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A34837 The anatomy of humane bodies with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates : illustrated with large explications containing many new anatomical discoveries and chirurgical observations : to which is added an introduction explaining the animal œconomy : with a copious index / by William Cowper. Cowper, William, 1666-1709. 1698 (1698) Wing C6698; ESTC R10024 256,837 166

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Splenius 9 The Occipitalis 10 10 10 The Cucularis or Trapezius on both Sides a The Os Bregmatis b The Occipitis c Part of the Sagittal Suture or Longitudinal Suture d The Lambdoidal Suture e The Os Iugale f The Parotide Salival Gland Under this Parotide Salival Gland are plac'd divers Lymphatick Glands which receive Lympha from their Importing Lymphe-ducts Arising from the Neighbouring Parts as well as the Parotide Salival Gland it self Besides these Lymphatick Glands immediately under the Parotides there are still others of the same kind below them lying near the Jugular Veins and are continued to the Claviculae all these Transmit Lympha by their Exporting Lymphe-ducts either to the Subclavian Glands or to the Upper-part of the Thoracick-duct immediately These Lymphatick Glands become Tumid in Scrophulous Cases and may be happily remov'd by Incision and no great Flux of Blood follow which Practice is Preferable to the Application of Escharoticks which are commonly made use of I have at this Time a Patient in whom not only the above mention'd Superior Lymphatick Glands of the Left Side were Distended but the Parotide Salival Gland of the same Side was very much Indurated and not a lit tle Distended also in the Middle of which Induration of the Parotide Gland I found an Aperture whence the Spittle Flow'd in no small Quantity in Mastication In Pressing the Part near the Aperture I found the Spittle Gush out which had Lodg'd it self between the Skin and the Gland After the External Skin was Divided I could plainly see the Spittle Arise from divers Interstices of the Lobuli of the Gland when he Chaw'd any Thing the Spittle Flow'd on his Handkerchief per Stillicidium which he was wont to hold under his Ear to receive it The Sinus's from whence the Spittle was Discharg'd being thus laid Open the Quantity of Spittle which Flow'd soon Abated the Fungous Flesh being remov'd by the Application of Gentle Escharoticks the Flux of Saliva Lessen'd He Drinking of a Decoction of Sarsaparila China Lig. Guiaci c. for his common Drink and Eating of a very Drying Diet such as Biskets Almonds and the like Aquapendens in Treating of the Wounds of the Cheeks mentions a clear Water not unlike the Tears of the Eyes which he saw Flow from a very small Hole when the Patient Eat to which he adds Vnde quomodo effluat Ego certe nescio The Accurate Nuck tells us from Roonhuyse a Dutch Writer of a Patient in whom the Spittle Flow'd from an Ulcer in the Cheek not unlike that above mention'd Nor was the Flux of Spittle Abated and the Ulcer brought to a Cicatrix without a Drying Diet as the Incomparable Nuck takes Notice A Flux of Lympha sometimes happens in Wounds of the Limbs where the Lymphe-ducts are Wounded After Letting Blood in the Flexure of the Cubit I saw the next Day a vast Quantity of Lympha had Stain'd the Shirt which lay over the Orifice and about the Arm the next Day after the Flux of Lympha Abated and the Orifice soon after Clos'd Perhaps a great Part of that Thin Matter call'd Gleet which we find some Days after Amputations or large Wounds Flows from the Divided Lymphe-ducts as well as Nutritive Tubes of the Part. When Lymphe-ducts are broken in Old Ulcers and the Flux of Lympha do's not easily Abate tho' the Patient is confin'd to a Drying Diet. The like Difficulty attended the restraining of the Flux of Lympha when a Lymphe-duct was Open'd in an Issue in the Leg as was Communicated to me by Mr. Bernard and Mr. Guddier both Experienc'd Surgeons of this Town in which Case a Drying Diet stopt the Flux and the Ulcer was soon after Cicatric'd tho' many Desicatives Topicks as well as Actual and Potential Cauteries had before prov'd Ineffectual By this we may see however some endeavour to Disparage Anatomy how Useful it is in the Practice of Surgery g The Spine of the Seventh Vertebra of the Neck h h The Tendons of the Cucularis on both Sides Inserted to the Spines of the Scapulae i i The Extremities of the Spines of the Scapulae to which the Claviculae are Connected k k The Lower Angles of the Scapulae l l The Basis Scapulae m m The Upper Appendices of the Vlnae call'd Olecrani n n The External Protuberance of the Ossa Humerum where the Radii are Articulated and the Muscles Extending the Carpi and Fingers do Arise o o The Inferior Appendix of the Vlna next the Carpus 11 The Musculus Deltoides of the Right Side 12 12 The Infraspinatus on both Sides 13 13 Parts of the Rotundi Minores 14 14 The Rotundi Majores 15 15 15 The Latissimi Dorsi ** Their Tendinous Parts passing over the Sacrolumbales and Dorsi Longissimi 16 16 Parts of the Rhomboides on both Sides near their Insertions to the Basis of the Shoulder-blades ll 17 17 The Gemellus or Biceps Externus on both Arms. 18 18 Parts of the Brachiales 19 19 Parts of the Supinator Radii Longus on both Sides 20 20 The Anconeus 21 21 The Radialis Extensor on either Cubit 22 22 The Extensor Digitorum Communis 23 23 The Extensor Minimi Digiti 24 24 The Vlnaris Extensor 25 25 Parts of the Perforatus or Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum 26 26 The Vlnaris Flexor on both Cubits 27 Parts of the Tendons of the Radialis Flexor Palmaris 28 28 The Abductores Minimi Digiti on either Hand 29 The Adductor Pollicis ad Dorsum Manus 30 The Extending Muscles of the Thumb 31 31 Parts of the Oblique Descending Muscles of the Abdomen on both Sides 32 The Glutaeus Major 33 33 Parts of the Glutaeus Medius on both Sides 34 The Fleshy Part of the Membranosus or Musculus Communis Membranosi p p The Back-part of the Spines of the Ossa Ilii q The Os Sacrum r A Prominence made by the Great Trochanter under the Tendinous Expansion of the Glutaeus Major f f The Great Crural Nerves as they Descend in the Ham. t The Upper Appendix of the Fibula u u The Lower Appendix of the Fibula call'd Malleolus Externus w The Lower Appendix of the Tibia or Malleolus Internus x The Tendon of the Gasterocnemii y The Os Calcis 35 35 Parts of the Vasti Externi 36 36 The Biceps Femoris on both Sides 37 37 The Seminervosi or Semitendinosi 38 38 The Semimembranosi 39 39 Parts of the Triceps Femoris on both Sides 40 Part of the Gracilis on the Left Thigh 41 Part of the Sartorius on the same Thigh 42 Part of the Vastus Internus on the same Thigh also 43 43 The Gasterocnemii Externi 44 44 The Gasterocnemii Interni Cover'd with the Tendons of the Externi 45 The Peroneus Longus 46 46 The Abductor Minimi Digiti on both Feet 47 Part of the Tendon of the Extensor Digitorum Longus on the Right Foot THE THIRD TABLE Fig. 3. SHEWS the Trunks and large Ramifications of all
First Bones of the Upper Jaw V V The Fourth Foramen of the Os Cuneiforme Vid. Fig. 1. I. W Part of the Os Cuneiforme next the Aliform Process X X The Fifth Foramen of the Os Cuneiforme Compos'd at the Meeting of that Bone with the Os Petrosum and Fore-part of the Occipital-bone on both Sides Y The Sixth Foramen of the Os Cuneiforme at the Root of the Processus Pterygoides by which a Branch of the Fifth Pair of Nerves pass out of the Skull Z Z The Foramina of the Ossa Temporum by which the Carotid Arteries First Enter the Basis of the Skull Fig. 3. The Inferior Part of the Lower Jaw a The Internal Part of the Lower Jaw whence the Musculus Mylobyoideus do's Arise b A Large Foramen in the Internal Part of the Lower Jaw by which the Blood-Vessels and a Branch of the Fifth Pair of Nerves pass to the Teeth Fig. 1. b. The External Foramina of this Bone by which the Branches of those Vessels pass out of the Bone again to the Muscles of the Lips C A Fore-shorten'd Appearance of the Processus Coronae of the Lower Jaw call'd the Short Process D E The Head of the Long Process of the Lower Jaw call'd Condylus which is Articulated with the Os Temporum by the Mediation of a Moving Cartilage Vid. App. Fig. 8. T S. F The Cervix or Neck of the Long Process of the Lower Jaw Fig. 4. The Teeth of the Upper and Lower Jaw of one Side only when taken out of their Alveoli or Sockets A A c. The Dentes Incisores B B The Canini C C c. The Molares Fig. 5. The Right Side of the Lower Jaw in which the Alveoli or Sockets after the Extraction of the Teeth are Represented A The Processus Coronae to which the Temporal Muscle is fixt B The Processus Condylus C C The Alveoli or Sockets of the Teeth Fig. 6. A A c. Divers Teeth Broken or Divided Variously to shew their Internal Cavities or Sinus's Fig. 7. One of the Grinding Teeth in like Manner Broken to Exhibit its Internal Structure Figur'd much Bigger than the Life A The External Stony Part. B The Bony Striae of the Tooth Divested of its Stony Cortex C The Internal Bony Part of the Tooth becoming more Porous as it Approaches its Middle Cavity D The Middle Cavity or Hollow of the Tooth Cover'd with a Membrane on which the Blood-Vessels and Nerves of the Tooth are Distributed by which the Tooth derives the Matter which makes it Germinate and repair that loss it sustains by frequent Use on its Cortical or Stony Part Thus when one Tooth is wanting in either Jaw the Opposite Tooth Grows Longer for want of its Resistance in Mastication When this Internal Membrane within the Cavity of the Tooth is Expos'd thro' the Breaking away of the Upper-part of the Tooth it is most Exquisitely sensible to the Touch of any hard Body or cold Liquor and very frequently a Carnous Fungus will Arise from it In these Cases the drawing out of the Tooth is the best Remedy E The External Membrane lying on that Part of the Tooth within the Socket or Alveolus They who Doubt of the Existence of such a Membrane may be satisfied therein After a Tooth is drawn from a Living or lately Dead Body and laid in Water for some Days this Membrane will be very Conspicuous even to the Naked Eye F The Basis of the Tooth G The Apex of one of its Roots where the Blood-Vessels Arising from the Parietes of the Alveolus or Socket are Exprest Running into that Part of it which lies within the Alveolus Fig. 8. The Stony Parts of the Teeth of a Foetus which lying within the Jaw-bones are Cover'd with the Periostium as Appear'd in the Dissection I sometime since made of a Humane Foetus Vid. Tab. 101. L L. A A The Stony Capsula of one of the Dentes Incisores B B That of the Caninus C C c. The Superior Stony Parts of the Dentes Molares in a Foetus Fig. 9. The Os Hyoides or Bone of the Tongue together with Two Process's of the Scutiformal Cartilage A The Middle Bone of the Os Hyoides B It s Superior Part next the Tongue C Its Internal Concave Part towards the Fauces D Part of the Superior Long Process of the Scutiformal Cartilage of the Left Side loosly Tied to the Extremity of the Os Hyoides of the same Side that of the Right Side is not Letter'd in this Figure E One of the Two Lateral Bones which Helps to Compose the Os Hyoides THE NINETY-THIRD TABLE FROM the Bones of the Head we Pass to those which Support it and the Trunk of of the Body viz. The Bones of the Neck Back Loins Os Sacrum and Coccygis all these together have generally obtain'd the Name of Spina Since it 's Necessary the Head and Trunk of the Body should be variously Mov'd it was therefore Requisite their Supporter should not Consist of One Bone only but that it should be Divided into many which are call'd Vertebrae of these there are Reckon'd Twenty-four viz. Seven of the Neck Twelve of the Back and Five of the Loins In some Subjects we have Found but Six Vertebrae belonging to the Neck in another we Found Thirteen of the Thorax and as many Ribs as Appears in a Skeleton now Hanging in the Middle of the Anatomical Theater of the Surgeons of London The like I don't Doubt may or has been Observ'd of the Loins The Inferior Part of the Spine is Compos'd of the Os Sacrum and Coccygis Fig. 1. The Inferior Part of the First Vertebra of the Neck call'd Atlas because it Supports the whole Head A Its Fore-part B Its Back-part wanting a Spinal Process CC It s Transverse Processes Perforated to Transmit the Cervical Artery and Vein D D Two Oval Process's whose Surfaces are Smooth and Cover'd with a Cartilage which Process's move to either Side on those of Fig. 3. B B. Fig. 2. The Upper-part of the First Vertebra of the Neck A The Inside of the Back-part of the First Vertebra of the Neck next the Medulla Spinalis B The Outside and Fore-part of the same Vertebra C C Two Process's whose Two Shallow Cavities are Articulated with Two somewhat● Convext Prominencies of the Os Occipitis Tab. 92 Fig. 2. O O in which Articulation the Head is Mov'd in Nodding Fore-wards Back-wards and Side-ways D A Sinus in the Upper-part of this Vertebra in which the Contorted Trunk of One of the Cervical Artery passes towards the Great Foramen of the Os Occipitis N. B. It is Necessary the Great Foramen of this First Vertebra of the Neck should be much Larger than any of the Inferior least the Beginning of the Medulla Spinalis should be Incommoded in Turning the Head to One Side in which Action this First Vertebra Moves with the Head on the Axis or Tooth-like Process of the Second Vertebra of the Neck Fig. 3.