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water_n	dram_n	ounce_n	sugar_n	9,815	5	11.0084	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

mutentur fiquidem fieri potest sin mīnus indusium tantum cum linteaminibus Atque sic aliqui una nocte sola sani evaserunt Mediolanensem quendam vidi ipse Aleppae correptum peste ●na cum bubone in inguinibus sub axilla altero qui cum hoc pulvere bis in die mane scilicet vesperi uteretur sequenti die bubonibus ruptis convaluisse The old MSS. Receipts to which I refer there is a mistake in the year of that Plague in the Print it being 1525. not 1540. Give as much as will lie on a six-pen●e or more in half a glass of white wine and direct to cover the party well and make him sweat and they add That some have taken of the said powder over night and found themselves in the morning so well that they have rose up cloathed themselves and walked about the house and finally been throughly cured Probat Ann. Domini 1625. The Treasure for English men or Receipts published in Th. Vicary pag. 245. Give a dram of the said powder tempered with two ounces of planten-Planten-water or white wine and direct the Patient to sweat upon it as much and as often as he can and in using this for three or four days together he will die or mend without all doubt by Gods help This hath been often and truly proved The Author of A thousand Notable things gives only half a dram with two or three ounces of planten-Planten-water and directs them to sweat as Alexius doth Thus they whereas Mr. R. B. says only that in the Irish Plague the Arcanum which cured such numbers and which he purchased by the exchange of another Secret was only a good dose of the powder of fully-ripe Ivy-berryes which did usually work plentifully by sweat Here is neither an account of the Type or quality of that Plague yet there is a great difference betwixt one and another howbeit they go under one name not are they cured by one method No relation of the dose of the powder whether half a dram one two or three drams yet in the plague such sudorifiques as are otherwise used are given in double quantity to what is commonly practised in lesser exigencies and though it b● said to work plentifully by swea● yet is there no directions that the patient be laid to sweat but for all this saying it might induce one that knew no more than this about Arcanum to advise it only as such powders are given frequently to continue with other Medicines plain transpiration insensibly In sum there is not set down whether that our Irish Physician did begin his Cure with this powder or with what Method he used it and when all these Circumstances are added without which the Receipt is useless though I am pleased to have read the happy success of it once yet I dare not promise that it shall again any more than Mr. Sprats almost infallible cure of the Sweating-sickness or those other Anti-Pestilential Medicaments now exactly recorded by Experimental Galenists Whereas pag. 54. I speak of the age of Geber as following of Leo Afer in my judgment and that he lived but one hundred years after Mahomet and consequently many Centuries before Raym●nd Lully the Argument I use is manifest to any man that knows the time of the birth of Mahomet which yet Historians fix to be some A. D. 570. others A. D. 610. others in 620. and that the Hegyra begins A. D. 622. as V●ssius But I think it fit that I ob●e●ve here that as in all the Arabian Chronology so in this particular about the age of Geber there are great uncertainties Blancanus placeth Gel●r the Arabian in the ninth Century after Christ and so he must have lived about five hundred years before Raymund Lully The inquisitive and learned Libavius reckons upon Geber as contemporary with Mahomet saying Geberus quem volunt circa annum partûs virginei sexcentesimum in vivis fuisse I find that Vigner placeth him in the year of our Lord 723. Ricciolus calls him a Spaniard Geber Hispalensis in his Chronicle of Astronomers he placeth him in the year of our Lord 1090. and gives this reason against Blancanus that it must be so because that Geber in his Astronomie mentions Arzachel who lived in the twelfth Century after Christ and whom by the name of Arzael is placed by Blancanus two Centuries after Geber that is within the eleventh Century after Christ. There is such a confusion in the Arabian names that I am ready to imagine there were two Gebers or more the name being commonly assumed by the Saracens the one very antient and a Chymist of whom Leo Afer may speak and another in Spain famous for Astronomy who corrected sundry things in Ptolomy's Almagest of whom Ricciolus and others speak who call Ge●er a Spaniard As for Raymund Lully whom Mr. Henshaw placeth in the year 1333. I find Libavius to say he flourished sooner Illustris fuit Reimundus anno salvatoris 1324. but Conringius relates how he was killed in the year 1315. Lullius 1315. Octuagenarius circiter dum religionem Christian●m Bugiae in Africa doceret Martyr lapidibus obrutus est From whence it is manifes● that if we place Geber in the twelfth Century with Arzachel as Ricciolus in his larger and more accurate Chronicle doth then it is a mistake in Mr. Henshaw to say that Geber for certain flourished some Centuries before Raymundus Lullius and it seems evident that he mistook the Age of Lullius also So that if I grant him to have been a Spaniard as I do not grant that Geber the Chymist was either a Spaniard nor yet an Indian King as some have thought I have still just reason to except against Mr. Henshaw Where I say there are different Salt-Petres perhaps according to the several Earths they are made and to what I say about the Salt-Petre gathered of Lime walls add that since the writing hereof I have been where a new Cellar yeelded me a quantity of Peter on the walls I observed that the taste was rather like the salt of calx viva than of Nitre yet did it burn without leaving any fixed salt at all So that if Mr. Henshaw's friend had minded that perhaps there might have been a considerable improvement deduced thence either in order to Physick or the Manufacture of Gunpowder FINIS THE PLUS ULTRA reduced to a NON PLUS OR A SPECIMEN of some Animadversions upon the PLVS VLTRA of Mr. Glanvill wherein sundry Errors of some VIRTVOSI are discovered the Credit of the Aristotelians in part Re-advanced and Enquiries made about The Advantages of the Ancient Education in England above the Novel and Mechanical The old Peripatetick notion of the Gravity of the Air and the Pressure of the aëreal Columne or Cylinder The Deceitfulness of Telescopes The World in the Moon and a Voyage thither The Original and Progress of Chymistry The Vse of chymical M●dicaments The Vsefulness of the Peripatetick Philosophy

Bath into a lacteous colour and opacity insomuch that it represented an Almond-milk and after a time there precipitated to the bottom an ins●pid Magistery resembling Burnt Harts horn finely powdered the precipitated powder was more copious in the affusion of the spirit of Sal Armoniack then that of spirit of Harts-horn and the former in that mixture lost its urinous smell and made no unpleasant but an unctuo●● soft emulsion●like dri●k which the other retained Not a man of them ever tried whether the several Bath-water would coagulate milk which I tried first and found that the Kings-Bath water makes Posset with a soft cu●d and whitish posset-drink which will not become clear the Cross-Bath makes an hard curd a clean but whitish-posset-drink the Pump●water of the Cross-Bath which ariseth from the neighbouring hot Bath yields an hard curd a clear and very green posset-drink which being drunk by a woman that gave suck bred a great deal of milk more then fennel●posset-drink and made her break abundance of winde which those usually do that drink the Bath-waters And I believe this way of giving the Bath-waters might be no small improvement of Physick were those courses taken there and that method which those that understand the ancient and modern Bathes and waters that are drunk might easily pitch upon but this is above the reading of our Comical Wits I could find no grounds to believe there was any sulphur or bitumen in the Baths but rather some odd Alcali mixed with the vitriol of Iron ● I extracted the Salts by evaporation of two gallons of the Cross-Bath-water and having reduced them to three quarts I set it to shoot but there was no appearance of salt-peter at all then I evaporated it to three-pints but still neither salt-peter or any other salt appeared then I evaporated it quite away and then I had about two ounces of a dark-coloured salt which at first resembled cream of Tartar somewhat in taste but having lien longer on the tongue it resembled very much the Vitriolum Mortis with some more Alcalisate taste I performed the Operation both in Iron and Glass vessels with little difference of the taste or quantity of salt some of the said salt dissolving into a moisture in the air did eat off the writing upon such papers as it fell and turned the paper yellow all over and rotted it I made a Lixivium with the Cross-Bath water and evaporated that thinking that if there were any unctuous matter in the water it might hinder the discovery of the Nitre in its shooting but neither could I finde any thing of Nitre this way but still there was a taste of ●he Vitriolum Mortis in the salt and 〈◊〉 Mr● 〈◊〉 a Practitioner there assured me that he had known the Bath●water drink and to have tinged the 〈…〉 cannot avow the truth of that I inquired about 〈◊〉 truth of what Dr. Mearn had writ about the Stone he took up● upon Lands-down which being infused in water produced a resembling heat and taste to what is in the Bath 〈…〉 Maplet an inquisitive and learned Physician there who was with Dr. Mearn then and had some of the mineral stone assured me it was a lime●stone so did Mr. Chapman an observing Apothecary there who likewise saw the Stone and tasted the infusion In fine where Dr. Mearn took up that Stone any man may take up ● thousand they not being east out of the Earth but dropped out of the lime●carts which pass that way into Bathe ● the Kills being thereabouts The stones in the bottom of the Cross-Bath many are of reddish rusty colour others green but concerning the Batthe I may next Summer during my stay there in the midst of Iune and Iuly if God gi●e me life and health make a further Narrative I only mention on this to prevent the Virtuosi from usurping upon my discoveries and intendments Yet to do them some justice I was told that in some of their Transactions they have this observation about Bathe that if any person that is drunk go in there the Bath will make him sober If any that is in the Bath drink freely there it will cause him to be presently drunk with less drink by far then if he were out of it This report is worthy of our Philosophers and advanceth their intelligence above the credit that Aristotle and his Hunters deserve The first part is defective for it should have been added that the drunk person must sit still and sweat soundly if he stir up and down or swim he shall be more sick then if he had never come in The second part is notoriously false and all the Bath-Guides and others that have tried it avow that 't is usual for the Townsmen to sit some hours and drink in the Parlour of the Queen●-Bath and never be drunk and they say a man that sweats there shall bear much mo●e drink then if he were out of the Bath which I thought rational and agreeable to what I had observ'd in the Indies where men sweat and have more drink then in England and stronger But I come now to that Case for which I adde this Discourse and that is Observations upon the mixture of the Bath-water and other Liquors with blood and the Phaenomen● thereupon which though I might reserve for that other discourse of mine about Phlebotomy yet I will oblige my Reader with some of those Curiosities here especially since it will give him occasion to reflect how facile it is to multiply such Experiments and how negligent they are who pretend to be the grand Observators of this Age. When I went to make use of the Bath amongst other Prepar●tives thereto which are better taken upon the place then at a distance I caused my self to be let blood and being willi●g to improve that occasion as well for my instruction as health I c●used several Venice-Glasses to be filled with several liquors each liquor amounting to some three ounces and into each glass I suffered to run as much as half an ounce of blood or little more taking no other measure then that the whole liquor seemed of a deep blood red The Phaenomena thereupon were these ensuing● being observed presently after I had bound up my arm and was in condition to write 1. That Glass which contained the spirit of S●l Armoniack drawn the Leiden-way kept of an equal consistence from top to bottom being of a deep red and not ●ransparent li●e Tent-wine 2. Into two several Glasses I had dissolved the Salts of Ash and Wormwood half a dram in three ounces of water the solutions of these two Salts shewed no difference at all the top after some space was of a florid red such as is visible in watrish blood for about a quarter of an inch the bottom was of a more dark red and resembled Tent-wine 3. A fou●th Glass held Oleum Tartari per deliquium the blood and that liquor did not first mix but were a● two distinct liquors

notwithstanding that the blood had streamed into the Glass After a while the blood and oyle mixed together and it all became of a deep-red from top to bottom the surface only was transparent and of a brighter red as that of the other Alcalisate Liquors but not so far downwards● the rest was as Tent-wine 4. I dissolved half a dram of All●m in three ounces of water and upon bleeding thereupon all the crimson of the blood was immediately destroyed and it became almost as black as Ink after a little space towards the surface it cleared up there were certain bubbles on the top that continued the redness 5. Another Glass held a quantity of the Kings-Bath water the blood that did stream into it appeared of a dark red but transparent as deep Bourdeaux wine shews a little below the surface it was deeply red not transparent but like Tent wine 6. The Cross-Bath altered lit●le from the Kings-Bath saving that the transparency of the surface extended it self downwards to a greater profundity then the other 7. A Solution of half a dram of Sal prunellae yielded a blood on the surface like to that of Salt of Wormwood but not to so deep a descent otherwise it was of the colour and consistence of Tent wine After they had stood in the window about five houres I returned and observed these Phaenomena 1. That with the spirit of Sal Armoniack continued like Tent-wine only the uppermost part of it to the thickness of a barley-corn was diaphanous as deep Bourdeaux-wine 2. That with the Sal prunellae coagulated into a Mass shrunk from the sides of the Glass and sunk to the bottom leaving them super-natant water of a pale citrins colour the Mass it self being of a florid red on the surface and of a deep red not blackish to the bottom that I could perceive 3. That with the Cross-Bath water changed not but seemed thick as Tent-wine the upper part being diaphanous and like deep Bourdeaux-wine 4. That with the Kings-Bath water changed not only the diaphanous surface extended not it self downwards so far as the other Bath-water did 5. The Solution of All●m contin●ed all fluid and black no c●agulated mass therein but the bubbles had lost their crimson-colour and were become cineritious 6. That with the Salt of Wormwood resembled deep Bourdeaux wine but was less diaphanoux a little below the surface The surface extended downwards to the length of a barley●corn with a perfect transparency 7. That wherein was the Sal fraxini was diaphan●●s to the bottom no innatant filaments or coagulated mass in it But the surface to the length of a barley-corn was like decayed Claret made with a mixture of white and red wine the residue was deeper like that of Bourdeaux 8. That with the oleum Tartari per deliquium was diaphanous to the length of a barley-corn and of the colour of Bourdeaux wine the lower part un-coagulated and like Tent●wine 9. It is to be noted that the reflexion of the Glasses in all the Liquors they being held up to the light except the spirit of Sal Armoniack did create a corona of several colours mixt with green blew and so as not one resembled the other That with the oleum Tartari per deliquium resembled the blew in Bourdeaux wine with an eye of green I had forgot to relate how I kept some of the blood in a separate Pottinger and it seemed excellently well coloured when it coagulated● the top was of a due red the bottom blackish red the serum of a due transparency and proportion and not tinged to citrine colour and coagulated all as the white of an egge over a gentle fire I poured also upon the blood in two other Pottingers upon the one spirit of Harts-horn on the other spirit of Sal Armoniack but not much perhaps a dram or more that with the spirit of Harts-horn at first seemed more florid then that with the spirit of Sal Armoniack both coagulated into Mass●s after a while and were then both of one colour on the surface but that with the spirit of Sal Armoniack coagulated its Mass so as to break from the sides that with the spirit of Harts-horn did not break from the sides whether the blood of one and the other might differ I know not but both immediately followed one the other That blood which had nothing mixed with it after coagulation differed not from the other two though they were covered over with the spirits as soon as they wore taken and that exposed only to the Air. After a while upon the surface of that with the Kings-Bath-water there was a kind of fatty crem●r which covered the whole surface and so on that with the Queens-Bath-water the others had none at all On Munday after dinner the next day after I had bled● I came to observe again and found 1. That with the Sal fraxini to be more and more diaphanous resembling Bourdeaux wine that with the Sal abscynthii less diaphanous but red still 2. I observed the Solution of Allom ● and however it looked black yet being held in a clear light one might discover in it visible appearances of a deep red I poured on it some spirit of Sal Armoniack to see if it would restore the colour but in stead of that the liquor coagulated presently into little massula or flakes resembling raw flesh when the blood is washed out 3. There was no alteration in that with the spirit of Sal Armoniack 4. That with the Queens-Bath-water continued more diaphanously red towards the top but that with the Kings-Bath-water did not lose its redness though it were not diaphanous near the surface 5. Of the two Pottingers in which were the spirits of Harts-horn and Sal Armoniack though both were coagulated yet that with the spirit of Sal Armoniack was the most florid 6. That with the Oleum Tar●ari per deliquium continued red but lost its diaphaneity at the top almost quite 7. That with the Sal prunellae after the coagulated Mass had subsided had on the top of it in the middle of the Glass to the bredth of six-pence a concrete gelly exactly resembling that of the clearest Harts-horn not boyled up to its greatest heighth from hence protended certain filaments with which it was fastned to the mass of blood which was buoyed up thereby so that it touched not the bottom the jelly was insipid and stuck to my finger when I touched it whether that little which did so adhere took off from the equipollency of the two bodies or whether I broke casually some of the protended filaments or from what other cause I know not but after a while the Mass sunk quite to the bottom and drew the gelatine below the surface of the water 8. Upon the pouring out of the blood that with the Queens-Bath water happened to seem of a pure Claret like Bourdeaux wine no setling or floating filaments but something red which resembled exactly

other waters Carelesly in one or more vessels that will hold them These last waters shall be taken and forced to pass over New Earth operating as before and so many times shall they Pass over new earth untill you find the water sufficiently impregnated with Nitre which you shall easily know by the tast for the tongue will be hardly able to indure it for the great hea● and the waters will bear almost a new layd Egge without sinking to the bottom Having Collected a sufficient quantity of this Nitrous water you must put it into one or more Great Brazen or Copper caldron like those of the dyers accommodated to a fornace which being filled of two thirds of such liquor i. e. in such manner that a third part of the caldron be yet empty give fire to it at first gently afterwards more strongly by degrees untill the boyling be well advanced and so continue untill the caldron be but one third part full of liquor or to say better untill but half of what was put in do Remain The waters of one or more Caldrons being boyled and reduced to such a Quantity let them be gently taken out and put in a Capacious Tun or Tuns well hooped with hoopes of Iron and let them be covered with hempen cloath and tables upon them very diligently and so let them be left untill they coole and that they be setled very well in such manner that all the Earthy substance and naughty Salt be fallen to the bottom These waters being thus purified let them again be gently that they be not troubled but the common Salt and earthiness left in the bottom Returned in to the cleansed caldrons and they being boyled as at first untill one half be consumed or at least untill you know it be boyled and be coagu●a●ed which will be known when taking a little upon a stick and dropping it on a Polish'd marble or stone if it remain congealed or to say better thickned it is a sign it is boyled and therefore take it from the fire and suffer it to coole It being thus cooled clarified let there be ready some Tray● made of Planks long not too large nor too deep but more large in the top then in the botome let these be filled with the boyl'd and clarified waters a handful high putting into them some little sticks of wood without Barke and cover the trays and let them stand so two or three days and at that time or longer according to the season you shall find the Sal-Nitri Congeal'd and cleaving to the sides of the Trays and the sticks after the manner of clear Chrystall which take away carefully and the water that Remains let it be put to boyling anew as at first leaving the salt and the dregs in the bottome of the Trays And because the waters in the boyling swell and make a scum it will be necessary to take away that scum carefully as they do from the flesh-pots and to reserve that scum to throw it upon the Earth taken from the Tuns to reimpregnate it with Salt-petre Moreover because the water in boyling will spatter out of the caldron to remedy this let there be ready a strong lie made 3 fourths of ferne Ashes or the ashes of Oak holme o● Oak or with Ash or Maple such as was used a● the first elixiviation and of one fourth of quick-lime and in the said strong lie for every hundred pints let there be dissolved four pounds for Roach-allu●● And of this lie so prepared take one or two pot●uls and throw it in by little and little when the Caldron swells and it will presently be quiet and descend and become of a clear Azure colour and the dreggs of the common salt will fall to the Bottome Of the manner to r●fine Sal-p●trae to make gun-powder cap. 50. ALL the vigour of Gun-powder consisting in Sol-petrae its quantity and its perfection if the Sal-petre should be put in use of the first boyling the Powder would ●ot be so perfect and so strong as need would require for the quantity of Terrestriall matter● Common● salt and u●ctuosity which also reside with the Petre do hinder its vertue and strength and therefore the Artists do always anew Refine the said Salt-petre and purge it from every extraneous matter as much as is possible that they may obtaine the most strenuous effects of Powder that can be desired This Refining is made in two manners either with water commonly called the wett or with Fire commonly called the Dry or the Burnt The wett or with water is made thus They take as much sal-nitre as they please to Refine and put it in a Caldron over a fornace and upon that Sal-nitre they put such a quantity of fresh and clear water as may be sufficient to dissolve it they take notice of the quantity of the water and for every barrel of water which they put into the Caldron they put five or six Pot-fulls of that strong lie made of Ferne-Ashes Oake and Quick-lime and Allum and giving fire to the Caldron at first softly and afterward increasing it un till the melted Nitre boyle and rayse a scum Let there be ready a great Tun or vessel placed so high that another vessel may stand under it to receive the Sal-nitrous water which by little shall strain from above and in the said great Tun let there be put a hands-breadth of cleane and wash'd Sand and upon that a great linnen cloth doubled as the laundresses do and on that poure the water from the Caldron which contains the melted Nitre as soon as it boyles and the scum is taken from it and let it strain by little and little by the ●●p into the vessel below as they do in making their Bucks Which water being all strained let it be put into a cleare Caldron and boyl it till by the proof of a Co●gealed drop it may be known to be well boyled not forgetting to give it some of the strong li● of Allum Ashes and lime when the Caldron swells and would spatter out the water and having made proof it is boyled enough let it be taken out and put into the long Trays to cool● as before and preserve the congealed Salt-petre and returne the water to boyle again that remains and againe to congeale and do so untill the water Give no more Salt-petre Now this Salt-petre so Refined is called Salt-petre Refin'd of the ●econd boyling● as the Refiners of sugar call their Sugar Refined of the Second Third or fourth boyling and to make Saltpetre of such perfection you may as some do Refine it that is Reboyl it in such manner the third time proceeding always as before Because that there is such difficulty in the depurating of Salt-peter from the fixed common Salt Allum Vitriol which adhere to it that without this be done no man can judge whether the salt it leaves upon calcination be from the Nitre or some