disposicion and hardnesse whiche it semeth to make in thexteriour partes bredeth muche more mischief inward lye stopping the pipes congeling humours letting exhalations y t alwaie couet to bee lose at libertee And besides this they y t vse cold baynes must of necessyte fall to the precise and prescripte dyet whiche we vtterly forbed euer carefull and doubteful lest if they omitte any iote prescribed euery fault foorthwith may bee sharpely laied to their charge But in vsing hotte baynes is much perdoÌ„ and libertee For y t decreaseth not so muche y e lustines strength of the body as it encreaseth health because it minystreth suche thynges as bee profytable frendely to digestion Those thinges that cannot bee digested it dooth without great grief sprede abrode and dissipate onlesse they bee crude sticke in the toppe of y e stomacke it recreateth and refresheth y e preuy werinesse â—nd with the heate dooth mitigate the same Yet wheÌ„ ye shall perceiue by nature declaryng the same that the bodie is in good tempere and well desposed it is better to leaue baynes and to be enoynted by the fyre if the body shall nede heate for because that doth conueigh bestowe the heat through all partes of the bodye In the soonne ye maye vse it neither to muche nor to lytle but after such measure as the temperatenesse of the ayre wyll suffer Hytherto haue we sufficieÌ„tly spoken of exercises now leat vs come to diet If y â— that we haue saied before concerning the restreynt and mytigation of appetite dooe anythyng auayle what shall we nede any further to geue preceptes rules If it bee peinful to entreat and handle the belly as one set at lybertee and out of prison and to contende with the paunche that lacketh eares as Cato saied then must we goo about to fede it with meates lyghter of digestioÌ„ That shalbe thus yf we fede charely on grosse meates of muche nutriment being set before vs as grosse fleshe cruddy meates dry figges hard egges Vtterlye to forbeare theÌ„ it wilbe hard Leat vs tede wel of such as be fine light of which sort bee diuers herbes wild foule suche fishe as is not fat It may so bee that takyng these ye shall content your appetite and yet not hurte your body But chiefely we must take hede of that crudite whyche cometh of eatyng fleshe because it doothe not onely make the body forthwâ—th very heauie but also their hurtfull leauinges dooe afterwarde remayne And it shalbe best so to accustome the body y t it desire not to eate fleshe For the ground doth bryng forth many thynges whiche be not only for the sustenauÌ„ce of man but also for delicacie and pleasur suffycient wherof some it so geueth that ye maye vse theim forthwith without anye businesse Other again beyng myngled with other thinges do sawce and make them very pleasauÌ„t Now forasmuche as vse and custome so lytle dothe differ frome nature that in a maner it is turned therunto we may not vse the eatyng of fleash to fyl the gredye appetite as woulfes and Lyons dooe but when we haue made a foundacion and grounde thereof it shalbe requisite then to fede on other meates those that shall moste agree with the nature of the bodye and that lest shal dulle the reasonable part of the mynde whyche then appereth and shyneth as out of a fyne and lyght matter Concernyng those thynges that bee lyquyde ye may not vse milke for a drinke but for a meate for that it causeth heauinesse and it is of muche nutrymente To wyne we maye saye as Euripides sayed to Venus God sende me to haue enough of the but not to muche nor to litle Truly wyne is a drynke muche profitable a medycine mooste pleasaunte a meate leaste of all hurtyng yf it be vsed temperately and receiued by lytle and lytle at ones rather by it self then alayed with water Water not onely if it bee mixte w t wyne but also a draught therof alone nowe and then emong wyne alaied maketh that that is alaied lesse hable to hurte And therefore we must daylye vse beside our generall diet to drynke twoo or three cuppes of water wherby the strength and force of the wyne maiebe abated And the body vsed to drynke water shall not bee offended with the straungenesse and noueltie therof nor refuse it when necessitie shall require Many menne sometyme desire wyne and then especially when water wer moste conuenient as when thei burne in the soonne or contrarily wheÌ„ thei bee veraie colde or when thei haue been muche occupied with talkyng or haue fixed their mynde on a thyng earnestly to bee shorte thei thynke that wyne ought to bee drounken after laboures and werynesse as though nature desyred some coumforte to bee geueÌ„ to the bodye to refresshe it after laboure But nature desire the no coumforte if ye call dilicacie coumforte But it lokethe for suche recreacion as is meane betwene pleasure and laboure Wherfore at suche tyme ye must eate lytell and drynke no wyne or at the least it must bee alaied and teÌ„pered with drynkyng water now and then For wyne beeyng vehemente and subtill in efficacie and vertue dooeth make the bodye that is alredy out of temper more out of temper And it dooeth exasperat and stiere more that that alredy is moued when it ought rather to bee assuaged and quieted for the whiche purpose water serueth Experience teacheth that if we drynke hotte water not when we bee thirstie but after werinesse or vehement commocion or heate we shall by and by perceiue inwardly a locyng or mollifiyng because the humour of the water is ientle and dooeth not binde On the coÌ„trarie parte drynkyng of wyne hath a greate violence and a strength nothyng frendely ne pleasaunt when disseases begynne to growe But because there bee that saie that hunger breedeth a drynesse and bytturnesse in the body if any manne feare that or if any like children thynke it harde to forbeare meate till the feuer come whiche he mistrusteth will come in deede it shalbe conuenient for hym to drynke water For oftentymes when we honour and celebrate the feaste of Bachus the god of wynes yet we lyue sobrely and absteyne from drynkyng wyne takyng vp a good vse that we dooe not allwaies desire wyne by it self vnmixed But Minos kynge of Creta emong other his lawes ordeined that pipyng should not bee vsed at the feastes of goddes nor dauncyng when thei mourned and yet we knowe y t the pensife mynde is not offeÌ„ded nor can bee hurted with melodye or myrthe but no bodye is so stroÌ„ge but it wylbee hurte if when it is moued and enflamed wyne bee put into it Menne saie that certaine people called the Lydes would eate but ones in two daies if any famyn or scarcitee of vitailles happened emoÌ„g theim the rest of the tyme they
royall maiestie maye many yeres more reigne ouer vs in moste prosperitee and felicitee and your good Lordeship long to serue and rule vnder his highnesse in honor and healthe At London the firste daye of Ianuarye in the yere of Christes incarnacyon 1543. ¶ The preceptes of PLVTARCHE for the conseruation of good healthe made in fourme of a dialogue The speakers MOSCHION ZEVSIPPVS GLAVCVS the Phisician was yesterday desirous freÌ„d Zeusippus to haue disputed with vs philosophically yf ye had not putte hym in feare ZEVSIPPVS That is not so frende Moschion neither I did dyscourage hym neither he was minded to conferre with vs. But rather I did escheue his company because I would not prouoke hym to stryfe that was desirous of it For wythout doubte in Physike he alone maye compare w t a greate many But he is not wel affected and minded toward Philosophie he hath alwayes in his talke some bytter ouerthwart and wayward toyes and at that tyme he was purposelye set and dysposed to bee out wyth vs criyng w t a lowde voyce y t he had enterprysed a verye naughtie parte that dysputyng howe men should liue to preserue their health dyd coÌ„found myngle together the lymytes of faculties He sayd that the professyon of Philosophers and Physicians were two thynges and seuerall euen as the borders of Misia and Phrigia bee dyuers And many thynges that we spake in dede I coÌ„fesse not verye cyrcumspectly nother as we mente but yet not wythout some profyte he repetyng dyd checke taunte and shake in pieces MOSCHION Yet Zeusipdus I would verye fain haue hearde bothe those and the reast ZEVSIPPVS You Moschion beeynge a Phylosophier naturall are dyspleased wyth a Phylosophier that doth not studie Phisike take it for a non decet yf he shuld thynke it hys part and office rather to seme to be occupyed in the studye of Geometrie Logike and Musyke then to searche out desyre to knowe what thynges good or euill bee doone in his owne house that is in hys bodie And yet a man shal see more resorte of people there where money is delte to the comers to allure theim as is vsed in Athens But Physike is so to bee estemed emong lyberal Sciences that for finesse clerenesse pleasauÌ„tnesse it may be compared wytb the rest And it draweth and enticeth menne to the studie loue therof with a bouÌ„tifull and large reward gifte whyche is holsomenesse of bodye and prosperous helth Wherfore menne may not bee displeased with philosophiers as though thei exceded their bouÌ„des yf thei dyspute of those thynges that bee mete profitable for good health but rather Philosophiers ought to bee chalenged accused if thei mingle not together sciences if they thought it not theyr veray dutie to bee sene generally in all thynges that bee honest appliyng theÌ„ selfes bothe to that y t in argumeÌ„t may delite and that for mannes life is necessary MOSCHION I pray the Zeusippus leat vs leaue talkyng of Glaucus who is so proude and so muche standeth in his owne coÌ„ceipt that he thinketh he hath no nede of Philosophie yet of good feloship repete you to me all the dysputacyon and fyrst if ye think good what Glaucus did reproue whyche ye saye ye spake not in earnest ZEVSIPPVS That same ioyle frend of ours saied that he heard a man saye that it was very profytable for bodely helthe to kepe alwayes the handes warme and not to suffer theim to bee colde And that the cold of the extreme partes of the bodye whyle it dyd dryue the heate inwarde dyd induce a famylyaritee custome of the feuer On the other parte in case those thynges that come outewardely vnto y e extreme partes dooe brynge and bestowe the matter together wyth the heate through all the bodye it is very holsome And therefore when we dooe anye thyng wherby our haÌ„des be occupyed theÌ„ the heate of it selfe by the mouyng of the bodye is brought into the membres and there kepte But when we dooe nothyng then ought the extreme partes to bee kept from colde Thys was one of the thinges that he had in derision An other was as I remeÌ„ber of meates that bee vsed to bee mynistred to the sycke he woulde that menne shoulde receiue and take theim long before to vse theim in the tyme of helthe that afterward as chyldren dooe we dooe not abhorre and lothe that dyet but he woulde we shoulde make theim by lytle and lytle acqueynted famyliar wyth the stomake so that in syckenesse we shoulde not therewyth as wyth medicines bee offended And that we should not bee greued if necessytee should compell vs to take y e that were sodden wythout spices other ingredience Hys mynde was also that somtyme we should alter our dyet and take our meate although we wer not wasshed before in the bayne and that we should now and then drynke water when we had wyne presente and an other whyle warme drinke albeit we had snowe to alaye the heate as in some places it is vsed despisyng theim that for ostentation and vnder the colour of temperaunce bostyng and crakyng dooe absteyn from suche thiÌ„ges But rather leat vs of our selfes by lytle lytle so accustome the stomake that when nede shalbe it maye w tout grefe take that that is profytable And leat vs put clere out of memorie when we bee sycke ouer muche scrupelous supersticious care of suche thynges that we maye not lamente wyth those that howle and crye that they be brought from their olde delycate and pleasaunte life to that fylthye and base kynde of dyet Certes that goodlye saiyng Choose the best kynde of lyuyng Vse shall make it plesauÌ„t is veray ê“fitable in what soeuer ye shall go about and chiefly in those thynges that concerne the dyet of y e bodye and the maner of liuyng By vse of those thynges that be holsome ye shal make theim freÌ„des acquainted and famyliar with nature remembryng what many in their syckenesse bothe suffer and dooe how greuously thei take it how thei can scace suffer to receiue warme water a supping or a soppe of brede callyng not only those thynges detestable and vnsauerye but also those that compell theim to receiue y e same detestable and lothesom Moreouer baynes haue destroyed many meÌ„ne vsed at y e first not when thei wer verie sicke but because thei could not nor wer able to receiue sustenauÌ„ce onlesse thei had been first wasshed wherof Titus theÌ„perour was one as thei reporte that wayted on hym whilest he was sicke He did also besydes reprehende this that sclender and leane bodyes wer euer more healthier that ingurgitacion fyllyng of y e pauÌ„che dronkennesse vnmesurable vse of delicates wer chiefly to bee takeÌ„ hede of and eschewed of theim that entende to make solempne banquettes or dooe prepare to receiue their freÌ„des with feastes or y t bee inuited by some
Potecaries call grana Cnidia and Samonie an houge quantitee of suche lyke thynges that can so lytle pourge nature y t thei them selfes haue more nede to bee pourged Wherfore it shal be best to kepe the body by moderate sobre dyet in suche case concernynge emptinesse and replecions that it shall not nede of it And if it shalbe requisite at any tyme to renewe the state of the bodye then vse a vomyte wythout medicines and without tormente suche as maye nothyng trouble you For in like maner as clothes washed in a bucke and scoured with ashes and salt peter be more freted and wasted then when thei bee washed in fayre water so vomytes that bee forced with medicynes do more hurt corrupt and consume the body When a man is bound there is no better medicyne theÌ„ to vse suche meates that wyll easely moue and styrre and gentlye lose the bellye Whereof wheÌ„ ye haue familiar experience the vse therof is wythout griefe If it wyl not bee losed with those meates ye muste drynke water many dayes or kepe abstinence and afterwarde receiue a clister rather then any medicines because thei bothe trouble and corrupte the body And yet the commen people verie gredyly lightly desire theim but for none other purpose then harlottes vse sorcery to make aborsions and to destroye that thei haue in their woÌ„bes to theÌ„tent thei maie quickely fall ayen to lechery but leat vs passe these thynges Those y t bee to muche diligent and prescribe to theim selfes abstinence fastâ—ng at certain tymes dooe not well For thei wheÌ„ nature nedethe not dooe teache it to nede scarcitee of meate and by vse maketh abatement and minisshyng of meate necessarie whiche ought to bee geuen in tyme. It is better to adde suche correccions frely when nede shalbe then to vse prescribed tymes But when ye fele not nor suspecte any dissease toward you it shalbe requysite to prepare so for all the other rate and order of your diet that vpoÌ„ occasion geuen it maie easily and for the profite of the bodye suffer noueltie and bee obediente not to serue and to bee bounde to that trade of liuyng so taught and vsed that it must of necessite bee reduced vnto certeyn tymes quaÌ„titees and courses For that is neither sure nor easy nor good maner and it appereth rather to bee the life of an oyster that gapeth at certayne tydes or of a stocke rather then of a manne For thei that so tye theimselfes at all tymes to one trade in meates abstynences exercises or reste dooe bryng theim selfes to a vaine and vile life phantasticall that no manne vsethe clene contrarye to amytie glorie and ciuilytee And that I saied I commended not Veryly good healthe is not made nor ordeyned to bee idle and at rest whiche bee the twoo greatest mischiefes that bee annexed w e sickenesse And there is no difference betwene hym that preserueth the syght of his eies by that meanes that he maye see nothyng and his voice that yt maye not speake and betwene hym that thynketh that good health cannot bee preserued but by not vsyng and not exercisyng thesame And although he fare well yet he nothyng the more profiteth hymself to dooe dyuers thynges y t belong to humanite ientlenes Theâ—fore we maie not thynke that idlenes is holsome for it destroieth y t wherfore health is desired And it is not true that thei fare better y t liue in quiete For Xenocrates that liued in moste quyet fared no better then PhocioÌ„ who was still occupied nor Theophrastus better then Demetrius And the fleyng of administracion of thynges and ambicion nothyng auailed Epicure or his Epicurians to that state of the bodye that thei so muche commended But the naturall habite state of the body must bee preserued by other meanes so that in all kyndes of liuyng we ought to remeÌ„bre that there is in the bodye of man one place for sickenesse an other for health And yet those y t haue to dooe in matters of y e coÌ„men wealth I saied must bee otherwyse admonyshed then Plato vsed to teache his scholars Departyng out of the schole he vsed to saie to theim Take hede my children that ye bestowe this idle time in some honest thyng But we wyll exhorte suche as haue to dooe in the commen wealthe to exercyse theim selfes in honest and necessary laboures and that they stiere not y e bodye for light meane maters Many troublyng them selfes for euery matier watchyng takyng iourneyes rydyng vp and down fal into sickenesse wheÌ„in y e meane season thei do nothyng profitatable or for thaduauncement of a coÌ„men wealth but lye in awayte to hurte do enuye hate others and hunte for a lytle vayne vnprofitable glorie That that Democritus saied agreeth chieflye agaiÌ„st theim if I be not deceiued If y e body should sue his tenauÌ„t the mynde it could not bee auoyded but he should be found giltie for euill vsyng his offyce PerchauÌ„ce Theophrastus saied true wheÌ„ by a metaphore he saied that y e mynde gaue the body a great rewarde and fyne to admytte hym to be his tenaunt For verily the body receiueth more hurte then y e mynde not vsyng his lorde as is conuenient nor regardyng hym as he ought For as ofte as the mynde is occupyed in his affeccicions laboures and cares he fauoureth not the body I meruaill therfore what Jason ment when he saied the lawe must be broken in trifles to thentent that iustice maye be executed in greate matiers We will vpoÌ„ a good grouÌ„d warne hym y t is a minister in the commeÌ„ wealth to be remisse and quyet to take his ease when he hath but trifles to dooe to coumforte recreat hym self in theim yf he wyll haue his bodye hable to suffer paynes in notable and harde matiers not sicke dull or weake to hynder hym but as it were healed and renewed in an ydlenesse and reste whilest he wer on shipbourde so that when the mynde shall call hym againe to his necessarie affayres he maie folowe his trade as the colt vsed to sucke renneth with the dame Wherfore wheÌ„ they may for their busynesse leat theim couÌ„forte and cherishe theim selfes leat theim defraude the body neither of slepe neither of meate nor of suche ease and recreacion as is meane betwene pleasure and payne and doeth not obserue prescripte time For as burnyng â—roÌ„ wasteth beyng quenched in water after it is dryuen out and beaten together with vehemeÌ„t laboure so is the body of maÌ„ne consumed by alteracioÌ„s sometyme ouercharged laden w t busynesse another while drouned ouerwhelmed in pleasures and when after beeyng made dissolute and feble through bodelye pleasure and drynkyng wyne it is forced to come to hear causes or to exercyse some lyke funccion whiche requireth sore laboure effectuall diligence and earneste studie Heraclitus beynge syck of the dropsie willed his phisician to tourne the shoure
her abhominable coÌ„uersacioÌ„ would then saye that many bought the dregges or lyes for the name and glorie of y e wyne vndoubtedly it wer a thyng muche to bee meruailed at if we shuâ—d escape hurt yeldyng to y e bodye all suche pleasures as nature either desireth or is able to beare yea to take no harme where for our businesse we should so striue with her desires as we would differre the vse of veraie necessarye pleasures when nature required theim or then to avoyd dauÌ„ger when as Plato saieth we should as oft as appetite incensed or moued vs vtterly yelde to all kynde of lustes Neither maye it by any reason bee that desires and lustes of nature whiche out of kynde dooe breake out of the mynde into the bodye forcyng thesame to obeye folowe her lustes shall so clene retourne but that thei shall leaue behynd in y e same veray greuous great incoÌ„modities of her foÌ„de vayne feble pleasures It is in no wyse coÌ„uenieÌ„t to prouoke and stiere y e body to pleasure through the desire of y e mynde For it is against nature y e pleasure should froÌ„ thens procede For likewyse as y e ticklyng of y e armepittes do not mynister to the herte cause of hertie nor earnest laughyng but displeasaunt like to a crampe whiche causeth a manne to seeme to laugh when he doeth not So whatsoeuer pleasures the bodye stired and troubled receiueth of the mynde they bee like hardes soone set on fyre and soone out troublyng the nature and coÌ„trarie therto Wherfore whensoeuer any notable or dentie dishe shalbe set before vs to bee eaten we ought rather to seke glorye by absteinyng then by eatyng remeÌ„bryng y t as the philosophier Simonides saied it neuer repented hym that he helde his peace but ofte that he spake so leat it not repent vs at any tyme y t we haue refused eatyng neither y t we haue drouÌ„ke water in y e stede of strong wyne but rather on the coÌ„trarye parte not onely nature ought not to bee enforced to these thynges but also if any thyng be set before vs y t she desyreth it shalbe rather coÌ„uenient for vse exercyse oftentymes to call backe and tourne her from her appetites to light thynges such as she is vsed w t. For if we shal breake y e law saith the Thehane although not rightly let vs breake it to rule gouerne But leat vs mende that saiyng and saie If we shall nedes desire glorye leat vs desire it for y e loue of health by abstynence froÌ„ suche delycacies Yet there is a greate noumbre in whom nygardenesse and gluttonye bee ioyned together that in their owne houses can restrayne their appetites and bee lordes ouer theim but when thei are at others tables laye their handes about theim on euery syde their tethe ceasse not gryndyng as long as the belye will holde euen as thei dooe that come to the sackyng of a towne in tyme of warre snatchyng and ryflyng as though no more suche praies should chaunce But their rewarde is at hande soone after their bodies weaxe vnlusty their heddes heauye dull the nexte daie thei faill not of cruditie of stomake Crates therfore thynkyng that sedicions tyrannyes grewe in coÌ„meÌ„ wealthes through deÌ„tie meates and superfluitee by a mery woorde gaue this taunte vnto a certain manne Syrha ê™ he make no sedition in the commen wealthe by enlargyng thy disshes wheÌ„ litle meate wil serue But let euery manne dispose and enioyne hym selfe to a competent rate not vtterly contempnyng cresses oliues and other commeÌ„ fare and in steede thereof fall to delicate made meates deyntie fysshes and costelye disshes and so through surfaityng reyse w tin his bodye sedition trouble and a flixe For y e comen meates cause y e appetite shal not desire more theÌ„ serueth nature But the cunning of those that bee deuysers and dressers of dyuersytee of meates their subtyll dyshes their swete sauces alwayes dooe sette forwarde and encrease the lymytes of appetyte and corrupte the vertue and holsomnesse of the meate But yet I can not see how it hangeth together that we should abhorre and haue in disdain women that seke to haue the loue of menne with drynkes and charmes when we hyre Cookes pastelers and suche others to corrupte our meates with their confectyons I had almoste forgotte my selfe and called it Sorceries and Juglynges Therfore that Arcesilaus sayth soÌ„what bitterly againste aduoutecers and lecherous persones It forceth not whether the acte bee dooen naturallye or unnaturally Yet it agreeth well with that wherof we now speake For what difference is there to bee playne betwene these twoo whether ye moue and stiere intemperaunce to sensualitee with plaies and gestes or prouoke the taste with swete odours and deintyes so that alwayes we should nede clawynge and rubbing as scabbed membres dooe But an other season perchaunce we will speake ayenst sensualitee and set foorth how honest a thing of it selfe temperaunce is oure purpose nowe is to treate of the diuersite and greatnesse of sâ—nsuall pleasures We bee not hindred nor dooe we lose so many matters so many hopes so many iourneys so many exercises through disseases as we dooe pleasures And therfore is it not expedieÌ„t for hym y t moste seketh for pleasure to neglecte the healthe of his bodie Many there bee in deede to whom sycknesse is none impedimeÌ„t but y t they maye applie their studye ne to others but that they maye bee in y e warres ne to some but that they may dooe their duetye in the commen weale but the bodyly pleasure is suche that in sickenesse no manne can haue the veray fruicion therof Yet the delectacioÌ„s that come therof beyng of their veray nature shorte bee not pure but veray much mixed and enterlarded with hurtes maye bee compared to a litle faire wether or sonne shinyng that happeneth in y e middest of a greate tempest or storme And verely Venus beareth no rule when the bely is glutted but rather when the bely is quiet and at rest For the ende and perfection of loue is pleasure as it is of meat drinke And pleasure receiueth no lesse coÌ„moditee of health of the bodye then sea gulles take of the calmenesse of the wether y t suffreth theim to lay their egges and to hatche forthe their birdes Prodicus sayed veraye feately that the fyre was the best sawce And so maye a manne saye veray truly that health is y e moste heaueÌ„ly and mooste pleasaunte sawce of all For if a manne bee sycke or haue eaten to muche or haue an euyll stomacke meates though they bee sodde rosted or broyled bee neither sauerie ne pleasaunt But if he bee in perfecte healthe and haue a good and pure appetyte there is nothyng that commeth amisse euery thyng is swete touthsome holsome and such as he wyll be desyreeus to haue a snatche at
in y e belly MeÌ„ne take it for a great shame to bee a houngred but they maye well thynke it a greater reproche if any go to y e baynes with a rawe stomake ouerladen or puffed out with meate eueâ— as they should bryng to y e sea an olde rotteÌ„ shyp y t leaketh Vereli in like maner as some Maryners bee ashamed to kepe the shore in a great tempest but after not able to brooke the seas bee with more shame cast on lande criyng out and vomityng so those that perceyue theyr bodye disposed to sickenesse whyle they thynke it a reproche to kepe their bed or to forbeare meate for a daye are afterwarde to theyr greate shame constreined to kepe it many dayes whylest they bee pourged rubbed emplaistred enointed whyle they muste bee at all coÌ„maundementes of the PhisicyaÌ„s while they desire to drinke wyne or colde water beyng compelled in the meane season partely for feare not onely to saye but also to dooe many thinges bothe contrarye to reason and also vncomlye But it shalbee requisyte to enstructe and warne those that beeyng drouned in sensualite bee not lordes of their selfes but disposed and geuen to affectes lustes bee rapte hedlong into the same how the greatest parte of pleasures delectacions comen of the bodye selfe and as the Lacedemonians when they gaue their cookes vineagre and salte wylled theim to seke out other sawce in the meate it selfe so the best sawce for any kynde of meate is to bee receiued into a lusty whole and clene bodye for a thynge maye bee swete and deintye of it selfe withoute confectyons It is made after this sorte pleasaunte yf it bee receiued into a bodye that hath delyte and pleasure thereto that liueth accordyng vnto nature But on the contrary parte if they chaunce to come into a body that hathe no phansie therunto beeyng crude and euil disposed they lose their relyse and vertue Therfore this is not to bee pondered wehther the fishe bee newe or the breade fyne and pure whether the bayne bee warme but a manne must consyder in what case he hym selfe is whether his stomacke standeth ayenste it or whether he bee out of quiet whether his bodye bee corrupted or throughlye distempered whiche thing if he dooe not this shall folowe y t as yf a sorte of reuellers and drouÌ„kardes come into a place wheâ—e people bee mournyng and sorowful they shal cause no pleasure nor mirthe but rather make theim to crye out so yf Venus meates baines wynes bee myngled in a bodye that is euell dysposed and vnnaturally affected they brede and make no pleasure but the humours whiche as yet bee not perfectely corrupted they stiere and trouble and more and more prouoke phleugme cholere Moreouer there is no delectacyon in theim greately to bee estemed neither the pleasure of the fruicioÌ„ of theim doth aunswer to the expectation Therfore the precise diet obserued to the vttermust poincte bothe maketh the bodye fearfull and subiecte to perilles and breaketh the strength and courage of the mynde whyle it refuseth all busynesse whyle yt dare not bee occupyed neither in pleasure nor in laboure whyle it hathe in suspiction the doynge of euery thyng lest it shoulde hurte and gooeth aboute nothyng courageously and boldely But y e body must bee ordered as the shypmen dooe their sayles in a calme weather who neither take theim in nor vtterly strike theim down nor suffer their sheates to bee lose theim selfes beyng neglygent or slouthfull when they thyncke a storme toward So it is conuenient to take hede to make the body lighte prest wheÌ„ we looke not for crudite flixe burnyng or dulnesse which thinges bee messagers tokeÌ„s y t the feuer is at hand yet some ther be y t when thei perceiue theÌ„ selfes alredy distempered doo scacely then fall to good diet But rather before sykenesse come we ought to preuent prouide for it as shipmeÌ„ do agaynst a teÌ„pest wheÌ„ thei se the northeÌ„ wynd doth sheuer wherle the toppe of the water of the seas Forverely it is a thing repugnauÌ„t to al reason a very fondnes diligeÌ„tly to obserue marke the alteration of the wetherby criyng of crowes the crowing of cockes the hogges towsyng the straw about their eres as though thei wer mad as Democritus was woÌ„t to say and not to note and perceiue the motioÌ„s stormes of the body and other prognosticatioÌ„s of diseases to be ignorauÌ„t in y e tokens wherby ye shal perceiue a tempest towarde in youre selfe Wherfore it shalbe requisite and expedient to obserue and note the body not only in his meates and exercises whether it be offended or dooe grudge at theÌ„ more theÌ„ he was wont or whether it bee more thirsty or desyrous of meat theÌ„ it vsed to bee but also ye must mark if ye slepe not souÌ„dly if ye be troubled or vexed therin if ye make many slepes It shalbe also well dooen to note y e absurdites of dremes For if ye haue any foule or vnacustomed visioÌ„s it betokeneth y t the body is replenished w t grosse humours or the spirites vitall of the body bee distempered wythin By the affections and dispositioÌ„s of the mynde a manne maye also gather whether y e body be disposed to a dysease For ofteÌ„ tymes it happeneth that a manne shalbe sad and pensife without iust cause and bee putte sodenly in feare Some bee also mad angrie and wilbe offeÌ„ded and displeased quickely Other wilbe sad wepe and mourne for a trifle and this happeneth as ofte as euell vapoures sower and grosse exhalacioÌ„s dooe stoppe or occupie the cyrcuites of the mynde Wherefore those persons to whoÌ„ suche thynges dooe chauÌ„ce must coÌ„sider and remember that yf y e occasion procede not of the mynde it must come of the body whiche requireth to be kept more temperate abated It shall dooe good also that a manne hauyng his freÌ„des disseased dooe aske y e cause therof not to theÌ„teÌ„t to chattre sophistically nothyng to y t purpose of deÌ„sitees incideÌ„cies and coÌ„mutacions and suche like folishe termes and to shewe and osteÌ„te how cuÌ„nyng and well seen he is in doctours names but wheÌ„ he shall not negligeÌ„tly heare this light and commen thynges y t is of surfaictyng emptines werynes dreames he ought chiefly to enquire what dyet he kepte when he fell into the feuer and afterwarde to saie as Plato was wont to saie seyng other mennes faultes that I herafter bee not in y t case Thus of his frendes sickenes and euilles it is requisite y t a manne prouide for hymself and take hede and remember that he come not to the like that he like wise kepte in his bedde haue not cause to prayse and desire y t moste precious iewell of health But wheÌ„ an other is sicke he will note with hymself what a iewell it is to bee in health and bee diligent that hauyng that treasure he preserue
it well regarde it and fauour it It shall not bee vnprofitable also if we remember by our selfes what our dyet is for if it shall chaunce that we shalbe at drinkyng or feastyng or at great labours and other intemperate busynesse the body in the meane season not suspectyng ne felyng any dissease yet it shalbe best for vs of our owne myndes to take hede and preuent that after venereall actes or werines we kepe y â— body in quiet and rest that after surfaictyng and quaffyng we drynke water And specially if we haue eateÌ„ meates heauy of digestioÌ„ as of flesshe or other meates of diuerse sortes theÌ„ it shalbe requisite to eate littell and to leaue nothyng superfluous in y e bodye For as these thynges of theim selfes are the cause of many disseases so thei brede mater geue strength to other And therfore it is notably saied y t to eate without saturite to bee lusty to labour to conserue naturall seede bee thynges moste holsome For verily immoderat coÌ„gressioÌ„ w t women because it pulleth out chiefly y t strength whereby the meate is digested bredeth verie muche suê‘fluitie therefore leat vs repete our communicacion settyng euery thyng in his place order first leat vs talke of suche exercises as bee meete for those y t bee geuen to y e studie of good lettres But as he whiche saied y t it was nothyng nedefull to wryte vnto theim y t dwell by y e sea costes any medicines for the touthe ache did in y t woordes teache theim to vse saltwater so maye a manne saie we ought not to prescribe to studentes preceptes of exercisyng their bodyes forasmuche as the daily vse of disputacions if it bee vsed by mouth is a maruelous exercise and profitable not onely for y e health but also to y e streÌ„gth of the body I meane not suche strength as wrastlers haue nor y t retcheth y e skynne froÌ„ y e fleshe or dooeth make a scurfe on it stoppeth it w tout as masons do a wal of a house but suche as dooeth in the liuely vitall partes whiche vital partes we maie moste aptely call ours geue and encrease an inwarde strength and a perfecte lustynesse And to proue that the breathe muche encreaseth the streÌ„gth of the body the masters teachers of wrastlers dooe declare coÌ„mauÌ„dyng theim to rubbe one another to bee alwaies pattyng iently beatyng y e skynne to preserue y e partes of the bodye w t enoyntyng continual handlyng And for asmuche as y â— voice is a mouyng and stirryng of the breath whiche worketh not lightly nor on the outsyde but in the inwarde partes at y e veraie founteyn encreasyng heate makyng the bloodde subtile pure pourgyng the veynes openyng the sinewes it suffereth not y e superfluous humours to weaxe grosse nor to congele whiche like dregges remayn in y e place where the meate is receiued and digested Therefore they must endeuour chiefly to vse make theimselfes famylyar w t this kynd of exercise contynually disputyng talkyng readyng or repetiÌ„g if thei suspect their body to be any thyng wery or weake For what ê“porcion ridyng on horsbacke or in a wagoÌ„ or like beyng caried hath to y e violent labour of wrastlyng rennyng suche like stroÌ„g exercises thesame ê“portioÌ„ coÌ„parisoÌ„ hath readyng w t a lowde voice to disputacion For readyng doeth as it wer in the wagon of an other maÌ„s talke ieÌ„tly moue vs after a quiet sorte coÌ„ueigheth carieth our voice But disputacion hath annexed vnto it straynyng of the voice a kind of enforcemeÌ„t wheÌ„ y e labour of y e mynde w t y e labour of y e bodye bee clapsed together Howbeit we must refrayne froÌ„ to lowde noyse brallyng clamour For vnmeasurable straynyng violeÌ„ce of y e breath do induce and cause craÌ„pes rupturs But wheÌ„ your repeticioÌ„s disputacioÌ„s be ended before ye walke it shalbe coÌ„uenieÌ„t to vse warme ieÌ„tle soft smoth fricacioÌ„s or rubbiÌ„g w t oyle to make softe y e fleashe so faire to wipe it as y e skyn fleashe beyng opened y e inwarde humours maye haue the more free course to come out and y t the spirite maie in due proporcion ientely sprede abrode into thextreme partes of the body Leat this bee your proporcion y t ye vse it so long tyll ye perceiue your body pleasaunte lustie Whosoeuer after this sorte quieteth recreateth the motion or trouble growen within and y e intencioÌ„ streinyng of y t breaeth shal neither fele griefe ne heauynesse of suê‘fluitee And although the time will not serue or his busynesse will not suffer hym to vse walkyng yet ther shalbe no dauÌ„ger for nature self hath corrected and emended y t belonged to her Neither let to do this while ye be on shipbourd or beyng in y t coÌ„meÌ„ ynne no nor although euery maÌ„ laugh at you Veryly where it is no dyshonestie to eate there it is no shame to walke â–ª but rather it is more dyshonestye to feare shipmeÌ„ horsekepers hostelers tapsters mocking you not because ye play at y e sphere wherlegyg or tables or dooe not exercise to fyght with your own shadow but because in youre exercyse ye dooe dyspute teache demauÌ„d questions learne or exercise the memorie wherfore Socrates vsed to say that he y t would leape nedeth a large roome to exercise hym self but he y t would occupy hym selfe in singing or speakynge euery place woulde serue bothe to stande sitte One thing also in that must bee forseen that knowyng our selfes to haue surfaicted or to haue exercised y e body ouer muche with woman or y t we bee wery we bee not to vehement of spirite nor crye out ouer loude whiche is a coÌ„men practise emong lawiers schoolemen criyng out and exclaming more theÌ„ nedeth some for glorye and ambicyon and some hired to bee at a barre or at coÌ„men disputacions Our frende Niger professyng sophistrye in Galatia by chaunce had swalowed in the backe bone of a fyshe In the meane season while an other Sophiste being a strauÌ„ger had begoonne to exercise his feate Niger fearing to be preuented by hym to bee defrauded of his glory and praise if he should gâ—â—â— place the bone sticking styll in his throte he beganne also to crye out But the place beginniÌ„g to â—wâ—ll and to bee harde and he not hable to abyde the paine was forced to bee launced and cut to bee serched veray depe with an instrument of yron y e boâ—e was tâ—ken out but y e wound being made veray daungerous renning dispeched y e man of his lyfe Some man will remembre this an other tyme wheÌ„ he seeth cause But it is rather ambityon and y e parte of a youÌ„g foole then a thiÌ„g healthfull to vse cold baines after labour of the body for the euyll
The stuâ— of philoâ—phiers â—v the boâ—is to bee â—ed for â—or heate MeÌ„ne mâ— vse in heaâ— some partâ— diet y â— muâ— bee had iâ— time of siâ—nesse meates â—ee exhibitâ—in syckeâ—e â—w the stoâ—ke is to â— accustoâ— The best kynde oâ— liuyng to bee choseâ— Vse of thynges â—any men â—roied by â—nes â—e and â—er boâ— are the â—e healâ— The savâ— of good fâ—lowship eâ—mies to health Gluttonie â—st not â— laied on â—ttonie â—nerie conâ—pte and â— of Phiâ—pus To feastyng we must bryâ— a perfecâ— appetite Good maâ—er vamaâ—erly How both to kepe teâ—perauÌ„ce aâ— to please coÌ„paigniâ— Alexandâ— dyed of vâ— measuraâ— quaffyng â—iglus â–ª Socrates â—e when â—ee well Many â— surfaictâ— vain glâ— The inâ—perauncâ— voluptuâ— personeâ— The soâ— taill of â— luptuoâ—nesse prâ—dyng of mynde â—sures â—asaunt â—e glorie â—th of â—nyng of eaâ— The saiyâ—â— of Simoâ—â—des The appâ—tite musâ— sometym bee restrâ—gned â—ny that â—ytle eaâ— at home â—luttons â—de â— guarâ— of gurâ—ndyng The saiyâ— of Crates â—gainst supâ—fluitee in fare Surfaictyâ— reiseth seâ—cion witâ— the bodye Diuersitee sauces â—oe corrupt â— holsom â—s of the eate The saiyng of Arcesâ—laus ayenst lecherous persones Who would â—aue pleaâ—ure must â—ot neglecte â—ealthe Sickenesse â—oste coÌ„traâ—ie vnto pleaâ—ures â—leasures â—n sickenesse â—ke to sonne shinyng in storâ—e The satyâ— of Prodicâ— Healthe thâ— best sauce all â—ealth maâ—th al thing â—uerye â—emades â—iyng of the â—theniens The falsâ— clooke of oâ— foly in tyâ— of â—yckeneâ— The saiyâ— of Lisimachus â— weâ—emeaâ—s haue oft â—mes soure â—uce The appâ—tites muâ— bee resisteâ— Appetite compared to a childe â—ow Tiâ—theus did â—ise Plaâ—is fare â—exanders â—kes and â—â—ce Labourâ— or cold soÌ„tyme â— sickenesâ— The boâ— replenish w t humoâ— is apte qâ—kely to râ—ceiue sickâ—nesse â—ier charâ—g y e stoâ—ke must diligeÌ„tly â—yded â—ow y e stoâ—acke must â— preserued Disseasâ— the begâ—nyng mâ—â— bee lookâ—â— vnto Moste pâ—â—â— of disseaâ—â— geue waâ—nyng ere 〈◊〉 come Foresignâ—â—â— of sickeneâ—â— Hippocâ—â—tes lesson 〈◊〉 sickenes â—â—warde â—e folishe â—erdyng â—ome perâ—es in dietyng â—m selfes â—de shame disseÌ„bling â—enesse Hope maâ—th some to â—de in sickâ—s Thereme of Cato â—gainst hoâ— Better it to absteyâ— with healtâ— then to eaâ— and bee sickâ— The proche gluttoniâ— Plâ—â—eâ—â— bee geuâ— sickeneâ— â—he best â—e for â—e is to â—eceiued a whole â—e How meates are maâ— delectable More râ—pecte muâ— bee had tâ— bodie felfâ— then to thâ— meates Ouer prâ—cise diet iâ— not best â—ckeÌ„s that â—e feuer is hande â—nes must prouided before it ne By whaâ— thynges state of y e dy maye gathered perceiued Sophisticâ— bablyng stede of gâ— counsaileâ— A marine ought to bee warneâ— by others faultes â—ltha preâ—is iewell â— so to bee â—t â—e must â—e maÌ„ne hymself â—ember â— diete What iâ— bee dooen â—ter surfaâ—tyng or mâ—tes heauiâ— digestion â–ª What thyâ—ges are mâ— holsome Venus huâ—tefull to tâ— health â—utuall diâ—tacioÌ„s of â—udentes a â—eruaillous â—oo exerciâ—e â— the bodye what streÌ„â— studeÌ„tes â—quire by â—sputacionâ— Breathâ— muche encreaseth thâ— strengthe â— the bodye The voice stiereth the breathe â—eadyng â—o lowd voice kynd of exâ—cise Disputâ— a stroÌ„geâ—â—ercise thâ— readynâ— Clamor streigny of the brâ—is hurte After dâ—tacioÌ„s â— bee vsed rubbyng fore walkyng â—hole naâ— of hâ—r correcâ— tâ—at is â—sse in y â— â—ye â—e of the â—th muâ—t bee negâ—d The saiâ— of Socraâ— for exerciâ— the bodye HauiÌ„g alâ—dy surfaiâ— we must fâ—beare â—eâ— â—loudes â—kyng â—iger the â—phiste â— he died Colde â—nes afteâ—â—bour of â— bodye aâ— hurtefulâ— â—e vtilitee â—tte batâ— Enoynt in stead baynes The pauâ— hath no eâ—res said â— to â—he order â—tet â—osse vian â— â—â—e meaâ— â—diteâ— of â—yng fleshe â—efely to be â—ewed Muche eâ—tyng of flâ—â—s to bee â— steined The groâ— briÌ„geth foâ— enoughe tâ— fede oâ— Custome nexte cosâ— to nature Fedyng fleshe muâ— be moderâ— â—he vsyng thynges â—uide â—ilke must â— vsed for â—eate and â—t for a â—nke he saiyng Euripides Venus â—yne â—ater Water daâ— to bee droâ—ken â—ature reâ—ireth no â—licacie Wyne must â—ee alaied w t â—ater Water loceth moâ—fieth inwâ—dely â—we made Minos â— of Creâ— The pâ— mynd is hurted â— melodie The câ—stome of Lydes iâ— tyme of scarcitee Studenâ— haue mâ— meanes â— restreignâ— appetite â—gainst â—m that â—llowe â—utyng reasoâ—g at â—les A pause tâ— bee made â—twene supâ— and gooiâ— to bed The minâ— after meaâ— must bee â— quiete asâ— as the bodâ— â—xercise of â—deÌ„tes afâ— supper Aristotle â— opinion oâ— walking â—ter supper â—omites â—rgacious â—t to bee vâ— but in ne â—ytee The hurtfulnes of vâ—mite â—urgaâ—yoÌ„s â—d medyciâ—s dooe ofâ—n tymes â—ore harme â—en good â—ow the hoâ— maye bee â—ewed yf â—de shalâ—e â–ª â—he way to â—e the belly â—hen it is â—unde Clisters better 〈◊〉 purgacioâ— Why the men sortâ— people tâ— purgacioâ— Idlenes aâ— rest bee tâ— of y e chiefâ— eiuilles thâ— bee toynâ— w e sickenesâ— Idlenes destroieth healthe pleasures Plato hâ— admonicâ— to his scâ—lars at hiâ— goyng ouâ— of y e schooâ— Wherin râ—lers of y e â— men weaâ— shall exercise their bâ—dies whâ— â—e mynde tenauÌ„t to body WheÌ„ ruâ— shall take creacion â—ten alteâ—ions coÌ„â—e the boâ— Heraclitâ— called y e drâ—sie a coÌ„tiral shoure rayne anâ— sought to cured the but the mâ— parte of nâ— dooe soo theÌ„ selfes though tâ— sought toâ— haue sickâ— rather tâ— health Studente haue no me to sperâ— in dyssolâ— lyuynge â—ery man â—ht to â—we â— own pul â—and what â—ng is â—d or euell his body â—s a shame â—ske of a â—ysician at meaâ— bee good digestion â— what coÌ„â—rye â—â—y potâ—e is seldoÌ„e â—l seasoâ— and the â—y coÌ„men â—ceinpeâ— â—â—ery tale â—ust stuâ—tes that â—our not â—r bodies plato woâ— that y â— boâ— shoulde â— bee exercâ— without mynd nâ— mynd wâ—out the bâ— â—othyng so â—câ—llâ—nt as â—lth