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A10354 The discouerie of the large, rich, and bevvtiful empire of Guiana with a relation of the great and golden citie of Manoa (which the spanyards call El Dorado) and the prouinces of Emeria, Arromaia, Amapaia, and other countries, with their riuers, adioyning. Performed in the yeare 1595. by Sir W. Ralegh Knight, captaine of her Maiesties Guard, Lo. Warden of the Sannerries [sic], and her Highnesse Lieutenant generall of the countie of Cornewall. Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618. 1596 (1596) STC 20634; ESTC S110574 74,398 128

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stone we also esteeme them of these I saw diuers in Guiana and commonly euery king or Casique hath one which their wiues for the most part weare and they esteem them as greate iewels But to returne to the enterprise of Berreo who as I haue said departed from Nueuo reygno with 700. horse besides the prouisions aboue rehearsed he descended by the riuer called Cassanar which riseth in Nueno reygno out of the mountaines by the citie of Tuuia from which mountaine also springeth Pato both which fall into the great riuer of Meta and Meta riseth from a mountaine ioyning to Pampelone in the same Nueuo reygno de Granada these as also Guaiare which issueth out of the mountaines by Timana fall all into Baraquan and are but of his heads for at their comming togither they loose their names and Baraquan farther down is also rebaptized by the name of Orenoque On the other side of the citie and hils of Timana riseth rio grande which falleth into the sea by Sancta Marta By Cassonar first and so into Meta Berreo passed keeping his horsemen on the bankes where the countrie serued them for to march and where otherwise he was driuen to embarque them in boates which he builded for the purpose so came with the currant down the riuer of Meta and so into Baraquan After he entred that great and mighty riuer he began daily to loose of his companies both men and horse for it is in many places violently swift and hath forcible eddies many sands and diuers Ilandes sharpe pointed with rocks But after one whole yeere iourneying for the most part by riuer and the rest by land he grew daily to fewer numbers for both by sicknes and by encountring with the people of those regions through which he trauelled his companies were much wasted especially by diuers incounters with the Amapaiens And in all this time he neuer could learne of any passage into Guiana nor any newes or same thereof vntill he came to a farther border of the saide Amapaia eight daies iourney from the riuer Caroli which was the farthest riuer that he entred Among those of Amapaia Guiana was famous but few of these people accosted Berreo or woulde trade with him the first three moneths of the six which he foiourned there This Amapaia is also maruellous rich in golde as both Berreo confessed and those of Guiana with whome I had most conference and is situate vpon Orenoke also In his countrey Berreo lost 60. of his best soldiers and most of all his horse that remained in his former yeeres trauell but in the end after diuers encounters with those nations they grew to peace and they presented Berreo with 10. Images of fine gold amōg diuers other plates and Croissants which as he sware to me and diuers other gentlemen were so curiously wrought as he had not seene the like eyther in Italy Spayne or the Lowe Countries and he was resolued that when they came to the handes of the Spanish king to whom he had sent them by his Campmaster they would appeare very admirable especially being wrought by such a nation as had no Iron instruments at all nor any of those helps which our gold smiths haue to work with all The particular name of the people in Amapaia which gaue him these peeces are called Anebas and the riuer of Orenoque at that place is aboue 12. English miles brode which may be from his out fall into the sea 700. or 800. miles This Prouince of Amapaia is a verie low and a marish ground neere the riuer and by reason of the red water which issueth out in small branches thorow the fenny and boggie ground there breed diuers poysonfull wormes and serpents and the Spaniards not suspecting nor in any fort foreknowing the danger were infected with a grieuous kind of flux by drinking therof and euen the very horses poisoned therewith In so much as at the end of the six months that they abode there of all their troups there were not left aboue 120. soldiers and neyther horse nor cattle For Berreo hoped to haue found Guiana by 1000. miles neerer than it fell out to be in the end by means wherof they sustained much want and much hunger oppressed with greeuous diseases and all the miseries that could be imagined I demanded of those in Guiana that had trauelled Amapaia how they liued with that tawny or red water when they trauelled thither and they tolde me that after the Sun was neere the midle of the skie they vsed to fill their pots and pitchers with that water but either before that time or towards the setting of the Sun it was dangerous to drinke of and in the night strong poison I learned also of diuers other riuers of that nature among them which were also while the Sun was in the Meridian very safe to drink and in the morning evening and night woonderfull dangerous and infectiue From this prouiuce Berreo hasted away as foone as the Spring and beginning of Summer appeered sought his entrance on the borders of Orenoque on the south side but there ran a ledge of so high impassable mountaines as he was not able by any meanes to march ouer thē cōtinuing from the east sea into which Orenoque falleth euen to Quito in Peru neither had he meanes to carrie victuall or munition ouer those craggie high and fast hils being all wooddy and those so thicke and spiny and so full of prickles thornes aud briers as it is impossible to creepe thorow them he had also neither friendship among the people nor any interpreter to perswade or treate with them and more to his disaduantage the Cassiqui and kings of Amapaia had giuen knowledge of his purpose to the Guianians and that he sought to sacke and conquer the Empire for the hope of their so greate abundance and quantities of gold he passed by the mouths of many greate riuers which fell into Orenoque both from the north and south which I forbeare to name for tediousnes and bicause they are more pleasing in describing than reading Ilstreo affirmed that there fell an hundred riuers into Orenoque from the north and south whereof the left was as big as Ria grande that passed between Popayan and Nueuo reyno de granada Ria grande being esteemed one of the renowned riuers in all the west Indies numbred among the great riuers of the world But he knew not the names of any of these but Caroli only neither from what nations they discended neither to what Provinces they led for he had no meanes to discourse with the inhibatants at any time neither was he curious in these things being vtterly vnlearned not knowing the east frō the west But of all these I got som knowlegde of many more partly by mine own trauel the rest by cōference of fom one I learned one of others the rest hauing with me an Indian that spake many languages that of Guiana