it be not given cold lest Gripings Flux and a pain at the Heart such like Maladies should be caused thereby To such who have weak stomachs a pain at their heart I do use to give the liberty when their Fever abates to drink Mosel or Rhenish-wine with Sugar the juice of Limons provided that they take it in a moderate quantity But I believe they do err very much who prescribe to their Patients whilst the Fever continues still very high some sort of French Wine either alone by it self or mixt with their Sudorificks That Oriental Stone call'd Lapis Porcinus or Pedro Porco is of very great use if it be steeped for a while in your ordinary Drink for it strongly provokes Sweat and very much refresheth the Heart This Stone if I mistake not is generated in the Gall of an Hog for it is exceeding bitter and though it be very hard yet every time it is infused it abates somewhat of its quantity which is discoverable by the Tincture which it imparts to the Liquor Nor is the Gall of a man sometimes void of such Stones which are like unto those taken out of an Hog in savour hardness and colour and we might find them too perhaps in their efficacy likewise if we thought fit to make trial of them This Fever is often accompanied with drowsiness which forbids the use of the principal Sudorificks such as Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. because there is Opium in their composition which makes them not so effectual for the preventing of sleep It is more requisite to use this following which is agreeable for dispelling the Vapours which infect the Head and the heat about the Heart Take Salt of Rue of Scordium Prunella of each half a scruple Vitriolated Tartar 8 grains our Prophylactick Water an ounce Balm-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Betony an ounce Mix them for a draught Let Sweat be thereby provoked and let it be the care of the Attendants that after the first or second day the Patient may be kept from sleep if it be found that he hath strength to bear it There is sometimes joyn'd with the Fever continual Watchings and a great pain of the Head I do not use to be much concerned for the watchings although it should continue for the first three days without intermission for it often falls out that by the use of Sudorificks only the pain is the first day abated on the 2d becomes tolerable and on the third is quite taken away Opium hath in it the virtue of causing Sweat and is a great Ingredient in Treacle Diascordium and Mithridate which without it would not in my judgment have that Sudorifick quality for which they are now noted It is also reckoned by several Authors amongst those Medicines which are famous for dispelling of Poison whose use is very requisite in all malignant Fevers nor do I believe that there can any other Medicine be named which gives so present relief to the Patient as Opium concerning the operation whereof they are able to give a better account who have been frequent and curious in the use of it I have sometimes in this case though contrary to Custom given it sparingly when I have found the sick person not to sleep in the first second or third days But when he hath waked for six or seven days together and found a great decay of strength this following Prescription taken every quarter of an hour by a spoonful till sleep hath seized on him hath afforded great relief and the sleep produced thereby hath been undisturbed and of long continuance Take our Prophylactick-water an ounce half Borage-water an ounce Cinamon-water three drams Confection of Hyacinth a dram Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd three drams Laudanum Opiat two grains Mix them You may safely make use of Opium after the manner before mentioned but in Gachectick infirm Bodies whosoever gives it too boldly or is fearful of prescribing it at all discovers that he understands not its Virtue and Efficacy Before I come to the use of Opiat Laudanum I endeavour to ease the pain of the Head by these following viz. by applying Ground-Ivy bruised to the nape of the Neck and to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands this or some such like Composition Take Leaves of Rue a handful and half sowre Leaven two ounces Pigeons dung an ounce common Salt half an ounce Elder-Vinegar as much as sufficeth to make it into a Poultice to be applied to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands Or Take Bolearmenick seal'd Earth common white Chalk of each half an ounce Vinegar of Marigolds as much as sufficeth Apply it as before To the Forehead I have often applied the Powder of Cloves moistened with the Spirit of Wine for I take Vinegar to be hurtful as are also all Emulsions Vomiting and the Hiccough is another symptom of the Plague It hath been observed by several who have been so curious as to open Bodies which have died of the Plague that Carbuncles have often appear'd in the Stomach and amongst the Entrails whose testimony is not to be rejected since it is so agreeable both to Reason and Experience These If they are not the Cause of the Vomiting and Hiccough may be easily removed by a spoonful of this following Preparation taken cold every quarter of an hour Take Mint-water our Prophylactick-water of each an ounce and half Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Hyacinth a dram Salt of Coral a scruple Syrup of Myrtles half an ounce Rose-Julep half an ounce Mix them By the use hereof the Vomiting is usually stay'd especially if the Stomach be sometimes anointed with this following Oyl Take Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression a dram and half Oyl of distill'd Mace half a dram Oyl of Wormwood a dram Mix them In the mean while let the sick person forbear to drink too plentifully and as soon as the Vomit is stayed let him make use of some good Sudorifick Another Symptom of the Plague is a great Flux which is usually a sign that Death approacheth but when the sick person hath not voided meer blood nor any thing of a bloody substance I have sometimes found these following Prescriptions to be successful Let him abstain from all things that are either acid or salt which except in this case are of great use in the Plague and likewise from drinking much But if his thirst be so exceeding great that he cannot bear it let him take one two or three spoonfuls of this following Mixture Take tormentil-Tormentil-Roots an ounce Red Roses a handful Shaving of Harts-horn a dram Seeds of Sorrel and Mirtle of each a dram Boil them in Smiths water and to nine ounces of the Liquor add of the Confection of Hyacinth a dram Syrup of Mirtles an ounce Mix them Many have also from Treacle alone received great benefit by swallowing a little of it every four hours till they have taken the quantity of a dram as likewise
and Bleeding it be perfectly cured The true Cure is performed in this manner good Diet Purging Bleeding and Wound-Drinks effect here very much but the Haemorrhoids flowing more Natural Baths do oftentimes cure the greatest Fistula's in defect of them may be prepared Artificial of Brimstone Alom Salt and Tartar boil'd in Water afterwards let the Fistula be drest according to Art Externally the Part is to be corroborated the Humor contained in the Sinus to be dried but especially the Callosity of the edges is to be taken away therefore are Medicines for this purpose to be us'd by whose help many Fistulas have been cured but these not being sufficient an actual Cautery is to be applied having first divided the edges for which purpose the Syringotomon of Fabritius Aquapendents is a most useful Instrument Medicines for a Fistula Roots of Hellebore Cuckospittle Gentain Birthwort Euphorbium Juice of Celandine Smallage Dragons Spunge Flax strong Vinegar Lye Lime Alom Vitriol Verdigrease Orpine Mercury-precipitate and sublimate the Phlegm and Spirit of Vitriol Ung. Egyptiacum Fuscum A Corroborating and drying Plaister Take Mastick Frankincense Pomegranat-rinds of each two drams Dust of a rotten oaken Posts finely searc'd three drams Red-Roses Myrtle-berries of each a dram Yellow Wax Rosin of the Pine Oyl of St. John's-wort of each an ounce Make it into a Plaister An Oyntment Take the Juice of Smallage two ounces of Celandine two drams of Onions one dram Honey of Roses three ounces Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Another Take Juice of Flower-de-luce an ounce of Celandine half an ounce Red-Wine six drams Honey four ounces Let them boil a little then add of Aloes Mirrhe of each half a dram White-Vitriol a scruple Litharge two drams Turpentine a little Make it into an Ointment Another more Excellent Take Powder of Briony-roots a dram Frankincense Mirrhe of each two drams Verdigreace half a dram Sal-Armoniac a scruple Hogs-grease Oyl of Olives of each as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment Another of greater Vertue Take White Vitriol four ounces Alom Verdigreace of each half an ounce Strong Vinegar six ounces Calcine them in a luted Vessel and powder it Mixt it with Ung. Aegyptiacum and arm the Tent with it The brown Ointment of Felix Wurtz is a most excellent Medicine in this case if it be reduced by boiling into the form of a Suppository and so put into the Fistula You will do well to prepare it your self for 't is not rightly made by every one The following Suppositories are excellent especially in Fistulas of the Fundament and other soft Parts Take Agrimony half a handful Scordium a pugil Flowers of St. John's-wort two pugils French-Barley an ounce boil them in White-Wine and strain them adding of Virgins-Honey four ounces Boil them to a thickness then add of Male Frankincense choice Mastick of each two drams Red Myrrhe a dram and half Sarcocols three drams white Vitriol a dram Make them into Suppositories CHAP. VI. Of Burns BUrning is a Solution of Continuity caused by an External burning-Matter always hurting the Scarf-skin for the most part the Skin and sometimes also the Muscles Veins Nerves and Tendons Difference It admits of three sorts 1. Sometimes there is a Heat and Pain at least in the Part affected caused from burning and except Remedies are presently applied the Scarf-skin is separated and divided from the Skin and Blisters are raised which contains in them clear Water 2. Sometimes the Skin it self is burnt then presently a Blister is raised but no Escar made 3. Sometimes also the subjacent flesh is burnt here the Skin is black and void of sense and after the Escar falls off leaves a deep Ulcer The Differences spring from the Causes for Lead Tin Iron Powder Lightning do vehemently burn Oyl Vernice Pitch and Wax less Straw Water Flax and the like least of all Signs by what hath been spoken are manifest enough Prognostick A deep and great Burn very seldom but leaves ugly Scars behind it Burning from Lightning is for the most part Mortal That which penetrates to the great Vessels generally occasions a Gangrene if to the Intestines incurable Burns of the Eyes and Groins very dangerous If a hairy part be burnt it remains bald never hair grows there again Cure The chief care must be to draw out the fire by which in a light burning you preserve from Blisters and Ulcers in a great one you free from all danger therefore what Medicine soever is at hand is presently to be used let the hurt Part be held to the Fire and fomented with warm Water Ink Lye or let there be applied Soot or an Onion beaten with Salt or any the following Medicines in Burning Roots of White Lillies Liquoras Leaves of Bete Coleworts Hemp Onions Garlick Henbane Tabacco Leeks St. John's-wort Flowers of Camomile Melilot Elders Seeds of Quinces of Line Camphire Myrrhe Olibanum Soot Whites of Eggs Hogs-fat Pigeons-dung Sheeps-dung Hens-dung Nitre Ceruse Ink Brine Lye Oyl of Nuts Rape white Ointment with Camphire Plaister of Red-Lead An Ointment Take Juice of Oniâ—ns two ounces Venice-Sope three ounces common Salt two drams Hogs-grease two ounces Washt Lime three drams Oyl of Rape Mussilage of Quince-seeds of each an ounce Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Liniment Another by whose means a poor Souldier became rich Take Leaves of new gathered Sage a handful of Plantain two handfuls Fresh Butter without Salt six ounces New Hens-dung and the whitest as you can three ounces fry them together for the space of a quarter of an hour press them hard out and reserve the prest-out Liquor for your use This Ointment is excellent in Burning of all sorts even in the greatest it being melted let the hurt Part be often anointed with it in a day then lay over it a fresh Leaf of Colewort Bete or Plantain If any Pustules are raised and yet the Burnt not great open them the third day and let not the opening be prolonged further lest there follow a Corrosion If the Skin be wrinkled and dried all the Pustules are presently to be cut then let the precedent Ointment or this following be applied Take Oyl of Violets white Lillies sweet Almonds Butter without Salt of each an ounce Mussilage of Fleawort-seed Meal of Marshmallows of each an ounce and half Saffron half a Dram Soot Ung. Basilicon of each an ounce Make it into an Ointment If there be an Escar let its Separation be endeavoured the first or second day for which the last above-prescribed Ointment is exceeding good but if it separates not then Incision is to be made into the sound Flesh When 't is separated it is to be cured as a common Ulcer If there be danger of a Gangrene or already present it requires its Cure which is already treated of in its place Where the Eye brows Lips Fingers or Toes are burnt a clean Linnen Cloth or Plate of Lead is to be put
Sugar therewith and of this let him drink a good draught and it will cool and refresh him Besides take some of the guts of Hens and some slices of Radish sprinkle them with Vinegar and Salt and bind them to the soles of his feet this will draw away the heat But let not the Radish lye too long upon them because it will give a stink that may increase the head-ach wherewith the People that have the Plague are commonly troubled enough without provoking it Moreover you will do well to tye about his wrists some Rue beaten with Vinegar Anoint his Loyns and Back-bone with the Unguent of Roses or with fresh Butter but if there appear any Spots forbear to anoint him lest they should be driven in You will do well to have Epithemata of good things about you as of Rose water and Elder-vinegar to lay over the Heart with which mix some Camphir But if you find any thing of Specks c. broke out you must use no wet thing Anoint his Heart with Oyl of Scorpions take the Oyl of Sea-blossoms and of those Earth-worms that appear after rain of each six ounces of St Johns-wort Oyl two ounces of fresh Elder-blossoms and Rue each a handful and an half of the Acetum of Marigold-flowers and Roses each about three ounces of live Spiders forty five Boil all these together till the Vinegar be so qualified that when 't is thrown into the fire it cause no cracking there Then strain it and in this strained Oyl put a matter of five and twenty Spiders more of the biggest sort and add to it of Camphir dissolved in the Spirit of Roses half a drachm let it stand in Balneo Mariae or upon hot embers for twelve hours and then put to it of Treacle and Mithridate of each half an ounce and let them work together With this Oyl anoint the eight Pulses viz. both Temples behind both Ears both Hands and both Knees as also the Heart And this is an excellent Succedaneum to Scorpion-oyl much used by the Germans Besides you must refresh and strengthen the Patient with convenient Meat and Drink I mean with good Flesh or Barley-broath with a little Vinegar in it to make it savoury to him who will have appetite to little else till he have shaken off this venomous Distemper which when he hath done his stomach will be so keen that you will find work enough to keep him from surfeiting Be also careful to keep thy Patients Body open if he be obstructed use a Clister or take Butter or Hogs-grease mixing a little Salt with it or if it be to be gotten a little Mice-trickles and put it into his bowels Physick at the mouth for this purpose is not always safe When the Patient is discharged of the venom a little liquor of stew'd Prunes with some Senna-leaves in it will do well for opening the body Some fresh Butter eaten in the morning or melted in warm Broath and taken down is wont also to keep the body soluble The Drink of these Patients may be Water with some Bread soaked in it or take of such Water wherein Bread hath been soaked one quart and a little Vinegar with two or three spoonfuls of Kitchin-sugar mingling it well together If you have no Sugar use such Water with Vinegar alone This affords good Drink in malignant Fevers Among the Romans it was drunk by the Souldiers under the name of Posca You may also take a handful of well cleaned plantain-Plantain-roots and boil them up in three quarts of Water and then decant the Water which though it be somewhat bitter yet 't is very good in Fevers and a good Drink in hot Distempers If you have Oyl of Vitriol let a few drops of it fall into clear Water mingling it well and you will have a factitious Sawer-brun or Acidula But use no Metalline Vessel for this purpose With this kind of Water many People have been served in all sorts of Fevers the Oyl of Vitriol in such Distempers if rightly used being very beneficial But if a Man should have with it any Pulmonick Disease in that case he must forbear acid things and use Liquorice and content himself with Ptisane Nor is it at all good to use acids in Pestilential Pleurisies And since on this occasion we mention this case and we having above given warning not easily to blood in Pestilential Diseases yet may Venae-section be sometimes upon good consideration used in that Pleurisie provided it be done in the very beginning and the Patient be strong and full of Blood Yet this is not to lessen the blood but only to give it vent but before bleeding the Patient is to sweat by taking some of the above specified Antidotes If the Patient have violent Head-ach lay on his head Vine-leaves or fresh Cabbage-leaves and if you have no Alablaster-salve take two parts of Vinegar and one part of Oyl of Olives the Sea-blossoms Oyl and Elder-Vinegar were better dip long rags of linnen therein and having well squeez'd them again lay them lukewarm over the face and temples Even Vinegar alone is good Of such Applications you may make many of Acetum of Roses Elder-blossoms and the like with a little Camphir The expressed Milk of Peaches is also very effectual in this case If at the going off of this Distemper a hot defluxion should fall into the Eyes take Camphir and infuse it in water and often moisten the Eyes therewith and if it should be cold and windy weather you will do well to keep your self out of the open Air and not to let this water dry up in your Eyes in the cold wind In case of having lost thy hearing take of thy own Urine and with it wash thy Ears within but withal dry them very well because that moisture is very noxious to the Ears And it often happens that after the Hungarian Sickness People grow deaf or hard of hearing Others put the water of Carduus-benedictus distilled with Wine into the Ears or the Oyl of bitter Almonds If thy Throat swell or the Palate of thy Mouth be fallen down gargarize thy Throat with warm Milk wherein Figgs have been boil'd or sweetned with Sugar The Flowers of Phyllirea or Mock-privet which grows in the Hedges boiled and used for a gargarism heals also a sore Throat The same doth the middle rind of Oxyacantha or Haw-thorn if boiled with a little Allom dissolved in the Decoction If you have the Juice of Mulberries mix a little Honey of Roses with it and often take a little thereof The Roots of Sloes boiled in red Wine and the Mouth often washed therewith is also very good If thou hast the Squinancy boil Scabious in Meath and drink thereof warm when strain'd Beat Turnips and fry them in Butter or Oyl and clap them in a cloth round about thy Neck If thou cast up blood take Mouse-ear Ground-Ivy Cumfrey boil them in half Wine and half Water or in Meat and Drink often of it But if
slime The use of Salt-petre thus prepared removeth also the Inflammation of the Heart especially if it be melted upon Lead and then proceeded with as before For Lead is a considerable cooler of which cooling quality the Niter whilst it is melting upon it taketh in not a little Let then your Lead melt and when 't is melted dissolve the Niter upon it and then to purifie it cast some Brimstone into it as was said above till it be cleansed from all impurity and then give of it to thy Patient two or three times a day according as need shall require Otherwise take live Crafishes and fresh Housleek beat them together in a Mortar squeeze out the Juyce with it mix a little Sal-Armoniack or a pretty deal of thy prepared Niter make a Potion of it and give of it even cold to thy Patient repeating this several times every eight or ten hours once according as you shall see occasion Or take fresh Lard if it be salted draw it through hot Water to unsalt it and cut a slice of it two fingers large and of the thickness of a knives back put this into the Mouth of thy Patient it is an excellent Remedy against this Inflammation of which I shall give the reason hereafter I have seen wonders done with it But if thy Patient do rave then fasten this slice of Lard with a Thred and Needle to his Shirt or Doublet lest he swallow it Or take fresh Butter and put it in cold Water and of it give thy Patient at a time the quantity of a Hasel-nut to hold it upon his Tongue and let it melt there which will keep the Tongue always moist And if thou work among this Butter some of thy prepared Niter it hath a wonderful effect though the taste be not pleasant I promised above to explain the Reason of the Cure of these Inflammations When you take a Gargarism of the Waters of Night-shade Wood-sorrel Knot-grass Endive Housleek and the like mingled with Vinegar you do well but this is not enough the reason is If you wet a piece of Leather you make it indeed limber but when it comes to be dry it grows hard and shrinks except you grease it over with some fatty matter and then it will remain smooth So it is with the Tongue though it be made clean with Gargarisms yet will it become again rough and untoward unless some fatness be used For which cause I have directed to use Lard or Butter mixt with Niter If the Almonds be swelled thou must abstain from all sowre things and prepare a Gargarism of Figgs St. Johns Bread Mallows-flowers Liquorice Elder-canes mixing with it some Rose-honey or Juyce of Walnuts or the Rob Diamorom gargling often with it seeing that this symptom is a dangerous thing for when the Throat swells of it few Patients do escape death especially if it be a Pestilential Squinancy And in case there appear any Tumor outwardly take fine Flower Milk and Saffron making a Pulse of it and to keep it from growing hard mix with it Althea-salve or Hounds-tongue-salve the Oyl of blew Violets Mullein white Lillies Camomile or the like adding a little Oyl of Scorpions to it and applying this outwardly Make also a Scraper of Alder-wood if it may be had if not other wood will serve though Alder be best Throw it into cold Water and let it lye there using it as often as there is need yet take heed of making thy Tongue sore or raw CHAP. VI. Of Fevers Belly-aches Tumors of the Belly Yellow-Jaundise and Distempers of the Liver IN Camps there is nothing more frequent than Fevers of the Stomach arising from ill Dyet which Souldiers are often put to for want of better eating what they can get Cheese Herbs Flesh half boiled stale and musty Bread and the like Hence is gather'd a morbifick matter in the Stomach which causeth putrefaction and consequently Stomach-fevers In this case thou art first to purge And for that purpose make use of the Pulvis solutivus de tribus recommended above taking the weight of a Ducat or a Ducat and an half in warm Broath and fasting two or three hours after it Or fetch from the Apothecary of the Tabulatum Diaturbith cum Rhubarbaro or the Diaphoenicon in tabulis taking half an ounce at a time and keeping thy Chamber Or infuse Sena-leaves in Wormwood-wine and drink a small glass-ful of it an hour before thy breakfast This will also serve very well especially if some Carduus benedictus have also been fermented in the Wormwood-wine If thou art troubled with Gripings or Inflation of the Belly take of Zedoar or Angelica-roots or Orange-peels cut them small and take at a time the weight of a Ducat in hot Broath If the Inflation be much take in the morning the quantity of a Hasel-nut of Mithridate fasting an hour after it and if the pains of thy Belly prevail make a Decoction of Wormwood in Wine and drink of it as hot as thou canst this will allay the pains and give thee some stools Mean time abstain from raw Fruit and Beer Milk Herbs and such like If thou art swollen take half a drachm of Rubarb and about the same quantity or a little less of Mechocan reduce it to powder and take it in Wormwood-wine or warm Broath in the morning fasting and eat nothing within an hour or two after Be careful to take down some Treacle in the morning fasting but you are first to be purged Otherwise make a Decoction of the Roots of Elecampane and Pimpernel or Swallow-wort in Wine and drink a warm draught of it mornings it will provoke Urine If thou canst bear amongst it Wormwood Carduus benedictus or Centory add them in the Decoction and it is a good potion for the Liver An Herb call'd by the Latins Euphatorium Avicennae in English I think Common Hemp-Agrimony hath a great operation in swelled People drinking of the Decoction thereof made in Wine Besides use in this case Parsley and smallage-Smallage-roots in thy meat Boil Horse-radish and drink of the Decoction warm in the morning Thy ordinary drink is to be a water in which hath been boiled a good quantity of Cummin Annis or Fennel You may also now and then drink a little Wine swelled people having no great heat in them From these obstructions of the Liver and Mesaraic Veins comes difficulty of Breathing and a dry Cough which occasions the Inflation of the Belly and helps to entertain the crudities and indigestions Mean time there useth to follow upon this the Yellow Jaundise For this take the Roots of Cyclamen or Sow-bread reduce them to powder and take the weight of half a ducat in Meath or Wine mixt with a little Honey sweating upon it and you shall find your sheets discoloured of a yellowish colour In the same manner make use of the seed of Aquileja or Columbine I have reduced these three to powder and mixt them together and given of it the weight of
a ducat to sweat which hath proved very successful Orange-peels used in like manner do also much good in this case The bitter Centory boiled in Meath and a good draught drank of it warm in the morning is also very good Likewise a Decoction of the white Hore-hound and Chicory-roots is also used to good purpose in this case These things expel also Worms if any do lodge within thee for which may also be used the Souldiers Pills of Aloe called Marocostinae In this case Vinegar of Squills is also an excellent remedy taking of it in the morning early a spoonful two or three and exercising after it It will open the Breast and make you expectorate phlegm and slime in abundance If you be troubled with Wind and Gripings of the Guts be careful to have your Body soluble Boil Calamus cut small in Broath drink of it hot putting a little Angelica or Masterwort Do this mornings and evenings and beware of drinking cold and abstain from all Milk keeping your self very warm especially about the Feet which you will do well to bathe with a Decoction made of Asarabacca Camomile wild Trefoil wild Marjerom wild Thyme putting a little Salt into it For your drink boil Cummin Annis or Fennel in Water and now and then a glass of Wine may do well These Gripings may also be cured with drinking very bitter Wormwood-wine as hot as you can endure it This is also opening If you boil Elecampane and Orange-peels with the Wormwood it will have the greater effect And if you add to it Allium Sylvestre Crow-Garlick you have an excellent Medicine for this purpose This I have used my self and found present relief from it when in a very hard Winter upon a Journey I was taken with these Gripings 'T is indeed a very unpleasant potion exceeding bitter especially being to be drunk hot but the good effects will make amends for that If the pains should not cease after all this mix with it the quantity of a Hasel-nut of Treacle or Mithridate and so drink it off together If you can get Malvasy mix a little Oyl of Olives with it and drink of it warm Oyl of sweet Almonds would be better one half of that and the other of Malvasy though these things perhaps will not so easily be had in a Camp Fresh Butter may serve instead of Oyl Else make a Decoction of Juniper-berries or Laurel-berries and Elecampane in strong Wine and drink a good draught of it mornings and evenings Or reduce the Herb Carduus benedictus to powder and drink its weight of a ducat in warm Malvasy or other strong Wine it will remove the Gripings especially if you mix with it a little Zedoary pulverised For your Meat take Larks if they chance to be in season draw them and fill their bellies with Garlick and so rost and eat them Make a Decoction of Burnet or of Masterwort and Laurel berries in Beer strain it and melt a little Butter in it adding a little Pepper and so drink of it hot For an outward Application take the Oyl of Rue and Wormwood dip Cotton into it and put it warm to thy Navil Or beat Onions and fry them in Dill or Camomile-Oyl wrap it up in a linnen Cloth and apply it to thy Belly where the pain is most violent refreshing it often The Oyl of Laurel-berries mixing a little Juniper-berry-oyl or Nutmeg-oyl with it may be used with great benefit anointing the Navil therewith and afterwards put to the Navil a warm dry bag filled with Bran and Camomile-blossoms Or fry Cow-dung in the Oyl of Dill or of Camomile or of white Lillies and apply it thus to thy Navil keeping thy self and especially thy Leggs very warm If you perceive any Hydropical Distemper in you make a Decoction of Wormwood and Juniper-berries in Wine drink every morning a warm draught of it fasting You may also to very good purpose boil with it Swallow-wort Burnet or succory-Succory-roots adding also to it some Annis or Fennelseed But it will be requisite first of all to purge with Mechoacan and Rhubarb and now and then to repeat this purgation Abstain from Milk Beer Fruit and all raw and obstructing food If you knew how to use Elder you would have an excellent Purge to free your Body from the Hydropical water because the Juyce of the Roots of Elder purgeth Hydropical Persons exceedingly But 't is not so safe to use it unless you do it with great caution because a very little of it taken inwardly purgeth both by stool and vomit like Antimony Half a nutshel full may suffice The like effect you 'l find in Elder-buds boiled and then dressed with Oyl and Vinegar like a Salad eating a very little of it But I advise you not to use too much of it else it will cast you into great faintness The juyce of the Roots of blew Lillies hath the like vertue but is likewise to be used with great discretion Otherwise take Earth-worms and having wash'd them clean in Wine reduce them to powder and take of it for some mornings the weight of half a drachm in warm Broath or Wine mixing a little Rhubarb with it The Swelling of your Leggs may be removed by heating some Tiles and sprinkling them with Wine and clapping them about your Leggs to make them sweat For a swelled Groin take warm Milk wherein Calamus Aromaticus hath been boiled and sweeten it well with Sugar and apply it CHAP. VII Of all sorts of Fluxes as also the Tenasmus or vain endeavour of going to stool and the Haemorrhoid or Piles and Marisca's or sore Fundaments IN Wars and Camps Bloody and other Fluxes are very frequent caused by an irregular and ill dyet and these Distempers especially the Bloody Flux carry away abundance of Men. Where it is to be noted that the Bloody Flux is infectious and very catching Commmon Fluxes and Loosenesses may easily be cured Amongst other Remedies take burnt Harts-horn and take it often in Broath or pulverise Medlar-kernels and take of the powder in Broath likewise Also an Electuary made of Quinces and Sloes will cure them The same does Nutmeg and the Roots of Tormentil Snakeweed or the Roots of Cinquefoil baked in Eggs and eaten Likewise the Seed of Dock broad Plantain item Terra Sigillata or Bolus Armenus and Wheaten-bread coming hot out of the oven and dipt in red Wine and eaten Again Mastick pulverised and put into Almon-milk red Wine or Broath the weight of a drachm is good for such a Looseness especially as comes from indigestion adding a little Nutmeg or Galingal to it Oaken-leaves also or the Rinds of Pear-trees with a little Mace boiled in Wine and drunk cureth common Fluxes Again Bursa Pastoris Shepherds-Purse boiled in steel-Steel-water with a little Coriander and drunk is also very good and so are Crafishes boiled in Vinegar and the scales beaten to powder taking a drachm of it mornings and evenings either in red Wine or in Broath wherein in red-hot Steel hath
been several times quenched Hawes also boiled and made into a thick Electuary and strained is beneficial if taken in the morning fasting and an hour or so before supper the quantity of a Walnut Besides take new Milk with its Cream on it quench therein divers times red-hot Pebble-stones so that the Milk may grow hot of it then mix with it two or three well-beaten Yolks of Eggs two ounces of Sugar melting in it an ounce and an half of the Suet of a Deer or Stagg and about half an ounce of Album-graecum using it for a Clyster which cleanseth and healeth the Guts and allays the sharpness of the Blood and other corrosive humors that annoy the Bowels But take heed of not stopping too suddenly the Bloody Flux or any other Laske for if you do the annoyance will remain in the Body and cause Impostumes Difficulty of breathing and other dangerous Distempers Wherefore consult with thy strength and if that be considerable make not too much hast yet keep a bridle upon it so as to be able to stop it when there is need Mean time if it be without a Fever or heat you may do much with new Milk drinking it also mornings and evenings warm some red-hot Stones having been quenched therein and some Sugar mixed with it to prevent curdling in your Stomach This Medicine was known to the famous Grecian Physicians Aetius Alexander Trallianus and Galenus himself l. 10. de Simpl. Med. facult If you add a little Album-graecum to it 't will be the better I have my self done much good with thus prepared Milk but then there must be no Fever which if there be you 'l easily perceive it by a great thirst quick pulse hot hands and little sleep c. For bloody Fluxes are not wont to be accompanied with shaking Fevers but only with hot fits which spend more of the Patients strength in an hour than shaking Agues in several days which is to be well heeded Eggs boiled hard in Vinegar and given to the Patient that is troubled either with the Bloody or any other Flux it will be stopped The Roots of Tormentil or of Snake-weed pulverised and this powder drunk in a convenient vehicle the weight of a drachm is one of the most approved remedies against these Fluxes Tormentil-roots being very powerful not only to stop them but also to take away their catching malignity The Moss that grows on wild Rose-shrubs reduced to powder and taken in Wine wherein have been boiled the husks of Acrons is an approved remedy in this case Scrape red Lead or Rudle such as Carpenters mark their lines with put it into Wine or Broath wherein hath been boil'd the broader kind of Plantain and Tormentil-roots or take it in an Egg. Hares-blood dried and taken inwardly is also a tried Medicine in this Distemper Item open a new-laid Egg take out the white and fill it up with Nutmeg or the pulverised root of Tormentil or of Snake-weed and give it the Patient to eat or put into it some pulverised Blood-stone and it will do good I have used with good success the Seed of the broader Plantain grosly beaten and rosted in an Egg against the Flux and I know it also to have been beneficially used against the Bloody Flux Take of Mummy a little Mastick Bol-Armeniack Sanguis Draconâ— mix them together and make a powder of them and take of it in a convenient Liquor the weight of a dram once or twice a day Take Rye-biscuit and boil it in Water with Coriander and the roots of Tormentil or of Cranes-bill quench some Steel in it once or twice and give of it to the Patient to drink Make a Decoction of Shepherds-purse and Meadow-sweet in Water and Wine and now and then drink of it Burn live Crafishes in an earthen Pipkin well-closed until they be so burnt as to be reduced to powder of which give to the Patient mornings and evenings a Thimble-full or two in a convenient Liquor A dried Liver of a sucking Lamb or of any other such Animal is very good in this case provided such a Liver before 't is dried be boiled in Vinegar Let the Patient take a drachm of it twice a day Also the Blood of a Lamb or of a Hind both dried will have here a good effect Take a Pigeon Wood-cock or Patridge and having drawn any of them fill them with Mastick and a little Nutmeg and so rost them on a Spit and whilst they are rosting baste them with red Wine and so let them rost till they grow so hard as will make them pulverable then reduce them or any of them to powder and take a spoonful of it at a time in warm Broath The highest Experiment in this case is Crocus Martis taken in the Juyce of the broader kind of Plantain or in a Pulse of red Beans or Rice-broath the dose is half a dram But when the pain is very great you may then add to it some opiat Medicine as of the Trochisques de Garabe or one only grain of Laudanum Opiatum And give the Patient now and then a little new-made Treacle or mix with it a few grains of the Confection of Archigenes for of such Medicaments a Field-Apotheque is not wont to be destitute For the Patients ordinary drink boil water and in it Coriander dried Sloes dried slices of Quinces burnt Harts-horn Mastick Nutmeg or any one of these putting to it some of the roots of Snake-weed Tormentil or such like adstringent roots Of this water the Patient may drink according as his necessity shall require The red Juyce of Quinces boiled up without Sugar is also much to be commended in this case for strengthening the bowels two or three spoonfuls of it being taken at a time and that twice a day In many places a drink is made of Sloes Pilosella or Mouse-ear and Juniper-berries infusing them all in common water and letting them ferment together This yields a pleasant acid drink allaying the violence of the Flux and quenching thirst withal The Rich may make Granat or Quince-wine But I have here undertaken to deliver such things as are parable and cheap for the poor common Souldier I am sorry that in the Field there is no conveniency of administring Clysters For though I prescribe none without great necessity yet Clysters being of great benefit in Diseases of the bowels they being to them like Plaisters I cannot but recommend in this Distemper Clysters of Milk wherein Pebble-stones have been several times quenched mixing a little of the melted Suet of a Stag or Hind without any Oyl or other fat I remember I had once a Patient of quality that had about an hundred stools within twenty four hours who by the use of such Clysters once or twice applied was fully restored The cause whereof is that the Milk washes the bowels and clears them of the sharp humors that annoy them moreover it is healing and repairing by reason of the Pebbles quenched therein The Sugar
is abstersive and helps to clean the injured places The Fat sticks to the parts annoyed to defend them from being further hurt by the subsequent humors which running down over it can find no stay there and consequently cause no more hurt to those parts Yet must you not put in any greasie Fat or any Oyl of Olives because they hinder healing and all Oyl except that of Linseed Poppies Hemp and Almonds is very sharp and you will find that if any drop of Oyl of Olives should chance to fall into your Eye no Juyce of Oranges or Limons is so strong as to exceed the acrimony of that Oyl But of this Oyl more will be said in the next Chapter to which I therefore refer you If you would have your Clyster yet milder and more sanative you may beat a yolk or two of new-laid Eggs and mix them with it though I have contented my self with the Ingredients before mention'd and found great benefit thereby Else you may in this case use for a Clyster the Cremor hordei mixt with yolks of Eggs beaten in it which is also very good to wash out the bowels Here is no conveniency of making much use of Apothecary-shops else many things might be prescribed to lay upon the belly and the navil as also divers fermentations and stomachical Unguents You may therefore content your self with those plain and easily parable means already deliver'd and be thankful to God for them But then you are also to think upon means to obviate Symptoms of this Distemper and particularly Drought which is wont very much to torment people in this Disease 'T is true Acid things do quench thirst but they cannot be used boldly and therefore you must use them with great discretion and wariness And as for sweet things they usually increase thirst and do easily corrupt and turn into gall Wherefore give to the Patient preserved Currans or if fresh ones be in season mix a quantity of them with Honey or Sugar and give him of it to eat upon white-Bread and Butter Or plump dried Black-cherries or dried Damascene-prunes in half Wine and half Water and let him hold squeeze them in his mouth Or if you can mingle some Almond-milk with Chalybeat-water and let him drink thereof and this is both meat and drink Or let him drink water wherein Coriander and roots of Tormentil have been boiled Or boil in water dried slices of Quinces roots of Bistorta or Snake-weed and burnt Harts-horn put into it a tosted crust of Rye-bread rubb'd with Nutmeg but let it not lye in it above a quarter of an hour lest the water should thicken and become viscous Marmelat also of Quinces Black-cherries and Sloes is proper in this case giving the Patient a slice of it to hold upon his tongue and so to swallow it down Further you must learn how to remedy a Tenasmus which is more irksome to the Patient and occasions more trouble to the Physitian than the Bloody-flux it self since it night and day painfully provokes the poor Patient to go to stool and yet to no purpose For this I have used many remedies but found almost nothing more beneficial than Fomentations of this nature following Take Potentilla wild Tansie Silver-weed Knot-grass Mullein and Oak-leaves of each as much as you please put them into two linnen bags and let them boil in Smiths-water wherein much Iron hath been quenched Squeeze out these bags between two boards and let them be held alternately to the anus as hot as can be endured Black Pitch such as is found on Larch and Fir-trees put upon a heated fire-shovel and the fundament held over it is also a good remedy so is Turpentine used after the same manner Again take a black well-burnt Brick out of the hearth heat it thoroughly and wet it with sharp Vinegar and wrap it about with a linnen cloth and let the Patient sit on it as hot as he can endure it This was the Experiment and Remedy of old Aetius but he reduced the Brick to powder and by boiling it in Vinegar reduced it to a pulse and so put it into a linnen rag and applied it to the fundament You may chuse which you please of the two Milk-Clysters such as above prescribed would also be good but that 't is not safe with Clyster-pipes to vex the anus which is already sore enough Yet you may give a Suppository of Deers-suet mixt with some Oyl of Mullein And the grey Diapompholox or the white Camphire-unguent or the like mixt with it would not be improper in this case If there be a Falling down of the fundament then let it often take in the fumes of the above-mention'd Herbs adding to them the beaten stalks of Sloe-shrubs and those of red Roses as also Mouse-ear and Mug-wort The outer bark of Elder and of Shepherds-purse doth also well with it But above all things keep the Patient warm and let by no means any of the abovesaid steams grow cold on the sore part Make also a Decoction of Garlick and pour it hot into your close-stool let the Patient sit upon it to receive the hot steams Besides put some burnt Harts-horn in a linnen cloth and so strew it upon the fundament by little and little to drew it up Or heat an Oaken-board very well and cover it over with Stags-suet and let the Patient sit upon it whilst 't is hot Put Colophonium or the Rosin of Pinetree upon a heated Iron and let the Patient by holding his fundament over it take in the steams thereof Anoint also the part with Butter in which Onions have been boiled and strew upon it Album-graecum very finely pulverised You may also make a Salve of Ceruse Bol-Armeniack Dragons-blood Stags-suet Blood-stone Oyl of Myrrh or Butter in which first hath been boiled broad Plantain Mullein or wild Tansie Silver-weed and with this anoint the fundament As for the Marisca's which do torment Men especially they may be cured with Oyl of Eggs Salve of red Hounds-tongue as also with the Vnguentum Populeum or with Butter stirr'd up and down in a Leaden Mortar till it turn grey or blackish Let the Patient drink also of Scrophularia or Fig-wort infused in his drink this being a specifick for that evil Also the Oyl of Mullein Elder-blossoms Water-lilly and White-lillies is an excellent remedy for it a rag dipped therein being laid upon the part affected To use scarifying on the lower part of the back-bone is also very good though it be very painful If the Hoemorrhoid-vein bleed in a convenient time and do not overbleed it is an exceeding good thing and preserves from many Diseases as the Inflammation of the Lungs Stitches of the sides the Leprosie Melancholly Quartans and the like If the same vein should bleed in one that is mad or disturbed in his mind or in one that is troubled with the Inflammation of the Kindneys these Distempers would thereby be allayed But if it should bleed too often
either with hands or Bandage and mean while reduce it into its place If the Hip be forced out forward the Groin is swoln and the Buttocks fallen the Leg is neither longer nor shorter nor cannot be bent but with trouble and the Urine is suppressed Though it be not set aright yet the Patient in time will be able to go well enough upon it though sometimes it falls out that he must somewhat trail his Leg after him To restore it let the Patient lie on his sound side and strongly stretch out his Leg press it into its former place and in case the hand be too weak thrust it in with your Knee If it be dislocated backward the Patient can neither stretch out nor bend his Leg nor is he able to bring his Heel to the ground and if he should force himself to do so he would fall backward the Leg is shorter there is a hollowless in the Groins and if the Buttocks be pressed upwards you shall find an unusual swelling Though it be not put in yet the pain will in time vanish and then the Leg may be bent again but it remains shorter and straight nor is the Foot turned inward nor outward Lay the Patient on his Belly and strongly extend his Leg mean time apprehend the Thigh bone above the Knee stretch it outward from off the sound Leg press the Head into its Cavity in which yet it will not stay if thenceforth the Patient do not keep himself very quiet 10. The Dislocations of the Tibia and Fibula are cured after the same manner as those of the Cubitus and Radius 11. If the Knee pan be out of its place let the Patient stand upright and press it in again lay on the side whence it hath been forced away a hollow Splint answerable to the shape of the said Pan and below in the cavity of the Leg put one or more compressing Splints binding the whole Leg so stiff that the Knee may not bend CHAP. VII Of Ruptures HAving thus roughly handled the boney and hard parts of the Body it now follows that I treat the soft and fleshie more gently and describe their Synthesis or re-unition again Therefore I begin with the broken Peritonaeum which sometimes gives way to the Intestines at other times to the Cawl and not seldom to both to get out of their natural place into the Groins or Scrotum there causing a Rupture called Entorocele or Hernia Intestinalis if the Guts come out an Epiplocele or Hernia Omentalis if the Omentum or Cawl be out The Peritonaeum is made up of two strong but soft Membranes which do so contain whatsoever is included in the Belly or lowest Cavity that when sound nothing can fall out In Women the Os Pubis is its utmost Limit In Men its outermost Membrane reaches farther and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles In the Groins it comprehends the Seminal Vessels as in a Sheath called Processus or Productio Peritonaei This being stretch'd or enlarged or coming to burst is the proximate cause to the lately mentioned Ruptures The Groins therefore are the usual places of Ruptures But do not imagine that the Peritonoeum cannot be distended or burst in other places and there to cause a Rupture It happens sometimes above the Navel yet seldom Beneath and on the side of the Navel far above the Groins I have not only seen it often with many others but seen it ordered and dressed just like an Abscess the Chirurgeon giving no other reason for his mistake than that it was not the place of Ruptures which those that love the Art and their own Honour may take notice of Most times the Ileon falls down yet sometimes the other Guts come out with it and fall into the Scrotum which cannot come to pass by a simple distention of the abovesaid process but that necessarily in all such great Ruptures it must be broken The Causes which make the Peritonaeum to burst or to dilate are Falling Leaping Blows bearing of heavy Burdens strong Vomiting or Coughing difficult going to Stool Winds retained and all vehement Motions of the Body Signs The Tumor is sometimes bigger sometimes lesser sometimes altogether vanisht but with the least Motion returning Though the Caul or Intestines should be fallen down never so much they may easily without any pain be thrust in again unless Wind or Excrement hinder it in which case the Rupture is very painful If the Intestines be full of Wind the whole belly is tense you may hear a noise and the Patient breaks Wind upwards and downwards If the Excrements be grown hard the Patient goes with difficulty to Stool and the swelling weight and hardness little by little encreaseth If the Peritonaeum be only relaxed and widened then the Tumor from little becomes bigger by degrees but if it be broken it suddenly descends Prognosticks In little Children Ruptures are easily cured in aged people slowly or not at all especially if the Peritonaeum be burst If the Intestines be filled with Wind or Excrements there follows pain and if that be not suddenly removed an Inflamation Gangrene and at last Death it self Cure Lay the Patient on his Back with his Legs on high and a little asunder by which it often comes to pass that the Caul or the Intestines return of themselves into their former place but that not happening press them in gently with your fingers And if you cannot effect this by reason of Wind or hardened Excrements then use the following Medicines Where the Excrements are indurated Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces of white Lillies one ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall of each half a handful Flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each two pugils Bran half a handful Boil them in Water and to the Liquor Add of Barly and Bean-meal of each three ounces lin-Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Oyl of Roses and white Lillies Ducks-Fat and Hens Fat of each an ounce Make it into Cataplasm In case this Cataplasm be not sufficient or seems not to be so then bathe the Patient two or three hours in Oyl sweet Milk or Water wherein Emollients have been boyled not forgetting in the mean time Clysters and Purges Against Wind. Take Oyl of Camomile Rue of each one ounce Oyl of Nard and Dill of each three drams Spirit of Wine two drams a little Wax Make it into an Oyntment Another Take Oyl of Wormwood one ounce Oyl of Nard and Nutmeg exprest of each half an ounce Oyl of Mace and Carraways distilled of each one dram Malmsey an ounce and half Boil it a little then add to it as much Wax as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Inwardly use the seeds of Anise Fenel Carraways and others Medicines dispelling Wind which also are to be mixt in the peculiar Clysters requisite to this purpose Also the Cumin Plaister used by some may here do good service Or Take the Styptick Plaister of Crollius Gum-Caranna
that the heat by degrees may be again restored to the part and to that purpose strongly rubbing it with Snow or cold Water giving also to the Patient Treacle or Mithridate in warm Wine If the pain and cold remit let the part be embrocated very warm with Oyl of Dill Camomil bitter Almonds or Earth-worms c. A Decoction of congeal'd Turnips is good to foment withal then are required both stronger and hotter Medicines viz. Oyl of Earth of Tiles Turpentine Castor treacle-Treacle-water Mithridate Or use the following Fomentation Take Herbs of Scordium a handful and half Swallow-wort a handful Rue half a handful Seeds of Roman Nettle Cresses of each three Drams boyl them in White-wine let them be strained and to a Pint of the Liquor add Spirit of Wine two ounces Mingle it When the part hath begun to Mortifie Scarifie continue the use of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from external Heat or hindred by Perspiration Let the cause of the Disease be removed if possible which if it happens from external Ligature Hot or two Astringent Medicines let them be forthwith removed from the part affected and let it be washed being first Scarified with the following Decoction Take the Water of Endive Night-shade of each six Ounces of Sorrel-water eight Ounces Vinegar half a pint Salt an Ounce and half Scordium a handful Lupines half an Ounce Mix them and boyl them to the Consumption of the third part Then let the Chirurgeon use Ung. Aegyptiacum or any other of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from the Defect of Nutriment Let the Patient use nourishing Aliments all strong External or Internal Dryers hurt Friction of the part with moderately hot Medicines as with Oyl of Sweet Almonds Olives Earth-worms Scorpions Vipers Man's Fat Bears or Hens is good Scarifie if necessity require Discussives here are very injurious Cure of a Gangrene from a venemous Humor If the malignant Humor be in the Body it self Sudorifick cooling and Cordial Medicines are best For Purging and Bleeding I have seen them oftner to do hurt than good Outwardly Defensives are useless but Cupping-glasses Leeches and attractive Medicines are necessary But if the Malignant Humor come from an external Cause the surest remedy is an actual Cautery lest the Malignity spread it self which is to be used the very first time and also to put a further stop apply a Defensive to the sound part two fingers breadth distance from the wounded part so also it will put a stop to the Flux of Humors or else all the hope consists in Leeches Cupping-glasses Attractive Medicines and others set down above Cure of a Gangrene sprung from the Scurvy Internal Remedies we commit to the Physitian Externally these are commended Take Seeds of Broom Roman-Nettle Rue of each a Dram Tops of Wormwood two Drams Gum Galbanum Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar of each six drams Oyl of Juniper three drams Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister Or Take Oyl of Earth-worms Bayes Rue of each two Drams Castor a Dram Spirit of Wine three Drams Make it into a Linament Or Take the Raspings of Guaiacum Sassafras of each an ounce Root of Angelica Celandines the greater Tamarisk-bark of each six Drams Leaves of Scurvy-grass Water-cresses of each a handful Fennel-seeds an ounce Spirit of Wine a pint and half Infuse them a Night then distil them in Balneo Mariae Foment the part affected with this and scarifie if there be occasion and let the Chirurgeon proceed according to Art Where a Gangrene hath degenerated into a Sphacelus especially in the Joynts let the Part be amputated concerning which look in the First Part. CHAP. XV. Of a Paronychia PAnaritium or Paronychia is a Tumor very painful in the end of the Finger from a sharp Malignant Humor corroding the Tendons Nerves Periostium and Bone it self Cause is a sharp humor proceeding from Choler or Serum Signs are an intollerable pain about the Nail tormenting the Patient day and night an Inflammation oftentimes extending over the whole Arm A Fever for the most part and sometimes Delirium Prognostick By how much the Humor is the more malignant the greater Symptoms it raiseth corrupting sometimes the Bone the Finger the whole Hand and sometimes from extream pain it occasions the death of the Patient Cure Foment the Finger a while in this Decoction Take Flowers of Camomile Mellilot Elder of each half a handful Linseed and Fenugreek each two drams Boil them in Milk Or let this Cataplasm be applied Take Flowers of Dill Elder Leaves of Hen-Bane of each a handful Poppy-seeds and Linseed of each three drams Marsh-mallow-powder an ounce and half Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Cataplasm Then make Incision upon the Part affected according to the length of the Finger and for the most part there appears one or more red spots containing a sharp Matter but little in quantity which is the cause of the Disease After the Apertion of the Tumor at the first dressing apply to the Finger Treacle dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine and a Defensive to the whole Hand so in a day or two the Cure will be perfected But if this Part should be gangren'd or Sphacelated either by the neglect of Patient or Chirurgeon let it be taken off Except you will commit the business to Nature which oftentimes separates and throws out this Bone A great Inflammation sometimes here produceth a Fleshy Excrescency occult and sensless this is removed by Knife or exeding Medicines Then cure according to Art But if being too late call'd you find a great collection of Humors let Discussives or Suppuratives be applied then the Tumor being either broke or opened take great care lest the Tendons which do very easily putrifie or incline to putrefaction Separation is here necessary whether it be by Medicines or a cutting Instrument Repellents in this case greatly hurtful CHAP. XVI Of an Aneurism ANeurisma is a Tumor besides Nature from a Rupture of an Artery continually beating easily yielding to the Fingers and as suddenly returning Cause All Arteries except those that are dispersed through the Brain and upper parts consist of a double Tunicle the inmost of which being either corroded or broke the External may be extended so much without a Rupture of it whatsoever others say as to cause an Aneurism Nevertheless where the Tumor is of the bigness of ones Fist it cannot be but that the External also must be either corroded or broke Anatomy doth confirm this Opinion which the Studious in the Art of Chirurgery may enquire into This Tumor also may be caused where an Artery be divided so that the External Tunicle united to the Muscles the Internal by reason of the continual pulsation remains open Signs A Swelling increasing by degrees of the same colour as the skin a continual Pulsation If the Tumor be little it easily yields to the Fingers so that it altogether disappears but suddenly returns
again but if great not so easily yielding to the touch not so strong a Pulsation but there is a noise observed as of boiling Water yet in the Head and Jaw I have found after death an Aneurism which while the man was alive there could be no Pulse perceived In the hard parts is greater Circumspection to be used than in the soft and fleshy Prognosticks It is difficultly cured if great not at all except with the taking off the Member for the most part it is a long Disease although I have seen it kill without any other accidental Cause within two years If Incision be made Death suddenly follows Cure In the beginning there may be some Hopes Astringents and Repellents and convenient Ligatures by which we do not seldom administer something of Remedy to the Patient as also the applying a piece of Lead straightly bound on have sometimes cured little Aneurisms But where the Tumor is encreased there are some would have the Skin divided and the Artery tied both above and below and cut out the middle with the Tumor and loosen not the Ligatures till the Wound is perfectly cured and there is no fear of an Hemorrage but this Operation is dangerous painful and troublesome and oft-times of little Benefit But to preserve Life I would take off the Member CHAP. XVII Of Opthalmia OPthalmia is an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Eye from Blood with Redness Pain and shedding of Tears Difference A light Inflammation and which depends from external Causes is called a Bastard Opthalmia Taraxis or Epiphora but a great Inflammation accompanied with pain and tears a true Opthalmia And if it be so great that the Eye-lids are so inflamed and as it were turned inward 't is called Chemosis Causes are two 1. Internal as Blood oft-times mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy 2. External as Smoak Dust c. Signs vary according to the variety of Causes If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood the Face looks red and the Vessels of the Eyes are extended If either from more of Serum or Choler the Redness of the Face is less but the Tears are more sharp and the pain greater if from more of Phlegm the reddish pain Heat and Acrimony of Tears are more remiss and the Eye-lids at night are as it were glewed together If from any thing of Melancholy there are but few Tears and the Eye-lids are not closed together the Inflammation is not great but stubborn Prognosticks An Opthalmia is flower cured in Children than in old people Continual pain menaceth Blindness by how much greater the Inflammation is so much the more dangerous it is Cure The Diet must be the same as in a Phlegmon all sharp things are carefully to be avoided as Garlick Radishes Mustard c. little or no Suppers profit Purging the use of Glisters Bleeding ought to be oft-times re-iterated as also Cupping-Glasses Leeches Blisters sometimes also Seatons Issues and Artereotomy it self which is not to be done by any but an expert Chirurgeon Sneezing is hurtful Provoking of Sweat is sometimes necessary sometimes not which the Physician must distinguish Dieureticks are of great use provided they are not too hot External Remedies vary according to the variety of Causes if from Smoke or Fire let them be extinguished If from Dust or any thing got into the Eyes 't is to be taken forth which is often performed by blowing or by the spurting in of Rose-water If from the inversion of the Eye-lids the Hairs are to be cut off or wholly to be pull'd out If the Eye-lids are glew'd together they are to be separated with Butter Beer or Cream the Rheum is gently to be wiped and let the Patient have a Care lest by the rubbing of his Eyes he increaseth his Disease Fat things are here hurtful Repellent Medicines except in the very beginning are not to be used or in a very slight Opthalmia Medicines good for the Eyes Roots of Valerian Solomons-Seal Orrise Vervain Herbs Betony Celandine the great Eyebright Fennel Fumitory Plantain Flowers of Roses Violets Anni-seeds Quince-seeds Linseeds Pippins boil'd or rotten Camphire Mussilage of Lin-seeds Tragacanth Fresh Veal Whites of Eggs all sorts of Milk especially Womans Tutty white and green Vitriol Saccharum Saturni Glass of Antimony White Troches of Rhasis fresh Cheese not salted Ung. Saturni A Water for the Eyes Take Waters of Eyebright and Celandine the greater of each an ounce and half White-wine six drams Glass of Antimony eight grains prepared Tutty fifteen grains White-Vitriol two grains Sugar-Candy two drams Camphire four grains Make it into a Collirium Another excellent one Take Wheat three handfuls Bruised Ginger three drams Common Salt a handful and half White-wine Water of Roses of Fennel Plantain of each ten ounces Infuse them in a Copper Vessel the space of forty days strain them and reserve the Liquor for your use Another very much esteemed Take a whole Egg boil it hard then the shell and Yolk being taking away put into the Cavity Sugar of Saturn six grains Camphire two grains White-Vitriol three Grains Honey of Roses half an ounce then press it very hard and let the prest out Liquor be dropt into the Eyes twice or thrice a day Another second to none Take Waters of Fennel and Eyebright of each a pint Common Salt six drams prepared Tutty white Vitriol of each half an ounce Let them boil a little and reserve for use Let not the great quantity of Vitriol afright any it causeth only a slight pain which suddenly vanisheth but 't is of so great virtue that it cannot sufficiently be extoll'd but its use will prove it true A Powder for the Eyes Take Dulcified Vitriol half a dram prepar'd Tutty fifteen grains Sugar-candy a scruple Make it into a fine Powder Unctious Medicines seldom are applied to the Eyes or else this Ointment is much commended Take Verdigrease twelve grains Camphire Lapis Calaminaris of each half an ounce prepared Tutty half a dram fresh-Butter washed in rose-Rose-water two ounces Make it into an Ointment An Anodine Cataplasm Take Camomile and Melilot Flowers of each a pugil rotten Apples two ounces fenugreek-Fenugreek-seed an ounce Crums of Brown Bread three ounces two yolks of Eggs Saffron half a dram Boil them in Cows-milk to the consistence of a Poultice An Anodine Collirium Take the Juice of Housleek two drams Whites of Eggs half an ounce Womens-Milk two ounces rose-Rose-water an ounce white Troches of Rhasis one scruple Opium three grains Mix them Another which I have often found excellent in the greatest pain Take Gum Tragacanth two drams Mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort three drams Rose-water and Plantain-water of each as much as sufficeth Make it into a Collyrium of an indifferent Consistence and let it be instilled by drops into the Eyes and Linnen-Cloaths wet in it outwardly applied CHAP. XVIII Of a Quinsie A Quinsie is a Tumor of the Jaws from Blood hindring Deglutition and
Amber Mastick of each a dram Turpentine half an ounce Euphorbium a dram Ung. Aegyptiacum half an ounce yolks of one Egg Oyl of Elders as much as is sufficient Saffron a scruple Make it into an Ointment Another more excellent than the former and which likewise resists Putrefaction Take Tar Turpentine Galbanum of each two ounces Mastick Frankincense Nitre Sal Armoniack of each an ounce Allom half a dram Verdigrease white Vitriol Camphire Powder of Worms of each a dram Oyl of Lin seed Roses of each two ounces Oyl of Worms and Turpentine of each a dram Molax them with a gentle Fire and make them into an Ointment If the Nerve hinder not in a great putrefaction there may be added some Precipitated Mercury An Anodine Plaister Take Bean-meal Crums of brown-Bread of each two drams let them be put in Milk adding to them Oyl of Roses Violets of each an ounce Yolks of Eggs No. iij. Powder of Red Roses Scordium of each an ounce and half Wax as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister An Anodine Cataplasm Take Roots of Marshmallows Comfrey the greater of each an ounce Flowers of Camomil Melilot St. John's wort of each half a handful Tops of Wormwood two pugils boil them in Milk adding to them of the Meal of Marshmallow-roots and Beans of each an ounce and an half Make it into a Poultice If the Wound be quite through a Tent must be put into both Orifices for a Flamula is inconvenient and hurtful At first dressing it once a day is sufficient for in Wounds made by Gun-shot there seldom appears any Matter before the third or fourth day after this the quantity or acrimony of the Matter will guide you best whether it is to be drest once twice or thrice a day CHAP. X. Of Poysoned Wounds POysoned Wounds are made sometimes by Bullets Arrows Swords and other Instruments sometimes by mad Beasts as Dogs Wolves which hurt more by their venomous quality than by wounding Signs are vehement pain a livid Colour suddenly becoming black Symptoms more grievous than for the quality of the Wound a Heat over the whole Body Trembling Delirium Fainting c. Prognosticks A poysoned Wound though little may bring death especially if near to the Heart or any other Noble Part or the Chirurgeon not call'd soon enough Cure consists chiefly in this that the Venom be drawn forth by Cupping glasses attractive Medicines Scarifications or which is safest by an actual Cautery but then it must not be in a Nervous Part the Escar to be forthwith removed and the Wound to be cured by degrees Inwardly Sudorificks and Cordials profit Bleeding and Purging hurt A Plaister that draws forth the Poyson out of the Wound and corroborates the Part. Take boiled Onions three ounces Treacle half an ounce Goats dung an ounce Angelica-Roots in Powder a dram and half Oyl of Scorpions an ounce and half Honey and Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister That corroborates the Part extracts the Venom produceth Matter and incarns the Wound Take Gums Galbanum Sagapenum Opoponax Assa Foetida Mirtle Pepper Brimstone of each six drams Pigeons and Ducks-dung of each an ounce Mummy half an ounce the great Comfrey-Roots powdered three drams Oyl of St. John's-wort as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister CHAP. XI Of particular Wounds IN Wounds of the Head where the Pericranium is hurt a stitch either by Needle or Plaister is not convenient fat things hurt but comforting and drying profit much Take Mastick Myrrhe Aloes Sarcocols of each half a dram Dragons-blood two scruples Bole a scruple Venice-Turpentine two ounces Honey of Roses a little Make it into a Plaister Wounds of the Brain are accompanied with pain of the Meninges and a great Flux of Blood to which succeeds other Symptoms and for the most part Death it self Oyl of Roses applied warm greatly easeth pain and fresh Pigeons-blood effects the same In an Haemorage Take Myrrhe Aloes Mastick Dragons-blood Rhubarb Red Coral prepared Hares hair cut small of each a dram Make it into a very a fine Powder Wounds of the Face are not to be stitcht but always care is to be taken that the Scars may not render it deformed In Wounds of the Eyes you must abstain from all Unctious things The sound Eye is to be bound as well as the whole The Head must be placed upright if there be a Flux of Blood the following things are convenient The Blood of Turtles Pigeons Hens Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort of Quinces Tragacanth Bloodstone Ceruse Tutty Frankincense Aloes the white of an Egg Water of Roses and Plantain Decoction of Balaustians Red Roses Galls c. Take white Troches of Rasis prepared Tutty Aloes Powdered of each half a scruple Red-wine an ounce Red Rose water and Plantain of each two ounces Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort Tragacanth of each a dram Make a Collyrium In pain Womans-milk fresh is good or the above described Collyrium adding to it half a scruple of Opium and applying over it this Cataplasm Take of rotten Apples two ounces Flowers of Linseed half an ounce Mucilage Seeds of Flea wort two drams crude Opium half a dram Yolks of Eggs as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm A part of the Nose quite cut off never unites again although the Wound be but just made but if it adheres still to the Body 't is to be stitched to it with a Needle Wounds of the Ears and Lips find greater benefit from the Needle than from Ligature Wounds of the Lungs require comforting and drying Medicines sharp being here very hurtful though used in other Wounds Externally Take Roots of great Comfrey Tormentil Cloves of each half an ounce Flowers of Red Roses half a handful Mastick Myrrhe Aloes of each a dram boil them in Barley-water and to half a pint of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Mirtles common and strained Honey of Roses of each two ounces Make it into a Liniment Internally Take Leaves of Fluellin Strawberries Sanicle of each half a handful Lung-wort a handful Roots of Angelica two drams Liquoras a dram Jujubies No. xv Raisons half an ounce boil them in Barley-water and add to a pint and half of the strained Liquor Syrup of Diacodion three ounces Mix them let them take four ounces of it three or four times a day Half a dram of Sperma Ceti taken every day is excellent but it weakens the Brain Wounds of the Heart are always mortal and those that penetrate into the left Ventricle kill suddenly they seldom live so wounded above six twelve or twenty hours although there are examples produced for it If wounded into the right Ventricle it permits the Patient to live longer but that which terminates in the substance of the Heart grants yet longer time Wounds of the Stomach for the most part are left to be cured by Nature which here doth miracles yet in a Flux of Blood Bleeding is requisite In
of others if thou dilligently require of what parts the Fabrick of thy Body consists to this end first we will shew the simple parts and their use then after the division of the whole Body the compounded Parts The Chirurgical use Seeing 't is very necessary even at first sight that thou shouldst know the nature and temperaments of Men because they give the Rules of what is to be done in the curing of each Disease we have thought it convenient in the very beginning of this Treatise to describe their Signs The Sanguine abound with Hair but lank and yellowish in process of time declining into blackish handsom red cheek'd freshy strong When young addicted to Venery not enduring â—â—â—ours easily sweating phthisical affable in their Conversation and Discourse not suspicious equally prone to laughter and tears they sleep soundly their dreams are pleasant Pulse is great and strong Urine yellowish and in great quantity soluble They hate Women and except in their company seldom think of them They bear Bleeding provided it be at a fitting time and in a convenient quantity otherwise they easily fall into a Dropsie Strong Purges to wit Euphorbium Scammony Colloquintida and those that are compounded of them they cannot bear though gentle Medicines easily as Cream of Tartar Manna Tamarinds Pruines Syrup of Roses with Senna Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb Pulp of Cassia Electuaries of Diacatholicum Lenitive c. As they easily fall into a Disease so they quickly again recover The Cholerick have black Hair and for the most part curled lean but very strong Coition profitable they are judicious and swift in action avoiding idleness they trust neither the words or gestures of Men soon subject to Laughter if the thing require it otherwise grave When irritated addicted to strike more inclined to Drink and Watching than to Eating and Sleep their dreams are of Fire Thunder Quarrels Battels Pulse strong quick and great Urine high-coloured as also their Excrements Choler requires not Bleeding yet permits it if there be a quantity of Blood joined with it but it must neither be excessive nor oftner repeated than just necessity requires lest the Choler shews its Malignity gentle Purges relieve it but strong irritate it it produceth vehement and dangerous Diseases and for the most part short Phlegmatick have long Flaxen Hair which easily falls off and as easily grows again Pale-fac'd cold and weak Body long ere they desire Marriage and soon debilitated by it sloathful unfit for Conversation not sollicitous about publick Affairs difficulty brought to Laughter or Anger which then lasts not long They eat and drink little prone to sleep Dreams are of Fish of the Water and Rain Pulse small and slow Urine pale and sometimes thin but generally thick and darkish the Belly soluble they bear not Bleeding except upon necessity they endure strong Purging their Diseases are long but not dangerous The Melancholick are almost destitute of Hair which is lank and black of a grim Countenance the whole skin livid lean slow and addicted to Venery prudent morose in conversation readier to give counsel to others than to themselves not subject to Laughter or Anger but long before appeased they eat and sleep much Urine copious Excrements little grievous Dreams Pulse small slow and hard Bleeding is hurtful Purging profitable the Diseases which it begets are stubborn and tedious and oftentimes more dangerous in the end than in the beginning Let these general Signs suffice in this place But 't is to be observed that the Temperaments are mixt and then the Signs are also Yea many Mutations Vices and Dissimulations as also Virtues and Ingenuity may be attributed to them which is your part judiciously to distinguish but we assent not to Galen who held that the dispositions of the Mind relie upon the Temperaments CHAP. II. Of the Parts in general· A Part properly so call'd is a firm limited Body which is nourished by other living Parts but doth not nourish having a peculiar use and operation for the advantage of the whole It is distinguished 1. Into the Principal Parts or or those not so Principal are those that perform some Noble Operation common to the whole Body as the Heart Liver Brain Testicles Those not so are those that serve the Principal and whence they are call'd their Servants as the Eye Ear Hands c. This distinction pleased some Anatomists many years since whom I much esteem yet not me For if the Liver and Heart are numbred amongst the Principal Parts because they elaborate the Blood for the advantage of the whole Body why is not the Tongue accounted a Principal Part also which is not only an Instrument of Speech by which we are distinguished from Beasts but also of Tastes by whose assistance we chuse those Aliments which are best which if wanting how the Heart and Liver could supply the Body with good Nutriment I see not The Brain governs all but how I beseech you If the Intestines did not perform their Orifice aright what would it effect How should we be esteem'd if like an Oister we should want Eyes and Ears How despised are the Feet and Hands yet in how many conditions do they serve For those not stirring both Chilification would be impaired and the Blood and the Spirits rendred thicker and the Brain made unfit for all actions In how short a time would the Limpha of our Body be corrupted if besides its own motion it was not also moved with the whole Body All things in our Body are joyned together as in a Clock one cannot be without the other neither is the most despicable Wheel less necessary than the Hand of the Clock itself without which it cannot be accounted a Clock 2. Into similar Parts and dissimilar A similar which divided into many parts yet whose single parts be of the same Nature with the whole Dissimilar are made up of more or less similars as the Hand Fingers Feet There are ten Similars found in the Body a Bone Cartilage Ligament Membrane Fibre Nerve Vein Artery Flesh Skin the eight former are made of Seed Flesh of Blood alone the Skin of both This Division is subject to greater difficulties than the former but seeing it is not convenient to reject it without the greatest confusion in the practice of Physick let us consider the thing it self committing the Disputes concerning the Name to the Schools Chirurgical Considerations 1. A Principal Part being affected or wounded renders the whole Cure dangerous therefore Prognosticks are not to be given here but with limitation lest the sudden alteration be rather ascribed to thee than to the Disease 2. Wounds of the similar Parts are less dangerous than of the dissimilar yea oftentimes they are sooner cured by simple Medicines than by compound the consent of the Parts by reason of the Vital and Animal Spirits is so great that scarce a Joint of the Finger being hurt can be cured without regard had to the whole Body In deed by the
it comes to pass that the Fat when it is any obstruction in the Cure of an external Disease may be cut off without any pain or other inconvenience 2. The Nails are oftentimes subject to clefts to be rough and of ill colour the Cause is a vicious Humor or some External Accident these may be cured by the often paring of the superfluities and the applying the following Plaister Take Rosin half an ounce Turpentine Frankincense Mastick of each two drams Goats-Suet Green-Wax of each five drams Make it into a Plaister accoâ—ding to Art Blood sometimes remains coagulated under the Nails which may be discussed by this Plaister Take Roots of Crow-foot of Solomons Seal red Mirrhe of each a dram Gum Sagapenum an ounce Oyl of Nuts a dram Make it into a Plaister For the falling off of the Nails a Finger-stall may be prepared of Green Wax Laudanum and Amoniacum c. 3. The shedding of the Hair is a frequent evil the causes of it are Burning Fevers old Head-aches the Leprosie and the French Pox and there is not to be expected any new in its room before the Cause for some time hath been taken away which being done the following external Applications may be made use of Take Southern-wood Maiden-hair Mallows Marjoram of each one handful Cummin roots of Parsley of Radishes Storax Calamit and liquid red Mirrhe of each five drams Euphorbium Cantharides of each a dram Gum Laudanum three ounces Oyl of white-Lillies an ounce Roman Nettle-seeds half an ounce Infuse them 36 hours in three quarts of fair Water then distil them in Balneo Mariae Or Take Aloes a dram Agarick Coloquintida of each two drams rocket-Rocket-seeds half an ounce Salt of Camomile two scruples infuse them twenty four Hours in fifteen ounces of White-Wine and keep the strained Liquor for your use CHAP. XIV Of the Generation of the Blood and its Circulation WE have hitherto treated of the Similar Parts properly and improperly so call'd from whom are the Dissimilars compounded The Blood serves to their Conservation as doth the Spirits to the Actions from thence proceeding but how the Blood is generated in our Body and how many Spirits are there found is not as yet sufficiently understood by us In this thing Writers differ among themselves so that the very Truth seems to lie hid in the profoundest darkness yet the love and desire of searching out the Truth exactly gives me freedom to declare my Opinion yet still giving place to a better Sanguification I conceive to be performed after this manner The harder Meat received in by the Mouth chawed by the Teeth and by the Spittle moistened is in some manner prepared to be made Chyle This Spittle from whence it hath its beginning no man as I know of hath rightly demonstrated Those that derived it from the Veins and Arteries it is upon this reason because they communicate several Branches to the Maxillerary Glandules through which the late invented Ductus Salivales pass and moreover a Salivation raised by Art seems to confirm this Opinion But how the Arteries and Nerves can separate so great a quantity of Spittle as we have often known to have been thrown forth in so short a time seems not possible to me I do rather derive it from the Stomach and Limphaducts which I suppose to adhere to the Salivals upon the following Reasons 1. As often as voluntary swallowing is designed we observe the Spittle to ascend as it were from the Stomach into the Mouth it self especially if the Meat be moistened by Drink 2. The Tongue Mouth and the whole Stomach have inwardly a common Tunicle 3. The Meat in the Mouth as in like manner in the Ventricle ought to be mixt with Spittle 4. It would be very troublesome continually to drink in eating for it is very easie for some time to keep the devoured Liquor in the Stomach and then sensibly to communicate some part of it to the Mouth 5. The Limphaducts are dispersed through the whole Body and they go both unto the Stomach and Tongue 6. I judge no Humor to be thrown out of our Body except by peculiar passages and so for several reasons I think the Tears also to be shed though particular Channels which a more accurate hand whether mine or others may sometimes find out Yea the most Noble Lewis Bills the great Anatomist attests to have already discover'd them and promiseth to demonstrate them in the Body and in Figures to the Favourers of Truth If you enquire of me of what nature Spittle is I answer that it is Salt yet 't is not always necessary that this saltness be perceived by the Tongue which those that Understand the Nature of Artificial Salts sufficiently know It is certain that there is some natural Salt in all Meats and Drinks 't is also certain that Salt not only helps the commixing and concoction of the Meat but also contributes much to the fermentation of the Humors The Ductus Salivales which we have now made mention of have but one strong Tunicle not unlike the Ureters but that they are lesser Of each side one They take their Original endued with many Roots from a certain great Glandule lying under the Tendon of the Musculus Digastricus not far from the upper Part of the Jaw then they run under the Tongue above the great Nerve of our eighth Pare to the more inward parts of the mouth where in the two ranine Glandules near the bridle of the Tongue they terminate from whom being variously perforated issues out the Spittle into the Mouth of which the enquiring Reader may more largely satisfie his curiosity out of the Writings of Glisson and Van-Horn The Meat thus chewed by the Teeth and prepared by the Mouth through the Gullet by the assistance of proper Muscles is carried into the Stomach which that it may the better keep it it presently purseth it self together so that the upper Orifice is close shut but the lower not so straight that though very lightly pressed may there find passage The Meat received by the Stomach and moistened by Spittle Drink and its own humidity forthwith by the heat of the Stomach begins to be concocted the Order is not observed here which was in the eating of the Meat yet in the beginning I have observed the Meat to be disposed in the same order as it was devoured by the Animal that was dissected but afterwards the Stomack continually digesting first sends away that Meat which is of easiest Digestion to the Guts and it doth not detain it whilst the other is also concocted which Loosnesses and Vomiting evidently enough declare if you look into the Excrements The Meat being concocted assumes a whiteness like to Cream and this is called Chile The Chile out of the stomach through the Pylorus enters the Intestines in which passage there is a notable Peristaltick motion Out of this the Venae Lacteae suck what is useful to nourish the parts and the unuseful is cast out
and Dr. Francis Vanderschagen wherewith we thought it necessary to oppose that pernicious Enemy with which we were to contend Our Prophylactick Water Take Roots of Angelica Zedoary of each an ounce Roots of Butter-Bur two ounces Leaves of Rhue four ounces Leaves of Balm Scabious Marrigold-Flowers of each two ounces unripe Walnuts sliced two pound fresh Citrons sliced a pound let them be all bruised together then poure upon them six quarts of the best Wine-Vinegar distilled by it self in a Glass Cucurbit in Sand. Let them digest a night then distil them with a gentle fire of Embers to driness but without burning and preserve this Vinegar for your use If you desire an Extract or Salt poure some of the distilled Liquor upon the Caput Mortuum or to the remander and let it digest for three days till it hath drawn out a Tincture with filtre and distil the filtred Liquor in Balneum Mariae to the consistence of an Extract After the Extract calcine the Caput Mortuum and draw forth the Salt Our Prophylactick Conserve Take fresh Citrons two pounds the Juice hard prest out the outward Coats separated from the inward Pulp and bruised very small adding Conserve of White-Roses half a pound of Red-Roses of Borage-Flowers of each half a pound preserved Orange-peels four ounces Make it into a Conserve Our Alexipharmick Powder Take Roots of Contrayervae half an ounce Pestilent-wort Tormentil Elicampane of each 2 drams sealed Earth Bole-armenick of each three drams Shavings of Harts-horn Ivory of each a dram Red Coral prepared four scruples Biting Cinamon two drams Diaphoretick Antimony half an ounce Make it into a Powder I have made use of these three foregoing Medicines with very great success as have also those famous Physicians before-mentioned when they have applied them to several that have been visited with the Plague When I have given them for a Preservative against the Plague I seldom mixed any other with them but for the Cure of it I never made use of them single but have always given them with these or some such like viz. Take Diascordium of Fracastorine four scruples Salt Prunella a scruple Salt of Wormwood half a scruple our Prophylactick Water Holy-Thistle-water Syrup of Barberries of each an ounce Mix them for a draught Or Take our Alexipharmick Powder a scruple Vitriolated Tartar eight grains Salt of Coral 15 grains Confection of Alkermes half a dram our Prophylactick Water an ounce and half Rue-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Holy-Thistle an ounce Mix it for a draught Or Take Antimony Diaphoretick a scruple Salt of Scordium of Rue of each half a scruple our Prophylactick water an ounce Fumitory-water as much as is sufficient Julep of Roses an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Confection of Hyacynth Diascordium Threacle of each two scruples our Prophylactick extract fifteen grains Spirit of Salt half a scruple Mix it into a Bole. Take our Prophylactick Conserve a dram and half prepared Crabs-Eyes a scruple our Prophylactick-water half an ounce Syrup of Limons an ounce Elder-Vinegar half an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Bezoartick Minera fifteen grains Sal Prunella a scruple Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd half a dram Make it into a Powder Let the sick person take some of these Medicaments for the provoking of Sweat plentifully to which purpose let him take Mutton or Chicken-broth an hour or two after he hath taken his Medicament let the Sweat be gently wiped off with a warm Cloth and another applied to his Breast For we have found it not safe to change the Shifts and other Linnen about the Patient unless they are too much moistened by Sweat We may safely administer these or the like Sudorificks twice in a day to the Patient or thrice in 24 hours and that very much to his benefit There are some who every six hours have very advantagiously made use of a new Sudorifick Nor are you easily to be persuaded to cease from the use of these means although the Patient should tell you that he is well in health lest you find the treacherous Disease of a sudden to surprize you both again For young Children who do usually abhor the taking of Physick I have found nothing better than the following Powder given them in their ordinary Drink two or three times in the space of 24 hours the Sugar may be omitted if the Patient digusts sweet things Take Diaphoretick Antimony 15 grains Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd a scruple and half Make it into a Powder Or Take Crabs-Eyes prepared Shavings of Ivory Bezoartick Mineral of each six grains Make it into a Powder We will treat of Juleps when we come to discourse of the Cure of the Plague The Symptomes of the Plague THey are many and very various but most of them are accompanied with some others which when the former are cured the latter are very easily removed We therefore think it very needless to give an account of them all in this place it will be sufficient to instance in the chief of them amongst which we in the first place encounter with A Fever Of such a Nature that it admits not of any purging or letting of Blood which the Experience of several hath sufficiently confirmed The Sudorificks before prescribed are no less useful for this Sympton than for the Plague it self but the Fever and great driness of the Tongue requiring such things as refrigerate they are not to be administred except they are mixed with Sudorificks as we have shewn before Take Water of Borage Sorrel of each two ounces our Prophylactick Water an ounce and an half Juice of sowre Oranges fresh Citrons of each two drams Julep of Roses as much as will make it conveniently sweet Oriental Bezoar fifteen grains Mix them Let the Patient often take the quantity of a spoonful hereof at once whereby his thirst will be much better allayed than if he should drink ten times the quantity of Beer and that without any check or hinderance to the Sweat Or Take holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-Water a pint our Prophylactick Water two ounces Syrup of sour Pomgranates two ounces and an half Mix them Or Take Scorzonera-roots Butter-bur-roots of each an ounce Sorrel-leaves two handfuls Boil them in Barley-water to a pint of the Liquor add Syrup of Violets two ounces Sal Prunella two scruples or Spirit of Salt as much as is sufficient Mix them For the Rich such like Juleps as these may be prepared which are both pleasant to the Palate and very Cordial Take Borage-water three ounces Holy-Thistle-water a pint Rose-water an ounce Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd an ounce Amber-greece two grains Musk a grain Juice of Citrons as much as sufficeth Mingle them Wesop-Ale or some such like which is well boyl'd may here be very useful especially if some Nutmeg scrap'd or a piece of calcin'd Harts-horn be tied up steeped in it Nor need we fear any mischief from exceeding either in the quantity or the frequent repeating of it but we must take heed that
I gave him the next day a more powerful Sudorifick whereof we found very notable effects but his thirst by that means being increased made him drink a great quantity of Beer whereby the vomiting returned and because he complained of a pain in his Belly we were afraid of a Diarhaea wherefore instead of Beer we gave him this following Mixture by Spoonfuls Take rose-Rose-water two ounces Holy-Thistle-water four ounces Mint-water an ounce Cinamon-water three drams our Prophylactick-Water an ounce and half Syrup of Myrtles two ounces Mix them And in the Evening he took this Sudorifick Take Confection of Hyacinth a scruple Treacle Diascordium of each two scruples Salt of Coral fifteen grains our Prophylactick-Water ten drams Mix it for a draught The night after passed quietly the Vomiting ceased the third day after there was a Carbuncle discovered on the inside of the left Nostril We applied to it our Divine Plaister and inwardly we gave Sudorificks and such things as might refrigerate on the 4th day his Nose was observed to be cold and to look of a purple colour the Carbuncle extending it self to the Processus Mammiformis the Pulse beat low and unequal nevertheless he took another Sudorofick but without success for about Noon many mortal signs discovered themselves and although he was all along of a sound mind yet after two hours he departed XIV The Wife of John N. Chirurgeon in September was suddenly taken with a Fever with drowsiness and anxiety of heart I prescribed this Sudorifick Take Diascordium of Fracastorius a dram Confection of Hyacinth Lapis Prunellae Salt of Scordium of each a scruple our Prophylactick Water an ounce Betony Water as much as sufficeth Syrup of the juyce of Holy-Thistle half an ounce Mix it for a draught It produced no Sweat which was an ill Omen The next day therefore she took this which is somewhat stronger Take Treacle Diascordium of each a dram half our Prophylactick Water an ounce and half Salt of Holy-Thistle a scruple Syrup of Limons six drams Mix it for a Potion And this also effected nothing For variety sake in the Evening I gave her this following Take Salt of Wormwood Scordium Prunella Antimony Diaphoretick of each a scruple Syrup of the Juice of Holy-Thistle an ounce Our Prophylactick Water two ounces Mix it for a Draught By the help whereof she began to sweat the Fever to abate together with the anxiety but the third day after the Spots appear'd which carried her off immediately Her Husband after eight days beginning to visit his Patients again came about eight in the morning to one that was sick when sitting down on a Stool he was suddenly so taken that he could not rise again about Noon by the help of his Son and his Man he went home where taking his Bed he was presently seized with a great drowsiness which I call'd a Coma because whatever I did or said to him I could not get two words from him I presently prescribed him a Clyster and this Ointment for his Head Take Oil of Marjoram a scruple Oil of Rue a dram of Amber rectified a scruple Rosemary half a scruple Mix them I advised also that they should endeavour to make him sneeze by putting Tobacco to his Nose and give him inwardly some of this Mixture Take Anti-Epileptick water of our Porphylactick water of Betony and Rosewater Syrup of Stoechas of each an ounce The Clyster came from him without any effect and Tobacco did no good he took a little of the Mixture and about evening I prescribed him another Clyster and this Sneezing-Powder following was blown up his Nostrils with a Quill Take the flower of Lillies of the Valley Leaves of Marjoram of each half a scruple white Hellebore three grains Make them into fine Powder By the help hereof he sneezed 3 or 4 times and a purulent Matter came from him at his Mouth but a greater quantity of it went down his Throat besides which there remained a great deal of it in his Mouth which we could easily squeeze forth by pressing his Cheeks These were sufficient signs of an Abscessus in the Brain and consequently of certain Death especially when we could not perceive that his Senses returned to him not that he was any other way reliev'd but on the contrary his voice quite failed him and he began to rattle in the Throat nor was I deceived in my conjecture for in a short space he died Four of his Children and a Maid-servant followed him his Man was cured of a Bubo under his Arm-pit by drawing a Blister and by applying some drawing Medicines His eldest Daughter and youngest Son still survived He had a Fever but was not very sick but she was handled more severely She had a Thrush appeared on the eighth day which took off not only the Fever but the whole Disease and thus of ten in Family but three escaped You have here an account of the true Signs and Effects of Malignity which none but such as are possess'd with the Spirit of contradiction can deny to be Contagious POST-SCRIPT I Intended to have published at least forty of these Observations but being taken up with giving an account of other things which will conduce very much to the illustrating of our Art which in their due time may be made publick I could make no further progress in this Make use of these for the benefit of your Friends and if you desire to see them put us in mind of the other FINIS An Index of Things and Words A. ABdomen or the lower Belly pag. 266. Hardened and Inflamed pag. 263 Abscesses or Imposthumes their manner of opening pag. 42 Acetabulum or Pixis pag. 312 Achor see Porrigo Aegylops pag. 284 Alae Anaplerosis what it is pag. 2 Aneurism its Cause and Sign pag. 135 Anodins pag. 94 Antrophy pag. 238 Anus fallen down 35. Imperforated and Cure pag. 46 Aperientes what pag. 277 Armilla the Hand Arsnick its Quintessence pag. 124 Artery its difference c. Aorta Pulmoniack 228. Humeraria Axillares Carotis Cervicalis Coeliaca Emulgens Gastro Epiploica Intercostalis superior Lumbaris Phrenica Scapularis Spermatica Splenica Subclavialis Thoracica 229. Cruralis Epigastrica Hypogastrica Iliaca Pudenda Vmbilicalis 230 Venosa 226 How to be opened pag. 231 Arthrodia what pag. 208 Articulation what Ibid. Astragalus pag. 211 Atheroma its Cause and Cure pag. 111 Atlas pag. 210 Auricles pag. 307 B. BAsis of the Tongue pag. 279 Batrachios pag. 291 Beensuyger pag. 211 Beenureeter pag. 212 Bleeding on whom and how to be performed pag. 37 Bones what their Nutriment 207. Their Connection Number Vse 208. Of the Arm 210. Hammer of the Ear 210 276. Of the Heel 211. Of the Hip Coccygis Ilium Innominatum Iscium of the Breast of the Temples 210. Ethmoides Forehead of the Head pag. 209 Bone of the Breast its Fracture 14. Of the Collar pag. 210 Breast what 266. Hardned Inflam'd Apostemated pag. 303 Bronchole pag. 34 Bubo its Cause
nourishment for the whole body and restrain as much as thou canst thy appetite there being nothing more hurtful to health than when that is irregular and extravagant Gird thy self well that thy body may be close and so be secured from receiving mischief in leaping falling storming c. and thy bowels from being put out of their place Take also with thee out of the Apothecary's shop a powder called Pulvis solutivus de Tribus which is not dear Of this when thou needest purging take the weight of a ducat or a little more according to thy constitution in warm flesh-broath or the like early in the morning fasting so ordering the matter that that day thou maist keep thy self warm in thy quarter Fast two hours after the taking of it and then eat warm meat The same be done with Pulvis Sena Montagnana and Pulvis solutivus de Tartaro If thou be troubled with Corns on thy feet apply to them every day fresh lard and continue this till by the fatness of the lard they grow soft and then they will fall off from the very roots without pain To free or secure thy self from Vermin take a good quantity of Wormwood and the inner cuttings of horse-hoofs cut out by the Farriers when they shooe horses boyl these both together in half lye and half water and so put thy shirt into it and afterwards dry it in the Air without washing it out any other way and not a Lowse will come into it This Experiment is found approved amongst the old German Souldiers and although there should be a Lowse in thy shirt it would not stay there If thy feet be moist and sweaty which is very troublesome not only to thy self but to others also take the filings of Brass which are sometimes used for dust to dry moist writings with and put some of it into thy socks and walk upon it Refresh this every other or third day and thou shalt soon be freed of that inconvenience Nor be thou troubled that it makes as it will do thy feet look greenish for there is no hurt at all in that since you are not like to put them in your cap. Take also with thee some Stags or Bucks-grease to make use of in case thou shouldst be galled any where in riding or going on foot Anoint the part therewith at the fire-side and it will soon be healed To prevent Rust draw thy Sword through the fat of a Goose or a Capon or grease thy Arms therewith Take care to have always about thee a hard crust of Rye-bread for if thou art dry and destitute of water wine or beer to quench thy thirst chew some of this dry crust and it will moisten thy mouth and considerably abate thy thirst The same may be done with a Leaden-bullet rolled to and fro in the mouth Lead being cooling It hath been prescribed above to take with thee the Herbs Imperatoria and Carlina Of this be mindful for if it should happen that thou shouldst be obliged to stand some hours in battel or in the field take a piece of it in thy mouth for hunger thirst and refreshment and thou shalt find it will keep thee a good while from faintness But woe to thy fellows if they want it for they will certainly faint unless thou be so kind as to give them a share in thy provision In the best Apothecary-shops may be found a root called Costus somewhat like Cinnamon which hath the same effect And if others should eat Onions others drink Brandy and I only hold in my mouth of this root the bigness of half a Pea I should keep in breath a good while longer than they But take notice that this I speak of is not the common Costus which hitherto hath been sold for the true in common shops but that which comes to us from the Indies If thou art a Horse-man take a good quantity of Bay-salt a little Brimstone Clove and Ginger and mingle with it some of the powder of the two above-said herbs Imperatoria and Carlina and give it to thy Horse or in case of want of Provender let him have of it upon his bit or give him some upon a slice of bread and it will make him strong and vigorous If thou art to ride in a German Saddle the two hind-knobs whereof are wont only to be stuffed out with straw or horse-hair get thee made two Tin-flasks with good screws fitted for those places In one of them carry Brandy in the other Vinegar The Brandy will serve thee in cold nights and fresh mornings and and 't will be good also for thy horse giving him a little of it upon bread The Vinegar will be of use to thee for the heat of the day washing thy mouth with it as also spirting a little of it into thy horses mouth Besides mingling it with water it will afford thee a good cooling drink If it he very cold put some of that horse-hair that is wont to be curried out of their mains and tails into thy Boots I never received on such occasions more warmth from any thing especially keeping my self dry A Hares-skin is also good for this purpose making socks of it but if it grow wet 't is naught Gather of the Wheel-grease that runs out at the nave of the Wheels and would else be lost which hath taken in some of the substance of the Iron that is about the Axel-tree witness its blackness This is a good Ointment for Horses When thou comest into the field and art to lye abroad look out for some rising ground that the Rain which may possibly fall may run away from thee And avoid as much as is possible Vallies Marishes Ditches Meadows and the like low and moist places Besides observe the Air and put up thy Tent towards the East which quarter though it be cool yet 't is wholsom But lest it should be too cool order it so that thou mayst enjoy that wind which comes from between the East and South as being one of the wholsomest of all Airs and temperate the South-air qualifying the sharpness of the Eastern Beware of the Western wind especially that which blows from between the South and West The Air of Mid-night is wholsome enough and dry but sharp and piercing Believe it a Souldier is much concern'd in the Air nor hath Hippocrates without cause written a whole Book De Aere Aquis Locis to teach how the Air Water and Places are to be discerned and chosen Moreover look about thee for good clear Water such as grows warm and cool again sooner than other waters and observe this mark for my sake I know water that will not boyl Pease Vetches Stock-fish Flounders c. In some Springs Iron is turn'd into Brass and great care is to be had in the choice of water for drinking But if thou canst not have spring-Spring-water but art necessitated to use Pit or Ditch-water have a care not to drink it without straining
least thou shouldst swallow Frog or Snake-spawn For I have known and had in my cure a Countrey-man who voided though not at once but at different times two hundred fifty and five Frogs and of them many in my own house in the presence of divers Ecclesiastical and Secular Persons and some of the biggest of them being dried are still to be seen in the Repositoy of Mantua as also in that of Mr. Philip Hainhofer at Auspurg And there is a Cook in the Hospital of Wessenburg or Landsberg who as appeared by the event had drunk the Spawn of Serpents out of which were bred divers Serpents in his Body some of which he voided by vertue of the Medicine he took amongst which there was one of the length of a Bavarian Ell. The Man hath been since in good health and continues in his service to this day Wherefore it will behove you to spread your handkerchief over the Ditch-water and so drink through it or if you take any of it up unstrain'd quench first a red-hot Stone or Iron in it whereby the noxious quality will be destroyed Or if you lye still and can get any Oyl of Vitriol let some drops of that fall into it and you need not then fear any corruption or poyson in such water Otherwise if time will permit let it boil up and cool again and put a crust of bread into it and you may drink of it safely Those Waters that run out of stony hills and from under rocks are the best to which may be reckon'd those Springs that flow from high places and purge themselves in clear sand and pebles If thou meet with Beer or Wine take heed of excess and forbear drinking New beer that hath not yet done working or is not some days old because new beer causeth the Strangury And in case this should trouble thee take a handful of Hay-blossoms boyl them in water and Urine over it drawing into thy body the warm steam thereof and anointing thy Navel several times with warm suet If thou art hot and canst not forbear drinking make water first then wash thy mouth and cool the arteries on both thy temples and those of both thy wrists and then drinking will hurt thee less If you chance to drink whilst you are hot which is so dangerous a thing that some have dyed within 24 hours after it others have fallen into consumptive Coughs others been troubled with Pains in their sides and with Impostumes c. then take of the leaves of Bellis or Daisy which grows in all meadows and pasture-grounds and is green both winter and summer and wash them clean and dress them like a Salad with Oyl Vinegar and a little Salt and forthwith eat thereof and it helps immediately as I know by much Experience But this must be used presently the sooner the better I can say with truth that in all my Practice of Physick for above 20 years I have not met with any Experiment of so quick an Operation from any herb as from this But here I must note that I have always used the Red Daisy and have not tryed the other sorts though I am apt to believe the others may have the like effect You must not eat the Flowers but only the Leaves This Experiment should be put up on all posts every where for the good of Courriers Mowers and other labouring Men that are wont to drink plentifully when they are hot and thereby spoil themselves in great numbers But to proceed as thou art to beware of excess of drinking at all times so thou art especially to forbear when thou art to stand Sentinel lest thou should fall a sleep whereby thou mayst lose thy life at least thy place and thy preferment for ever Neither be fond of Gaming at dice tables c. whence are occasioned quarrels mistrusts deceit swearing and what not Avoid also the company of base women lest thou shouldst be constrained to undergo the Mercurial Salivation and with it a very lean Diet of thin broth water-gruel barley-broth prunes roasted apples and such like without any flesh-meat at all CHAP. III. Concerning the Physicians and Chirurgeons in an Army EVery Army ought to be well provided with one or more able Physicians such as are not only expert in the cure of inward Diseases but also understanding in outward Cases as Wounds Burnings Luxations Dislocations Erysipelas's or St. Antony's Fires c. These Physicians ought to be no Youngsters that are lately come from Schools and Univerversities knowing only in Controversies and Disputations but such as are expert in the Cure of Diseases especially such as are most frequent in Armies They are also to be Men of good nature great honesty and condescension willing to take pains with the poor as well as the rich Physicians thus qualified may so gain the hearts of the Souldiers that these will love and honour them as if they were their Parents Likewise the Chirurgeons ought to be learn'd discreet and affable such as have been long vers'd and experienc'd in all the operations of Chirurgery that can distinguish well of Diseases and with prudence make their judgments thereon They ought also to be diligent and careful of those committed to their charge and very knowing in all manner of outward applications as Unguents Plaisters Pulments Lenitives Stiptiques Attractives Digestives Causticks Escharotiques as also their Mollifying Dissipating Repelling Suppurating and Mundifying c. Medicines They ought to be skilful in discerning them and withal in knowing well the cases and times where and when to use them They are to be very careful in observing the beginning middle and end of Ulcers Wounds c. since it often may be impertinent and even hurtful too to use that in the beginning that may be pertinent and beneficial in the midst of the cure and the like An able and dextrous Chirurgeon is a great Treasure in an Army and cannot be enough valued especially if he consult in all dangerous cases with an understanding Physitian These two Physitians and Chirurgeons are to be intimate friends together assisting one another without envy and pride for the better relief and the greater safety of their Patients 'T is very necessary both these should go abroad and travel before they undertake to practise thereby to acquire experience and to learn also to converse with the more discretion and gentleness with all sorts of humors And when they come to practise the Chirurgeons ought to advise with Physitians who are but lame Doctors if they be not skilled in Chirurgery since this is the third part of Physick from which it can and ought not to be separated being an integral part thereof It is recorded in history that above 2000 years since Podalyrius and Machaon Sons to Esculapius went both with Agamemnon in the Expedition for Troja and there purchased great honour by their practise not so much of Physick as Chirurgery CHAP. IV. Of Fevers Hungarian Distempers Spotted Fevers and other Pestilential Diseases
the Plague reign not open first a Vein For a violent Cough boil white Turnips well cleansed in common water throw away this first water pour on other water and in it let the Turnips boil till they grow soft Strain this water sweeten it with Sugar or infuse in it Liquorice cut small and drink of it mornings and evenings warm Or make a Decoction of St. Johns bread and drink it abstaining from all four and salt things The bleeding at the Nose is also incident to persons infected which is no good sign though in sound persons it often frees from the Head-ach and cools the Liver If this bleeding be too violent clap Ice-cold water about the Patients Neck or let him put his Pudenda in cold Vinegar CHAP. V. Of the Inflammation of the Tongue its rise and concomitants together with the Remedies WHen the Tongue is inflamed the whole Oesophagus or Weasand is inflamed also and this from beneath upward because the inward fire sends up its smoak all along as it were that chimney which like soot sticks to it drying and blackning the same But there is another Inflammation much more dangerous which taking its rise about the Heart and therefore is call'd the Inflammation of the Heart which proceeds from the great inflammation of the orifice of the Stomach situate near the heart in which is inserted the sixth pair of Nerves which maketh the said orifice very sensible of any pain This part being seized by so great an inflammation which is venomous withal it must in a manner harden and shrink and this heat is of that extent that the inner Membrane of the Stomach that of the Tongue being one and the same what befalls the Stomach the Tongue must needs be sensible of it Whence it comes to pass that if the Gall overflows and passeth into the Stomach the Tongue presently finds the bitterness of it or if the Stomach be full of slime or foul or the like the Tongue is soon affected therewith There is another kind of Inflammation by the Latins called Prunella alba This is of the same kind with the rest but not of the same degree for 't is not of so dry a nature as the others are but commonly is moist yet overlays all the Gums the Throat and the Weasand with such a tough white slime like a kind of Leather and so covers the Almonds with the same that sometimes it can hardly be removed even with Instruments The Tongue is as if it were crusted over with dough the Gums like an Oven that by the heat of fire is burnt white the Almonds cover'd as 't were with white leather and the Palate of the Mouth likewise And in this case if the Patient will speak he lalls and stutters his Tongue being burthen'd with a load of slime or if he make his Tongue wagg the slime spins out like a thred and so invades the Teeth as if they were laid over with varnish And when this varnish on the Teeth grows black as I have often observ'd it to do and drieth on them 't is a mortal sign of which Hyppocrates saith Quibus in febribus livores circumdentes nascuntur his fortes fiunt febres 4. Aph. 53. These are the three sorts of Inflammation for which let us now seek out the Remedies beginning from the last the White This is not to be master'd by gargarisins alone but the hand must be employed also Take therefore Cotton-wooll or Flax and wind it about a stick or rod and dip this in Vinegar and rake his Throat and Gums therewith yet taking care not to make it raw let him gargarise between and wash well his Mouth with Water and Vinegar or Mul-berry-juyce Privet that grows in the hedges or the middle rind of Haw-thorn boiled in Water and a little Vinegar then strained with a little Sal-armoniack put into it is in this case an excellent gargarism but if there be blisters upon the Tongue or elsewhere then take instead of Sal-armoniack a little unburnt Allom and mix it therewith If you can have the Juyce of Turnips or the Juyce of fresh House-leek dissolve therein also a little Sal-armoniack and use it to wet the stick wherewith thou cleansest the Throat of the Patient dipping it often therein and carrying it about the Vvula or Palate of the Mouth and you will see lumps come away as big as Pease The skin is under this Prunella alba fair and red but tender Whilst thou art cleansing the Patients Mouth let him often gargarise with the Waters above-specified and he will clear his Mouth of the loosen'd lumps If thou canst get Mul-berry-juyce mixt with Honey of Roses the Mouth will heal the better for upon this sort of Inflammation there usually follows a Putrefaction of the Mouth and in case thou perceivest any such thing take Wood-sorrel and the above said rind of Haw-thorn make a Decoction of it and put in it a little Allom and often gargarise with it Clean thy Teeth from the slime with Water well sharpned with Vitriol The common Inflammation of the Mouth may be cured with frequent washing of the Mouth taking a gargarism made of House-leek Lettice Night-shade or Self-heal Water mixing a little Honey of Roses and Mul-berry-juyce with it Of this gargarism the Patient is also to swallow a little thereby to moisten the Throat Some take House-leek and beat it and put to a pound of it half an ounce of Sal-armoniack mixing it well together And so they put it for some days in an earthen pot glased under ground then they distill of it a Water in Balneo or in Sand Which is excellent both to drink and to gargarise though the Sal-armoniack make it a little unpleasant But there is nothing better to allay this Inflammation than Niter which is so well known amongst Souldiers that they are wont to give one another Gunpowder to drink which Powder performs this effect not upon the account of the Coals or Brimstone but the Saltpeter For this cause Experienced Physitians and Chirurgeons endeavour to purifie Niter for this use that it may have the greater effect and this they do in manner following They take of the purest Niter they can get as much as they think fit they beat it to a fine powder and melt it in a large Crucible whilst it boils up and foameth they pour into it a little powdered Sulphur and so let it boil together till the blew Sulphur-flame ceaseth then they cast in more fresh Sulphur Which they repeat often and then pour out the Niter into an earthen vessel glased making Lozenges of it of which they put one pulverised into a quart of limpid water and so give the Patient to drink of it as much as he needs to quench his thirst Or they give of this purified Niter to their Patients labouring under this Inflammation the quantity of a ducat or half a ducat weight in Broath or in Ptisan till they find the Tongue cleared of its
and white Wax and melt them over the fire yet so as that you melt the Wax by it self and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaister Into this compound you must dip some fine lint and you 'l find it very useful for any angry part as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another as happens in hydropical and other swollen people whose belly so sinks down that the thighs suffer by it in which case such lints are to be put between the parts to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another A grangrene is cured with Sal-armoniac boiled in Urine especially in that of the Patient and clapping such Urine upon the part affected The quantity of the Sal-armoniac may be six drachms For frozen Feet take Gander-suet and Deer-suet dissolve them together and pour them into a white excavated Turnip and expose this for a while to the Air Rain Wind Hoar-frost Snow according as the season shall be Then mince the Turnip and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it that done squeeze it out and let the fat fall upon cold water and being there brought to consistence take it off and bring it over the helm from burned Wine and decant this carefully from it again and 't is duely prepared You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips beaten with Butter or Tallow and so clapt on CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practices for the Service of the honest Souldier THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix for the ease and good of Souldiers wherein some things will occurr not inferiour to those that have preceded But herein I have kept no order but set them down promiscuously yet faithfully to supply what may have been omitted before If you be troubled with the Tooth-ach coming from the cold in winter take the root of Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain and boil it in Vinegar and hold this Vinegar warm in your mouth and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain Or take the root of Elder boil it in half Wine and half Water and hold it warm upon the Teeth But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out and other fresh taken into you mouth of which I have found wonderful Effects The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine and laid on is esteem'd to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabs of Savin stale Fat Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oyl If your Limbs after long sickness be weak boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl and anoint such Limbs therewith Also the Oyl of Lillies in the valley and that of yellow Violets is good for the same purpose For worms in the Fingers bruise Parsicaria Arsmart and lay it on or take of a Piggs Bladder of Gall and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast make a Decoction of Scabious Chervil and Germander in two parts of wine one part of water and strain it and drink of it mornings and evenings Against the putrefaction of the Mouth make a Decoction of Privet in water adding afterwards a little Allum to it and use it for a gargarism Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn with a little Allum is of great effect in the same case Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes and a Lixivium made of it and clapp'd on cureth a Gangrene and the wild Fire especially if you mingle a little Oyl of Elder therewith If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oyl take the green middle rind of Elder and boil it in Oyl Olive and then strain the Oyl which done take fresh rind of Elder and proceed with it as before repeating it three or four times to make the Oyl the stronger You may add a little wine to it whilst 't is boiling but that must all boil away and so long till the Oyl cracks no more in the fire Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on draweth out splinters If you have the Itch or are scabby and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree wash your self with it Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder which is under the gray in Butter and anoint your self with it mixing if you will a little Brimstone therewith If you be troubled with the Ring-worm or any running Scab infuse Litharge in Vinegar and let it stand a night infused or make a Decoction of the same in Vinegar But your pain or vessel must be of brass This Vinegar mingle with Oyl of Elder or of Roses or the like and it will become a fine gray Salve curing such running Scabs as aforesaid and cooling also Inflammations If your Body be bound take Sage pulverised and mix it with grease and anoint your Navil with the quantity of a hasel-nut of it This I have with very good success advised to women in child-bed that were thus bound and obstructed If you will have it stronger mix with it the Gall of a Fish or of any Animal whatsoever but then you must not give it to a woman in child-bed Gromel by the Latins call'd Milium Solis pulverised and the weight of half a ducat of it taken in wine or broath provoketh urine yet must the belly be open'd first The same doth Linaria or Toad-flax boiled in wine or broath Likewise distilled water of Radishes repeating the distillation several times from other fresh Radishes Which will have the better effect if the Patient bath his lower parts in a bath made of Marsh-mallows Melilot and the like Gromel above-mention'd taken in warm broath expels the birth And so do the blossoms or buds of Walnut-trees Crabs-eyes also pulverised and taken in warm broath likewise Issop boiled in wine and drank warm This I have inserted for the sake of poor Souldiers-wives who amongst us often follow the Camp If they have any great After-pains let them bath their lower parts in a Bath made of Dill and Camomil-flowers And the yolks of hard Eggs beaten together with some convenient Oyl Nut-oyl is the best and a Plaister made of it and laid to the belly is also very good If they have too great a profusion of blood let them take a drachm of burnt Harts-horn and burnt Ivory in a convenient Vehicle In case of a mortal wound take of pure Turpentine four ounces wash it with fresh limpid water and then dissolve it over a mild fire which done mix with it two ounces or two ounces and an half of white Wax dissolved apart To this add about three ounces of Womans milk which is sucked by a Boy The Turpentine and Wax being somewhat cooled together must be well stirr'd and then poured on cold Vinegar whence when 't is brought to a consistence it is to be taken off and made into a Plaister and so laid