Linctus for it is assumed by little and little as it were by licking or sucking that by staying and lingering in the passage it may deerre into the breast or at least its cough-curing virtue may reach the cavities of the Breast and the grisles of the Lungs concoct Spittle and cause its exclusion which by the strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are souâ— ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch cassia CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the
takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of rose-Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as â„ž The water of Endive â„¥ iij. Syrup of Limons â„¥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms â„ž of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an â„¥ ij of Sugar â„¥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made â„ž The water of Water lillyes Ê’ ij of Betony â„¥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple â„¥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished â„ž Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each â„¥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an â„¥ j. Troches of Camphor â„¥ ij filings of GoldÊ’ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers â„ž Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each â„¥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each â„¥ j. Treacle â„¥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachÊ’ ij Dictamus â„¥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachÊ’ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath
Electuaries faculty requires In purgative tables one dragm of powder must be put to an ounce of sugar duely cocted in water or other convenient liquour Portio Sacchari in tabellis purgantibus in roborative tables that they may be more gratefull to the palate more sugar is requisite as two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but
above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyeâ— are loaden with impure excrements are chieâ—â—y in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enâ—â—â— these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mâ—llows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Mâ—lilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotâ—â— pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Fâ—nâ—greek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in balm-Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with coltsfoot-Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in Rose-water make a Paste of which Rolls The COMMENTARY Though this confection be of an unknown Author yet it is most usual grateful for sapour and commendable for effects The Powders whereof it consists are indeed kept severally till they be mixed with Tragacanthum solved in rose-Rose-water or other convenient liquor or else coacted with Sugar cocted in some idoneous humour into a mass whereof Pastills or Bacills may be formed We anumerate it amongst Bechical Powders because it is of the same use and consistence Some think this consection is called Rebecha from Bechia for it is Bechical some ignorant fellow reading Rebechi for ℞ Bechi in some ancient Medicks receipt gave the name to this Confection which is now called Rebecha It cures such as cough Vires breathe difficultly spit corrupt blood are infested with the Peurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and hoarseness CHAP. 21. Of Penidees PEnidees are much commended amongst bechical and arteriacal Medicaments which consist but of a few ingredients for they are made of Sugar and Barley-water mixed in such proportion and so cocted that a mass expurges thence of such solidity that it is tractable not adhering to ones fingers but easily ducible into long or short crass or small threads which that it may be duly effected the mass while hot is adduced reduced and drawn upon a ferreous hook affixed to the Beam till it be dealbated and severall figures made out of those threads Bulcasis the Author of this Compound made it of pure water Sugar and Honey mixed with as much Oyl of bitter Almonds But now we take Barley-water omit Honey and onely anoint the hands of the subacter and the Marble on which it is projected with Oyl The shop-men call this Medicament Alphenicum from the whiteness it contracts by subaction and duction It cures the cough hoarseness and asperity of the artery moves Vires cocts and excludes spittle and helps all affections of the Lungs and Breast SECT II. Of liquid Antidotes THere are of the Powders described and other Cordial and Alexiterial ones diluted in some idoneous liquor certain soft confections made which we sometimes call Liquid Antidotes
External Medicaments Chap. 1. OF Oyls Page 118 Chap. 2. Of Unguents Page 121 Chap. 3. Of Medicaments made of wax or Cerates Page 123 Chap. 4. Of Plaisters Page 124 Chap. 5. Of Sparadraps Page 127 The fourth Book The rules or laws that ought to be observed in the compounding of Medicaments Chap. 1. WHo first Compounded Medicaments and the reason of Composition Page 128 Chap. 2. Of the basis of Medicaments and the mode of their Collocation in receipts Page 130 Chap. 3. Of the forms and end of Medicaments Page 132 Chap. 4. Of the Several weights of Medicaments and their marks Page 134 Chap. 5. Of the measures that Physitians use Page 136 Chap. 6. Of the quantity of Medicaments to be exhibited Page 137 Chap. 7. A just proportion of Medicaments can scarce be defined yet a little in excess or defect is not perilous Page 139 Chap. 8. Of such Medicaments as may without harm be taken in a great quantity for whom they are Convenient and when Page 140 Chap. 9. Of such as must be prescribed in small quantity Page 142 Chap. 10. In what quantity Simples should be mixed in Composition Page 143 Chap. 11. Of the manner how to repose Medicaments conveniently Page 145 Chap. 12. Of the Conservation and duration of Medicaments Page 147 Chap. 13. Of such as by a certain Antinomasia are preferred before others from which their denomination is desumed Page 148 Chap. 14. Of such roots seeds flowers stones and waters as excel others in dignity Page 150 Chap. 15. Of Succedaneous Medicaments Page 151 Chap. 16. What Medicaments are and when they are rightly substituted Page 153 Chap. 17. Of adulterate Medicaments Page 157 The fifth Book The several forms of Medicaments whose use is Excellent in preventing and profligating diseases SECT 1. Of such as may be assumed at the mouth 1. Of some ordinary Decoctions common by their long use 161 2. A description of a dose 163 3. Of a Purgative potion 164 4. Of Juleps 166 5. Of distilled Restoratives 167 6. Of decoctions or Apozemes 168 7. Of Gargarismes 160 8. Of Emulsions 161 9. Of Amidalates 163 10. Of the Ptisane or Hordeate used by the Ancients 164 11. Of Lohochs or Eclegms made for present use 165 12. Of Apophlegmatismes 166 13. Of a purging Bolus 167 14. Of Opiates 168 15. Of Condites or preserves 169 16. Of the regal paste 170 17. Of Marchpane Ibid. 18. Of Piniolates or Pignolates 171 19. Of Pandalea's 172 20. Of Hypoglottian Medicaments commonly called Sublingues 173 21. Of Tables or Tabulets Ibid. 22. Of Powders 176 SECT 2. 1. Of Errhines 178 2. Of Pessaries 172 3. Of Nadils or Penicills 180 4. Of Suppositories 181 5. Of Glysters 183 SECT 3. Of such as are extrinsecally to be applyed 1. OF Bathes 185 2. Of A Semicapium or Insess 186 3. Of a Vaporary 187 4. Of a Hypocaust or Sudatory 188 5. Of Fomentations 189 6. Of Epithemes 190 7. Of the manner of Lotion 191 8. Of an Embroch or sprinkling 192 9. Of a Liniment 193 10. Of Muslidges 194 11. Of Collyries 194 12. Of Virgins Milk 197 13. Of Alome-water 198 14. Of Irontals Ibid. 15. Of Cataplasms 200 16. Of Empasms and Diapasms 201 17. Of Sinapisms Phaenigms 202 18. Of Dropax and Piccation 203 19. Of Psylothers 204 20. Of Vesicatories 205 21. Of Pyroticks and Cauteries 206 22. Of Plaifters for the stomach or descuto 208 23. Of Quilted Caps 209 24. Of Bags 210 25. Of Dentifrices 211 26. Of Odoraments 212 27. Of perfumes and Suffumigatories 213 Three Books of Medicinal Materials Treating of such things as are requisite for Compositions made and kept in Apothecaries Shops The first Book Of Plants SECT 1. Chap. 1. OF Water Page 217 Chap. 2. Of Wine Page 219 Chap. 3. Of Vinegar Page 221 Chap. 4. Of Omphacy Page 222 Chap. 5. Of Sugar Page 223 Chap. 6. Of Honey Page 224 Chap. 7. Of Manna Page 226 Chap. 8. Of Cordial-flowers and first of Violets Page 227 Chap. 9. Of Bugloss-flowers Page 228 Chap. 10. Of Borage-flowers Ibid. Chap. 11. Of the four common Emollitives and first of Mallows Page 229 Chap. 12. Of Brank-Ursine Page 230 Chap. 13. Of Mercury Page 231 Chap. 14. Of Pellitory of the wall Ibid. Chap. 15. Of Bete and Arack Page 232 Chap. 16. Of the five Capillaries and first of true Maiden-hair Page 233 Chap. 17. Of common Maiden-hair Page 234 Chap. 18. Of Polytrich Page 235 Chap. 19. Of Ceterach Ibid. Chap. 20. Of Salvia vitae Page 236 Chap. 21. Of some other Plants that are of the second sort of Capillaries and first of Moon-fern Ibid. Chap. 22. Of Dodder Page 237 Chap. 23. Of the five opening roots and first of Smallage Ibid. Chap. 24. Of Petroseline Page 238 Chap. 25. Of Sperage Page 239 Chap. 26. Of Fennel Ibid. Chap. 27. Of Butchers-Broom Page 240 Chap. 28. Of the four greater Coole-seeds Ibid. Chap. 29. Of the four lesser Coole-seeds and first of Lettice Page 241 Chap. 30. Of Purslain and its seed Page 242 Chap. 31. Of other less Cooling-seeds and by the way of Succeraceous Plants Page 243 Chap. 32. Of the four hot seeds and first of Annis Page 244 Chap. 33. Of Cummin Page 245 Chap. 34. Of Caraway Page 246 Chap. 35. Of the other four seeds which are hot in a lesser degree and first of Ameos Ibid. Chap. 36. Of Our Ladies-Rose Page 247 Chap. 37. Of Carret Page 248 Chap. 38. Of Some flowers from which most efficacious waters and Oyls are extracted and first of Roses Ibid. Chap. 39. Of Water-Lillies Page 249 Chap. 40. Of Lilly Page 250 Chap. 41. Of Saffron Page 251 SECT 2. Of Purgative Simples Chap. 1. ORhabarb Page 252 Chap. 2. Of Cassia Page 253 Chap. 3. Of Tamarinds Page 254 Chap. 4. Of Myrabolans Page 255 Chap. 5. Of Aloes Page 256 Chap. 6. Of Senna Page 257 Chap. 7. Of Mechoachan root Page 258 Chap. 8. Of Agarick Ibid. Chap. 9. Of Polipody Page 259 Chap. 10. Of Carthamus Page 260 Chap. 11. Of Wallwort or Dwarf-Elder Page 261 Chap. 12. Of Devills-Milk or Esula Ibid. Chap. 13. Of Hermodacts Page 262 Chap. 14. Of Turbith Page 263 Chap. 15. Of Scamony Page 264 Chap. 16. Of Hellebore Page 265 Chap. 17. Of Coloquintida Page 266 Chap. 18. Of Widdow-wail and Spurge-Olive or Mezereon and Chanilaea Page 267 Chap. 19. Of Thymellaea or Spurge-flax Page 268 Chap. 20. Of Laurel Ibid. Chap. 21. Of Kicinus or Palma Christi Page 269 Chap. 22. Of Soldanella Ibid. SECT 6. Of Exotical Calefactives Chap. 1. OF Ginger Page 270 Chap. 2. Of Zerumbet Page 271 Chap. 3. Of Setwel Page 272 Chap. 4. Of Galanga Ibid. Chap. 5. Of Acorus or Water-flag Page 273 Chap. 6. Of Calamus Aromaticus or the Aromatical-reed Ibid. Chap. 7. Of Costus Page 274 Chap. 8. Of Both Beens Page 275 Chap. 9. Of Scecachal Page 276 Chap. 10. Of Cinamon Ibid. Chap. 11. Of Nutmeg Mace and Macer Page 278 Chap. 12. Of Pepper Page 279 Chap. 13. Of
mitigated The five opening roots after Lotion should be steeped in vineger Quinque radicum aperientium praeparatio that they might the easier cut viscid Phlegme and sooner deduce humors by the passage dedicated to the expelling of humor Nettle-seed Urticae semen quibus conveniat steeped in the decoction of the hearb Draconth and assumed helpes any stopping at the stomach for it is exceeding good for those that are troubled with stoppages It causes the throat and other parts by which it passeth to cease to burn or itch But purging ingredients and odoriferous spices are usually infused in Wine or Water or some suitable decoction or some distilled water or in juices extracted from vegerables according to the severall ends and purposes of the Doctor that they might lose their proper qualities and transmit them into the liquor thus Rhabarb and Agarick are wont to be infused not onely that their vertue might go into the liquor but that it might have a better and more effectuall operation of the body of him that assumes it The mixture of Vinum Hypocraticum is onely the infusion of Cinamon in the best Wine Vinum Hypocraticum with the dissolution of sugar so much as will dulcorate it There is also some Ginger mixed with it by the Apothecaries that it may the better content and please the drinkers palate So also Gummi Ammoniacum Gummorum infusio Galbanum Oppoponax and Sagapenum are macerated steeped or infused in Wine or Vineger to bring down their consistences that the filth mixed therewith may be separated from them by colature before they are to be used in the compositions of Electuaries or Plaisters or for other uses So flowers of Violets Roses and Water-Lillyes Florum Insusio are infused in warme water till their vertues be transmitted and the colature dulcorated with a sufficient quantity of sugar to bring it into the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Humectation and other differences of Infusion HUmectation Infection or Triture are wont to be reduced to infusion or Immersion And Irrigation or Inspersion to Humectation for those Medicaments that are liquored with Vineger Milk Water or other humor grow moist or are humected that they may more comodiously and conveniently be used and commixed with others Now humectation What Medicaments need humectation is absolute necessary to all forraign Medicaments which being brought to us from far Regions are hard and dry their juice being evaporated and therefore we resartiate their native humidity or cherish and defend that small relique of it that is left by a light immersion or irrigation or oftentimes by reposing and keeping them in a coole place as when we lay and preserve Cassia in a cellar Venetian Treacle in a leaden pot c. that their vertues may not so soon be exhaled Many odoriferous simples also should be moistned The humâ—ctation of odours if they are ordered to be pulverized or grinded as Amber Bezoar Musk c. least the more subtill and odoriferous parts should fly away Humectation also is very necessary for the preservation of fruits and blaunching of them from their skins and hulls As Almonds that they may be enucleated are first to be scalded in hot water Pine nutâ—s and other fruits and nutts before they can be preserved must be steeped moistned and macerated in water that their acrimony and bitterness may be abated for any fruit that hath any apparant quality of acrimony by a frequent immersion in water or other liquor doth waxe more mild Camphire Colocynth Euphorbium How to powder Camphir Colocinth Euphorbium How to powder Mastick and many others that are to be pulverized must be besprinkled with a little oyl of Almonds or such other thing before their grinding and Mastich humected with a little rose-water which causeth it sooner to be pulverized and its vertue lesse expire or its subtler part be diminished by flying away Irrigation is reduced to humectation Irrigation which is as it were a little or sparing humectation for those that must be used dry ought to be irrigated or moistned with a gentle sprinkling that they may become more usefull and their vertues more retained CHAP. VII Of Nutrition MEdicaments in a rationall sense cannot well be said to be nourished but in a Philosophicall sense they may as when a medicament is augmented by the mutuall apposition of two three or more Medicaments which acretion the vulgar Apothecaryes call Nutrition and perchance it was indued with this name because it is as apparantly altered in mixing as Nutriment in nourishing Now nutrition is not unlike to Humectation Nutrition is Cosin-german to Huniectation for in both there must necessarily be mixed some liquor or other which in Humectation is copious but in Nutrition spare for in the latter the liquor must not be powred on with that quantity that the forther requires for when it is once irrigated or sprinkled it must be presently dryed and that either by the Sun or fire and againe moystned and dryed and so irrigated three or foure times Sarcocolla nutritia as the Gum Sarcocolla which is nourished with a womans or Asses milk but if macerated with a copious quantity thereof it presently dissolves and the milk will be soure before the Gumme can be dryed Alcumists usually nourish metalls by a congruent homour to the thing nourished prepared after an occult manner either that they may the sooner be melted or dissolved or nourished and augmented And so to the making up of the crude unguent which is prepared with one part of Litharge Triapharmacon foure of oyl and five of vineger the Litharge by a continuall beating is so nourished by the foresaid oyl and vineger that it growes to the consistency of an unguent without the help of fire or addition of other hard bodyes Many roots are irrigated sometime with Wine sometimes with other liquors that they may swell As Mirabolans with milk or with any other liquor correspondent to the Physicians purpose and intent So likewise Aloes is sometimes nourished with a decoction of Aromaticks The way to wash Aloes or some other fit and convenient liquor answerable to the doctors intent but oftner with the juice of hearbs leaves or flowers as with the juice of roses red or damask of red to roborate or damaske to purge both which do augment the aforesaid qualities and sometimes in the juice of Endive to mitigate the heat of the stomach but first it should be dissolved in some of the aforesaid juices afterwards dryed then pulverized againe washed and nourished with the same proportion of juice and dried as before and this reiterated so often till the Aloes have drunk in the determinated quantity of the juice or liquor CHAP. VIII Of Maceration Infection and digestion MAceration is so neere a kin to humectation that they are often used for one and the same manner of preparation for Medicaments are infunded humected and macerated for the self
if any such thing be mixed with it may be separated by Colature Those that are thin as the juice of hearbs Lemmons and many fruits ought to be strained warme and often cold for so their terrestriall and grosser part remaines the purer and more sincere being transferred as it were fined from their dreggs But Milk and muddy waters are strained cold that haires if any be fallen thereinto may be separated from the one and mud from the other yet all that which makes the water muddy is oft separated from it by residence as we see in Cisternes where water stands Tent-wine also is three or more times strained cold in a linnen napkin very long and fine for procuring the more pleasant mixture and consistency of the Sugar wine and sweet spices wherewith it is compounded Some may not be strained unlesse very hot others cold others warme and many need onely one colation some two and some three till they grow cleer Apozemes are strained through common strainers sometimes through a woollen bag or linnen strainer but syrrups which are more gross because of the admixtion of honey sugar and their long coction cannot so easily transmeate and therefore require a thin linnen strainer Decoctions whereof unguents are made are strained after the same manner as also the unguents themselves liquified till some thick thing which hath escaped the stroke of the Pestell and the heat of the fire be segregated The thinner part of many Medicaments is segregated from the thicker by the other kind of colation called filtration Filtratio which apparation those Medicaments onely use which make up the compound called Virgins Milk or which expostulate onely some smaller and thinner substance of some Medicament for they assume linnen or woollen lists two or three fingers broad and very long and they dip the one end in the vessell wherein the Medicament to be strained is contained the other end reacheth to another vessell that stands below it and bending into it doth cast out by drop and drop that humour into it which it had continently drawn from the former vessell CHAP. XXVI Of Spumation WHen scum swimming upon a liquor is detracted Spuma quid either with a spoon or feather if it be small or by colature that same act is called Despumation because scum is a certain viscid juice including flatulency for all enumeration of scum proceeds from the mixture of two substances whereof the one is spirituall the other humid it is moved and disjected by a various agitation as Galen saith Comment ad Aphor. 43. lib. 2. therefore the segregation of scums is made by the whites of Eggs which by their lentor and viscidity coact and collect the scum as when juices of flesh many syrrups and Apozemes are in boyling cleansed from their scums But seeing motion and heat are the efficient causes of scum Spumae efficientes cnasae and nothing that is crude and not moved is covered with scum then despumation appertaines to such things as by agitation and coction ingender scum That Honey and Sugar may be cleansed from scum an equall and sometimes a double portion of liquor is put to them and in boyling the scum is taken off with a blunt spoon least together with the scum the liquor in which the concoction is made should be taken off but if despumation by this rule seem unperfect then adde to certain pound weights of liquor certain whites of eggs which assoone as they are hardened by continuall boyling they gather scum so that the segregation of it from the liquour will be very easy because in straining it will be left in the strainer together with the whites of the eggs the sincere and pure liquour onely transmitted If the honey be very impure it must be boyled in a treble portion of liquor till it come to half that the despumation may be perfect which rule will hold in scumming other very impure Medicaments Honey may be purged and cleansed from scum by it self Quando mel per se despumandum when it hath no aliene quality or when it cannot sustein so long coction without impairing its vertue as those things that are mixed with it for then it were better not to mixe it for despumations sake than to despume it with the mixture Sugar to be purged of scum ought so long to be boyled that after despumation that which was a pound before may remain no more than a pound though two or three ounces of liquor have been added to the coction Fruits that are to be preserved while they are boyled with sugar or as some do better boyle them in a portion of sugar are purged by some few scum onely with a spoon as things full cocted are with a linnen strainer for they are wont to be transmitted through a cloth extended and fastned with nailes at every corner that the scum and dreggs might be left above CHAP. XXVII Of Clarification CLarification is a purging of liquid Medicaments from their grosser matter for hereby they are more acceptable to the palate and may more easily be distributed Now many are clarified by themselves alone as when the more feculent settleth as the juice of Apples Oranges Lemmons Bugglosse Sorrell some by despumation others by colation some also by coction the white of eggs for the most part added sometimes also without these as when the juices of plants and fruits are cocted to the consumption of the third part and then stand two dayes till they grow cleere Clarificatio quot modis fiat whence clarification is effected five manner of ways by rest by colation by despumation by the mixtion of vinegar or some sharp matter and by the agitation and coction of whites of Eggs with the thing to be clarified For if decoctions and syrups partake of vinegar they will be more and more purged by themselves through the vertue of the vinegar And whites of eggs must be agitated with a spoon till they be all froathy then put to the syrups or decoctions which must be boyled again and when the scum is gathered about the whites of eggs by perfect coction then must the scum be artificially craded and separated either by common trajection which is through a four cornered cloath fastned at every corner with a nail or by a more peculiar colation which is through Hyppocrates his sleeve Colation should be iterated three or four times till the syrrup or decoction be plainly cleere Men of later times have made certain potions in the form of a Julep which with their consistency being very clear they cill them Clarers but such are made after the manners before nominated CHAP. XXVIII Of Aromatization ARomatization is an artificiall manner of preparation Aromatizatio quid whereby Medicaments are made more odoriferous and suaveolent to the better acceptation of the palate and heart and the greater strength and oblectation to the vitall and animall faculties For Medicaments subverting the ventricle are made lesse offensive if they
be seasoned with Cloves Cynamon and other sweet spices and lesse moâ—est the principall parts and do more wholesomely educe excrementitious humours by secession or by vomit if it happen And though according to Galen Cap. 15. lib. 2. de aliment Quae aromata hanc velillam partem corporis magis respiciunt all ocoriferous spices are hot and exhilarate the vitall faculty yet some more particularly respect the brain as Cloves some the heart the fountain of life as Cynamon others the ventricle as Almonds others the Liver as Dates and some the wombe as muske Amber Civet not that the wombe is delighted with these under the species of odors for it hath not an organ of smelling but is affected with smells by reason that thin and subtil matters or the aery vapour wherewith the spirits are recreated with which it is of all granted that the genitalls swell Mesue hath described many aromaticall confections as Diacinamomum ARomaticum Rosat Diamoschum utrumque diambra the electuary of gemms and many more whose use is excellent in getting and preferving strength in the principall members in preventing and correcting putrefaction and in refreshing the spirits Those that from sickness recover health or are very old and are in riches able to resartiate their lost strength by the prescript of Physicians are wont to use Confections made of Conserves Sirrups and cordial Powders whose excellent virtue is attributed to the sweet odour of suaveolent Spices For the like cause Cur medicamenta aromatizentur many Sirrups are aromatized with the confection of Alkermes or Trochisks of Galliae moschatae or with Musk Amber Civet or other suaveolent Spices hung in a Nodula and so tyed to the Vessel wherein the Sirrup or Liquor is contained that it hangs about the middle of it for so the aromatical virtue is equally distributed to all the Liquor Which also Vintners have learned who make the Wine more fragrant and sweet by hanging Ginger Cinamon and such like in the Hogshead Those of the Courtiers that are more rich Quibus salaces ad venerem utantur leacherous and slothfull that like Beasts they may more potently hold on to their Venery and be more active in that exercise sometimes they cat raw Eggs sometimes fryed with much Musk or Civet whereby they rather destroy than refresh Nature Many Fruits also as Nuts and Pears are before Conditure sticked with Cinamon or Cloves that they may be more gratefull and acceptable both to the palate and heart Juleps also are often aromatized with Rose-water as Apozems with yellow Sanders Sauces with aromatical Confections Cider with Amber or Musk as many other Medicaments with Storax Belzoin Camphire CHAP. XXIX Of Colouration THough Colour according to Galen cap. 2. lib. 1. simpl cap. 30 lib. de Histor Philos cannot shew the faculty of the Medicament yet because it is a quality of a visible body which because it hurts or profits is more or less expetible for as blackness and whiteness do obtund the faculties of seeing so green colour exhilarates them as besides quotidian experience the Philosopher also testifies Probl. 60. sect 32. Now some Medicaments are more desirable being white Coloratio quot modis acquiritâ—r others black others red or of other colour And Colour is especially acquired four manner of wayes by Lotion Agitation Coction and Mixtion By Lotion most become white as Oil Turpentine Wax Some also by Agitation as Penedis the white unguent of Rhasis the plaister Diachylon Galens refrigerating Unguent for all these by how much the longer they are wrought by so much they are the whiter Bechical as white Pils Bechical confections and all sugared Medicaments for Motion and Agitation do get the defired colour to Medicaments But this is not so manifest in the fore-named Medicaments as in the crude Unguent Unguentum crudum ex quibus constat which is made of Lytoridge Oil and Vinegar for these are so long beaten in a morter till they acquire the form of a white Unguent Medicaments by Coction are more colourated as more white or more black as the Coction is valid and long or as it is weak So the Plaister made of crude Ceruse is white of burned Ceruse red And the Plaister of crude Verdigrease is green of burned Verdigrease white and yellow Lastly according to the several colours of the things mixed the colour of Medicaments is various for such as admit Saffron in their mixtion are yellow such as admit Cinnabrium are red and such as have Ceruse are white and such as have the pith of Cassia in their mixture are black CHAP. XXX Of Conditure Saliture and Farture AS Saliture and Farture rather seem to appertain to a Cooks than an Apothecaries shop so doth Conditure to the Confectioners Yet Medicaments sometimes need these for Saliture conduces much to conservation Farture to good sapour and Conditure to both For Flowers and Fruits are not condited onely but also little stalks barks and tender roots both that they may be longer preserved and also eat more pleasantly Thus are the roots of tender Ginger and husks of Cassia Fistula which are not old Nutmegs Myrobolans and other forreign Fruits are condited while fresh that they may be brought to us without any loss of their virtues and faculties from far Countreys Many of our own Countrey sweet sour or Fruits of other sapours pleasant to the palate as soon as they are gathered and if need be their Cortes pill'd off for many are not decorticated as Gooseberries Barberries and so are boyled with Sugar or Honey or both Those that are bitter very sour and sharp are so long macerated in water till they have deposed their vehement quality Now Apothecaries do especially make humid Conditures as they call them as when they so long concoct Fruits or Roots with Sugar and Water that they lose all their watry humidity and after Conditure and Reconditure may be preserved with a Sirup perfectly boyled But Confectioners do not onely make such like Conditures as these but also dry ones as they term them which are made of Fruits sugared with Sugar extrinsecally boyled with them and afterwards dryed by insolation Now many Fruits are condited with Salt alone as Capers or with some Vinegar added to them Salitura as Cucumbers cut in pieces Purslain Lettices and many Pot-herbs that they may without decay be preserved till Winter for Salt hath an admirable faculty in desiccating and conserving things Hence Flesh and Fish salted are kept without corruption not onely some months but years Wherefore by some Philosophers Epicureis anima pro sale the Soul is called the Salt of the Body because as long as it remains therein it vindicates and defends it from putrefaction It causes also that Medicaments acquire another quality beside what is peculiar to them and therefore Vipers flesh and the parts of many Animals are besprinkled with white and bay Salt for according to Galen there is the same faculty
will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aquâ— optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generallâ—n me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the pâ—late with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the artainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. dâ— remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium Râ—ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom it is meet And that I may return to my purpose Quam varia catharticorum dosis some Catharticks are given onely in a small dosis as Colocynthis and Hellebor by a few grains or scruples others by drams as Rheum others by ounces as Manna Cassia Tamarinds A Dosis then denotes a quantity of a Medicament fit to be exhibited at once as when any Medicament of three or four ounces at the most is made into the form of a potion Decoction or distilled wherein we dilute Roboratives as Powders Antidotes and Cordial Confections or infuse Catharticks as Agarick or dissolve them as Catholicon or Diacarthamum whereof every one hath its peculiar dosis whereby it should be given in greater or lesser quantity as it is of weak or valid faculties But to describe every of these according to the nature and quality of every Medicament and body were to comprehend the whole method of Medicine CHAP. III. Of a purgative Potion EVery kinde of Medicaments may be given in any form but not so fit perhaps to cure a Disease or help any part The most usual form of such as free the passages of obstructions deduce the vessels Purgantia cur in forma potabili convenientiora and provoke monthly flowers and urine is liquid But those especially that are purgative require a more potable form for hereby they more promptly diffuse themselves more easily ingrede the small veins and more efficaciously deduce the humour inhering in those parts For one dram of a solid Medicament diluted with some humour Catharticum liquidum citius ducit will move the belly more than twice as much of it whole Wherefore when we say a purgative Medicament absolutely we mean a laxative Potion whose dosis should seldome exceed three ounces lest by moving the ventricle it be presently excluded by vomit Now purgative Potions are various according to the various nature of the Medicaments and humours to be educed For every humour except blood which is vacuated onely by the section of some vein or artery hath its proper eductive Cathartick that which purges Choler is called a Cholagogous that which purges Melancholy Melanagogous and Phlegm a Phlegmagogous Medicament And of each of these whether simple or compound are made purgative Potions when they are macerated infused dissolved or cocted in some fit liquor as to educe Choler thus ℞ of the roots of Succory Sorrel Liquorice an ʒ ij of Endive Cholagogon Fumitory Agrimony an m. ss of the three cordial Flowers an p. j. let a Decoction be made in a small quantity of water wherein infuse of Rhabarb ʒ ij ss of Orange colour'd Sanders ℈ ss dissolve in the expression Syrup of Violets ʒ vj. and make a potion thereof When a stronger Purge is required either you may augment the quantity of the things or take a stronger Medicament as this ℞ of Diaprun dissolved or Electuary of the juice of Roses ʒ iij. Alia potio validior let it be dissolved in ℥ iij. of the fore mentioned Decoction or of Endive water put to it of the syrup of Succory compounded with Rhabarb ℥ j. and make a Potion Phlegm may be deduced by many Medicaments as well simple as compound as well as Choler whereof I shall take these few prescriptions in stead of many examples ℞ Polypody of the Oak Grass roots Raisons stoned of each ʒ iij. of the seeds of Carthamus ʒ ij Germander Ground-pine Betony of each m. ss of Anise seed ʒ j. make a Decoction in which boyl on a slow fire of the leaves of Senny ʒ ij ss in the colature infuse of Agarick ʒ j. ss in the expression dissolve of the syrup of white Roses ʒ j. make a Potion thereof In such a Decoction after colation you may dilute of the Electuary of Diacarthamus ʒ iij orʒ ss of the syrup of damask Roses ℥ j. that it may be a Potion Senny Rhabarb and Polypody vacuate flegm also and so do Turbitum Carthamus seed Colocynthis Widow-wail Veratrum album white Hellebor the seed and root of Wall-wort Benedicta Laxativa and Diaphoenicum whereof a perite Artificer may make various purgative Potions Melancholy also hath its peculiar Catharticks as Epithymum Melancholiam quae ducunt Azure stone Senny black Hellebor and amongst the compounds the Confection Hamech Catholicum Diasenna and King Sabor's syrup Of one or more whereof dissolved infused or cocted in some convenient liquor a purgative Medicament may be confected as thus ℞ Barks and roots of Capers and Tamarisks roots of Bugloss Melanagogon optimum Liquorice Raisons and Currens of each ʒ iij. of whole Barley ʒ ss Cateras Maiden hair Marigolds Borrage of each m. ss of the three cordial Flowers of each p. j. of which make a Decoction wherein infuse Senna ℥ ss sweet Fennel seeds ʒ j. in the Colature dissolve syr Regis Saboris ℥ j. make it into a Potion Or ℞ Liquorice Raisons stoned an ʒ iij. Jujubs nu vj. Epithymus Spleenwort tops of Hops Wood sorrel Fumatory an m. 〈◊〉 Broom flowers p. ij make a Decoction in which dissolve Confectio Hamech ʒ j. ss Diasenna ʒ ij syrup of Violets ʒ vj. or ◠j. make it into a Potion Catholicum also is usefull to purge Melancholy Catholicum polychrestum est for being universally commodious to purge any noxious humour it easily accommodates it self to those wherewith it is mixed as if it be mixed with Rhabarb it purges Choler if diluted in the decoction of Senny o◠mixed with the confection of Hamech it purges Melancholy CHAP. IV. Of Juleps THE acception of Julep and Syrup with the Arabians is almost one and the same for they confound them together and speak of them under the same head or Chapter understanding nothing more by an absolute Julep than Sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted to the consistency of a Syrup But we speaking more distinctly treat of them both but in several Chapters and Books to wit of Syrups which should be inspissated by a longer coction in our Officine but of Juleps which should be but lightly cocted and presently assumed in this our Book of Medicinal Receipts Now Julep is a Persian word Julep quid signifying a sweet Potion which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they make it of any distilled dulcorate water as of Syrups of the juice or decoction of Simples elixated with Sugar or Honey to a more crass consistency Serapio that he might eschew the insuavity of all odour and sapour confected a Julep or rather Hydrosacharum of Water and Sugar onely which he calls a simple Syrup Avicenna to conciliate more suavity adds thereto a third part of Rose-water Mesue
been dissolved an Apozeme for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to fervefy Apozema quid unde dicatur or decoct and an Apozeme is onely used for the thin decoction of hearbs Now the whole matter of Apozemes is from plants of whose water juleps are made and of whose decoction Apozems and Syrups amongst which there is this difference that juleps are tenuious Apozematum materia Julepi syrupi apozemata quomodo differunt syrups crasser and Apozemes in the mean all dulcorated either with sugar or honey or both and according to their different consistency more or lesse cocted The ancients used sweet water wherein they had cocted the leaves of some plants instead of Apozemes as many now a dayes do the broath of green hearbs altered with some mixture For the vertue of hearbs is as well left in chickens broath by elixation as in simple water and these alterative broaths are both cheaper and more gratefull than Apozemes yet a sicke man may use both receiving broath made of fit hearbs by the Physicians advice from a Cook that knowes nothing further than a pan or spit and Apozemes prepared with prudence and industrious Artifice from the Apothecary not for nutriment as the broath but calefaction frigefaction humectation siccation apertion or some such mutation and therefore sometimes roots or other parts of bitter or insuave hearbs are taken purged and cocted in a sufficient quantity of water being usefull for that purpose and an Apozeme made for many or few doses according to the quantity of the decoction our of the broath percolated dulcorated with sugar or honey and if need be aromatized with Sanders or Cinamon These Apozemes are not onely made in Summer while hearbs are fresh but in Winter also when either none or onely arid ones can he had though then indeed the use of syrups is more frequent which differ from Apozemes onely in coction which should be more valid in syrups that are more crasse and durable than in Apozemes in Winter and Apozemes to Syrups in Summer whereby so that syrups are Vicegerents to Apozemes it seemes two names denote one thing but in Syrups a greater quantity of sugar is requisite to wit the weight of the whole decoction in Apozemes various as sometime the third sometimes the fourth part of sugar or honey to the weight of the decoction for it is sufficient if you put to every pound of the decoction one quadrant that is three ounces of sugar or syrup or at most a trient that is four ounces But when the sapour of the liquour is very ingratefull the weight of the sugar must be augmented and when the Apozeme is made it must be despumed and purged with the white of eggs Apozemes are variously confected according to their severall purposes An opening Apozeme as to remove obstructions thus â„ž The Roots of Asparagras Butchers Broome Saccory Liquorish Raisons stoned of each â„¥ ss of the leaves of Maidenhaire Agrimony Pimpinell Topps of Hopps Mugwort of each m. ss topps of Hysop p. ij The three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle these in lb. ij ss of water till halfe be cousumed adde to the colature Syrup of Maidenhaire or sugar â„¥ iiij fiat Apozema for foure doses Another to moderate and asswage the fervour of Choller thus â„ž Of the Roots of Succory Wood-sorrell Sorrell of each â„¥ ss Liquorish An Apozeme against choller Currands of each Ê’ iij. Endive Succory Dandilyon Wood-sorrell Fumitory Lettice Purslane of each m. j. White Roses m. ss or the three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and in the colature dissolve Syrup of the juice of Wood-sorrell or Lemmons or Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij aromatize it with yellow SandersÊ’ ss for foure doses CHAP. VII Of Gargarismes GAROARISMES are instituted to the diseases and affections of the Mouth Gumms Palate and throat whose faculty according to Celsus cap. 23. lib. 5. is either levative or repressive or evocative Creame or milk of Barly leviate water wherein lentills or roses or black berryes or quinces or dates have been cocted represses And Mustard Pepper or such sharpe Medicaments evoke But Gargarismes in Actuarius his judgement Cap. 6. lib. 3. Method Medend should not be confected hereof without the admixtion of some sweet things least they should too much offend the gust For when the liquor hausted to the Gurgulio is again revoked to wash the whole concavity of the mouth if it be too sharp it will with its mordacity offend the gustative organs Therefore the sharp simples whereof Gargarismes are confected are either mixed with Hydromel or simple water wherein the syrup of Stecados dry Roses or other such sweet decoction hath been dissolved in such quantity as to abate much of their acrimony or amaritude To educe flegme from the brain or jawes make a Gargarisme thus â„ž PellitoryÊ’ ij Cypress root and Turbith of eachÊ’ iij. A Oargarisâ—â—â— to purge Phlegme from the Braine Elecampane â„¥ j. Tops of Origanum Hysop and Sage of each m. j. boyle them in a pinte and half of water till a third part be consumed in the colature mixe Oximel simplex â„¥ iij. fiat Gargarisma or thus â„ž Liquorish Carthamus seed an â„¥ ss Bay berryes Stavesacre of eachÊ’ iij. Mustard seed white peper an Ê’ ij Galangal Ê’ j. staechados Betony an m. ss boyle them in Hydromel pro Gargarizatu To roborate the mouth and deterge its collutions make one thus A cleanfing Gargarismâ— â„ž The leaves of the Prune tree tops of Bryers Plantaine Jewscare red Roses an m. j. balaustians tops of Mirtles of each m. ss Barley Berberies of each â„¥ ss boyle them in two pintes of water till half be consumed to the colature add the syrup of dryed Roses of mulherryes of each â„¥ ij mingle them This following Gargarisme conduces to the cure of the French disease in the throat or other part of the mouth â„ž Of Guaicum â„¥ j. Sarsaperilla Sasafras A Gargarisme for an Ulcer in the throat of each â„¥ ss lignum LentisciÊ’ iij. boyle them in two pintes of water till a third part be consumed adding towards the end of the coction LiquorishÊ’ vi Roses Sage and Rosmary of each p. j. with the colature often wash the throat Gargarismes may be used at any time especially in the morning and betwixt meales but they should be new continually for by long keeping they corrupt and rather harme than heale the mouth CHAP. VIII Of Emulsions AS one disease may be cured by many and different Medicaments so may one Medicament cure many and different diseases as the same called by the later Medicks an emulsion which may be accomodated to many uses for it conduces much to the mitigating the griefes of the heart and lungs to the conciliating of sleep to the refrigerating of immoderate heat to the asswaging of the Urines acrimony and extinguishing the ardour of the reins They
therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs â„ž An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched â„¥ j. Pine kernells not rancid â„¥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with â„¥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine â„ž To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachÊ’ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea â„¥ iij. forÊ’ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes â„ž Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachÊ’ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachÊ’ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made â„ž Of Almonds blanched â„¥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addÊ’ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amâ—gdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetiâ—e usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia â„ž The best Barley well purified â„¥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureÊ’ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day
make it up into a paste but know that if you put a little too much syrup to it you will make its consistence more liquid and so instead of paste make an opiate CHAP. XVII Of Mazapane MAzapane or Marchypane is a confection so named by the more recent which is a most frequent junket for it is most gratefull to the gust and nourishes very much wherefore it is prescribed to the macilent and such persons as are vexed with any preternaturall affection in the breast or Lungs Many bechicall and sweet ingredients go to this confection as sugar pistack-nutts pine-kernells and other sweet fruits which brayed and accurately subacted with simple or rose-water become a masse whereof wafers or morsells Marcipanis quibus constet as Rondelet calls them are concinnated which are gently cocted in an Oven till of red they become yellow and acquire a competent hardnesse The vulgar manner of this confecture with the dulciaryes is most simple as being made onely of Almonds rose-rose-water and sugar But Apothecaries by a Physicians advice adde something to these which hath respect to some one part which tempers some noxious humour and by its nutritive as well as Medicinall faculty preserves as well as resartiates sanity The most usuall and pleasant confection of Mazapane is this ℞ Sweet Almonds decorticated ℥ iij. Pistakes ℥ j. Marcipanis optimus bruise them very well in a morter with a little rose-Rose-water add thereunto the finest sugar lb ss fiat pasta which you may make into what forme you please Marchepane after this manner is usuall also and very accomodate to expell flatuosity ℞ Pistakes ℥ j. blanched Almonds ℥ ij Anifeseedʒ i. Cinamon ℈ i. after they are finely beaten add of the finest loafe sugar four ounces and so make it up into a paste which if by too much water it be too liquid let it fervefy in a bason on a slow fire till it be more crasse then make Marchpane which dry a little in the Oven after bread hath been extracted Those little long masses of bread which are confected of flower and thrice or four times as much sugar with a little Coriander Panis biscoctus and a small portion of eggs subacted together may by some affinity be referred hither which they commonly call Biskakes But I would not put my sickle into another mans harvest therefore I will leave these sweet breads to the confectioners CHAP. XVIII Of Piniolates or Pignolates ANother kind of paste is made almost after the same manner which the Neotericks call Piniolate or Pignolate because it s made of Pine kernells cleansed and immerged in melted sugar and cocted to the consistency of condite sugar But that the Pine kernells may depose all their rancour they should be macerated a whole day or half at least in water and Rose-water should be dropt into the confection for so it will be more gratefull to the gust as also to the smell if a grain of Muske be mixed therewith as we see in many junketts which are set at the head of the table the most usuall forme of confecting pineolates is this ℞ Of the finest sugar dissolved and cocted in Rose water till it be about the consistency of an Electuary lb ss mingle with ℥ ii of Pine kernells infused in water for the space of twelve houres afterward stir them together with a spatula that the whole masse may be subigated in the end add mosch ℈ i. and so make a paste whereof you may make Cylinders which repose and exsiccate on a paper that they may grew harder CHAP. XIX Of Pandalea THere is another kind of solid paste called Pandaleon which is by Rondeletius prescribed to the affections of the breast and lungs for it consists of many things that attenuate and coct viscid humours and move expectoration and all Pandaleas seem to be bechicall nothing differing from pectorall Ecclegmes and syrups save in consistency nor from solid Electuaryes save in externall forme for they are compounded made and cocted after the same manner onely solid Electuaries are harder and are rolled out into quadrate or long figures and Pandaleas are kept whole in a woodden box as conserves in a glasse or earthen vessell and when use calls for them they are cut with a spoon or knife and a piece thereof given to be retained in the mouth like so much Alphenix or bechicall Tablets that it may melt and go down like a lohoch It hath the same consistency and is kept in the like vessells as those same sugared confections or comfitures usuall and frequent in Spain which they call Marmelades They are made commonly of some sweet powder and sugar perfectly concocted in some convenient water that they may concrete Some conserves are sometimes added and a little honey if need require and such a Pandalcon how ever displeasing it may be to some mens palate is very good and is thus confected ℞ Pul Diaireos Salomonis ʒ i. diatrag frigid ℈ ii powder of yellow Sanders ℈ i. sugar dissolved in coltsfoot-Coltsfoot-water ℥ iiij fiat Pandaleon which keep in Marmalet Boxes Some also make a Pandalcon of Pine kernells or Almonds decorticated and brayed with sugar or honey thus ℞ Pine kernells well cleansed and bruised ℥ i. Penidees ℥ ss clarified honey as much as will suffice to make it up into a sollid paste or Pandalcon CHAP. XX. Of Hypoglottidian Medicaments commonly called sublingues THe cough and stinch of breadth molest all that are neere us seeing the cough affronts their ears and the stinch their noses now certain bechicall and Aromaticall pastilles will cure both affections which from their round and long forme which Apothecaries put them in and that same quality which is predominant in them whereby they expectorate the humour causing coughing are called bechicall from the manner of their use Hypoglottidian and from the odour which they acquire by Mosche Moschardine Medicaments They are very pleasant which are thus confected ℞ Of the finest sugar ℥ j. ss Penidees ℥ ss orrisʒ ss yellow Sanders Cinamon of each ℈ i. mosch ℈ ss with musiladg of Gum Thragants made in Rose water make them up into a paste of which forme any figure long round or what will lye most conveniently under the tongue The description is both easy and good ℞ Sugar of Roses ℥ ii sugar Candy ℥ i. starchʒ i. spec diacinamon diamisi and orris of each ℈ i. mace ℈ ss Zivet gr vi with the musiladge of Gum Thraganth made in Balme water fiant Hypoglottides CHAP. XXI Of Tables or Tabuletts TAbells pertaine to solid Electuaries yea they are very Electuaryes being confected of powders and sugar perfectly cocted that their consistency may be harder and they longer and more securely preserved without damage and impairement The like quantity of sugar is required in confecting tables Sacchari quantitas in tabellis as of honey in liquid electuaries and in both the quantity is augmented or substracted as the validity or imbecillity of the
crass than others serve to make Arbours in Gardens and whose clusters are as big as Olives whereof when mature scarce any good wine can be confected but very good Omphacium when they are immature as at the latter end of Summer or a little before Vintage time Oil educed out of immature Olives is from its affinity in sapour to this Omphacium called Omphatical Oil. CHAP. V. Of Sugar SUgar was unknown to the Antients which is now so copious that to say a Pharmacopoly without Sugar were more than an * * * Ironiâ— Irony Yet it doth not fall from Heaven like dew nor is it gathered of Plants leaves as some have thought who look onely at the name but it is got of an arundinaceous Plant which grows not onely in India but in many places of Asia and Africa and now in some Gardens in France but it scarcely escapes secure from the Winters tempests This sacchariferous Plant is about eight foot high very crass Planta saccharifera knotty obduced on every side with long strait and twined leaves hollow sappy and stuffed within with plenty of sweet juice which will distill down the cut cane like Amber whose pith or sap being severed from the cane by a knife and cocted on the fire will turn all into Sugar save a little Salt at the bottome of the vessel Its roots emulate the roots of our Cane but they are not so ligneous but more succulent and sweet from which some sprigs erupt which if pulled up and transplanted in due time will grow and flourish It bears hairy flowers like our reeds which one thing is enough to shew that it is a reed The juice extracted from it and but once cocted is not sufficiently elaborate but is red and thence called brown Sugar by some Sugar-froth which when it is cocted longer and more defecated will be white and is called Sugar absolutely There comes Sugar from Madara and Canary which is extraordinary white which as much excells the other in worth as it doth in candour yet some Negotiators bring some a little duller which is as good as the other But many adulterate Madarensian Sugar by washing common Sugar with lixive cocting it again and absterging the nigritude from off it by which means they make it exceeding white but not so sweet and gratefull Sugar-Candy is thus made of common Sugar Sacâ—arum candum quomâ—do fiat Let the Sugar be melted with a little water and elixated like a crass syrup which inject into an earthen pot wherein wooden sticks are put lattice-wise and cross one over another set the pot on a board in a hot place where leave it for the space of fifteen or twenty dayes then pour out the syrup that is not concreted and pour in a little warm water to wash off the fatness of the syrup which again pour out and repose the vessel in a hot place take it on the morrow and break it and you shall finde the sticks laden with Sugar-Candy shining like Crystal There is another kinde of Sugar not so white Powder-sugar nor yet so crass as the former which is partly pulverated partly redacted to more crass lumps which the vulgar call Cassonade or Castonade which is not onely used in Kitchins but also in Shops That which is brought us from far Countryes is turbinated pyramidal-wise and commonly called Sugar-loaf which is less cocted and less obdurate than Candy and so less calid and more accommodate to obdulcorate Condiments Broths and other Aliments for Sugar abates acrity retunds acidity gratifies austerity and makes all sapours more suave Whence not onely Confectioners but Bakers and Cooks frequently use Sugar for no delicate Dish comes 〈◊〉 the Table that doth not participate of Sugar for if Water Wine Fruits Flesh Fish or other Edibles or Potables be nauscated the mixture of a little Sugar will make them current All Sugar is moderately hot Vires conducible to the roughness of the tongue asperity in the breast and to the cough it moves spittle but hurts the teeth for it effects nigritude mobility and rubiginyâ—â— them CHAP. VI. Of Honey AThenaus writes that the Cyrians Inhabitants of Corstea are therefore long-lived because they daily use Honey And Democritus being asked how a man might preserve his life long in sanity answered by anointing his interiour parts with Honey his exteriour with Oil Gal. c. 11. l. de atten vict rat For Honey being most sweet propagates most tenuious juice And c. 8. l. 2. de facult nat begets in old men special good blood in young and bilious men much choler for according to Actuarius c. 8. l. de spir anim mot that which is sweet in Honey must needs be choler in the body And this mutation is very facile because Honey according to Paul c. 4. l. 1. de synops Oribas l. 5. collect calefies and exsiccates in the second degree and hath a kinde of Acrimony conjoyned with its sweetness for that is the best Honey which participates of these two to wit of sweetness and acrimony Gal. c. 17. l. de antidot new Wine expressed from sweet Grapes and cocted to the half or thirds though it be not much inferiour to Honey in sweetness yet like water it is obtuse and no way vellicates the sense Honâ—â— alone is a Compound of it self for it is collected of the juices of many herbs and flowers and is profitable to all ages but especially to old men and such as are of a cold constitution 〈◊〉 chiefly in winter time for where it meets with much calour there it turns into choler Galen c. 5. l. 1. de alim fac Historia notanda derides the concertation of two men the one whereof affirmed Honey to be wholsome the other unwholsome both conjecturing from the effect it had wrought in themselves but neither of them understood that man kept not one temperament from the beginning to the term of his life nor yet if the temperament had been one that the decurse of years would work some change in it for the one of them was old and flegmatick the other young and cholerick Now Honey according to Galen c. 177. l. de simpl med Mel quid is the juice of Celestial Dew collected by Bees for every Aliment is desumed either from Animals or Plants Honey is from neither for it arises from the leaves or flowers of Plants Vnde fiat and yet it is not their juice nor fruit nor any part thereof but the same with Dew c. 38. l. 3. de alim fac and yet not so copious nor assiduous Yet something from Plants tends to its benignity or malignity Orib c. 62. l. 2. collect for that is poysonous which is collected of poysonous Plants as Wolfs-bane Paul Egin c. 52. l. â— that bitter which is brought out of Pontus where great store of Wormwood abounds That Honey is best which in colour is pale Mel optimum in consistency neither crass nor concrete nor
use them wholly or some part or excrement of them to the curation of our diseases nutrication of our bodies or instauration of our strength for Musk and Givet though excrements wonderfully roborate the heart and spirits Insects are integrally usurped such as be Spanish-Flyes Asels Worms Lizards Ants Vipers Scorpions Frogs Crabs Swallows and some littles Birds The Medicinal parts of Animals are many as a mans scull unburied a Harts heart-bone Sparrows and Hares brains Boars and Elephants teeth Frogs hearts Foxes Lungs Goats Livers Wolves intestines Beavers and Cocks testicles Hogs bladders Harts genitals Serpents skins Mans Hogs Gooses Sheeps Ducks Badgers Conies Goats Snakes and Land-Snakes fat Harts Calves and Goats marrow Mans Stock-Doves and Goats blood all Milk and all that comes of it as Whey Cheese and Butter Hens Partridges and Ants eggs Honey Wax Propolis Harts Does and Unicorns horns Elkes Oxes and Goats Cleyes Oysters Margarites and many fishes shells And seeing excrements have their Medicinal vertues Pharmacopolists must also have them in keeping as Goats Dogs Storks Peacocks and Stock-Doves dung Sheeps grease Silk Musk Civet and the hairs of some Animals And that I may briefly complect all all the simple Medicaments we have described in our three Books of Medicinal matter are necessary for a Pharmacopolist CHAP. 35. Of Compound Medicaments to be kept in Pharmacopolies VVHen the Pharmaceutrical Art was not yet reducted to an Art nor any Medicaments save a few described or digested into order then what compounds should be retained and what rejected was not determinable Nicolaus Praepositus indeed described many Medicaments some whereof he himself disapproves of others he transcribed not faithfully and others he depraved by changing something in them so that from his writings we cannot conjecture what to keep or what not Nic. Alexandrinus heaps up such a mole of Medicaments that they would rather puzzle then help an Apothecary Actuarius also Aetius and Oribasius describe many which consisting of unknown and rare Simples are found either inept or neglected as indued with no eximious qualities Amongst the latter Writers Ferneleus Sylvius and Rondeletius have diligently examined the Medicaments invented by the Ancients and have rejected some as inconcinnate others they have proved illustrated and commended as invented by riper Judgements and indued with Nobler faculties I have diligently selected the most excellent from learned men and the most approved from old and expert men and of them extracted my Pharmaceutrical shop or Antidotary orderly composed into six books wherein all the approved troop of Alterative Purgative and Roborative Medicaments are described which being used either by intrinsecal assumption or extrinsecal adhibition I have exhibited those to be introsumed if Alteratives in form either of syrupes or sapes or conserves or eclegms if Purgatives either in the form of a liquid Electuary or a solid one or Trochisks or Pills if Roboratives either in form of a powder or an opiate confection or of Pastils those to be extraneously adhibited either in form of an Oyl or an Unguent or a salve All which receipts and forms of Medicaments we have exhibited in distinct Books and Chapters described in a good method wherein all the Medicaments are contained wherewith Pharmacopolies should be furnished and guarded He shall require no more neither can he be well furnished with fewer who desires well to cure the several affections of mans body The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FIRST BOOK Of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments Distinguished into eight SECTIONS The first whereof describes onely Syrupes selected and approved by long use THE PREFACE HOw necessary a Method is in delivering of Disciplines I think is well known to any moderately-learned man For without a method there is no certain rule neither for Learner or Teacher to walk by but with this Arts are more firmly established their Theorems more optably read and easily learned Yet you shall scarce finde two who in writing Antidotaries have kept in one rode or disposed their Compounds in one order Some preposterously propose Nic. Praepositus for their example who himself imitating one Nic. Alexandrinus out of whose Works he excerpted those his Works he calls Joan. Agricol Ammonius and M. Tatius Alpin went on Alphabetically treating first of those Medicaments which begun with the letter A then with the letter B and so he spoke promiscuously of the Antidotes Acetum Scylliticum and Amylum Sylvius Fernelius and Joubertus of the later Writers have assayed by certain Laws and Rules to establish an orderly and duly-disposed method yet they much dissent among themselves and what one of them approves another disapproves yet all think that order is best which curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * * * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I
think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate spissitude It allayes the heat of the intrails Vires attenuates cold and crass humours educes hot ones it conduces to the Jaundies Leprosie and all diseases caused by obstructions CHAP. 5. Syrupus Rosarum Pallid or Syrupe of Damask Roses â„ž of Damask Roses fresh lb vj. infuse them eight hours in a close vessel in lb xv of warm Water afterwards express the flowers and let the same quantity be again infused and this repeated nine times and to the Colature adde an equal weight of Sugar to the infusion and so Boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some put not so much sugar to it but coct it longer till it grow thick and then it is more purgative but less grateful to the palate many following Mesues advice keep the first though twice-iterated infusion in a glass well operculated putting Oyl upon it and insolating it forty days and they call this maceration of Roses not expressed but infused Mucharum Rosarum But lest some should judge us unmindeful of our purpose because promising to treat here onely of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments we have adjoyned syrupe of Roses which is absolutely Purgative we Answer that we describe the most usual syrupes in the same order that the season of the year gives them not remitting the Purgative which are very few till we treat of such Medicaments besides these that do purge they do it so ignavely that they are rather Preparatives then Purgatives It is alterative and Hydragogous for it tempers hotter humours Vires educes watry ones from very remote parts if it be taken in great quantity when it is new made it is more Purgative when older less it may safely be given to old men and children CHAP. 6. Syrupe of Hispidula or Aelurope vulgarly called Cats-foot â„ž of the tops of the flowers of Cats-foot lb j. infuse them a whole night and day in warm water lb v. afterwards Boyl them gently upon a small fire till lb iiij of the Colature remains to which adde Sugar lb iij. and so boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY It is fure enough that this syrupe hath been but of late use for they of our age invented it and being imboldened by much experience approved of it Joannes Gonerius a Parisian Apothecary and perite Medick first made it at Paris who
seeing the Plant whereof it was made coming from the Turenian fields sought and found great plenty of it in fields near Paris and of them he made his syrupe annually not borrowing elswhere It is variously called to wit Hispudula Guaphilium Coronario Aelurope or Cats-foot and improperly Harts-foot This syrupe is multifariously made and yet none hath hitherto published its confections some onely take the summities of the Plant or its Down and macerate them in water others take its flowers and leaves to whom I easily assent for thus it becomes more astrictive and more convenient to stay fluxes others adde to its decoction Liquorice Jujubs Raisins Barley and other bechical matters But this description we have exhibited is most usual whereunto if we adde half a pound of rosaceous sugar its quality will be more bechical and cordial and its sapour more gracious The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further dilucidation then that which is in its perspicuous description if no Plant but the dry one can be got then its quantity must be less and the waters greater This syrupe is eximious against many affections of the Lungs for Vires Aelurope or Hispudula being a vulnerary Plant and astrictive it doth not onely cure wounds and hinder Ulcers but heal many other vices It is most convenient for such as have fluxes descending into their breast or have their Lungs infarciated with much pituitous humours for it cohibits the violence of the falling humour cocts the flux roborates the part affected and moves expectoration CHAP. 7. Syrupus Papaveris simp or The Simple Syrupe of Poppy Mes â„ž of the heads of white and black Poppy of each â„¥ xij ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-Rain-water and to lb j. of the Colature adde Sugar and Penidees of each â„¥ vj. or lb ss and so boyl them into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this syrupe Simple in reference to the more compound whose confection hath many lenitives as the seeds of Lettice Mallows Quinces Jujubs Maidens-hair also and Liquorice ingrede whereunto if need be Fernelius would have syrupe of Violets or Jujubs to make up this simple syrupe he advises also to adde less of black Poppy because its use is not safe and augment the quantity of the white To which assertion Joubertus assents against Rondeletius and prescribes forty dragms of the black to eighty of the white Vulgar Apothecaries call this Syrupe Diacodium but imperitely for Diacodium is reposed among the Opiates yet one may supply the defect of the other when sleep should be conciliated Poppies heads by Galens advice must be so long cocted after maceration till they be flaccid and marcid and not till the third or fourth part of the water be left for we cannot express their succe but when they are marcid and therefore it is in vain to coct them longer Rain-water is the best in defect whereof we may use fountain-water if it be limpid insipid and void of qualities and therefore the water conducted in leaden pipes must not be accepted because there is mud in them and hence he that drinks the dregs of such water will be overtaken with the Dysentery though in other cases they be wholesome The Ancients Diacodium was made in form of an Opiate and very ungrateful for it admitted of no sugar but many insuave and it is probable useless things it is not now made but in its stead this syrupe made of the decoction of Poppies heads and sugar which many call improperly Diacodium Syrupe of Poppy conciliates sleep Vires mitigates the temper of the cholerick humour and allayes the Cough it becomes more bechical by the access of Penidia which the Arabians call Alphenicum because of its whiteness for it is a most white confection of sugar so long cocted in the decoction of Barley till it acquires a ductile consistence and may be handled ducted and formed with ones hands into Pastils and Rowls intorted like ropes CHAP. 8. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici or Syrupe of Red-Poppy â„ž of the infusion of Red-Poppies twice or thrice reiterated lb ij Sugar lb j. ss Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Some contend that this syrupe should be made of more infusions but two or three are sufficient for in so poriferous Medicaments no intenseness of faculties are requisite moreover so many infusions will make the colour and sapour of the syrupe more ingrateful The proportion of water to the sugar is the same in this with that in syrupe of Roses None of the Ancients spoke of this syrupe of Poppy but the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but
Liquorice may be added for besides its sweetness it hath a quality like the capillaries yet some reject it because it makes the syrupe more flave but the quality and vertue must be more looked after then the colour The Parisian Apothecaries make it accurately according to the description here given and it is most eximiously Medicinal they that do otherwise mixing but a small quantity of capillaries and macerating them lightly make indeed a pellucid syrupe but both in colour and vertue aqueous and so defraud the Patient of his expectation and the Physician of his scope This is the most celebrated of Preparative syrupes Vires for it is very useful to oppugne all affections of the breast liver spleen reins uterus and to tenuate and prepare humours for it tempers and cocts choler incides phlegme makes the melancholical humour easie to be expurged yea often subduces the belly by much use it moves expectoration incides and cocts the humours contained in the Lungs and educes them by a second purge CHAP. 11. Syrupus capel Vener Monspelie or Syrupe of Monspelian Maidens-hair ℞ of Maiden-hair fresh and cut m.ij. infuse it twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl it a little clarifie the Colature and to lb v. thereof adde lb iiij of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is most frequently and simply compounded in the City Montpessier being onely made of the light decoction of true Maidens-hair clarified and sugar cocted to the consistence of a syrupe For thus it is most grateful both in colour and sapour and yet that is more grateful to the palate which admits of Rose-water which is adjected by the Court-Apothecaries that they may by guile rather then science gain their Princes and Nobles grace and get their money by subtilty It is of affine qualities but more imbecile then that which admits of all the Capillaries and Liquorice for it is more ignave in inciding and attenuating the humours and opening the passages and that is most imbecile which admits of Rose-water Vires for its faculty being somewhat astrictive reluctates with those of the Capillaries CHAP. 12. Syrupus de quinta radicibus or Syrupe of the five opening roots ℞ of the root of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers broom Asparagrass of each ℥ iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till it comes to lb iiij adde thereunto as much Sugar as will make it up into a Syrupe according to art The COMMENTARY The roots must be first cleansed then washed cut in pieces their middle cut out and rejected then brayed and cocted some would have the coction made in eight pounds of water cocted to five whereunto when strained and clarified they adde four pound of Sugar which manner and proportion I approve of Some would have some Vinegar added to the decoction that its incisive faculty may be augmented but when use calls for it it may be diluted in some attenuating opening or other fit liquour as the Medicks scope requires Some make it onely of two roots to wit Petroseline and Fennel roots but seeing it is less efficacious and the other roots easily attainable it is better to make it with five roots and then they shall not need that which is made of two But if one more studious of curiosity then necessity would rather have it of two let him take of Petroseline and Fennel-roots each four ounces coct them in a sufficient quantity of water and adde to two pounds of the colature two pounds of Sugar and make a syrupe It incides and attenuates crass and glutinous humours Vires diduces the passages removes obstructions expels Urine moves fluors ejects sand and emends the foetid colour of Virgins and the Jaundies CHAP. 13. Syrupus de Althea or Syrupe of Marshmallows Des Fer. ℞ of the roots of Marshmallows ℥ ij red Licers ℥ i. of the roots of Grass Asparagrass Liquorice Raisins stoned of each ℥ ss the tops of Marsh-mallowes Mallowes Pellitory Pimpinel Plantain both the Maiden-hairs of each m j. of the four greater and lesser coole seeds of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb vj. of water till four remain and with lb iij. of Sugar make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The use of this syrupe is much celebrated in Paris both for its eximious faculties and its Authors dignity to whom posterity is much engaged for his illustration of the Medicinal Art and for those many Medicaments wherewith he hath furnished Apothecaries shops Syrupe of Althea is most useful to sanative Medicks its preparation is thus The roots must first be purged and washed then cocted afterwards the Liquorice must be cocted for by long coction it grows bitter then the herbs and afterwards the seeds be made in water to the dissipation of its third part Why liquorice must not be long boyled for longer coction makes the decoction more viscid all the Simples whereof it consists are dilucidly explicated in the first Book of Medicinal Matter This syrupe expurges crass and pituitous matters Qualitates takes away obstructions impels the sand in the Reins and abates the heat of Urine CHAP. 14. Syrupus de Cichor comp cum Rhaeo or Syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb Des Nic. Florent ℞ of the roots of Smallage Fennel Asparagrass Barley whole of each ℥ ij The herbs of Succory Dandilyon Endive smooth Sowthistle of each ℥ ij both the Lettices Liverwort Fumatory Hops an m.j. both the Maiden-hairs Wall-rue Ceterach Liquorice Winter-cherries the seeds of Dodder of eachʒ vj. Boyl these in lb xij of water or a sufficient quantity till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde lb vj. of Sugar which boyl up to a Syrupe and in the boyling to every pound of the Syrupe adde of Rhabarb ℥ ss and Spikenard ℈ iiij tyed up in a rag and hung in the Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nicolaus Praepositus whom most Apothecaries have as president doubles the quantity of Rhabarb prescribed eight times and addes four ounces of Rhabarb to every pound of syrupe so that for every ounce of syrupe there are four dragms of Rhabarb and thus it is made all over Paris That it may be exhibited when use calls for it without delay some onely quadruplicate or triplicate the quantity This so ample quantity of Rhabarb displeases Fernelius Joubertus and others as being of no utility but much loss who think that it were more profitable when use calls for it to infuse some Rhabarb in a convenient decoction and mix it with the syrupe because its purgative faculty perishes by coction and asservation Yet they act prudently that make it with eight times as much Rhabarb though its faculties be more imbecile yet it hath other qualities thereby bettered The syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb is alliotical Qualitates roborative and purgative it allayes the heat of the intrails demulceates the acrimony of choler opens the veins takes away obstructions roborates the liver
gently purges the stomack and uppâ—r region of the body educes hot and pituitous humours if it be assumed in great quantity it helps in all bilious diseases and it may be given safely to all ages and sexes That which is made without Rhabarb is called Simple syrupe though it admit of all the described Simples except Rhabarb and Spikenard But there is one farre more Simple made onely of the succe of Succory depurated and Sugar cocted to a legitimate spissitude Both of them are good for such as have hot livers stomacks and fevers and such as labour under the ardour of bowels and obstructions CHAP. 15. Syrupus de Endivia simplex or the Simple Syrupe of Endive â„ž of the Juyce of Endive clarified lb viij of white Sugar lb v. boyl them into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some conceive that this syrupe should be made of the succe of wilde Succory and Sugar others will rather have it of Endive because it is more refrigerative and not so bitter in other qualities they agree But seeing Intubus is the genus to all the differences of sative Succory as Endive and Broadleaf The syrupe may be made of each succe without discrepance and yet be called the Simple syrupe of Endive or Intubus nay some in a larger acceptation call it Syrupe of Succory there being so much affinity both in form and faculty betwixt the sorts of Succory and Intubus that each may be used for other without any manifest errour It mitigates the ardour of the Liver Vires extinguishes the heat of Fevers and obtunds Choler CHAP. 16. Syrupus de Fumar. simpl or The Simple Syrupe of Fumatory â„ž of the juyce of Fumatory clarified lb ij ss Sugar lb ij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of the syrupe of Fumatory the one more compound consisting of more ingredients the other less consisting onely of the succe of Fumatory and Sugar The first being hard to make they often put to young Apprentices at Paris to try their ingeny and a syrupe prepared of those Simples which are described in its form is very insuave in odour and sapour and black of colour and therefore it cannot be an Alterative Medicament because ingrateful and ignave nor yet Purgative because inefficacious it is better therefore to keep the Simple syrupe in Pharmacopolies Now that it may be rightly made the succe of the Fumatory must be depurated in the sun when clarified mixed with an equal weight of sugar if the syrupe must be sweet if not less But when the Fumatory's amaritude would be ingrateful it must be dulcorated with more sugar Now Fumatory is a vulgar Plant whereof there are two sorts the one Hortensian and bulbous which is seldome used in Medicine the other equally growing in cultivated and incultivated fields of whose succe this syrupe is made It frees the Hypochondria from obstructions mitigates choler Vires prepares Melancholy succe and cures such Feavers as arise from the hot distemper of the Liver CHAP. 17. Syrupus de Fumaria major or The greater Syrupe of Fumatory D. Mes â„ž Mirobalan Citreor Chebul of each â„¥ ij ss of the flowers of Bugloss Borrage Violets the leaves of Wormwood Dodder of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss Epithymus Polypody of the Oak of eachÊ’ vij Prunes a hundred Raisins stoned lb ss Tamarinds Pulp Cassia of each â„¥ ij Boyl them a little in water from lb x. till lb iij. remains to the Colature of which adde of the Juyce of Fumatory clarified and white sugar of each lb iij. make it into a syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY But that I have seen this syrupe in many shops I should willingly have omitted it for many will reject it and think it not worth the description because of its sapour and colour Besides its description prescribes no order for its composition but it begins sometimes with Mirobolambs sometimes with Flowers sometimes with Plants leaves and sometimes with Roots and Fruits But that this composition may be rightly peracted first Polypody must be contunded and elixated whereunto when moderately cocted Prunes Raisins Wormwood Epithymum Binde-weed Roses and Liquorice must be added then all must boyl together till seven pounds of the water be absumed onely the flowers must be added a little before Sugar must be added to the Colature and all cocted to the consistency of a syrupe in the cocting the expressions of Cassia Tamarinds and Mirobolambs must be added and so the syrupe besides its other faculties will be Purgative It gently subduces the belly opens the passages Vires removes obstructions takes away all affections and vices of the skin arising from salt or adust humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus Buglossi Or Syrupe of Bugloss â„ž of the Juyce of Bugloss clarified lb vj. of the flowers of the same lb j. boyl them a little and to the Colature ad lb iiij of sugar boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe being easie to make and of eximious faculties may not be omitted That it may be duly made the brayed Bugloss must lie in a moist and cold place a whole night or a day then it must be calified and expressed for its succe being viscid will not otherwise be easily educed when it is expressed it must stand to subside Some contund the flowers of Bugloss and coct them a little in that succe when clarified others coct them in water and affund the colature with sugar upon the succe all which they coct to the consistence of a syrupe Some take onely the leaves others the roots of Bugloss but I hold the whole Bugloss more convenient Syrupe of Borrages succe is made after the same manner and works the same effects so that he that hath the one needs not the other It is good for such as are marcid with long grief and sadness Vires labour under the Hypochondriacal melancholy or splenatick affections CHAP. 19. Syrupus de succo Acetosae or Syrupe of the Juyce of Sorrel D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Sorrel depurated in the sun lb iij. white sugar lb ij Boyl them together and make it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most Simple of syrupes some make it after the same manner with the former others coct sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereunto they afterwards adde the depurated and percolated succe then fervefie the mixture till it attain the consistence of a syrupe But more frequently they coct purge and percolate the succe and mix it with clarified sugar which they coct to a syrupe but then its faculties are more imbecile This syrupe Vires according to Mesue its Authour abates bilious and pestilent fevers extinguishes the flammeous ardour of the heart and ventricles and contemperates the aestuating bowels CHAP. 20. Syrupus Acetatus simplex or The simple of Syrupe of Vinegar or Oxysacharum D. Mes â„ž of
the purest Sugar lb v. Fountain-water lb iiij boyl them together till half the water be consumed then adde white-wine Vinegar lb ij or 3 or 4 lb. according to the accidity required and so boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Though this syrupe may be made at any time yet we subjoyn it to the former because they have much affinity betwixt their faculties it is called Oxysacharum for the Vinegar and Sugar whereof it consists That it may be rightly made Mesue would have it cocted in Earthen Tinne or a Stone-vessel not Brass or Copper as some do some would have distilled Vinegar but its quality being very sharp it hurts the ventricle and nerves the common Vinegar is better and more accommodate whose various proportions the Authour may prescribe as the Medick would have it sharper or less sharp It refrigerates hot humours incides crass and viscid ones Qualitates attenuates and prepares them for expulsion it arceates putretude quenches thirst and allayes the inflammation of the bowels Myrepsus exhibits another simple syrupe of Vinegar whose use I approve of and it is thus described â„ž Vinegar â„¥ iiij Juyce of Pomegranates â„¥ viij sugar lb j. boyl it up to a fit consistency It is made as the former and both of them are called Simple syrupes in distinction to another more compound whose description Nic. Praepositus gives But seeing it is of rare or no use we shall omit it This incides crass humours moves and impels them if inherent Vires allays calid humours refrigerates the heat of the ventricle and liver and emends the corruption of the humours or any syrupe of Vinegar kills worms whether in the Intestines or in the Veins as I saw in one of Paris in whose basilical Vein was a worm of a palms length CHAP. 21. Syrupus de Byzant simp comp or The Syrupe of Dynari or the Byzantian Syrupe both Simple and Compound â„ž of the Juyce of Endive Smallage of each lb ij Hops Bugloss Borrage of each lb j. boyl them a little and clarifie them and to lb iiij of the Colature adde lb ij ss of sugar to make it up into a Syrupe The Compound you may thus confect â„ž of the aforesaid Juyces rightly clarified lb iiij in which boyl Rose-leaves â„¥ ij Liquorice â„¥ ss the seeds of Annis Fennel and Smallage of eachÊ’ iij. spikenardÊ’ iij. strain it and adde Vinegar lb ij the whitest sugar lb ij ss or lb iij. boyl them according to Art to the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Both the syrupes are usually made but he may omit the Simple one that makes the Compound as also the Compound syrupe of Vinegar for it will supply the want of both The Arabians call it Dynari because it purges the Ureters not from Denarium a piece of Money as some think neither can I credit Bern Dessennius who saith That this Name was invented by an inept and covetous fellow who by Dynari portended some sum of Money It is called the Byzantian syrupe from Byzantium or Constantinople where it is very frequent or was invented or else because Mesue had its description from some Byzantian Medick This syrupe opens Vires incides and attenuates it frees the Liver from obstructions as also the Spleen and Mesentery it helps the Jaundies moves fluors and cures Fevers which arise from viscid humours CHAP. 22. Syrupus de Moris comp or The compounded Syrupe of Mulberries â„ž of the Juyce of Mulberries not altogether ripe lb ss of the Juyce of red Black * * * Before they be ripe berries honey despumed of each lb j. ⸪ Wine boyled to a good consistence sapa â„¥ iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY As in stead of Diacodium which was made in form of an Opiate we use now the simple syrupe of Poppies so in stead of Diamorum the syrupe of Mulberries to whose confection some now adde the succe of Rassberries and of Straw-berries thus confecting it of three kindes of Berries others leave both out and sape also the succes must be cocted with honey to the consistence of a syrupe which is more dilute then Diamorum or Rob of Mulberries which is now seldome made most using this compound syrupe in its stead The simple syrupe of Mulberries also is very good which is made of 〈◊〉 succe and sugar whereunto if you adde a little Rose-watâ—â— It will be more grateful and efficacious in roborating and staying fluxes The compound syrupe cures the eroding Ulcers of the mouth Vires the affections of the teeth and gums the relaxation of the uvula or flesh in the orifice of the throat and all vices of the mouth It may be taken alone out of a spoon or diluted in some convenient decoction in form of a Gargarism CHAP. 23. Syrupus Ribes Berberis or Syrupe of Red-Currans or Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans or Berberries lb iiij sugar lb ij ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The vulgar French call this Grossula rubra the Moors Riben and the shop-men Ribes they are small round red fruits racemously coherent pregnant with much succe and small stones which tunded and pressed emit a succe which after clarification and colation must be mixed with sugar but the sugar must be added in less quantity to this then other cold succes because this succe will keep long without corruption and because by too much sugar its pergrateful acidity will be obtunded and the syrupe weakened Berberries succe must also be so extracted and so cocted with sugar into a syrupe Berberries is a word deduced from Avicenna's Amyrberis which Dodoneus makes Oxyacantha Syrupe of Ribes or Berberries stayes bilious vomiting Vires cures hot â—evers and Heart-aches quenches thirst and cohibits the immoderate Belly-flux CHAP. 24. Syr. de Agresta seu de Omphacio or The Syrupe of sowre Grapes â„ž of the Juyce of sowre Grapes depurated by residence lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them together to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue makes it as the syrupe of the succe of Citrons therefore he confects it of Omphacium and a Julep which is of water and sugar in a Tinne or Potters-vessel not in a brasen or copper one the Omphacium must first be cocted to the thirds then the sugar must be added which must first be cocted in thrice as much water and clarified then the mixture must be fervefied into tâ—â—â—nsistence of a fyrupe Some saith Mesue adde Cloves but 〈◊〉 are better left out Their custome is commendable who first coct sugar to the consistence of an Electuary whereunto they then adde the succe and coct them lightly into a syrupe whereinto they inject the succe of immature Grapes that it may be more acid This syrupe benefits the heart Vires stayes vomitings and the bilious flux of the Belly quenches thirst allayes the heat of the
Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart â—â—cates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious syrupe to whose confection Senny must first be a little brayed then macerated a whole natural day with Anise in the succes described afterwards once or twice fervefied and strained the expression strained and clarified must be cocted into a syrupe Saffron bound in a linen cloth may be cocted in it it took its name from Sabor King of the Medes for the conservation of whose sanity it was invented and instituted It recreates the vital spirits Vires exhilarates the mind contemperates and purges melancholick humours attenuates crass and viscid humours discusses flatuosity gently subduces the belly and purifies the blood CHAP. 29. Syrupus Myrtinus comp or the compound Syrupe of Myrtle â„ž of the berries of the Myrtle-tree â„¥ ij ss white Sanders * * * Rhois Culinariae red Sumach Pomgranate flowers Berberies red Roses of each â„¥ j. ss Medlars lb ss let these be bruised and boyled in lb viij of water till it come to lb iiij adde thereunto of the Juyce of Quinces and Pomgranates of each lb ij Sugar lb v. boyl it to a syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe holds its old composition wherein many astrictives are mixed together to supply the defect of Myrtle-berries which are very rare whereof if there were any plenty it were better to make the syrupe onely of their succe and Sugar Valerius Cordus mixes it with the succe of wild Apples Fernelius of acid Pomegranates which I like not It roborates the ventricle and bowels Vires abates the antiquate belly-flux prohibits the eruption of blood and the deflux of all humours from the head to the inferiour parts CHAP. 30. Syrupus Menthae simp comp or the simple and compound Syrupe of Mint D. Mes â„ž of the Juyces of Mint clarified sweet Pomegranates and sowre of each lb j. Sugar and Honey as much as will make it into a syrupe The Compound is thus made â„ž of the Juyces of sweet and dulcoacid Quinces of acid and dulcoacid Pomegranates of each lb j. ss Muzorum Acido-dulcium macerate in these for 24 hours dried Mint lb j. ss red Roses â„¥ ij boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde lb ij of sugar and in the boyling hang in a ragÊ’ ij of Gallia Moschata The COMMENTARY These syrupes by the consent of the Author may
be made either with Honey or Sugar but that is better and more suave which admits of Sugar whereof Fernelius addes twice the quantity to the succe but the more usual way of confecting the compound admits of onely two pounds of Sugar as Mesue hints who in his own idiome calls Dulcoacid and Semi-mature fruits Muzae that is pleasant for then their sapour arrides the stomack He that hath the compound needs not the simple But if the Mint be dry its quantity is greater for it is enough that one pound ten ounces be cocted in the succes and as much Sugar added to this Colature for it will be very insuave if made as Mesue describes it It roborates the ventricle hinders heart-aches vomiting Vires sighing and belly-flux but the more compounded is better SECT II. Of Syrupes which may be made at any time IN the first Section we described in order such Syrupes as should be confected in the Spring Summer and Autumn for the end of the precedent season being one with the beginning of the consequent those Syrupes which are made in the end of the Spring may as well be made in the beginning of Summer so that I would not disterminate the former Thirty Syrupes into exact Sections yet we have given their description in such order as the collection of the Simples required placing those first which are made of the first flowers of the Spring those last which are made of fruits in Autumn and those in the middle which are made of flowers roots succes and decoctions in Summer But in this Section we shall onely exhibit such as are or may be made in Winter or other seasons CHAP. 1. Syr. Rosar siccan or Syrupe of dry Roses D. Fernel ℞ of dryed * * * Red Roses Roses lb j. Infuse them 24 hours in hot boyling water lb iiij in the expression mix of the finest sugar lb ij boyl it up to the corsistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY Every one confects this syrupe after his own arbitration one while augmenting another while lessening the quantity of Roses sometimes iterating their maceration twice and sometimes oftner But no description can be more exact then this of Fernelius wherein is observed a due proportion of Roses to the water and of both to sugar and this syrupe confected with one maceration is all out as efficacious as any but red Roses must be selected not white or pale ones It stayes the belly-flux Vires roborates the internal parts gently deterges and agglutinates Ulcers asswages vomiting and cohibits Rheumatism CHAP. 2. Syrupus Reg. sive Alexand. c. or The Princely or Alexandrian Syrupe of old called The Julep of Roses ℞ of Damask rose-Rose-water lb iij. loaf-Loaf-sugar lb ij boyl it gently to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY He that considers this syrupe's perspicuity would with Mesue call it a Julep its consistence a Syrupe and its suavity a syrupe for Alexander or some Prince for both Kings and delicate persons delight to use it It is easie to make and may be made at any time and no Pharmacopoly can well be without it though our Ancestors knew not of it being not of skill to elicite Rhodostagme or Rose-water Mesue describes another Julep of Roses made of their infusion after which manner two syrupes may be made one of pale Roses which is purgative and another of dry ones but neither of them are justly called Juleps This syrupe is cordial bechical roborative and alterative Vires helping the breast liver ventricle thirst and all ardour CHAP. 3. Syrupus de Absinthio or Syrupe of Wormwood D. Mes ℞ of dryed Roman Wormwood lb ss Roses ℥ ij Spikenardʒ iij. old white-wine Juyce of Quinces of each lb ij ss macerate them a whole day upon hot embers afterwards boyl them till half be consumed and to the Colature adde clarified honey lb ij to make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Dry Pontian or Roman Wormwood must be taken and minutely incided that it may be infunded with Roses and Spikenard in generous Wine as Muskadine or the like in an Earthen vessel leaded 24 hours upon the hot ashes that done they must be fervefied once or twice afterwards honey or rather sugar must be added some make two sorts one of honey and vulgar wormwood the other of sugar and lesser wormwood Some make this syrupe of one half pound of green wormwood in three pounds of water cocted to the third adding to the colature clear generous and ancient white-wine and the best white honey of each one pound and coct them to the consistence of a syrupe Which-ever of these wayes it is made it is very ingrateful and thence many rightly diminish the quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel ℞ of the flowers of Stoecados ℥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each ℥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each ℥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each 〈◊〉 tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes ℞ of Liquorice scraped and bruised ℥ ij white Maiden-hair ℥ j. dryed Hyssop ℥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss rose-Rose-water ℥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which
some disallow of because the syrupe is confected for purgation and the Rose-water is astrictive to whose opinion Joubertus subscribing substitutes the water of the infusion of Roses as less astrictive but this water is therefore commixed that the syrupe may thereby participate of an astrictive quality and assumed in the beginnings of diseases stay the fluent humours and coct such as have delabed The infusion may be desumed for want of the water but not as less astrictive This syrupe consists not onely of simple but compound Medicaments to wit of Penidees which are made of Barly Water and Sugar cocted in such proportion and Art that a very solid mass arises thence so tractable that it adheres not to ones fingers but may be drawn into small long crass short or intorted threads alwayes white and hence its name is Alphenicum It stayes the humours flowing from the brain Vires cocts such as are fallen helps the cough and causes the expectoration of cocted humours CHAP. 6. Syrupus Jujubinar or Syrupe of Jujubees D.M. â„ž of Jujubees n. lx Violets the feeds of Mallows of eachÊ’ v. Liquorice scraped and bruised Maiden-hair Barley of each â„¥ j. the seeds of Quinces white Poppies Melons Lettice Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb iiij of fountain-Fountain-water to the Colature adde of sugar lb ij to bring it into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY In confecting this syrupe the cleansed Barly must first be cocted then the Jujubs added then the Liquorice afterwards Maidens-hair and the seeds of Melons Lettice and Poppy at length Violet-flowers and Tragacanthum in the end lest by longer coction it become fume It should be included with Mallowes and Quinces-seed in a linen cloth and then cocted with the rest in four or five pounds of water to the absumption of the third part and elixated with the said quantity of sugar into the consistency of a syrupe the coction should not be to the half unless the weight of sugar be abated It conduces to hoarseness cough pleurisy it cocts Vires moves and educes spittle and that of Violets and is a mean betwixt the syrupe of Poppy it cohibits all fluxions and cocts the defluxed humours CHAP. 7. Syrupus de Hyssopo or Syrupe of Hyssop D. Mes â„ž of dryed Hyssop the roots of Smallage Fennel Liquorice of eachÊ’ x. Barley â„¥ ss the seeds of Mallows and Quinces Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. Maiden-hairÊ’ vj. Jujubees Sebestens of each n. xxx Raisins stoned â„¥ j. ss dryed Figs fat Dates of each n. x. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij to the Colature adde Penidees lb ij make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is cognominated from Hyssop its Basis in the confection whereof its Author Mesue is so far from defining a quantity of water that he mentions no water at all but they should take eight pounds wherein they should coct the Barly half an hour then inject the incided roots to be elixated a quarter of an hour then all the fruits at length the seeds bound in a linen cloth with Tragacanthum and at last pretty dry Hyssop true Maidens-hair or in its stead vulgar Maidens-hair Penidees made without starch must be added to the Colature by coction reducted to three pounds and clarified some had rather put in sincere sugar others the water of sape and sugar but it is best to confect it according to Mesue's description The same Author describes more preparations of this same syrupe but this we have transcribed is the most usual and best This syrupe conduces much to difficulty of breathing Vires pectoral dolours from a cold cause it takes away obstructions moves flours and deterges sand from the reins and bladder CHAP. 8. Syrupus de Aretemisia or Syrupe of Mugwort D. Fern. â„ž the leaves of Mugwort m. ij the roots of Orris Enula-campane Madder Piony Lovage Fennel of each â„¥ ss the leaves of Peny-royal Origanum Calamint Nep Balm Basil Carrets Savin Marjoran Hyssop Horehound Germander Groundpine St. Johns-wort Feverfew and Betony of each m. j. the seeds of Anis Petroseline Fennel Rue Gith of eachÊ’ iij. bruise those that are to be bruised and macerate them 24 hours in Hydromel lb viij boyl them to lb v. and with lb v. of Sugar coct it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe of Mugwort first described by Matthaeus containing a mass of Medicaments perperously congested was rightly castigated by Fernelius who substracting such things as were not known inconvenient and supervacancous left onely such as were usesul as Plantius well observed for when it is in vain to adde more where the thing may be better done by fewer what need had we of so much cost and time in seeking and congesting many Simples when much fewer were better yet no cost or pains must be spared when the sanity of a man lies at the stake so that the labour be not lost nor cost frustraneous A great and solemn composition whose bonity many ages have found and experience sufficiently proved must neither admit of mutation nor mutilation but such as are described without ground or reason must be either omitted or castigated This syrupe is denominated from Mugwort which is its Basis its preparation is clear enough in the description Yet it may be more Simply easily and as efficaciously made thus â„ž of the roots of Rest-harrow Madder Grass Butchers-Broom of eachÊ’ vj. the seeds of Carret and Roman-Gith of eachÊ’ j. Syr. de Artemisia simpliciter Mugwort m. ij Savin Marjoran Nep Hyssop of each m. ss boyl them in lb v. of water to the Colature adde lb i. ss of sugar and lb ss of Honey to bring it into the consistence of a syrupe This syrupe potently moves suppressed or staying fluors Vires and allayes the strangulation and subversion of the Uterus CHAP. 9. Syrupus resumptivus or The resumptive Syrupe â„ž of the flesh of Snails â„¥ iiij Barley whole â„¥ ij the pulp of Dates â„¥ j. Raisins Kiquorce of eachÊ’ vj. Sebestens Jujubees of each n. xij Cotton-seed Melon Cucumer and Gourd-seeds of each â„¥ ss The seeds of Lettice and * * * White Uagula Calalinae Poppy of each Ê’ ij Coltsfoot Lungwort of each m.j. the flowers of Violets and white Lillies of each â„¥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij of Colature to which ad de lb ij of the whitest Sugar Sugar of Roses and Diatraganthum frigidum of each lb ss coct it to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The resumptive syrupes in a general acception may be referred to all analepticall and restorative ones wherein Medicks adhibit Snails flesh after the example of that whereof Joannes Tornamyra is Authour by assent though I could neither see it in him nor any other Antidotariographer in my life and that which is now made by Medicks is made after as many different manners as there are different Shops wherein it is made yea all the descriptions
parts but they will be much diminished and yet the cleansed flower should be onely assumed for this confection both that its faculties may be better and its colour more violaceous The Violets should be brayed very small that no asperity may be found therein then twice their quantity of Sugar must be added to them then they must be again contunded together till the mass be soft and fit to be conserved in an idoneous vessel Mesue addes thrice their quantity of Sugar and then the Conserve is sweeter but not so valid Conserve of Violets allayes the heat of Choler Vires extinguishes the ardour of other humours quenches thirst subduces the Belly dilates and levifies the jaws and asper artery and cures all pectoral affections CHAP. 2. Conserva Rosarum or Conserve of Roses â„ž of red Rose-buds purged from their whites lb j. beat them with a wooden Pestel in a stone Morter till they become a paste then adde of the best Sugar lb iij. which beat with the Roses till they are perfectly mingled and after a little insolation put it up for future use The COMMENTARY Mesue calls that the Sugar which we call the Conserve of Roses and he takes red white and all Roses dryed in a shade without difference with thrice as much Sugar whereof he makes his Sugar of Roses which after three moneths space he exposes to the Sun we take only red Roses not dryed but brayed and mixed with thrice as much Sugar some put onely twice as much Sugar to it and so make the Conserve less suave but more efficacious We call that Sugar of rose-Rose-water which some call Sugar of Roses solved in equal measure and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary of which in its place But our Conserves of Roses are not alwayes alike but some are more liquid and soft which are made as we before described them of new flowers brayed and mixed with Sugar others more solid which are made of the powder of dry Roses with eight or ten times as much Sugar diluted in Rose-water and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewithall a little succe of Sorrel or Lemmons is mixed which is made into red paste out of which oblong morsels small at each end and crasser in the middle are formed The Conserves thus confected at Agendicum a City in the Province of Brya are much commended Conserve of Roses is cephalical and cordial for Vires it roborates the head and intrails allayes their heat and cohibits fluxions CHAP. 3. Conserva Buglossi or Conserve of Bugloss â„ž of the picked flowers of Bugloss lb j. beat them in a Marble Morter very well to which adde of the finest Sugar lb ij beat them well together which after a convenient insolation repose in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY I can scarce assent to their opinion who would have Buglosses flowers whose vertue is superficial and easily dissipable dryed before triture and mixtion for they are better by how much they are newer and more humid but if they lose their native humidity they lose their efficacy for they are no whit more humid then exigence requires Moreover the more aqueous and excrementitious part of newly confected Conserve is dissipated by insolation but if they be wet with dew or rain they should be dryed in a shade rather then in the Sun before their confecture Conserve of Bugloss exhilarates the vital parts Vires recreates the heart helps the Melancholical conduces to such as labour in the Palsey and Cough CHAP. 4. Conserva Borraginis or Conserve of Borrage â„ž of the fresh flowers of Borrage well picked lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss beat them in a stone-Morter with a Box-Pestel till it comes to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY First the flowers must be brayed by themselves till they be levigated then the Sugar then must they be mixed in triture and made into a soft mass which reconded in an idoneous vessel must be insolated and preserved The Arabians call it Zuccarum alchibil that is Sugar of Borrages the later age calls it Conserve of Borrage-flowers It is given to the same affections with Conserve of Bugloss Vires for both recreate the heart and vital spirits conduce to melancholical passions and this by a peculiar faculty moves womens fluors according to Holerius CHAP. 5. Conserva Nenupharis or Conserve of Water-Lillies â„ž of the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous parts and dryed a whole day in the shade lb ss beat them very well with lb j. ss of white Sugar till they come to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY The flowers of Water-Lillies being more crass and humid may be a little aerified then contunded that they may be levigated afterwards the sugar must be added brayed subacted and concorporated with the tunded flowers which mass well subacted must be reposed in a potters vessel white flowers must be selected whose herbaceous green and flave part also which is in the middle of the flower should be abjected The luteous Water-Lilly neither ingredes this Conserve nor the Syrupe before-described because the white one is better and more frequent they should likewise grow in limpid and clear water others are worse Conserve of Water-Lilly allayes the heat of the intrails Vires quenches thirst refrigerates the brain conciliates sleep and is good for such as are severish CHAP. 6. Conserva Anthos or Conserve of Rosemary-flowers â„ž of the finest flowers of Rosemary very small beaten lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss mix them well together with a Box Pestel till they become a fine paste which keep in a Gally-pot well luted The COMMENTARY The Rosemary-flower being of it self dry should not be exposed to the Sun before triture nor dryed but this and all calid and dryer flowers require more of sugar not for their conservation but more suavity and they need not so much insolation This Conserve is of much use in Medicine Vires for it is very cephalical and nerval roborates the brain and propugns all its affections it successfully helps or cures the Epilepsie Apoplexy Lethargy Palsey and Trembling CHAP. 7. Conserva Betonicae or Conserve of Betony â„ž of the flowers of Betony fresh and finely picked lb j. white Sugar lb iij. beat them according to Art into a Conserve The COMMENTARY All do not make this Conserve after the same manner for some confect it according to the form prescribed others coct Sugar in the water of Betony to the consistence of a solid Electuary then mix it with brayed flowers and make a Conserve of most laudable sapour and faculties it may well be made either way Conserve of Betony whether assumed or adhibited Vires roborates the head benefits the ventricle obtunds poysons and propugns all affections of the brain CHAP. 8. Conserva Salviae Melissae Stoechados or Conserve of Sage Balm and Stoechados â„ž of the flowers of Sage or Balm or Stoechados lb ss white Sugar lb s
first beat the flowers very small afterwards the Sugar beating them well together till it becomes a soft mass The COMMENTARY The plenty of Medicinal flowers causes plenty of Conserves but Stoechados being very rare and Balm emitting patulous flowers few Conserves if any are confected of them but Sage is so frequent and endowed with so many eximious qualities that a most commendable Conserve Vires Salviae for many uses is made thereof for by a special faculty it roborates the Brain and Nerves conduces much to trembling stupour palsey and affections of the Brain That which is made of Balm gently helps the Memory That which is made of the flowers called Stoechados frees the Liver from obstructions and recreates the Brain Many Pharmacopolists it may be have more Conserves condited of flowers and many fewer and if any one be not content with these he hath liberty to make Conserves of Poeony Tamarisks Primrose and Succory Some make Conserve of Mallows flowers which much conduces to the Stone and vices in the Reins for it leniates allayes heat diduces the passages and expels sand from the Kidneys SECT VII Of Fruits and other parts of Plants Condited FRuits to be condited must not undergo triture like flowers but are condited either whole if small as Ribes and Berberries or somewhat greater as Cherries or else cut into slices as Quinces Roots also purged and sliced are condited Of all which Conditures we shall briefly dissert in this Section CHAP. 3. Cerasa condita or Condited Cherries â„ž of Cherries ripe and purged from their pedicles lb ij white Sugar lb j. boyl them first upon a clear then upon a gentle fire casting off the scum as it arises till their Juyce and the Sugar becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There are many kindes of Cherries whereof those onely are selected for conditure which are very red dulcoacid very succulent and inhaere upon a short pedicle as also such as are obscurely red Now that they may be rightly condited a little water must be put to them for so the Sugar will more easily liquefie and the Cherries be sooner cocted Now they are perfectly cocted when a drop of their Syrupe effunded upon a Marble diffuses not and then they should be removed from the fire and when they grow cold be reposed in idoneous vessels for preservation Condite Cherries because of their suavity and salubrity Vires are exhibited to the sick of any disease and at any time CHAP. 2. Ribes Berberis condita or Condited Ribes and Berberries â„ž of red Currans or Berberries lb j. ss Sugar lb j. boyl them according to Art with a little water till their humidity have acquired the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Of the succe of these fruits inspissated by heat we have a Sape of the same and sugar duly cocted a Syrupe also Both which are eximious in restoring sanity to the diseased as we have above hinted These same fruits are also used for Junkets and to that end integrally condited that they may be kept while winter and exhibited to the diseased to whom they are not onely pleasant but conducible They usually mix some water to their conditure but their own succe would do better in its stead for so the conditure would be more acid and sweet also if an equal weight of fruits and sugar were conjoyned CHAP. 3. Pyra condita or Condited Pears â„ž of Pears decocticated and of the whitest Sugar of each lb ij boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Pears become soft and the liquor of the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Other Pears may be so condited as those they call Rousselets and others whose flesh is solid Some stick them with Cloves that they may be more grateful to the palate for so they attain an aromatical odour and sapour with sweetness Apples having a sorter substance which by coction would be like a Pultess are not condited whole but cut into slices and artificially cocted with Sugar are made into a certain Paste which sected into morsels is studiously dryed and kept CHAP. 4. Nuces condita or Condited Nuts â„ž of Nuts both young and green n.l. purged from their outward Cortex infuse them nine or ten dayes in warm water daily changed then boyl them till they grow soft which spread one by one upon a cloth that they may dry aromatize them with Cloves and Cinamon and afterwards with an equal quantity of Sugar to the weight of the Nuts boyling them gently adding thereunto a little water to a just consistence The COMMENTARY Many care not for condite Nuts because they grow black which ingrateful colour that it may be hindred let the Nuts be first cocted then sticked with Aromata and reconded in a vessel upon which superfuse Syrupe perfectly cocted while it is hot if on the following dayes the Syrupe grow crude again coct it again and superfuse it and if yet it appear too fluid recoct it that it may acquire a legitimate consistence for so the condite Nuts will be whiter They roborate the ventricle Vires disspate flatuosity cure the cholick and help coction CHAP. 5. Pruna condita or Condited Plums â„ž of Plums not perfectly ripe of Loaf-sugar of each lb j. clear water lb ss boyl them till the liquor becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There is every-where great plenty and variety of Plums whereof Damascens white black red and violaceous ones are very expetible but most of all the Imperial Plums which when mature are most grateful And these also like other fruits are condited for better preservation and first they are decorticated and presently cast into water lest they should grow flave or black and then they are cocted till the syrupe of their succe mixed with sugar be of a legitimate consistence Thus may Peaches and ripe Apples be condited The Pills of Oranges and Lemmons partly because of their hardness and partly of their insuavity are once or twice macerated in warm water before conditure into which water at the first time some inject a little bundle of ashes at the second time they are cocted in simple water with an equal weight of sugar and so conserved in their syrupe perfectly cocted But for such as delight onely in dry confectures they may be thus made The Pills thus condited must be taken their syrupe wherewith they are madid either gently deterged with a cloth or lightly washed off with water The Pills thus wiped and exsiccated must be immerged in other sugar cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary and again cocted therein a little then amoved and exsiccated in the sun Hypocauste or other hot place and then kept But this curious Art of conditing Fruits appertains rather to Confectioners then Apothecaries CHAP. 6. Citonia condita or Condited Quinces â„ž of Quinces decorticated cut in five or six parts purged from their membranes and seeds n.x. or xij of Sugar the like weight boyl them with a little water according to
Art The COMMENTARY Quinces because of their solidity endure much coction and therefore they require more water They should be cocted not onely till they be soft but till their Syrupe be crasser wherein they must be kept whole and not discepted nor reducted to a Pultess Quinces may be condited another way to wit cocted with Sugar and in cocting agitated that they may acquire the consistence of a Pultess and then they must be removed and reposed in ligneous Boxes if the weight of these Quinces and Sugar be equal the conditure will be more sâ—ave but less astrictive There is yet another conditure more red and lucid made onely of the decoction of the Pills and seeds of Quinces with an equal weight of Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe and kept in Boxes of Pine-wood if in cocting the vessel be shut and covered which contains them the conditure will be more red which colour is most expetible in all conditures of Quinces Some adde the sâ—â—ce of Quinces thereto and call it clear Cidoniat There is also a Conserve made of Quinces but after another manner for their succe is elicited cocted and strained and twice as much sugar added to the colature and cocted to the consistence of an Electuary the succe is in equal weight mixed with sugar and so the Conserve made of a red colour grateful sapour and eximious faculties The Conditure of Leaves CHAP. 7. Folia Adianti condita or The condite Leaves of Venus-hair â„ž of white Maiden-hair picked from its stalks lb j. good Sugar lb ij beat them severally afterwards together till they become a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY Leaves are seldome condited seeing when dry we can take their decoctions and make Syrupes of them indued with their faculties or keep them dry some for a whole year without damage yet some are so volatile that they scarce retain any thing of their genuine quality when dryed as true Maidens-hair which for its eximious faculties is sought by exotical Merchants and carried in form of a Conserve made as before after which manner other dry leaves may be condited but humid ones thus CHAP. 8. Folia Tussilaginis condita or The condite Leaves of Collsfoot â„ž of the Juyce of the leaves of Coltsfoot lb j. Sugar lb ij boyl then to the consistency of an Electuary to which whilest hot adde of green Coltsfoot finely beaten as much as you see good and make thereof a Conserve The COMMENTARY In the confecture of this Conserve the quantity of the leaves to be brayed is not defined some taking more others less a third part or at most half as much sugar is enough But Conserves thus made should be long insolated and frequently agitated with a Rudicle that they may califie all over and their aqueous humidity be quite dissipated wherewith they abound The conditures of other leaves may be thus confected The conditure of these leaves help the Cough Vires Lungs and hinder the frequent delapse of humours from the Brain to the breast and vitals The Conditure of Stalks CHAP. 9. Caules Lactucae conditae or The condite Stalks of Lettices â„ž of the stalks of Lettices purged from the exteriour skin or cortex lb j. Boyl them in water till they wax soft afterwards dry them upon a cloth then take the like weight of Sugar and with a sufficient quantity of water boyl them till the liquor become a crass Syrupe which repose in a sit vessel If you desire them of a dryer form let them be wiped and dryed and then in Sugar boyled to the height of an Electuary let them a little fervesie afterwards taken out and dryed The COMMENTARY Very few Plants Cauls are condited either because of their hardness or insuavity or other useless qualities But such as have crassitude sweetness tenerity and excellency of faculties may rightly be condited as the cauls of Lettice and Artichock Of both which cauls Confectioners used to make dry confectures after the manner prescribed They quench thirst allay the heat of the stomack and liver Vires CHAP. 10. Caules Cynarae conditi or The condited Stalks of Artichocks â„ž of the stalks of Artichocks the exteriour pellicle taken off and purged from its fibres lb j. boyl them in water till they grow soft afterwards let them be dryed upon a cloth then with the like weight of Sugar and a sufficient quantity of water boyled to the body of a crass Syrupe repose the confecture in a fit vessel which if required more dry prepare them as afore-described The COMMENTARY The white stalks of Artichocks should be desumed before they erupt out of the earth they are used all winter in Paris where they much abound which some upon no grounds use to stimulate Venery for they afford little of genital matter or flatulent spirits to the body but much Melancholical succe The cauls of the vulgar not of the Spanish Artichock should be selected for that is a kinde of Carduus as both of them seem to be depromed from that stock onely one of them hath by culture attained a more fair aspect and gracious sapour They are more celebrated for Junkets for the whole then Diet for the sick Condited Roots CHAP. 11. Radix Poeoniae condita or The condited Root of Poeony â„ž of the Roots of Poeony washed and purged lb ij boyl them in water till they grow soft then repose them to dry in a shade that their humidity may be evaporated then boyl them again with the like weight of Sugar with a little portion of the aforesaid decoction to the body of an Electuary which take from the fire and repose in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY Some Roots should be condited onely in the Spring before their succe be immitted into their branches boughs and leaves others in Autumn when Plants demit their leaves for then much of the Plants vertue goes into the Roots and then the humour is more throughly cocted then at other times others may be condited both in the Spring Summer and Autumn being alwayes succulent whose cauls are either not erupted or grown up or else dryed They must then be collected in that feason wherein their vertue is most prealent as the Roots of Ragwort and Rainbow in the Spring the Root of Poeony in August according to Sylvius or rather in March the Roots of Enula Bryony and Maidens-grass in Autumn as we have shewed at large in our Institutions Cap. 13. Lib. 1. Some of them are amare sharp and insuave which before their conditure should be often macerated in water others are grateful which being one day infused in warm water may in the same or another be cocted forthwith as the Roots of Poeony which may be weâ— condited according to this prescribed form or some other of the like sort when they are cocted and the Sugar cocted like a soft Electuary affunded upon them if they become crude the liquor must be again cocted and that again repeated till they cease
from their crudity These condited are of great potency to arceate and cure the Epilepsie if they be moderately taken in the morning fasting and at the hour of sleep CHAP. 12. Radices Eryngiorum conditae or The condited Roots of Sâ—â—-holly â„ž of the Roots of Sea-holly cut sloping and purged from its inward pith lb j. boyl them in water till they become soft dry them in a shade Sic Radices Buglossi condiuntur then let Sugar be dissolved in the same decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the Roots and again gently cocted that their aqueous humidity may be dissipated 〈◊〉 epose them afterward 〈◊〉 Gally pot and preserved The COMMENTARY The Roots of Sea-holly being sweet needs undergo but one materation before conditure and then be cocted in the same water â—ill they be soft then condited with Sugar as the form shews Mesue addes some Aromata's as Cinamon and Ginger wherewith be would have the Roots stuck and he boyls them with a portion of Honey and Sugar or else Honey onely thrice the quantity of the Roots But the form I have exhibited is more usual and better We everywhere in the Aarabian writings meet with Secacul which is hitherto taken for Sea-holly But its description given by Avicenna and Serapio shew that it is another Plant dissimilar in face if not faculties It grows in India and is there condited and is kept and given for venereous matters as also our Sea-holly which some do perperously call Secacul though their vertues be afâ—â—â—e for both of them are â—or and moist in the end of the first and beginning of the second degree They move Venery Therefore they do right who for defect of the Indian Secacul substiture our Sea-holly and let such cease to be angry at this substitution who must have something of that nature and cannot get the true Secacul Sea-holly is of the kinde of aculeated Plants whose leaves are tender not spinous and rigid and fit for cibaries Dioscorides saith they are broad asperated about their ambient aromatical to the gust and when perfectly grown aculeated with many horrid spines Its heads also are circumvalled with aoute spines its roots long black without white within tender sweet and grateful to the gust It is more largely described in our first Book of Medicinal Matter It s Root condited noâ—â—shes augments seed Vires excites venery moves urine and expels the sand of the Reins and Bladder CHAP. 13. Radices Symphiti condita or The condite Roots of Comfrey â„ž of the roots of the greater Comfrer slieed lb j. macerate and boyl them in a sufficent quantity of water till they become soft dry them in a shade for a whole day Let them Sugar be put to the decoction and boyled to the 〈◊〉 situde of an Electuary to which adde the roots and again let them be boyled till the aqueous superfluity be evaporated and when they begin to be condited repose them in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY The roots of Comfrey as also many other which by cocture become easily soft are rightly condited after this prescript yet some had rather prepare and condite them thus First they coct the washed and cleansed roots then they bray them then they transmit thâ—â— through a fieve then put twice their quantity of Sugar to them and coct them to the consistence of an Electuary then they recalifie them and recond the conditure in Boxes And thus they do with all other crasser roots for thâ—â— they may be better pâ—rged from their fibres and more perfectly confected in every part They stay the running of blood from any part Vires cohibit the delapse of homours and agglutinate wounds in the internals CHAP. 14. Radices Enâ—â—â— conditae or The condited roots of Enâ—â—a-campane â„ž of the roots of Enâ—â—a-campane washed purged and sliced lb ij infuse them in warm water for the space of four dayes the water being daily changed then boyl them till they grow tender then dry them in a shade afterwards take the like weight of Sâ—gar which dissolve in the aforesaid decoction and boyl it up to the consistency of an Electuary then adde the aforesaid roots and coct them together gently which afterwards repose in boxes The COMMENTARY The roots of Enula must be macerated more or less as their insuavity requires and if it may be emended by two or three macerations they need no longer immersion lest their whole vertue be deposed in the water They roborate the stomack Viret recreate the heart discuss flaâ—â—lenty help concoction resist poysons and pestiâ—ent viâ—ulâ—â—â— diseases CHAP. 15. Radices Satyrii conditae or The condite roots of Satyrion â„ž of Satyrion roots washed and picked lb j. boyl them in water till they become tender then let them be dryed in the shade covering them with a cloth when they are dryed ningle them with the like preportion of Sugar dissolved in the abovesaid decoction and â—oyled to a good consistence which coct a little that the humidity of the water may be dissipated The COMMENTARY The whole roots of Satyrion should be condited for their mole hinders not but that sugar may pervade their whole substance We have adjoyned no Aromata's that they may be more safely exhibited to such as labour under Hectick Fevers they are indued with like faculties with Diasatyrium but more imbecilely as we shall shew in its due place Many other roots are condited after the same manner with these which for brevities sake I omit We have no fresh Ginger but it comes all condited to us from Bengala a countrey in India SECT VIII Of Eclegms that must be preserved in Pharmacopolies EClegms do by good right challenge place amongst the Preparative Medicaments for they prepare the humours contained in the breast for expulsion by vomit or impact them into another place for eduction by stool For seeing they are either acid or sweet they incide viscid humours and make them easie to be separated from the parts whereunto they adhere The sweet ones concoct the same and make them sit for exclusion by spittle If they be of a mixt sapour and dulcoacid they both attenuate and concoct But thâ—se that the Ancients kept in their Shops are now almost out of use And now when some prave affection of the highest region of the Breast or Asper Artery requires a Lohoch or Eclegm they are quickly made for present use being both for vertue and sapour at the best So that the Ancients Eclegms as they are less grateful so they seem to be less useful Yet lest our Shop should be quite void of them we shall select a few of more easie confecture and particular use As CHAP. 1. Eclegma Scilliticum or Eclegm of Squills D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Squills Honey despumed of each lb ij boyl them together according to Art to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This Eclegm is most easie to confect and most simple consisting onely of the
same things that make up Honey of Squills onely they differ in preparation and proportion For in Honey of Squills the leaves are confusedly insolated with the Honey in a fit vessel and strained when use calls for it But in the Eclegm of Squills onely their succe is cocted with Honey above the consistence of a Syrupe Eclegms of Squills potently incide and prepare for expulsion Vires crass and viscid humours impacted in the spirators They very much help such as breath with difficulty or have much of viscid Phlegm in their Lungs or highest region of the Breast CHAP. 2. Eclegma de Caulibus or Eclegm of Colewort D. Gord. â„ž of the Juyce of Coleworts lb j. boyl it a little and scum it afterwards adde SaffronÊ’ iij. Sugar and Honey of each lb ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Linctus The COMMENTARY The succe of Garden-Cauls must first be educed then depurated by the Sun or fire then Honey or Sugar added to it and they perfectly cocted then must well-pulverated Saffron be mixed therewith or as Gordiâ—nus its Author would have it injected therein 〈◊〉 while cocting because he will have it tend to its spissitude but it is credible he means by his Electuary a Lohoch for the cure of difficulty of breathing But the leaves of red Cauls should be selected when the diseases of the highest part of the Breast are respected or the Belly to be moved Lonoch of cauls cures difficulty of breathing Vires inveterate coughs cocts moves and excludes spittle CHAP. 3. Eclegma de Pulmone Vulpis or Eclegm of Foxes Lungs D. Mes â„ž of Fox Lungs prepared and dryed of the Juyce of Liquorice white Maiden-hair sweet Fennel-seeds Anise-seeds of each equal parts make it into a Lohoch with Syrupe of Red-roses or Myrtles The COMMENTARY Some confect it with simple Hydrosa charum that is water and sugar others with sugar solved and cocted in Saxifrage water and some that would have it more roborative with Rob or inspissated succe of Myrtle as Mesue advises We confect it with syrupe of Roses or Alexanders syrupe for so it is more grateful then those with Rob of Myrtle and Hydrosacharum yea its faculty roborates in a mean betwixt them But if it be kept for a Roborative it may be rightly confected with syrupe of Myrtle but Pharmacopolists do not now preserve it Foxes Lungs should if possible be onely taken by such as are young sound and given to hunting they must be washed in water incided according to the vessels whereto they adhere and wherein they are suspended their blood must be expressed then moderately washed in white-wine imposed in a pot dryed in an Oven pretty hot and kept When use calls for them a portion of them must be levigated very small and mixed with some idoneous liquor as in this Eclegm with the said Syrupe and other pulverated Medicaments Mesue describes this Lonoch of Foxes Lungs to difficult breathers Vires but some would rather bray the Lung and exhibit it mixed with Julep of Roses others upon good grounds prefer the Lungs of other wholesome Animals as Hogs Rams or Calves Lungs for the easure of such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing for the diseased may eat these with more delight and salubrity to the quantity of two or more ounces and so better consult the sanity of his Lungs then if he uses an ounce of this Eclegm wherein there is scarce a scruple of Foxes Lungs Yet this should be kept in Pharmacopolies because it is very bechical and may be successfully used by such as are tabid CHAP. 4. Eclegma sanum expertum or A sound and experienced Lohoch D. Mes â„ž of Raisins stoned Figs Dates of each n. xij Jujubees Sebestens of each xxx Foenugreek-seedÊ’ v. Linseed Anise-seed sweet Fennel-seed dryed Hyssop Calamint the roots of Orris Liquorice Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Maiden-hair m.j. boyl them all in four pintes of water till half be consumed to the Calature adde Penidees lb ij boyl it again to the crassitude of Honey then adde these following powders and pastes Pine-kernelsÊ’ v. blanched Almonds Starch of eachÊ’ iij. Liquorice Gumme-Thraganth Arabick of each â„¥ ij ss Orris â„¥ ss Let all these be exactly mingled and beaten into a Lohoch The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be well confected the root of Orris should be cut into short pieces and be first cocted in limpid water by half a quarter of an hour then must the seeds be injected then the fruits and leaves last the Liquorice and Cinamon the powders being levigated a part must be confusedly mixed and conjected into the colature duly cocted with Penidees that of these united and agitated with a Pestel may arise an Eclegm which from its effect is called Sound and Expert for it contains many fruits seeds leaves and some gummes which commonstrate its eximious faculties whereunto they adde Amylum to make it more viscid Now Amylum may be made of many cereals but the best is that that is made of Wheat five times madefied with water till it be soft which done the water is effused without agitation lest something that is useful flow out with it when it is very soft and the water effused it should be calcated with ones feet and so broken then should water be again superfused upon it and it again calcated and the enatant bran received into a sieve and the rest dried in a Basket and forthwith baked in the sun and kept For thus it is grinded without a Mill and thence called Amylum It leniates exasperated parts stays the fluxions of the eyes and rejections of Blood This Eclegm cures the cough Vires and hoarseness contracted by a cold distemper it incides attenuates and deterges much and concocts cold humours CHAP. 5. Eclegma de Pineis or Eclegm of Pine-kernels D. Mes â„ž of Pine-kernels cleansed from their skinsÊ’ xxx sweet Almonds Hazel-Nuts Gumme-Thraganth Arabick Liquorice Juyce of Liquorice white Starch white Maiden-hair Orris-root of each â„¥ ss the Pulp of DatesÊ’ xxxv bitter Almonds Honey of Raisins fresh Butter white Sugar of each â„¥ iiij Honey as much as will suffice to make it up according to Art into an Eclegm The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be rightly made the dry roots must first be brayed apart then the Maidens-hair then the fruits then the gummes and Amylum but such as may better be incided as Almonds and Filberts may be cut with a knife When all are well levigated Rob or Honey of Raisins must be added then butter then an idoneous quantity of the whitest and best Honey that the Eclegm may be of a legitimate consistence It cures inveterate coughs Vires difficulty of breathing moves viscid spittle helps the asperity of the voyce helps coction and expectoration of humours and cures such affections of the Lungs and Breast as arise from the plenty or noxious quality of humours Finis Libri Primi The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE
SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes loaf-Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till
they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely various but there are also various opinions concerning its Author for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen Joubertus to Nicolaus Myrepsicus Bauderonius to Nicolaus Salernitanus Adolphus Occon to Nicolaus Praepositus Valer. Cordus to Nicolaus Alexandrinus who indeed hath described it but not as it is vulgarly made But none know certainly to which of these to attribute its invention but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum not adding his Sirname Now this Medicament is called Catholical or Universal either because it expurges all humours or because it draws them from all parts of the Body That which is made according to this prescript is called Simple Catholicum in reference to the more compound which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny yet neither of them substantially or in powder ingrede that same as they do this simple Catholicum but the Senny is cocted and the Rhabarb infused and its expression joyned with the mixture which formed into an Electuary is called Catholicum Duplicatum Many coct Anise and Fennel and others Coriander-seed with Polypody to discuss its flatuosity but there is Fennel enough in the description to effect this so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together If any like not Anise he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander or an equal weight of each yea any may adde some Cinamon to make it more grateful and it will be of good consequence The rest I leave to the old description which most Medicks approve of and prefer before many purges which to pervert as Rondeletius hath done were a piece of a piacle Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters different from the common one onely in this that it admits of onely old and worse Rhabarb and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar That which is very purgative wherein Apothecaries put Turpentine Coloquintida and Hermodactyls is not good I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon onely of Syrupe and the infusion of some pulps but its faculties being very imbecile and not respondent to the scope of the Author whoever first made it I think it is not now kept or prepared Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum one whereof amongst other things receives Hellecampane Hyssop Ginger Cinamon Nutmeg and Honey another amongst Purgatives Agarick Turpentine and Diacridium which compositions made by a perite artificer are good but they are seldome kept in shops Let that then which we have according to the Ancients minde here described be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly It clemently and gently purges all humours cures Fevers Vires and acute diseases especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver CHAP. 4. Diaprunum seu Diadamascenum simplex or Simple Diaprunum or Diadamascenum D.N.Myr. â„ž of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till they grow soft then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve In the percolated Colature boyl the flowers of Violets â„¥ j. In the Colature dissolve Sugar lb ij boyl them into a Syrupe to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds of each â„¥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders viz. White Sanders red Sanders Rhabarb of eachÊ’ iij. Roses Violets the seeds of Purslain Endive Berberries Juyce of Liquorice Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij of the four greater cool seeds of eachÊ’ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The description of this Electuary shews the manner of its confection which indeed is the best though some make it otherwise who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds but of Cassia also to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders that together with its desired faculty it may acquire its legitimate consistence But all agree not about the quantity of Violets for some according to Nic. Myrepsus his decree take onely half an ounce others an ounce and a half we aiming at the mean take one ounce to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums Some besides the Authors intention adde Cinamon but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds though we know that they are roborative for Diaprunum may easily be without their help seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses which are farre more roborative and seeing its main faculty should rather be lenitive then roborative But that they call Spodium is not once to be thought of in this confection because the Grecian Spodium is noxious and the Arabian cannot be had and is withall inconvenient as also Antispodium which being nothing but burnt Ivory hath no affinity with the burnt Roots of Cane which Avicenna calls Spodium as we have shewed in our third Book of Medicinal Matter Chap. 11. CHAP. 5. Diaprunum compositum seu laxativum or The Compound or laxative Diaprunum D.N.Myr. â„ž of the simple Diaprunum afore-prescribed lb j. Scammony prepared â„¥ ss mingle them and make them into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Both the sorts of Diaprunum are compounded and laxative but the simple not admitting of Diacridium subduces the Belly easily scarce moving the first region of the Body the other which admitting of Diagridium moves the Belly potently and deduces humours from all parts is called the more compound Onely one ounce of Diacridium is added to each pound of the simple Diaprunum so that one ounce of the Electuary contains but one scruple of the same Nic. Salernitanus doth perversly augment the weight of the Diacridium mixing seven dragms thereof with each pound of the Electuary for so its purgative faculty becomes more efferous and its use more unsafe Diacridium must be levigated very small and put to the Electuary while hot This Diaprunum Vires besides those qualities it hath common with the other purges potently and yet without molestation it is successfully used in the diseases of the Reins and Bladder in Fevers and all calid affections CHAP. 6. Diaphoenicum seu Confectio de Dactylis or Diaphoenicum or Confection of Dates D. Mes â„ž of Dates not perfectly ripe macerated three dayes in VinegarÊ’ 100. PenideesÊ’ l. of the best TurbithÊ’ xxx DiagridiumÊ’ xij Ginger Long Pepper Rue dryed Cinamon Mace Lignum Aloes the seeds of Anise Fennel Carret Galangal of eachÊ’ ij Honey despumed lb ss or as much as will suffice to bring it into the consistency of a solid Electuary The COMMENTARY Seeing Dates of a perfect magnitude and not absolutely mature are somewhat flave there is no need of this word Kirron in the prescript which vulgar Apothecaries usually adde for if they derive it from the Greeks it signifies flave if from the Barbarians who
auxiliary for the Hypochondriacal who as yet have been either overlooked or taken for desperate This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal Histerical Melancholical and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men It is named Dialalzemer from Senny its Basis which the Arabians call Albazemer then which no Medicament is more melanagogous nor purge more tolerable This we mix partly in Powder partly in infusion with such things as discuss flatulency attenuate humours remove infarctures roborate the spleen liver and bowels recreate the faculties respect the Uterus obtund some malign quality and securely propel humours long since congested not onely melancholical and contumacious ones but viscid and pituitous also which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly and some adust bilious humours and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour educe the Pituitous his companion inseparable and also the Bilious which is pedissequous And because this Medicament most respects melancholy we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour rejecting the white as more convenient for Phlegm The manner of its preparation is easie and sufficiently demonstrated in the description But before all be congested into the composition the Azure-stone calls for some preparation as thus A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken brayed in a Metalline Morter washed with common water dryed in the Sun or hot ashes then again washed and dryed and so again and again till the water remain limpid then must it be dryed and that not ten but if need be twenty times then let it be washed four five or more times in cordial waters then let it be dryed and kept for use For thus its malign quality perishes and its purgative evades conqueror In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt and its purgative faculty exhaled its cordial onely then remaining whereof there is use Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical Vires Melancholical Hypochondriacal Maniacal Epileptical Histerical and Elephantical This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses contracted by contract CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium ℞ of the roots of Orris Reed Grass the barks of the roots of Capers Asarabacca Caraway of eachʒ vj. Pimpinel * * * Polytricus Maiden-hair Egrimony Ceterach Mugwort of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach-tree m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water In the Colature infuse and boyl a little of the leaves of Senny ℥ ij of the seeds of Carret ℥ ij boyl the decoction till it comes to a pinte to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss Sugar lb ss Honey despumed in the decoction ℥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe to which adde these following powders Manna ℥ ij Turbith * * * Esula Milkwort prepared of each ℥ j. ss Gingerʒ j. Water-flag Calamus Aromaticus of eachʒ j. Mechoacan ℥ ij the seeds of Dwarf-eldern ℥ ss and of Sea-Colewortsʒ iij. Cinamonʒ ij make it up into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Many descriptions we have which smell more of confusion then composition whose effects shew their brangling Authors and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries as either unaccommodated for cure by their ill composure or obsolete for want of custome picking out such as are better described and more approved by their sanative effects As besides the two former which we have added this also which for its excellence is called The eximious Hydragogal Electuary which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped and the banks almost over-run lest the hydroptical be without praesidy and drown his vitals in his watty Belly And because we would have this Medicament perfect we have added such things as will emend the distemper remove the obstructions and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver from which the hydroptical get much of his evil We have also added some to discuss flatuosity and awaken the native calour Besides many more which duly prepared become hydragogous The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie Vires for it educes watry humours without violence and is a most accommodate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharmacopolist who gave them a certain Powder to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours but few or none recovered SECT II. Of Hierae SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects by the Greeks called Hierae that is Holy and Great for they are indued with great vertues and cure great diseases but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous Author as CHAP. 1. Hiera Picra seu Dialoe Galeni lb of Cinamon Mace Asarum Spikenard Saffron Mastick Squinant of eachʒ vj. Aloes not washedʒ 100. or lb j. and ℥ ss the best Honey despumed the treble quantity or lb iiij make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY This Hiera is by Galen its Author called Picra that is amare because of the Aloes which is its Basis from which it mutuates its Purgative faculty We retain the old composition save that in stead of Xylobalsum which is scarce to be had we by Fernelius his advice substitute Mace and for the flowers of the sweet Rush which are not brought to us the Rush it self and so we keep to the quantity which Galen or rather Andromachus prescribed to be mixed with the Aloes This Hiera Picra was most usual at Rome besides other two which Galen sometimes used in which he detracted changed or at pleasure added what exigence called for But now they are obsolete But this yet remains entire except it be for the wood of Balm which some take out and substitute nothing others the surcles of Lentisks and others the fruit of Balm which is equally rare therefore no good substitute But Mace or Sweet-cane may well succeed in its room and the Hiera no whit less efficacious Galen is perhibited its Author rather because he celebrated it then invented it It is easie to make the Mastick Aloes and Saffron must first be brayed a part then the rest and afterwards the ingredients must all be mixed in despumed honey that they may acquire the spissitude of an Electuary It califies incides attenuates dryes deterges Vires removes obstructions expurges bilious pituitous crass and viscid humours it conduces miraculously helps the affections of the Ventricle Mesentery Liver Head and Junctures to each ounce of the compound put ℈ ij and g. i. ss and of the Powder of the rest g.xv. CHAP. 2. Hiera Picra with Agarick ℞ of the species of Hierae without Aloes Agarick trochiscated of each ℥ ss Aloes not washed ℥ j. Honey despumed a treble quantity or ℥ vj. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY This Hierae consists of two benign purgative Medicaments the one Aloes
Hermodactyls do not onely draw phlegm but bile also from the articles their efferous quality is castigated by condited Quinces flesh Manna Diatragacanthum and Sugar are put to leniate and temper to deterge and move phlegm and Honey to conserve Diacarthamum must be thus prepared The seed of Carthamus must first be decorticated then brayed afterwards Ginger Turbith and Hermodactyls must be pulverated then Diagridium and Candid Sugar and Quinces the Honey Manna and Cidoniatum must be then mixt with the Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe whilst hot and afterwards the powders that they make a solid Electuary to be discinded into tabels It is of frequent use Vires and is kept ready almost in all Pharmacopolies it purges pituitous humours potently not onely from the ventricle and Mesentery but also from more remote parts if it be assumed in greater quantity it detracts also something of Bile wherefore it helps not onely in quotidian and meerly pituitous Fevers but in complicated also which arise from the mixture of divers humors CHAP. 2. Elect. de succo Rosar or An Electuary of the succe of Roses ℞ of the depurated Juyce of red Roses lb j. Sugar lb j. ss boyl them into a solid Electuary to which add of the three Sanders of each ℥ ss Mastickʒ ij ℈ ij dry Citron-pillʒ j. Camphyr ℈ j. make of these a hard and solid Electuary which roll out upon a board and last into Tallets every one to weighʒ j. ss orʒ ij at least The COMMENTARY I am not he who for ostentation would change the old and promulgate new sentences but to pass my judgement on such things as are spoken or written without reason and here I challenge liberty to Philosophize And now I seeing this Electuary described by Myrepsus discerpted from Salernitanus variously patched and ill concinnated by the more recent I feared not to diminish the too heavy weight augment the too light and change the inept things All which I did with consultation not precipitantly I seeing no reason that the succe of Roses should be of equal weight with the Sugar I diminish the quantity of the succe and augment the Sugar well knowing that a pound of Sugar will sooner and better be cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe or an Electuary in half a pound of Roses succe then in a whole one and its faculties will not be much more imbecile but roborative enough Something also I have detracted from the weight of the Santals and have substituted a little of the Pill of Oranges in its stead partly to conciliate more suavity and partly to arceate putretude and recreate the vitals Some leave out Camphyre because of its strong sent but I approve of it for its halite quality makes the Electuary more grateful and its permeative quality more efficacious I have in stead of Spodium which cannot be had Antispodium which being onely burnt Ivory is not proper substituted Mastick to roborate the Ventricle and castigate Scammony Burnt Ivory is foolishly and ineptly called Spodium and substituted for the fictitious Arabian Spodium for let Apothecaries believe as they will there is but one true Spodium and that is the Graecian Pompholix which should never be introsumed The Arabian Interpreters are also miserably out in rendring Tabaxir Spodium and Spodium Burnt Ivory for Tabaxir is the succe or concreted liquor of certain Trees or very crass and tall Reeds which by the agitation of the wind and their mutual collision sometimes conflagrate from which burning Avicenna mendicated his Spodium or rather Tabaxir which his infidous Interpreter Clusius calls his Spodium But we get not this Tabaxir from India nor the ashes of these burnt Canes from Arabia neither would they be of much use in Medicine if we had them nor yet doth burnt Ivory respond to them as a substitute therefore they must either be quite expunged or some other congruous Medicament placed in their stead In the vulgar description there are ℈ xxxvj of Diagridium for each ounce of the composition But in our emendation there accedes onely half a dragm of Diagridium to each ounce of the compound and yet it is so valid and potent that it may well retain its old name The spur of Purgatives for in a small mole it hath much of efficacy The manner of its preparation is the same with Diacarthamum and that is apparent enough by the description of the form some take onely the distilled succe of Roses wherein they macerate their Tragacanthum and extract a Mucago for the comprehension of the Powders and the concinnation of their solid Electuary But I had rather inspissate the succe in S. Maries Bath to the spissitude of a Rob that so it might better concorporate the Powders If any will use unprepared Scammony for Diagridium he may upon good grounds leave the wonted quantity of Roses succe This Electuary is meerly cholagogous Vires and by educing choler potently cures such affections as proceed from that humour CHAP. 3. Electuarium de Citro solutivum ℞ of the bark of Citron-Pill condited of the Conserve of Violets of the Conserve of Bugloss-flowers Pul Diatrag. frigid of each ℥ ss Turbithʒ v. Ginger ʒ ss Sennyʒ j. sweet Fennel-seedʒ j. white Sugar dissolved in Rose-water and cocted according to Art ℥ x. make it into a solid Electuary If this our restituted description arride not any one so well as that antick one of Stephanus Arnaldus or Guidon Cauliacus he may here take it ℞ of the Conserve of Violets of Borrage of eachʒ ij the roots of Bugloss Citron-Pill condited of eachʒ j. Gingerʒ ss Pul Diatrag. frigid ʒ ij Diagridiumʒ iij. Turbith ℥ ss Sennyʒ v. Sugar ℥ x. Let this Electuary be made into Tablets every one weighing ℥ ss which is the just dose The COMMENTARY This laxative Electuary of Oranges is a Catholical or Universal Cathartick for it draws both the Biles and Phlegm potently and without molestation especially that which we described first wherein every Purgative hath its castigator as Senny Fennel Turbith Ginger Diagridium condite Orange-Pill Conserves and rose-Rose-water wherein the Sugar is cocted All which roborate the heart and faculties and mitigate the said Purgatives The Powder of Diatragacanthum is put in to leniate the Sugar to deterge leniate and conserve VVe have also added four times the quantity of Orange-Pill both because it is its basis and because it recreates the principal parts of the body VVe also thought good to augment the quantity of Diagridium to bear some proportion with the rest otherwise its Purgative faculty being already imbecile would be made more impotent by the increment of the Conserves the Basis then of the Medicament the roboratives purgatives and castigatories being by us rightly described the whole as amended may be of most safe easie and approved use The Sugar should be cocted a little below the consistence of a solid Electuary because of the quantity of powders It is of very much use for it much
expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an excellent faculty in curing difficulty of breathing coughs from a cold cause and 〈…〉 for it incides attenuates cocts and moves spittle The ardent Syrupe is made of Sugar diluted in Aqua-vitae accended for after its conflagration the liquor that is left is oleous and of the spissitude of a Syrupe Clareta vulgaris or The vulgar Claret ℞ of the best Aqua-vitae lb ss of red rose-Rose-water ℥ iiij Sugar ℥ iij. Cinamon ℥ j. traject them three or four times through Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret This Claret is most grateful recreating the heart and principal parts fomenting innate calour and discussing flatulency Aqua contra Calculum or A Water against the Stone ℞ of the roots of Smallage Restharrow Sea-holly Radish cut in slices of each ℥ ij Bean-cods ℥ iij. all the Saxifrages Sea-Rattlegrass Pimpinel Bishopweed tops of Marshmallows of each m. ij Winter-cherries Red Cicers the seed of Grumwel of each ℥ ij Citrons cut orbicularly num iij. macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of white-wine afterwards distil it and put to the distilled water a little Oyl of Vitriol to make it more acid to the gust This water is eximious in breaking and expelling the Stone moving Urine and Fluors accelerating Birth attenuating viscid humours and removing obstructions two spoonfuls or thereabouts according to the age and strength of the assument should be taken in the morning fasting or long after meat Aqua ad Gonorrheam or A Water for the flux of Sperm ℞ of Bears-breech Garden-dock cut small tops of Marshmallows of each m.ij. the flowers of Water-Lillies m.i j.
plaisters being of a gentle drying clensing binding nature Lithiasis the Disease of the stone engendered in a mans body Lithontribon a Confection of the Apothecaries so called because it drives away and breaks the stone in a mans body Lithontriptica Medicines breaking the stone in the Bladder Lixivium see Lucinium Lixive Lee. Loches or Child-bed purgations and immoderate flux caused from the over-wide opening of the vessels or their tearing in hard travel Loch Lohoch or Linctus is a thick syrup or other soft substance not to be swallowed but let melt in the mouth that so it may gently slide down and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the breast lungs and throat Longanum the arse-gut Longaevity long life or old age Lotion a preparing of medicines or washing Loture the washings or water wherein any thing that leaves a taste or tincture behind it hath been washed Lozenges little tablets made up of several things with sugar to lie and melt in the mouth taken for colds Lubricating making slippery loosening Lues a plague or pestilence Lues venerea the French pox a plague containing all diseases in one and seldom cured perfectly Lucinium lixivum lye made of ashes which is profitable in healing outwardly and inwardly the best in caustick medicines Lunacy a disease wherein the patient is distracted at certain times of the Moon Lutation is a medicine thick or thin according to the heat and continuance of the fire which exactly stops the mouth of the vessel that no vapor pass out Lutetia Paris Luxation a loosening of the joynts Lycium a decoction made of the juyce or decoction of the bramble root Lysiponium medicines mitigating pain M Maceration steeping or soaking any thing in liquor till it be almost dissolved Macerated steeped Macilent lean slender Madefaction weting or making wet Madid moist wet Magistral syrup is a particular syrup prescribed by a skilful Physitian to his patient for a particular disease Malacia Pica a corrupt appetite by reason of humors gathered about the mouth of the stomach which is the cause of longings in women Malaxation softening loosening Malcolent that hath an ill smell Malignant medicaments violent pernicious unwholsome destructive medicines Malleable abiding the Hammer or Mallet or which may be wrought or beaten therewith Mamillary veins passages from the Womb to the breasts serving to convey the menstrual bloud thither to be converted into milk Manducated chewed Manna a kind of sweet dew like sugar Mania madness a doting without a fever with raging and fury Maniple an handful of herbs flowers roots and such like things Mansuete tame Manus Christi sugar boyled with Rose-water without putting any thing else to it it may be made with violet water or cinnamon water Mandrake a forrein plant bearing yellow round Apples the root of this herb is great and white like a Parship growing in two branches like the legs of a Woman which gives opportunity to Jugglers to Counterfeit obscene beastly Images therewith the root especially the bark is extreme cold and dry even to the fourth degree it is therefore very dangerous to be taken inward it 's usually given to cast people into a dead sleep when they are to be dismembered or cut of the stone Marchasia minerals which are unprepared as silver oar lead oar c. Marchasite a stone participating with the nature of some metal yet in some small quantity that the metal cannot be melted from it but will vapour away in smoak the stone turning to ashes These Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them whether it be gold silver brass or any other Some call any stone out of which fire may be struck a Marchasite Marcid musty unwholsome stinking nasty Marcor corruption rottenness Margarites the fairest sorts of pearls Mariscus the Piles Mastick a white and clear gum of a sweet savor it grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island of Chios it 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature whereby it strengthens the stomach stayes vomiting and stops any issue of bloud it 's good to rub the teeth to fasten them and make them white Masticatories medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum from malignity the venemous or poysonful quality of certain Humors and Diseases which makes them for the most part deadly Matter or Quittour the white thick filth that issues from sores and ulcers when they are on the mending hand Matrix Mediana vena the Median vein Matrix the Womb or place of Conception Maturity ripeness Measles a kind of small pox which arises from the impurities of the Mothers bloud Mechoacan a whitish root brought out of India called by some Indian or white Rhubarb it 's hot in the first and dry in the second degree and purgeth all humors of what kind soever with much ease it clenseth and comforteth the liver and all inward parts Mediastinum so called because it mediateth or divideth the chest in the midst Medicamen de Turbith a purging medicine Medick Physitian an abbreviation of the Latin word medicus Medium whatever is transparent or may be seen through is called a medium to the sight principally the air as its either thick or thin also glass water horn are called mediums when question is of seeing through them Medulla pith marrow Mel Honey is laxative clensing softening and healing Melancholia a melancholy kind of madness a doting without a fever with fear and sadness Melanogogon purgers of Melancholy Melitites honyed Wine Mellifluous sweet as hony Membrane a fleshy skin a coat serving as a coat for the arteries and veins Membranous skinny substances like parchment Meninges the films or Tunicles which are the coverings or coats wherein the brain is contained Menstruous a Woman which hath upon her her monthly flowers or which belongeth to them Mercury and Mercurial purges such as are made of Quicksilver chymically prepared Mercurius Quicksilver like a seeming friend which heals and kills Mercurius praecipitatus and sublimatus Mercury precipitate and sublimate Mercurius solis mercury of gold I shall leave the description hereof to the Philosophers by the fire Mercurius Lunae mercury of silver Mercurius martis mercury of iron Mercurius jovis mercury of tin Mercurius saturni mercury of lead Mercury is a liquid substance sowr or sharp volatile penetrable airy and most pure from which all nourishment proceeds Meri Arabum Oesephagus the mouth of the stomach Mesentery the skin which holds the guts together and runs along amongst them full of fatty knobs Metra Hippocratis uterus the Womb. Metrenchyta an instrument to inject liquid medicines into the Womb. Michleta the name of a Confection so called Microcosmographia a description of the body of man Microcosmus it properly signifies a little World but it 's commonly used to signifie a man who in himself hath something or other answering to any part of the great World Mictus sanguinis is a disease of the Reins through which thin wheyish bloud is passed Midriasis is the dilatation
erect boughs and leafes like Vine leafes but much lesse and fruits congested like Grapes small round red and acid The Mauritarians call these red Currans Riben whence our Apothecaryes borrowed their Ribes Botanicks constitute two sorts of this shrub the one bearing red fruit which is better the other black which is not celebrated for medicinall effects there is also a third that beares white and gratefull fruit some of the later writers call the former Ribesium and the other a species of the Gooseberry-Tree so making the berryes of the former red of the later white but they differ much in effigies colour sapour and magnitude For the Gooseberry-Tree is a spinous shrub luxuriating with many slender white and aculeated boughs broad crenated serrated leafes whitish flowers and fruits not racemously cohaerent but depending on long pedicles like berryes they are at first green afterwards white and when mature flave Ribes refrigerate siccate astringe moderately and roborate they extinguish the heat of Feavers represse choller contemperate fervid blood quench thirst arceate putretude help in malign Feavers in the subvertion of the ventricle and dysenteriall affections arising from heat a syrupe is made of their succe most efficacious and usefull for all these ends CHAP. XXIII Of Berberryes BErberryes grow upon spinous shrubs assurging with hard branches of five or six cubits heighth their bark is smooth and whitish their root flave the matter of their wood luteous their leafes numerous rigid acute oblong hard dilutely green crenated and somwhat rough their flowers depending on long pedicles are luteous mossy and splendent their fruits small oblong red and racemously cohaerent this Plant and fruit are called Spina acida or Oxyacantha by the shopmen Berberryes deduced from Avicenna his Amyrberis as Dodonaeus judges who calls this fruit Oxyacantha not Oxacanthum which Amybreris is the fruit of the acute or white spine it is red sweet and rotund they vulgarly call it Senella and Berberryes Spinivineta Berberryes refrigerate and siccate moderately Vires astringe potently cohibite the fluour of blood and other humours allay the heat of the bowells stay vomiting and recreate the intralls CHAP. XXIIII Of Filberds NOthing is better knowen then these Nutts the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or small Nutts Apothecaryes Filberds or Abellines from the Town Abellinum in Campania there they grow copiously some call them Ponticae because they come from Pontus others Praenestinae because the Praenestians useing these tolerate hunger long They are either domesticall or wild the domesticall are either long and reconded in long and herbaceous husks fimbriated about or rounder with a shorter and more patulous husk Those of the long ones are best that are contained in a red membrane the wild are smaller and lesse gratefull growing in Hedges and Woods All of them are gathered of a low Tree called a Hasle whose boughs if young are streight enodose and obsequious leafes broad acuminated and serrated about bark thin root crasse both fruit and Tree are well known Filberds ingrede the confecture of Lohoc de pineis they are sometimes incrustated with Sugar that they may serve instead of junkers and eat more pleasantly they are hard of concoction they are somwhat Bechicall and because of their pleasant sapour may be admixed to pectorall medicaments CHAP. XXV Of Fisticle-Nuts FIsticle-Nutts grow on a Tree like Terebinth whose exteriour tegument is very thin and green the second lignous fragile and whitish like a Nucament the Kernell is greenish dulcoamare and jucund Pliny saith that Vitellius first brought them out of Syria into Italy and Flaccus Pompeius into Spain Their Tree was heretofore exoticall but the sedulity of latter ages hath cicurated it so that it now fruticates in many Septentrionall coasts but its fruit seldome or never attains maturity the Shopmen call them Festici Posidonius Bistacle Nuts most Pistacle Nutts They are hot humid or temperate and salubre Vires they incrassate the tabid flegme coct and expurge the matter contained in the Lungs liberate the bowells from infarctures augment the spesperme excite to venery and auxiliate such as have pain in their reines CHAP. XXVI Of Almonds AN Almond is not so like a Quince-Tree as many write for it is more frondose taller and more lasting vested with a crasser barke more angust longer and crenated leafes it seldome fruticates in the Northern regions and seldomer fructisyes though its flowers are very patient of cold for explicating themselves before Winter be ended they tolerate frost innoxiously and produce Almonds copiously in Autumn which some cognominate Graecian and Thasian Nutts Some of these are amare hotter and lesse esculent others sweet culinary and more delectable both grow on a similar Tree Oyle is extracted out of both out of the amare bitter oyle which they say is good for paine in the eares out of the sweet sweet oyle which is temperate and most gratefull to nature for it may be given successefully to all ages and sexes as to very infants it is a most familiar and secure medicament for such as cough it cocts and expectorates humours delabeing upon the Stomack Two memorable effects are praedicated of bitter Almonds to witt that they kill Wolves and arceate ebriety whereof Plutarch tells a story There was saith he a Physician with Drusius the Son of Tiberius Caesar who being accustomed to eat bitter Almonds would superate all in drinking and never be overtaken with temulency The sweet ones being very pleasant afford many junkets for they are decorticated and set upon the Table or resiccated or incrustated and condited with Sugar or brayed and made into a sweet bread with Sugar and Rosewater called Macharones Vires or else made into a lacteous potion for puerperous women Bitter Almonds are hot and detersive sweet ones are pretty temperate gratefull to the Palate and Almonious CHAP. XXVII Of Wallnuts THe Wallnut is called Nux juglans as if one should say Jovis Glans or rather Juvans for Carpenters seeke to the Trunk of its Tree Dyers to its barke Boyes to its fruit Apothecaryes quaeritate its Medicinall use which Mithridates knew who confected his Antidote of Nutts and a few other additaments as also Galen who made his Diacaryon or Dianutum of their succe with as much honey as might dulcorateit with which medicament he cured a gardener almost suffocated with swellings inflammations and Kernells This Nutt-Tree is very grand with nervous leafes in face and cohaerence like Ash leafes but greater it growes in fields by high wayes in fat and restible ground as also in Gardens but because it affects and kills the vicine segetives and Plants with its odour it is planted about Hedges and Margins of fields according to that of the Poet. Me satane laedam nam satis laedere dicor Jmus in extremo margine fundus habet About Summers solstice its green and tender Nutts are excorticated and infused in water till they demit their amaritude then they are cocted
afterwards stuck with Cinnamom Cloves and then cocted in Sugar and kept and so they will roborate the weak ventricle and help concoction These Nutts dry do calefie and siccate their Oyle which is extracted by contusion and expression is calefactive it digests resolves roborates the nerves and discusses flatuosity and therefore it is rightly mixed in Clysters against Colicall dolours ariseing from flatuous and frigid humours CHAP. XXVIII Of Pine-Nuts THe Pine-Tree firre-Tree Pitch-Tree Cedar and Laring-Tree are all very tall coniferous resinifluous and almost all alike but some of them are exoticall not easily cicurable in our soyle as the Cedar of Palestina and Lebanon others are indeed Venaculous but altogether wild and Sylvestrian never planted in Gardens save for spectacles as the Firre-Tree Pitch-Tree and wild Pine but the true Pine is more urbane and mansuet which when they have got a crasse Caule emitt many boughs out of every side vested with slender and long leafes aculeated about Its fruits are called Pine-Apples which are compacted of many membranes like scales crasse hard and lignous in whose middles oblong rotund and sweet Kernells are involved in thin membranes which are somtimes called Pine-Nuts somtimes Coccali and somtimes Pinei This Nut is temperate but rather acceding to calour whence they inserve to venery for they augment sperme and milke nourish much conduce in inveterate coughs and help such as are tabid Besides the true Pine there are many wild ones as the three sorts of pitch Trees that delight in maritimous places and some others that grow sponraneously in Rocky and montanous places all of them as also the Firre-Tree and Larinx-Tree are Lachrimous and effuse either spontaneously or by vulneration either more liquid or more spisse whiter or blacker succes whereof we shall treat in the sequell section CHAP. XXIX Of Cypresse Nutts Cypresse is perpetually frondous its caule is tall round crasse and erect fastigiated with an orbicular summity with leafes like them of Pine but more carnous shorter obtuse and amare with many folious angust graveolent and rough but not pungent boughs Its fruits are Cones or Nutts representing them in shape which chinking or dehiscing with age and calour easily let fall their small seeds included in them the matter of the wood is solid flave and odorate very fitt for ligneous vessells There are two sorts of this Tree the one masculine which is faecund thrice annually bearing Nutts in Jannuary May and September its effigies is very morose it is graveolent and not delighted in shades The other is faeminine which is sterile neither beareing Nutts nor seed its boughs are more extended in other things it is like the masculine for both are perpetually frondous the same colour odour sapour virtue and effigies in both the Cypresse Tree is very patient of cold never startling at Winters Frosts yet the rigidity of the year 1608 killed all about Paris Theophrastus tells us that Cypresses grow in Creet spontaneously without seed as also in Mount Ida and other Mountaines where he affirmes that he found Cypresses amongst snow which their summityes never want though they will not grow else where unlesse they find tepour there exudes a certain Rosine out of Cypresses of the consistency with that of Larinx and a very sharpe sapour which is of rare use The whole Cypresse is calefactive exsiccative and astrictive Vires but its leafes buds Nutts and seeds are of most use they roborate laxe parts cohibite dysenteriall and cholicall affections and stay humours CHAP. XXX Of Bay-berryes and its fruit THe Bay-Tree called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which was consecrated to Apollo who coronated himselfe with a branch thereof for a signe of divination is a shrub perpetually frondous and green erecting its head to the just procerity of a Tree with many and crasse boughs invested in green barke with oblong broad mucronated hard green and suaveolent leafs white flowers crupting out of the boughs whereunto fruits or berryes succeed of an ovall figure black and gravidated with a solid stone suaveolent and amare with some acrimony This Tree germinates copiously all over France I saw some in Normandy near the Sea of the magnitude of an indifferent Oake but they grow more plenteously largely in Italie hot regions for they do not tolerate such rigid Winters as the sepentrionall incolists feel without harm for the frost often kills their branches and leafes however these abscinded new surcles arise in their stead Many write that this Tree is not only free from percussion with thunder but also any house wherein a bough thereof is reposed therefore Tiberius Caefar afrightned with the coruscations and fragour of Thunder was crowned with bayes Bay-berryes calefye much Vires siccate attenuate and discusse flatuosity they are mixed with medicaments that reficiate the lassitude of the nerves and with unguents which calefye and resolve their oyle expressed or elicited by decoction deleats and cures scabs blew places wheales and many faedityes of the skin and discusses effused humours CHAP. XXXI Of Juniper-Berryes JUniper is a lignous ramous shrub aequalizing an indifferent Tree in magnitude vested with a membranous and frequently disrumpent barke bearing berryes at first green and by maturity black of the magnitude of Pease its wood is flave like the Citrian Santulum its leafes are angust and acuminated rather resembling spines then leafes it growes spontaneously and thrives best in dry and incultivated places delighting more in montanous and squalid soyles then in plaine ones This Tree alone prolongs its fruit for two yeares which growing old will rather wither upon the Tree then decide Juniper is very like Cedar and by some called Oxycedrus but ill for though both have tortuous Caules acute leafes alwayes green and small round berryes yet they differ much for Oxycedrus is an Exoticall Plant with flave odorate and pleasant berryes its wood is red it growes spontaneously in Asia as Juniper in France Bellonius knew a greater kind of Juniper assurging to the altitude of a moderate Tree which beares berryes of the magnitude of filberds or somtimes aequaliseing Galls but ours is no whit lesse efficacious but it is probable much better and solely used in medicine Juniper effuses a certain resinous Gum which Serapio calls Sandarax the Latins Vernix in whose stead some have substituted Sandaracha being deceived with the affinity of the words now Sandaracha is a kind of auripigmentum and exitial poyson for there being three sorts of Arsenick the croceous by some called Risagalum the red or Sandaracha and the white or vulgar and all of them deletery Sandaracha must needs be exitious and not safely usurped for Juniper-Gum Pliny also uses Sandaracha in a farre more different sense to witt for that meat that Bees eate while they make their Combes which he somtimes calls Erithate and Cerinthus Juniper Berryes calefy help the Stomack move Urine Vires expurge crasse and viscid humours are good against inflammations gripings biteings