Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	dram_n	ounce_n	strain_v	5,319	5	11.9849	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

mutentur_fw-la fiquidem_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la sin_n minnus_fw-la indusium_fw-la tantum_fw-la cum_fw-la linteaminibus_fw-la atque_fw-la sic_fw-la aliqui_fw-la una_fw-la nocte_fw-la sola_fw-la sani_fw-la evaserunt_fw-la mediolanensem_fw-la quendam_fw-la vidi_fw-la ipse_fw-la aleppae_fw-la correptum_fw-la peste_fw-la ●na_fw-la cum_fw-la bubone_n in_o inguinibus_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la axilla_fw-la altero_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la pulvere_fw-la bis_fw-la in_o die_v mane_n scilicet_fw-la &_o vesperi_fw-la uteretur_fw-la sequenti_fw-la die_fw-la bubonibus_fw-la ruptis_fw-la convaluisse_fw-la the_o old_a mss._n receipt_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o year_n of_o that_o plague_n in_o the_o print_n it_o be_v 1525._o not_o 1540_o give_v as_o much_o as_o will_v lie_v on_o a_o sixpence_a or_o more_o in_o half_a a_o glass_n of_o white_a wine_n and_o direct_a to_o cover_v the_o party_n well_o and_o make_v he_o sweat_v and_o they_o add_v that_o some_o have_v take_v of_o the_o say_a powder_n over_o night_n and_o find_v themselves_o in_o the_o morning_n so_o well_o that_o they_o have_v rise_v up_o clothe_v themselves_o and_o walk_v about_o the_o house_n and_o final_o be_v thorough_o cure_v probat_fw-la ann._n domini_fw-la 1625._o the_o treasure_n for_o english_a man_n together_o or_o receipt_n publish_v in_o th._n vicary_n pag._n 245._o give_v a_o dram_n of_o the_o say_a powder_n temper_v with_o two_o ounce_n of_o planten-water_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o direct_v the_o patient_n to_o sweat_v upon_o it_o as_o much_o and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o can_v and_o in_o use_v this_o for_o three_o or_o four_o day_n together_o he_o will_v die_v or_o mend_v without_o all_o doubt_n by_o god_n help_n this_o have_v be_v often_o and_o true_o prove_v the_o author_n of_o a_o thousand_o notable_a thing_n give_v only_o half_a a_o dram_n with_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n of_o planten-water_n and_o direct_v they_o to_o sweat_v as_o alexius_n do_v thus_o they_o 142._o whereas_o mr._n r._n b._n say_v only_o that_o in_o the_o irish_a plague_n the_o arcanum_n which_o cure_v such_o number_n and_o which_o he_o purchase_v by_o the_o exchange_n of_o another_o secret_n be_v only_o a_o good_a dose_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o fully-ripe_a ivy-berrye_n which_o do_v usual_o work_v plentiful_o by_o sweat_n here_o be_v neither_o a_o account_n of_o the_o type_n or_o quality_n of_o that_o plague_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o one_o and_o another_o howbeit_o they_o go_v under_o one_o name_n not_o be_v they_o cure_v by_o one_o method_n no_o relation_n of_o the_o dose_n of_o the_o powder_n whether_o half_a a_o dram_n one_o two_o or_o three_o dram_n yet_o in_o the_o plague_n such_o sudorifique_n as_o be_v otherwise_o use_v be_v give_v in_o double_a quantity_n to_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v in_o lesser_a exigency_n and_o though_o it_o b●_n say_v to_o work_v plentiful_o by_o swea●_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o direction_n that_o the_o patient_a be_v lay_v to_o sweat_v but_o for_o all_o this_o say_n it_o may_v induce_v one_o that_o know_v no_o more_o than_o this_o about_o arcanum_n to_o advise_v it_o only_o as_o such_o powder_n be_v give_v frequent_o to_o continue_v with_o other_o medicine_n plain_a transpiration_n insensible_o in_o sum_n there_o be_v not_o set_v down_o whether_o that_o our_o irish_a physician_n do_v begin_v his_o cure_n with_o this_o powder_n or_o with_o what_o method_n he_o use_v it_o and_o when_o all_o these_o circumstance_n be_v add_v without_o which_o the_o receipt_n be_v useless_a though_o i_o be_o please_v to_o have_v read_v the_o happy_a success_n of_o it_o once_o yet_o i_o dare_v not_o promise_v that_o it_o shall_v again_o any_o more_o than_o mr._n sprat_n almost_o infallible_a cure_n of_o the_o sweating-sickness_n or_o those_o other_o anti-pestilential_a medicament_n now_o exact_o record_v by_o experimental_a galenist_n whereas_o pag._n 54._o i_o speak_v of_o the_o age_n of_o geber_n as_o follow_v of_o leo_n afer_n in_o my_o judgement_n and_o that_o he_o live_v but_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o mahomet_n and_o consequent_o many_o century_n before_o raym●nd_n lul_n the_o argument_n i_o use_v be_v manifest_a to_o any_o man_n that_o know_v the_o time_n of_o the_o birth_n of_o mahomet_n which_o yet_o historian_n fix_v to_o be_v orient_a some_o a._n d._n 570._o other_o a._n d._n 610._o other_o in_o 620._o and_o that_o the_o hegyra_n begin_v a._n d._n 622._o as_o v●ssius_n but_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o i_o observe_v here_o that_o as_o in_o all_o the_o arabian_a chronology_n so_o in_o this_o particular_a about_o the_o age_n of_o geber_n there_o be_v great_a uncertainty_n blancanus_n place_v gel●r_n the_o arabian_a in_o the_o nine_o century_n after_o christ_n novo_fw-la and_o so_o he_o must_v have_v live_v about_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o raymund_n lul_n the_o inquisitive_a and_o learned_a libavius_n reckon_v upon_o geber_n as_o contemporary_a with_o mahomet_n say_v geberus_fw-la quem_fw-la volunt_fw-la circa_fw-la annum_fw-la partûs_fw-la virginei_fw-la sexcentesimum_fw-la in_o vivis_fw-la fuisse_fw-la i_o find_v that_o vigner_n place_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 723._o ricciolus_n call_v he_o a_o spaniard_n geber_n hispalensis_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o astronomer_n he_o place_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1090._o and_o give_v this_o reason_n against_o blancanus_n that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o that_o geber_n in_o his_o astronomy_n mention_n arzachel_n who_o live_v in_o the_o twelve_o century_n after_o christ_n and_o who_o by_o the_o name_n of_o arzael_n be_v place_v by_o blancanus_n two_o century_n after_o geber_n that_o be_v within_o the_o eleven_o century_n after_o christ._n there_o be_v such_o a_o confusion_n in_o the_o arabian_a name_n that_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o imagine_v there_o be_v two_o gebers_n or_o more_o the_o name_n be_v common_o assume_v by_o the_o saracen_n the_o one_o very_o ancient_a and_o a_o chemist_n of_o who_o leo_n afer_n may_v speak_v and_o another_o in_o spain_n famous_a for_o astronomy_n who_o correct_v sundry_a thing_n in_o ptolomy_n almage_a of_o who_o ricciolus_n and_o other_o speak_v who_o call_v ge●er_o a_o spaniard_n as_o for_o raymund_n lul_n who_o mr._n henshaw_n place_v in_o the_o year_n 1333._o i_o find_v libavius_n to_o say_v he_o flourish_v soon_o illustris_fw-la fuit_fw-la reimundus_n anno_fw-la salvatoris_fw-la 1324._o but_o conringius_n relate_v how_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o year_n 1315._o 380._o lullius_n 1315._o octuagenarius_fw-la circiter_fw-la dum_fw-la religionem_fw-la christian●m_fw-la bugiae_fw-la in_o africa_n doceret_fw-la martyr_n lapidibus_fw-la obrutus_fw-la est_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v manife_a that_o if_o we_o place_v geber_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n with_o arzachel_n as_o ricciolus_n in_o his_o large_a and_o more_o accurate_a chronicle_n do_v than_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o mr._n henshaw_n to_o say_v that_o geber_n for_o certain_a flourish_v some_o century_n before_o raymundus_n lullius_n and_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o he_o mistake_v the_o age_n of_o lullius_n also_o so_o that_o if_o i_o grant_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o spaniard_n as_o i_o do_v not_o grant_v that_o geber_n the_o chemist_n be_v either_o a_o spaniard_n nor_o yet_o a_o indian_a king_n as_o some_o have_v think_v i_o have_v still_o just_a reason_n to_o except_v against_o mr._n henshaw_n where_o i_o say_v there_o be_v different_a salt-petres_a perhaps_o according_a to_o the_o several_a earth_n they_o be_v make_v and_o to_o what_o i_o say_v about_o the_o salt-petre_n gather_v of_o lime_n wall_n add_v that_o since_o the_o write_n hereof_o i_o have_v be_v where_o a_o new_a cellar_n yield_v i_o a_o quantity_n of_o peter_n on_o the_o wall_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v rather_o like_v the_o salt_n of_o calx_fw-la viva_fw-la than_o of_o nitre_n yet_o do_v it_o burn_v without_o leave_v any_o fix_a salt_n at_o all_o so_o that_o if_o mr._n henshaw_n friend_n have_v mind_v that_o perhaps_o there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n deduce_v thence_o either_o in_o order_n to_o physic_n or_o the_o manufacture_n of_o gunpowder_n finis_fw-la the_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la reduce_v to_o a_o non_fw-fr plus_fw-fr or_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o some_o animadversion_n upon_o the_o plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la of_o mr._n glanvill_n wherein_o sundry_a error_n of_o some_o virtvosi_n be_v discover_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o in_o part_n re-advanced_n and_o inquiry_n make_v about_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ancient_a education_n in_o england_n above_o the_o novel_a and_o mechanical_a the_o old_a peripatetic_a notion_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aëreal_a column_n or_o cylinder_n the_o deceitfulness_n of_o telescope_n the_o world_n in_o the_o moon_n and_o a_o voyage_n thither_o the_o original_a and_o progress_n of_o chemistry_n the_o use_n of_o chemical_a m●dicaments_n the_o vsefulness_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n

bath_n into_o a_o lacteous_a colour_n and_o opacity_n insomuch_o that_o it_o represent_v a_o almond-milk_n and_o after_o a_o time_n there_o precipitate_v to_o the_o bottom_n a_o insipid_a magistery_n resemble_v burn_v heart_n horn_n fine_o powder_v the_o precipitate_v powder_n be_v more_o copious_a in_o the_o affusion_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a then_o that_o of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o the_o former_a in_o that_o mixture_n lose_v its_o urinous_a smell_n and_o make_v no_o unpleasant_a but_o a_o unctuous_a soft_a emulsion●like_a drink_n which_o the_o other_o retain_v not_o a_o man_n of_o they_o ever_o try_v whether_o the_o several_a bathwater_n will_v coagulate_v milk_n which_o i_o try_v first_o and_o find_v that_o the_o kings-bath_n water_n make_v posset_n with_o a_o soft_a cu●d_n and_o whitish_a posset-drink_a which_o will_v not_o become_v clear_a the_o cross-bath_n make_v a_o hard_a curd_n a_o clean_a but_o whitish-posset-drink_a the_o pump-water_n of_o the_o cross-bath_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o neighbour_a hot_a bath_n yield_v a_o hard_a curd_n a_o clear_a and_o very_a green_a posset-drink_a which_o be_v drink_v by_o a_o woman_n that_o give_v suck_v breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o milk_n more_o than_o fennel●posset-drink_a and_o make_v she_o break_v abundance_n of_o wind_n which_o those_o usual_o do_v that_o drink_v the_o bath-water_n and_o i_o believe_v this_o way_n of_o give_v the_o bath-water_n may_v be_v no_o small_a improvement_n of_o physic_n be_v those_o course_n take_v there_o and_o that_o method_n which_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a bath_n and_o water_n that_o be_v drink_v may_v easy_o pitch_v upon_o but_o this_o be_v above_o the_o read_n of_o our_o comical_a wit_n i_o can_v find_v no_o ground_n to_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o sulphur_n or_o bitumen_n in_o the_o bath_n but_o rather_o some_o odd_a alcali_n mix_v with_o the_o vitriol_n of_o iron●_n ●_z iron_n i_o extract_v the_o salt_n by_o evaporation_n of_o two_o gallon_n of_o the_o cross-bath-water_n further_o and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o three_o quart_n i_o set_v it_o to_o shoot_v but_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o salt-peter_n at_o all_o then_o i_o evaporate_v it_o to_o three-pint_n but_o still_o neither_o salt-peter_n or_o any_o other_o salt_n appear_v then_o i_o evaporate_v it_o quite_o away_o and_o then_o i_o have_v about_o two_o ounce_n of_o a_o dark-coloured_n salt_n which_o at_o first_o resemble_v cream_n of_o tartar_n somewhat_o in_o taste_n but_o have_v lie_v long_a on_o the_o tongue_n it_o resemble_v very_o much_o the_o vitriolum_fw-la mortis_fw-la with_o some_o more_o alcalisate_n taste_v i_o perform_v the_o operation_n both_o in_o iron_n and_o glass_n vessel_n with_o little_a difference_n of_o the_o taste_n or_o quantity_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o the_o say_a salt_n dissolve_v into_o a_o moisture_n in_o the_o air_n do_v eat_v off_o the_o write_n upon_o such_o paper_n as_o it_o fall_v and_o turn_v the_o paper_n yellow_a all_o over_o and_o rot_v it_o i_o make_v a_o lixivium_n with_o the_o cross-bath_n water_n and_o evaporate_v that_o think_v that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o unctuous_a matter_n in_o the_o water_n it_o may_v hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o nitre_n in_o its_o shoot_n but_o neither_o can_v i_o find_v any_o thing_n of_o nitre_n this_o way_n but_o still_o there_o be_v a_o taste_n of_o ●he_n vitriolum_fw-la mortis_fw-la in_o the_o salt_n and_o 〈◊〉_d mr●_n 〈◊〉_d a_o practitioner_n there_o assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v know_v the_o bath●water_n drink_v and_o to_o have_v tinge_v the_o 〈…〉_z can_v avow_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o i_o inquire_v about_o 〈◊〉_d truth_n of_o what_o dr._n mearn_n have_v write_v about_o the_o stone_n he_o take_v up●_n upon_o landsdown_a which_o be_v infuse_v in_o water_n produce_v a_o resemble_v heat_n and_o taste_v to_o what_o be_v in_o the_o bath_n 〈…〉_z maplet_n a_o inquisitive_a and_o learned_a physician_n there_o who_o be_v with_o dr._n mearn_v then_o and_o have_v some_o of_o the_o mineral_n stone_n assure_v i_o it_o be_v a_o limerstone_n so_o do_v mr._n chapman_n a_o observe_a apothecary_n there_o who_o likewise_o see_v the_o stone_n and_o taste_v the_o infusion_n in_o fine_a where_o dr._n mearn_n take_v up_o that_o stone_n any_o man_n may_v take_v up_o ●_o thousand_o they_o not_o be_v east_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o drop_v out_o of_o the_o lime●carts_n which_o pass_v that_o way_n into_o bathe●_n ●_z the_o kill_v be_v thereabouts_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cross-bath_n many_o be_v of_o red_a rusty_a colour_n other_o green_a but_o concern_v the_o batthe_n i_o may_v next_o summer_n during_o my_o stay_n there_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o june_n and_o july_n if_o god_n gi●e_v i_o life_n and_o health_n make_v a_o further_a narrative_a i_o only_o mention_v on_o this_o to_o prevent_v the_o virtuoso_n from_o usurp_a upon_o my_o discovery_n and_o intendment_n yet_o to_o do_v they_o some_o justice_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o some_o of_o their_o transaction_n they_o have_v this_o observation_n about_o bath_n that_o if_o any_o person_n that_o be_v drink_v go_v in_o there_o the_o bath_n will_v make_v he_o sober_a if_o any_o that_o be_v in_o the_o bath_n drink_v free_o there_o it_o will_v cause_v he_o to_o be_v present_o drink_v with_o less_o drink_n by_o far_o then_o if_o he_o be_v out_o of_o it_o this_o report_n be_v worthy_a of_o our_o philosopher_n and_o advance_v their_o intelligence_n above_o the_o credit_n that_o aristotle_n and_o his_o hunter_n deserve_v the_o first_o part_n be_v defective_a for_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v that_o the_o drink_v person_n must_v sit_v still_o and_o sweat_v sound_o if_o he_o stir_v up_o and_o down_o or_o swim_v he_o shall_v be_v more_o sick_a than_o if_o he_o have_v never_o come_v in_o the_o second_o part_n be_v notorious_o false_a and_o all_o the_o bath-guide_n and_o other_o that_o have_v try_v it_o avow_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o townsman_n to_o sit_v some_o hour_n and_o drink_n in_o the_o parlour_n of_o the_o queen●-bath_n and_o never_o be_v drink_v and_o they_o say_v a_o man_n that_o sweat_v there_o shall_v bear_v much_o mo●e_n drink_v then_o if_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o bath_n which_o i_o think_v rational_a and_o agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o indies_n where_o man_n sweat_v and_o have_v more_o drink_n than_o in_o england_n and_o strong_a but_o i_o come_v now_o to_o that_o case_n for_o which_o i_o add_v this_o discourse_n and_o that_o be_v observation_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o bathwater_n and_o other_o liquor_n with_o blood_n and_o the_o phaenomen●_n thereupon_o which_o though_o i_o may_v reserve_v for_o that_o other_o discourse_n of_o i_o about_o phlebotomy_n yet_o i_o will_v oblige_v my_o reader_n with_o some_o of_o those_o curiosity_n here_o especial_o since_o it_o will_v give_v he_o occasion_n to_o reflect_v how_o facile_a it_o be_v to_o multiply_v such_o experiment_n and_o how_o negligent_a they_o be_v who_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o grand_a observator_n of_o this_o age._n when_o i_o go_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o bath_n among_o other_o preparatives_n thereto_o which_o be_v better_a take_v upon_o the_o place_n then_o at_o a_o distance_n i_o cause_v myself_o to_o be_v let_v blood_n and_o be_v willing_a to_o improve_v that_o occasion_n as_o well_o for_o my_o instruction_n as_o health_n i_o c●used_v several_a venice-glass_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o several_a liquor_n each_o liquor_n amount_v to_o some_o three_o ounce_n and_o into_o each_o glass_n i_o suffer_v to_o run_v as_o much_o as_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o blood_n or_o little_o more_o take_v no_o other_o measure_n then_o that_o the_o whole_a liquor_n seem_v of_o a_o deep_a blood_n red_a the_o phaenomena_n thereupon_o be_v these_o ensue_a be_v observe_v present_o after_o i_o have_v bind_v up_o my_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o condition_n to_o write_v 1._o that_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o spirit_n of_o s●l_a ammoniac_a draw_v the_o leiden-way_n keep_v of_o a_o equal_a consistence_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a and_o not_o transparent_a li●e_z tent-wine_n 2._o into_o two_o several_a glass_n i_o have_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n of_o ash_n and_o wormwood_n half_o a_o dram_n in_o three_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o solution_n of_o these_o two_o salt_n show_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o the_o top_n after_o some_o space_n be_v of_o a_o florid_n red_a such_o as_o be_v visible_a in_o waterish_a blood_n for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o bottom_n be_v of_o a_o more_o dark_a red_a and_o resemble_v tent-wine_n 3._o a_o forth_o glass_n hold_v oleum_fw-la tartari_fw-la per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la the_o blood_n and_o that_o liquor_n do_v not_o first_o mix_v but_o be_v a●_n two_o distinct_a liquor_n

notwithstanding_o that_o the_o blood_n have_v stream_v into_o the_o glass_n after_o a_o while_n the_o blood_n and_o oil_n mix_v together_o and_o it_o all_o become_v of_o a_o deep-red_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n the_o surface_n only_o be_v transparent_a and_o of_o a_o bright_a red_n as_o that_o of_o the_o other_o alcalisate_n liquor_n but_o not_o so_o far_o downwards●_n the_o rest_n be_v as_o tent-wine_n 4._o i_o dissolve_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o all●m_n in_o three_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o upon_o bleed_v thereupon_o all_o the_o crimson_a of_o the_o blood_n be_v immediate_o destroy_v and_o it_o become_v almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n after_o a_o little_a space_n towards_o the_o surface_n it_o clear_v up_o there_o be_v certain_a bubble_n on_o the_o top_n that_o continue_v the_o redness_n 5._o another_o glass_n hold_v a_o quantity_n of_o the_o kings-bath_n water_n the_o blood_n that_o do_v stream_n into_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a but_o transparent_a as_o deep_a bourdeaux_n wine_n show_v a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n it_o be_v deep_o red_a not_o transparent_a but_o like_o tent_n wine_n 6._o the_o cross-bath_n alter_v little_a from_o the_o kings-bath_n save_v that_o the_o transparency_n of_o the_o surface_n extend_v itself_o downward_o to_o a_o great_a profundity_n than_o the_o other_o 7._o a_o solution_n of_o half_a a_o dram_n of_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la yield_v a_o blood_n on_o the_o surface_n like_v to_o that_o of_o salt_n of_o wormwood_n but_o not_o to_o so_o deep_a a_o descent_n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n and_o consistence_n of_o tent_n wine_n after_o they_o have_v stand_v in_o the_o window_n about_o five_o hour_n i_o return_v and_o observe_v these_o phaenomena_n 1._o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a continue_v like_o tent-wine_n only_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o barley-corn_n be_v diaphanous_a as_o deep_a bourdeaux-wine_n 2._o that_o with_o the_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la coagulate_v into_o a_o mass_n shrink_v from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n leave_v they_o super-natant_a water_n of_o a_o pale_a citrin_n colour_n the_o mass_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o florid_n red_a on_o the_o surface_n and_o of_o a_o deep_a red_a not_o blackish_a to_o the_o bottom_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v 3._o that_o with_o the_o cross-bath_n water_n change_v not_o but_o seem_v thick_a as_o tent-wine_n the_o upper_a part_n be_v diaphanous_a and_o like_o deep_a bourdeaux-wine_n 4._o that_o with_o the_o kings-bath_n water_n change_v not_o only_o the_o diaphanous_a surface_n extend_v not_o itself_o downward_o so_o far_o as_o the_o other_o bathwater_n do_v 5._o the_o solution_n of_o all●m_n continue_v all_o fluid_a and_o black_a no_o coagulate_v mass_n therein_o but_o the_o bubble_n have_v lose_v their_o crimson-colour_n and_o be_v become_v cineritious_a 6._o that_o with_o the_o salt_n of_o wormwood_n resemble_v deep_a bourdeaux_n wine_n but_o be_v less_o diaphanoux_fw-fr a_fw-fr little_a below_o the_o surface_n the_o surface_n extend_v downward_o to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o barley-corn_n with_o a_o perfect_a transparency_n 7._o that_o wherein_o be_v the_o sal_fw-la fraxini_fw-la be_v diaphanou_n to_o the_o bottom_n no_o innatant_fw-la filament_n or_o coagulate_v mass_n in_o it_o but_o the_o surface_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o barley-corn_n be_v like_o decay_a claret_n make_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o white_a and_o red_a wine_n the_o residue_n be_v deep_a like_o that_o of_o bourdeaux_n 8._o that_o with_o the_o oleum_fw-la tartari_fw-la per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v diaphanous_a to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o barley-corn_n and_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o bourdeaux_n wine_n the_o low_a part_n un-coagulated_n and_o like_o tent●wine_n 9_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o all_o the_o liquor_n they_o be_v hold_v up_o to_o the_o light_n except_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a do_v create_v a_o corona_fw-la of_o several_a colour_n mix_v with_o green_a blue_a and_o so_o as_o not_o one_o resemble_v the_o other_o that_o with_o the_o oleum_fw-la tartari_fw-la per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la resemble_v the_o blue_a in_o bourdeaux_n wine_n with_o a_o eye_n of_o green_a i_o have_v forget_v to_o relate_v how_o i_o keep_v some_o of_o the_o blood_n in_o a_o separate_a pottinger_n and_o it_o seem_v excellent_o well_o colour_v when_o it_o coagulated●_n the_o top_n be_v of_o a_o due_a red_a the_o bottom_n blackish_a red_a the_o serum_fw-la of_o a_o due_a transparency_n and_o proportion_n and_o not_o tinge_v to_o citrine_n colour_n and_o coagulate_v all_o as_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n over_o a_o gentle_a fire_n i_o pour_v also_o upon_o the_o blood_n in_o two_o other_o pottinger_n upon_o the_o one_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n on_o the_o other_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a but_o not_o much_o perhaps_o a_o dram_n or_o more_o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n at_o first_o seem_v more_o florid_n then_o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a both_o coagulate_v into_o mass●s_n after_o a_o while_n and_o be_v then_o both_o of_o one_o colour_n on_o the_o surface_n but_o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a coagulate_v its_o mass_n so_o as_o to_o break_v from_o the_o side_n that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n do_v not_o break_v from_o the_o side_n whether_o the_o blood_n of_o one_o and_o the_o other_o may_v differ_v i_o know_v not_o but_o both_o immediate_o follow_v one_o the_o other_o that_o blood_n which_o have_v nothing_o mix_v with_o it_o after_o coagulation_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o other_o two_o though_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o the_o spirit_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o wear_v take_v and_o that_o expose_v only_o to_o the_o air._n after_o a_o while_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o with_o the_o kings-bath-water_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fatty_a crem●r_n which_o cover_v the_o whole_a surface_n and_o so_o on_o that_o with_o the_o queens-bath-water_n the_o other_o have_v none_o at_o all_o on_o monday_n after_o dinner_n the_o next_o day_n after_o i_o have_v blede_n i_o come_v to_o observe_v again_o and_o find_v 1._o that_o with_o the_o sal_fw-la fraxini_fw-la to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o diaphanous_a resemble_v bourdeaux_n wine_n that_o with_o the_o sal_fw-la abscynthii_fw-la less_o diaphanous_a but_o red_a still_o 2._o i_o observe_v the_o solution_n of_o allom●_n ●_z and_o however_o it_o look_v black_a yet_o be_v hold_v in_o a_o clear_a light_n one_o may_v discover_v in_o it_o visible_a appearance_n of_o a_o deep_a red_a i_o pour_v on_o it_o some_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a to_o see_v if_o it_o will_v restore_v the_o colour_n but_o in_o stead_n of_o that_o the_o liquor_n coagulate_v present_o into_o little_a massula_fw-la or_o flake_n resemble_v raw_a flesh_n when_o the_o blood_n be_v wash_v out_o 3._o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a 4._o that_o with_o the_o queens-bath-water_n continue_v more_o diaphanous_o red_a towards_o the_o top_n but_o that_o with_o the_o kings-bath-water_n do_v not_o lose_v its_o redness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o diaphanous_a near_o the_o surface_n 5._o of_o the_o two_o pottinger_n in_o which_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a though_o both_o be_v coagulate_v yet_o that_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v the_o most_o florid_n 6._o that_o with_o the_o oleum_fw-la tar●ari_fw-la per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la continue_v red_a but_o lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n at_o the_o top_n almost_o quite_o 7._o that_o with_o the_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la after_o the_o coagulate_v mass_n have_v subside_v have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o sixpence_n a_o concrete_a jelly_n exact_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o clear_a hartshorn_n not_o boil_a up_o to_o its_o great_a height_n from_o hence_o protend_v certain_a filament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v buoy_v up_o thereby_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v not_o the_o bottom_n the_o jelly_n be_v insipid_a and_o stick_v to_o my_o finger_n when_o i_o touch_v it_o whether_o that_o little_a which_o do_v so_o adhere_v take_v off_o from_o the_o equipollency_n of_o the_o two_o body_n or_o whether_o i_o break_v casual_o some_o of_o the_o protend_v filament_n or_o from_o what_o other_o cause_n i_o know_v not_o but_o after_o a_o while_n the_o mass_n sink_v quite_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o draw_v the_o gelatine_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n 8._o upon_o the_o pour_v out_o of_o the_o blood_n that_o with_o the_o queens-bath_n water_n happen_v to_o seem_v of_o a_o pure_a claret_n like_o bourdeaux_n wine_n no_o settle_n or_o float_a filament_n but_o something_o red_a which_o resemble_v exact_o

a_o history_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o gunpowd_a th●y_v be_v certain_o a_o lamentable_a sort_n of_o scribbler_n that_o write_v so_o ill_o have_v so_o good_a copy_n before_o they_o that_o noble_a siennoi●_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v nicolo_n tartaglia_n in_o his_o quesi●i_fw-la et_fw-la inven●ioni_fw-la diverse_a and_o pietro_n sardi_n in_o his_o book_n l'artiglieria_n have_v write_v excellent_o well_o of_o this_o subject_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o casimirus_n semienowicz_n a_o lithuanian_a knight_n and_o former_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o ordnance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n publish_v a_o most_o elaborate_v discourse_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o great_a artillery_n he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o make_v those_o study_n his_o business_n &_o have_v signalise_v himself_o by_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o management_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o artillery_n he_o be_v employ_v &_o honour_v by_o uladislaus_n the_o four_o king_n of_o poland_n &_o sweden_n by_o he_o encourage_v to_o that_o work_n &_o to_o accomplish_v it_o the_o bett●r_n at_o his_o charge_n send_v into_o holland_n there_o to_o perfect_v his_o knowledge_n this_o eminent_a personage_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o first_o part_n have_v handle_v all_o that_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o gunpowder_n to_o the_o trial_n and_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o and_o be_v not_o the_o discourse_n too_o long_o i_o have_v insert_v it_o h●re_v but_o because_o i_o have_v already_o make_v use_n of_o several_a passage_n ou●_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v the_o discourse_n only_o of_o pietro_n sardi_n and_o nicolo_n tartaglia_n where_o they_o be_v defective_a or_o need_v amendment_n i_o shall_v supply_v all_o out_o of_o cas._n semienowicz_n who_o kircher_n call_v semienovius_fw-la in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subterraneous_a and_o out_o of_o he_o transcribe_v most_o that_o he_o have_v about_o this_o subject_n there_o the_o discourse_n of_o pietro_n sardi_n about_o salt-petre_a &_o gunpowder_n in_o his_o book_n l'_fw-mi artigleria_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 49_o 50_o 51.52_o 53_o 54._o print_v in_o venice_n in_o folio_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v the_o groundwork_n strength_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o powder_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o nitre_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o fine_a and_o effectual_a it_o seem_v good_a here_o to_o discourse_v somewhat_o concern_v it_o whence_o it_o be_v generate_v how_o make_v and_o reduce_v to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n the_o gunner_n in_o every_o occasion_n want_v powder_n powder-maker_n and_o saltpetre-man_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o if_o not_o in_o that_o perfection_n which_o the_o saltpeter-man_n do_v by_o their_o art_n yet_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v in_o time_n of_o necessity_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o from_o wall_n in_o small_a to_o wit_n from_o that_o salt_n which_o some_o wall_n of_o cellar_n and_o vault_n under_o ground_n expose_v to_o humidity_n do_v spew_v forth_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n it_o but_o not_o in_o all_o place_n but_o such_o as_o be_v proper_a as_o those_o be_v that_o be_v obscure_a and_o cavernous_a whe●e_v the_o rain_n fall_v not_o as_o in_o the_o stall_n of_o animal_n great_a and_o small_a and_o particular_o goat_n sheep_n and_o hog_n in_o gascoigne_n in_o france_n 266_o i_o go_v in_o the_o company_n of_o the_o commissary_n of_o the_o artigliery_a of_o the_o city_n of_o bordeaux_n through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o little_a hill_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o river_n garonne_n draw_v and_o dig_v in_o many_o place_n great_a quantity_n of_o this_o salt-petre-earth_n and_o in_o brussels_n i_o have_v see_v they_o draw_v sal●nitre_n from_o rubbish_n and_o d●st_n of_o old_a wall_n and_o in_o france_n th●re_o be_v commission_n give_v to_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o the_o artillery_n disperse_v through_o that_o vast_a kingdom_n to_o enter_v into_o all_o house_n private_a and_o public_a to_o find_v out_o such_o salt-peter-earth_n and_o the_o private_a person_n be_v force_v to_o be_v patient_a because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o there_o be_v three_o way_n to_o know_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v pregnant_a of_o salt-petre_n 1._o with_o the_o mouth_n put_v a_o little_a on_o the_o tongue_n if_o there_o be_v sense_n of_o a_o bite_a tas●_n 2._o with_o a_o burn_a iron-thrust_a into_o a_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o sharp_a wooden_a stick_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v there_o and_o if_o upon_o draw_v it_o out_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o yellow_a whitish_a colour_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n there_o be_v nitre_n there_o but_o if_o it_o remain_v of_o the_o natural_a colour_n it_o be_v unprofitable_a 3._o it_o be_v prove_v likewise_o ib._n take_v a_o handful_n and_o sprinkle_v it_o light_o on_o burn_a coal_n if_o there_o be_v perceive_v any_o crackle_v noise_n and_o any_o sparkle_n issue_n forth_o speedy_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o salt-petre-earth_n otherwise_o of_o none_o have_v get_v great_a quantity_n of_o this_o pregnant_a earth_n you_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v ready_a a_o good_a quantity_n of_o ash_n make_v of_o oak_n cerro_n holm_n oak_n or_o 〈…〉_z vine-branche_n or_o some_o other_o strong_a wood_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o quicklime_n which_o thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v take_v two_o part_n of_o the_o say_a lime_n and_o three_o of_o ash_n and_o let_v they_o be_v well_o mingle_v together_o let_v there_o be_v also_o prepare_v a_o great_a 〈…〉_z vessel_n place_v on_o high_a in_o such_o manner_n that_o under_o it_o may_v stand_v another_o vessel_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v strain_v from_o that_o above_o in_o the_o upper_a vessel_n shall_v be_v put_v broom_n or_o straw_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o plain_n and_o over_o the_o hole_n where_o the_o water_n be_v to_o issue_v ou●_n shall_v be_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o tile_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o woman_n do_v in_o their_o buck_n and_o the_o hole_n must_v be_v ●hut_v very_o well_o afterwards_o take_v the_o salnitrous_a earth_n moderate_o dry_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n a_o handful_n thick_a and_o upon_o that_o a_o ground_n of_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n high_a of_o that_o ash_n and_o lime_n mingle_v together_o supra_fw-la and_o then_o a_o ground_n of_o earth_n and_o again_o of_o ash_n and_o lime_n continue_v this_o course_n until_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a within_o a_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a this_o be_v thus_o manage_v let_v it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o common_a water_n sweet_a and_o clear_a in_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o salt_n ib._n and_o because_o the_o earth_n will_v quick_o suck_v up_o the_o water_n let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o so_o by_o degree_n till_o the_o earth_n will_v admit_v no_o more_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v equal_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o high_o it_o be_v thus_o fill_v let_v it_o stand_v twenty_o four_o hour_n or_o more_o after_o which_o time_n open_a the_o tap-hole_n and_o let_v the_o water_n strain_n into_o the_o vessel_n underneath_o which_o be_v all_o strain_a let_v that_o water_n be_v empty_v into_o another_o vessel_n or_o tun_n and_o reserve_v 18._o and_o then_o put_v in_o some_o fresh_a water_n into_o the_o earth_n vessel_n as_o before_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n then_o open_v the_o tap-hole_n again_o let_v it_o strain_v into_o the_o vessel_n which_o do_v put_v apart_o into_o another_o vessel_n this_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o first_o do_v this_o a_o three_o time_n and_o empty_v it_o into_o a_o three_o vessel_n this_o be_v do_v make_v proof_n of_o these_o three_o water_n by_o put_v some_o few_o drop_n on_o your_o tongue_n and_o taste_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o first_o very_a bite_n the_o second_o less_o and_o the_o three_o lest_o of_o all_o for_o the_o first_o draw_v more_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o but_o there_o may_v be_v the_o four_o operation_n for_o sometime_o the_o earth_n do_v retain_v so_o much_o nitrous_a substance_n therein_o that_o it_o may_v prove_v advantageous_a even_o to_o the_o five_o and_o six_o time_n and_o all_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v apart_o with_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o etc._n etc._n as_o many_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v by_o this_o operation_n of_o one_o vessel_n or_o ●un_v may_v be_v apprehend_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o hundred_o or_o as_o many_o as_o you_o please_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o prepare_a earth_n observe_v always_o that_o the_o first_o water_n strain_v be_v put_v in_o one_o vessel_n or_o in_o what_o will_v contain_v they_o and_o all_o the_o

other_o water_n careless_o in_o one_o or_o more_o vessel_n that_o will_v hold_v they_o these_o last_o water_n shall_v be_v take_v and_o force_v to_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n operate_n as_o before_o and_o so_o many_o time_n shall_v they_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n until_o you_o find_v the_o water_n sufficient_o impregnate_v with_o nitre_n which_o you_o shall_v easy_o know_v by_o the_o taste_n for_o the_o tongue_n will_v be_v hardly_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o for_o the_o great_a hea●_n and_o the_o water_n will_v bear_v almost_o a_o new_a lay_v egg_n without_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n ibid._n have_v collect_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o nitrous_a water_n you_o must_v put_v it_o into_o one_o or_o more_o great_a brazen_a or_o copper_n caldron_n like_o those_o of_o the_o dyer_n accommodate_v to_o a_o furnace_n which_o be_v fill_v of_o two_o three_o of_o such_o liquor_n i._n e._n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o caldron_n be_v yet_o empty_a give_v fire_n to_o it_o at_o first_o gentle_o afterward_o more_o strong_o by_o degree_n until_o the_o boil_a be_v well_o advance_v and_o so_o continue_v until_o the_o caldron_n be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n full_a of_o liquor_n or_o to_o say_v better_a until_o but_o half_a of_o what_o be_v put_v in_o do_v remain_v the_o water_n of_o one_o or_o more_o caldron_n be_v boil_a and_o reduce_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n ibid._n let_v they_o be_v gentle_o take_v out_o and_o put_v in_o a_o capacious_a tun_n or_o tun_n well_o hoop_v with_o hoop_n of_o iron_n and_o let_v they_o be_v cover_v with_o hempen_a cloth_n and_o table_n upon_o they_o very_o diligent_o and_o so_o let_v they_o be_v leave_v until_o they_o cool_v and_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v very_o well_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o earthy_a substance_n and_o naughty_a salt_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n congeli_fw-la these_o water_n be_v thus_o purify_v let_v they_o again_o be_v gentle_o that_o they_o be_v not_o trouble_v but_o the_o common_a salt_n and_o earthiness_n leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n return_v in_o to_o the_o cleanse_a caldron_n and_o they_o be_v boil_a as_o at_o first_o until_o one_o half_a be_v consume_v ib._n or_o at_o least_o until_o you_o know_v it_o be_v boil_a and_o be_v coagulate_v which_o will_v be_v know_v when_o take_v a_o little_a upon_o a_o stick_n and_o drop_v it_o on_o a_o polish_v marble_n or_o stone_n if_o it_o remain_v congeal_v or_o to_o say_v better_o thicken_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v boil_a and_o therefore_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v it_o be_v thus_o cool_v &_o clarify_v let_v there_o be_v ready_a some_o tray●_n make_v of_o plank_n long_o &_o not_o too_o large_a nor_o too_o deep_a but_o more_o large_a in_o the_o top_n then_o in_o the_o bottom_n let_v these_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o boil_a and_o clarify_a water_n a_o handful_n high_a put_v into_o they_o some_o little_a stick_n of_o wood_n without_o bark_n and_o cover_v the_o tray_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v so_o two_o or_o three_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n or_o long_o according_a to_o the_o season_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o sal-nitri_a congeal_v and_o cleave_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o the_o stick_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o clear_a crystal_n which_o take_v away_o careful_o and_o the_o water_n that_o remain_v let_v it_o be_v put_v to_o boil_v anew_o as_o at_o first_o leave_v the_o salt_n and_o the_o dregs_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o boil_a swell_n and_o make_v a_o scum_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v away_o that_o scum_n careful_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o fleshpot_n and_o to_o reserve_v that_o scum_n to_o throw_v it_o upon_o the_o earth_n take_v from_o the_o tun_n to_o reimpregnate_n it_o with_o salt-petre_a moreover_o because_o the_o water_n in_o boil_a will_v spatter_v out_o of_o the_o caldron_n to_o remedy_v this_o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o strong_a lie_n make_v 3_o fourth_n of_o fern_n ash_n or_o the_o ash_n of_o oak_n holm_n o●_n oak_n or_o with_o ash_n or_o maple_n such_o as_o be_v use_v a●_n the_o first_o elixiviation_n and_o of_o one_o four_o of_o quicklime_n and_o in_o the_o say_v strong_a lie_n for_o every_o hundred_o pint_n let_v there_o be_v dissolve_v four_o pound_n for_o roach-allu●●_a and_o of_o this_o lie_n so_o prepare_v take_v one_o or_o two_o pot●uls_n and_o throw_v it_o in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o it_o will_v present_o be_v quiet_a and_o descend_v and_o become_v of_o a_o clear_a azure_a colour_n and_o the_o dregs_n of_o the_o common_a salt_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o manner_n to_o refine_v sal-p●trae_a to_o make_v gunpowder_n cap._n 50._o all_o the_o vigour_n of_o gunpowder_n consist_v in_o sol-petrae_a its_o quantity_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o the_o salpetre_a shall_v be_v put_v in_o use_n of_o the_o first_o boil_v the_o powder_n will_v ●ot_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o so_o strong_a as_o need_n will_v require_v for_o the_o quantity_n of_o terrestrial_a matter●_n common●_n salt_n and_o unctuosity_n 3._o which_o also_o reside_v with_o the_o petre_n do_v hinder_v its_o virtue_n and_o strength_n and_o therefore_o the_o artist_n do_v always_o anew_o refine_v the_o say_a salt-petre_a and_o purge_v it_o from_o every_o extraneous_a matter_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a that_o they_o may_v obtain_v the_o most_o strenuous_a effect_n of_o powder_n that_o can_v be_v desire_v this_o refine_v be_v make_v in_o two_o manner_n either_o with_o water_n common_o call_v the_o wet_a or_o with_o fire_n common_o call_v the_o dry_a or_o the_o burn_v guazzo_n the_o wet_a or_o with_o water_n be_v make_v thus_o they_o take_v as_o much_o sal-nitre_a as_o they_o please_v to_o refine_v and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o cauldron_n over_o a_o furnace_n and_o upon_o that_o sal-nitre_a they_o put_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o fresh_a and_o clear_a water_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v it_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n 3._o and_o for_o every_o barrel_n of_o water_n which_o they_o put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n they_o put_v five_o or_o six_o pot-fulls_a of_o that_o strong_a lie_n make_v of_o ferne-ash_n oak_n and_o quicklime_n and_o alum_n and_o give_v fire_n to_o the_o cauldron_n at_o first_o soft_o and_o afterward_o increase_v it_o un_fw-we till_o the_o melt_a nitre_n boil_v and_o raise_v a_o scum_n 3._o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o great_a tun_n or_o vessel_n place_v so_o high_a that_o another_o vessel_n may_v stand_v under_o it_o to_o receive_v the_o salnitrous_a water_n which_o by_o little_a shall_v strain_v from_o above_o and_o in_o the_o say_v great_a tun_n let_v there_o be_v put_v a_o hands-breadth_n of_o clean_a and_o wash_a sand_n and_o upon_o that_o a_o great_a linen_n clothe_v double_v as_o the_o laundress_n do_v and_o on_o that_o pour_v the_o water_n from_o the_o cauldron_n which_o contain_v the_o melt_a nitre_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o boil_v and_o the_o scum_n be_v take_v from_o it_o and_o let_v it_o strain_v by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o the_o ●●p_n into_o the_o vessel_n below_o as_o they_o do_v in_o make_v their_o buck_n which_o water_n be_v all_o strain_a let_v it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o clear_a cauldron_n and_o boil_v it_o till_o by_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o congealed_a drop_n it_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v well_o boil_a not_o forget_v to_o give_v it_o some_o of_o the_o strong_a li●_n of_o alum_n ash_n and_o lime_n when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o will_v spatter_v out_o the_o water_n and_o have_v make_v proof_n it_o be_v boil_a enough_o let_v it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o put_v into_o the_o long_a tray_n to_o cool●_n as_o before_o and_o preserve_v the_o congeal_a salt-petre_a and_o return_v the_o water_n to_o boil_v again_o that_o remain_v and_o again_o to_o congeal_v and_o do_v so_o until_o the_o water_n give_v no_o more_o salt-petre_a now_o this_o salt-petre_a so_o refine_v be_v call_v salt-petre_a refine_v of_o the_o ●econd_v boiling_n as_o the_o refiner_n of_o sugar_n call_v their_o sugar_n refine_v of_o the_o second_o third_z or_o four_o boil_a and_o to_o make_v saltpetre_n of_o such_o perfection_n you_o may_v as_o some_o do_v refine_v it_o that_o be_v reboyl_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n the_o three_o time_n proceed_v always_o as_o before_o because_o that_o there_o be_v such_o difficulty_n in_o the_o depurate_n of_o saltpetre_n from_o the_o fix_a common_a salt_n alum_n &_o vitriol_n which_o adhere_v to_o it_o &_o that_o without_o this_o be_v do_v no_o man_n can_v judge_v whether_o the_o salt_n it_o leave_v upon_o calcination_n be_v from_o the_o nitre_n or_o some_o

recover_v it_o by_o powder_n spoil_v be_v mean_v that_o which_o want_v much_o of_o the_o vigour_n and_o virtue_n which_o it_o have_v in_o the_o beginning_n now_o this_o want_n proceed_v from_o no_o other_o thing_n than_o that_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o salt-petre_n which_o give_v it_o that_o vigour_n be_v weaken_v and_o vanish_v now_o the_o virtue_n of_o salt-petre_a reduce_v into_o gunpowder_n be_v lose_v either_o by_o age_n or_o moisture_n by_o old_a age_n because_o be_v ●onjoy'nd_a with_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n it_o do_v participate_v of_o that_o corruption_n which_o will_v happen_v to_o they_o in_o time_n by_o moisture_n because_o the_o salt-petre_a compose_v of_o salnitrous_a water_n as_o all_o other_o salt_n of_o their_o salt_n water_n do_v no_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v see_v the_o moisture_n but_o by_o that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o be_v convert_v into_o moisture_n and_o the_o virtue_n and_o vigour_n thereof_o be_v exhale_a by_o that_o humidity_n thus_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt-petre_a be_v separate_v by_o this_o humidity_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o powder_n 18._o and_o the_o salt-petre_a being_n more_o ponderous_a than_o the_o other_o two_o material_n which_o be_v no●_n exhale_v as_o be_v the_o petre_n it_o follow_v that_o of_o that_o quantity_n of_o powder_n which_o in_o the_o perfection_n of_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o barrel_n for_o example_n one_o hundred_o pound_n after_o the_o salt-petre_a be_v waste_v in_o this_o manner_n either_o by_o old_a age_n or_o moisture_n there_o will_v not_o remain_v the_o same_o quantity_n but_o much_o less_o now_o to_o recover_v this_o powder_n thus_o waste_v it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v two_o way_n viz._n to_o adjoyn_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt-petre_a be_v want_v to_o make_v it_o vigorous_a and_o perfect_a or_o to_o take_v away_o that_o salt-petre_a which_o remain_v in_o the_o waste_a powder_n to_o refine_v the_o salt-petre_a and_o to_o make_v other_o powder_n anew_o with_o it_o he_o to_o recover_v that_o same_o weaken_a powder_n by_o the_o vanish_v of_o the_o nitre_n proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n take_v all_o that_o quantity_n of_o waste_a powder_n and_o put_v it_o on_o a_o cloth_n and_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v which_o be_v perfect_o dry_v fill_v a_o barrel_n with_o it_o ●or_a example_n let_v there_o be_v one_o hundred_o pound_n then_o let_v it_o be_v empty_v aside_o and_o let_v the_o barrel_n be_v fill_v with_o perfect_a powder_n such_o as_o be_v the_o spoil_v in_o the_o perfect_a vigour_n of_o it_o let_v it_o be_v weigh_v and_o note_v how_o many_o pound_n it_o weigh_v for_o example_n suppose_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o here_o we_o say_v that_o those_o twenty_o pound_n more_o which_o the_o barrel_n of_o perfect_a powder_n weigh_v shall_v be_v twenty_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a which_o the_o o●her_n want_v now_o let_v we_o see_v how_o much_o waste_v powder_n there_o be_v in_o all_o and_o if_o there_o be_v for_o example_n 10000_o pound_n for_o to_o know_v then_o in_o this_o great_a quantity_n of_o naughty_a powder_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a there_o be_v want_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o perfection_n and_o vigour_n work_v with_o the_o golden_a rule_n of_o the_o 4_o proportional_n say_v if_o one_o hundred_o pound_n of_o waste_a powder_n there_o want_v 20_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a how_o much_o petre_n will_v there_o be_v want_v in_o ten_o thousand_o let_v the_o second_o number_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o viz._n 20_o by_o 10000_o and_o the_o product_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o first_o viz._n by_o 100_o and_o you_o shall_v have_v 2000_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o these_o shall_v be_v the_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a which_o be_v want_v in_o the_o waste_a powder_n to_o reduce_v it_o to_o perfection_n let_v these_o 2000_o l._n of_o salt-petre_a be_v powder_v &_o likewise_o the_o 10000_o of_o bad_a powder_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v and_o take_v a_o proportion_n let_v it_o be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o 2000_o of_o salt-petre_a beat_v they_o together_o according_a to_o art_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n work_v they_o there_o will_v be_v make_v good_a powder_n if_o we_o will_v take_v away_o all_o the_o salt-petre_a out_o of_o waste_a powder_n we_o must_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v there_o be_v prepare_v one_o or_o more_o capacious_a tubbs_n and_o on_o they_o let_v there_o be_v lay_v three_o or_o four_o linen_n clothes_n like_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o drum_n well_o tie_v but_o not_o so_o straight_o then_o let_v there_o be_v another_o vessel_n or_o more_o of_o copper_n or_o wood_n and_o put_v therein_o the_o quantity_n of_o spoil_a powder_n that_o shall_v seem_v fit_a and_o pour_v upon_o it_o as_o much_o fresh_a clear_a water_n as_o shall_v dissolve_v it_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o cudgel_n or_o a_o schoope_o this_o be_v liquify_v with_o a_o ladle_n or_o bucket_n throw_v it_o upon_o the_o cloth_n over_o the_o table_n that_o the_o clear_a water_n may_v strain_v into_o the_o tub_n and_o upon_o the_o cloth_n may_v remain_v the_o coal_n and_o the_o sulphur_n and_o when_o it_o be_v all_o strain_a throw_v soft_o a_o bucket_n or_o two_o of_o water_n to_o draw_v away_o the_o substance_n of_o salt-petre_a that_o shall_v remain_v with_o the_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n shall_v be_v do_v until_o all_o the_o salt-petre_a of_o the_o naughty_a powder_n be_v strain_v draw_v away_o the_o strain_a water_n in_o the_o table_n when_o it_o be_v full_a and_o if_o these_o water_n be_v not_o clear_a let_v they_o be_v put_v on_o again_o on_o the_o wash_v and_o cleanse_v cloth_n and_o let_v they_o be_v strain_v again_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a then_o take_v all_o these_o clear_a water_n and_o boil_v they_o in_o the_o caldron_n as_o before_o and_o then_o put_v they_o in_o the_o tray_n to_o congeal_v and_o make_v salt-petre_a and_o take_v and_o refine_a and_o new_a powder_n make_v of_o it_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v and_o the_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n may_v be_v dry_v perfect_o and_o proof_n make_v if_o it_o will_v serve_v but_o if_o not_o you_o must_v take_v new_a sulphur_n and_o coal_n but_o here_o i_o do_v advertise_v that_o all_o that_o be_v here_o say_v be_v write_v only_o that_o the_o gunuer_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n may_v supply_v himself_o and_o do_v the_o best_a that_o he_o can_v for_o such_o salt-petre_a and_o powder_n be_v not_o make_v with_o that_o diligence_n and_o art_n that_o the_o powder-master_n and_o salt-petremen_a do_v but_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o serve_v in_o ●●me_n of_o necessity_n dal._n pietro_n sardi_n in_o venet._n 1629._o the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o various_a question_n and_o invention_n of_o nicolas_n tartaglia_n of_o sal_fw-la nitre_n and_o the_o various_a composition_n of_o the_o gunpowder_n of_o the_o propriety_n or_o the_o particular_a office_n which_o each_o of_o the_o material_n have_v in_o that_o composition_n and_o ●ther_o particular_n the_o first_o enquiry_n make_v by_o signior_n gabriel_n tadino_n prior_n of_o barletta_n be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o sal-nitre_a which_o to_o we_o modern_n be_v become_v so_o familiar_a prior._n nicol._n yea_o rather_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o simple_a be_v most_o ancient_a for_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a naturalist_n make_v mention_n of_o it_o true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o of_o they_o translation_n and_o especial_o avicenna_n have_v call_v it_o baurach_n because_o it_o be_v so_o call_v in_o the_o arabic_a tongue_n some_o aphroni●um_n because_o it_o be_v so_o name_v in_o the_o greek_a and_o other_o as_o serapion_n diascorides_n and_o pliny_n have_v ca●led_v it_o nitrum_fw-la or_o spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la for_o the_o latin_n so_o call_v it_o and_o in_o the_o pandect_v it_o be_v affirm_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o nitrum_fw-la or_o sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la viz._n mineral_n and_o artificial_a of_o the_o mineral_n they_o say_v there_o be_v four_o the_o armenian_a african_a roman_a and_o egyptian_a serapion_n say_v that_o the_o mineral_n of_o sal_fw-la nitre_n be_v as_o the_o mineral_n of_o salt_n for_o there_o be_v find_v of_o it_o that_o be_v run_v water_n which_o become_v congeal_v and_o condense_v like_o a_o stone_n and_o this_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o pliny_n that_o it_o be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o mine_n as_o a_o stone_n and_o call_v sal_fw-la petrosum_fw-la yea_o he_o say_v that_o this_o shall_v nitre_n be_v find_v white_a and_o red_a and_o of_o many_o colour_n insomuch_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o it_o not_o only_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o colour_n but_o because_o there_o be_v find_v one_o that_o be_v spongy_a viz._n full_a of_o hole_n another_o very_a fragile_a and_o lamine_v or_o plate_n and_o of_o many_o