made slippery by the moysture of the seede by the fissures in the necke thereof by the chaps and itching for all things for want of moysture will soone chap even like unto the ground which in the summer by reason of a great drought or drynesse will chap and chinke this way and that way and on the contrary with moisture it will close and joyne together againe as it were with glew A woman is thought to have all opportunities unto conception when her courses or flowers doe cease for then the wombe is voyd of excrementall filth and because it is yet open it will the more easily receive the mans seede and when it hath received it it will better retaine it in the wrinkles of the cotylidones yet gaping as it were in rough and unequall places Yet a woman will easily conceave a little before the time that the flowers ought to flow because that the menstruall matter falling at first like dew into the wombe is very meet and fit to nourish the seede and not to drive it out againe or to suffocate it Those which use copulation when their courses fall downe abundantly will very hardly or seldome conceive and if they doe conceive the child will be weake and diseased and especially if the womans bloud that flowes out be unfound but if the bloud bee good and laudable the childe will bee subject to all plethoricke diseases There are some women in whom presently after the fluxe of the termes the orifice of the wombe will be closed so that they must of necessity use copulation with a man when their menstruall fluxe floweth if at lest they would conceive at all A woman may beare children from the age of fourteene untill forty or fifty which time whosoever doth exceed will beare untill threescore yeares because the menstruall fluxes are kept the prolificall faculty is also preserved therefore many women have brought forth children at that age but after that time no woman can beare as Aristotle writeth Yet Pliny saith that Cornelia who was of the house of the Scipioes being in the sixty second yeare of her age bare Volusius Saturnius who was Consull Valescus de Tarenta also affirmeth that he saw a woman that bare a childe on the sixty second yeare of her age having borne before on the sixtieth and sixty first yeare Therefore it is to bee supposed that by reason of the variety of the ayre region diet and temperament the menstruall fluxe and procreative faculty ceaseth in some sooner in some later which variety taketh place also in men For in them although the seede be genitable for the most part in the second seventh yeare yet truely it is unfruitfull untill the third seventh yeare And whereas most men beget children untill they bee threescore yeers old which time if they passe they beget till seventy yet there are some knowne that have begot children untill the eightieth yeere Moreover Pliny writeth that Masinissa the King begot a sonne when hee was fourescore and sixe yeeres of age and also Cato the Censor after that he was fourescore CHAP. XL. Of the falling downe or perversion or turning of the wombe THe wombe is said to fall downe and be perverted when it is moved out of its proper and naturall place as when the bands and ligatures thereof being loosed and relaxed it falleth downe unto one side or other or into its owne necke or else passeth further so that it comes out at the necke and a great portion thereof appeares without the privie parts
veine great sweats ulcers flowing much and long scabbinesse of the whole skinne immoderate grossenesse and clamminesse of the blood and by eating of raw fruites and drinking of cold water by sluggishnesse and thicknesse of the vessels and also the obstruction of them by the defaults and diseases of the wombe by distemperature an abscesse an ulcer by the obstruction of the inner orifice thereof by the growing of a Callus caruncle cicatrize of a wound or ulcer or membrane growing there by injecting of astringent things into the necke of the wombe which place many women endeavour foolishly to make narrow I speake nothing of age greatnesse with child nursing of children because these causes are not besides nature neither doe they require the helpe of the Physitian Many women when their flowers or tearmes be stopped degenerate after a manner into a certaine manly nature whence they are called Viragines that is to say stout or manly women therefore their voice is more loud and bigge like unto a mans and they become bearded In the city Abdera saith Hippocrates Phaethusa the wife of Pytheas at the first did beare children and was fruitfull but when her husband was exiled her flowers were stopped for a long time but when these things happened her body became manlike and rough and had a beard and her voice was great and shrill The very same thing happened to Namysia the wife of Gorgippus in Thasus Those virgins that from the beginning have not their monethly fluxe and yet neverthelesse enjoy their perfect health they must necessarily be hot and dry or rather of a manly heat and drynesse that they may so disperse and dissipate by transpiration as men doe the excrements that are gathered but verily all such are barren CHAP. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly fluxe or flowers WHen the flowers or monethly fluxe are stopped diseases affect the womb and from thence passe into all the whole body For thereof commeth suffocation of the womb headache swouning beating of the heart and swelling of the breasts and secret parts inflammation of the wombe an abscesse ulcer cancer a feaver nauseousnesse vomitings difficult and slow concoction the dropsie strangury the full wombe pressing upon the orifice of the bladder blacke and bloody urine by reason that portion of the blood sweateth out into the bladder In many women the stopped matter of the monethly fluxe is excluded by vomiting urine and the hoemorrhoides in some it groweth into varices In my wife when shee was a maide the menstruall matter was excluded and purged by the nostrills The wife of Peter Feure of Casteaudun was purged of her menstruall matter by the dugges every moneth and in such abundance that scarce three or foure cloaths were able to dry it and sucke it up In those that have not the fluxe monethly to evacuate this plenitude by some part or place of the body there often followes difficulty of breathing melancholy madnesse the gout an ill disposition of the whole body dissolution of the strength of the whole body want of appetite a consumption the falling sickenesse an apoplexie Those whose blood is laudable yet not so abundant doe receive no other discommodity by the suppression of the flowers unlesse it be that the wombe burnes or itcheth with the desire of copulation by reason that the wombe is distended with hot and itching blood especially if they lead a sedentary life Those women that have beene accustomed to beare children are not so grieved and evill at ease when their flowers are stopped by any chance contrary to nature as those women which did never conceive because they have beene used to be filled and the vessels by reason of their customary repletion and distention are more large and capacious when the courses flow the appetite is partly dejected for that nature being then wholly applied to expulsion cannot throughly concoct or digest the face waxeth pale and without its lively colour because that the heat with the spirits go from without inwards so to helpe and aide the expulsive faculty CHAP. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses THe suppression of the flowers is a plethorick disease and therefore must be cured by evacuation which must be done by opening the veine called Saphena which is at the ankle but first let the basilike veine of the arme be opened especially if the body bee plethoricke lest that there should a greater attraction be made into the wombe and by such attraction or flowing in there should come a greater obstruction When the veines of the wombe are distended with so great a swelling that they may be seen it will be very profitable to apply horse-leeches to the necke thereof pessaries for women may be used but fumigations of aromaticke things are more meet for maides because they are bashfull and shamefaced Unguents liniments emplasters cataplasmes that serve for that matter are to bee prescribed and applied to the secret parts ligatures and frictions of the thighes and legges are not to bee omitted fomentations and sternutatories are to be used and cupping glasses are to bee applied to the groines walking dancing riding often and wanton copulation with her husband and such like exercises provoke the flowers Of plants the flowers of St. Johns wort the rootes of fennell and asparagus bruscus or butchers broom of parsley brooke-lime basill balme betony garlicke onions crista marina costmary the rinde or barke of cassia fistula calamint origanum pennyroyall mugwort thyme hissope sage marjoram rosemary horehound rue savine spurge saffron agaricke the flowers of elder bay berries the berries of Ivie scammony Cantharides pyrethrum or pellitory of Spaine suphorbium The aromaticke things are amomum cynamon squinanth nutmegs calamus aromaticus cyperus ginger cloves galangall pepper cubibes amber muske spiknard and such like of all which let fomentations fumigations baths broaths boles potions pills syrupes apozemes and opiates be made as the Physitians shall thinke good The apozeme that followeth is proved to be very effectuall â„ž flo flor dictam an pii pimpinel m ss omnium capillar an p i. artemis thymi marjor origan an m ss rad rub major petroselin faenicul an â„¥ i ss rad paeon. bistort an Ê’ ss cicerum rub sem paeon. faenicul an Ê’ ss make thereof a decoction in a sufficient quantity of water adding thereto cinamon Ê’ iii. in one pinte of the decoction dissolve after it is strained of the syrupe of mugwort and of hissope an â„¥ ii diarrhod abbat Ê’ i. let it bee strained through a bagge with Ê’ ii of the kernells of dates and let her take â„¥ iiii in the morning Let pessaries bee made with galbanum ammoniacum and such like mollifying things beaten into a masse in a mortar with a hot pestell and made into the forme of a pessary and then let them be mixed with oile of Jasmine euphorbium an oxegall the juice of mugwort and other such
and exulcerating pessaries Often times also nature avoides all the juice of the whole body critically by the wombe after a great disease which fluxe is not rashly or sodainely to be stopped That menstruall blood that floweth from the wombe is more grosse blacke and clotty but that which commeth from the necke of the wombe is more cleere liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choice of such meats and drinkes as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtle parts so they are stopped by such meates as are cooling thickening astringent and stipticke as are barly waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fryed or sodden with sorrell purslaine plantaine shepheards purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a harts horne burned washed and taken in astringent water will stoppe all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites corall beaten into most subtle powder and drunke in steeled water also pappe made with milk wherein steele hath often times been quenched and the floure of wheat barly beanes or rice is very effectuall for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Juleps are to be used of steeled waters with the syrupe of dry roses pomegranates sorrell myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to bee avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must choose grosse and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially venereous exercises anger is to bee avoided a cold aire is to be chosen which if it be not so naturally must bee made so by sprinkeling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat bee then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a veine in the arme cupping glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painfull frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood the body must bee purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarbe Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrupe of roses CHAP. LVII Of locall medicines to bee used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate fluxe of the tearmes and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may bee the forme of an unguent ℞ ol mastich myrt an ʒii nucum cupres olibani myrtil an ʒii succi rosar rubr ℥ i. pulv mastichin ℥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat an ʒss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made ℞ aq plantag rosar rubrar bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressi gallar non maturar an ʒii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an ʒi make thereof a decoction and inject it with a syringe blunt pointed into the wombe lest if it should be sharpe it might hurt the sides of the necke of the wombe also snailes beaten with their shells and applied to the navell are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coals and incorporated with the powder of myrtills and bole armenick and put into the necke of the wombe are marvellous effectuall for this matter The forme of a pessary may be thus ℞ gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar ʒii ammo ʒss sang dracon pul rad symphyt sumach mastich succi acaciae cornu cer ust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an ʒi caphur ℈ ii mixe them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grasse syngreen night-shade henbane water lillies plantaine of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loines thighes and genitall parts but if this immoderate flux doe come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the necke of the wombe let the place be anointed with the milke of a shee Asse with barly water or binding and astringent mucelages as of psilium quinces gumme trugacanth arabicke and such like CHAP. LVIII Of womens fluxes or the Whites BEsides the forenamed fluxe which by the law of nature happeneth to women monethly there is also another called a womans fluxe because it is onely proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continuall distillation from the wombe or through the wombe comming from the whole body without paine no otherwise than when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reines or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertaine seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the wombe it differeth from the menstruall fluxe because that this for the space of a few dayes as it shall seeme convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this womans fluxe yeeldeth impure ill juice sometimes sanious sometimes serous and livide otherwhiles white and thicke like unto barly creame proceeding from flegmaticke blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore wee see women that are flegmaticke and of a soft and loose habite of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites And as the matter is divers so it will staine their smockes with a different colour Truely if it bee perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought that it commeth by erosion or the exolution of the substance of the vessels of the wombe or of the necke thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to bee menstruall for some other cause for then in stead of the monethly fluxe there floweth a certaine whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the colour of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholy humour and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the wombe But often times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the wombe deceiveth the unskilfull Chirurgian or Physitian but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the necke of the wombe cannot have copulation with a man without paine CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the whites consisteth in the proper weaknesse of the wombe or else in the uncleannesse thereof and sometimes by the
sore eyes a paper wherein the two greeke letters Î and A are written must bee tyed in a thred and hanged about the necke And for the tooth ache this ridiculous saying Strigiles falcesque dentatae dentium dolorem persanate Also oft times there is no small superstition in things that are outwardly applied Such is that of Apollonius in Pliny to scarifie the gummes in the tâ—… ache with the tooth of one that died a violent death to make pils of the skull of one hanged against the bitings of a mad dogge to cure the falling sicknesse by eating the flesh of a wilde beast killed with the same iron wherewith a man was killed that he shall be freed from a quartaine ague who shall drinke the wine whereinto the sword that hath cut off a mans head shall be put and he the parings of whose nailes shall be tyed in a linnen cloth to the necke of a quicke Eele and the Eele let goe into the water againe The paine of the Milt to be asswaged if a beasts Milt bee laid upon it and the Physitian say that he cures or makes a medicine for the Milt Any one to bee freed from the cough who shall spit in the mouth of a Toad letting her goe away alive The halter wherein one hath beene hanged put about the temples to helpe the head ache This word Abracadabra written on a paper after the manner described by Serenus and hanged about the necke to help agues or feavers especially semitertians What truth can bee in that which sundry affirme that a leafe of Lathyris which is a kinde of Spurge if it be plucked upwards will cause vomit but broken downewards will move to stoole You may also finde many other superstitious fictions concerning herbes such as Galen reports that Andreas and Pamphilus writ as incantations transformations and herbes dedicated to conjurers and devills I had thought never in this place to have mentioned these and the like but that there may bee every where found such wicked persons who leaving the arts and means which are appointed by God to preserve the health of mans body flye to the superstitious ridiculous remedies of sorcerers or rather of devils which notwithstanding the devill sometimes makes to performe their wisht for effects that so hee may still keep them ensnared addicted to his service Neither is it to be approved which many say that it is good to be healed by any art or meanes for that healing is a good worke This saying is unworthy of a Christian and savours rather of him that trusts more in the devill than in God Those Empericks are not of the society of Sorcerers and Magitians who heale simple wounds with dry lint or lint dipt in water this cure is neither magicall nor miraculous as many suppose but wholly naturall proceeding from the healing fountains of nature wounds fractures which the Chirurgian may heale by onely taking away the impediments that is paine defluxion inflammation an abscesse and gangrene which retard and hinder the cure of such diseases The following examples will sufficiently make evident the devils maliciousnesse alwaies wickedly and craftily plotting against our safety and life A certaine woman at Florence as Langius writes having a maligne ulcer and being troubled with intolerable paine at the stomacke so that the Physitians could give her no ease behold on a sudden shee vomited up long and crooked nailes and brasse needles wrapped up with wax and haires and at length a great gobbit of flesh so biâ—ge that a Giants jawes could scarce swallow it But that which happened in the yeere of our redemption 1539. in a certain town called Fugenstall in the Bishopricke of Eistet exceeds all credit unlesse there were eye-witnesses of approved integrity yet living In this towne one Ulrich Neusesser a husbandman was tormented with grievous paine in the one side of his belly hee sodainely got hold of an iron key with his hand under the skinne which was not hurt the which the Barber-Chirurgian of the place cut out with his razour yet for all this the paine ceased not but hee grew every day worse than other wherefore expecting no other remedy but death he got a knife and cut his throat His dead body was opened and in his stomacke were found a round and longish piece of wood foure steele knives part sharpe and part toothed like a saw and two sharpe peices of iron each whereof exceeded the length of a spanne there was also as it were a ball of haire All these things were put in by the craft and deceit of the devill Thus farre Langius CHAP. XVIII Of the Cozenages and crafty Trickes of Beggars HAving treated of Monsters it followes that wee speake of those things which either of themselves by reason of their nature full of admiration have some kinde of monstrousnesse in them or else from some other waies as by the craft and cozenage of men And because to the last mentioned crafts of the Devill the subtle devices of begging companions are sowewhat alike therefore I will handle them in the next place that the Chirurgian being admonished of them may be more cautious and cunning in discerning them when hee meets with them Anno Dom. 1525. when I was at Anjou there stood a crafty beggar begging at the Church dore who tying and hiding his owne arme behind his backe shewed in steed thereof one cut from the body of one that was hanged and this he propped up and bound to his breast and so laid it open to view as if it had been all enflamed so to move such as passed by unto greater commiseration of him The cozenage lay hid every one giving him mony untill at length his counterfeit arm not being surely fastened fell upon the ground many seeing and observing it hee being apprehended and layed in prison by the appointment of the Magistrate was whipped through the towne with his false arme hanging before him and so banished I had a brother called John Parey a Chirurgian who dwelt at Vitre in Britany he once observed a young woman begging who shewed her breast as if it had a cancrous ulcer thereon looking fearfully by reason of much and fordid filth wherewith it seemed to defile the cloath that lay under it But when as hee had more diligently beheld the womans face and the fresh colour thereof as also of the places about the ulcer and the good habite of the whole body agreeable to that colour for she was somewhat fat and of a very good habite of body he was easily hereby induced to suspect some roguery and deceit He acquainted the Magistrate with this his suspicion and got leave that hee might carry her home to his house so to search her more narrowly Where opening her breast he found under her arme-pit a sponge moistened with a commixture of beasts blood and milke and carried through an elder pipe to the hidden holes of her counterfeit cancer Therefore he foments her
can pierce it Of the land Crocodile resembling this both land and water one is made the medicine Crocodilea most singular for sore eyes being anointed with the juice of leekes it is good against suffusions or dimnesse of the sight it takes away freckles pustles and spots the Gall anointed on the eyes helps Cataracts but the blood cleares the sight Thevet saith they live in the fountaines of the river Nilus or rather in a lake flowing from the same fountaines and that he saw some that were sixe paces long and a yard crosse the backe so that their very lookes were formidable They catch them thus when as the water of Nilus falls the Aegyptians let down a line having thereto fastened an iron hooke of some three pound waight made very large and strong upon this hooke they put a piece of the flesh of a Camell or some other beast which when as he sees he presently falls upon it and devoures it hooke and all wherewith when he findes himselfe to bee cruelly pulled and pinched it would delight you to see how he frets and leaps aloft then they draw him thus hooked by little and little to the shore and fasten the rope surely to the next tree lest hee should fall upon them that are about him then with prongs and such things they so belabour his belly where as his skin is soft and thinne that at length they kill him and uncasing him they make ready his flesh and eat it for delicious food John Lereus in his history of Brasil writes that the Salvages of that country willingly feed upon Crocodiles and that hee saw some who brought into their houses young ones wherewith the children gathering about it would play without receiving any harme thereby True saith Pliny is that common opinion Whatsoever is brought forth in any part of Nature that also is in the sea and many other things over and above that are in no other place You may perceive that there are not onely the resemblances of living creatures but also of other things if you looke upon the sword saw cowcumber like in smell and colour to that of the earth that you may lesse wonder at the Sea feather and grape whose figures I have given you out of Rondeletius The sea feather is like those feathers of birds which are worne in hats for ornament after they are trimmed and drest for that purpose The fishermen call them sea-prickes for that one end of them resembleth the end of a mans yard when the prepuce is drawne off it As long as it is alive it swells and becomes sometimes bigger and sometimes lesser but dead it becomes very flaccide and lanke it shines bright on the night like a starre You may by this gather that this which wee here expresse is the Grape whereof Pliny makes mention because in the surface and upper part thereof it much resembles a faire bunch of Grapes it is somewhat longish like a mis-shapen clubbe and hangs upon a long stalke The inner parts are nothing but confusion sometimes distinguished with little glandules like that wee have here figured alone by it selfe The figures of the Sea Feather and Grape In the Sea neere the Island Hispaniola in the West Indies there may be seene many monstrous fishes amongst which Thevet in his Cosmography thought this most rare and observable which in the vulgar language of the natives is termed Aloes For it is just like a goose with a long and straight necke with the head ending sharpe or in a Cone not much unlike a sugar-peare it is no bigger than agoose it wanteth scailes it hath foure finnes under the belly for swimming when it is above water you would say that it were a goose The Sarmatian or Easterne Germane Ocean containes fishes unknowne to hot countries and very monstrous Such is that which resembling a snaile equalls a barrell in magnitude of body and a stag in the largenesse and branches of her hornes the ends of her hornes are rounded as it were into little balls shining like unto pearles the necke is thicke the eyes shining like to lighted candles with a roundish nose set with haires like to a cats the mouth wide whereunder hangs a piece of flesh very ugly to behold It goes on foure legges with so many broad and crooked feet the which with a longtaile and variegated like a Tiger serves her for finnes to swim withall This creature is so timerous that though it be an Amphibium that is which lives both in the water and ashore yet usually it keeps it selfe in the sea neither doth it come ashore to feed unlesse in a very cleare season The flesh thereof is very good and gratefull meat and the blood medicinable for such as have their livers ill affected or their lungs ulcerated as the blood of great Tortoises is good for the Leprosie Thevet in his Cosmography affirmeth that hee saw this in Denmarke In a deepe lake of fresh water upon which stands the great city or towne of Themistitan in the Kingdome of Mexico which is built upon piles like as Venice is there is found a fish of the bignesse of a Calfe called by the southerne Salvages Andura but by those of the place and the Spaniards the conquerers of that place Hoga It is headed and eared almost like a swine from the chaps hang five long bearded appendices of the length of some halfe a foot like the beard of a Barbell It hath flesh very gratefull and good to eat It bringeth forth live young like as the Whale As it swimmes in the waters it seemes greene yellow red and of many colours like a Chameleon it is most frequently conversant about the shore sides of the lake and there it feeds upon the leaves of the tree called Hoga whence also the fish hath its name It is a fearefully toothed and fierce fish killing and devouring such as it meeteth withall though they bee biggerthan her selfe which is the reason why the Fishermen chiefly desire to kill her as Thevet affirmeth in his Cosmography The monstrous fish Hoga Andrew Thevet in his Cosmography writes that as he sailed to America hee saw infinite store of flying fishes called by the salvages Bulampech who rising out of the water flye some fifty paces escaping by that meanes from other greater fish that thinke to devoure them This kinde of flying fish exceeds not the bignesse of a Mackrell is round headed with a blewish backe two wings which equall the length of almost all their body They oft times flye in such a multitude that they fall foule upon the sailes of ships whilest they hinder one anothers sight and by this meanes they fall upon the decks and become a prey to the Sailers which same we have read confirmed by John Lereus in his history of Brasil In the Venetian gulfe betweene Venice and Ravenna two miles above Quioza anno Dom. 1550. there was taken a flying fish very horrible and monstrous being foure
head like to a boule with feet round broad and wanting hurtfull nailes The Moores kill it and use to eat the flesh of it being first bruised that so it may be the more tender In the Realme of Camota of Ahob of Benga and other mountaines of Cangipa Plimatique and Catagan which are in the inner India beyond the river of Ganges some five degrees beyond the Tropicke of Cancer is found a beast which the westerne Germanes call Giraffe This beast in head eares and cloven feet is not much unlike our Doe it hath a very slender necke but it is some sixe foot long and there are few beasts that exceed him in the length of their legges his taile is round but reacheth no further than his hammes his skin is exceeding beautifull yet somewhat rough having haire thereon somewhat longer than a Cow it is spotted and variegared in some places with spors of a middle colour betweene white and chesnut so as Leopards are for which cause by some greeke Historians it is called a Cameleopardalis it is so wilde before it bee taken that with the good-will it will not so much as be seen Therefore it inhabites and lives only in desart and secret places unknown to the rest of the beasts of that region He presently flyes away at the sight of a man yet is he taken at length for that he is not very speedy in his running away once taken he is as easily and speedily tamed as any wild beast whatsoever He hath above his crowne two straight horns covered with haires and of a foots length When as he holds up his head and necke hee is as high as a Lance. He feeds upon herbes and the leaves and boughes of trees yea and he is also delighted with bread The effigies of a Giraffa Such as saile in the red sea alongst the coast of Arabia meet with an Iland called by the Arabians Cademota in that part thereof where the river Plata runnes is found a wild beast called by the barbarous inhabitants Parassoupi being of the bignesse of a Mule headed not unlike one yet rough and haired like to a Beare but not of so dark a colour but inclining to yellow with cloven feet like a Hart shee hath two long hornes on her head but not branched somewhat resembling those so much magnifyed hornes of Unicornes For the natives of the place bitten by the venemous tooth of either beast or fish are presently helped and recover by drinking the water wherein such hornes have beene infused for sixe or seven dayes space as Thevet in his Cosmography reports In one of the Ilands of the Molucca's there is found a Beast living both on land and water like as a Crocodile it is called Camphurch it is of the bignesse of an Hart it hath one horne in the forehead moveable after the fashion of the nose of a Turky-cocke it is some three foot and an halfe long and never thicker than a mans arme his neck is covered over with haire of an ash colour he hath two feet like to a gooses feet wherwith he swims both in fresh and salt waters His fore feet are like to a stags he lives upon fish Many have perswaded themselves that this beast is a kind of Unicorne and that therefore his horne should bee good against poysons The King of the Iland loves to be called by the name of this beast and so also other Kings take to themselves the names of the wilde beasts fishes or fruits that are most pretious and observable in their dominions as Thevet reports Mauritania and Aethiopia and that part of Africke that is beyond the desarts and syrtes bring forth Elephants but those of India are farre larger Now although in the largenesse of their body they exceed all foure footed beasts yet may they bee more speedily and easily tamed than other beasts For they may be taught to doe many things above the common nature of beasts Their skin is somewhat like to a Buffles with little haire upon it but that which is is ash coloured his head large his necke short his eares two handfulls broad his nose or trunke very long and hanging down almost to the ground hollow like as a trumpet the which he useth in stead of an hand his mouth is not farre from his beast not much unlike a swines from the upper part whereof two large teeth thrust forth themselves his legges are thicke and strong not consisting of one bone as many formerly have falsly believed for they kneele to admit their Rider or to bee laden and then rise up againe of themselves his feet are round like a quoit some two or three hands breadth and divided into five clefts He hath a taile like a Buffle but not very rough some three hands breadth long wherefore they would be much troubled with flyes and waspes but that nature hath recompenced the shortness of their tailes by another way for when they finde themselves molested they contract their skin so strongly that they suffocate and kill these little creatures taken in the wrinkles thereof they overtake a man running by going onely for his legges are proportionable to the rest of his body They feed upon the leaves and fruits of trees neither is any tree so strong or well rooted which they cannot throw downe and breake They grow to bee sixteene handfulls high wherefore such as ride upon an Elephant are as much troubled as if they went to sea They are of so unbridled a nature that they cannot endure any head-stall or raines therefore you must suffer them to take the course and way they please Yet doe they obey their country men without any great trouble for they seeme after some sort to understand their speech wherefore they are easily governed by their knowne voices and words They throw down a man that angers them first taking him up with their Trunke and lifting him aloft and then letting him fall they tread him under foot and leave him not before he bee dead Aristotle writes that Elephants generate not before they be twenty yeeres old they know not adultery neither touch they any female but one from which they also diligently abstain when they know she hath once conceived It cannot be knowne how long they goe with young the reason is for that their copulation is not seen for they never do it but in secret The females bring forth resting upon their hinde legges and with paine like women they licke their young and these presently see and goe and sucke with their mouths and not with their Trunkes You may see Elephants teeth of a monstrous and stupendious bignesse at Venice Rome Naples and Paris they terme it Ivory and it is used for Cabinets Harps Combes and other such like uses The figure of an Elephant We have read in Thevet that in Florida there are great Bulls called in that country tongue Beautrol they have hornes of a foot long a bunch on their backe like a
Marrow gelly which are not altogether so strong as those which are commonly taken by the mouth because the faculty of concoction in the guts is much weaker than that of the stomacke Oftentimes also the matter of these kinde of Glysters are prepared in wine where there is no paine of the head or feaver but more frequently in the decoction of Barley and in Milke adding the yelkes of Egges and some small quantity of white Sugar lest by the cleansing faculty it move the guts to excretion And therefore Sugar of Roses is thought better which is conceived to bee somewhat binding Here you may have examples of such Glysters ℞ Decoctionis Capi perfectè cocti lb. i. ss sachari albi ℥ ss misce fiat Clyster ℞ Decocti Pulli Galatinae an lb. ss vini opt ℥ iv fiat Clyster ℞ Decocti hordei mundati in cremorem redacti lb. ss luctis boni lb. i. Vitellos ovorum duos fiat Clyster We use these kinde of Glysters to strengthen children old and weake men and bodies which are in a Consumption But in the use of these there are three things to be observed First that the faeculent excrements be taken away either by strength of nature or by art as by a suppository or an emollient Glyster lest the alimentary matter being mingled with them should so be infected and corrupted The other is that there be great quantity given that so some may ascend to the upper guts The third is that the sicke sleep after the taking of it for so it is more easily converted into nourishment and the alimentary matter is better kept for sleep hindereth evacuations In Glysters of this kinde wee must be ware of Salt Honey and Oyle for the two first provoke excretion by their acrimony and the last by his humidity doth relaxate and lubricate They who thinke no kinde of Glyster can nourish or sustaine the body relye upon this reason That it is necessary whatsoever nourisheth should have a triple commutation or concoction in the body first in the stomacke secondly in the liver thirdly in all the members But this opinion is repugnant to reason and experience to reason for that a certaine sense of such things as are defective is implanted in all and every of the naturall parts of our body Therefore seeing nutrition is a repletion of that which is empty without doubt the empty and hungry parts will draw from any place that nourishment which is fit and convenient for them and in defect thereof whatsoever they meet with which by any familiarity may asswage and satisfie their desire But the alimentary Glysters by us described consist of things which agree very well with the nature of our bodies and such as are boyled and ordered with much art so to supply the chylification to bee performed in the stomacke Therefore they may be drawne in by the meseraicke veines of the guts which according to Galen have a certaine attractive faculty And thence they may bee easily carried through the gate veine liver and so over the whole body And experience teacheth that many sick people when they could take nothing by the mouth have bin sustained many daies by the helpe of these kinde of Glysters What is more to bee said We have seen those who have taken a Suppository by the fundament and vomited it at the mouth by which it also appeareth that something may flow without danger of the sicke from the guts into the stomacke Commonly they give Glysters any houre of the day without any respect of time but it should not be done unlesse a great while after meales otherwise the meate being hindered from digestion will be drawne out of the stomacke by the Glyster Glysters are used to helpe the weaker expulsive faculty of the guts and by consequence also of the other parts both that such as through want of age and old people and such as by reason of great imbecility by sicknesse cannot admit of a purging medicine may by this meanes at least ease themselves of the trouble and burden of hurtfull humours Galen hath attributed to Storkes the invention of Glysters which with their bils having drunke Sea water which from saltnesse hath a purging quality wash themselves by that part whereby they use to bring away the excrements of their meates and of the body But a Glyster is fitly taken after this maner whilest the Syrenge is expressed let the patient hold open his mouth for by this means all the muscles of the Abdomen which helpe by compression the excretion of the guts are relaxed Let him weare nothing that may gird in his belly let him lye upon his right side bending in a semicircular figure and so the Glyster will the more easily passe to the upper guts and as it were by an overflowing wet and wash all the guts and excrements It hapneth otherwise to those who lye upon their left side for the Glyster being so injected is conceived to abide and as it were to stop in the Intestinum rectum or Colon because in this site these two Intestines are oppressed and as it were shut up with the weight of the upper guts A little while he may lye upon his backe after hee have received the Glyster and presently after hee may turne himselfe on either side And if there be paine in any part so long as he is able he may incline to that side Moreover because there are many who cannot by any reason bee perswaded to shew their buttockes to him that should administer the Glyster a foolish shamefastnesse hindering them therefore I thought good in this place to give the figure of an Instrument with which one may give a Glyster to himselfe by putting up the pipe into the fundament lifting the buttockes a little up The pipe is marked with this Letter A. The body of the Syrenge whereinto the Glyster must be put with this Letter B. The figure of a Glyster pipe and Syrenge by benefit whereof a man may give himselfe a Glyster CHAP. XXIII Of Suppositories Nodules and Pessaries A Suppository is a certaine medicament formed like unto a tent or gobbet of paste such as is commonly used to fat Fowle It is put up into the fundament that it might excite the sphincter muscle to send forth those excrements which are kept in the guts Antiently it had the forme of an Acorne whence it is called to this day Glans The Suppositories we now usually make have the forme of a Pessary that is round and longish in the forme of a waxe Candle They are either weake stronger or sharpe the weake are made of the stalkes or the rootes of Beets of Lard boiled Honey with Salt or of Castle-sope The stronger of purging powders as Hiera with Salt and Honey The sharp with Scammony Euphorbium Coloquintida and like things powdred and with Honey or the juices of sharpe herbes or mingled with the gals of Beasts It is commonly made thus as ℞
by the beames of the sunne others by the force of lightnings penetrating the bowels of the earth others by the violence of the aire vehemently or violently agitated no otherwise than fire is strucke by the collision of a flint and steele Yet it is better to referre the cause of so great an effect unto God the maker of the Universe whose providence piercing every way into all parts of the World enters and governes the secret parts and passages thereof Notwithstanding they seeme to have come neerest the truth who referre the cause of heat in waters unto the store of brimstone conteined in certaine places of the earth because amongst all minerals it hath most fire and matter fittest for the nourishing thereof Therefore to it they attribute the flames of fire which the Sicilian mountaine Aetna continually sends forth Hence also it is that the most part of such waters smell of Sulphur yet others smell of Alom others of nitre others of Tarre and some of Coprosse Now you may know from the admixture of what metalline bodies the waters acquire their faculties by their taste sent colour mud which adheres to the channels through which the water runnes as also by an artificiall separation of the more terrestriall parts from the more subtle For the earthy drosse which subsides or remaines by the boiling of such waters will retaine the faculties and substance of Brimstone Alume and the like minerals besides also by the effects and the cure of these or these diseases you may also gather of what nature they are Wherefore wee will describe each of these kinds of waters by their effects beginning first with the sulphureous Sulphureous waters powerfully heat dry resolve open and draw from the center unto the surface of the body they cleanse the skin troubled with scabs tettars they cease the itching of ulcers and digest exhaust the causes of the gout they help paines of the collicke and hardened spleenes But they are not good to be drunk not onely by reason of their ungratefull smell and taste but also by reason of the malitiousnesse of their substance offensive to the inner parts of the body but chiefly to the liver Aluminous waters taste very astrictively therefore they dry powerfully they have no such manifest heat yet drunke they loose the belly I believe by reason of their heat and nitrous quality they cleanse and stay defluxions and the courses flowing too immoderately they also are good against the tooth-ache eating ulcers and the hidden abscesses of the other parts of the mouth Salt and nitrous waters shew themselves sufficiently by their heat they heat dry bind cleanse discusse attenuate resist putrefaction take away the blackenesse comming of bruises heale scabby and maligne ulcers and helpe all oedematous tumors Bituminous waters heate digest and by long continuance soften the hardened sinewes they are different according to the various conditions of the bitumen that they wash and partake of the qualities thereof Brasen waters that is such as retaine the qualities of brasse heat dry cleanse digest cut binde are good against eating ulcers fistula's the hardnesse of the eye-lids and they waste and eat away the fleshy excrescences of the nose and fundament Iron waters coole dry and bind powerfully therefore they helpe abscesses hardened milts the weaknesses of the stomacke and ventricle the unvoluntary shedding of the urine and the too much flowing termes as also the hot distemper of the liver and kidneyes Some such are in the Lucan territory in Italy Leaden waters refrigerate dry and performe such other operations as lead doth the like may bee said of those waters that flow by chalke plaster and other such mineralls as which all of them take and performe the qualities of the bodies by which they passe Hot waters or bathes helpe cold and moist diseases as the Palsic convulsion the stiffenesse and attraction of the nerves trembling palpitations cold distillations upon the joints the inflation of the members by a dropsie the jaundise by obstruction of a grosse tough and cold humour the paines of the sides collick and kidneies barrennesse in women the suppression of their courses the suffocation of the womb causelesse wearinesse those diseases that spoile the skinne as tettars the leprosie of both sorts the scabbe and other diseases arising from a grosse cold and obstructing humour for they provoke sweats Yet such must shunne them as are of a cholericke nature and have a hot liver for they would cause a cachexia and dropsie by overheating the liver Cold waters or baths heale the hot distemper of the whole body each of the parts therof and they are more frequently taken inwardly than applied outwardly they help the laxnesse of the bowels as the resolution of the retentive faculty of the stomacke entralls kidneies bladder and they also adde strength to them Wherefore they both temper the heat of the liver and also strengthen it they stay the Diarrhaea Dysentery Courses unvoluntary shedding of urine the Gonnorrhaea Sweats and Bleedings In this kinde are chiefly commendable the waters of the Spaw in the country of Liege which inwardly and outwardly have almost the same faculty and bring much benefit without any inconvenience as those that are commonly used in the drinks and broaths of the inhabitants In imitation of naturall baths there may in want of them be made artificiall ones by the infusing and mixing the powders of the formerly described mineralls as Brimstone Alume Nitre Bitumen also you may many times quench in common or raine water iron brasse silver and gold heated red hot and so give them to be drunk by the patient for such waters doe oft times retain the qualities and faculties of the metals quenched in them as you may perceive by the happy successe of such as have used them against the Dysentery Besides these there are also other bathes made by art of simple water sometimes without the admixture of any other thing but otherwhiles with medicinall things mixed therewith and boiled therein But after what manner soever these bee made they ought to be warme for warm water humects relaxes mollifies the solid parts if at any time they bee too dry hard and tense by the ascititious heat it opens the pores of the skinne digests attracts and discusses fuliginous and acrid excrements remaining betweene the flesh and the skin It is good against sun-burning and wearinesse whereby the similar parts are dried more than is fit To conclude whether we be too hot or cold or too dry or be nauseous we find manifest profit by baths made of sweet or warme water as those that may supply the defect of frictions and exercises for they bring the body to a mediocrity of temper they encrease and strengthen the native colour and by procuring sweat discusse flatulencies therefore they are very usefull in hecticke feavers and in the declension of all feavers and against raving and talking
decoction of nervall hearbes boyled in wine and Vinegar then wrapt up in some napkin and to the feete an earthen bottle filled with the sayd decoction stopt and wrapt up with some linnen clothes also that somentations much be made upon the thigh and the whole Legge of a decoction made of Sage Rosemary Time Lavender flowers of Camomile melilot and red Roses boyled in white wine and a Lixivium made with oake ashes with a little Vinegar and halfe an handfull of salt This decoction hath vertue to attenuate incise resolve and drye the grosse viscous humor The sayd fomentations must bee used a long while to the end there may bee a greater resolution for being so done a long time together more is resolved than attracted because the humor contained in the part is liquified the skin and the flesh of the muscles is ratified Thirdly that there must be applyed upon the rumpe a great emplaster made of the red desiccative and Vnguentum Comitissae of each equall parts incorporated together to the end to appease his paine and dry up the Vlcer also to make him a little downe pillow which might beare his rumpe aloft without leaning upon it Fourthly to refresh the heate of his kidneys one should apply the unguent called Refrigerans Galeni freshly made and upon that the leaves of water Lillies Then a napkin dipt in Oxycrate wrung out and often renewed and for the corroboration and strengthning of his heart a refreshing medicine should bee applyed made with oyle of nenuphar and unguent of Roses and a little saffron dissolved in Rose Vinegar and Treakle spread upon a peece of Scarlet For the Sincope which proceded from the debilitation of the naturall strength troubling the braine Also he must use good nourishment full of juice as rere egges Damaske prunes stewed in wine and sugar also Panado made with the broth of the great pot of which I have already spoken with the white fleshy parts of Capons and Partridge wings minced small and other rostmeate easie of disgestion as Veale Goate Pigeon Partridge and the like The sauce should be Orenges Verjuice Sorrell sharpe Pomegranets and that he should likewise eate of them boyled with good hearbes as Sorrell Lettice Purslan Succory Boglosse Marygolds and other the like At night hee might use cleansed barley with juice of Nenuphar and Sorrell of each two ounces with five or six graines of Opium and of the foure cold seedes bruised of each halfe an ounce which is a remedy nourishing and medicinall which will provoke him to sleepe that his bread should be of Meslin neither too new nor too stale and for the great paine of his head his haire must be cut and rub his head with Oxirrhodinum luke warme and leave a double cloth wet therein upon it likewise should be made for him a frontall of oyle of Roses Nenuphar Poppies and a little opium and Rose Vinegar and a little Campher and to renew it sometimes Moreover one should cause him to smell to the flowers of Henbane and Nenuphar bruised with Viniger Rosewater and a little campher wrapped in a handkercher which shall be often and a long time held to his nose to the end that the smell may be communicated to the braine and these things to be continned till that the great inflammation and paine be past for feare of cooling the braine too much Besides one may cause it to raine artificially in powring downe from some high place into a kettle and that it make such a noyse that the patient may heare it by these meanes sleepe shall bee provoked on him And as for the retraction of his Legge that there was hope to redresse it when evacuation was made of the matter and other humors contained in the thigh which by their extention made by repletion have drawne backe the Leg which might be remedied in rubbing the whole joynt of the knee with Vnguentum Dialthâ—a and oyle of Lillies and a little aquâ— vitae and upon it to be laid blacke wooll with the grease thereof Likewise putting in the hamme a feather-pillow foulded in double and by little and little to make his Leg to stretch out All which my discourse was well approoved of by the Physitions and Chirurgions the consultation ended wee went to the sicke patient and I made him three apertions in his thigh from whence issued out great quantity of matter and Sanies and at the same time I drew out some scales of bones nor would I let out too much aboundance of the said matter for feare of too much decaying his strength Then two or three houres after I caused a bed to bee made neare his owne where there were cleane white sheets then a strong man lifted him into it and rejoyced much in that hee was taken out of his foule stinking bed Soone after hee demanded to sleepe which hee did almost foure houres where all the people of the house began to rejoyce cheefely Monsieur the Duke of Ascot his brother The dayes following I made injections into the bottome and cavities of the Vlcer made with Aegyptiacum dissolved sometimes in aquâ— vitae and sometimes in wine I applyed to mundifie and dry the spongie and loose flesh bolsters at the bottome of the sinuosityes hollow tents of Lead that the Sanies might have passage out and upon it a great Emplaster of Diacalcitheos dissolved in wine likewise I did rowle it with such dexterity that he had no paine which being appeaâ—ed the fever began much to diminish Then I made him drinke wine moderately allayed with water knowing that it restores and quickens the spirits and all the things which we rested on in the consultation were accomplisht according to time and order and his paines and fever ceased he began to grow better and discharged two of his Chirurgions and one of his Physitions so that we were but three with him Now I remained thereabout two monethes which was not without seeing divers sicke people as well rich as poore which came to me three or foure leagues about They gave meate and drinke to the needy all which he recommended to me and prayed me also for his sake to helpe them I protest I did not refuse any one and did to them what I possibly could whereof he was joyfull Then when I saw he began to mend I told him hee must have a consort of Violons a jester to make him merry which he did in one moneth we so wrought that he could hold himselfe up in a chaire and made himselfe to be carried and walke in his garden and at the gate of his Castle to see the people passe by The Countrey people of two or three leagues about knowing they could see him came the feast day male and female to sing and dance pell mell in joy of his amendment allbeing very glad to see him which was not done without good laughing and drinking He caus'd still a barrell of beere to be given them and they dranke all merrily to
The head is mooved by 14. Muscles The 8. Muscles of the necke The Muscles of the chest 18. The 8. muscles of the lower belly The 6. or 8. of the loines The two Cremasters of the Testicles The three of the fundament The muscles of the Arme 〈◊〉 generall 32. The muscles of the legge in generall 50. What an Impostume vulgarly so called is The materiall causes of Impostumes or unnaturall tumors After what manner tumours against nature are chiefely made Three causes of heat Foure causes of paine Two causes of weaknesse Two causes of congestion The principall signes of tumors are drawne from the essence of the part Lib. 2. ad Glaue 13. method The proper signes of a sanguine tumor of a plegmaticke of a melancholick of a cholerick The knowledge of tumors by their motion and exacerbation Lib. 2. Epidem The beginning of an impostume The encrease The State The signes of a tumor to be terminated by resolution The signes of suppuration The signes and causes of a tumor terminated in a Scyrrhus The signes of a Gangrene at hand Of disappearance of a tumor and the signes thereof Cold tumors require a longer cure Tumors made of matter not naturall are more difficultly cured Hippo. Aph. 8. sect 6. What must be considered in undertaking the cure of tumors What we must understand by the nature of the part What we must understand by the faculty of the part What we must consider in performing the cure What things disswade us from using repercussives What tumors may be reduced to a Phlegmon Which to an Erysipelas Which to an Oëdema Which to a Scyrrhus What a true Phlegmon is A Phlegmon one thing and a Phlegmonous tumor another Gal. lib. de tumoribus 2. ad Glanc Hippoc. lib. de vâ—ln cap. Gal. lib. de tumor praeier naturam The cause of a beating paine in a Phlegmon Comm. ad Aph. 21. sect 7. Another kinde of Pulsation in a phlegmon The primitive causes of a Plegmon The Antecedent and conjunct The signes of a Phlegmon Gal. l. de Tum What kinde of diet must be prescribed in a Plegmon How to divert the defluxion of humors The paine must be asswaged When we must use repercussives What locall medicines we must use in the encrease What in the state What in the declination The correction of the accidents The discommodities of paine Medicines aswaging paine Narcoticke medicineâ— The signes of a Phlegmon turning to an Abscesse Lib. 〈◊〉 ad Glauâ— Cap. 7. Suppurative medicines The signes of pâ—… or matter Hip. lib. de Fistulâ— What the cure must be after the opening of the Abscesse Detersive Medicines Vngâ—entum de Appiâ— The â—eaver of a Phlegmon What a Feaver is What an Ephemera or Diarye is The causes thereof Aphorism 55. lib. 4. The signes of a Diarie Why in a Diarye the vrines like to these in health The unputride Synochus The cure of a Diary feaver The use of wine in a Diarye How a putride Synochus is caused Phlebotomy necessary in a putride Sâ—â—â—chuâ— What benefit we may reape by drawing blood even to fainting Why we must give a clyster presently after bloods letting What Syrupes profitable in this case Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much blood When drinking of water is to be permitted in a putride Synochus The definition of an Erysipelas Gal. Cap. 2. lib. 14 Meth. med 2. ad Glau. Two kinds of Erysipelas Gal. lib. 2. ad Glaue Hip. Apho. 79 Sect. 7. Aph. 25 Sect. 6. Aph. 43. Sect. 3. Gal 〈◊〉 Method 4 Things to be performed in curing an Erysipelas In what Erysipelas it is convenient to let blood in what not What topicke medicines are fit to be used it the beginning of an Erysipelas What caution must be had in the use of narcoticke medicines Resolving and strengthening medicines What a Herpes is what be the kinds there of Gal. 2. ad Glauronem What the Herpes miltaris is What the exedens Three intentions in curing Herpes A rule for healing ulcers conjoined with tumors The force of Vnguentum enulatum cum Mrcurâ—â— Medicines fit for restraining eating and spreading ulcers A vulgar description of an intermitting Tertian feaver The causes of Tertian feavers The signes of an intermitting Tertian The Symptomes Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit The Diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a certain may use wine The time of feeding the patient When to purge the patient When the time is fit to use a Bath What kinds of evacuations 〈◊〉 most fit in a Tertian Sudorifickâ— When blood must be lot Aphor. 29. Sect. 2. Gal. lib. de tumo praeter naturs What an Oedema is The differentces of Oedemas By how many waies Phlegme becomes not naturall The Causes The signes The prognosticks How Oedemas are terminated The intentions of curing Oedema's The diet Exercise What to be observed in the use of venery 6. Epid. sect 5â— sen 23. Lib. 2. ad Glaus cap. 3. A rovvler What caution to be had in application of Emplaisters In what places flatulencies may be gathered In what flatulent tumors differ from a true Oedema The causes of flatulent Tumors The signes of such Tumors Diet. Thingâ— strengthning the parts Medicines evacuating the conjunct matter Galensâ—omentation â—omentation Corrobotating medicines The signes of a waterâ—â—h Tumor Why a wateterish tumor must be opened with an instrument A History In what an Atheroma Steatoma and Meliceris differ Of Chirurgâ—ry to be used to these Tumors What the cause may be that vvee sometimes sinde infectae in these Tumors What the Testudo or Talparia is What the Nata is What a Gandula What Nodus What a Glanglion is The causes Signes Their cure at the beginning Plates of lead rubbed with Quick-silver A resolving plaister Things to wast or consume the bag The manner to take away Wenâ— A History What Wens to be cured by ligature Which dangerous to cure A History The matter of a Wen is sometimes taken for a Cancer Another History How you may know a Wen from a Cancer What a Ganglion properly so called is The causes What Ganglia may not be cured with iron Instruments What the Scrophulae or Kings-Evill is Their materiall cause How they differ from other glanduleus tumors Their cure by diet Emollient and resolving medicines Seppuratives A note to be observed in opening Scropulous tumors Naturall heats the cause of suppuration The Chirurgicall manner of cuting Scrophulae How an intermitting Quotidian haopens upon oedematous tumors The cause of a Quotidian â—ea The Signes How children come to be subject to Quotidian feavers How phlegmaticke humors happen to be generated by hot and dry meats The Symptomes of quptidians The manner of the pulse and heate in a Quotidian Criticall sweats The urine Why Quodidiansare oft times long In to what diseases a quartaine usually changes How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian Diet. When the use of spiced and salted