the Horsse bee so sore pained as he cannot swallow downe his meate it shall bee good to giue him lukewarme water mingled with Barly meale or wheat meale and besides that to make him swallow downe seuen sops sopped in wine one after another at one time some vse at the second time to dip such sops in sweet sallet oile Thus far Vegetius Of the Pestilent Ague IT seemeth by Laurentius Russius that Horsses be also subiect to a pestilent feuer which almost incureable Blundevile is called of him Infirmitas Epidimialis that is to say a contagious and pestiferous disease whereof there dyed in one yeare in Rome aboue a thousand Horses which as I take it came by some corruption of the aire whereunto Rome in the chiefe of Summer is much subiect or else corrupt humors in the body ingendered by vnkinde food by reason perhaps that the City was then pestered with more horse-men then there could be conueniently harbored or fed Laurentius himselfe rendereth no cause therof but onely sheweth signes how to know it which be these The Horsse holdeth down his head eateth little or nothing his eyes waterish and his flanks doe continually beat The cure First giue him this glister Take of the pulpe of Coloquintida one ounce of Dragantum one ounce and a halfe of Centuary and Wormwood of each one handfull of Castoreum halfe an ounce boile them in water then being strained dissolue therein of Gerologundinum sixe ounces of salt an ounce and a halfe and halfe a pound of Oyle oliue and minister it lukewarme with a horne or pipe made of purpose Make also this plaister for his head take of Squilla fiue ounces of Elder of Castoreum of Mustard seed and of Euforbium of each two ounces dissolue the same in the iuyce of Daffodill and of Sage and laie it to the Temples of his head next vnto his eares or else giue him any of these three drinks heere following take of the best Triacle two or three ounces and distemper it in good wine and giue it him with a horne or else let him drinke euery morning the space of three daies one pound or two of the iuyce of Elder rootes or else giue him euery morning to eate a good quantity of Venus haire called of the Latines Capillus Veneris newly and fresh gathered but if it be old then boile it in water and giue him the decoction thereof to drink with a horne Martins opinion and experience touching a Horsses Feuer THough Martin haue not seene so many seuerall kindes of feuers to chance to Horsses Blundevile yet he confesseth that a Horsse will haue a feauer and saith that you shal know it by these signes For after the Horsse hath beene sicke two or three daies if you looke on his tongue you shall see it almost raw and scalt with the heate that coms out of his body and he wil shake and tremble reele and stagger when his fit commeth which fit wil keepe his due howers both of comming and also of continuance vnlesse you preuent it by putting the horsse into a heat which would be done so soone as you see him begin to tremble either by riding him or tying vp his Legs and by chasing him vp and downe in the stable vntil he leaue shaking and then let him be kept warm and stand on the bit the space of two houres that done you may giue him some hay by a little at once and giue him warme water with a litle ground mault twice a day the space of three or foure daies and once a day wash his tongue with Alom water vineger and Sage But if you see that all this preuailes not then purge him with this drinke after that he hath fasted al one night Take of Aloes one ounce of Agaricke halfe an ounce of Lycoras and Annis seedes of each a dram beaten to powder and let him drinke it with a quart of white wine lukewarme and made sweet with a little Hony in the morning fasting and let him be chafed a little after it and be kept warme and suffered to stand on the bit meatlesse two or three houres after and he shall recouer his health againe quickly Of sicknesse in generall and the Feuer IN general sicknes is an opposit foe to nature warring against the agents of the body and minde seeking to confound those actions which vphold and maintaine the bodies strength and liuely-hood Markham Who coueteth to haue larger definition of sicknesse let him reade Vegesius Rusius or excellent Maister Blundiuile who in that hath bin admirably well-deseruing plainefull For mine owne part my intent is to write nothing more then mine own experience and what I haue approued in Horsses diseases most auaileable and first of the Feuer or Ague in a Horsse though it bee a disease seldome or not at all noted by our Mechannicall Horsse Farriors who cure many times what they know noâ— and kill wher they might cure knew they the cause yet I haue my selfe seene of late both by the demonstrate opinions of others better learned and by the effects of the disease some two Horses which I dare auouch were mightily tormented with a Feauer though diuers Leeches had thereof giuen diuers opinions one saying it was the bots by reason of his immoderate languishment another affirmed him to be bewitcht by reason of his great shaking heauinesse and sweating but I haue found it and approued it to be a Feuer both in effect nature and quality the cure whereof is thus for the originall cause of a Feuer is surfet breeding putrifaction in the blood then when his shaking beginneth take three new laide Egges breake them in a dish and beate them together then mixe thereto fiue or sixe spoonefuls of excellent good Aqua vitae and giue it him in a horne then bridle him and in some Close or Court chafe him til his shaking cease and he beginne to sweat then set him vp and cloath him warme And during the time of his sicknesse giue him no water to drinke but before he drinke it boile therein Mallowes Sorrell Purslaine of each two or three handfuls As for his foode let it bee sodden Barly and now and then a little Rye in the sheafe to clense and purge him chiefely if he be drye inwardly and grow costiue This I haue proued vneffectlesse for this disease and also much auaileable for any other inward sicknesse proceeding either of raw digestion too extreame riding or other surfet Diuers haue written diuersly of diuers Agues and I coulde prescribe receiptes for them but since I haue not been experimented in them al I meane to omit them intending not to exceede mine owne knowledge in any thing Of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a contagious disease proceeding as Pelagonius saith somtime of ouermuch labour heate colde hunger aad sometime of sudden running after long rest or of the retention or holding of stale or vrine Blundevile or of drinking colde water whiles the Horsse
it is good against al venim of Serpents and against the chamelaeon but with this difference against the scorpion with wine against spiders with sweet water against the Lizzards with Mirtire against Dipsas and cerastes with Opponax or wine made of Rew and against other serpentes with wine simply Take of euery one two drams for a cold take it a scruple and a halfe in foure cups of wine vsed with Ladanum it cureth the Fistula and vlcers Castoreoque graui mulier sopita recum bit prouoketh neezing by smelling to it procureth sleepe they being annointed with it maiden-weed conserue of Roses and being drunke in Water helpeth Phrensie and with the roses and Maiden-weed aforesaid easeth head-ache Being layd to the head like a plaster it cureth all colde and windy affections therein or if one drawe in the smoake of it perfumed though the paine be from the mothers wombe and giuen in three cups of sweete vineger fasting it helpeth the falling sicknes but if the person haue often fits the same giuen in a glister giueth great ease Then must the quantity be two drams of castoreum one sextary of honey and oyle and the like quantity of water but in the fit it helpeth with vineger by smelling to it It helpeth the palsie taken with Rew or wine sod in Rew so also all heart trembling ache in the stomack and quaking of the sinewes It being infused into them that lie in Lethargies with vineger and conserue of roses doth presently awake them for it strengthneth the braine and mooueth sternutation It helpeth obliuion comming by reason of sicknes the party being first purgd with Hiera Ruffi castoreum with oyle bound to the hinder part of the head and afterward a dram drunke with Mellicrate also taken with oyle cureth all conuulsion proceeding of cold humors if the conuulsion be full and perfect not temporall or in some particular member which may come to passe in any sicknes The same mixed with hony helpeth the clearnes of the eies and their inflamations likewise vsed with the iuyce of Popie and infused to the eares or mixed with honey helpeth all paines in them With the seed of hemlockes beaten in vineger it sharpneth the sence of hearing if the cause be colde and it cureth tooth-ach infused into that eare with oyle on which side the paine resteth for Hippocrates sent vnto the wife of Aspasius complayning of the paine in her cheeke and teeth a little castoreum with pepper aduising her to hold it in her mouth betwixt her teeth A perfume of it drawne vp into the head stomacke easeth the paines of the lights and intrals and giuen to them that sigh much with sweet vineger fasting it recouereth them It easeth the cough and distillations of rhewme from the head to the stomacke taken with the iuyce of blacke Popye It is preseruative against inflamations pains in the guts or belly although the belly be swolne with colde windy humors being drunke with vineger or Oxycrate it easeth the colicke giuen vvith annisse beaten smal and two spoonfuls of sweet water and it is found by experiment that vvhen a horsse cannot make vvater let him be couered ouer vvith his cloath Vegetins and then put vnderneath him a fire of coles vvherein make a perfume vvith that castoreum till the horses belly and cods smell thereof then taking avvay the coles vvalk the horsse vp dovvn couered and he vvill presently stale To soften the belly they vse Castoreum with sweet water two drams and if it be not forcible enough they take of the root of a set cucumber one dram and the some of salt Peter two drams It is also vsed with the iuice of Withy and decoction of Vineger applied to the rains and genitall parts like a plaster against the Gonorrhaean passion It will stir vp a womans monethly courses and cause an easie trauaile two drammes being drunke in water with Penny-Royall And if a Woman with childe goe ouer a Beauer she will suffer abortment A secret and Hypocrates affirmeth that a perfume made with Castoreum Asses dunge and swines greace openeth a closed wombe There is an Antidot called Diacostu made of this castoreum good against the Megrim falling sicknesse apoplexies palsies and weakenesse of limmes as may be seene in Myrepsus against the impotency of the tongue trembling of the members and other such infirmities These vertues of a Beauer thus described I will conclude this discourse with a History of a strange beast like vnto this related by Dunranus campus-bellus a noble kni who affirmed A miraculus history of a Monster that there are in Arcadia seuen great Lakes some 30. miles compasse and some lesse whereof one is called Garloil out of which in Anno 15.0 about the midst of Summer in a morning came a Beast about the bignes of a water dog hauing feet like a Goose who with his taile easily threw downe small trees and presently with a swift pace he made after some men that he saw and with three strokes he likewise ouerthrew three of them the residue climbing vp into trees escaped and the beast without any long tarrying returned backe againe into the water which beast hath at other times bene seene and it is obserued that this appearance of the monster did giue warning of some strange euils vpon the Land which story is recorded by Hector Boethius OF THE BISON. Of the name A Bison called of some Latines though corruptly Vrson and Veson of the Graecians Bisoon of the Lituanians Suber of the Polonians Zuber from whence some Latines deriued Zubro for a Byson Of the Germanes Visent and Vaesent Wisent a beast very strange as may appear by his figure prefixed which by many authors is taken for Vr. â—â— some for a Bugle or wild Oxe other for Rangifer and many for the beast Tarandus a Buffe By reason whereof there are not many things which can by infallible collection be learned of this beast among the writers yet is it truely and generally held for a kind of wild Oxe Places of their breed bred in the Northern parts of the world for the most part and neuer tamed as in Scythia Moscouia Hercynia Thracia and Brussia But those tall wilde Oxen which are said to be in Lapponia Philostephan The reason of their nam and the Dukedome of Angermannia are more truely saide to be Vrt as in their story shall be afterward declared Their name is taken from Thracia Varinus Stephanus a secret in the laâ—e Dicaea which was once called Bistonia and the people thereof Bistones from Bisto the sonne of Cicas and Terpsicores and thereof came Bistonia Grues cranes of Thracia and Bistonia Lâ—eus for the lake or sea of Dicaea neere Abdera where neuer liuing thinge or other of lesse weight was cast in but it presently sunke and was drowned This Bison is called Taurus Paeonicus the Paeonian-Bull whereof I find two kinds one of greater Seural kinds
helpeth children to breed teeth easily if the gummes be rubbed therewith for it hath the same power against inflamation that hony and Butter hath being drunke in wine and the stones thereof rosted and eaten it is good for him which hath any paine in his bladder Serenus and if the vrine exceede ordinary for staying thereof take the braine heereof to be drunke in wine The tooth of a hare layed to that part where the teeth ake easeth them Take the mawe with the dung in it Rasis and wash it in old wine so as the dung may mingle therewith and then giue it to one sicke of the bloody flixe and it shal cure him The rennet hath the same vertue that is in a Calues or Kyds and whereas Nicander praiseth it in the first place for the vertue it hath in it against poyson Nicoon an ancient Phisitian giueth it the second place Aristotle Gallen for it is full of sharpe digesting power and therefore hath a drying quality It dissolueth the congealed and coagulated milke in the belly and also clotted blood within in the stomach more effectually then the rennet of any other beast being alway the better for the age Being mingled with vineger it is drunke against poyson Dioscorides and also if a man or Beast bee annoynted with it no Serpent Scorpion Spider or wilde Mouse whose teeth are venomous will venter to sting the body so annointed or else inwardly take thereof three spoonfuls with wine against the said bitings or of any Sea-fish or Hemlocke after the wound receiued and with vineger it is soueraigne against all poison of Chamaeleons or the blood of Bulles The same being drunke in vineger or applyed outwardly to womens breasts disperseth the coagulated milke in them also being mingled with Snailes or any other shelfish which feede vpon greene herbes or leaues it draweth forth Thornes Dartes Arrowes or Reedes out of the belly or mingled with gum of Franckincense Oyle bird-lime Marcellus and Bees-glew of each an equall quantity with vineger it stauncheth blood and all yssues of blood flowing out of the belly and it also ripeneth an old sore according to the saying of Serenus Si inducas leporis asper sa coagula vino Being layed to the kings euill in Lint with vineger it disperseth and cureth it also it healeth Cankers it cureth a quartan Ague also mixed with Wine and drunke with vineger against the falling euill and the stone in the bladder If it bee mixed with Sagapanum and Wine Amyney and infused into the eares giueth help as also the paine of the teeth It dissolueth blood in the lights and easeth the paine of blood congealed in your stomacke Dioscorides when one spiteth blood if he drinke Samia and Mirtle wine with the rennet of a hare it shal giue him very present ease The later learned Physitians take a drinke made of vineger and Water and giue it warme to eiect and expell blood out of the Lightes and if any drop thereof cleaue in the bowels then doe they three or foure times together iterate this potion and after apply and minister all binding astringent medicines and emplasters and for the bloody-flix it is good to be vsed It is held also profitable by Dioscorides and other the ancients that if the pap or brest of a Woman bee annointed therewith it stayeth the sucking infantes loosenesse of the belly or else giuen to the child with Wine or if it haue an Ague with Water There is saith Aristotle in the rennet a fiery quality but not in the highest degree for as fire dissolueth and discerneth so doth this in milke distinguish the ayery part from the watery and the watery from the earthye Wherefore when one tasteth an olde rennet he shall thinke hee tasteth an old putrified Cheese but as leauen is to bread which hardneth ioyneth and seasoneth the same so is rennet to Cheese and therfore both of them haue the same qualityes of dissoluing and binding Galen affirmeth that he cured one of gowty tumours and swellings by applying thereunto olde and strong putrified cheese beaten in a morter and mixed with the salted fatte or leg of a Swine If a man sicke of the bloody-flixe drinke thereof in a reere egge two scruples for three daies together fasting it will procure him remedy For pacifieng the Collicke drinke the rennet of a Hare the same mingled with Goose grease stayeth the incontinensie of vrine it also retaineth womens flowers If it be drunk with vineger it helpeth the secunds and being applied with Saffron and the iuyce of leeks driueth a dead child out of the wombe If it be drunke three or foure daies together after child-birth it causeth barrennesse There are saith Pliny a kind of Wormes which being bound to women before the sunne rysing in a harts skin cause them that they cannot conceiue this power is called Afocion Masarius saith that if a Woman drinke this rennet to her meate before she conceiue with child she shall be deliuered of a Male child and such is the foolish opinion of them which affirme at this day that if men eate parsly or white buds of blacke yuie it maketh them vnable to carnall copulation Aetuis The rennet of a Hare easeth and disperseth al tumors and swellings in womens breasts the Lights of a Hare powdred with salt with Franckinsens and white Wine helpeth him that is vexed with the falling sicknesse if he receiue it thirty daies together Sextus ascribeth the same remedy to the hart and Pliny commendeth the Lights to heale the paine in the eies by binding it vpon the eies Being drunke in powder it cureth the secrets If the heeles be troubled with kybes they are healed with the fat of Beares but if they bee wrunge with a cold they are healed with the dust of a Hares haire or the powder of the Lights Likewise when the foote is hurt with straight shooes it hath the same operation The ancient Magi tooke the skin of an Oxe in powder with the vrine of Boies and sprinkled it on the toes of there feete binding the heart of a Hare to the hands of him that hath a quartan Ague and some cure it by hanging the heart of a young hare or Leueret to the necke or arme Sextus in the beginning of the fit of him that is so visited The heart of a hare dried mixed with Franckincense or Manna in white wine drunke thirty daies together cureth the falling sicknesse Pliny For the paine in the belly take the same medicine and being drunke with warme water mingled with Samia cureth the fluxes of women also if a man that hath the fluxe eat the Liuer of a Hare dipped in sharpe vineger it helpeth him if hee bee Liuer sicke or if one haue the falling sicknesse eate the quantity of an ounce thereof and it helpeth him The gall of a Hare the Hart Lungs Lights and liuer of a Weasill mixed together three drams one dram of Castoreum
good to write thus much thinking it no time lost while I may profit them anie way Of the diseases in the Spleene THe Splene as I haue said before in many places is the receptacle of melancholy and of the dregs of blood and is subiect to the like diseases that the liuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction hard knobs and inflamation for the substance of the splene is spongeous and there sort apt to sucke in al filth and to dilate it selfe wherefore being ful it must needs swel which wil appeare in the left side vnder the short ribs and such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and especially when the body doth labour or trauel It is painful also to lie on the right side because the splene being swollen so oppresseth the midriffe and especially when the stomacke is ful of meat and the patient hath worse disgestion than appetite and is troubled with much winde both vpwarde and downeward Moreouer the vapor of the humor doth offend the hart making it faint and causeth al the body to be heauy and dul and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a melancholy humor and abounding ouer-much it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaines and artires which is to be perceiued by heauinesse and greefe on the left side but also in the splene it self whereas by vertue of the heat it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a hard knob which doth not only occupy al the substance of the splene but also many times al the left side of the wombe and thereby maketh the euil accidents or griefes before recited much more than they were Now as touching the inflammation of the splene which chaunceth very sildome for so much as euery inflammation proceedeth of pure blood which sildome entereth into the splene I shal not need to make many words but refer you ouer to the chapter of the Liuer for in such case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also like signes and do require like cure The old writers say that horses be often greeued with griefe in the splene and specially in Summer season with greedy eating of sweet green meats and they cal those horses Lienosos that is to say splenetike The signes whereof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and greedy appetite to meat The remedie whereof according to Absirtus is to make a horse to sweat once a day during a certaine time by riding him or otherwise trauelling him and to poure into his left nostril euery day the iuyce of mirabolans mingled with wine and water amounting in alto the quantity of a pint But methinks it would do him more good if he drank it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius praiseth this drinke take of Cummin seed and of hony of each six ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Vineger a pint and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stand so al night and the next morning giue the horse thereof to drinke being kept ouer night fasting Theomnestus praiseth the decoction of Capers especially if the barke of the root thereof may be gotten sodden in water to a sirrop Or else make him a drinke of Garlick Nitrum Hore-hound and worm-wood sodden in harsh wine and he would haue the left side to be bathed in warme water and to be hard rubbed And if al this wil not helpe then to giue him the fire which Absirtus doth not allow saying the splene lyeth so as it cannot easily bee fired to do him anye good But for so much as the liuer and splene are members much occupied in the ingendring and seperating of humors many euil accidents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iandis called in a horse the yellowes drinesse of body and consumption of the flesh without any apparant cause why which the Phisitians call Atrophis also euill habite of the bodie called of them Chachexia and the Dropsie But first wee will speake of the Iaundis or Yellowes Of the Yellowes THe Physitians in a mans body do make two kinds of Iandis that is to say the Yellow proceeding of choler dispersed throughout the whole body and dieng the skin yellow and the blacke proceeding of melancholie dispersed likewise throughout the whole bodie and making al the skin blacke And as the yellow Iaundis commeth for the most part either by obstruction or stopping of the cundits belonging to the bladder of the gall which as I said before is the receptable of Choler or by some inflamation of the liuer wherby the blood is conuerted into choler so spreadeth throughout the body euen so the black Iandis cōmeth by meane of some obstruction in the liuer-vain that goeth to the splene not suffering the spleene to do his office in receiuing the dregs of the blood from the liuer wherin they abound too much or else for that the spleene is already too ful of dregs and so sheddeth them backe againe into the vaines But as for the blacke Iandis they haue not bin obserued to be in horses as in mē by any of our Ferrers in these daies that I can learn And yet the old writers of horseleach-craft do seeme to make two kindes of Iandis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Choler and also the moist choler The signs of the dry choler as Absirtus saith is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly wherof it is said to be dry Moreouer the horse wil not couet to lie down because he is so pained in his body and his mouth will be hot and dry It commeth as he saith by obstruction of the cundit wherby the choler should resort into the bladder of the gal and by obstruction also of the vrin vessels so as he cannot stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of oile water and Nitrum to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to power the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweet wine into his nostrils and let his meate be grasse or else sweet hay sprinkled with Nitre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wild coleworts sodden in wine Again of the moist choler of Iandis these are the signes The horses eies will looke yellow and his nostrils will open wide his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yellow and cholerick and he wil grone when he lieth downe which disease the said Absirtus was wont to heale as he saith by giuing the Horsse a drinke made of Time and Cumin of each like quantity stampt together and mingled with wine hony and water and also by letting him blood in the pasterns This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from
congeale mixed with Vineger and drunke for three daies together is an excellent remedy against the vomitting or spetting of blood The like force in it hath the blood of a Kidde The bloode of a Lambe mingled with wine doth heale those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse as also those which haue the fowle euill For the conception of a Woman take the yarde and gall of a Bucke a Kid and a Hare with the blood and sewet of a Lamb and the marrow of a Hart and mix them altogither with Nard and oyle of Roses and after her purgation Pliny let them be laied vnder her and this without all doubt wil make her apt to conceiue The skins of Serpents being annointed with water in a bath and mingled with lime and Lambes sewet doth heale the disease called S. Anthonies fire The marrow of a Lambe melted by the fire with the oyle of Nuts and white sugar distilled vpon a cleane dish or platter and so drunke doth dissolue the stone in the bladder and is very profitable for any that pisseth blood It also cureth al paines or griefes of the yarde bladder or reynes The skin of a Lambe being dawbed or annointed with liquid-pitch and applyed hot vnto the belly of any one that is troubled with excoriations of the bowels or the bloody flix wil very speedily cure him if he haue any sence or feeling of cold in him If a Virgins menstrual fluxes come not forth at the due time Hippocrates and her belly is moued it is conuenient to apply lambs skins being hot vnto her belly and they will in short space cause them to come forth A garment made of lamb skins is accounted very good for the corroborating and strengthning of yong men The skins of lambes are more hot then kids skins are more profitable for the confirming of the backe and the reines The little bone which is in the right side of a Toad being bound in a young lambes skin being hot doth heal both quartaine and al other feauers being aplied thereunto The dust of lambs bones is very much and rightly vsed for Vlcers which haue no chops or stars in them The dust of smal cattels dung being mingled with Nitre but especially of lambs hath in them great force to heal cankers the dust of lambs bones is very much commended for the healing and making of greene wounds sound and solide which thing by the Saracens is much verified in regard that at al times they go to war Marcellus Pliny they neuer forget to take of the same along with them The lungs of lambs do very effectually cure those whose feete are wrung or pinched by theyr shoo-soles The lungs of lambs or rams being burned and the dust thereof mingled with oile is very profitable for the curing of kibes or vlcers being applied thereunto It hath the same vertue being raw bound vpon the sore Marcellus The runnet of a lambe is of very great force against al other euil medicines The runnets of smal cattel but especially of a lamb is very effectual against al kinds of poyson The runnets of a kid a lambe and a hind-calfe are conueniently taken against Wolfe-bane drunke in wine The runnet of a hare a kid or a lambe taken in wine to the weight of a dram is very effectuall against the forke-fish cureth the bites or strokes of al Sea-fishes The runnet of a lamb drunk in wine is an excellent cure for the bitings of a shrew Pliny The runnet of a lamb drunk in water is accounted for a safegard to young children who are vexed with thicke and concrete milke or if the default shal happen by curded milke it wil be soone remedyed by a lambes runnets giuen in Vineger A Lambs runnet hid or poured into water doth speedily cohibit the bleeding of the nose when nothing else can stay it The gal of smal Cattel but especially of a Lamb being mixed with hony are thoght to be very medicinable for the curing of the falling sicknes The places which are infected by cankers being anointed ouer with the gal of a lamb are very speedily and effectually healed There is also by the Magicians deliuered vnto vs a speedy means for the curing of the melt which is this to take a Lamb new born instantly to pluck him in pieces with ones hands Marcellus and when the melt is pulled out to put it hot vpon the melt of the party so grieued and bind it on fast with swadling cloathes and continually to say I make a remedy for the melt then in the last day the same being taken from his body to put it to the Wall of the beâ— wherein the diseased party is wont to lye it being first daubed with durt that it might the better stick and to signe the durt with seuen and twenty markes saying at euery mark I make a remedy for the melt this remedy being done three times it will heale the diseased party although he be very weake and full of danger But this is the opinion of the Magicians which I here set downe that they should rather see their folly then beleeue knowing them to be meere fopperies For making the wool to grow slower the gelders of cattel anoint the bloud which commeth from the stones of gelded Lambes which being anointed doth profit very much for haires being pulled away as also against poison Pliny The dung of Lambes before they haue tasted of any grasse being dryed in the shaddow and rubbed to powder and applyed in the manner of a plaister doth heale and ease al kindes of paines in the chaps or iawes And thus much for the medicines of the sheepe OF THE STREPSICEROS THere is in Creete neare the Mountaine Ida Bellonius a kind of sheep called by the Sheapheardes Strepsiceros which is not different from the vulgar sheep except onely in the hornes for they bend not like other but stand straight and vpright like the Vnicorne and beside are circled about with certain round speeres like a Goates horne This liueth in flockes and we haue here beside the figure of the beast expressed a double form of their hornes and forepart of their head the figure of a Harpe being fastened to one of them as it was presently drawen The description whereof was taken by Docter Cay of England in these words following The hornes of this Strepsiceros are so liuely expressed by Pliny and so fitly fitted to beare Harpes that they seeme not to aske any further narration of words I will therefore onely adde this they are hollow within and long about two Roman feet and three palmes if you measure them as they are straight but if you take their scantling and length as they crooke a little then are they about three foot long they are in breadth where they ioyne to the head three Roman fingers and a halfe and their whole compasse in that place is about two Roman palmes and a halfe In the
qualities remedies and miraculous operation therof wherfore they must be verie warily and skilfully taken foorth for there is in a little skin compassing them about a certaine sweet humor called Humor Melleus and with that they must be cut out the vtter skin being cut asunder to make the more easie entrance and the Apothecaries vse to take all the fat about them which they put into the oyle of the Castoreum and sell it vnto fisher men to make baite for fishes The females haue stones or Castoreum as well as the males but very small ones Now you must take great heed to the choise of your Beauer and then to the stones which must grow from one roote conioyned otherwise they are not precious and the beast must neither be a young one nor one very old but in the meane betwixt both being in vigour and perfection of strength The Beauers of Spaine yeeld not such vertuous castoreum as they of Pontus and therefore if it be possible Hermolaus The corrupting of Castoreum take a Pontique Beauer next one of Gallatia and lastly of Affrique Some do corrupt them putting into their skinne gumme and Ammomacke with blood other take the raines of the beast and so make the castoreum very big which in it selfe is but small This beast hath two bladders which I remember not are in any other liuing creature and you must beware that none of these be ioyned with the castoreum You may know if it be mingled with Ammoniacke by the tast for although the colour be like yet is the sauour different Platearius sheweth that some adulterate castoreum by taking of his skinne or some cod newly taken forth of another beast filling it with blood sinnewes and the pouder of castoreum that so it may not want his strong smell or sauour other fill it with earth and blood other with blood rozen gumme sinnewes and pepper to make it tast sharp but this is a falsification discernable and of this sort is the castoreum that is sold at Venice as Brasouala affirmeth and the most of them sold at this day are bigger then the true castoreum for the iust waight of the right stones is not aboue twelue ounces and a halfe one of them being bigger then the other being sixe fingers bredth long and foure in breadth Now the substance contained in the bag is yellowish solid like waâ— and sticking like glew not sharp and cracking betwixt the teeth as the counterfait is These stones are of a strong and stinking sauour such as is not in any other but not rotten and sharpe as Grammarians affirme yet I haue smelled of it dried which was not vnpleasaunt and things once seasoned with the sauour thereof will euer tast of it although they haue not touched it but lie couered with it in the same boxe or pot and therefore the castoreum of Persia is counterfeit which hath no such smell for if a man smell to the right castoreum it will draw blood out of his nose After it is taken forth from the beast it must be hung vp in some place to be dried in the shadow and when it is dry it is soft and white it will continue in strength sixe yeares and some say seuen the Persians affirme that their castoreum will hold his vertue ten years which is as false as the matter they speake of is counterfait Archigenes wrote a whole booke of the vertue of this castoreum whereunto they may resort that require an exact and full declaration of all his medicinall operations it shall onely be our purpose to touch some generall heads and not to enter into a particular discouery thereof Being so dried as is declared it must be warily vsed for it falleth out heerein as in other medicinall subiects that ignorance turneth a curing herbe or substance into a venemous and destructiue quality therefore we will first of all set downe the daungers to be auoyded and afterward some particular cures that come by the right vse of it Therefore it must be vnderstood that there is poyson in it not naturally but by accident as may be in any other good and wholsome matter and that especially in the smell or sauor therof The dangers in the vse of Castoreum Seruius whereunto if a woman with childe doe smell it vvill kill the child vnborne and cause abortement for a vvomans womb is like a creature nourished with good sauors and destroyed with euill therefore burning of fethers shoo-soles wollen clothes pitch Galbanum gumme onions and garlike is noysome to them It may be corrupted not onely as is before declared but also if it be shut vp close without vent into pure aner when it is hanged vp to be dried or if the bag be kept moyst so that it cannot dry and it is true as Auicen saith that if it be vsed being so corrupted it killeth within a daies space driuing one into madnesse making the sicke person continually to hold forth his tongue and infecting him with a feuer by inflaming the bodie loosing the continuitie of the partes through sharp vapours arising from the stomack and for a proofe that it will inflame if you take a little of it mingled with oyle and rubbe vpon any part of the bodie or vpon your naile you shall feele it But there is also a remedie for it being corrupted namelie Asses milke mingled with some sharpe sirrop of Citron or if need require drinke a dram of Philons Antidot at the most or take butter and sweet water which will cause vomit and vomit therewith so long as you feele the sauour of the stone and afterward take sirrop of Limmons or citrons some affirme vpon experience that two penny waight of Coriander-seed scorched in the fire is a present remedy for this euill And it is more straunge that seeing it is in greatest strength when the sauor is hottest which is very displeasing to a mans nature in outward appearance yet doeth it neuer harme a man taken inwardly being pure and rightly compounded if the person be without a feuer for in that case onely it doeth hurte inwardly otherwise apply it to a moist body lacking refrigeration or to a colde body wanting excalfaction or to a colde and moist body you shall perceiue an euident commodity thereby if there bee no feuer and yet it hath profited many where the feuer hath not bene ouerhot as in extasies and lethargies ministred with white pepper and mellicrate and with Rose cakes laid to the necke or head The same vertues it hath being outwardly applied and mingled with oyle if the bodies be in any heate and purely without oile if the body be cold for in heating it holdeth the thirde degree and in drying the second The maner how it is to be ministred is in drink for the most part the sweet lickor being taken from it and the little skinnes appearing therein clensed away and so it hath among many other these operations following Drunke with vineger
his worke and panteth then let him be sprinkled ouer with wine and put peeces of fatte into his mouth if then you perceiue no amendment then seeth some Laurell and therewith heat his backe and afterward with oyle and wine scarifie him all ouer plucking his skin vp from the ribbes and this must be done in the sunshine or else in a very warme place For the scabs take the iuice of Garlicke and rub the beast all ouer and with this medicine may the biting of a Wolfe or a mad dogge be cured although other affirme that the hoofe of any beast with Brimstone oyle Water and Vineger is a more present remedy but there is no better thinge then butter and stale Vrine When they are vexed with wormes poure cold water vpon them afterward annoint them with the iuice of onions mingled with salt If an oxe be wrinched and strayned in his sinnewes in trauell or labour by stumping on any roote or hard sharpe thing then let the contrary foot or legge be let blood if the sinnews swel If his necke svvell let him blood or if his necke be vvinding and vveake as if it were broken then let him blood in that eare to which side the head bendeth When their neckes be bald grind two tiles togither a nevv one and a olde and vvhen the yoake is taken off cast the pouder vpon their neckes and afterwarde oyle and so with a little rest the haire vvill come againe When an oxe hangeth dovvne his eares and eateth not his meat he is troubled vvith a Cephalalgie that is a paine in his head for vvhich seeth Thyme in vvine vvith salt and Garlicke and therevvith rub his tongue a good space also ravv barly steeped in Wine helpeth this disease Sometime an oxe is troubled vvith madnesse for vvhich men burne them betvvixt the hornes in the forehead till they bleed sometime there is a Fly vvhich biting them continually driueth them into madnesse for vvhich they are vvoont to cast brimstone and bay sprigs sod in water in the pastures where they feede but I knovv not vvhat good can come thereby When oxen are troubled vvith fleam put à sprig of black Hellebore throgh their ears wherein let it remain til the next day at the same houre Al the euils of the eyes are for the most part cured by infusion of hony and some mingle therevvith Ammoniacke Salt and Boeticke When the pallat or roofe of their mouth is so swelled that the beast forsaketh meat and bendeth one the one side let his mouth be pared with a sharpe instrument or else burned or abated some other way giuing them greene and soft meat til the tender sore be cured but vvhen the cheekes svvell for remedy thereof they sell them avvay to the butcher for slaughter it falleth out very often that there grow certaine bunches on their tongues vvhich make them forsake their meate and for this thing they cut the toong and aftervvard rub the wound vvith garlicke and salt till al the fleamy matter yssue forth VVhen their vaines in their cheeks and chaps swell out into vlcers they soften and wash them with vineger and lees till they be cured When they are liuer-sicke they giue them Rubarbe Mishroms and Gentian mingled togither For the cough and short breath they giue them twigs of vines or Iuniper mingled with salt and some vse Betony There is a certaine hearbe called Asplenon or Citterach which consumeth the Melts of Oxen found by this occasion in creete there is a Ryuer called Protereus running betwixt the two citties Gnoson and Gortina on both sides thereof there were heards of cattell but those which fed neere to Gortina had no Spleene and the other which fed neer to Gnoson were full of Spleene when the Physitians endeuored to finde out the true cause heereof they found an hearbe growing on the coast of Gortina which diminished their Spleene and for that cause called it Asplenon But now to come to the diseases of their brest and stomack and first of al to begine with the cough which if it be new may be cured by a pint of Barly Meale with a raw Egge and halfe a pint of sod wine and if the cough be old take two pounds of beaten Hysop sod in 3. pints of water beatē Lentils or the roots of onyons washed and baked with Wheate meale giuen fasting do driue away the oldest cough For shortnesse of breath their Neat-heardes hang about their Necke deathes-hearb and harts-wort but if their Liuers or lungs be corupted which appeareth by along cough and leannes take the root of hasell and put it through the Oxes eare then a like or equall quantity of the iuyce of Onyons and oyle mingled and put into a pint of Wine let it be giuen to the beast many daies together If the Oxe be troubled with crudity or a raw euill stomach you shall know by these signes he wil often belch his belly will rumble he will forbeare his meate hanging down his eies and neither chew the cud or licke himselfe with his tongue for remedy whereof take two quarts of warme Water thirty stalkes of Bole-worts seeth them together till they be soft and then giue them to the beast with vineger But if the crudity cause his belly to stand out and swell then pull his tayle downewarde with all the force that you can and binde thereunto Mother-wort mingled with salt or else giue them a glister or anoint a Womans hand with oyle and let hir draw out the dung from his fundament and afterward cut a vaine in his tayle vvith a sharp knife When they be distempered with choler burne their Legs to the hoofes vvith a vvhot Iron and aftervvard let them rest vpon cleane and soft stravv vvhen their guts and intrals are payned they are eased vvith the sight of a Duck or a Drake But vvhen the small guts are infected take fifteene cypres aples and so many gaules mingle and beate them vvith their vvaight of old cheese in foure pints of the sharpest Wine you can get and so diuide it into foure parts giuing to the beast euery day one quantity The excrements of the belly doe depriue the body of all strength and power to labour wherefore vvhen they are troubled vvith it they must rest and drinke nothing for three dayes together and the first day let them forbeare meate the second day giue them the toppes of wilde Olyues or in defect thereof canes or reedes the stalkes of Lantiske and Myrtill and the thirde day a little Water and vnto this some adde dryed Grapes in sixe pintes of sharpe Wine giuen euery day in like quantity When their hinder parts are lame through congealed blood in them whereof there is no outward appearance take a bunch of Nettles with their rootes and put it into their mouthes by rubbing whereof the condersate blood will remoue away When Oxen come first of all after Winter to grasse they fall grasse-sicke and pisse blood for which they seeth together
Oxen but Hercules vndertaking the labour turned a Ryuer vpon it and so clensed all When Angia saw that his stable was purged by art and not by labour he denyed the reward and because Phyleus his eldest sonne reproued him for not regarding a man so well deseruing he cast him out of his family for euer The manifold vse of the members of Oxen and Kye in medicyne now remaineth to be briefely touched The horne beaten into pouder cureth the cough especially the types or point of the horne which is also receiued against the ptisicke or short breath made into pils with Hony The pouder of a Cowes horne mixed with vineger helpeth the morphew being washed or annoynted therewith The same infused into the Nostrils stayeth the bleeding likewise mingled with warme water and vineger giuen to a Splenetâ—cke man for three dayes together the medcins of the seueral parts of oxen and Kye it wonderfully worketh vpon that passion pouder of the hoofe of an Oxe with water put vpon the kings euill helpeth it and with Water and Hony it helpeth the apostemes and swelling of the body and the same burned and put into drinke and given to a Woman that lacketh Milke it encreaseth milke and strengtheneth hir very much Other take the tongue of a cow which they dry so long till it may be beaten into pouder and so giue it to a woman in white wine or broath The dust of the heele of an oxe or ancle bone taken in Wine and put to the gummes or teeth doe fasten them Rasis and remoue the ache away The ribbes of oxen beaten to pouder doe stay the fluxe of blood Fuâ—nerius and restrain the aboundance of monthly courses in women The ancle of a white cow layed forty daies and nightes into wine and rubbed on the face with white linnet taketh spots and maketh the skinne looke very cleare Where a man biteth any other liuing creature seeth the flesh of an oxe or a calfe and after fiue dayes lay it to the sore and it shall worke the ease thereof The flesh being warme layed to the swellings of the body easeth them so also doe the warme blood and gall of the same beast The broath of beefe healeth the loosnesse of the bellye comming by reason of choler and the broath of cowes flesh or the marrow of a cow healeth the vlcers and chinkes of the mouth The skinne of an oxe especially the leather thereof worne in a shooe burned and applyed to pimples in the body or face cureth them The skinne of the feete and Nose of an oxe or sheepe sod ouer a soft and gentle fire vntill there arise a certaine scumme like to glue from it and afterward dried in the cold windye aire and drunk helpeth or at least easeth burstnesse very much The marrow of an oxe or the sewet helpeth the straynes of sinnewes if they be anointed therewith If one make a small candle of paper and cowes marrow setting the same on fire vnder his browes or eye-lids which are balde without haire and often annoynting the place he shall haue very decent and comely haire grow thereupon Likewise the sewet of oxen helpeth against all outward poyson so in all Leprosies botches and scuruinesse of the skinne the same mingled with Goose grease and poured into the eares helpeth the deafenesse of them It is also good against the inflammation of the eares the stupidity and dulnesse of the teeth the running of the eyes the vlcers and rimes of the mouth and stiffenesse of the neck If ones blood be liquid and apt to runne forth of the body it may be well thickned and retayned by drinking Oxe blood mingled with vineger the blood of a cow poured into a wound that bleedeth stayeth the blood Likwise the blood of Oxen cureth the scabs in Dogs Concerning their Milke volumes may be written of the seuerall and manifold vertues thereof for the Arcadians refused all medicine onely in the spring time when their beasts did eate grasse they dranke cowes Milke being perswaded Pliny A History that the vertue and vigour of al good hearbs and fruits were receiued and digested into that liquor for they gaue it medicinally to them which were sicke of the Prisicke of consumption of an old cough of the consumption of the raynes of the hardnesse of the belly and of all manner poysons which burne inwardly which is also the opinion of all the Greeke Physitians and the shell of a Walnut sod in cow-milke and layed to the place where a serpent hath bitten it cureth it and stayeth the poyson The same being new and warme Gargarized into the throate helpeth the sorenesse of the kernels and all payne in the arteries and swelling in the throate and stomacke and if any man bee in danger of a short breath let him take daylie softe pitch with the hearbe Mummie and harts-suet clarified in a Cup of new Milke and it hath beene proued very profitable Where the paynes of the stomacke come by sadnesse Melancholy or desperation drinke Cow-milke Womans Milke or Asses-milke wherein a flint-stone hath beene sodden When one is troubled with a desire of going often to the stoole and can egest nothing let him drinke cow-milke and Asse-milke sod together the same also heated with gads of Iron or Steele and mingled with one fourth part of water helpeth the bloody flix mingled with a little Hony and a Buls gall with cummin and gourds layed to the Nauell and some affirme that cow-milke doth help conception if a woman be troubled with the white fluxe so that hir wombe be indaungered let her drinke a purgation for hir vpper partes and afterward Asses milke last of all let her drinke cow-milke and new wine for forty daies together if neede be so mingled that the wine appeare not in the milke and it shall stay the fluxe But in the vse of milke the rule of Hipocrates must be continually obserued that it be not vsed with any sharpe ot tart liquor for then it curdleth in the stomack and turneth into corruption The whay of cow-milke mingled with Hony and salt as much as the tast will permit and drunke looseneth the hardnesse of the Belly The marrow of a cow mingled with a little meale and with new cheese wonderfully stayeth the bloody flixe It is affirmed that there is in the head of an oxe a certaine little stone which onely in the feare of death he casteth out at his mouth if this stone be taken from them suddenly by cutting the head it doth make children to breed teeth easily being soone tyed about them If a man or woman drinke of the same water whereof an oxe drunke a little before it wil ease the head-ache and in the second venter of a cow there is a round blacke Tophus found being of no waight which is accounted very profitable to Wommen in hard trauailes of child-birth The Liuer of an oxe or cow dryed and drunke in pouder cureth the fluxe of blood The gall of
downe in their mouthes till they be seuen dayes old but not afterward they haue milke about fiue daies before theyr littering It is not good to preserue the first or second litter but the third and after they haue littered it is good to giue the Bitch Whay and Barly bread for that will comfort her and encrease her milke and in some places they take Goates milke and seeth in it broken bones of meate whereby they conceiue that the Damme and Whelpes are much battered for that nutriment there is not any great regard of the nourishment of Dogges for they will eate much and that often and diuers things except Dogges flesh for that cannot be so dressed and prepared by the art of man Aelianus A â—ecret in â—heâ— foode but they finde it out by their nose and auoide it It is good to let the Whelpes sucke two monthes before they be weaned and that of their owne Damme for it is not so good for them to sucke another and in the meane time exercise them to meate as milke Whay Bread and flesh also from the spring vntill the Sunne entreth Cancer at which time it is good to let them grow leane according to the verses of Nemesian Consuetam minuisse saginam Prosuerit tenuesque magis retinere cibatus Ne grauts articulos deprauet pondere molles Nam tum membrorum nexus nodosque relaxant And afterward when they are sixe months old amend their diet againe that they may grow strong Tunc rursus miscere sero Cerealia dona Conueniet fortemque dari de frugibus escam Tardinus They will not eate bucke-mast wherewithall Hogges grow fat for that breedeth in them the paine of the head Athenaeus By eating the excrements of men they incurre many diseases they are made drunke by the Herbe Oenuttâ—as Crowes bee they cannot endure Wine but bread sopped in Wine they deuoure dryed flesh bread in Milke is their safest foode if Cummin bee now and then mixed in their bread they are not much troubled with wind in their bellyes If you put a little Oyle in their Water to drinke or lappe they will proue more able and swift to runne If he refuse and loath his meate take a little whot bread and giue it him before meat a remedy for loathing meate or dip broune bread in vineger and so presse or squise the liquor thereof into his nose and it wil ease him There is much a doe to chose a Whelpe vnder the Damme that will proue the best in the litter Of the choâ—â—e oâ—â—generous whelpe Some obserue that which seeth last and take that for the best other remoue the Whelpes from the kennell and lay them seuerall and apart one from the other then watch they which of them the Bitch first taketh and carrieth into her kennell againe and that they take for the best or else that which vomitteth last of all Some againe giue for a certaine rule to know the best that the same which waigheth least while it sucketh will proue best according to the verses of Nemesian Pondere nam catuli poteris prependere vires Corporibusque leues grauibus prenoscere cursu But this is certaine that the lighter whelpe wil proue the swifter and the heauier will bee the stronger Other make this experiment first they compasse in the Puppies in the absence of the Damme with a little circle of small sticks apt to burne and stinking rags Tardinus then set they them on fire about the whelps and that puppy which leapeth ouer first they take for the best that which coÌ„meth out last they condemne for the worst Assoone as the bitch hath littered it is good to chuse them you meane to preserue to cast away the refuse keepe them blacke or broun or of one colour for the spotted are not to be accounted of And thus much of the outward partes and the choice of Dogges The manifolde attributes of Dogges amonge all Writers doe decipher vnto vs their particular nature as that they are called sharpe bitter fierce subtill sounding bold Of the nature and inward qualities of Dogges cared for attention affable swift speedy Clamorous wilde faithfull horrible rough fasting cruell vngentle vncleane hurtfull biting filthy smelling sent-follower watchfull madde hoarse and quicke-nosed beside many such other both among the Greekes and Latines And likewise you shall reade of many perticular Dogges and their names appellatiue both in Greeke and Latine which may be remembred also in this place to shew what reconing all ages haue made of this beast for it is necessary that as soone as he beginneth to feede he presently receiue a name such are these of twoe sillables or more as Scylax Spoude Alke Rome Lacon Acalanthis Agre Labros Hylactor Alleus Argus one of Vlisses Dogs Asbolus Augeas Aura Bria Polis Bremon Katnon Canâ—â—che Happarus Charon Chorax Harpia Lycitas Chiron Lycisca Arcas Dromas Gnome Eba Hybris Hyleus Maira Melampus Orne Lethargos Nape beside infinite other among the ancients but among the later writers Turcus Niphus Falco Ragonia Serpens Ichtia Pilaster Leo Lupus Stella Fulgur Bellina Rubinum Satinus and Furia so that euery Nation and almost euery man hath a proper and peculiar name for his Dog as well as for his Oxe There is not any creature without reason more louing to his Maister Of the loue of a Dogge nor more seruiceable as shall appeare afterward then is a Dogge induring many stripes patiently at the hands of his maister and vsing no other meanes to pacifie his displeasure then humiliation prostration assentation and after beating turneth a reuenge into a more feruent and whot loue In their rage they will set vpon all strangers Pliny Plutarch Homer A secret to pacifie an angry Dog Aelianus yet heerein appeareth their Noble spirit for if any fall or sit downe on the ground cast away his weapon they bite him not taking that declining for submissiue pacification They meete their maister with reuerence and ioy crouching or bending a little like shamefast and modest persons and although they know none but their maister and familiars yet will they help any man against another Wilde beast They remember voyces and obey their leaders hissing or whisling There was a Dogge in Venice which had beene three yeares from his Maister a history of a dogs memory yet knew him againe in the Market place discerning him from thousands of people present he remembreth any man which giueth him meat when he fauneth vpon a man he wringeth his sknne in the forehead The Dogge which is broad faced like a Lyon Gillius Kâ—amides a secret in the feare of a dog is most full of stomach and courage yet the tongue or skinne of an Hyaena by naturall instinct maketh him runne away sometimes they will agree with Wolues for they haue engendered togither and as the lute-strings made of a Wolfe and a Lambe cannot agree in musicke but one of them will break so also
Albertus and so oftentimes put it vpon the maime or if neither of these can be performed by the beast himselfe then cure it by casting vpon it the ashes of a dogs heade or burned salte mingled with liquid pitch powred therupon When a dog returning from hunting is hurt about the snowt Blondus by the venemous teeth of some wilde beast I haue seene it cured by making incision about the wound whereby the poysoned blood is euacuated and afterward the sore was annointed with oile of Saint Iohns wort Wood-worms cureth a dog bitten by serpents Plinyus When he is troubled with vlcers or rindes in his skin pieces of Pot-sheardes beaten to powder and mingled with vineger and Turpentine with the fat of a Goose or else waterwort with new Lard applyed to the sore easeth the same and if it swel anoint it with Butter For the drawing forth a thorne or splinter out of a Dogs foote take coltes-foote and Lard or the pouder there of burned in a new earthen pot and either of these applyed to the foot draweth forth the thorne and cureth the sore for by Dioscorides it is said to haue force to extract any point of a Speare out of the body of a man For the wormes which breede in the vlcers of their heeles take Vnguentum Egiptiacum and the iuice of peach leaues There are some very skilfull hunters which affirme that if you hang about the Dogs necke sticks of Citrine as the wood drieth so will the wormes come forth and dy Again for thâ—s euil they wash the wounds with water then rub it with pitch time and the dung of an Oxe in Vineger Tardinus afterward they apply vnto it the powder of Ellebor When a dog is troubled with the maungie itch or Ring-wormes first let him blood in his fore legs in the greatest veyne afterward make an ointment of Quick siluer Brimstone nettle-seed Albertus Rasis and twice so much olde sewet or Butter and therewithal all anoint him putting thereunto if you please decoction of Hops and salt water Some do wash maungy Dogs in the Sea-water and there is a caue in Sicily saith Gratius that hath this force against the scabs of Dogs if they be brought thither and set in the running water which seemeth to be as thicke as oyle Flegme or melancholly doth often engender these euils and so after one Dog is infected all the residue that accompany or lodge with him are likewise poisoned for the auoyding thereof you must giue them Fumitory Sorrel and whay sod together it is good also to wash them in the sea or in smiths-Smiths-water or in the decoction aforesaid For the taking awaie of warts from the feet of Dogs or other members first rub and friccase the wart violently and afterward anoint it with salt Oyle Vineger and the powder of the rind of a Gourd or else lay vnto it Alloes beaten with mustard-seed to eat it off and afterward lay vnto it the little scories or iron chips which flie off from the Smithes hotte iron while he beateth it mingled with Vineger and it shall perfectly remooue them Against Tikes Lyce and Fleas annoint the Dogs with bitter Almonds Staues acre or Roots of Maple or Cipers or froth of Oile and if it be old and annoint also their ears with Salt-water and bitter Almondes then shall not the flies in the Summer time enter into them If Bees or Waspes or such Beasts sting a Dogge lay to the sore burned Rue with Water and if a greater Fly as the Hornet let the Water be warmed A Dog shall be neuer infected with the Plague if you put into his mouth in the time of any common pestilence Blondus the powder of a Storks craw or Ventrickle or any part thereof with Water which thing ought to be regarded for no creature is so soone infected with the plague as is a Dogge and a Mule and therefore they must either at the beginning receiue medicine or else bee remooued out of the ayre according to the aduise of Gratius Sed varij mitus nec in omnibus vna potestes Disce vices quae tutela est proxima tenta Woolfe-wort Pliny and Apocynon whose leaues are like the leaues of Iuye and smell strongly will kill all Beasts which are littered blind as Wolues Foxes Beares and Dogs if they eat thereof So likewise will the root of Chamaeleon and Mezereon in water and oyle it killeth Mice Discorides Swine and Dogs Ellebor and Squilla and Faba Lupina haue the same operation There is a Gourd called Zinziber of the Water because the tast thereof is like to Ginger the Flower Fruite and Leafe thereof killeth Asses Mules Dogs and manie other Foure-footed beastes The nuts Vomicae are poison to Dogges except their care be cut presently and made to bleed It will cause them to leape strangely vp and downe and kill him within two houres after the tasting if it be not preuented by the former remedy Theophrastus Chrysippus affirmeth that the water wherein Sperrage beene sodde giuen to Dogges killeth them the fume of Siluer or Leade hath the same opperation If a Dog grow lean and not through want of meat Albertus it is good to fill him twice or thrice with Butter and if that doe not recouer him then it is a signe that the worme vnder his tongue annoieth him which must be presently pulled out by some Naule or Needle if that satisfie not he cannot liue but will in short time perish And it is to be noted that Oaten bread leauened will make a sluggish dog to become lusty agile and full of spirit Blondus Dogs are also many times bewitched by the onely sight of inchaunters euen as infants Lambes and other creatures according to Virgils verse Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos For bewitching spirit entereth by the eie into the hart of the party bewitched for remedy whereof they hang about the necke a chaine of Corrall as for holy hearbs I hold them vnprofitable To cure the watry eyes of Dogs take warme water and first wash them therewith and then make a plaister of meale and the white of an Egge and so lay it thereunto By reason of that saying Eccles 20. cap. Bribes and gifts blind the eies of Iudges Vnicentius euen as a dumbe dog turneth away Correction Some haue deliuered that greene Crow-foote forced into the mouth of a Dog maketh him dumbe and not able to barke When a Dog becommeth deafe the oile of Roses with new pressed wine infused into his eares cureth him and for the wormes in the eares make a plaister of a beaten spunge and the white of an Egge Tardinus and that shall cure it The third kind of Quinancy called Synanche killeth Dogs Pollux Niphus because it bloweth vppe their chaps and includeth their breath The cough is very noisome to Dogs wherefore their keepers must infuse into their Nostrils two cuppes of wine with brused sweete Almonds
but Tardinus for this disease prescribeth great parceley sod with Oyle Honey and Wine and so giuen to the Dog For the shortnes of the breath Blondus bore him thorough the eare and if there be any helpe that will preuaile If a bone sticke in the mouth of a Dog hold vppe his head backward and powre Ale into his mouth vntill he cough and so shall he be eased When a Dog hath surfetted and falleth to loth his meat he eateth the hearbe Canaria and is releeued both against his surfet and also the bitings of Serpents For the wormes in the belly he eateth wheate in the stalke The gowt maketh the Dogs legs grow crooked and it is neuer so cured but that after a course or two they grow lame againe When his skin flyeth from his nailes take meale water bind them therunto for a remedie and these are for the most part those diseases wherewithall dogs are infected and the other are either cured by heat or by eating of grasse and so for this part I conclude both the sicknes and cure of dogs with the saying of Gratius Mille tement pestes curaque potentia maior Concerning the madnes of dogs and their venemous bitings we are now to speake Of the bitiÌ„gs of mad dogs and their curs and first of al no reasonable man ought to doubt why the teeth of a mad dog should do more harme then of a sound and healthy one because in rage and anger the teeth of euery beast and creature receiue venome and poison from the head as it is well obserued by Aegineta and so at that time fastning their teeth they do more harm then at other times Against the simple biting of a dog it is sufficient to vse but the vrine of a dog for there is not much venome in those wounds and the vrine also wil draw out the prickles of a hedghog because such wounds haue in them but little poyson Also as Aetius prescribeth it is very Soueraigne in such wounds first of all to couer and rub the sore with the palme of ones hand and then powre into it Vineger and Nitre so as it may discend to the bottome of the wound and afterward lay vnto it a new spunge wetted in the same Vineger nitre and let it be so continued for the space of three daies and by the working thereof it shal be whole Also it is generally to be obserued in all the bitings of men by Dogs that first of all it is requisite that the wound be well rubbed ouer by the palme of the hand with Vineger then poure into the wounds vineger mixed with water or with nitre laying also a spunge thereupon and so bind it vpon the place hauing first wetted the cloathes wherewithall you bind it with the said vineger mixed so let it remaine bound vp three daies together and afterward follow the common course of curing as in euery vulgar woundes or else lay thereunto pellitory of the wall mingled and beaten with salt changing it euery day vntill the crust or vpper skin thereof fall away It is also good sometimes the holes being small to wet Lint in vineger and to purge the wound with pouder of Annisse-seed or Cumin laying the Lint vpon the Annisse for two or three daies The same being thus purged take a medicine of the equall partes of Hony Turpentine Butter Goose-greace Marrow of a Hart or Calfe melted betwixt the teeth of a man and lay it thereunto for it also cureth the bitinges of men but if the sore be inflamed then lay vnto it Lentils sod with the parings of apples and dried or the crummes of bred with the iuyce of beetes and a little oyle of Roses made like a plaister Diuers Authors haue also prescribed these outward medicines against the bitinges of Dogs in generall namely Vineger spunged the lees of Vineger with Nigella Romana Venus haire Alablaster Brine with Lint Garlicke mixed with hony and taken into the body Lees of Wine Almonds both sweet and bitter mingled with Hony dried Annisse-seeds burned the leaues of blacke Hore-hound or Archangell beaten with salt scallions with Hony and Pepper of the case the iuyce of Onions with Rue and Hony or raw Onions with Hony and Vineger but sod ones with hony wine if they be green let them lie to the wound three dayes the ashes of Vine-trees with oyle ashes of a figtree with a seare-cloath beside infinite other elaborate medicines drawne from Trees Fruits fields Gardens and all other creatures as if nature had onely strouen to prouide sundry ready cures for this euill aboue all other Leauing therefore the simple bitings of Dogs let vs proceed to the madnesse of Dogs and their bitings wherein the greater danger must be considered with greater circumspection of remedies First therfore the ancients haue deriued Rabiem of Rauiem madnesse of the hoarsnes of voice because a Dog at that time hath no perfect voice But it is more probable that Rabies commeth of Rapiendo because when a Dog beginneth to be oppressed heerewith he biteth snatcheth runneth too and is fro and is carryed from home and Maister to his owne perdition this by the Graecians is called Lytta and Cynolossos By this euill not onely Dogs perish but all other creatures except a Goose bitten by them and a man doth not escape without great perill For Albertus relateth a story of a man whose arme was bitten by a mad Dog and after twelue yeares the sore brake forth againe and he died within two dayes and the reason heerof was as in all likelihood that of Coelius that when one and the same nature infecteth each other as Dogs do Dogs and men do men then by reason of their similitude and naturall sympathy they receiue the consuming poyson with all speed but if another nature infect that betwixt whom in inclination and passion there is a dissimilitude Antipathy as is betwixt a dog and a man then will the poison receiue greater opposition and bee so much the longer before it receiue predominant operation because the first ouercommeth nature by treason against which there is no resistaunce and the sâ—cond by open force and proclamation of Warre against which all the strength and force of nature is combined and opposed Heereof also it came to passe that the Noble Lawyer Baldus playing with his Dog at Trent Mathaeolus A History of the death of Baldus was bitten by him in his lip and neglecting the matter because he neuer suspected the Dogs madnes after foure moneths the poison wrought vppon him and he perished miserably Those Beastes which haue teeth like sawes as Dogges Wolues and Foxes goe madde by nature without the bitinges of others but those which haue no such teeth as Asses and Mules fall not madde at any time vntill they be bitten by other Mishal Ephesâ—us Also it hath bene obserued that sometimes a mad dog hath bitten Aug. Niphus and there hath followed no harme at all
bands they remaine quiet peaceable and obedient taking their meate which is layed before them Pliny and Solinus prescribe the iuyce of Barly to be giuen to them for their mitification whereunto also agreeth Dioscorides calling that kind of drinke Zythus and the reason heereof is bycause of the tarte sharpnesse in barly water if it stand a little while and therfore also they prescribe vineger and ashes to rub the beasts mouth for it hath power in it to pierce stones Plutarch al sharp things penitrate deepe into his flesh and alter his nature the inuention whereof is attributed to Democritus Being thus tamed they grow into ciuill and familiar vses for Caesar ascended into the Capitall betwixt foure hundred Elephants carring at either side burning Torches and Heliogobalus brought foure Waggons drawne with Elephantes in Vaticanum and men commonly ride vpon them 〈◊〉 for Apollonius sawe neere the Ryuer Indus a Boy of thirteen yeare old ryding alone vpon an Elephant spurring and pricking him as freely as any man will do a leane Horsse They are taught to bend one of their hinder legges to take vp their Ryder who also must receiue helpe from some other present standers by The taking vp of their riders or else it is impossible to mount on the backe of so high a palfrey They which are not accustomed to ride vppon these beastes are affected with vomiting and casting like men when they first of all take the Sea vacâ—omanus Giâ—lius They are ruled without bridle or raines onely by a long crooked piece of Wood bending like a Sickle and nayled with sharpe Nayles no man can sitte more safely and more softly vppon a Horsse or Mule then they doe which Ryde vppon the Elephants Nâ—â—chus Strabo Elephants for the plowe The Indians with their lesser Elephantes which they call bastard Elephantes plow their ground and corne The common price of Elephantes is at the least fiue hundred Nobles and sometimes two thousand The price of Elephants The Indian Women are most chast and continent yet for an Elephant they take a great pride to be hired for Whoores for they imagine that the fame and receiued oppinyon of their beautye doeth connteruayle and couer the shamefull losse of their honesty as Arrianus wryteth in his booke of Indians Since the time that Elephants haue been tamed their natures dispositions haue beene the better obserued and discouered for they willingly obey their keepers learning all feates of Armes Their obedience and trâ—c tâ—â—le gentlenesse to take vp stones and cast them and to swimme so that Strabo affirmeth there was no possession or wealth comparable to a chariot or Waggon of Elephants Mutianus which was thrice Consull affirmed to Pliny that he saw an Elephant which learned the Greeke letters Pliny Their learning in leters and was able with his tongue to Write these wordes Autos egoo Tadegrapsa laphura te kelt'anetheca that is I Wrote these thinges and dedicated the Celtican spoyls but in these actions of Writing the hand of the teacher must be also present to teach him how to frame the Letters and then as Aelianus sayeth they will Wryte vppon Tables and followe the true proportion of the Characters expressed before their face whereupon they looke as attentiuely as any Grammarian In India they are taught many sportes as to Daunce and Leape which caused Martiall to Wryte thus Turpes esseda quod trahunt bisontes Et molles dare iussa quod chore as Nigro bellua nil legat magistro Quis spectacula non putet deorum When the Prizes of Germanicus Caesar were played there were many Elephantes which acted strange feates or partes foure of them went vppon Ropes and ouer the Tables of meate where on they set their feete so warily that they neuer touched any of the ghests the boardes or standing Cuppes being fully furnished And also they learned to daunce after Pipes by measure sometime Dauncing softly and sometime apace and then againe leaping vpright according to the number of the thing sung or played vpon the instrument and they are apt to learne remember meditate and conceiue such things as a man can hardly performe Their industrious care to performe the thinges they are taught appeareth heerein bycause when they are secret and alone by themselues they will practise leaping dancing and other strange feats which they could not learn suddenly in the presence of their maisters as Pliny affirmeth for certaine truth of an Elephant which was dull and hard of vnderstanding his keeper found him in the night practising those thinges which hee had taught him with many stripes the day before and cold not preuaile by reason of the beasts slow conceit Their was an Elephant playing vpon a Cymball Plutarch and others of his fellowes dauncing about him for there was fastened to either of both of his forelegs one Cymball and another hanged to his trunke the beast would obserue iust time and strike vppon one and then the other to the admiration of all the beholders There was a certaine banquet prepared for Elephants vpon a low bed in a palour set with diuers dishes and poâ—s of Wine whereinto were admitted twelue sixe males apparelled like men and sixe females apparelled like women when they saw it they sat downe with great modesty taking heere and there like discreet temperat ghests neither rauening vppon one dish or other and when they should drinke they tooke the cup receiuing in the liquor very manerly and for sport festiuity would through their trunks squirt or cast a litle of their drink vpon their attendants Aelianus so that this beast is not onely of an admirable greatnes but of a more wonderful meakenesse and docibility Aristotle The reuerence of Elephants to Kings They are said to diseerne betwixt kings and common persons for they adore and bend vnto them poynting to their Crownes which caused Martiall to Write this Tetrastichon Quid pius supplex elephas te Caesar adorat Non facit hoc iussus nulloque docente magistro Hic modo qui tauro tam metuendus erat Crede mihi numen sentit ille tuum The King of Indians was watched with foure and twenty Elephants 3. kindes of Elephants who were taught to forbeare sleepe and to come in their turnes at certaine houres and so were they most faithfull carefull and inuincible And as there be of them three kindes the Palustrians or Marishye Elephantes are hare-brained and inconstant the Elephantes of the Mountaines are subtill and euill natured lying in waite to destroy and deuoure but the Campestriall Elephants are meeke Gentle Docible and apt to imitate men In these is the vnderstanding of their country language of obedience to Princes gouernment and offices the loue and pleasure of glory and praise and also that which is not alway in men namely equity wisedome and probity They haue also a kinde of Religion for they worshippe reuerence and obserue the course of the Sunne
fours drams of Myrrha a dram of vineger and Hony beat together Galen cureth him that hath a swimming or dizzinesse in his brain The gal newly taken forth mingled with a like portion of hony and warme in the skinne of an onyon and so put into the eare giueth remedy to him that can heare nothing If he that is sicke in the melt that is if it be ouer hard swallow downe the melt of a Hare not touching it with his teeth or seeing it with his eies it cureth him The belly of a hare with the intrals tosted and burned in a frying-pan mixed with oyle and anointed vpon the head restoreth decaied haires The raines of a hare inueterated and drunke in Wine expelleth the stone Auicen and being sod cut and dryed in the sun helpeth the paine in the raines if it be swallowed downe and not touched with the teeth The raines of a hare and of a Moore-henne cureth them that are poisoned by Spiders the stones of a hare rosted and drunke in wine staieth the incontinencie of vrine In the paine of the loines and of the hip bones they haue the same operation The secrets and stones of hares are giuen to men and women to make them apter to copulation and conception but this opinion hath no other ground beside the foecundity of the beastes that beareth them They which carry about with them the anckle bone of a hare shal neuer be pained in the belly as Pliny saith So likewise Sextus and Marcellus Take the anckle bone out of a liue hare and haires from her belly there withall make a threed and bind the said bone to him that hath the Collicke and it shall ease him The said bone also beaten to powder is reckoned amonge the chiefe remedies against the stone When women haue hard trauel put it into Creticke-wine with the liquor of penyroyall and it procureth speedy deliuery being bound to the benummed ioynts of a mans legge bringeth great ease so also do the feete being bruised and drunke in warme wine releeueth the arteries and shortnesse of breath and some beleeue that by the foote of a hare cut off aliue the gout is eased The fime of a hare cureth scortched members and whereas it was no small honour to virgins in ancient time to haue their brestes continually stand out euery one was prescribed to drinke in wine or such other thinges nine graines of hares dung the same drunke in wine at the Euening staieth coughing in the night in a potion of warme wine it is giuen to them that haue the bloody flix likewise if a man be sicke of the Collicke and drink three pieles thereof in sweet wine it procureth him much ease being decocted with hony and eaten euery day the quantity of a beane in desperate cases mendeth ruptures in the bowels Asclepiades in his medicine whereby he procured fruitfulnesse to Noble Women hee gaue them foure drams of Mirrha two drams of Flower-deluce two of hares dung confected with colliâ—iall water and so put vp into their bellies after ceasing of the flowers before they lay with their husbands Albertus and Raphael prescribe this medicine to help a woman that wanteth milke in her brests Cristall white mustard-seed and Hares dung put into broath made with Fennell THE HEDG-HOG Of the kinds of hedghogs Implici tumque sinu spinosi corporis erem The Arabians call him Ceufud or Coufed the Caldeans Caupeda the Septuagints Mugale Siluaticus calleth it Agilium Auicen Adulduâ— and Aliherha signifieth a great Mountaine Hedghog the Grecians Cher and Acanthonocos or Echinos by reason of the prickes vpon his backe The Latines Echinus Ericius Ricius Herix and Erinatius the Italians Riccio and Rizo the Spaniards Erizo the Portingals Ouriso or Orizo Cache because of hiding themselues the French Herison the Germans Igal as in lower Germany in Holland Een Yseren Vercken in English a Hedghog or an vrchine by which name also we call a man that holdeth his Necke in his bosome the Italians Gess Malax Their place of abode Illirians Azvuijer Zatho Otzischax So theÌ„ for the entrance of this discourse we take it for granted that Herinatius and Echinus signifie one thing except one of them signifie that kind which is like to a Hogge and the other that kinde which is like to a Dogge for they differ in place or in habitation some of them keepe in the mountaines and in the Woods or hollow trees The quantitye and other about Barnes and houses in the Summer time they keepe neare vineyards and bushy places and gather fruite laying it vp against winter The parts Hermolaus It is about the biggnesse of a Cony but more like to a Hogge being beset and compassed all ouer with sharpe thorney haires as well on the face as on the feete and those sharpe prickles are couered with a kind of soft mosse but when she is angred or gathereth her foode she striketh them vp by an admirable instinct of nature as sharpe as pinnes or Needles these are haire at the beginning but afterwardes grow to be prickles which is the lesse to be marueiled at because there bee Mise in Egypt as Pliny saith which haue haire like Hedghogs It hath none of these prickles on the belly and therefore when the skin is off it is in all parts like a Hog Albertus His stones are inward and cleaue to his loins like as a birds he hath two holes vnder his taile to eiect his excrements which no creature liuing hath beside him His meate is Apples Wormes or Grapes When he findeth Apples or Grapes on the earth hee rowleth himselfe vppon them vntill he haue filled all his prickles and then carrieth them home to his den neuer bearing aboue one in his mouth And if it fortun that one of them fall off by the way he likewise shaketh of all the residue and walloweth vpon them a fresh vntill they be all setled vpon his backe againe so foorth hee goeth making a noyse like a cart wheale And if hee haue any young ones in his nest they pull of his load wherewithall he is loaded eating thereof what they please and laying vppe the residue for the time to come When they are nourished at home in houses and brought vp tame they drinke both Milke and Wine Their copulation But there is an Hearbe called Potomagiton whereof if they tast they die presently When they are in carnall copulation they stand vpright and are not ioyned like other beastes for they imbrace one another standing belly to belly but the prickly thornes vppon their backes will not suffer them to haue copulation like Dogges or Swine and for this cause they are a very little while in copulation because they cannot stand long together vpon their hinder Legges When the female is to bring forth her young ones and feeleth the naturall paine of her deliuery she pricketh her owne belly to delay and put of her misery to her
somtime spred throughout al the vaines of the body and sometimes perhaps remaining only in the head or else in the spleene or places next adioyning The other mad Horsse was a Roane of Maisters Ashleies maister of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his maisters right forefinger in pieces whilest he offered him a little hay to eate whereby hee lost in a manner the vse of his whole hand to the great griefe of al his friends and also of al the muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweete musick as that his fine quauering hand could sometime make vpon diuers instrumentes but especially vpon the Virginals This Horsse I say though he could eat his meat drinke his drink and sleepe yet if hee were neuer so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himselfe by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoeuer he was ridden he was faine to be musled with a mussell of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his rider or himselfe which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madnes whereunto the Horsse was subiect by meanes that hotblood as I take it abounded ouermuch in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horsses madnesse you shal heare the opinion of old writers for Martin neuer tooke such cure in hand Absirtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madnesse of a Horsse commeth either by meanes of some extreame heat taken by traueling or long standing in the hot sun or else by eating ouer many fitches or by some hot bloode resorring to the pannicles of the brain or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaines or else by drinking of some very vnwholsome water The signes bee these he wil bite the manger and his owne body and run vpon euery man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his eares and stare with his eies and fome at the mouth and also as Hipocrates saith hee will forsake his meat and pine himselfe with hunger The cure Cause him to be let blood in his Legs aboundanly which is doone as I take it to diuert the bloode from his head Notwithstanding it were not amisse to let him blood in the Neck and brest vains Then giue him this drinke take the roots of wild Cowcumber and boile it in harsh red wine put thereunto a litle Nitre and giue it him with a horn lukwarm or if you can get no Cucumber then take Rue Mints and boile them in the wine It were not amisse also to adde thereunto a handfull of blacke Elleborus for that is a very good herbe against madnes Eumelius saith that if you giue him mans dung in wine to drink 3. mornings together it wil heale him also to take of black Elleborus 2. or 3. handfuls boile it in a sufficient quantity of strong vineger therwith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to al his body Some againe would haue the skin of his head to be pierced in diuers places with an hot iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuaile then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that wil heale him or else nothing As touching the diet and vsage of a mad Horsse the Authors doe not agree for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quiet house voyde from all noise which as Absirtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that daie that he is let blood and receiueth his drinke they would haue him fast vntill euen and then to haue a warme mash of Barly meale yea methinkes it were not amisse to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Another of the Head-ache Markham THe Head-ache as most are opynionated proceedeth of cold and rast digestion the cure is take a Goose feather annointed with Oyle de bay and thrust it vp into the horsses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it vnder the horsses nose so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and pricke him in the pallat of the mouth so as he may licke vp and chaw his own blood which done haue great care in keeping his head warme and doubt not his recouery Of the sleeping euill Blundevile THis is a disease forcing the beast continually to sleepe whether he wil or not taking his memory and appetite cleane away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of aboundance of flegme moistening the brain ouermuch It is easie to know it by the continuall sleeping of the Horsse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloode in the necke and then giue him this drinke Take of Camomile and Motherwort of each two or three handfuls and boile them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little wheat bran salt and vineger and let him drinke a pinte of that euery day the space of three or foure daies together It is good also to perfume and chafe his hed with Time Peniroyall sodden together in vineger or with Brimstone and feathers burned vpon a chafingdish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder vp into his nostrils yea and to annoint the palate of his mouth with Hony and Mustard mingled together and in his drinke which would be alwaies warme water to put Parsly seede and Fennell seede to prouoke vrine His Legs also would bee bathed and his hooues filled with wheat bran salt and vineger sodden togither and laid too so hot as hee may indure it and in any case suffer him not to sleepe but keepe him waking and stirring by continual crying vnto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot passe through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recouer Another of the sleeping euill Markham THe sleeping euil in a horsse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians cal the Lethargy in men for it prouoketh the horsse to sleep continually without disisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily knowne by his drowsinesse and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearefull noise or stripes perforce keepe him waking then let him bloode vnder the eies and in the necke and
his head with such perfumes as haue beene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glanders and also to giue him alwaies Coleworts chopt small with his prouender Some would haue him to drinke the warme blood of sucking pigs new slaine and some the iuyce of Leekes with oile and wine mingling together Others praise wine and Frankincense some oyle and Rue some would haue his body to be purged and set to grasse Of the consumption of the flesh and how to make a leane Horse fat MArtin saith that if a Horse take a great cold after a heat it wil cause his flesh to wast and his skin to wax hard and dry and to cleaue fast to his sides and hee shall haue no appetite vnto his meat and the fillets of his backe wil fal away and all the flesh of his buttocks and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heads vnflead boile them in three gallons of Ale or faire running water vntill the flesh be consumed from the bones that done strain it through a fine cloth and then put thereunto of Sugar one pound of Cinamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barberries of Cherries of each two ounces and mingle them together and giue the Horsse euery day in the morning a quart thereof lukewarme vntil all be spent and after euery time he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abroade if the weather be warme and not windy and let him neither eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no cold water but lukewarme the space of fifteene daies and let him be fed by little and little with such meate as the Horse hath most appetite vnto But if the horse be nesh and tender so wax lean without any apparant griefe or disease then the old writers would haue him to be fed now and then with partched Wheat and also to drinke Wine with his water and eate continually wheate bran mingled with his prouender vntill hee waxe stronge and hee must be often dressed and trimmed and lye softe without the which things his meat will do him but little good And his meat must be fine and cleane and giuen him often and by litttle at once Russius saith that if a Horsse eating his meat with good appetite doth not for al that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauin Bay berries Earth-nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wine or to giue him the intrals of a Barbell or Tench with white Wine He saith also that sodden Beanes mingled with Branne and Salt will make a leane Horsse fat in very short space Of griefe in the breast Blundevile LAurentius Russius writeth of a disease called in Italian Grauezza di petto which hath not beene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learn It coms as Russius saith of the superfluity of blood or other humors dissolued by some extreame heat and resorting down the breast paining the Horsse so as he cannot well go The cure whereof according to Russius is thus Let him bloode on both sides of the breast in the accostomed vaines and rowell him vnder the breast and twice a daye turne the rowells with your hand to mooue the humours that they may yssue forth and let him goe so roweled the space of fifteene daies Of the paine of the heart called Anticor that is to say Contrary to the heart THis proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding ouermuch rest which blood resorting to the inward parts doth suffocate the heart and many times causeth swellinges to appeare before the breast which will grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the Horsse The signes The Horse will hang downe his head in the manger forsaking his meate and is not able to lift vp his head The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides aboundantly in the plat vaines and then giue him this drinke take a quart of malmesie and put thereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugar and two ounces of Cinamon and giue it him lukewarme then keepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well about the stomach that the wind offend him no manner of way and giue him warme water with mault alawies to drinke and giue him such meate as he will eate And if the swelling do appeare then besides letting him blood strike the swelling in diuers places with your fleame that the corruption may goe forth and annoint the place with warme Hogs greace and that wil either make it to weare away or else to grow to a head if it be couered and kept warme Of tired Horsses BIcause we are in hand heere with the vitall partes and that when the Horsses be tyred with ouermuch labour their vitall spirits wax feeble I thinke it best to speak of them euen heere not with long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but briefely to shew you how to refresh the poore Horsse hauing neede thereof which is doone chiefely by giuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plenty of prouender And to quicken his spirits it shall be good to poure a little oyle and vineger into his Nostrils and to giue him the drinke of sheeps heads recited before in the Chapter of consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his Legges with this bath take of Mallowes of Sage of each two or three handfuls and a Rose-cake boile these things together and being boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet-oyle Or else make him this charge take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flower of each halfe a pound and a little Rozen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his Legs therewith and if it be summer turne him to grasse Of the diseased parts vnder the midriffe and first of the stomacke THe old Authors make mention of many diseases incident to a horses stomacke as loathing of meat spewing vp his drinke surfetting of prouender the hungry euil and such like which few of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I wil breefely speake of as many as I thinke necessary to bee knowne and first of the loathing of meate Blundevile Of the loathing of meat A Horsse may loath his meat through the imtemperature of his stomack as for that it is too hot or too cold If his stomacke be too hot then most commonly it will either inflame his mouth and make it to breake out in blisters yea and perhaps cause some cancker to breed there The cure of all which things hath beene taught before But if he forsake his meat onely for very heat which you shall perceiue by the hotnesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomack by giuing him cold water mingled with a little Vineger and oile to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wine of each one pinte and put
thereunto three ounces of Meâ— Rosatum and wash al his mouth with Vineger and salt If his stomacke be too colde then his haire wil stare and stand right vp which Absirtus and others were wont to cure by giuing the horse good wine and oile to drinke and some would seeth in wine Rew or Sage some would adde thereunto white Pepper and Mirre some woulde giue him Onions and Rocket seed to drinke with wine Againe there be other somewhich prescribe the blood of a young Sow with old wine Absirtus would haue the horse to eat the green blades of wheat if the time of the yeare wil serue for it Columella saith that if a horsse or anie other beaste do loath his meate it is good to giue him wine and the seede of Gith or else Wine and stampt garlicke Of casting out his drinke VEgetius saith that the horse may haue such a Palsie proceeding of cold in his stomack as he is notable to keepe his drinke but many times to cast it out again at his mouth The remedy whereof is to let him blood in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinkes that is to say made of hotte and comfortable spices and also to annoint al his breast and vnder his shoulders with hot oyles and to purge his head by blowing vp into his Nostrils pouders that prouoke neezing such as haue beene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of prouender THe glut of prouender or other meat not digested doth cause a horse to haue great paine in his body so as hee is not able to stande on his feete but lyeth downe and waltereth as though he had the Bots. The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sort Let him blood in the necke then trot him vppe and downe for the space of an houre and if he cannot stale draw out his yard and wash it with a little white wine luke warme and thrust into his yard either a brused cloue of Garlicke or else a little oile of Cammomile with a wax candle If he cannot dung then rake his fundament and giue him this glister Take of Mallows two or three handfuls and boile them in a pottle of faire running water and when the mallows be sodden then straine it and put therevnto a quart of fresh Butter and halfe a pinte of oile Oliue and hauing receiued this glister lead him vp and downe vntill he hath emptied his belly then set him vp and keepe him hungry the space of three or foure daies and the hay that he eateth let it be sprinkeled with water and let him drinke water wherein should be put a little bran and when he hath drunke giue him the bran to eate and giue him little or no prouender at al for the space of eight or ten daies Of another kind of surfetting with meat or drinke called of vs foundering in the body THis disease is called of the old writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it commeth as they say by eating of much prouender suddainely after labour whilst the horse is hot and panting Blundevile whereby his meate not being digested breedeth euill humors which by little and little do spread thoroughout his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength and make him in such a case as he can neither goe nor bow his ioyntes nor being laide he is not able to rise againe neither can he stale but with great paine It may come also as they saie of drinking too much in trauelling by the waie when the horse is hot but then it is not so dangerous as when it commeth of eating too much But howsoeuer it commeth they saie all that the humours will immediatelie resorte downe into the horses legges and feet and make him to cast his hooues and therfore I must needs iudge it to be no other thing but a plaine foundering which word foundering is borrowed as I take it of the French word Fundu that is to say molten For foundering is a melting or dissolution of humors which the Italians cal Infusione Martin maketh diuers kindes of foundering as the foundering of the bodie which the French men call most commonly Morfundu and foundering in the legs and feet also foundering before and behind which some Authors doe denie as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behind than before and that they cannot easily be dissolued or molten being so far distant from the hart the other vital parts Whereunto a man might answere that the natural heat of the hart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members which is daily proued by good experience For we see horses foundered not only before or behind but also of al foure legs at once which most commonly chanceth either by taking cold sodenly after a great heate as by standing stil vpon some cold pauement or abroad in the cold wind or els perhaps the horse trauelling by the way and being in a sweat was suffred to stand in some cold water whilst he did drinke which was worse then his drinking for in the mean time the cold entering at his feet ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heat before had dissolued and thereby when he commeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of his legs But leauing to speak of foundering in the legs as wel before as behind vntil we come to the griefs in the legs feet we intend to talk here only of foundring in the body according to Martins experience The signes to know if a horse be foundered in the body be these His haire wil stare and he wil be chil and shrug for cold and forsake his meat hanging down his head and quiuer after cold water and after 2. or 3. daies he wil begin to cough The cure according to Martin is thus First scour his belly with the glister last mentioned and then giue him a comfortable drink made in this sort Take of Malmsie a quart of Sugar halfe a quartern of hony halfe a quarterne of Sinamon halfe an ounce of Licoras and Annis seedes of each two spoonfuls beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmsie warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warm that done walke him vp and down in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bit 2. or 3. houres without meat but let him be warme couered and wel littered and giue him hay sprinkled with a little water and clean sifted prouender by a little at once and let his water be warmed with a little ground Malt therein And if you see him somewhat cheered then let him blood in the neck and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankincense and vse to walke him abroad when the weather is faire and not windy or els in the house
thought it came of weakenes as is aforesaide which I would iudge by the waterishnesse of the seed and vnlustines of the horse would giue him red wine to drinke and put therein a little Acatium the iuyce of Plantaine and a little Masticke and bath his backe with redde Wine and oyle of Roses mingled togither Of the falling of the yard IT commeth as I take it through the weakenes of the member by meanes of some resolution in the muscles and sinnewes seruing the same caused at the first perhaps by some great straine or stripe on the backe It may come also by wearines and tiring For remedy whereof Absirtus was wont to wash the yard with salt water from the sea if it may be gotten and if not with water and salt and if that preuailed not he would al to pricke the outmost skinne of the yard with a sharpe needle but not deepe and then wash all the prickes with strong Vineger and that did make the horse as he saith to draw vp his yarde againe immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagonius would haue you to put into the pipe of his yard hony and salt boiled togither and made liquid or else a quicke fly or a graine of Frankencense or a cloue of Garlicke clean pilled and somewhat brused and also to powre on his back oile wine Nitre made warm and mingled togither But Martins experience is in this sort First wash the yarde with warm white wine and then anoint it with oyl of Roses and hony mingled togither and put it vp into the sheath and make him a cod-peece of Canvas to keepe it still vp and dresse him thus euery day once vntil it be whole And in any case let his backe be kept warme either with a dubble cloath or else with a charge made of bole Armonie Egges wheate-flower Sanguis Draconis Turpentine and Vineger or els lay on a wet sacke which being couered with another dry cloath wil keepe his backe very warme Of the swelling of the Cod and stones ABsirtus saith that the inflammation and swelling of the cod and stones commeth by meanes of some wound or by the stinging of some Serpent or by fighting one horse with another For remedy whereof hee was woont to bath the cod with water wherein hath beene sodden the roots of wilde Cucumber and salt and then to annoint it with an ointment made of Cerusa oile Goates greace and the white of an Egge Some againe would haue the cod to be bathed in warme Water Nitrum and Vineger togither and also to be annointed with an ointment made of chalke or of potters earth Oxe dung cumin Water and Vineger or else to be annointed with the iuice of the herb Solanum called of some night-shade or with the iuyce of Hemblocke growing on dunghils yea and also to be let bloud in the flankes But Martin saith that the swelling of the cods commeth for the most part after some sicknesse or surfetting with colde and then it is a signe of amendment The cure according to his experience is in this sort First let him blood on both sides the flanke veines Then take of oile of Roses of Vineger of each halfe a pinte and halfe a quarterne of Bole Armony beaten to powder Mingle them togither in a cruse and being luke-warme annoint the cods therewith with two or three feaâ—hers bound togither and the next day ride him into the water so as his coddes may be within the water giuing him two or three turnes therein and so returne faire and softly to the stable and when he is dry annoint him againe as before continuing thus to do euery day once vntil they be whole The said Martin saith also the cods may be swollen by meanes of some hurt or euil humors resorting into the Cod and then he would haue you couer the cods with a charge made of Bole Armony and Vineger wrought togither renewing it euery day once vntil the swelling go away or that it breake of it selfe and if it breake then taint it with Mel Rosatum and make him a breech of Canuas to keepe it in renewing the taint euery day once vntil it be whole Of incording and brusing THis terme incording is borrowed of the Italian word Incordato which in plain English is as much to say as bursten Blundevile and might be more rightly tearmed of vs vncodded For when a horse is bursten his guts falleth downe into the cod making it to swell The Italians as I take it did cal it Incordato because the gut followes the string of the stone called of them Ilcordone or Lachorda whereof Incordato seemes to be deriued with some reason According to which reason we should cal it rather instringhed than inchorded for Chorda doth signifie a string or chord Notwithstanding sith that incording is already receiued in the stable I for my part am very well content therewith minding not to contend against it But now you haue to note that either man or beast may be bursten diuersly and according to the names of the partes greeued the Physitians doe giue it diuers names for you shall vnderstande that next vnto the thicke outward skinne of the belly there is also another inward thin skin couering al the muscles the Caule and the guts of the belly called of the Anatomists Peritoneum which skin commeth from both partes and sides of the backe and is fastened to the midriffe aboue and also to the bottome of the belly beneath to keepe in al the contents of the neather belly And therefore if the skin be broken or ouer sore strained or stretched then either some part of the caule or guts slippeth downe sometime into the cod sometime not so farre If the gut slip downe into the cod then it is called of the Physitians by the Greek name Enterocele that is to say gut-bursten But if the caule fall downe into the cod then it is called of the Physitians Epiplocele that is to say Caule-bursten But either of the diseases is most properlie incident to the male kind for the femal kind hath no cod Notwithstanding they may be so bursten as either gut or caule may fal downe into their natures hanging there like a bag But if it fal not downe so lowe but remaineth aboue nigh vnto the priuy members or flankes which place is called of the Latines Inguen then of that place the bursting is called of the physitians Bubonocele whereunto I knowe not what English name to giue vnlesse I should cal it flanke-bursten Moreouer the cod or flanke may bee sometime swollen by meanes of some waterish humour gathered together in the same which is called of the physitians Hydrocele that is to say water-bursten and sometime the cod may be swollen by meanes of some hard peece of flesh cleauing to the thin skins or panicles of the stones and then it is called of the physitians Sarcocele that is to say flesh-bursten But forasmuch as
to the eie and easie to know by the description thereof before made The cure according to Martin is thus Firste wash shaue and scarifie the place as before Then take of Cantharides halfe an ounce of Euforbium an ounce broken to powder Oyle de Bay one ounce mingle them wel together colde without boiling them and dresse the sore therewith two daies togither and euery day after vntil the haire be growne againe annoint it with fresh Butter Then fire him both without and within as before without tainting him and immediately take vp the maister veine as before and then for the space of nine daies annoint him euery daye once with Butter vntil the fiered place beginne to scale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handful and as much of red nettles boile them in water vntil they be soft and put thereunto a litle fresh butter and bath the place euery day once for the space of three or foure daies and vntil the burning be whole let the horse come in no wet Of the Selander THis is a kind of scab breeding in the ham which is the bent of the hough and is like in al points to the Malander proceeding of like causes and requireth like cure and therefore resort to the Malander Of the hough boonie or hard knob THis is a round swelling boony like a Paris bal growing vpon the tippe or elbow of the hough and therefore I thought good to cal it the hough-boonie This sorance commeth of some stripe or bruse and as Martin saith is cured thus Take a round hot yron somewhat sharpe at the ende like a good bigge bodkin and let it be somewhat bending at the point Then holding the sore with your left hande pulling it somewhat from the sinnewes pierce it with the yron being first made red hot thrusting it beneath in the bottome and so vpward into the belly to the intent that the same ielly may yssue downeward out at the hole and hauing thrust out al the ielly taint the hole with a tainte of Flaxe dipt in Turpentine and Hogges greace moulten together and also annointe the out-side with Hogges greace made warme renewing it euery daye once vntill the hole be ready to shut vp making the taint euery day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heale vp Of the Curbe Blundevile THis is a long swelling beneath the Elbow of the hough in the great sinnewe behind and causeth the horse to halt after that he hath been a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the sinnew is strained the greater griefe which againe by his rest is eased This commeth by bearing some great weight when the horse is younge or else by some straine or wrinch whereby the tender sinnewes are greeued or rather bowed as Russsius saith whereof it is called in Italian Curba a Curuando that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swel which swelling is apparant to the eie and maketh that legge to shew bigger than the other The cure according to Martin is thus Take of wine-Leeze a pinte a porringer ful of Wheat flower of Cumin halfe an ounce and stirre them well togither and being made warme charge the sore 3. or 4. daies and when the swelling is almost gone then draw it with a hot yron and couer the burning with Pitch and Rozen moulten together and lay it on good and warme and clap thereon some flockes of his owne colour or so nigh as may be gotten and remoue them not vntil they fal away of themselues And for the space of nine daies let the horsse rest and come in no wet Another of the Curbe Markham A Curbe is a sorance that maketh a horse to halt much and it appeares vpon his hinder legges straight behind vpon the cambrell place and a little beneath the Spauen and it wil be swolne as big as halfe a Walnut the cure followeth Take a small cord and bind his legges hard aboue it and beneath it then beat it and rub it with a heauy sticke til it growe soft then with a fleame strike it in three or foure places and with your thumbes crush out the filthy brused matter then loose the corde and annoint it with Butter vntil it be whole Of the paines Blundevile THis is a kinde of scabbe called in Italian Crappe which is full of fretting matterish water and it breedeâ—h in the pasternes for lacke of cleane keeping and good rubbing after the horse hath beene iournied by means wherof the sand dirt remaining in the haire fretteth the skin and flesh and so breedeth a scab And therefore those horses that haue long haire and are rough about the feet are soonest troubled with this disease if they be not the cleanlier kept The signes be these His legs wil bee swollen and hot and water wil yssue out of the scab which water his hot and fretting as it wil scalde off the haire and breed scabs so farre as it goeth The cure according to Martin is thus First wash wel al the pasternes with Beere and Butter warmed togither and his legs being somewhat dried with a cloth clip away al the haire sauing the fewter lockes Then take of Turpentine of Hogges-greace of hony of each like quantity mingle them togither in a pot and put thereunto a little Bole Armony the yelkes of two Egges and as much Wheat-flower as wil thicken the things aforesaid and make it plaister-like and for that cause it had need to be very wel wrought and stirred togither Then with a slice strike some of the plaister vpon such a peece of linnen cloath as wil serue to go round about the pasterne and bind it fast on with a rowler renewing it once a day vntil it be whole and let not the horse be trauelled nor stand wet Another of the paines PAines is a sorance that commeth of hot ill humors of il keeping it appeareth in the Fetlockes Markham and wil swel in the Winter time and wil send foorth a sharpe water the haire wil stare and the cure is thus Wash them euery day twice or thrice with gun-pouder and Vineger and they wil be whole in one weeke at the most Of Mules or kibed heeles called of the Italians Mule THis is a kind of scab breeding behind somewhat aboue the neather ioynt growing ouerthwat the fewterlock which commeth most commonly for being bred in cold ground or else for lack of good dressing after that he hath bin labored in foule mire and dirty waies which durt lying stil in his legs fretteth the skin and maketh scabby rifts which are soone bred but not so soone gotten away The anguish wherof maketh his legs somtime to swell and specially in winter and spring time and then the horse goeth very stifly and with great pain The sorance is apparant to the eie and is cured according to Martin in this sort Take a piece of linnen cloth and with the salue
three yolkes of egges and a little Saffron and taint it with that ointment renewing it euery day once vntill the wound be whole Of burning with Lime or any other fiery thing MArtin saith First wash away the Lime if there bee any with warme water Then kill the fire with oyle and Water beaten together dressing him so euery daye vntill it be all raw and then annoint it with hogs grease and strew thereupon the powder of slecked lime dressing him so euery day once vntill it be whole Of the biting of a mad Dog IF a Horse be bitten with a mad dog the venom of his teeth will not onely paine him extreamely but also infect all his blood and make him to dye mad The cure according to the old writers is thus Take of Goats dung of flesh that hath laide long in salt and of the herbe Ebulus called of some Danewort of each halfe a pound and xl walnuts Stamp all these things together and lay thereof vnto the sore and this will sucke out the venom and heale the wound It is good also to giue the Horse Treacle and Wine to drinke yea and some would haue the sore place to be fiered with a hot iron Of hurts by tuskes of a Boare IF a horse be hurt with the tuske of a Boare lay Vitriol and Coporas thereunto and the powder of a dogs head being burned but let the tong be first pulled out and cast away To heale the biting or stinging of Serpents LAurentius Russius saith Take a good quantity of the herb called Sanicula stamp it and distemper it with the milke of a Cowe that is all of one colour and giue him that to drinke and that will heale him Another medicine for the same purpose MAke a plaister of Onions hony and salt stampt and mingled together and lay that to the sore place and giue the horse wine and treacle to drink Absirtus would haue you to giue him white Pepper Rue and Time to drinke with wine Of drinking of horseleaches IF a Horse chance to drinke horseleaches they will continually sucke his bloud and kill him The remedy according to Absirtus is to poure oyle into the Horses mouth which will make them to fall away and kill them Of swallowing downe hens dung IF a horse swallow downe hens dung in his hay it will fret his guts and make him to void filthy matter at the fundament For remedy whereof Absirtus would haue you to giue him drinke made of smallage seede wine and hony and to walke him throughly vpon it that he may empty his belly Of Lice and how to kill them THey be like Geese Lice but somewhat bigger they will breede most about the eares necke and taile and ouer all the body They come of pouerty Blundevile and the horse will bee alwaies rubbing and scratching and will eate his meate and not prosper withall and with rubbing he will breake all his mane and taile The cure according to Martin is thus Annoint the place with sope and quicksiluer well mingled together and to a pound of sope put halfe an ounce of quicksiluer Of Lousinesse THere be Horsses that will be Lousie and it commeth of pouerty cold and il keeping Markham and it is oftnest amongst young horses and most men take little heed vnto it and yet they will dye thereon the cure is to wash them three mornings together in Stau-aker and warme water How to saue horsses from the stinging of flies in Summer ANnoint the Horsses coat with oyle and Bay berries mingled together or tie to the headstall of his collar a sponge dipt in strong vineger or sprinkle the stable with water wherein hearb Grace hath bin laid in steepe or perfume the stable with Iuie or with Calomint or with Gith burned in a pan of coles Of bones being broken out of ioynt FEw or none of our Ferrers do intermeddle with any such griefes but do refer it ouer to the bone setter whose practised hand I must needes confesse to be needful in such businesse Notwithstanding for that it belongeth to the Ferrers art and also for that the old writers do make some mention therof I thought good not to passe it ouer altogither with silence Albeit they speake odlye of fractures in the legs beneath the knee For they make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee taking them to be incurable vnlesse it be a rib or such like If a bone then be broken in the leg it is easie to perceiue by feeling the roughnesse and inequality of the place grieued one part being higher then another the cure whereof according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in this sorte First put the bone againe into his right place That done wrap it about with vnwasht wooll binding it fast to the leg with a small linnen roller soked before in Oyle and vineger mingled together And let that roller be laid on as euen as is possible and vpon that lay againe more wooll dipt in oyle and vineger and then splent it with three splents binding them fast at both ends with a thong and let the horses leg be kept straight and right out the space of forty daies and let not the bonds be loosened aboue 3. times in twenty daies vnlesse it shrinke and so require to be new drest and bound again But faile not euery day once to poure on the sore place through the splentes oyle and vineger mingled together And at the forty daies end if you perceiue that the broken place be sowdered together again with some hard knob or gristle then loosen the bonds so as the horse may go faire and softly vsing from that time forth to annoint the place with some soft greace or ointment Of broken bones I Haue not for mine owne part had any great experience in broken bones of a Horse because it chanceth seldom Markham and when it doth chance what through the horses brutish vnrulinesse and the immoderate maner of the act it is almost held incurable yet for the little experience I haue I haue not found for this purpose any thing so soueraine or absolut good as oyle of Mandrag which applyed conglutinateth and bindeth together any thing especially bones being either shiuered or broken Of bones out of ioynt IF a Horses knee or shoulder be clean out of ioynt and no bone broken Martin saith the readiest way is Blundevile to bind all the foure legs together in such sort as hath bin taught before in the chap. of incording and then to hoise the Horsse somewhat from the ground with his heeles vpward so shal the weight and peise of his body cause the ioynt to shoot in again into the right place for by this means he pleasured not long since a friend and neighbor of his who going with his cart from S. Alboâ—s towards his owne house his Thiller fell and put his shoulder cleane out of ioynt so as he was neither able to rise nor being holpen vp could stand on
conuenient to be broken for the performing of the same take the skinne of a baked or roasted Pomgranate and spread it vpon the aforesaid red pimples as whot as possible may be suffered for some small time and it will cause the vlcers to breake and all the corruption to yssue forth If it grow vnto an Impostume Auicenna take the little berries or pellets which are within the Pomgranate being very well baked and apply them vnto the sore some short time Aeginetta and they will very easily cure the same Mustard-seede being mingled with Vineger annointed vpon the bites of a Shew doth very effectually heale them A Moule being bruised into small pieces and applyed vnto the bites of a Shrew in the forme of a plaister is a very excellent remedy for the curing of them Pitch and trifoly being baked and rubbed verye whotte vppon the bites of a Shrewe is accounted a very medicinable cure but it is requisite that this fomentation be giuen vnto none but such as are of a stronge and powerfull body and are also able to endure paine The liquor of the Herb called Southernwood being giuen in Wine to drinke doth very much profit those which are troubled Dioscorides and pained in their limbs with the bites of Shrewes Wormwood being vsed in the like manner will cure those which are bitten by a Shrew The genitall of a Lambe or Kidde being mingled with foure drams of the Hearbe called Aristologia or Hart-wort and sixe drams of the sweetest Myrth is very good and medicinable for curing of those which are bitten or stung with Shrewes Scorpions and such like vnemous Beastes The leaues of Coleworts being dryed mingled with flower and tempered together vntill they come into the form of a plaister will very much help against the venemous bites of the Shrew The seede of Colewortes and the leaues of the same Hearbe being mingled with Vineger and the Hearbe called Assa foetida beate or pounded together do very well and speedily cure the bites of the Shrewes Ruellius as also of a rauenous Dogge if the same in due time be applyed thereunto The liquor also of the leaues of Coleworts being giuen in any kind of drinke is good and wholsome for the curing of the aforesaid bites or woundes Dioscorides The Nuts of a young Cypres Tree being mixed with a certaine sirrep or potion made of Hony Water and Vineger and afterwardes drunke doth very speedily procure ease and help for those which are bitten by a Shrew The roote of a white or blacke Thistle being beaten or bruised and giuen in drinke doth very effectually help or cure those which are bitten by a Shrew The like vertue hath the Hearbe called Rocket in it and also the seede thereof being giuen in any kinde of drinke Aegenetta The gum or liquor which proceedeth from a kinde of Ferula being giuen in wine to drink doth very much helpe and cure those which are bitten by a Shrew The same vertue also in it hath the roote of the hearbe called Gentian or bitterwort being giuen in wine to drink One or two drams of the yoongest or tendrest leaues of the Laurell tree being beaten small and giuen in wine to drinke doth speedily cure the sores or woundes which are bitten by a Shrew Aeâ—ius the same being also vsed in the said manner and giuen in some certaine potion vnto horses to drinke doth quickly help and heale them But there are some which before all other medicines doe commend this for the best and chiefest that is Auicenna to take the iuice which proceedeth from the leaues of the laurell tree the leaues themselues being moist and new growing and to boyle them in wine and being once cooled to giue it to any which is bitten by a Shrew and this will in very short space altogether helpe them A yoonge Weasell being giuen in wine to drinke is accounted very medicinable for those which are bitten by a Shrew Pliny or stung by a Scorpion or any other venemous creature The hearbe called Baltsamint or Costmary the hearbe called Bartram Aegmetta or wilde Pellito the hearbe called Betonie the hearbe called water-minte or water Cresses the sweete and delicious gum called Storax as also the hearbe called Veruin being each of them seuerally by themselues either giuen in wine to drinke or applyed in the manner of a plaister or annointed vpon the bits or wounds which come by the venemous teeth of a Shrew Auicenna will very effectually cure the paine thereof The biting of a field mouse or Shrew is very troublesome and grieuous to all labouring beastes for instantly after her bitinges there doe little red pimples arise and there is most daunger of death in those beastes which she biteth when she is great with yonog for the aforesaid pimples will then presently breake after which the beast so bitten will instantly die The Shrew doth also kill some laboring beasts with poyson Albertus as chiefly horses mules but especially for the most part mares which are great with yong There are some which do affirme that if horses or any other laboring creature do feede in that pasture or grasse in which a Shrew shall put forth her venome or poyson in Absyrtus they will presently die In what place soeuer a Shrew shall bite in any creature it will be compassed with an exceeding hard swelling the beast also being so bitten doth expresse his griefe or sorrow with much paine straining his body doth likewise swell all ouer his eyes doe in a manner weepe the swelling in his body doth squize out matter Hierocles or filthy putrefaction he voydeth poyson out of his belly and doth vomite all sustenance vp as soone as euer he receaueth it If an Asse being great with yoong be bitten by this beast it is a very great chaunce if she scape death But if the Shrew doe bite any beast when she is great with yong it is knowen by these signes or marks there will certaine red pimples compasse the sore round about and also spread themselues ouer all the body of the bitten beast and will in short space destroy him except there be procured some present remedy The Normans in Fraunce do suppose the Shrew to be a beast so full of venome and poyson that if he shall but passe ouer either an Oxe Vâ—getius or a horse lying downe along vpon the ground it will bring such a dangerous disease vpon them that the beast ouer which she shall passe shall be lame about the loines or shall seeme as if he were immoueable and that he can be cured by no other meanes but by the same Shrew who either of his owne accord or by compulsion must passe ouer the contrary side of the beast and that then he will be cured which thing I doe hold to be very vaine and not to be beleeued For the curing of beastes which are bitten by a Srew thou shalt
boile the seede of Parsly together with Wine and Oyle and thou shalt cut the place which swelleth with a Pen-knife by which the poyson may issue forth and the wound being pointingly pulled or torne may waxe rawe Hippocrates if by these the inflammation doe waxe more feruent and hotte thou shalt eate the sore with iron instruments burning with fier taking away some part of that which is whole and sound then shalt thou renew the wound with the iron instruments being gouerned rightly by which the corruption may issue forth but if that part doe chaunce to swell by the exulceration thou shalt sprinckle Barley beeing burned and dryed therein but before you doe this it is meete to ioyne the olde fatte There is also another excellent medicine for the curing of the Shrew which Startonicus himselfe doth much commend which is this to lance or scarifie the wound assoone as it is bitten but especially if it be compassed with an inflamation afterwardes to sprinkle salt and Vineger vp on it then to encourage or prouoke the beastes the next day following by some sweet water or liquor to run or go some little iourny first hauing anointed the sore with fullers-earth being beaten small and mixed with vineger and then daily to nourish or bath it with water which commeth from bathes where some haue washed themselues Hierocles and this in very short time being so vsed will very wel and altogether cure the beast Against the biting of a Shrew Garlike is accounted for an excellent remedy being mingled with Nitre but if there shal be no Nitre to be had mixe it with salt and Cummin then to dry and beat them altogether into powder with the same to rub the places which are infected with the biting but if the venemous wounds do chance to break then to take barly being scorched or burned and pound it into small powder and steepe it in vineger and afterwardes to sprinkle it into the wound this medicine Pelagon affirmeth will onely heale the bites of a Shrew and that the griefe of the sore by the vse of any other medicines doth rather encrease then decrease The flower which is made of red Weat the Hearbe called Dill Vegetius the liquor or Rozen which runneth out of the great Cedar and two pound of the best Wine being mingled altogether giuen in a potion and poured downe the throate of any laboring beast which is bitten by a Shrew will presently ease and cure him of his paine There is also another potion for the curing of the bites of this beast which is this to take cloues of Garlike being bruised small salt Cummin and Wine of each the like quantity these being giuen to any beast to drinke doth presently cure him as also any man being annointed vpon the wound but not giuen to drink Hippocrates The hearbe called Narde or Pepper-wort being beaten to the quantity of two ounces and a halfe and mingled with some sweete smelling Wine will presently help any beast which is bitten by the Shrewe being poured through his Nose and his sore being at that instant time annointed with Dogs dung the same is also very medicinable or wholesome for men which are troubled with the said biting The bites of a Shrew being pricked with an Aule and annointed with dust which is found in the furrowes of Cartes vnder the markes or signes of the Wheele being mingled with sharpe vineger doth presently asswage the paine and heale the sore The earth-of the tract of a Cart also mingled with stale or vrine being applyed vnto the bites of a Shrew will very speedily cure them either vpon men or beastes A Shrew being new killed and rubbed ouer with salt applyed vnto the wounds which she shal bite in any beasts will instantly cure them this vertue also hath the gall of a rere-mouse or Bat being mixed with vineger Pliny There is a very good remedy against the bitinges of Shrewes or to preserue Cattle from them which is this to compasse the hole wherein she lyeth round about and get hir out a liue and keepe her so till she dye and waxe stiffe then hang her about the necke of the beast which you would preserue and there wil not any Shrew come neare them and this is accounted to bee most certaine And thus much shall suffice concerning the bitings of the Shrewes and of the cures thereof OF WILDE FIELD-MICE The Epithits of wild mice describing their kinds THis wilde Mouse called by the Latines Mus agrestis Mus Syluestris Syluaticus Subteraneus and some say 〈◊〉 althogh I rather take that word to signifie a glare worm It is called also Exignus Mus and Rusticus The Graecians cal it Myss Arourayos the Germans field-mouse and erdmouse that is a mouse of the earth Nualmuss and Nuâ—lmuss Schorrmuss Schoermowss Stossmuss and Lâ—ckmuss by reason of her digging in the earth like a mole The French call it Mullott There is of these mice two kinds a greater and a lesser The picture of the greater we haue described heare forbearing the lesser because in all partes it resembleth this except in the quantity Their seueral parts This greater kind is not much lesser then a Rat hauing a long broad taile like it The eares of it are round The head round and great and the snout or chaps do not stand out long They are of two colours in both kinds some red and some blacke They haue a beard betwixt their mouth and their eies and the lesser mice haue a short taile A Physitian taking occasion of the writinges of Bassianus Landus to disect one of these mice found it to be true which he saith that their maw and guts lye al straight and vpright We haue shewed already Whether Mice engendred of the earth can procreate other Aelianus Pliny that all kind of mice are generated out of the earth although also they suffer copulation And in Egypt it is very common about the Thebaijs and the places where Nylus ouer floweth that in the decrease and falling away of the Waters the sunne engendereth many mice vppon the slime of the earth so that it is ordinary to see one time their forepartes to haue life flesh and motion and the hinder partes deformed and nothing but earth And about this matter there is some disputation among the Authors for there bee Phylosophers which affirme that euery creature as well perfect as vnperfect may bee made both by seede and of putrified matter and from hence came the opinion in the Poets of the sons and daughters of the earth and so they say that things grow by generation in infinitum Some say that perfect creatures cannot be generated in that manner but the imperfect ones such as mice are may bee ingendered by seed and putrifyed matter and afterwards beget more of his owne kind But Aristotle confesseth the first generation and denyeth the second and saith although they do generate by copulation yet it is not
of a Mule are these packe-bearer durty Spanish rough The epithits conditions of Mules and by-formed There is an Adage or prouerbe called Mulus Marianus and by it is signified a man which is apt both for to obey and to rule it was taken from Marius the great Romaine Souldiour and commaunder whose fashion was when he had commaunded any of his Souldiors to fetch a burden or do any vilde seruice he himselfe would put his hande vnto it It signifieth properly a bearing backe or colt-staffe as we say in English whereuppon poore men carry their burdens and from thence it was translated into a prouerbe to signifie all that do obey commaunds There be some which giue another reason of this prouerbe for they say that when Scipio did besiege Numantia he did not onely determin to looke into the weapons of his Souldiours but also to his horses mules and chariots Then Marius brought forth an horse nourished by himselfe very delicately Besides the the horse a mule of a very comely body farre excelling all other mules both in gentlenesse and in strength Therefore seeing the Emperor was delighted with the beasts of Marius and would now and then make mention of the mule at length it came to a common iest to call a double diligent seruant Mulus Marianus The Italians doe commonly call those men mules which are base borne and not by lawfull marriage Concerning the disposition of mules it is well obserued by Aristotle that mules are alwaies tame Alunnus The inward disposition of Mules and if at any time they be more wilde they abate their vntamable nature by drinking of wine because by the operation of the wine their heeles and hard parts do resolue and grow soft by the same reason that Apes by drinking of wine loose their nails and men accustomed to drunkennesse fal into palsies for there is such a dispersing and discussing nature in wine that it dissolueth all nerues and harde thinges in the bodies of beasts euen as water dissolueth hard fruits and pease Vineger maketh lead as soft as an Egge that it may be drawne thorough a Ring and such is the nature of mules that after they haue drunke wine they feele themselues disarmed and therefore giue ouer to resist because by kicking backewardes they receiue more harme then they giue and thus the guiltines of their owne weakenes maketh them gentle against their willes for otherwise they hate mankind Pliny and are nothing so tractable as horses For Varro saith that they haue so much confidence in their heeles that by them alone they kil wolues when they come among them Vse of Mules in their seueral workes Cardan Mules were wont to be vsed for plowing and for carying both of men and burthens but now in most parts of Europe Iudges and great Princes ride vppon them vntill they be olde and then they sell them to the poore men who turne them into the mountaines where they suffer them to runne wilde til their hoofes be hardned for long trauailes and then they take them vppe againe They haue beene also accustomed to ploughing according to these verses Quantum mularum sulcus praecedit in aruo Tantumis praecurrit For the mules did plough more speedily and come to the landes end more quickly then either the Oxe or Horse And Martiall saith that they were vsed in carts to draw timber according to these verses Vixque datur long as mulorum vincere mandras Quaeque trahi multo marmora fune vides They were also vsed in race at the games of Olympus as we haue already shewed in the story of the horse but that custome dyed quickely because that the Arcadians coulde not endure mules The price of mules was great for Crispine saith Iuvenal gaue sixe thousand peeces of mony for a mule and yet he saith it was not wel worth six pounde the verses of Iuvenal are these Crispinus mulum sex millibus emit aequantem Sane paribus sestertia libris Vt perhibent qui de magnis maiora loguutur The Cappaedocians payed to the Persians euery yeare besides Siluer and Gold fifteen hundred horses two thousand mules and fifty thousand sheepe but the Medians payed twice so much The dwarfish mules called Ginni were also much set by not for vse but onely for delight as dwarfs are kept in Noble mens houses When Pysistratus the sonne of Hippocrates first of al affected Tyrany at Athens and labored to get the gouernment to himselfe as he came out of his countrey being drawne with a chariot by mules he wounded himselfe and his mules very greeuously and so draue them into the market place shewing his wounded body and beasts vnto the Athenians telling them that so he was wounded by his enemies and that hee escaped death verie narrowely but if it pleased them to graunt him a gard of souldiors to defend his body he would take reuenge vpon their and his enemies whereunto they yeelded and hee hauing gotten a bande of souldiors vnder that pretence presently tooke vpon him the gouernment and soueraigntie To conclude this story of mules I do read in Aelianus that Serpents do loue to feed on the flesh of deade mules and two things are very eminent in the nature of mules one of their vnderstanding and the other of their friendship Concerning the first Plutarch relateth this story of a mule that was accustomed to carry salt who vppon a season going through a water fell downe vnderneath his burden so that the salt tooke wet afterwards the beast perceiued how by that meanes his extreame loade melted away and so became lighter lighter afterward the Mule grew to this custome that whensoeuer he came loaded with salt ouer that water he fell downe in it for the easing of his cariage his Master perceauing his craft on a day he loaded him with Woole and spunges and so the beast comming ouer the water fell downe as he was wont to doe with his salt and comming out of the water he felt his load to grow heauier then it was wont to doe in steed of lessening whereat the beast much mused and therefore neuer afterward durst lye downe in the water for feare of the like increase of his load The other obseruation of their loue and friendship ariseth from the Prouerbe Mutuum muli scabunt that is Mules scratch one another and helpe one another in their extremitie from whence commeth our prouerb one good turne asketh an other and the Latine prouerbe Senes mutuum frâ—â—at olde men rub one another which did arise vpon this occasion as Adrian the Emperor so passed a long on a day by a bath he saw an olde souldier in the bath rubbing himselfe vpon a marble stone for want of a man to helpe him whereupon in pittie of his case he gaue him maintenance for himselfe and a man afterwards other old souldiers seeing how well their fellow had sped went likewise into the bath before the Emperors eyes and rubbed themselues vpon the
of a mule being taken to the quantity of eight pounds with two pounds of the scumme or refuge of siluer and a pound of old and most cleare oile al these being beaten or pounded together vntil they come to the thicknesse of the fat or sweat which falleth from mens bodies and boiled vntill they come vnto so liquid and thinne a iuyce Aegiâ—eta that they will speedily and effectually cure and helpe those which are troubled with the gout or swelling in the ioynts If a woman shall take the sweat which proceedeth from a horse and annoint it vpon a wollen cloath and so apply it as a plaister or suppositary vnto her secret parts it will make her altogether barron Raâ—â—â— There is an excellent remedy for those which are pursie or short-winded which commeth also by the mule which is this to take or gather the froath or fome of a mule and to put it into a cup or goblet and giue it in warme water for a certain space or time to be drunke either to the man or woman which is troubled with this enormity Marcelâ—â—s and the party which doth so vse it shall in short space haue remedy but the mule will without any lingring of time or consuming of time in paine and sorrow dye The milt of a male or female Mule being drunke in a potion or iuice made of hony water and vinegar to the value or quantitie of three cruces or cups full Pliny is commended for an excellent cure and medicine for those which are troubled and grieued with that pestiferous and deadly disease called the falling sicknesse otherwise Saint Iohns euill There is an excellent remedie for those which are troubled in the voyding of their water which is this to take the ring-wormes or Tetters which doe grow vppon both the legges of a Mule aboue their knees and which doe sticke thereupon in the manner of a dryed thicke skinne and to burne or parch them Marcellus and afterwards to put or place them vpon him which is troubled with the strangurie or can not voide his water but by dropsmeale so that there be great care had to couer close with clouen or clefted cloathes or garments the suffumigation thereof least that the smell or fume doe fade and voide away and this being so vsed will be very effectuall for the curing and driuing away of the aforsaid disease The haires of a Mule and an Asse being mingled together dryed Trallianus and put into some certaine perfume and so giuen to any one to drinke which is troubled with the falling sicknesse will presently expell and driue it quite away In the place or part of mans body wherein a male or female mule shall bite Ponzettus affirmeth there will presently arise and grow small pushes or little blisters which are alwaies full of red and pale humors and filthie corruption which can almost be healed and cured by no salue potion or medicine by any meanes applyed thereunto There are some also which doe suppose the biting of mules to be poyson for truely there doth not onely follow those aforesaid pushes and biles but also an extreame and almost indurable inflammation and burning through all the parts of the body which doth greatly distemperate and vex the same But it is affirmed by others that the biting of mules is to be cured after the same maner as the biting of a Cat which is thus First to wash and clarifie the wound or bitings where the corruption is with vinegar mingled with oyle of roses and then to take penyroiall or the hearbe called Neppe and boile it and stroke or rub the wound very softly with it and it will in time wholy cure it And thus much shall suffice at this time concerning the cures and medicines of mules Of the Neades Neides or Naides HEraclides Coelius Volateranus and Euphorion do all write that once the Isle of Samos was a desert place and that there were in it certaine beastes called Neades whose voice was so terrible that they shooke the earth therewith and from those strange and great voyces came the vulgar Greeke prouerbe Meizoon mia toon Neaedoon maius vna Neadum That is One of the Neades was a greate wonder for it was vsed in ostentation to shew that there was nothing in the whole World comparable to their vast and huge quantity Of the parts of these beasts there is no memory but only in Suidas and Aelianus who affirme that their bones were to be seene in their daies And this title I thought good to insert into this history leauing the Reader to consider whither he wil take them for Elephants or for any other greater beast for my opinion if it be desired I thinke them rather if there euer were any such that they were Elephants of greater stature then euer since were seene and not any generation of beasts now lost and vtterly perished Of the Ounce the description whereof was taken by Doctor Cay in England THere is in Italy a beast called Alphec which many in Italy France The name of this beast and Germany cal Leunza and some Vnzia from whence Albertus and Isidorus make the Latin word Vnctia and I take it to be the same beast which is called Lozanum and for the description of it I can follow no better author then Doctor Cay The description of Doct. Cay who describeth it in this fashion The Ounce saith he is a most cruel beast of the quantity of a village or mastiffe Dog hauing his face and ears like to a lyons his body taile feet and nails like a Cat of a very terrible aspect his teeth so strong and sharpe that he can euen cut wood in sunder with them he hath also in his nailes so great strength that he onely fighteth with them and vseth them for his greatest defence The colour of the vpper partes of his body being like whitish Oake the lower being of the colour of ashes being euery where mixed with a blacke and frequent spot but the taile more blacke then the rest of his body and as it were obscured with a greater spot then the residue His eares within are pale without any blacknesse without black without any palenesse if you do but take away one dark yellow spot in the midst thereof which is made of a double skin rising meeting in the top of the eare that is to say that which ariseth from the outward part of the iaw on the one side and commeth from the vper part of the head on the other side and the same may be easily seene and seperated in the head being dried The rest of the head is spotted all ouer with a most frequent and black spot as the rest of the body except in that part which is betwixt the nose and the eyes wherein there are none vnlesse onely two and they very small euen as all the rest are lesser then the rest in the extreame and lowest parts the spots
call tonsillae comming by reason of a great flux of humours from the head vnto that place which may be cured two manner of waies first by incision or opening the skin where the bunch lyeth wherby all the watery tumors are euacuated and the beast cured or else if through the coldnes of the weather or some other accident you list not to cut the skin then annoint it with liquid pitch prepared in such manner as is before expressed for the scabes by operation whereof it will be dissolued and dispersed When this euill ariseth in the beginning of the spring many times it is cured without all remedie because the beast for the greedinesse of the sweete grasse stoopeth downe her head and stretcheth her necke by which the straining and sorenesse of her iawes and throat departeth and this sicknesse in a sheepe is like the Kings euill in a man There be some that cure it by putting salt among the meate of these beasts or by Guniper berries and Harts-toong leaues beaten to powder For the cough and paine in the lungs SHepheards for these diseases do take the powder of the root of Foale-foot and mingle it with salt so giue it vnto the sheepe to lick whereby they are perswaded that the lungs of the beast are much comforted and strengthned and furthermore against the cough they take blanched Almonds and beat them to powder and so tempering them in two or 3. cups of wine do infuse it in at the sheeps nostrilles and likewise veruine which is called a kind of Germander but falsely because it hath no good smel is giuen by shephards at this day vnto their sheep against the cough Of sighing and shortnesse of breath FOr sheepe that are affected with much sighing they vse to bore a hole with an yron through their eares and remoue the sheepe out of the place where they feed to some other place and if it come from the sicknes of the lungs then the hearb called Lungwort or Creswort is the most present remedy in the world If the root therof be drunke in water or a piece thereof tyed vnder the sheepes tongue or as Celsus saith giue vnto it as much sharp vineger as the beast can endure or halfe a pint of a mans stale vrine warmed at the fire and infused into the nostril with a little horn this also is a remedy against flegme in the summer time Of the loathing of Sheepe and encreasing of their stomacke IF at any time the sheepe forsake his meate then take his taile and pull off from it all the wooll afterwards binde it as hard as euer you can and so he will fall hard to his meat againe and Pliny affirmeth that the same part of his taile which is beneath the knot wil die after such binding and neuer haue any sence in it againe Of the fluxes of sheepe and loosenesse of the belly FOr this disease the Sheapheardes take no other thing but the Hearbe Tormentia or Set-foyle wherwithall they stop all manner of laxes but if they cannot get the same Hearb then they take salt and giue it vnto them and so hauing encreased their thirst they giue vnto them black wine whereby they are cured Of the melt of Sheepe IN Aprill and May through the aboundance of thicke grosse blood the melt of sheepe is stopped and filled then the sheaphards will take two of their fingers and thrust them within the nostriles of the sheep there rubbing them vntill they make them bleed and so draw from them as much blood as they can Of the sicknesse of the Spleene FOr as much as a Horse a Man and a Sheep are troubled with the same diseases they are also to be cured with the same remedies and therefore Spleen-wort giuen vnto sheep as to a man and a Horse as wee haue already expressed is the best remedy for this Malady Of the Feauers of Sheepe SOmetimes a shaking rage through an incensed and an vnnaturall heat of the blood in the sheepe begetteth in him a Feauer the best remedy whereof is to let him bloud according to these verses Quin etiam iam dolor balantum lapsus ad ossa Cum furit atque artus depascitur arida febris Profuit incensos aestus auertere inter Ima ferire pedes salientem sanguine venam Quam procul aut molli succedere saepius vmbrae Videris aut summas carpentem ignauius herbas Extremamque sequi aut medio procumbere campo Pascentem serae solam decedere nocti Continuò ferro culpam compesce priusquà m Dira per in cautum serpant cantagio vulgus In which verses the Poet defineth the signes of this disease and the cure The signes he saith are solitarinesse and a carelesse feeding or biting off the top of his meat following alwaies the hindmost of the flock and lying down in the middle of the field when others be a feeding also lying alone in the night time and therefore he wisheth to let them bloud vnder the pasterne or ankle bone of their foot but by often experiment it hath bin proued that to let them bloud vnder the eies or vpon the eares is as availeable as in the legs but concerning the Feauer we will say more in the discourse of the Lambes Of the pestilence or rottennesse of Sheepe THis sicknesse first of al commeth vnto Sheepe out of the earth either by some earthquake or else by some other pestilent humor corrupting the vitall spirit for Seneca writeth that after the Citty Pompeij in Champania was ouerthrowne by an earth-quake in the winter time there followed a pestilence which destroyed sixe hundered sheep about that citty in short time after and this he saith did not happen through any naturall feare in them but rather through the corruption of water and aire which lyeth in the vpper face of the earth and which by the trembling of the earth is forced out poysoning first of all the beasts because their heads are downeward and feede vpon the earth and this also will poyson men if it were not suppressed and ouercome by a multitude of good aire which is aboue the earth It were endlesse to describe all the euils that come by this disease how some consume away by crying and mourning filling both fields and hils with their lamentations leauing nothing behinde them no not their skins or bowels for the vse of man For the cure whereof First change the place of their feeding so that if they were infected in the woods or in a cold place driue them to the hils or to sunny warme fields and so on the contrary if in warme places clementaire then driue them to more turbulent and cold pastures remoue and change them often but yet force them gently waying their sicke and feeble estate neither suffering them to dye through lazinesse and idlenesse nor yet to be oppressed through ouermuch labour When you haue brought them to the place where you would haue them there deuide them asunder not permitting aboue
venemousnes of spiders And againe it is very effectuall being new come from them and sodden in wine against the stingings of Serpents Sheeps dunge being mixed with honey and applied to horses whose hoofes are broken is verye efectual The dung of Oxen and Sheepe being burned to powder and intermixed therewith is very effectual against Cankers and also the bones of the Lambes thighes being burned into ashes is very profitable to be applied to those vlcers which cannot hee brought to cicatrise Also Sheepes dung being made hotte in a little gally potte and kneaded with thy hands and afterwards applied doth presently cease the swellings of woundes and doeth purge and cure Fistulaies and also diseases in the eyes The oyle of Cypresse and hony is very effectual against Alopecia that is the fauling off of the haire An emplaister made of sheepes dunge and the fat of a Goose and a Hen is very effectuall against haire rysing in the roote of the eare as Rasis and Albertus say Sheepes dung being applyed hot is very effectuall against the swellings of womens paps or dugs Sheepes dung being put into the decoction of Wood-bine or Hony and water Obscurus and so drunke is very profitable against the Yellow-ganders If the Spleen be outwardly annoynted with Sheepes dung and Vineger it doth lessen the rysing of it Rasis The dung of Oxen and Sheepe which is very moyst doth ease all manner of goutes Pliny The thinne or outmost skinne which is taken from the priuy part of Sheepe is very profitable against the disease called the flowers in Women The dung also hath the same operation The Vrine of Sheepe is very profitable against the Hydropsie being mixed with Honny But Rasis saith otherwise which is Albertus that the dung being drunke with Honny is auaileable against the Dropsie To take the weight of a penny of Oxe dung and Sheepes dung and a graine of Myrrh and two ounces and a halfe of Wine doth stay or resist the comming of the Kings euil Pliny The filth which is taken out of the eares of these beastes is said to bee very effectuall against the flowers It doth make a barren woman to conceiue with child also as Serenus saith in these verses Pendentem spumam molli de ducet ab ore Aut ouis in stabulis fract as cum ruminat herbas Atque illam memini misto potare falerno The sweate of a Horse being made warme and mixed with Vineger Syluaticus is very conuenient against the falling sicknesse and is vsed against venemous bitinges And also the sweate of Sheepe is very much profitable vnto it Collumella If the hoofe or Anckle-bone of an Oxe chance to bee cut with a Plough-snare Pitch and fat with Sulphur is very good but you must roule round about the wound Wooll Vnwashed Wooll doth very much profit those that are frenzy being applyed with a fume that stoppeth humors from comming downe from the head Vnwashed Wooll being bound vpon the forehead is very good for the waterish humor that floweth out of the eies Vnwashed Wooll being heated in Vineger and pressed into the eare and afterwards the top of the eare being stopped with that Wooll will by little and little ease the paines in the eares Vnwashed Wooll dipped in Oyle of Roses and put into the Nostrils doth stay bleeding at the Nose Vnwashed Wooll being plucked from the priuy partes of Sheepe and moystned in Oyle of Roses Marcellus is very good to stop the fluxes of blood in any part of mans body Vnwashed Wooll being tyed on the outside of the knuckles or ioynts doth stop the bloud or humors from running too and fro It is also said to be very good being dipped in Honny and so rubbed vppon the teeth or Gummes for to make one breathe or gaspe easier Vnwashed Wooll being smeard ouer with Hony and rubbed vpon the teeth doth make them looke white presently after Vnwashed Wooll with a little Salt put to it and tyed close in a linnen cloath and so scorched and beaten to powder is very good to keepe the teeth from paine being rubbed vpon them Vnwashed Wooll being mixed with Niter Brimstone Oyle Vineger and with Tar Galen being applyed twice a day doth ease all paines of the knuckles and Anckles Sheepes dung and other thinges with vnwashed Wooll is very effectuall against the stone in the bladder as it is spoken aboue in the cure and remedies of Sheeps dung Vnwasht wooll doth cure all the diseases in the priuy parts of men or women being aplyed thereunto The blacke Wooll of Sheepe is very profitable for all swellings in the stones or Cods of men The gall of Buls put vpon vnwashed Wooll is very profitable for the flowers of women Vnwashed wooll being applyed vnto those parts that are dead doth very much good vnto them White fleeces of Wooll being either applyed alone or with Brimstone is very good for hidden paines and griefes Fleeces of Wooll giuen in a fume with Brimstone is very good for the remedy of the Kings euill Wooll being dyed of a purple colour and so applyed is very good against the paines of the eares There are moreouer very many remedies made against diseases by vnshorne Wooll besides the expelling of cold being taken in Oyle Wine or Vineger for as much as the same being applyed to the members which are out of ioynt or to any paines in the Nerues doth very speedily and tenderly heale the same Pliny Sheepes Wooll being mixed with Hearb-Grace and Sheeps-greace is very much applyed vnto those which are bruised or haue hard swellings in any parts of their body Vnwashed Wooll being often put into the sores which are bitten by madde Dogges doth perfectly cure them in seuen daies Sheepes Wooll in cold Water doth bring remedy vnto those whose skinne is loose about the Nailes The same being steeped in hot Oyle may be well applyed vnto moyst or running sores but mingled with Hony is very medicinable for old sores or festers and steeped in Wine Oyle Vineger or cold water doth heale any new wound which seemeth to bring the wounded party in daunger of death Dioscorides doth also affirme that Sheepes Wooll being vnwashed is curable for all kinds of wounds whatsoeuer The same is very much applyed vnto those whose bones are bruised or broken if it bee mixed with the braines of wanton Dogge Serenus and bound hard vpon the grieued place in a linnen cloth The Carthagenian Sheapheards doe vse the vnwashed Wooll of Lambes of the age of foure yeares for the curing of the Temples or the crowne of the head If the plough share chance to hurt the huckle-bone or hoofe of an Oxe take hard Pitch and Bacon-greace mingled with Brimstone and rowled in vnwashed Wool and marke the wounded place withall these together with a fiery hot yron and it will bring present help and remedy Vnwashed Wooll being taken in some certaine perfume doth cure those which are Frantike
especially in the secrets and seat being mixed with Melitote and butter and it hath the same vertue against running sores The same also with barly meale and rust of iron equally mixed together is profitable against al swelling tumors Carbuncles Tetters Serpigoes and such like it eateth away al proud flesh in the brims of vlcers reducing the same to a naturall habit and equality also filling vp the sore and healing it and the same vertue is by Dioscorides attributed to wooll burnt also in bruses vpon the head when the skinne is not broken a poutesse made hereof is said by Galen to haue excellent force and vertue The same mingled with roses and the oare of brasse cald Nil cureth the holy fire and being receiued with Myrrh steeped in two cups of wine it encreaseth or procureth sleepe and also is very profitable against the falling sicknes And being mixed with Corsuke Hony it taketh away the spots in the face because it is most sharp and subtile wherunto some adde butter but if they be whealed and filled with matter then prick and open them with a needle and rub them ouer with a dogs gall or a calfes gall mingled with the said Oesypus Marcellus also being instilled into the head with oyle it cureth the megrim and furthermore it is vsed against all sorenesse of the eies and scabs in their corners or vpon the eye-lids being sod in a new shell and the same vertue is attributed to the smoke or soote thereof if the eye-browes or eye-lids be annointed herewith mixed with Myrrhe and warmed it is thought that it will restore the haire that is wanting and fallen off but Marcellus prescribeth it in this manner you must take Oesypus or sweat of sheep from vnder the wooll of their shoulders and adding vnto it a like quantity of Myrrhe beate them together in a morter and with a warme cloth annoint the bare places If there be any bruse in the eies then you must annoynt them first with Goose-grease and the blood of a Mallard and afterward with the sweate of a sheep and the same cureth al vlcers in the mouth eares and genitals with Goose-greace This is also mixed with a seare-cloth and laid against the Pthists as Aetius writeth with a moyst cloth against the the pleurusie also a plaister hereof made with Goose greace butter Allum and the brain of a Goose is very profitable against the paines in the raines and all other infirmities of the backe and for the same cause it is applyed to women for it prouoketh their mouthly courses and also causeth an easie deliuerance in child-birth it healeth the vlcers in the secret and priuy parts of men and women and al inflammation in the seate especially being mixed with butter Goose-greace and Melitote and some adde thereunto the oare of brasse and Roses If there be a Carbuncle in the priuy parts Plinius take this Oesypus with Honny and the froath of lead also white lead womens milke and this sheepes sewet cureth the gout at the least maruailously asswageth the pain therof some physitians for this euill take greace goose-greace and the fat of Buls adde to Oesypus also vnwashed wooll with the gall of a Bull laid to a womans secrets helpeth her monthly purgation and Olimpias added therunto Nitre The dung which cleaueth to sheeps tailes made into small bals and so dryed afterward beat into powder rubbed vpon the teeth although they be loose falling out or ouergrown with flesh yet Pliny saith they wil be recouered by that fricassing If he which is sick of a dropsie drink this sweat or Oesypus in wine with Mirrh of the quantity of a hasel nut goose greace Mirtle oile it wil giue him great ease and the same vertue is ascribed to the sweat of an Ewes vdder vvhich is and hath bin said of al the former Oesipus The medicines of the Ram. Euen as the skins of other sheep newly plucked from their backs and applyed warm do take away the ach swelling and paines of stripes and blowes from bodies so also haue the skins of rams the same property Arnoldus commendeth a plaister made of a rams skin for burstning and falling downe of the guts and this is found ready prepared in many Apothecaries shops and the happy successe therof is much commended by Alysius If a man take the stones of a fighting cocke and anoint them with Goose grease and so weare them in a peece of a rams skin it is certaine that it will cohibite and restraine the rage of venerial lust and a woman wearing about her the right stone of dunghill cocke in a rams skin shall not suffer abortement The washed fleece of a ram wet in cold oile putryfieth the inflammation of the secrets and likewise the blacke wooll of a ram wet in water and then in oyle and so put to the sicke places keepeth the fundament from falling and also asswageth the paine Also the wooll of a fighting ram taken from betwixt his hornes and perfumed into a smoke easeth the pain and some take the powder thereof in vineger for that Malady The say that Lais and Salpe cure the bitings of mad dogs and also Tertian quartan Agues with the menstruous purgation take in a peece of rams wooll and included in a bracelet of siluer Also they write that a woman shall haue an easie treuaile if shee weare in the wool of a ram seede of wild Cucumber about her loines not knowing therof so as it be presētly after the deliuery cast out of doores Also Marcellus saith that if one take the wool from a rams forehead and burne in the couer of a new pot and afterward beat it to powder in a morter and so put into vineger and therewithal the forehead being anointed it easeth the head-ach Also the dust of rams wooll mixed with water cureth the paine in the yard The matter of the liuer sod hath the same operation Sextus writeth that if the wooll be taken from the head ribs and cods and also worne by him that hath a tertian ague it perfectly cureth him and if a mans fingers ends and toes be tyed with the vnwashed wooll of a ram it will stanch the bleeding at any part especially the Nose Also if you burne the greasie wooll of a very fat ram and in water wash the same it will help all euils in the yard of a man if it be rubbed therewithall The broath of the rumpe of a ram is commended against blisters The flesh of a ram being burnt and annointed vpon the body of any leprous person Auicenna or any whose body is troubled with ring-wormes or itches is very effectuall to cure them The same force hath it against the bites of Scorpions and stingings of Serpentes and Algerarat it also being taken in wine good for the bitinges of mad dogs and healeth the white skins in the eies The fat of a sheep or Weather hath the same in it as Porke-greace and cureth
an equall quantity of Hogs-Greace Goats sewet sod both together it will be cured by laying it vnto it And thus much for the remedies of Swines greace towards beastes The huskes of Beanes being beaten small to powder and mixed with swines greace is very profitable against the paine of the hippes and the Nerues Some Physitians take the greace of Swine the fat of Geese the sewet of Bulles and the Oesypus or sweat of sheepe and annoint therewithall gouty Legges but if the paine remoue not then doe they adde vnto it Waxe Mirtle Gum and Pitch and some vse it mixed with old Oyle with the stone Sarcephagys sinck-foyle beaten in wine with lime or ashes This swines greace beaten in water with cumin is prescribed by Simeon Sethi against the gout It remedieth the falling of the haire and the paine in the heads of women mingled with one forth part of gals and the like vertue it hath with wilde Roses Lingulaca and Hippocampinus with Nitre and vineger When the corners of ones eies are troubled with wormes by annoynting them with the fat of a Sow with pig beating them together both within and without you shall draw all the Wormes out of his eyes When one hath paine in his eares whereby matter yssueth forth let him beate the oldest Lard he can in a Morter and rake the iuyce thereof in fine wooll then let him put that wooll into his eare making it to worke through warme water and then infuse a little more of the iuyce of that Lard and so shall he worke a great cure in short time And generally the fatte of Geese Hennes Swine and Foxes are prepared for all the paynes in the eares If there arise any bunch in the Necke or throate seeth Lard and Wine together and so by gargarising that Lyquor it shall bee dispersed according to the verses of Serenus Inrigore ceruicis geminus mulcebitur vnguine poples Hinc longam paritur neruos medicina sequetur And it is no maruaile that the vertue of this should go from the knees to the Nerues seeing that Pliny affirmeth that from the anointing of the knees the sauour goeth into the stomack ther is so great affinity or operation of Rue vpon the stones that in ancient time they were wont to cure burstnesse by annoynting the cods with wilde Rue and Swynes Greace Also this Greace with rust of Iron is good against all the imperfectious in the seate Butter Goose-greace and Hogges-greace are indifferently vsed for this infirmity Also this is vsed to keepe Women from abortementes that are subiect thereunto being applyed like an eye-salue In the diseases of the matrix especially Vlcers they first of all dip Spuuges or Wooll in warme Water and so clense the places infected and afterwards cure it with Rozen and Swynes Grease mingled together and often vsing it in the day and night by way of an oyntmnet but if the exulceration be vehement after the washing they put Honny vnto the former confection and some make a pâ—â—fume with Goats Horne Galles Swynes Greace and Gumme of Cedars And. Fernerius saith that Lard cut small and beate in a Morter of stone like paast in a Limbecke of Glasse rendereth a white Water which maketh the haire yellow and also the face comely If a man be poysoned with Hemlocke hee cannot auoyde it better then by drinking salt Wine and fresh Greace A decoction heereof is good against the poyson of Beuprestis and against Quickesiluer The sewet of a Sowe fed with greene Hearbes is profitable to them that are sicke of a consumption of the lunges according to this verse of Serenus Porderit veteris saeui pila sumpta suilli This may also be giuen them in Wine either raw or decocted or else in pilles to be swallowed downe whole if it be not salted and the fift day after they prescribe them to drinke out of an Egge-shell Liquid Pitch binding their sides breasts and shoulder bones very hard It is also vsed for an old Cough after it is decocted the waight of a groat being put into three cuppes of Wine with some Hony It is giuen also to them that haue the flixe especially olde Lard Honny Wine being beaten together till they bee all as thicke as Hony whereof the quantity of a Hasell-Nut is to be drunke out of Water Also morsels of Swynes-Grease Butter and Hony being put downe into a Horsse throate cureth him of an old Cough and finally a peece of this Greace being old moystened in olde Wine is profitable to a Horse that hath beene ouerheated in his iourney When Calues bee troubled with belly Wormes take one part of Swynes-Greace and mingle it with three partes of Isope afterwardes thrust it downe into the throates of the Calues and it shall expell the wormes When the tongue and Chappes waxe blacke by a peculiar sicknesse of the mouth which the Physitians call Morbus epidemius it is most wholesome to rub the tongue with the inner side of the rines of Bacon and so draw out an extreame heate and it is said if a man be deepely infected whose tongue is thus rubbed the said Bacon rine being eaten by any Dog will procure his death The fat of Wolues and the marrow of Swyne is good to anoint bleare-eyes withall By swallowing downe the marrow of Svvine the appetite to carnall copulation is encreased The ashes or powder of Hogs bristles vvhich are taken out of plaisterers pensils wherwithall they rub Walles and mixed with Swynes Grease doth ease the paine of burnings and also stayeth the bleeding of vvoundes and the falling dovvne of the seate being first of all vvashed in Wine and dryed Pitch mingled therevvithall The powder of the cheek-bones of Svvyne is a most present remedy for broken bones and also for vlcers in the legges and shinnes The fat of a Boare is commended against Serpentes and so also is the liuer of a Bore pigge when the Fibres are taken from it if the weight of two pence be drunke in wine The braine of a Sow tosted at the fire and laide to a Carbuncle either disperseth or emptieth it Likewise the blood and braines of a Bore or a sow or Bore-pig being mixed with honey doeth cure the Carbuncles in the yard and the braines alone openeth the gums of children to let out their teeth as Serenus writeth Aucteneris cerebris gingivis illine porci There are naturally in the head of a Hogge two little bones that haue holes in them one in the right part and another in the left Now if it happen that a man find these bones by chaunce either one or both of them let him lay them vp safe and whensoeuer he is trobled with the Head-ach let him vse them hanging them about his necke by a silken thrid that is to say if his head ake on the right side let him hange the right bone and if on the left the left bone These things I report vpon the credit of Marcellus Galen also writeth that if the
be white and brused and taken in drink doeth cure the swellings of the necke and paines of long continuance The Ancle bone of a Sow burned and brused and giuen to drinke onely in Water is a remedy against the collicke and stone The anckle bone of a sow doth driue away those swellinges which arise in the stomacke and doth ease the paines of the head The ashes of the ancle bone of a sow or Bore doeth cure Cornes cleftse or other rifts in the skin and the hardnesse of the skin that is in the bottome of the feet It is also shewed that if the bone shall be hung about the necke of those that are trobled with quarterne agues that then they shall be farre better but of what bone he speaketh it is vncertaine but as he remembreth it is the next bone before the fat of the anckle bone The bones that are taken from the hoofes of sowes burned and beaten to pouder are very good to rub and clense the teeth Also the bones next to the ribbes of Bacon being burned are very good to fasten the teeth The bones that are taken from the hooues of hogs and burned to pouder are vsed to clense the teeth and it is very good also to fasten the teeth The ashes which are made of a Harts horne or of the hoofe of a hog are verie good to clense or rub the teeth The bones which are taken from the hoof of a hog burnd and beaten to pouder and sifted and a little spicknard added thereto doth make the teeth very white by often rubbing them therewith The ashes of the hoofs of a Bore or sow put in drinke doth stay the incontinency of vrine and also the bloody flixe Take as much Mercurial sodden as ones hand can hold sod in two pintes of water vnto one pinte and drinke the same with hony and salt and the pouder of a Hogges hoofe and it shall lâ—ose the belly The milke of a Sow drunke with sweet wine helpeth women in trauell and the same being drunke alone restoreth milke in Womens breasts It is also good against the blody flix and Tissick The stones of swine beaten to powder and drunke in swines milke are good against the fauling sicknesse The wise men were wont to prescribe the left foote or legge of a Camaelion to be bound vnto the feet against the gowt There are also many vses of the dung of swine and first of al it being mixed with Vineger is good against the bittinges of venemous beastes and Aetius maketh an emplaister thereof against the biting of a Crocodile It is to be applyed single against the stinging of Scorpions and also the biting of any other reptile creature If a Serpent bite an Oxe or a Horse or any other Foure-footed-Beast take the stalke of Nigella and beat into a pinte of olde wine so as all the iuice may goe out thereof then infuse it into the Nostril of the beast and lay swines dunge to the sore so also it may bee applied vnto men whereunto some do ad Hony Atticke and the vrine of a man and so it is to be applyed warme it being also warmed in a shell and dried to pouder mixed with oyle and layed to the bodie easeth outward paines It is likewise profitable against burnings itch scabs and blisters and trembling of the body according to these verses of Serenus Stercoris ex porco cinerem confundit olimphis Sic pauidum corpus dextra pascente foueto This is also commended against hard bunches in the body hardnes of the skinne cliftes and chinkes in the flesh freckles lice and nits and also the breaking of the sinnewes Si cui forti lapis teneros violanerit artus Non pudeat luteae stercus perducere possae It is also good to stay bleedinges at the nose if it be layed to the Nosthrils warme and to staie the bleedings of beasts if it be giuen them in wine the same being mixed and couered with hony is annointed vpon horses for the Quinsey or swellings of the throat If the breastes of a woman do swel after her deliuery of childe it is good to annoint them with water and the dung of Hogges also the powder thereof mixed with oile is profitable for the secrets of men and women If a man haue receiued any hurt by bruses so as his blood staieth in his body or suffer convulsion of the Nerues through Crampes those euils are cured by the dung of a Bore gathered in the spring time dried and sod in Viniger and some of the later Physitians prescribe it to de drunke in water and they say that Nero the Emperor was woont to vse that medicine when he would try the strength of his body in a running Chariot also the powder of the same being drunk in Vineger is profitable for the rupture and inwarde bruses and warmed in Wine against al manner of flixes and Tizickes For the paines of the loines and al other thinges which need mollyfieng rub them first of all with Deeres greace and then sprinkle them with old Wine mixed with the pouder of Swines dung The vrine of a Swine is also good against al bunches and apostemation being layed to in wool The vrine of a Bore pig dryed in the smoke and drunke with sweet Wine the quantity of a beane is profitable against the fauling euil Against the whitenes of the eyes and the stone in the reynes and bladder And thus much for the story of swine in generall OF THE WILDE BORE THis beast is tearmed by no other name then the common swine among the Haebrewes namely Chasir as you may see in Psal 80. wher the prophet speaketh of Chasir de sylva That is the Bore out of the wood The Graecians call him Capros and Syagros and Clunis although some take Clunis for a Bore of an exceeding great stature Aristophone saith that there are some of this kind which are cald Monij which worde by S. Cyril vppon the prophet Osey is interpreted a wilde Asse but I rather incline to their opinion which saie that Chlunis Monyos and Chauliodon are poeticall words for cruell Bores Aristotle is of opinion these bores being gelt when they are young growe greater and more fierce whereunto Homer also yeeldeth as he is thus translated Nutrijt exetum sylvis horrentibus aprum Instar non bruti sed dorsi montis opaci But this is to be vnderstoode of such Bores as by accident geld themselues by rubbing vpon any tree The French call this Beast Sanglier and Porc Sanglier the Italians Cinghiale and Cinghiare and Porco The Spaniards Puerco Syluestre and Puerco montes and I'auali the Germans Wild Schuuein The Illyrians Worpes and the Latines Aper for Porcus signifieth the tame swine and Aper the wilde The reason of this Latine name Aper is deriued from Asper because he liueth among the sharp thorns and woods but I rather think that Aper is deriued from Capros the Greeke word or else Aper à feritate from his
being mingled together and dropped in the eares is very profitable for all paines therein The body of a man being annointed with the gall of a bore doth stirre him vp to carnal copulation The gall of a bore being mingled with suet and applyed vpon euery ioynt of the body doeth immediately cure all paines of the gout We haue declared also many things in the medicines of the Sow concerning the remedies of the gall of a bore The stones of a boare being eaten is very good against the fauling sicknesse or the stones of a bore being taken in Mares milke or water is also very effectual against the same disease The hoofes of a bore being burned to ashes and sprinkled vppon drinke and so taken doeth very much helpe those that cannot easily make water The hooues of a bore being burned and beaten to powder and giuen in drinke is very effectuall against the stopping of vrine The hooues of a bore or sow being burned and giuen to drinke in wine is very much commended for those that cannot holde their vrine in their sleepe The dung of a sow which liueth in the woods belng dryed and drunke in water and wine doth stay the voiding of blood and doth ease also old paines of the sides And againe being taken in Vineger it doth stay al ruptures and convulsion and also being mingled with the sirrup of roses it doth remedy or helpe those places which are out of ioynt The dung of a Bore being new made and hot is a speciall remedy against the flux of blood which yssueth forth of the Nostrils The dung of a Bore being mingled in Wine and applyed after the forme of an emplaister do presently draw away and make sound any thinge which cleaueth to the Body It being also brused and sodden with hony and afterwards kneaded like Dow and so applyed to the ioynts doth ease all paines that arise therein An emplaister made of the dung of a Bore is very profitable against all venemous bitings for it draweth forth the poison All other vlcers are filled vppe and clensed with the dung of a Bore except those which arise in the thighes The dung of a bore dried and beaten to pouder and sprinkled vpon drinke doth cure all paines of the sides Againe it beeing dryed and beaten to pouder and administered in wine doth not onely cure the paine in the Spleene but also the paine in the kidnies The dung of a bore being burned to the ashes Pliny Marcellus and giuen to drinke in wine doth ease all paines in the knees and legges The dung of a bore new made and annointed vpon those places that are out of ioynt is verie profiable for them The dung of a field-bore mixed with brimstone and taken in Wine and strained Pitch is very commendable for paines in the Hips The dunge of a bore being mingled with wine and afterwardes strained and giuen to drinke about the measure of two little cuppefuls at a time doth speedily helpe those which are trovbled with the Scyatica It also being sodden in Vineger and Honey doeth mittigate all paines that rise in the feet or anckles The dung of a Bore burned to ashes and sprinckled vpon wine luke-warm and so giuen to drinke doth helpe all those that are troubled with the bloody flixe The rest of the remedies which concerne the dung of a Bore thou shalt finde in the medicines of the sow The vrine of a Bore mingled with hony and Water and so taken in a speciall remedy for those that are troubled with the fauling sicknesse Againe the vrine of a Bore being taken in sweet Vineger doth driue out those things which are dried in the bladder The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse doeth cure all diseases and paines in the eares but it is especially profitable for those which cannot hear The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse Sextus and made luke-warme and dropped into the eares is a speciall remedy for all Apostumes that are therein The vrine of a Bore which is kept long is farre more profitable if so be that it bee kept in a vessell of glasse Againe the vrine of a Bore being dryed in smoake and moistened with hony and so poured into the eares doth cure the deafenesse of the eares The vrine of a Bore and oile of Cypresse each of them being equally mingled and made Luke warme is also good for the same disease The vrine of a wilde Bore also is of the same force and vertue The bladder of a wilde Bore doth stay the incontinency of the vrine if it be eaten rosted or boiled The blather of a Goate being burned to powder and giuen to drinke in water and wine is very good and profitable for those which cannot make water easily The vrine of a Bore being drunken doth helpe those that are troubled with the stone in the bladder but it is more effectual if it be first of all mingled with the dung The bladder of a Bore moistned with the vrine Sextus and hung vp vntill the waterish humor commeth foorth and then boiled and giuen to those which are Truculent with the Stranguri is verie profitable and good for them Marcellus The bladder of a boare being dried and giuen in drinke is very profitable for those which are troubled with paines in the bladder and wringinges of the guts The vrine of a tame Bore hung vp in the smoke in the bladder of a sow and mixed with drinke is verye profitable for those that are troubled with the Strangury The vrine of a Bore or at least wise the bladder being giuen in drinke hath cured those which haue bin troubled with the Hidropsey as some do say The vrine of a Bore being taken in drinke is very good for those that are troubled with he stone Now forasmuch also as hunters are hurt by some I thought it good to set down what remedies is fit for them Therefore the woundes made of them are daungerous because they are not onely deepe but also large and great and it is also impossible to bring them to agluttination with medicines for the lips of the wounds which is made by contusion are cut off and burned They vse a mutuall gnashing and striking of their teeth together as it were against a whetstone to take reueng vpon those which pursue and followe them Therefore they cause a certaine scab to grow vpon the lips of the wound wherefore it is meet to vse a suppuratiue and not a gluttinatiue maner of cure in them It is meet to vse in running and moist vlcers not hot things but cold both in Winter and Summer For it is an easie matter for a Boare to hurt a Horsse in the inside of his knee in the time of his hunting which doth breed to a waterish vlcer and there doth also follow a swelling To this cold things is to be applyed and it is to be cured by anointing it with a medicin which is called Diachalcanthes or
the iaws which is this to take a weasel vpon a Thursday in the old moone and put him aliue in an vnburned pot that in the boiling he may be torne and dried into pouder which pouder being gathred togither and wel tempred with hony to giue it to the diseased person euery day in a spoone fasting to the quantity of three drams and it wil in short space wonderfully ease him A Weasell being brent and the powder thereof wrapped in some seare-cloath which is annointed ouer with the oile of Flower-de luces doth helpe and heale al sores or impostumes proceeding from the head to the eares being applyed thereunto A Weasell being beaten to powder mingled with wax and in the manner of a seare-cloath applied vnto the shoulders doth expell al paines aches or greefes therein whatsoeuer it doth also purge or clense sores very effectually 〈◊〉 according to these verses of Serenus following Obscaenos si pone locos noua vnlner a carpant Horrentum mansa curantur fronde ruborum Et si iam veteri succedit fistula morbo Mustelae cinere immisso purgabitur vlcus Sanguine cum recini quem bos gestauerit anti A Weasell being burned in an earthen pot is verie medicinable for the curing of the gout The pouder thereof being mingled with Vineger and in that manner thereunto aplied Dioscorides The dust of a liuing Weasell brent mingled with wax and rose-rose-water and annointed with a Feather vpon gouty legs cureth the same disease The braine of a Weasel being kept very long and thorougly dried afterwards mingled with vineger and so drunke doth very effectually cure the falling sicknes Rasis The braines of a Cammell mingled with the braines of a weasel being both well dryed and drunke in Vineger speedily helpeth those which are troubled with the disease called the Foule-euill If a horse shal fal into a sudden disease being for the most part tearmed daungerous which our Countrey-men cal Raech concerning which I haue spoken in the Horse he is cured by some Horse-coursers by a small quantity of a Weasels skinne being about the bignesse of a foresaide golden crowne which is giuen to him inwardly whether in a potion by some horne or cut small and mingled with chaffe I knowe not Some doe giue to the horses troubled with the aforesaide disease the taile of a white weasell being halfe blacke and halfe white cut exceeding smal in their chaffe or prouender If a serpent or any other venomous creature shal stinge or bite an Oxe let the wounded place be stroked or smoothed with the skin of a weasel it shal in short time be perfectly cured The same they do in a maner commannd to be done to horses which are so stunge or bitten rubbing the wound which the Weasels skin vntill it wax hot ministring in the meane time some certaine Antidote within the horses body There are some also which are of opinion that the skin being in the saide manner applyed is of no efficacy but that the whole beast being cut aplyed while it is hot wil rather profit which both in a shrew as also in many other creatures is manifest The bloode of a Weasel being annointed vppon any impostume arising behinde the eare Aâ—â—higines doth instantly cause the swelling to cease or being broken doth speedily heale the sore The same also being anointed vpon any impostumes in the head either whole or broken doth very effectually cure them The blood of a weasell being anointed vpon wenâ— or bunches of flesh in any part of the body doth instantly expel them The same doth also helpe those which are troubled vvith the falling sicknesse which disease is also cured by the whole body of a Weasel either brent or imbowelled with salte The heade and feete of a Weasel being castaway and the body taken in any kind of drink doth perfectly heal those which are troubled with that pestiferous disease called S. Iohns euil The bloode of the same beast is an excellent remedy for the expelling of the Fowle-euil The blood of a weasel being annointed vpon broken or exulcerated bunches in the flesh doth not only mittigate the paine but also heale the wounds The blood of a weasel being anointed vppon the iawes doth heale all paines or sores therein whatsoeuer The pouder and blood of a weasel being both mingled together and anointed vpon the body of any leprous man doth in short time driue away al scabs or scurffes thereon The blood of a weasel being anointed with a plantaine vpon the legs or feet of any one that is troubled with the gout doth very speedily mittigate or asswage the paine thereof 〈◊〉 The same being annointed vppon the nerues or sinnewes which are shrunke togither doth easily mollifie them againe and loosen the greeuous paine eyther in the ioynts or articles The liuer of a weasel mingled with his own braines being both well dryed and taken in any kind of drinke doth very much profit those which are troubled with the disease called S. Iohns euill The liuer of a weasell being throughly dryed and afterwardes taken in water to drinke doth heale the disease called the foule euill taking hold of sence mind together but there must great care be had that this medicine be ministred vnto the sicke party euen when the disease is comming on him The gal of a hare being mingled with the liuer of a weasel to the quantity of three drams one dram of oyle of Beauers stones foure drams of Myrrhe Galen with one dram of vineger and drunk in hony or bastard wine doth heale those which are troubled with a dizzinesse or certaine swimming in the head The liuer of a weasell is reported to be very good and medicinable for the curing of the lethargy or dropsie euill Sextus The liuer of a weasel being bound to the left foot of a woman doth altogether hinder her from conception The gall of a weasell is a very excellent and effectuall remedy against the venom or poyson of aspes being taken in any kind of drink The yard of a weasell Hart or Doe being dryed beaten to powder and taken in wine or any other drink is an excellent medicine for the curing of the bites or stings of serpents The yard of a weasell or Ferret is commended for a very excellent remedy against the strangury or disease called the collike and stone The stones of a male weasell or the secret parts of a female weasel Pliny is reported by some to be very medicinable for the curing of the falling sicknesse The stones of a weasell being bound vnto any part of e woman while she is in trauaile of child birth doth altogether hinder her from her deliuery By the left stone of a Weasell being bound in a piece of a mules hid there is a certaine medicine made which being drunke by any Woman not being with child causeth barrennesse as also by Women being with child hard and grieuous paine in deliuery The efficacy or force