The Time Saffron beginneth to floure in September and presently after spring vp the leaues and remaine greene all the Winter long ¶ The Names Saffron is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 in Latine Crocus in Mauritania Saffaran in Spanish 〈◊〉 in English Saffron in the Arabicke tongue Zahafaran ¶ The Temperature Saffron is a lirtle astringent or binding but his hot qualitie doth so ouer-rule in it that in the whole essence it is in the number of those herbes which are hot in the second degree and drie in the first therefore it also hath a certaine force to concoct which is furthered by the small astriction rhat is in it as Galen saith ¶ The Vertues Auicen affirmeth that it causeth head-ache and is hurtfull to the braine which it cannot do by taking it now and then but by too much vsing of it for too much vsing of it cutteth off sleepe through want whereof the head and sences are out of frame But the moderate vse of it is good for the head and maketh the sences more quicke and liuely shaketh off heauy and drowsie sleepe and maketh a man merry Also Saffron strengthneth the heart concocteth crude and raw humors of the chest openeth the lungs and remoueth obstructions ‡ 3 Crocus vernus flore luteo Yellow Spring Saffron ‡ 4 Crocus vernus flore albo White Spring Saffron ‡ 5 Crocus 〈◊〉 flore 〈◊〉 Purple Spring Saffron ‡ 6 Crocus montanus 〈◊〉 Autumne mountaine Saffron It is also such a speciall remedic for those that haue consumption of the lungs and are as wee terme it at deaths doore and almost past breathing that it bringeth breath again and prolongeth life for certaine dayes if ten or twentie graines at the most be giuen with new or sweet Wine For we haue found by often experience that being taken in that sort it presently and in a moment remoueth away difficultie of breathing which most dangerously and suddenly hapneth Dioscorides teacheth That being giuen in the same sort it is also good against a surfet It is commended against the stoppings of the liuer and gall and against the yellow Iaundise And hereupon Dioscorides writeth That it maketh a man well coloured It is put into all drinkes that are made to helpe the diseases of the intrailes as the same Authour affirmeth and into those especially which bring downe the floures the birth and the after burthen It prouoketh vrine stirreth fleshly lust and is vsed in Cataplasmes and pultesses for the matrix and fundament and also in plaisters and seare-cloaths which serue for old swellings and aches and likewise for hot swellings that haue also in them S. Anthonies fire ‡ 7 Crocus montanus Autumnalis flore majore albido caeruleo Autumne mountaine Saffron with a large whitish blew floure ‡ 8 Crocus Autumnalis flore albo White Autumne Saffron It is with good successe put into compositions for infirmities of the eares The eyes being annointed with the same dissolued in milke or fennell or rose water are preserued from being hurt by the small pox and measels and are defended thereby from humours that would fall into them The chiues steeped in water serue to illumine or as we say limne pictures and imagerie as also to colour sundry meats and confections It is with good successe giuen to procure bodily lust The confections called Crocomagna Oxycroceum and 〈◊〉 with diuers other emplaisters and electuaries cannot be made without this Saffron The weight of tenne graines of Saffron the kernels of Wall-nuts two ounces Figges two ounces Mithridate one dram and a few sage leaues stamped together with a sufficient quantitie of Pimpernell water and made into a masse or lumpe and kept in a glasse for your vse and thereof twelue graines giuen in the morning fasting preserueth from the Pestilence and expelleth it from those that are infected ‡ 9 Crocus vernus angustifolius flore violaceo Narrow leaued Spring Saffron with a violet floure ‡ 10 Crocus vernus latifolius flore flauo strijs violaceis Broad leaued Spring Saffron with a yellow floure purple streaks ‡ 11 Crocus vernus latifolius striatus flore duplici Double floured streaked Spring Saffron ¶ The Kindes of Spring Saffron OF wilde Saffrons there be sundry sorts differing as well in the colour of the floures as also in the time of their flouring Of which most of the figures shall be set forth vnto you ¶ The Description of wilde Saffron 1 THe first kind of wilde Saffron hath small short grassie leaues surrowed or chanelled downe the midst with a white line or streake among the leaues rise vp small floures in shape like vnto the common Saffron but differing in colour for this hath floures of mixt colours that is to say the ground of the floure is white stripped vpon the backe with purple and dasht ouer on the inside with a bright shining murrey colour the other not In the middle of the floures come forth many yellowish chiues without any smel of saffron at all The root is small round and couered with a browne skinne or filme like vnto the roots of common Saffron 2 The second wilde Saffron in leaues roots and floures is like vnto the precedent but altogether lesser and the floures of this are of a purple violet colour ‡ 12 Crocus vernus latifolius flore purpureo Broad leaued Spring Saffron with the púrple floure ‡ 13 Crocus vernus flore cinereo striato Spring Saffron with an Ash-coloured streaked floure ‡ 14 Crocus vernus latifolius flore flauovario duplici Broad leaued Spring Saffron with a double floure yellow streaked 4 There is found among Herbarists another sort not differing from the others sauing that this hath white floures contrarie to all the rest 5 Louers of Plants haue gotten into their gardens one sort hereof with purple or Violet coloured floures in other respects like vnto the other 6 Of these we haue another that floureth in the fall of the 〈◊〉 with floures like to the common Saffron but destitute of those chiues which yeeld the colour smell or taste that the right manured Saffron hath ‡ 7 And of this last kinde there is another with broader leaues and the floure also is larger with the leaues thereof not so sharpe pointed but more round the colour being at the first whitish but afterwards intermixt with some blewnesse ‡ 8 There is also another of Autumne wild Saffrons with white floures which sets forth the distinction Many sorts there are in our gardens besides those before specified which I thought needlesse to entreat of because their vse is not great ‡ Therefore I will only giue the figures and names of some of the chiefe of them and refer such as delight to see or please themselues with the varieties for they are no specificke differences of these plants to the gardens and the bookes of Florists who are onely the preseruers and admirers of these varieties not sought after for any vse but delight ‡ ¶ The Place All these wilde Saffrons we haue growing in
on their tops carry pretty floures like those of Borage but not so sharpe pointed but of a more pleasing blew colour This floures in the spring and is kept in some choice Gardens Lobell calls it Symphytum pumilum repens Borraginis facie siue Borrago minima Herbariorum ‡ ¶ The Place Comfrey joyeth in watery ditches in fat and fruitfull medowes they grow all in my Garden ¶ The Time They floure in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytum and Solidago in shops Consolida maior and Symphytum maius of Scribonius Largus Inula rustica and Alus Gallica of others Osteocollon in high Dutch Walwurtz in low Dutch 〈◊〉 in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda maiore and Consuelda maior in French Consire and Oreille d'asne in English Comfrey 〈◊〉 Consound of some Knit backe and Blackewoort ¶ The Temperature The root of Comfrey hath a cold quality but yet not much it is also of a clammie and gluing moisture it causeth no itch at all neither is it of a sharpe or biting taste vnsauory and without any qualitie that may be tasted so far is the tough and gluing moisture from the sharpe clamminesse of the sea Onion as that there is no comparison betweene them The leaues may cause itching not through heate or sharpenesse but through their ruggednesse as we haue already written yet lesse than those of the Nettle ¶ The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey stamped and the juice drunke with wine helpeth those that spit bloud and healeth all 〈◊〉 wounds and burstings The same bruised and laid to in manner of a plaister doth heale all fresh and greene woundes and are so glutenatiue that it will sodder or glew together meate that is chopt in peeces seething in a pot and make it in one lumpe The rootes boiled and drunke doe clense the brest from flegme and cure the griefes of the lungs especially if they be confect with sugar and syrrup it preuaileth much against ruptures or burstings The slimie substance of the root made in a posset of ale and giuen to drinke against the paine in the backe gotten by any violent motion as wrastling or ouermuch vse of women doth in foure or fiue daies perfectly cure the same although the inuoluntary flowing of the seed in men be gotten thereby The roots of Comfrey in number foure Knotgrasse and the leaues of Clarie of each an handfull being stamped all together and strained and a quart of Muscadell put thereto the yolkes of three egges and the powder of three Nutmegs drunke first and last is a most excellent medicine against a Gonorrhaea or running of the reines and all paines and consumptions of the backe There is likewise a syrrup made hereof to be vsed in this case which staieth voiding of bloud tempereth the heate of agues allaieth the sharpenesse of flowing humors healeth vp vlcers of the lungs and helpeth the cough the receit whereof is this Take two ounces of the roots of great Comfrey one ounce of Liquorice two handfulls of Folefoot roots and all one ounce and an halfe of Pine-apple kernells twenty iuiubes two drams or a quarter of an ounce of Mallow seed one dram of the heads of Poppy boile all in a sufficient quantitie of water till one pinte remaine straine it and and adde to the liquor strained six ounces of very white sugar and as much of the best hony and make thereof a syrrup that must be throughly boiled The same syrrup cureth the vlcers of the kidnies though they haue been of long continuance and stoppeth the bloud that commeth from thence Moreouer it staieth the ouermuch flowing of the monethly sickenesse taken euery day for certaine daies together It is highly commended for woundes or hurts of all the rest also of the intrailes and inward parts and for burstings or ruptures The root stamped and applied vnto them taketh away the inflammation of the fundament and ouermuch flowing of the hemorrhoides CHAP. 288. Of Cowslips of Jerusalem 1 Pulmonaria maculosa Spotted Cowslips of Ierusalem 2 Pulmonaria folijs Echij Buglosse Cowslips 3 Pulmoria angustifolia ij Clusij Narrow leafed Cowslips of Ierusalem ¶ The Description 1 COwslips of Ierusalem or the true and right Lungwort hath rough hairy and large leaues of a brown green color confusedly spotted with diuers spots or drops of white amongst which spring vp certaine stalkes a span long bearing at the top many fine floures growing together in bunches like the floures of cowslips sauing that they be at the first red or purple and sometimes blew and oftentimes al these colours at once The floures being fallen there come small buttons full of seed The root is blacke and threddy ‡ This is sometimes found with white floures ‡ 2 The second kinde of Lungwort is like vnto the former but greater in each respect the leaues bigger than the former resembling wilde Buglosse yet spotted with white spots like the former the floures are like the other but of an exceeding shining red colour 3 Carolus Clusius setteth forth a third kinde of Lungwoort which hath rough and hairie leaues like vnto wilde Buglosse but narrower among which rises vp a stalke a foot high bearing at the top a bundle of blew floures in fashion like vnto those of Buglosse or the last described ¶ The Place These plants do grow in moist shadowie woods and are planted almost euery where in gardens ‡ Mr. Goodyer found the Pulmonaria folijs Echij being the second May 25. Anno 1620. flouring in a wood by Holbury house in the New Forrest in Hampshire ‡ ¶ The Time They floure for the most part in March and Aprill ¶ The Names Cowslips of Ierusalem or Sage of Ierusalem is called of the Herbarists of our time Pulmonaria and Pulmonalis of Cordus Symphitum syluestre or wilde Comfrey but seeing the other is also of nature wilde it may aptly be called Symphytum maculosum or Maculatum in high Dutch Lungenkraut in low Dutch Onser 〈◊〉 melcruiit in English spotted Comfrey Sage of Ierusalem Cowslip of Ierusalem Sage of Bethlem and of some Lungwort notwithstanding there is another Lungwort of which we will intreat among the kindes of Mosses ¶ The Temperature Pulmonaria should be of like temperature with the great Comfrey if the roote of this were clammie but seeing that it is hard and woody it is of a more drying quality and more binding ¶ The Vertues The leaues are vsed among pot-herbes The roots are also thought to be good against the infirmities and vlcers of the lungs and to be of like force with the great Comfrey CHAP. 289. Of Clote Burre or Burre Docke 1 Bardana maior The great Burre Docke 2 Bardana minor The lesse Burre Docke ¶ The Description 1 CLot Burre bringeth forth broad leaues and hairie far bigger than the leaues of Gourds and of greater compasse thicker also and blacker which on the vpper side are of a darke greene colour and
leaues are rounder and not so much cut about the edges as the others The branches are weake and feeble trailing vpon the ground The floures are likewise of three colours that is to say white blew and yellow void of smell The root perisheth when it hath perfected his seed 5 There is found in sundry places of England a wilde kinde hereof bringing floures of a faint yellow colour without mixture of any other colour yet hauing a deeper yellow spot in the lowest 1 Violatricolor Hearts-ease 2 Viola assurgens tricolor Vpright Hearts-ease 3 Violatricolor syluestris Wilde Paunsies 4 Violatricolor petraea Stony Hearts-ease ¶ The Place The Hearts-ease groweth in fields in many places and in gardens also and that oftentimes of it selfe it is more gallant and beautifull than any of the wilde ones Matthiolus reporteth that the vpright Paunsie is found on mount Baldus in Italy Lobel saith that it groweth in Languedocke in France and on the tops of some hills in England but as yet I haue not seene the same Those with yellow floures haue been found by a village in Lancashire called Latham foure miles from 〈◊〉 by Mr. Thomas 〈◊〉 before remembred ¶ The Time They sloure not onely in the Spring but for the most part all Sommer thorow euen vntill Autumne ¶ The Names Hearts-ease is named in Latine Viola tricolor or the three coloured Violet and of diuers Iacea yet there is another Iacea syrnamed Nigra in English Knap-weed Bull-weed and Matfellon of others Herba 〈◊〉 or herbe Trinitie by reason of the triple colour of the floures of some others Herba 〈◊〉 in French Pensees by which name they became knowne to the Brabanders and others of the Low-countries that are next adioyning It seemeth to be Viola slammea which Theophrastus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Hearts-ease Paunsies Liue in idlenesse Cull me to you and Three faces in a hood The vpright Pansie is called not vnproperly Viola assurgens or Surrecta and withall Tricolor that is to say straight or vpright Violet three coloured of some Viola arborescens or Tree Violet for that in the multitude of branches and manner of growing it resembles a little tree ¶ The Temperature It is of temperature obscurely cold but more euidently moist of a tough and 〈◊〉 iuyce like that of the Mallow for which cause it moistneth and suppleth but not so much as the Mallow doth ¶ The Vertues It is good as the later Physitions write for such as are sicke of an ague especially children and infants whose convulsions and fits of the falling sicknesse it is thought to cure It is commended against inflammations of the lungs and chest and against scabs and itchings of the whole body and healeth vlcers The distilled water of the herbe or floures giuen to drinke for ten or more dayes together three ounces in the morning and the like quantitie at night doth wonderfully ease the paines of the French disease and cureth the same if the Patient be caused to sweat sundry times as Costaeus reporteth in his booke denatura 〈◊〉 stirp CHAP. 314. Of Ground-Juy or Ale-hoofe ¶ The Description 1 GRound Iuy is a low or base herbe it creepeth and spreads vpon the ground hither and thither all about with many stalkes of an vncertaine length slender and like those of the Vine something cornered and sometimes reddish whereupon grow leaues something broad and round wrinkled hairy nicked in the edges for the most part two out of euerie ioynt amongst which come sorth the floures gaping like little hoods not vnlike to those of Germander of a purplish blew colour the roots are very threddy the whole plant is of a strong smell and bitter taste ‡ 2 Vpon the rockie and mountainous places of Prouince and Daulphine growes this other kinde of Ale-hoofe which hath leaues stalkes floures and roots like in shape to those of the former but the floures and leaues are of a light purple colour and also larger and longer This by Lobel is called Asarina siue Saxatilis hedera ‡ ¶ The Place It is found as well in tilled as in vntilled places but most commonly in obscure and darke places vpon banks vnder hedges and by the sides of houses ¶ The Time It remaineth greene not onely in Sommer but also in Winter at any time of the yeare it floureth from Aprill till Sommer be far spent 1 Hedera terrestris Ale-hoofe ‡ 2 Hedera saxatilis Rocke Ale-hoofe ¶ The Names It is commonly called Hedera terrestris in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 also Corona terrae in high-Dutch Gundelreb in low-Dutch Onderhaue in French Lierre terrestre Hedera humilis of some and Chamaecissum in English Ground-Iuy Ale-hoofe Gill go by ground Tune-hoofe and Cats-foot ‡ Many question whether this be the Chamaecissus of the Antients which controuersie 〈◊〉 hath largely handled Pempt 3. lib. 3. cap. 4. ‡ ¶ The Temperature Ground-Iuie is hot and dry and because it is bitter it scoureth and remoueth stoppings out of the intrals ¶ The Vertues Ground-Iuy is commended against the humming noyse and ringing sound of the eares being put into them and for them that are hard of hearing Matthiolus writeth That the iuyce being tempered with Verdugrease is good against fistulaes and hollow vlcers Dioscorides teacheth That halfe a dram of the leaues being drunke in foure ounces and a halfe of faire water for fourty or fifty dayes together is a remedie against the Sciatica or ache in the huckle bone The same taken in like sort six or seuen dayes doth also cure the yellow jaundice Galen hath attributed as we haue said all the vertue vnto the floures Seeing the floures of Ground-Iuy saith he are very bitter they remoue stoppings out of the liuer and are giuen to them that are vexed with the Sciatica Ground-Iuy 〈◊〉 and Daisies of each a like quantitie stamped and strained and a little sugar and rose water put thereto and dropped with a feather into the eyes taketh away all manner of inflammation spots webs itch smarting or any griefe whatsoeuer in the eyes yea although the sight were nigh hand gone it is proued to be the best medicine in the world The herbes stamped as aforesaid and mixed with a little ale and honey and strained takes away the pinne and web or any griefe out of the eyes of horse or cow or any other beast being squirted into the same with a syringe or I might haue said the liquor iniected into the eyes with a syringe But I list not to be ouer eloquent among Gentlewomen to whom especially my Works are most necessarie The women of our Northerne parts especially about Wales and Cheshire do tunne the herbe Ale-hoof into their Ale but the reason thereof I know not notwithstanding without all controuersie it is most singular against the griefes aforesaid being tunned vp in ale and drunke it also purgeth the head from rhumaticke humors flowing from the braine Hedera terrestris boyled in water
lenitiue medicines It may be giuen in pouder but commonly the infusion thereof is vsed The quantitie of the pouder is a dram weight and in the infusion foure fiue or more It may be mixed in any liquor It is in the decoction or in the infusion tempered with cold things in burning agues and other hot diseases in cold and long infirmities it is boyled with hot opening simples and such like or else it is steeped in wine in which manner as familiar to mans nature it draweth forth gently by the stoole almost without any kinde of paine crude and raw humors Most of the Arabians commend the cods but our Physitions the leaues rather for vnlesse the cods be full ripe they ingender winde and cause gripings in the belly For they are oftentimes gathered before they be ripe and otherwise easily fall away being shaken downe by the wind by reason of their weake and slender stalks Some also thinke that Sene is hurtfull to the stomacke and weakneth the same for which cause they say that Ginger or some sweet kinde of spice is to be added whereby the stomacke may be strengthned Likewise Mesue noteth that it is slow in operation and therefore Salgem is to be mixed with it Moreouer Sene purgeth not so speedily as stronger medicines do Notwithstanding it may be helped not only by Salgem but also by other purging things mixed therewith that is to say with simple medicines as Rubarb Agaricke and others and with compounds as that which is called Catholicon or the Electuarie Diaphoenicon or that which is made of the iuyce of Roses or some other according as the condition or qualitie of the disease and of the sicke man requireth The leaues of Sene are a familiar purger to all people but they are windie and do binde the bodie afterwards very much disquieting the stomack with rumbling and belching for the auoiding of which inconuenience there must be added Cinnamon Ginger Annise seed and Fennell seed Raisins of the Sun and such like that do breake winde which will the better help his purging qualitie Sene doth better purge when it is infused or steeped than when it is boyled for doubtlesse the more it is boiled the lesse it purgeth and the more windie it becommeth Take Borage Buglosse Balme Fumitorie of each three drams Sene of Alexandria very wel prepared and pouned two ounces strow the pouder vpon the herbes and distill them the water that commeth thereof reserue to your vse to purge those that liue delicately being ministred in white wine with sugar in condited confections and such dainty waies wherein delicate and fine people do greatly delight you may also as was said before adde hereunto according to the maladie diuers purgers as Agaricke Mirobalans c. The pouder of Sene after it is well prepared two ounces of the pouder of the root of Mechoacan foure drams pouder of Ginger Anise seeds of each a little a spoonfull of Anise seeds but a very little Ginger and a modicum or small quantitie of Salgemmae this hath beene proued a verie fit and familiar medicine for all ages and sexes The patient may take one spoonful or two therof fasting either in pottage some supping in drink or white wine This is right profitable to draw both flegme and melancholy from the brest and other parts The leaues of Sene and Cammomil are put in baths to wash the head Sene opens the inward parts of the body which are stopped and is profitable against all griefes of the principall members of the body Take Sene prepared according to art one ounce Ginger half a quarter of an ounce twelue cloues Fenell seed two drams or in stead thereof Cinnamon and Tartar of each halfe a dram pouder all these which done take thereof in white wine one dram before supper which doth maruellously purge the head Handle Sene in maner aboue specified then take halfe an ounce thereof which don adde thereto sixty Raisins of the Sunne with the stones pickt out one spoonfull of Anise seeds braied boile these in a quart of ale till one halfe be wasted and while it is boiling put in your Sene let it stand so till the morning then straine it and put in a little Ginger then take the one halfe of this potion and put thereunto two spoonfulls of syrrup of Roses drinke this together I meane the one halfe of the medicine at one time and if the patient canot abide the next day to receiue the other halfe then let it be deferred vntil the third day after Sene and Fumitorie as Rasis affirmeth do purge adust humors and are excellent good against scabs itch and the ill affection of the body If Sene be infused in whey and then boyled a little it becommeth good physicke against melancholy clenseth the braine and purgeth it as also the heart liuer milt and lungs causeth a man to looke yong ingendreth mirth and taketh away sorrow it cleareth the sight strengthneth hearing and is very good against old feuers and diseases arising of melancholy CHAP. 11. Of bastard Sene. ¶ The Description 1 Colutea and Sene be so neere the one vnto the other in shape and shew that the 〈◊〉 Herbarists haue deemed Colutea to be the right Sene. This bastard Sene is a shrubby plant growing to the forme of a hedge bush or shrubby tree his branches are straight brittle and wooddy which being carelesly broken off and as negligently prickt or stucke in the ground will take root and prosper at what time of the yeare soeuer it be done but slipt or cut or planted in any curious sort whatsoeuer among an hundred one will 〈◊〉 grow these boughes or branches are beset with leaues like Sena or Securidaca not much vnlike Liquorice among which come forth faire broome-like yellow floures which turne into small cods like the sownd of a fish or a little bladder which will make a cracke being broken betweene the fingers wherein are contained many blacke flat seeds of the bignesse of Tares growing vpon a small rib or sinew within the cod the root is hard and of a wooddy substance 1 Colutea Bastard Sene. 2 Colutea Scorpioides Bastard Sene with Scorpion cods 2 Bastard Sene with Scorpion cods is a small wooddy shrub or bush hauing leaues branches and floures like vnto the former bastard Sene but lesse in each respect when his small yellow floures are fallen there succeed little long crooked cods like the long cods or husks of 〈◊〉 his Scorpioides whereof it tooke his name the root is like the root of the Box tree or rather resembling the roots of Dulcamara or Bitter-sweet growing naturally in the shadowie woods of Valena in Narbone whereof I haue a small plant in my garden which may be called Scorpion Sene. 3 Colutea scorpioides humilis Dwarfe bastard Sene. 4 Colutea scorpioides montana 〈◊〉 Mountaine bastard Sene. 5 Colutea minima siue Coronilla The smallest bastard Sene. 4 This mountaine bastard Sene hath stalks leaues and roots like the last
of most of the East countries especially about Meluin in Poland from whence I haue had great plenty thereof for my garden where they floure in the first of the Spring and ripen their fruit in August ¶ The Names It is vsually called in high-Dutch Zeilant Zeidelbast Lenszkraut and Kellerhals 〈◊〉 Apothecaries of our countrey name it Mezereon but we had rather call it Chamelaea Germanica in English Dutch Mezereon or it may be called Germane Oliue Spurge We haue heard that diuers Italians do name the fruit thereof Piper Montanum Mountaine Pepper Some say that 〈◊〉 or Spurge Laurell is this plant but there is another Laureola of which we will hereafter treat but by what name it is called of the old writers and whether they knew it or no it is hard to tell It is thought to be Cneoron album Theophrasti but by reason of his breuitie we can affirme no certainty There is saith he two kindes of 〈◊〉 the white and the blacke the white hath a leafe long like in forme to Spurge Oliue the black is ful of substance like Mirtle the low one is more white the same is with smell and the blacke without smell The root of both which groweth deepe is great the branches be many thicke wooddie immediatly growing out of the earth or little aboue the earth tough wherefore they vse these to binde with as with Oziars They bud and floure when the Autumne Equinoctiall is past and a long time after Thus much Theophrastus The Germane Spurge Oliue is not much vnlike to the Oliue tree in leafe the floure is sweet of smell the buds whereof as we haue written come forth after Autumne the branches are wooddy and pliable the root long growing deepe all which shew that it hath great likenesse and affinity with Cneoron if it be not the very same ¶ The Temperature This plant is likewise in all parts extreme hot the fruit the leaues and the rinde are very sharpe and biting they bite the tongue and set the throte on fire ¶ The Vertues The leaues of Mezereon do purge downeward flegme choler and waterish humours with great violence Also if a drunkard do eat one graine or berry of this plant hee cannot be allured to drinke any drinke at that time such will be the heat of his mouth and choking in the throat This plant is very dangerous to be taken into the body in nature like to the Sea Tithymale leauing if it be chewed such an heat and burning in the throat that it is hard to be quenched The shops of Germany and of the Low-countries dowhen need require vse the leaues hereof in stead of Spurge Oliue which may be done without errour for this Germane Spurge Oliue is like in vertue and operation to the other therefore it may be vsed in stead therof and prepared after the like and selfe-same manner CHAP. 64. Of Spurge Flax. 1 Thymelaea Spurge Flax or mountaine Widow waile ¶ The Description SPurge Flax bringeth forth many slender branched sprigs aboue a cubite high couered round with long and 〈◊〉 leaues like those of flax narrower lesser than the leaues of Spurge Oliue The floures are white small standing on the vpper parts of the sprigs the fruit is round greene at the first but red when it is ripe like almost to the round berries of the Hawthorne in which is a white kernel couered with a blacke skinne very hot and burning the mouth like Mezereon the root is hard and wooddie ¶ The Place It groweth in rough mountains and in vntoiled places in hot regions It groweth in my garden ¶ The Time It is greene at any time of the yeare but the fruit is perfected in Autumne ¶ The Names The Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Syrians as Dioscorides witnesseth Apolinon diuers also Chamelaea but not properly but as Dioscorides saith the leafe is properly called Cneoron the fruit Coccos Cnidios notwithstanding those which Theophrastus calleth Cneora seem to differ from Thymelaea or Spurge Flax vnlesse Nigrum Cneoron be Thymelaea for Theophrastus 〈◊〉 that there be two kindes of Cneoron the one white the other blacke this may be called in English Spurge Flax or mountaine Widow Wayle the seed of Thymelaea is called in shops Granum Gnidium ¶ The Temperature Spurge Flax is naturally both in leaues and fruit extreme hot biting and of a burning qualitie ¶ The Vertues The graines or berries as 〈◊〉 saith purge by siege choler slegme and water if twenty graines of the inner part be 〈◊〉 but t burneth the mouth and throat wherefore it is to be giuen with fine floure or Barly meale or in Raisons or couered with clarified hony that it may be swallowed The same being stamped with Niter and vineger serueth to annoint those with which can hardly sweat The leaues must be gathered about haruest and being dried in the shade they are to be layed vp and reserued They that would giue them must beat them and take forth the strings the quantity of two ounces and two drams put into wine tempered with water purgeth and draweth forth watery humors but they purge more gently if they be boiled with Lentils and mixed with pot-herbes chopped The same leaues beaten to pouder and made vp into 〈◊〉 or flat cakes with the iuice of sower grapes are reserued for vse The herbe is an enemy to the stomacke which also destroyeth the birth 〈◊〉 it be applied CHAP. 65. Of Spurge Laurell 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Laurell or Spurge Laurell flouring Laureola cum fructu Laurell with his fruit ¶ The Description SPurge Laurell is a shrub of a cubit high of tentimes also of two and spreadeth with many little boughes which are tough and lithy and couered with a thicke rinde The leaues be long broad grosse smooth blackish greene shining like the leaues of Laurell but lesser thicker and without smell very many at the top clustering together The floures be long hollow of a whitish greene hanging beneath and among the leaues the berries when they be ripe are blacke with a hard kernell within which is a little longer than the seed of Hempe the pulpe or inner substance is white the root wooddie tough long and diuersly parted growing deepe the leaues fruit and barke as wel of the root as of the little boughes doe with their sharpnesse and burning qualitie bite and set on fire the tongue and throat ¶ The Place It is found on mountaines in vntilled rough shadowie and wooddie places as by the lake of 〈◊〉 or Geneua and in many places neere the riuer of Rhene and of the Maze ‡ It growes abundantly also in the woods in the most parts of England ‡ ¶ The Time The floures bud very soon a little after the Autume Equinoctiall they are full blown in Winter or in the first Spring the fruit is ripe in May and Iune the plant is alwaies greene and indureth the cold stormes of winter ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
Description 1 STitchwort or as Ruellius termeth it Holosteum is of two kindes and hath round tender stalkes full of joints leaning toward the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another The flowers be white consisting of many small leaues set in the manner of a starre The roots are small jointed and threddy The seed is contained in small heads somewhat long and sharpe at the vpper end and when it is ripe it is very small and browne 2 The second is like the former in shape of leaues and flowers which are set in forme of a starre but the leaues are orderly placed and in good proportion by couples two together being of a whitish colour When the flowers be vaded then follow the seeds which are inclosed in bullets like the seed of flax but not so round The chiues or threds in the middle of the floure are sometimes of a reddish or of a blackish colour ‡ There are more differences of this plant or rather varieties as differing little but in the largenesse of the leaues floures or stalkes ‡ ¶ The place They grow in the borders of fields vpon banke sides and hedges almost euery where ¶ The time They flourish all the Sommer especially in May and Iune Gramen Leucanthemum Stitchwort ¶ The Names Some as Ruellius for one haue thought this to be the plant which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tota ossea in English All-Bones whereof I see no reason except it be by the figure Antonomia as when we say in English He is an honest man our meaning is that he is a knaue for this is a tender herbe hauing no such bony substance ‡ Dodonaeus questions whether this plant be not Crataeogonon and he calls it Gramen Leucanthemum or White-floured Grasse The qualitie here noted with B. is by Dioscorides giuen to Crataeogonon but it is with his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Some say or report so much which phrase of speech hee often vseth when as he writes faculties by heare-say and doubts himselfe of the truth of them ‡ ¶ The nature The seed of Stitchwort as Galen writeth is sharpe and biting to him that 〈◊〉 it and to him that vseth it very like to Mill. ¶ The vertues They are wont to drinke it in Wine with the pwoder of Acornes against the paine in the side stitches and such like Diuers report saith Dioscorides That the Seed of Stitchwort being drunke causeth a woman to bring forth a man childe if after the 〈◊〉 of her Sicknesse before she conceiue she do drinke it fasting thrice in a day halfe a dram at a time in three 〈◊〉 of water many dayes together CHAP. 39. Of Spiderwort ¶ The Description 1 THe obscure description which Dioscorides and Pliny haue set downe for Phalangium hath bred much contention among late Writers This plant Phalangium hath leaues much like Couch Grasse but they are somewhat thicker and fatter and of a more whitish greene colour The stalkes grow to the height of a cubit The top of the stalke is beset with small branches garnished with many little white flowers compact of six little leaues The threds or thrums in the middle are whitish mixed with a faire yellow which being fallen there follow blacke seeds inclosed in small round knobs which be three cornered The roots are many tough and white of colour 2 The second is like the first but that his stalke is not branched as the first and floureth a moneth before the other 3 The third kinde of Spiderwort which Carolus Clusius nameth Asphodelus minor hath a root of many threddy strings from the which immediately rise vp grassie leaues narrow and sharpe pointed among the which come forth diuers naked strait stalkes diuided towards the top into sundry branches garnished on euery side with faire starre-like flowers of colour white with a purple veine diuiding each leafe in the middest they haue also certaine chiues or threds in them The seed followeth inclosed in three square heads like vnto the kindes of Asphodils ‡ 4 This Spiderwort hath a root consisting of many thicke long and white fibers not much vnlike the precedent out of which it sends forth some fiue or six greene and firme leaues somewhat hollowed in the middle and mutually inuoluing each other at the root amongst these there riseth vp a round greene stalke bearing at the top thereof some nine or ten floures more or lesse these consist of six leaues apiece of colour white the three innermost leaues are the broader and more curled and the three outmost are tipt with greene at the tops The whole floure much resembles a white Lilly but much smaller Three square heads containing a dusky and vnequall seed follow after the floure 1 Phalangium Ramosum Branched Spiderwort 2 Phalangium non ramosum Vnbranched Spiderwort †3 Phalangium Cretae Candy Spiderwort ‡ 4 Phalangium Antiquorum The true Spiderwort of the Ancients ‡ 5 Phalangium Virginianum Tradescanti Tradescants Virginian Spider-wort 5 This plant in my iudgement cannot be sitlier ranked with any than these last described therefore I haue here giuen him the fifth place as the last commer This plant hath many creeping stringy roots which here and there put vp greene leaues in shape resembling those of the last described amongst these there riseth vp a pretty stiffe stalke jointed and hauing at each joint one leafe incompassing the stalke and out of whose bosome oft times little branches arise now the stalke at the top vsually diuides it selfe into two leaues much after the manner of Cyperus between which there come forth many floures consisting of three pretty large leaues a piece of colour deepe blew with reddish chiues tipt with yellow standing in their middle These fading as vsually they doe the same day they shew themselues there succeed little heads couered with the three little leaues that sustained the floure In these heads there is contained a long blackish seed ¶ The place 1. 2. 3. These grow only in gardens with vs and that very rarely 4 This growes naturally in some places of Sauoy 5 This Virginian is in many of our English gardens as with M. Parkinson M. Tradescant and others ¶ The time 1. 4. 5. These floure in Iune the second about the beginning of May and the third about August ¶ The Names The first is called Phalangium ramosum Branched Spiderwort 2 Phalangium non ramosum Vnbranched Spiderwort Cordus calls it Liliago 3 This Clusius calls Asphodelus minor Lobell Phalangium Cretae Candy Spiderwort 4 This is thought to be the Phalangium of the Ancients and that of Matthiolus it is Phalangium Allobrogicum of Clusius Sauoy Spiderwort 5 This by M. Parkinson who first hath in writing giuen the figure and description thereof is aptly termed Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum Soone-fading Spiderwort of Virginia or Tradescants Spiderwort for that M. Iohn Tradescant first procured it from Virginia Bauhine hath described it at the end of his Pinax and very vnfitly termed it
Grano the Spaniards Trigo the French men Bled ou Fourment in England we call the first White-Wheat and Flaxen Wheat Triticum Lucidum is called Bright Wheat Red Wheat is called in Kent Duck-bill Wheate and Normandy Wheat ¶ The nature Wheat saith Galen is very much vsed of men and with greatest profit Those Wheats do nourish most which be hard and haue their whole substance so closely compact as they can scarcely be bit asunder for such doe nourish very much and the contrary but little Wheat as it is a medicine outwardly applied is hot in the first degree yet can it not manifestly either dry or moisten It hath also a certaine clamminesse and stopping qualitie ¶ The vertues Raw Wheat saith Dioscorides being eaten breedeth wormes in the belly being chewed and applied it doth 〈◊〉 the biting of mad dogs 3 Triticum Typhinum Flat Wheat 4 Triticum multiplici spica Double eared Wheat The floure of wheat being boyled with honey and water or with oyle and water taketh away all inflammations or hot swellings The bran of Wheat boyled in strong Vineger clenseth away scurfe and dry scales and dissolueth the beginning of all hot swellings if it be laid vnto them And boyled with the decoction of Rue it slaketh the swellings in womens brests The graines of white Wheat as Pliny writeth in his two and twentieth booke and seuenth chapter being dried brown but not burnt and the pouder thereof mixed with white wine is good for watering eyes if it be laid thereto The dried pouder of red Wheat boyled with vineger helpeth the shrinking of sinewes 5 Triticum lucidum Bright Wheat The leauen made of Wheat hath vertue to heate and draw outward it resolueth concocteth and openeth all swellings bunches tumors and felons being mixed with salt The fine floure mixed with the yolke of an egge honey and a little saffron doth draw and heale byles and such like sores in children and in old people very well and quickely Take crums of wheaten bread one pound and an halfe barley meale 〈◊〉 ij Fennigreeke and Lineseed of each an ounce the leaues of Mallowes Violets Dwale Sengreene and Cotyledon ana one handfull boyle them in water and oyle vntill they be tender then stampe them very small in a stone morter and adde thereto the yolks of three egges oyle of Roses and oyle of Violets ana 〈◊〉 ij Incorporate them altogether but if the inflammation grow to an Erysipelas then adde thereto the juice of Nightshade Plantaine and Henbane ana 〈◊〉 ij it easeth an Erysipelas or Saint Anthonies fire and all inflammations very speedily Slices of fine white bread laid to infuse or steepe in Rose water and so applied vnto sor̄e eyes which haue many hot humors falling into them doth easily defend the humour and cease the paine The oyle of wheat pressed forth betweene two plates of hot iron healeth the chaps and chinks of the hands feet and fundament which come of cold making smooth the hands face or any other part of the body The same vsed as a Balsame doth excellently heale wounds and being put among salues or vnguents it causeth them to worke more effectually especially in old vlcers CHAP. 47. Of Rie ¶ The Description THe leafe of Rie when it first commeth vp is somewhat reddish afterward greene as be the other graines It groweth vp with many stalks slenderer than those of wheat and longer with knees or ioynts by certaine distances like vnto Wheat the eares are orderly framed vp in rankes and compassed about with short beards not sharpe but blunt which when it floureth standeth vpright and when it is filled vp with seed it leaneth and hangeth downward The seed is long blackish slender and naked which easily falleth out of the huskes of it selfe The roots be many slender and full of strings ¶ The place Rie groweth very plentifully in the most places of Germany and Polonia as appeareth by the great quantitie brought into England in times of dearth and scarcitie of corne as hapned in the yeare 1596 and at other times when there was a generall want of corne by reason of the aboundance of raine that fell the yeare before whereby great penurie ensued as well of cattell and all other victuals as of all manner of graine It groweth likewise very wel in most places of England especially towards the North. Secale Rie ¶ The time It is for the most part sowen in Autumne and sometimes in the Spring which proueth to be a Graine more subiect to putrifaction than that which was sowen in the fall of the leafe by reason the Winter doth ouertake it before it can attaine to his perfect maturitie and ripenesse ¶ The Names Rie is called in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in Low-Dutch 〈◊〉 in Spanish Centeno in Italian Segala in French Seigle which soundeth after the old Latine name which in Pliny is Secale and Farrago lib. 18. cap. 16. ¶ The temperature Rie as a medicine is hotter than wheat and more forcible in heating wasting and consuming away that whereto it is applied It is of a more clammy and obstructing nature than Wheat and harder to digest yet to rusticke bodies that can well digest it it yeelds good nourishment ¶ The vertues Bread or the leauen of Rie as the Belgian Physitians affirme vpon their practise doth more forcibly digest draw ripen and breake all Apostumes Botches and Byles than the leuen of Wheat Rie Meale bound to the head in a Linnen Cloath doth asswage the long continuing paines thereof CHAP. 48. Of Spelt Corne. ¶ The Description SPelt is like to Wheat in stalkes and eare it groweth vp with a multitude of stalks which are kneed and joynted higher than those of Barley it bringeth forth a disordered eare for the most part without beards The cornes be wrapped in certaine dry huskes from which they cannot easily be purged and are joyned together by couples in two chaffie huskes out of which when they be taken they are like vnto wheat cornes it hath also many roots as wheat hath whereof it is a kinde ¶ The place It groweth in fat and fertile moist ground ¶ The time It is altered and changed into Wheat it selfe as degenerating from bad to better contrary to all other that do alter or change especially as Theophrastus saith if it be clensed and so sowen but that not forthwith but in the third yeare ¶ The Names The Grecians haue called it 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 the Latines Spelta in the Germane tongue 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 in low Dutch 〈◊〉 in French Espeautre of most Italians Pirra Farra of the Tuscans Biada of the Millanois Alga in English Spelt Corne. Dioscorides maketh mention of two kindes of Spelt one of which he names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or single another 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which brings forth two cornes ioyned together in a couple of huskes as before in the description is mentioned That Spelt which Dioscorides calls Dicoccos is the same that Theophr and Galen do name Zea. The most ancient Latines
haue called Zea or Spelta by the name of Far as Dionysius Halicarnassaeus doth sufficiently testifie The old Romans saith he did call sacred marriages by the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because Zea siue Speltae Spelt Corne. the Bride and Bridegroome did eate of that Far which the Grecians do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The same thing Asclepiades affirmeth in Galen in his ninth Booke according to the places affected writing thus Farris quod Zea appellant that is to say Far which is called Zea c. And this Far is also named of the Latines Ador 〈◊〉 and Semen adoreum ¶ The temper Spelt as Dioscorides reporteth nourisheth more than Barley Galen writeth in his Bookes of the Faculties of simple Medicines Spelt is in all his temperature in a meane betweene Wheat and Barley and may in vertue be referred to the kindes of Barley and Wheat being indifferent to them both ¶ The vertues The floure or meale of Spelt corne boyled in water with the pouder of red Saunders and a little oyle of Roses and Lillies vnto the forme of a Pultesse and applied hot taketh away the swelling of the legs gotten by cold and long standing ‡ Spelt saith Turner is common about Weisenburgh in high Almanie eight Dutch miles on this side Strausbourgh and there all men vse it for wheat for there groweth no wheat at all yet I neuer saw fairer and pleasamer bread in any place in all my life than I haue eaten there made onely of this Spelt The Corne is much lesse than Wheat and somewhat shorter than Rie but nothing so blacke ‡ CHAP. 49. Of Starch Corne. 〈◊〉 Amyleum Starch Corne. ¶ The Description THis other kind of Spelta or Zea is called of the Germane Herbarists Amyleum Frumentum or Starch corne and is a kinde of grain sowen to that end or a three moneths graine and is very like vnto wheat in stalke and seed but the eare thereof is set round about and made vp with two ranks with certaine beards almost after the manner of Barley and the seed is closed vp in chaffie huskes and is sowen in the Spring ¶ The place Amil corne or Starch corne is sowen in Germanie Polonia Denmarke and other those Easterne Regions as well to feed their cattel and pullen with as also to make starch for the which purpose it doth very fitly serue ¶ The time It is sowen in Autumne or the fall of the leafe and oftentimes in the Spring and for that cause hath beene called Trimestre or three months grain it bringeth his seed to ripenesse in the beginning of August and is sowen in the Low-Countries in the Spring of the yeare ¶ The Names Because the Germanes haue great vse of it to make starch with they do call it 〈◊〉 Wee thinke good to name it in Latine Amyleum frumentum in English it may be called 〈◊〉 after the Germane word and may likewise be called Starch Corne. Tragus and Fuchsius tooke it to be Triticum 〈◊〉 or three moneths wheat but it may rather be referred to the Farra 〈◊〉 Columella speaketh of a graine called Far Halicastrum which is sowen in the Spring and for that cause it is named Trimestre or three moneths Far. If any be desirous to learne the making of Starch let them reade Dodoneus last edition where they shall be fully taught my selfe not willing to spend time about so vaine a thing and not pertinent to the story It is vsed onely to feed cattell pullen and make starch and is in nature somewhat like to wheat or Barley CHAP. 50. Of Barley ¶ The Description BArley hath an helme or straw which is shorter and more brittle than that of Wheat and hath more joints the leaues are broader and rougher the eare is armed with long rough and prickly beards or ailes and set about with sundry rankes sometimes two otherwhiles three foure or six at the most according to 〈◊〉 but eight according to Tragus The graine is included in a long chaffie huske the roots be slender and grow thicke together Barley as Pliny writeth is of all graine the softest and least subiect to casualtie yeelding fruit very quickely and profitably 1 Hordeum Distichon Common Barley 2 Hordeum Polystichum vernum Beare Barley or Barley Big 1 The most vsuall Barley is that which hath but two rowes of Corne in the eare each graine set iust opposite to other and hauing his long awne at his end is couered with a huske sticking close thereto 2 This which commonly hath foure rowes of corne in the eare and sometimes more as wee haue formerly deliuered is not so vsually sowen with vs the eare is commonly shorter than the former but the graine very like so that none who knowes the former but may easily know the later at the first sight ¶ The place They are sowen as Columella teacheth in loose and dry ground and are well knowne all Europe through 2 The second is sowen commonly in some parts of Yorke shire and the Bishopricke of Durham ¶ The Names 1 The first is called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in Low Dutch 〈◊〉 in Italian Orzo in Spanish 〈◊〉 in French Orge in English Barley 2 The second is called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Columella calleth it Galaticum and Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of our English Northerne people Big and Big Barley Crimmon saith Galen in his Commentaries vpon the second booke of Hippocrates his Prognosticks is the grosser part of Barley meale being grossely ground Malt is well knowne in England insomuch that the word needeth no interpretation notwithstanding because these Workes may chance into the hands of Strangers that neuer heard of such a word or such a thing by reason it is not 〈◊〉 where made I thought good to lay downe a word of the making thereof First it is steeped in water vntill it swell then is it taken from the water and laid as they terme it in a Couch that is spred vpon an euen floore the thicknesse of some foot and an halfe and thus is it kept vntill it Come that is vntill it send forth two or three little strings or fangs at the end of each Corne then it is spred vsually twice a day each day thinner than other for some eight or ten daies space vntill it be pretty dry and then it is dried vp with the heate of the fire and so vsed It is called in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in low Dutch 〈◊〉 in Latine of later time Maltum which name is borrowed of the Germanes Actius a Greeke Physitian nameth Barley thus prepared 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Bine The which Author affirmeth That a plaister of the meale of Malt is profitably laid vpon the swellings of the Dropsie Zythum as Diodorus Siculus affirmeth is not onely made in Aegypt but also in Galatia The aire is so cold saith he writing of Galatia that the country bringeth forth neither wine nor
so couered may be taken vp at times conuenient and vsed in sallades all the winter as in London and other places is to be seen and then it is called white Endiue whereof Pliny seemeth not to be ignorant speaking to the same purpose in his 20. booke and 8. chapter ¶ The Names These herbes be called by one name in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notwithstanding for distinctions sake they called the garden Succory 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the wilde Succory 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pliny nameth the Succory 〈◊〉 and the bitterer Dioscorides calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Intybum syluestre Intybum agreste Intybum 〈◊〉 and Cichorium in shops it is called Cichorea which name is not onely allowed of the later Physitions but also of the Poet Horace in the 31. Ode of his first booke Me pascunt 〈◊〉 Me Cichorea leuesque 〈◊〉 With vs saith Pliny in his 20. booke 8. chapter they haue called Intybum erraticum or wilde Endiue Ambugia others reade Ambubeia and some there be that name it Rostrum porcinum and others as Guilielmus Placentinus and Petrus Crescentius terme it Sponsa 〈◊〉 the Germanes call it 〈◊〉 which is as much to say as the keeper of the waies the Italians Cichorea the Spaniards Almerones the English-men Cicorie and Succory the Bohemians 〈◊〉 Endiue is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Intybum sativum of some Endiuia of Auicen and Serapio Taraxacon of the Italians Scariola which name remaineth in most shops also Seriola as 〈◊〉 they should fitly call it Seris but not so well Serriola with a double r for Serriola is 〈◊〉 sylue tris or wilde lettuce it is called in Spanish Serraya Enuide in English Endiue and Scariole and when it hath been in the earth buried as aforesaid then it is called white Endiue ‡ 5 This was first set forth by Clusius vnder this name Chondrillae genus elegans 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 since by Pona and Bauhine by the title we giue you to wit Cichorium spinosum Honorius Bellus writes that in Candy where as it naturally growes they vulgarly terme it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is 〈◊〉 spina the Pitcher Thorne because the people fetch all their water in stone pots or Pitchers which they 〈◊〉 with this plant to keepe mice and other such things from creeping into them and it growes 〈◊〉 round that it seems by nature to be prouided sor that purpose ‡ ¶ The Nature Endiue and Succorie are cold and drie in the second degree and withall somewhat binding and because they be something bitter they doe also clense and open Garden Endiue is colder and not so drie or clensing and by reason of these qualities they are thought to be excellent medicines for a hot liuer as Galen hath written in his 8. book of the compositions of medicines according to the places affected ¶ The Vertues These herbs when they be greene haue vertue to coole the hot burning of the liuer to helpe the stopping of the gall yellow jaundice lacke of sleepe stopping of vrine and hot burning feauers A syrup made thereof and sugar is very good for the diseases aforesaid The distilled water is good in potions cooling and purging drinkes The distilled water of Endiue Plantaine and roses profiteth against excoriations in the conduit of the yard to be iniected with a syringe whether the hurt came by vncleanenesse or by small stones and grauell issuing forth with the vrine as often hath been seene These herbes eaten in sallades or otherwise especially the white Endiue doth comfort the weake and feeble stomacke and cooleth and refresheth the stomacke ouermuch heated The leaues of Succorie brused are good against inflammation of the eyes being outwardly applied to the grieued place CHAP. 30. Of wilde Succorie 1 Cichorium syluestre Wilde Succorie 2 Cichorium luteum Yellow Succorie ¶ The Kindes IN like manner as there be sundrie sorts of 〈◊〉 and Endiues so is there wilde kindes of either of them ¶ The Description 1 WIlde Succorie hath long leaues somewhat snipt about the edges like the leaues of Sow-thistle with a stalke growing to the height of two cubits which is diuided towards the top into many branches The floures grow at the top blew of colour the root is tough and wooddie with many strings fastned thereto 2 Yellow Succorie hath long and large leaues deepely cut about the edges like those of the Hawkeweed The stalke is branched into sundry arms wheron do grow yellow flours very double resembling the floures of Dandelion or Pisse-abed the which being withered it flieth away in downe with euery blast of winde 3 Intybum 〈◊〉 Wilde Endiue 3 Wilde Endiue hath long smooth leaues slightly snipt about the edges The stalke is brittle and full of milkie juice as is all the rest of the plant the floures grow at the top of a blew or skie colour the root is tough and threddie 4 Medow Endiue or Endiue with broad leaues hath a thicke tough and wooddie root with many strings fastened thereto from which rise vp many broad leaues spread vpon the ground like those of garden Endiue but lesser and somewhat rougher among which rise vp many stalkes immediately from the root 〈◊〉 of them are deuided into sundrie branches whereupon doe grow many floures like those of the former but smaller ¶ The Place These plants doe grow wilde in sundrie places in England vpon wilde and vntilled barren grounds especially in chalkie and stonie places ¶ The Time They floure from the middest to the end of August ¶ The Names ‡ The first of these is Scris Picris of Lobell or Cichorium syluestre or Intybus erratica of Tabernamontanus ‡ Yellow Succorie is not without cause thought to be Hyosiris or as some copies haue it Hyosciris of which Pliny in his 20. booke and 8. chapter writeth Hyosiris saith he is like to Endiue but lesser and rougher it is called of Lobelius Hedypnois the rest of the names set forth in their seueall titles shall be sufficient for this time ¶ The Temperature They agree in temperature with the garden Succorie or Endiue ¶ The Vertues The leaues of these wilde herbes are boiled in pottage or brothes for sicke and feeble persons that haue hot weake and feeble stomackes to strengthen the same They are iudged to haue the same vertues with those of the garden if not of more force in working CHAP. 31. Of Gumme Succorie ¶ The Description 1 GVmme Succorie with blew floures hath a thicke and tough root with some strings annexed thereto full of a milkie iuyce as is all the rest of the plant the floures excepted The leaues are great and long in shape like to those of garden Succorie but deeplier cut or iagged somewhat after the manner of wilde Rocket among which rise tender stalkes very easie to be broken branched toward the top in two or sometimes three branches bearing very pleasant floures of an azure colour or deepe blew which being past the seed flieth away in
gall for besides that it purgeth forth cholericke and naughty humors it remoueth stoppings out of the conduits It also mightily strengthneth the intrals themselues insomuch as Rubarb is iustly termed of diuers the life of the liuer for Galen in his eleuenth booke of the method or manner of curing affirmeth that such kinde of medicines are most fit and profitable for the liuer as haue ioyned with a purging and opening qualitie an astringent or binding power The quantitie that is to be giuen is from one dram to two and the infusion from one and a halfe to three It is giuen or steeped and that in hot diseases with the infusion or distilled water of Succory Endiue or some other of the like nature and likewise in Whay and if there be no heate it may be giuen in Wine It is also oftentimes giuen being dried at the fire but so that the least or no part thereof at all be burned and being so vsed it is a remedie for the bloudy flix and for all kindes of laskes for it both purgeth away naughty and corrupt humors and likewise withall stoppeth the belly The same being dried after the same manner doth also stay the ouermuch flowing of the monethly sicknesse and stoppeth bloud in any part of the body especially that which commeth thorow the bladder but it should be giuen in a little quantitie and mixed with some other binding thing Mesues saith That Rubarb is an harmelesse medicine and good at all times and for all ages and likewise for children and women with childe ‡ My friend Mr. Sampson Iohnson Fellow of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford assures me That the Physitions of Vienna in Austria vse scarce any other at this day than the Rubarb of the Antients which grows in Hungary not far from thence and they prefer it before the dried Rubarb brought out of Persia and the East Indies because it hath not so strong a binding facultie as it neither doth it heate so much onely it must be vsed in somewhat a larger quantitie ‡ CHAP. 84. Of Sorrell ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers kindes of Sorrell differing in many points some of the garden others wilde some great and some lesser 1 Oxalis siue Acetosa Sorrell 2 Oxalis tuberosa Knobbed Sorrell ¶ The Description THough Dioscorides hath not expressed the Oxalides by that name yet none ought to doubt but that they were taken and accounted as the fourth kinde of Lapathum For though some like it not well that the seed should be said to be Drimus yet that is to be vnderstood according to the common phrase when acride things are confounded with those which be sharpe and soure else we might accuse him of such ignorance as is not amongst the simplest women Moreouer the word Oxys doth not onely signifie the leafe but the sauour and tartnesse which by a figure drawne from the sharpnesse of kniues edges is therefore called sharpe for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth a sharpe or sourc iuyce which pierceth the tongue like a sharpe knife whereupon also Lapathum may be called Oxalis as it is indeed The leaues of this are thinner tenderer and more vnctuous than those of Lapatium acutum broader next to the stem horned and crested like Spinage and Atriplex The stalke is much streaked reddish and full of iuyce the root is yellow and 〈◊〉 the seed sharpe cornered and shining growing in chaffie huskes like the other Docks 2 The second kinde of Oxalis or Sorrell hath large leaues like Patience confusedly growing together vpon a great tall stalke at the top whereof grow tufts of a chaffie substance The root is tuberous much like the Peonie or rather Filipendula fastned to the lower part of the stem with small long strings and laces 3 The third kinde of Sorrell groweth very small branching hither and thither taking hold by new shoots of the ground where it groweth whereby it disperseth it selfe far abroad The leaues are little and thin hauing two small leaues like eares fastned thereto in shew like the herbe Sagittaria the seed in taste is like the other of his kinde 4 The fourth kinde of Sorrell hath leaues somewhat round and cornered of a whiter colour than the ordinarie and hauing two short eares anexed vnto the same The seed and root in taste is like the other Sorrels 3 Oxalis tenuifolia Sheepes Sorrell 4 Oxalis Franca seu Romana Round leaued or French Sorrel 5 This kinde of curled Sorrell is a stranger in England and hath very long leaues in shape like the garden Sorrell but curled and crumpled about the edges as is the curled Colewort The stalke riseth vp among the leaues set here and there with the like leaues but lesser The floures seeds and roots are like the common Sorrell or soure Docke 6 The small Sorrell that groweth vpon dry barren sandy ditch-banks hath small grassy leaues somewhat forked or crossed ouer like the crosse hilt of a rapier The stalkes rise vp amongst the leaues small weake and tender of the same soure taste that the leaues are of The floure seed and root is like the other Sorrels but altogether lesser 6 Oxalis minor Small Sorrell 7 The smallest sort of Sorrell is like vnto the precedent sauing that the lowest leaues that ly vpon the ground be somewhat round and without the little eares that the other hath which setteth forth the difference ‡ 8 There is also kept in some gardens a verie large sorrel hauing leaues thicke whitish and as large as an ordinarie Docke yet shaped like Sorrell and of the same acide taste The stalkes and seed are like those of the ordinary yet whiter coloured ‡ ¶ The Place †The common Sorrell groweth for the most part in moist medowes and gardens The second by waters sides but not in this kingdome that I know of The fourth also is a garden plant with vs as also the fifth but the third and last grow vpon grauelly and sandie barren ground and ditch bankes †¶ The Time They flourish at that time when as the other kinds of Docks do floure ¶ The Names Garden Sorrell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Acidum lapathum or Acidus rumex soure Docke and in shops commonly Acetosa in the Germane Tongue 〈◊〉 in low-Dutch Surckele and Surinck the Spaniards Azederas Agrelles and Azedas in French Ozeille and Surelle Aigrette in English Garden Sorrell The second is called of the later Herbarists Tuberosa acetosa and Tuberosum lapathum in English Bunched or Knobbed Sorrell The third is called in English Sheepes Sorrell in Dutch Schap Surkel The fourth Romane Sorrell or round leaued Sorrell The fifth Curled Sorrell The sixth and seuenth Barren Sorrell or Dwarfe Sheepes Sorrell ‡ The eighth is called Oxalis or Acetosa maxima latifolia Great broad leaued Sorrell ‡ ¶ The Nature The Sorrels are moderately cold and dry ¶ The Vertues Sorrell doth vndoutedly coole
healing The decoction hereof made with wine is commended to close vp and heale wounds of the entrailes and inward parts it is also good for vlcers of the kidneies especially made with water and the roots of Comfrey added thereto The leaues of Monophyllon or Vnifolium are of the same force in wounds with Pyrola especially in wounds among the nerues and sinewes Moreouer it is esteemed of some late writers a most perfect medicine against the pestilence and all poisons if a dram of the root be giuen in vineger mixed with wine or water and the sicke go to bed and sweat vpon it CHAP. 91. Of Lilly in the valley or May Lilly 1 Lilium conuallium Conuall Lillies 2 Lilium conuallium floribus suaue-rubentibus Red Conuall Lillies ¶ The Description 1 THe Conuall Lillie or Lilly of the Vally hath many leaues like the smallest leaues of Water Plantaine among which riseth vp a naked stalke halfe a foot high garnished with many white floures like little bels with blunt and turned edges of a strong sauour yet pleasant enough which being past there come small red berries much like the berries of Asparagus wherein the seed is contained The root is small and slender creeping far abroad in the ground 2 The second kinde of May Lillies is like the former in euery respect and herein varieth or differeth in that this kinde hath reddish floures and is thought to haue the sweeter smell ¶ The Place 1 The first groweth on Hampsted heath foure miles from London in great abundance neere to Lee in Essex and vpon Bushie heath thirteene miles from London and many other places 2 That other kind with the red floure is a stranger in England howbeit I haue the same growing in my garden ¶ The Time They floure in May and their fruit is ripe in September ¶ The Names The Latines haue named it Lilium Gonuallium Gesner doth thinke it to be Callionymum in the Germane tongue Meyen blumlen the low Dutch Meyen bloemkens in French Muguet yet there is likewise another herbe which they call Muguet commonly named in English Woodroof It is called in English Lillie of the Valley or the Conuall Lillie and May Lillies and in some places Liriconfancie ¶ The Nature They are hot and drie of complexion ¶ The Vertues The floures of the Valley Lillie distilled with wine and drunke the quantitie of a spoonfull restoreth speech vnto those that haue the dum palsie and that are falne into the Apoplexie and is good against the gout and comforteth the heart The water aforesaid doth strengthen the memorie that is weakened and diminished it helpeth also the inflammation of the eies being dropped thereinto The floures of May Lillies put into a glasse and set in a hill of antes close stopped for the space of a moneth and then taken out therein you shall find a liquour that appeaseth the paine griefe of the gout being outwardly applied which is commended to be most excellent CHAP. 92. Of Sea Lauander 1 Limonium Sea Lauander 2 Limonium parvum Rocke Lauander ¶ The Description 1 THere hath beene among writers from time to time great contention about this plant Limonium no one authour agreeing with another for some haue called this herbe Limonium some another herb by this name some in remouing the rock haue mired themselues in the mud as Matthiolus who described two kindes but made no distinction of them nor yet expressed which was the true Limonium but as a man heerein ignorant hee speakes not a word of them Now then to leaue controuersies and cauilling the true Limonium is that which hath faire leaues like the Limon or Orenge tree but of a darke greene colour somewhat fatter and a little crumpled amongst which leaues riseth vp an hard and brittle naked stalke of a foot high diuided at the top into sundry other small branches which grow for the most part vpon the one side full of little blewish floures in shew like Lauander with long red seed and a thicke root like vnto the small Docke 2 There is a kinde of Limonium like the first in each respect but lesser which groweth vpon rockes and chalkie cliffes ‡ 3 Besides these two here described there is another elegant Plant by Clusius and others referred to this kindred the description thereof is thus from a long slender root come forth long greene leaues lying spred vpon the ground being also deepely sinuated on both sides and somewhat roughish Amongst these leaues grow vp the stalkes welted with slender indented skinnes and towards their tops they are diuided into sundry branches after the manner of the ordinarie one but these branches are also winged and at their tops they carry floures some foure or fiue clustering together consisting of one thin crispe or crumpled leafe of a light blew colour which continues long if you gather them in their perfect vigour and so drie them and in the middest of this blew comes vp little white floures consisting of fiue little round leaues with some white threds in their middles This plant was first obserued by 〈◊〉 at Ioppa in Syria but it growes also vpon the coasts of Barbarie and at Malacca and Cadiz in Spaine I haue seene it growing with many other rare plants in the Garden of my kinde friend Mr. Iohn Tradescant at South Lambeth 4 Clusius in the end of his fourth Booke Historiae Plantarum sets forth this and saith hee receiued this figure with one dryed leafe of the plant sent him from Paris from Claude Gonier an Apothecarie of that citie who receiued it as you see it here exprest from Lisbone Now Clusius describes the leafe that it was hard and as if it had been a piece of leather open on the vpper side and distinguished with many large purple veines on the inside c. for the rest of his description was onely taken from the figure as he himselfe saith which I hold impertinent to set downe seeing I heere giue you the same figure which by no meanes I could omit for the strangenesse thereof but hope that some or other that trauell into forraine parts may finde this elegant plant and know it by this small expression and bring it home with them that so we may come to a perfecter knowledge thereos ‡ ‡ 3 Limonium folio sinuato Sea-Lauander with the indented leafe ‡ 4 Limonio congener Clus. Hollow leaued Sea-Lauander ¶ The Place 1 The first groweth in great plentie vpon the walls of the fort against Grauesend but abundantly on the bankes of the Riuer below the same towne as also below the Kings Store-house at Chattam and fast by the Kings Ferrey going into the Isle of Shepey in the salt marshes by Lee in Essex in the Marsh by Harwich and many other places The small kinde I could neuer finde in any other place but vpon the chalky cliffe going from the towne of Margate downe to the sea side vpon the left hand ¶ The Time They floure in Iune and Iuly ¶
Plantaine 6 This plantain must not here be forgot though it be somwhat hard to be found his leaues roots and stalkes are like those of the ordinarie but in stead of a compact spike it hath one much diuided after the manner as you see it here expressed in the figure and the colour thereof is greenish ‡ ¶ The Place The greater Plantaines do grow almost euery where The lesser Plantaine is found on the sea coasts and bankes of great 〈◊〉 which are sometimes washed with brackish water ‡ The Rose Plantaines grow with vs in gardens and the sixth with spokie tufts groweth in some places in the Isle of Tenet where I first found it being in company with Mr. Thomas 〈◊〉 Mr. Leonard Buckner and other London Apothecaries Anno 1632. ‡ ¶ The Time They are to be seene from Aprill vnto September ¶ The Names Plantaine is called in Latine Plantago and in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Arnoglossa that is to say Lambes tongue the Apothecaries keepe the Latine name in Italian Plantagine and Plantagine in Spanish 〈◊〉 the Germanes 〈◊〉 in Low-Dutch 〈◊〉 in English Plantain and Weybred in French Plantain ¶ The Temperature Plantaine as Galen faith is of a mixt temperature for it hath in it a certaine waterie coldnesse with a little harshnesse earthy dry and cold therefore they are cold and dry in the second degree To be briefe they are dry without biting and cold without benumming The root is of like temperature but drier and not so cold The seed is of subtill parts and of temperature lesse cold ¶ The Vertues Plantaine is good for vlcers that are of hard curation for fluxes issues rheumes and rottennesse and for the bloudy flix it stayeth bleeding it heales vp hollow sores and vlcers as well old as new Of all the Plantaines the greatest is the best and excelleth the rest in facultie and vertue The iuyce or decoction of Plantaine drunken stoppeth the bloudy flix and all other fluxes of the belly stoppeth the pissing of bloud spitting of bloud and all other issues of bloud in man or woman and the desire to vomit Plantaine leaues stamped and made into a Tansie with the yelkes of egges stayeth the inordinate flux of the termes although it haue continued many yeares The root of Plantaine with the seed boyled in white Wine and drunke openeth the conduits or passages of the liuer and kidnies cures the jaundice and vlcerations of the kidnies and 〈◊〉 The juyce dropped in the eyes doth coole the heat and inflammation thereof I finde in ancient Writers many good-morrowes which I thinke not meet to bring into your memorie againe as that three roots will cure one griefe foure another disease six hanged about the necke are good for another maladie c. all which are but ridiculous toyes The leaues are singular good to make a water to wash a sore throat or mouth or the priuy parts of a man or woman The leaues of Plantaine stamped and put into Oyle Oliue and set in the hot Sun for a moneth together and after boyled in a kettle of seething water which we doe call Balneum Mariae and then strained preuaileth against the paines in the eares the yard or matrix being dropped into the eares or cast with a syringe into the other parts before rehearsed or the paines of the fundament proued by a learned Gentleman Mr. William Godowrus Sergeant Surgeon to the Queenes Maiestie CHAP. 98. Of Rib-wort ¶ The Description 1 RIb-wort or small Plantaine hath many leaues flat spred vpon the ground narrow sharp pointed and ribbed for the most part with fiue nerues or sinewes and therefore it was called Quinque-neruia in the middle of which leaues riseth vp a crested or ribbed stalke bearing at the top a darke or dusky knap set with a few such white floures as are the floures of wheat The root and other parts are like the other Plantaines ‡ There is another lesse kinde of this Rib-wort which differs not from the last mentioned in any thing but the smallnesse thereof ‡ 2 Rose Rib-wort hath many broad and long leaues of a darke greene colour sharpe pointed and 〈◊〉 with fiue nerues or sinewes like the common Rib-wort amongst which rise vp naked 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 chamfered or crested with certaine sharpe edges at the top whereof groweth a great and large tuft of such leaues as those are that grow next the ground making one entire tuft or vmbel in shape resembling the rose wherof I thought good to giue it his syrname Rose which is from his floure ‡ This also I think differs not from that of Clusius wherefore I giue his figure in the place of that set forth by our Author ‡ 1 Plantago quinqueneruia Ribwort Plantaine 2 Plantago quinqueneruiarosea Rose Ribwort ¶ The Place Ribwort groweth almost euery where in the borders of path-wayes and fertile fields Rose Ribwort is not very common in any place notwithstanding it groweth in my garden and wilde also in the North parts of England and in a field neere London by a village called Hogsdon found by a learned merchant of London Mr. Iames Cole a louer of plants and very skilfull in the knowledge of them ¶ The Time They floure and flourish when the other Plantaines do ¶ The Names Ribwort is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Plantago minor Quin queneruia and Lanceola or Lanceolata in high Dutch Spitziger Wegrich in French Lanceole in Low-Dutch Hondtsribbe that is to say in Latine Costa canina or Dogs rib in English Ribwort and Ribwort Plantaine The second I haue thought meet to cal Rose Ribwort in English and Quinqueneruiarosea in Latine ¶ The Temperature Ribwort is cold and dry in the second degree as are the Plantains ¶ The Vertues The vertues are referred to the kindes of Plantaines CHAP. 99. Of Sea Plantaines 1 Holosteum Salamanticum Flouring sea Plantaine 2 Holosteum parvum Small sea Plantaine 3 Plantago marina Sea Plantaine ¶ The Description 1 CArolus Clusius that excellent Herbarist hath referred these two sorts of Holosteum vnto the kindes of Sea Plantaine The first hath long leaues like the common Rib-wort but narrower couered with some hairinesse or wollinesse among which there riseth vp a stalke bearing at the top a spike like the kindes of Plantaine beset with many small floures of an herby colour declining to whitenesse The seed is like that of the Plantaine the root is long and wooddy This floures in Aprill or May. 2 The second is like the former but smaller and not so gray or hoary the floures are like to Coronopus or the lesser Ribwort This floures at the same time as the former 3 The third kinde which is the sea Plantaine hath small and narrow leaues like Bucks-horn but without any manisest incisure cuttings or notches vpon the one side among which riseth vp a spikie stalke like the common kinde but smaller ‡ 4 Holosteum siue Leontopodium Creticum Candy Lyons
afresh for certaine yeeres after ¶ The Time It may be sowne in March or Aprill it flourisheth and is greene in Iune and afterwards euen vntill winter ¶ The Names Purslane is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Portulaca in high Dutch Burkelkraut in French Poupier in Italian 〈◊〉 in Spanish Verdolagas in English Purslane and Porcelane ¶ The Temperature Purslane is cold and that in the third degree and moist in the second but wilde Purslane is not so moist ¶ The Vertues Rawe Purslane is much vsed in sallades with oile salt and vineger it cooleth an hot 〈◊〉 and prouoketh appetite but the nourishment which commeth thereof is little bad cold grosse and moist being chewed it is good for teeth that are set on edge or astonied the juice doth the same being held in the mouth and also the distilled water Purslane is likewise commended against wormes in young children and is singular good especially if they be feuerish withall for it both allaies the ouermuch heate and killeth the wormes which thing is done through the saltnes mixed therewith which is not only an enemy to wormes but also to putrifaction The leaues of Purslane either rawe or boiled and eaten as sallades are good for those that haue great heate in their stomackes and inward parts and doe coole and temper the inflamed bloud The same taken in like manner is good for the bladder and kidnies and allaieth the out ragious lust of the body the juice also hath the same vertue The juice of Purslane stoppeth the bloudy fluxe the fluxe of the hemorroides monthly termes spitting of bloud and all other fluxes whatsoeuer The same thrown vp with a mother syringe cureth the inflammations frettings and 〈◊〉 of the matrix and put into the fundament with a clister pipe helpeth the vlcerations and 〈◊〉 the guts The leaues eaten rawe take away the paine of the teeth and fasteneth them and are good for teeth that are set on edge with eating of sharpe or soure things The seed being taken killeth and driueth forth wormes and stoppeth the laske CHAP. 149. Of sea Purslane and of the shrubby Sengreens ¶ The Description 1 SEa Purslane is not a herbe as garden Purslane but a little shrub the stalkes whereof be hard and wooddy the leaues fat full of substance like in forme to common Purslane but much whiter and harder the mossie purple floures stand round about the vpper parts of the stalkes as do almost those of Blyte or of Orach neither is the seed vnlike being broad and flat the root is wooddy long lasting as is also the plant which beareth out the winter with the losse of a few leaues †2 There is another sea Purslane or Halimus or after Dodonaus Portulaca marina which hath leaues like the former but not altogether so white yet are they somewhat longer and narrower not much vnlike the leaues of the Oliue tree The slender branches are not aboue a cubit or cubit and halfe long and commonly lie spred vpon the ground and the floures are of a deepe ouerworne herby colour and after them follow seedes like those of the former but smaller ‡ 3 Our ordinary Halimus or sea Purslane hath small branches some foot or better long lying commonly spred vpon the ground of an ouerworne grayish colour and sometimes purple the leaues are like those of the last mentioned but more fat and thicke yet lesse hoary The floures grow on the tops of the branches of an herby purple colour which is succeeded by small seeds like to that of the second kinde ‡ 4 There is found another wilde sea Purslane whereof I haue thought good to make mention which doth resemble the kindes of Aizoons The first kinde groweth vpright with a trunke like a small tree or shrub hauing many vpright wooddy branches of an ashe colour with many thicke darke greene leaues like the small Stone crop called Vermicularis the floures are of an herby yellowish greene colour the root is very hard and fibrous the whole plant is of a salt tang taste and the juice like that of Kaly 5 There is another kinde like the former and differeth in that this strange plant is greater the leaues more sharpe and narrower and the whole plant more wooddy and commeth neere to the forme of a tree The floures are of a greenish colour ‡ 1 Halimus latifolius Tree Sea Purslane ‡ 2 Halimus angustifolius procumbens Creeping Sea Purslane 3 Halimus vulgaris siue Portulaca marina Common Sea Purslane ‡ 4 Vermicular is frutex minor The lesser shrubby Sengreen ‡ 5 Vermicularis frutex major The greater Tree Stone-crop ¶ The Place ‡ The first and second grow vpon the Sea coasts of Spaine and other hot countries ‡ and the third groweth in the salt marishes neere the sea side as you passe ouer the Kings ferrey vnto the isle of Shepey going to Sherland house belonging sometime vnto the Lord Cheiny and in the yeare 1590 vnto the Worshipfull Sr. Edward Hobby fast by the ditches sides of the same marish it groweth plentifully in the isle of Thanet as you go from Margate to Sandwich and in many other places along the coast The other sorts grow vpon bankes and heapes of sand on the Sea coasts of Zeeland Flanders Holland and in like places in other countries as besides the Isle of Purbecke in England and on Rauen-spurne in Holdernesse as I my selfe haue seene ¶ The Time These flourish and floure especially in Iuly and August ¶ The Names Sea Purslane is called Portulaca Marina In Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is also called in Latine Halimus in Dutch Zee 〈◊〉 in English Sea Purslane The bastard ground Pines are called of some Chamepitys virmiculata in English Sea ground Pine ‡ or more fitly Tree Ston-crop or Pricket or Shrubby Sengreene ‡ ¶ The Temperature Sea Purslane is as Galen saith of vnlike parts but the greater part thereof is hot in a meane with a moisture vnconcocted and somewhat windie ¶ The Vertues The leaues saith Dioscorides are boyled to be eaten a dram weight of the root being drunke with meade or honied water is good against crampes and drawings awrie of sinewes burstings and gnawings of the belly it also causeth Nurses to haue store of milke The leaues be in the Low-countries preserued in salt or pickle as capers are and be serued and eaten at mens tables in stead of them and that without any mislike of taste to which it is pleasant Galen doth also report that the yong and tender buds are wont in Cilicia to be eaten and also laid vp in store for vse ‡ Clusius saith That the learned Portugal Knight Damianus a Goes assured him That the leaues of the first described boyled with bran and so applied mitigate the paines of the Gout proceeding of an hot cause ‡ CHAP. 150. Of Herbe-Iuy or Ground-Pine ¶ The Description 1 THe common kinde of Chamaepitys or Ground-Pine is a small herbe and very tender creeping vpon the
chamfered or crested hard and wooddy being for the most part two foot high The leaues are three or foure times bigger than those of S. Iohns wort which be at the first greene afterwards and in the end of Sommet of a dark red colour out of which is pressed a iuyce not like blacke bloud but Claret or Gascoigne wine The floures are yellow and greater than those of S. Peters wort after which riseth vp a little round head or berry first greene afterwards red last of all blacke wherein is contained yellowish red seed The root is hard wooddy and of long continuance ‡ 2 This which Dodonaeus did not vnfitly call Ruta syluestris Hypericoides and which others haue set forth for Androsaemum and our Author the last chapter saue one affirmed to be the true 〈◊〉 though here it seemes he had either altered his minde or forgot what he formerly wrot may fitly stand in competition with the last described which may passe in the first place for the Androsaemum of the Antients for adhuc sub judice lis est I will not here insist vpon the point of controuersie but giue you a description of the plant which is this It sends vp round slender reddish stalkes some two cubits high set with fewer yet bigger leaues than the ordinarie S. Iohns Wort and these also more hairy the floures and seeds are like those of the common S. Iohns wort but somewhat larger It growes in some mountainous and wooddy places and in the Aduersaria it is called Androsaemum excellentius seu magnum and by Dodonaeus as we but now noted Ruta syluestris Hypericoides thinking it to be the Ruta syluestris which is described by Dioscorides lib. 〈◊〉 cap. 48. in the old Greeke edition of Manutius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And in that of Marcellus Virgilius his Interpretation in the chapter and booke but now mentioned but reiected amongst the Notha in the Paris Edition Anno 1549. You may finde the description also in Dodonaeus Pempt primae lib. 3. cap. 25 whither I refer the curious being loath here to insist further vpon it ‡ 1 Clymenon Italorum Tutsan or Parke leaues ‡ 2 Androsaemum Hypericoides Tutsan S. Iohns wort ¶ The Place Tutsan groweth in woods and by hedges especially in Hampsted wood where the Golden rod doth grow in a wood by Railie in Essex and many other places ¶ The Time It floureth in Iuly and August the seed in the meane time waxeth ripe The leaues becom 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 at that time is very easily pressed forth his winie iuyce ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latines also Androsaemon it is likewise called 〈◊〉 as 〈◊〉 witnesseth They are farre from the truth that take it to be Clymenum and it is needlesse to finde fault with their error It is also called Siciliana and Herba Siciliana in English Tutsan and Parke-leaues ¶ The Temperature The faculties are such as S. Peters wort which doth sufficiently declare it to be hot and dry ¶ The Vertues The seed hereof beaten to pouder and drunke to the weight of two drams doth purge cholericke excrements as Dioscorides writeth and is a singular remedie for the Sciatica prouided that the Patient do drinke water for a day or two after purging The herbe cureth burnings and applied vpon new wounds it stancheth the bloud and healeth them The leaues laid vpon broken shins and scabbed legs healeth them and many other hurts and griefes whereof it tooke his name Tout-saine or Tutsane of healing all things ‡ CHAP. 161. Of Bastard S. Johns wort ‡ 1 Coris Matthioli Matthiolus his bastard S. Iohns wort ‡ 2 Coris coerulea Monspeliaca French bastard S. Iohns wort ‡ THe diligence of these later times hath beene such to finde out the Materia medica of the Antients that there is scarse any plant described by them but by some or other of late there haue been two or more seuerall plants referred thereto and thus it hath happened vnto 〈◊〉 which Dioscorides lib. 3. cap. 174. hath set forth by the name of Coris and presently describes after the kindes of Hypericon and that with these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some also call this Hypericon to which Matthiolus and others haue fitted a plant which is indeed a kinde of Hypericon as you may perceiue by the figure and description which I giue you in the first place Some as 〈◊〉 referre it to Chamaepytis and indeed by Dioscorides it is placed betweene Androsaemon and Chamaepytis and to this that which is described by Pena and Lobel in the Aduers and by Clusius in his Historie may fitly be referred this I giue you in the second place ¶ The Description 1 THe first hath a wooddy thicke and long lasting root which sendeth vp many branches some foot or more high and it is set at certaine spaces with round leaues like those of the small Glasse-wort or Sea-Spurry but shorter the tops of the stalkes are diuided into 〈◊〉 branches which carry floures like those of S. Iohns wort of a whitish red colour with threds in their middles hauing little yellow pendants It growes in Italy and other hot countries in places not far from the sea side This is thought to be the true Coris by Matthiolus Gesner Lonicerus Lacuna Bellus Pona and others 2 This from a thicke root red on the outside sendeth vp sundry stalkes some but an handfull other some a foot or more long stiffe round purplish set thicke with leaues like those of Heath but thicker more succulent and bitter which so netimes grow orderly and otherwhiles out of order The spikes or heads grow on the tops of the branches consisting of a number of little cups diuided into fiue sharpe points and marked with a blacke spot in each diuision out of these cups comes a floure of a blew purple colour of a most elegant and not fading colour and it is composed of foure little biside leaues whereof the two vppermost are the larger the seed which is round and blackish is contained in seed-vessels hauing points somewhat sharpe or prickly It floures in Aprill and May and is to be found growing in many places of Spaine as also about Mompelier in France whence Pena and Lobel called it Coris Monspeliaca and Clusius Coris quorundam Gallorum Hispanorum ¶ The Temperature These Plants seeme to be hot in the second or third degree ¶ The Vertues Dioscorides saith That the seed of Coris drunke moue the courses and vrine are good against the biring of the Spider Phalangium the Sciatica and drunke in Wine against that kinde of Convulsion which the Greekes call Opisthotonos which is when the body is drawne backwards as also against the cold fits in Agues It is also good anointed with oyle against the aforesaid Convulsion ‡ CHAP. 162. Of the great Centorie ¶ The Description 1 THe great Centory bringeth forth round smooth stalkes three cubits high the leaues are long diuided as it were into many parcels
like to those of the Walnut tree and of an ouerworne grayish colour somewhat snipt about the edges like the teeth of a saw The floures grow at the top of the stalks in scaly knaps like the great Knapweed the middle thrums whereof are of a light blew or sky colour when the seed is ripe the whole knap or head turneth into a downy 〈◊〉 like the head of an 〈◊〉 wherein is found a long smooth seed bearded at one end like those of 〈◊〉 Sattron called Cartamus or the seed of Cardus Benedictus The root is great long blacke on the outside and of a sanguine colour on the inside somewhat sweet in taste and biting the tongue 2 There is likewise another sort hauing great and large leaues like those of the water Docke somewhat snipt or toothed about the edges The stalke is shorter than the other but the root is more oleous or fuller of iuyce otherwise like The floure is of a pale yellow purplish colour and the seed like that of the former 1 Centaurium magnum Great Centorie ‡ 2 Centaurium maius alterum Whole leaued great Centorie ¶ The Place The great Centorie ioyeth in a fat and fruitfull soile and in Sunny bankes full of Grasse and herbes It groweth very plentifully saith Dioscorides in Lycia Peloponnesus Arcadia and Morea and it is also to be found vpon Baldus a mountaine in the territories of Verona and likewise in my garden ¶ The Time It floureth in Sommer and the roots may be gathered in Autumne ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus also Centauris in diuers shops falsly Rha Ponticum for Rha Ponticum is Rha growing in the countries of Pontus a plant differing from great Centorie Theophrastus and Pliny set downe among the kindes of Panaces or All-heales this great Centorie and also the lesser whereof we will write in the next chapter following Pliny reciting the words of Theophrastus doth in his twenty fifth booke and fourth chapter write that they were found out by Chiron the Centaure and syrnamed Centauria Also affirming the same thing in his sixth chapter where he more largely expoundeth both the Centauries hee repeateth them to be found out by Chiron and thereupon he addeth that both of them are named Chironia Of some it is reported That the said Chiron was cured therewith of a wound in his foot that was made with 〈◊〉 arrow that fell vpon it when he was entertaining Hercules into his house whereupon it was called Chironium or of the curing of the wounds of his souldiers for the which purpose it is most excellent ¶ The Temperature It is hot and dry in the third degree Galen 〈◊〉 by the taste of the root it sheweth contrarie qualities so in the vse it performeth contrarie effects ¶ The Vertues The root taken in the quantitie of two drams is good for them that be bursten or spit bloud against the crampe and shrinking of sinewes the shortnesse of wind or difficultie of breathing the cough and gripings of the belly There is not any part of the herbe but it rather worketh miracles than ordinarie cures in greene wounds for it ioyneth together the lips of simple wounds in the flesh according to the first intentention that is glewing the lips together not drawing to the place any matter at all The root of this Plant saith Dioscorides is a remedie for ruptures 〈◊〉 and cramps taken in the weight of two drams to be giuen with wine to those that are without a feuer and vnto those that haue with water Galen saith that the iuyce of the leaues thereof performeth those things that the root doth which is also vsed in stead of Lycium a kinde of hard iuyce of a sharpe taste CHAP. 163. Of Small Centorie ¶ The Description 1 THe lesser Centorie is a little herbe it groweth vp with a cornered stalke halfe a foot high with leaues in forme and bignesse of S. Iohns wort the floures grow at the top in a spoky bush or rundle of a red colour tending to purple which in the day time and after the Sun is vp do open themselues but towards euening shut vp againe after them come forth small seed-vessels of the shape of wheat cornes in which are contained very little seeds The root is slender hard and soone fading 2 The yellow Centorie hath leaues stalkes and seed like the other and is in each respect alike sauing that the floures 〈◊〉 are of a perfect yellow colour which setteth forth the difference ‡ This is of two sorts the one with broad leaues through which the stalkes passe and the other hath narrow leaues like those of the common Centorie ‡ 1 Centaurium parvum Small Centorie 2 Centaurium parvum luteum Lobelij Yellow Centorie ¶ The Place 1 The first is growing in great plenty throughout all England in most pastures and grassie fields 2 The yellow doth grow vpon the chalkie cliffes of Greenhithe in Kent and such like places ¶ The Time They are to be gathered in their flouring time that is in Iuly and August of some that gather them superstitiously they are gathered betweene the two Lady dayes ¶ The Names The Greekes call this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine it is called Centaurium minus yet Pliny nameth it Libadion and by reason of his great bitternesse Fel terrae The Italians in Hetruria call it Biondella in Spanish Centoria in low-Dutch 〈◊〉 in English Small little or common Centorie in French Centoire ¶ The Temperature The small Centorie is of a bitter qualitie and of temperature hot and dry in the second degree and the yellow Centorie is hot and dry in the third degree ¶ The Vertues Being boyled in water and drunke it openeth the stoppings of the liuer gall and spleene it helpeth the yellow jaundice and likewise long and lingering agues it killeth the wormes in the bellie to be briefe it cleanseth scoureth and maketh thinne humors that are thicke and doth effectually performe whatsoeuer bitter things can Dioscorides and Galen after him report that the decoction draweth downe by siege choler and thicke humors and helpeth the Sciatica but though wee haue vsed this often and luckily yet could we not perceiue euidently that it purges by the stoole any thing at all and yet it hath performed the effects aforesaid This Centorie being stamped and laid on whilest it is fresh and greene doth heale and closevp greene wounds cleanseth old vlcers and perfectly cureth them The iuyce is good in medicines for the eyes mixed with honey it cleanseth away such things as hinder the sight and being drunke it hath a peculiar vertue against the infirmities of the 〈◊〉 as Dioscorides teacheth The Italian Physitions do giue the pouder of the leaues of yellow Centorie once in three daies in the quantitie of a dram with annise or caraway seeds in wine or other liquor which preuaileth against the dropsie and greene sicknesse Of the red floured Ioannes Postius hath thus written Flos
them let fresh Lauander and store Of wild Time with strong Sauorie to floure Yet there is another Casia called in shops Casia Lignea as also Casia nigra which is named Casia 〈◊〉 and another a small shrubbie plant extant among the shrubs or hedge bushes which some thinke to be the Casia Poetica mentioned in the precedent verses ¶ The Temperature Lauander is hot and drie and that in the third degree and is of a thin substance consisting of many airie and spirituall parts Therefore it is good to be giuen any way against the cold diseases of the head and especially those which haue their originall or beginning not of abundance of humours but chiefely of a cold quality onely ¶ The Vertues The distilled water of Lauander smelt vnto or the temples and forehead bathed therewith is a refreshing to them that haue the Catalepsie a light Migram to them that haue the falling sicknesse and that vse to swoune much But when there is abundance of humours especially mixt with bloud it is not then to be vsed safely neither is the composition to be taken which is made of distilled wine in which such kinde of herbes floures or seeds and certaine spices are infused or steeped though most men do rashly and at aduenture giue them without making any difference at all For by vsing such hot things that fill and stuffe the head both the disease is made greater and the sicke man also brought into danger especially when letting of bloud or purging haue not gone before Thus much by way of admonition because that euery where some vnlearned Physitions and diuers rash and ouerbold Apothecaries and other foolish women do by and by giue such compositions and others of the like kinde not only to those that haue the Apoplexy but also to those that are taken or haue the Catuche or Catalepsis with a Feuer to whom they can giue nothing worse seeing those things do very much hurt and oftentimes bring death it selfe The floures of Lauander picked from the knaps I meane the blew part and not the huske mixed with Cinamon Nutmegs and Cloues made into pouder and giuen to drinke in the distilled water thereof doth helpe the panting and passion of the heart preuaileth against giddinesse turning or swimming of the braine and members subiect to the palsie Conserue made of the floures with sugar profiteth much against the diseases aforesaid if the quantitie of a beane be taken thereof in the morning fasting It profiteth them much that haue the palsie if they bee washed with the distilled water of the floures or annointed with the oile made of the floures and oile oliue in such manner as oile 〈◊〉 roses is which shall be expressed in the treatise of Roses CHAP. 180. Of French Lauander or Stickeadoue ¶ The Description 1 FRench Lauander hath a bodie like Lauander short and of a wooddie substance but slenderer beset with long narrow leaues of a whitish colour lesser than those of Lauander it hath in the top bushy or spikie heads well compact or thrust together out of the which grow forth small purple floures of a pleasant smell The seede is small and blackish the roote is hard and wooddie 2 This iagged Sticadoue hath many small stiffe stalks of a wooddy substance whereupon do grow iagged leaues in shape like vnto the leaues of Dill but of an hoarie colour on the top of the stalkes do grow spike floures of a blewish colour and like vnto the common Lauander Spike the root is likewise wooddie ‡ This by Clusius who first described it as also by Lobel is called Lavendula multisido folio or Lauander with the diuided leafe the plant more resembling Lauander than Sticadoue ‡ 3 There is also a certaine kind e hereof differing in smalnesse of the leaues onely which are round about the edges nicked or toothed like a saw resembling those of Lauander cotton The root is likewise wooddie ‡ 4 There is also another kinde of Stoechas which differs from the first or ordinarie kind in that the tops of the stalkes are not set with leaues almost close to the head as in the common kinde but are naked and wholly without leaues also at the tops of the spike or floures as it were to recompence their defect below there growe larger and fairer leaues than in the other sorts The other parts of the plant differ not from the common Stoechas ‡ †1 Stoechas sive spica hortulana Sticadoue and Sticados 2 Stoechas multisida Iagged Sticados 3 Stoechas folio serrato Toothed Sticadoue ‡ 4 Stoechas summis cauliculis nudis Naked Sticadoue ¶ The Place These herbes do grow wilde in Spaine in Languedocke in France and the Islands called Stoechades ouer against Massilia we haue them in our gardens and keepe them with great diligence from the iniurie of our cold clymate ¶ The Time They are sowne of seed in the end of Aprill and couered in the Winter from the cold or els set in pots or tubs with earth and carried into houses ¶ The Names The Apothecaries call the floure Stoecados Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the dipthong in the first syllable in Latine Stoechas in High Dutch Stichas kraut in Spanish Thomani and Cantuesso in English French Lauander Steckado Stickadoue Cassidonie and some simple people imitating the same name do call it Cast me downe ¶ The Temperature French Lauander saith Galen is of temperature compounded of a little cold earthie substance by reason whereof it bindeth it is of force to take away obstructions to extenuate or make thinne to scoure and clense and to strengthen not onely all the entrails but the whole bodie also ¶ The Vertues Dioscorides teacheth that the decoction hereof doth helpe the diseases of the chest and is with good successe mixed with counterpoisons The later Physitions affirme that Stoechas and especially the floures of it are most effectuall against paines of the head and all diseases thereof proceeding of cold causes and therefore they be mixed in all compositions almost which are made against head-ache of long continuance the Apoplexie the falling sicknesse and such like diseases The decoction of the husks and floures drunke openeth the stoppings of the liuer the lungs the milt the mother the bladder and in one word all other inward parts clensing and driuing forth all cuill and corrupthumours and procuring vrine CHAP. 181. Of Flea-wort ¶ The Description 1 PSyllium or the common Flea-wort hath many round and tender branches 〈◊〉 full of long and narrow leaues somewhat hairy The top of the stalkes are garnished with sundrie round chaffie knops beset with small yellow floures which being ripe containe many little shining seeds in proportion colour and bignesse like vnto sleas 2 The second kinde of Psyllium or Flea-wort hath long and tough branches of a wooddy substance like the precedent but longer and harder with leaues resembling the former but much longer and narrower The chaffie tuft which
containeth the seed is like the other but more like the eare of Phalaris which is the eare of Alpisti the Canarie seed which is meate for birds that come from the Islands of Canarie The root hereof lasteth all the Winter and likewise keepeth his greene leaues whereof it tooke this addition of Sempervirens 1 Psyllium siue pulicaris herba Flea-wort 2 Psyllium sempervirens Lobelij Neuer dying Flea-wort ¶ The Place These plants are not growing in our fields of England as they doe in France and Spaine yet I haue them growing in my garden ¶ The Time They floure in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Flea-wort is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pulicaria and Herba Pulicaris in shops Psyllium in English Flea-wort not because it killeth fleas but because the seeds are like fleas of some Flea-bane but vnproperly in Spanish Zargatona in French L'herbe aus pulces in Dutch Duyls vloye-cruyt ¶ The Temperature Galen and Serapio record that the seed of Psyllium which is chiefely vsed in 〈◊〉 is cold in the second degree and temperate in moisture and drinesse ¶ The Vertues The seed of Flea-wort boyled in water or infused and the decoction or infusion drunke purgeth downewards adust and cholericke humors cooleth the heate of the inward parts hot 〈◊〉 burning agues and such like diseases proceeding of heate and quencheth drought and 〈◊〉 The seed stamped and boyled in water to the forme of a plaister and applied taketh away all swellings of the ioynts especially if you boyle the same with vineger and oyle of Roses and apply it as aforesaid The same applied in manner aforesaid vnto any burning heate called S. Anthonies fire or any hot and violent impostume asswageth the same and bringeth it to ripenesse Some hold that the herbe strowed in the chamber where many fleas be will driue them away for which cause it tooke the name Flea-wort but I thinke it is rather because the seed doth resemble a flea so much that it is hard to discerne the one from the other ¶ The Danger Too much Flea-wort seed taken inwardly is very hurtful to mans nature so that I wish you not to follow the minde of Galen and Dioscorides in this point being a medicine rather bringing a maladie than taking away the griefe remembring the old prouerbe A man may buy gold too 〈◊〉 and the hony is too deare that is lickt from thornes ‡ Dioscorides nor Galen mention no vse of this inwardly but on the contrarie 〈◊〉 in his sixth booke which treats wholly of the curing and preuenting of poysons mentions this in the tenth chapter for a poyson and there sets downe the symptomes which it causes and 〈◊〉 you to the foregoing chapter for the remedies ‡ CHAP. 185. Of Gloue Gillofloures 1 Caryophyllus maximus multiplex The great double Carnation 2 Caryophyllus multiplex The double Cloue Gillofloure ¶ The Kindes THere are at this day vnder the name of Caryophyllus comprehended diuers and sundry sorts of plants of such various colours and also seuerall shapes that a great and large volume would not suffice to write of euery one at large in particular considering how insinite they are and 〈◊〉 euery yeare euery clymate and countrey bringeth forth new sorts such as haue not 〈◊〉 bin written of some whereof are called Carnations others Cloue Gillofloures some Sops in wine some Pagiants or Pagion colour Horse-flesh blunket purple white double and single Gillofloures as also a Gillofloure with yellow floures the which a worshipfull Merchant of London Mr. Nicolas 〈◊〉 procured from Poland and gaue me thereof for my garden which before that time was neuer seene nor heard of in these countries Likewise there be sundry sorts of Pinkes comprehended vnder the same title which shall be described in a seuerall chapter There be vnder the name of Gillofloures also those floures which wee call Sweet-Iohns and Sweet-Williams And first of the great Carnation and Cloue Gillefloure ‡ There are very many kindes both of Gillofloures Pinkes and the like which differ very little in their roots leaues seeds or manner of growing though much in the colour shape and magnitude of their floures wherof some are of one colour other some of more and of them some are striped others spotted c. Now I holding it a thing not so fit for me to insist vpon these accidentall differences of plants hauing specifique differences enough to treat of refer such as are addicted to these commendable and harmelesse delights to suruey the late and ost mentioned Worke of my friend Mr. Iohn Parkinson who hath accurately and plentifully treated of these varieties and if they require further satisfaction let them at the time of the yeare repaire to the garden of Mistresse Tuggy the wife of my late deceased friend Mr. Ralph Tuggy in Westminster which in the excellencie and varietie of these delights exceedeth all that I haue seene as also 〈◊〉 himselfe whilest he liued exceeded most if not all of his time in his care industry and skill in raising encreasing and preseruing of these plants and some others whose losse therefore is the more to be lamented by all those that are louers of plants I will onely giue you the figures of some three or foure more whereof one is of the single one which therefore some 〈◊〉 a Pinke though in mine opinion vnfitly for that it is produced by the seed of most of the double ones and is of different colour and shape as they are varying from them onely in the singlenesse of the floures ‡ ‡ Caryophyllus maior minor rubro albo variegati The white Carnation and Pageant ‡ Caryophyllus purpureus profunde laciniatus The blew or deep purple Gillofloure ¶ The Description 1 THe great Carnation Gillow-floure hath a thicke round wooddy root from which riseth vp many strong ioynted stalkes set with long greene leaues by couples on the top of the stalkes do grow very faire floures of an excellent sweet smell and pleasant Carnation colour whereof it tooke his name 2 The Cloue Gillofloure differeth not from the Carnation but in greatnesse as well of the floures as leaues The floure is exceeding well knowne as also the Pinks and other Gillofloures wherefore I will not stand long vpon the description ¶ Caryophyllus simplex maior The single Gillofloure or Pinke ¶ The Place These Gillofloures especially the Carnations are kept in pots from the extremity of our cold Winters The Cloue Gillofloure endureth better the cold and therefore is planted in gardens ¶ The Time They flourish and floure most part of the Sommer ¶ The Names The Cloue Gillofloure is called of the later Herbarists 〈◊〉 flos of the smell of cloues wherewith it is possessed in Italian Garofoli in Spanish Clauel in French Oeilletz in low-Dutch Ginoffelbloemen in Latine of most Ocellus Damascenus Ocellus Barbaricus and Barbarica in English Carnations and Cloue Gillofloures Of some it is called Vetonica and Herba Tunica The which 〈◊〉 Gordonius hath set downe for
it helpeth those that vomite 〈◊〉 and the Whites in such ashaue them Boiled with wine and honie it cureth the wounds of the inward parts and vlcers of the lungs in a word there is not a better wound herbe no not Tabaco it selfe nor any other what soeuer The herbe boiled in wine with a little honie or meade preuaileth much against the cough in children called the Chinne cough CHAP. 200. Of Bugle or Middle Comfrey ¶ The Description 1 BVgula spreadeth and creepeth alongst the ground like Monie woort the leaues be long fat oleous and of a brown colour for the most part The floures grow about the stalks in rundles compassing the stalke leauing betweene euery rundle bare or naked spaces and are of a faire blew colour and often white I found many plants of it in a moist ground vpon Blacke Heath neere London fast by a village called Charleton but the leaues were green and not browne at all like the other 1 Bugula Middle Consound 2 Bugula flore 〈◊〉 siue carneo White or carnation floured Bugle 2 Bugle with the white floure disfereth not from the precedent in roots leaues and stalks the onely difference is that this plant bringeth forth faire milk white floures and the other those that are blew ‡ It is also sound with a flesh coloured floure and the leaues are lesse snipt than those of the former Bauhine makes mention of one much lesse than those with round suipt leaues and a yellow floure which he saith he had out of England but I haue not as yet seene it nor found any other mention thereof ‡ ¶ The Place Bugula groweth almost in euery wood and copse and such like 〈◊〉 and moist places and is much planted in gardens the other varieties are seldome to be met withall ¶ The Time Bugula floureth in Aprill and May. ¶ The Names Bugle is reckoned among the Consounds or wound herbes and it is called of some Consolida media Bugula and Buglum in High Dutch Guntzel in Low Dutch Senegroen of 〈◊〉 Herba Laurentina in English Browne Bugle of some Sicklewoort and herbe Carpenter but not truly ¶ The Nature Bugle is of a meane temperature betweene heat and drinesse ¶ The Vertues It is commended against inward burstings and members torne rent and bruised and therefore it is put into potions that serue for nodes in which it is of such vertue that it can dissolue waste away congealed and elotted bloud Ruellius writeth that they commonly say in France how he needeth neither Physition nor Surgeon that hath Bugle and Sanickle for it doth not only cure rotten wounds being inwardly taken but also applied to them outwardly it is good for the infirmities of the Liuer it taketh away the obstructions and strengthneth it The decoction of Bugle drunken dissolueth clotted or congealed bloud within the bodie healeth and maketh sound all wounds of the bodie both inward and outward The same openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and gall and is good against the iaundise and feuers of long continuance The same decoction cureth the rotten vlcers and sores of the mouth and gums Bugula is excellent in curing wounds and scratches and the iuice cureth the wounds vlcers and sores of the secret parts or the herbe bruised and laid thereon CHAP. 201 Of Selfe-heale 1 Prunella Selfe-heale 2 Prunella 〈◊〉 The second Selfe-heale 3 Prunella flore albo White floured Selfe 〈◊〉 ¶ The 〈◊〉 1 PRunell or Brunel hath square hairy stalks of a foot high beset with long hairy and sharpe pointed leaues at the top of the stalks grow floures thicke set together like an 〈◊〉 or spiky knap of a browne colour mixed with blew floures and sometimes white of which kinde I found some plants in Essex 〈◊〉 Henningham castle The root is small and very threddie †2 Prunella altera or after Lobel and Pena Symphytum 〈◊〉 hath leaues like the last described but somewhat narrower and the leaues that grow commonly towards the tops of the stalks are deeply diuided or cut in after the manner of the leaues of the small Valerian and sometimes the lower leaues are also diuided but that is more seldom the heads and floures are like those of the former and the colour of the floures is commonly purple yet somtimes it is found with flesh coloured and otherwhiles with white or ashe coloured floures 3 The third sort of Selfe-heale is like vnto the last described in root stalke leaues in euery other point sauing that the floures hereof are of a perfect white colour and the others not so which maketh the difference ‡ The figure which our Authour gaue in this third place was of the Prunella secunda of Tabern which I iudge to be all one with the Prunella 1. non vulgaris of Clusius and that because the floures in that of Tabernamontanus are expressed Ventre laxiore which Clusius complaines his drawer did not obserue the other parts also agree now this of Clusius hath much larger floures than the ordinary and those commonly of a deeper purple colour yet they are sometimes 〈◊〉 and otherwhiles of an ashe colour the leaues also are somewhat more hairie long and sharpe pointed than the ordinary and herein consists the greatest difference ‡ ¶ The Place The first kinde of Prunell or Brunell groweth verie commonly in all our fieldes throughout England The second Brunel or Symphytum petraeum groweth naturally vpon rocks 〈◊〉 mountaines and grauelly grounds ‡ The third for any thing that I know is a stranger with vs but the 〈◊〉 common kinde I haue found with white floures ‡ ¶ The Time These plants floure for the most part all Sommer long ¶ The Names Brunel is called in English Prunell Carpenters herbe Selfe-heale and Hooke 〈◊〉 and Sicklewoort It is called of the later Herbarists Brunella and Prunella of Matthiolus Consolida minor and Solidago minor but saith Ruellius the Daisie is the right Consolida minor and also the Solidago minor ¶ The Nature These herbes are of the temperature of Bugula that is to say moderately hot and drie and something binding ¶ The Vertues The decoction of Prunell made with wine or water doth ioine together and make whole and sound all wounds both inward and outward euen as Bugle doth Prunell bruised with oile of Roses and Vineger and laied to the forepart of the head swageth and helpeth the paine and aking thereof To bee short it serueth for the same that Bugle doth and in the world there are not two better wound herbs as hath been often proued It is commended against the infirmities of the mouth and especially the ruggednesse blackenesse and drinesse of the tongue with a kinde of swelling in the same It is an infirmitie amongst souldiers that lie in campe The Germans call it de Braun which happeneth not without a continuall ague and frensie The remedie hereof is the decoction of Selfe-heale with common water after bloud letting out of the veins of the tongue and the
as in the Veronica's The root is knotty and fibrous and growes so fast amongst the rockes that it cannot easily be got out It floureth in Iuly 〈◊〉 describes this by the name of Teucrium 6. Pumilum and Pona sets it forth by the name of Veronica petraea semper virens ‡ 5 This Spanish Germander riseth vp oft times to the height of a man in manner of a hedge bush with one stiffe stalke of the bignesse of a mans little finger couered ouer with a whitish bark diuided sometimes into other branches which are alwayes placed by couples one right against another of an ouerworne hoarie colour and vpon them are placed leaues not much vnlike the common Germander the vpper parts whereof are of a grayish hoarie colour and the lower of a deepe greene of a bitter taste and somewhat crooked turning and winding themselues after the manner of a welt The floures come forth from the bosome of the leaues standing vpon small tender foot-stalkes of a white colour without any helmet or hood on their tops hauing in the middle many threddy strings The whole plant keepeth greene all the Winter long 6 Among the rest of the Tree Germanders this is not of least beauty and account hauing many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground of a darke reddish colour hard and wood die at the bottome of which stalks come forth many long broad iagged leaues not vnlike the 〈◊〉 hoary vnderneath and greene aboue of a binding and drying taste The floures grow at the top of the stalkes not vnlike to those of Cistus foemina or Sage-rose and are white of colour consisting of eight or nine leaues in the middle whereof do grow many threddy chiues without smell or sauour which being past there succeedeth a tuft of rough threddy or flocky matter not vnlike to those of the great Auens or Pulsatill the root is wooddy and set with some few hairie strings fastned to the same ¶ The Place These plants do ioy in stony and rough mountaines and dry places and such as lie open to the Sunne and aire and prosper well in gardens and of the second sort I haue receiued one plant for my garden of Mr. Garret Apothecarie ¶ The Time They floure flourish and seed when the other Germanders do ¶ The Names Tree Germander is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 retaining the name of the former Chamaedrys and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to the authoritie of Dioscorides and Pliny in Latine 〈◊〉 in English Great Germander vpright Germander and Tree Germander ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Their temperature and faculties are referred vnto the garden Germander but they are not of such force and working wherefore they be not much vsed in physicke CHAP. 214. Of Water Germander or Garlicke Germander ¶ The Description 1 SCordium or water Germander hath square hairie stalkes creeping by the ground beset with soft whitish crumpled leaues nickt and snipt round about the edges like a Saw among which grow small purple floures like the floures of dead Nettle The root is small and threddy creeping in the ground very deepely The whole plant being bruised smelleth like Garlicke whereof it tooke that name Scordium ‡ This by reason of goodnesse of soile varieth in the largenesse thereof whence Tabernamont anus and our Author made a bigger and a lesser thereof but I haue omitted the later as superfluous ‡ ¶ The Place Water Germander groweth neere to Oxenford by Ruley on both sides of the water and in a medow by Abington called Nietford by the relation of a learned Gentleman of S. 〈◊〉 in the said towne of Oxenford a diligent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 my very good friend called Mr. Richard Slater Also it groweth in great plenty in the Isle of Elie and in a medow by Harwood in Lancashire and diuers other places 1 Scordium Water Germander ¶ The Time The floures appeare in Iune and Iuly it is best to gather the herbe in August it perisheth not in Winter but onely loseth the stalkes which come vp againe in Sommer the root remaineth fresh all the yeare ¶ The Names The Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines do keepe that name 〈◊〉 the Apothecaries haue no other name It is called of some Trixago Palustris Quercula and also Mithridatium of Mithridates the finder of it out It tooke the name Scordium from the smel of Garlicke which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the rancknesse of the smell in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 battenig in French Scordion in Italian Chalamandrina palustre in English Scordium Water Germander and Garlicke Germander ¶ The Temperature Water Germander is hot and dry it hath a certaine bitter taste harsh and sharpe as Galen witnesseth ¶ The Vertues Water Germander cleanseth the intrals and likewise old vlcers being mixed with honey according to art it prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the monethly sickenesse it draweth out of the chest thicke flegme and rotten matter it is good for an old cough paine in the sides which commeth of stopping and cold and for burstings and inward ruptures The decoction made in wine and drunke is good against the bitings of Serpents and deadly poysons and is vsed in antidotes or counterpoysons with good successe It is reported to mitigate the paine of the gout being stamped and applied with a little vineger and water Some affirme that raw flesh being laid among the leaues of Scordium may be preserued a long time from corruption Being drunke with wine it openeth the stoppings of the liuer the milt kidnies bladder and matrix prouoketh vrine helpeth the strangurie that is when a man cannot pisse but by drops and is a most singular cordiall to comfort and make merry the heart The pouder of Scordion taken in the quantitie of two drams in meade or honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flix and comforteth the stomacke Of this Scordium is made a most singular medicine called Diascordium which serueth very notably for all the purposes aforesaid The same medicine made with Scordium is giuen with very good successe vnto children and aged people that haue the small pockes measles or the Purples or any other pestilent sicknesse whatsoeuer euen the plague it selfe giuen before the sicknes haue vniuersally possessed the whole body CHAP. 215. Of Wood Sage or Garlicke Sage ¶ The Description THat which is called Wilde Sage hath stalkes foure square somewhat hairie about which are leaues like those of Sage but shorter broader and softer the floures grow vp all vpon one side of the stalke open and forked as those of dead Nettle but lesser of a pale white colour then grow the seeds foure together in one huske the root is full of strings It is a plant that liueth but a yeare it smelleth of garlicke when it is bruised being a kinde of Garlicke Germander as appeareth by the smell of garlicke wherewith it is possessed Scorodonia siue Saluia agrestis Wood Sage or
after some copies hot and dry in the third ¶ The 〈◊〉 Sweete Marjerome is a remedy against cold diseases of the braine and head being taken any way to your best liking put vp into the nosthrils it prouoketh sneesing and draweth forth much baggage 〈◊〉 it easeth the tooth-ache being chewed in the mouth being drunke it prouoketh vrine and draweth away waterish humors and is vsed in medicines against poison The leaues boiled in water and the decoction drunke helpeth them that are entering into the dropsie it easeth them that are troubled with difficultie of making water and such as are giuen to ouermuch sighing and easeth the paines of the belly The leaues dried and mingled with hony and giuen dissolueth congealed or clotted blood and putteth away blacke and blew markes after stripes and bruses being applied thereto The leaues are excellent good to be put into all odoriferous ointments waters pouders broths and meates The dried leaues poudered and finely searched are good to be put into Cerotes or Cere-cloths and ointments profitable against colde swellings and members out of joint There is an excellent oile to be drawne forth of these herbes good against the shrinking of sinewes crampes convulsions and all aches proceeding of a colde cause CHAP. 218. Of wilde Marjerome ¶ The Description 1 BAstard Marjerome groweth straight vp with little round stalkes of a reddish colour full of branches a foot high and sometimes higher The leaues be broad more long than round of a whitish greene colour on the top of the branches stand long spikie scaled eares out of which shoot forth little white floures like the flouring of wheate The whole plant is of a sweete smell and sharpe biting taste 2 The white Organy or bastard Marjerome with white floures differing little from the precedent but in colour and stature This plant hath whiter and broader leaues and also much higher wherein consisteth the difference 3 Bastard Marjerome of Candy hath many threddy roots from which rise vp diuers weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground set with faire greene leaues not vnlike those of Penny Royall but broader and shorter at the top of those branches stand scalie or chaffie eares of a purple colour The whole plant is of a most pleasant sweet smell The root endured in my garden 1 Origanum 〈◊〉 Bastard Marjerome 2 Origanum album Tabern White bastard Marjerome 3 Origanum Creticum Wilde Marjerome of Candy 4 Origanum Anglicum English wilde Marjerome 4 English wilde Marjerome is exceedingly well knowne to all to haue long stiffe and hard stalkes of two cubits high set with leaues like those of sweet Marjerome but broader and greater of a russet greene colour on the top of the branches stand tufts of purple floures composed of many small ones set together very closely vmbell fashion The root creepeth in the ground and is long lasting ¶ The Place These plants do grow wilde in the kingdome of Spaine Italy and other of those hot regions The last of the foure doth grow wilde in the borders of fields and low copses in most places of England ¶ The Time They floure and flourish in the Sommer moneths afterward the seed is perfected ¶ The Names Bastard Marjerome is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that which is surnamed Heracleoticum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of diuers it is called Cunila in shops Origanum Hispanicum Spanish Organy our Euglish wilde Marjerome is called in Greeke of Dioscoridcs 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 Onitis of some Agrioriganum or 〈◊〉 Origanum in Italian Origano in Spanish Oregano in French Mariolaine bastarde in English 〈◊〉 bastard Marjerome and that of ours wilde Marjerome and groue Marjerome ¶ The Temperature All the Organies do cut attenuate or make thin dry and heate and that in the third degree and Galen teacheth that wilde Marjerome is more forceable and of greater strength notwithstanding Organy of Candy which is brought dry out of Spaine whereof I haue a plant in my garden is more biting than any of the rest and of greatest heate ¶ The Vertues Organy giuen in wine is a remedy against the bitings and stingings of venomous beasts and cureth them that haue drunke Opium or the juice of blacke poppy or hemlockes especially if it be giuen with wine and raisons of the sunne The decoction of Organy prouoketh vrine bringeth downe the monethly course and is giuen with good successe to those that haue the dropsie It is profitably vsed in a looch or a medicine to be licked against an old cough and the stuffing of the lungs It healeth scabs itches and scuruinesse being vsed in bathes and it taketh away the bad colour which commeth of the yellow jaundice The weight of a dram taken with meade or 〈◊〉 water draweth forth by stoole blacke and filthy humors as Dioscorides and Pliny write The juice mixed with a little milke being poured into the 〈◊〉 mitigateth the paines thereof The same mixed with the oile of Ireos or the rootes of the white Florentine floure de luce and drawne vp into the nosthrils draweth downe water and flegme the herbe strowed vpon the ground driueth away serpents The decoction looseth the belly and voideth choler and drunke with vineger helpeth the infirmities of the splcene and drunke in wine helpeth against all mortall poisons and for that cause it is put into mithridate and treacles prepared for that purpose These plants are easie to be taken in potions and therefore to good purpose they may be vsed and ministred vnto such as cannot brooke their meate and to such as haue a sowre and sqamish and watery stomacke as also against the swouning of the heart CHAP. 219. Of Goates Marjerome or Organy ¶ The Description 1 THe stalkes of Goates Organy are slender hard and wooddy of a blackish colour whereon are set long leaues greater than those of the wilde Time sweete of smell rough and somewhat hairy The floures be small and grow out of little crownes or wharles round about the top of the stalkes tending to a purple colour The root is small and threddy 1 Tragoriganum Dod. Goats Marierome Tragoriganum Lob. Goats Marierome 2 Tragoriganum Clusij Clusius his Goats Marierome ‡ 3 Tragoriganum Cretense Candy Goats Marierome 2 Carolus Clusius hath set forth in his Spanish Obseruations another sort of Goats Marierome growing vp like a small shrub the leaues are longer and more hoarie than wilde Marierome and also narrower of a hot biting taste but of a sweet smell 〈◊〉 not very pleasant The floures do stand at the top of the stalkes in spokie rundles of a white colour The root is thicke and wooddy ‡ 3 This differs little in forme and magnitude 〈◊〉 the last described but the branches are of a blacker colour with rougher and darker coloured leaues the floures also are lesser and of a purple colour Both this and the last described continue alwaies greene but this last is of a much more fragrant smell
plant bringeth forth floures of the same fashion but of a snow white colour wherein consisteth the difference ‡ Our Authour out of 〈◊〉 us gaue three figures with as many descriptions of this plant yet made it onely to vary in the colour of the floures being either purple white or red but he did not touch the difference which Tabernamontanus by his figures exprest which was the first had all the leaues whole being only snipt about the edges the lower leaues of the second were most of them whole and those vpon the stalkes deepely cut in or diuided and the third had the leaues both below and aboue all cut in or deepely diuided The figure which we here giue you expresses the first and third varieties and if you please the one may be with white and the other with red or purple floures ‡ ¶ The Place Sawe-woort groweth in woods and shadowie places and sometimes in medowes They grow in Hampsted wood likewise I haue seene it growing in great abundance in the wood adjoining to Islington within halfe a mile from the further end of the towne and in sundry places of Essex and Suffolke ¶ The Time They floure in Iuly and August ¶ The Names The later age doe call them Serratula and Serratula tinctoria it differeth as we haue said from Betony which is also called Serratula other names if it haue any we know not it is called in English Sawewoort ‡ Coesalpinus calls it Cerretta and Serretta and Thalius 〈◊〉 or Centaurium maius sylvestre Germanicum ‡ ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Serratula is wonderfully commended to be most singular for wounds ruptures burstings and such like and is referred vnto the temperature of Sanicle CHAP. 243. Of Betony ¶ The Description 1 BEtony groweth vp with long leaues and broad of a darke greene colour slightly indented about the edges like a saw The stalke is flender foure square somewhat rough a foote high more or lesse It beareth eared floures of a purplish colour and 〈◊〉 reddish after the floures commeth in place long cornered seed The root consisteth of many strings 1 Betonica Betony 2 Betony with white floures is like the precedent in each respect sauing that the flours of this plant are white and of greater beautie and the others purple or red as aforesaid ¶ The Place Betony loues shadowie woods hedge-rowes and copses the borders of pastures and such like places Betony with white floures is seldome seene I found it in a wood by a village called Hampstead neere vnto a worshipfull Gentlemans house one of the Clerkes of the Queenes counsell called Mr. Wade from whence I brought plants for my garden where they flourish as in their naturall place of growing ¶ The Time They floure and flourish for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Betony is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Betonica of diuers Vetonica but vnproperly There is likewise another Betonica which Paulus Aegineta described and Galen in his first booke of the gouernment of health sheweth that it is called 〈◊〉 that is to say Betonica Betonie and also Sarxiphagon Dioscorides notwithstanding doth describe another Sarxiphagon ¶ The Temperature Betony is hot and dry in the second degree it hath force to cut as Galen saith ¶ The Vertues Betony is good for them that be subject to the falling sickenesse and for those also that haue ill heads vpon a cold cause It clenseth the lungs and chest it taketh away obstructions or stoppings of the liuer milt and gall it is good against the yellow jaundise It maketh a man to haue a good stomack and appetite to his meate it preuaileth against sower belchings it maketh a man to pisse well it mitigateth paine in the kidnies and bladder it breaketh stones in the kidnies and driueth them forth It is also good for ruptures cramps and convulsions it is a remedie against the bitings of mad dogs and venomous serpents being drunke and also applied to the hurts and is most singular against poyson It is commended against the paine of the Sciatica or ache of the huckle bone There is a Conserue made of the floures and sugar good for many things and especially for the head-ache A dram weight of the root of Betonie dried and taken with meade or honied water procureth vomit and bringeth forth grosse and tough humors as diuers of our age do report The pouder of the dried leaues drunke in wine is good for them that spit or pisse bloud and cureth all inward wounds especially the greene leaues boyled in wine and giuen The pouder taken with meate looseth the belly very gently and helpeth them that haue the falling sicknesse with madnesse and head-ache It is singular against all paines of the head it killeth wormes in the belly helpeth the Ague it cleanseth the mother and hath great vertue to heale the body being hurt within by bruising or such like CHAP. 244. Of Water-Betony ¶ The Description WAter Betony hath great square hollow and brown stalks whereon are set very broad leaues notched about the edges like vnto those of Nettles of a swart greene colour growing for the most part by two and two as it were from one ioynt opposite or standing one right against an other The floures grow at the top of the branches of a darke purple colour in shape like to little helmets The seed is small contained in round bullets or buttons The root is compact of many and infinite strings Betonica aquatica Water Betony ¶ The Place It groweth by brookes and running waters by ditch sides and by the brinks of riuers and is seldome found in dry places ¶ The Time It floureth in Iuly and August and from that time the seed waxeth ripe ¶ The Names Water Betonie is called in Latine Betonica aquatica some haue thought it Dioscorides his Clymenum others his Galeopsis it is Scrophularia altera of Dodonoeus of Turner Clymenon of some Sesamoides minus but not properly of others Serpentaria in Dutch S. Antonies cruyd in English Water Betonie and by some Browne-wort in Yorke-shire Bishops leaues ¶ The Temperature Water Betony is hot and dry ¶ The Vertues The leaues of Water Betony are of a scouring or cleansing qualitie and is very good to mundifie foule and stinking vlcers especially the iuyce boyled with honey It is reported if the face be washed with the iuyce thereof it taketh away the rednesse and deformitie of it CHAP. 245. Of Great Figge-wort or Brownewort ¶ The Description 1 THe great Fig-wort springeth vp with stalkes foure square two cubits high of a darke purple colour and hollow within the leaues grow alwayes by couples as it were from one ioynt opposite or standing one right against another broad sharpe pointed snipped round about the edges like the leaues of the greater Nettle but bigger blacker and nothing at all stinging when they be touched the floures in the tops of the 〈◊〉 are of a darke purple colour very like in forme to little
and slackenesse of the sinewes which is the palsie The decoction of the roots is thought to be profitably 〈◊〉 against the stone in the kidneyes and bladder and the iuyce of the leaues for members that are loose and out of ioynt or inward parts that are hurt rent or broken A dramme and a halfe of the pouder of the dried roots of field Primrose gathered in Autumne giuen to drinke in Ale or Wine purgeth by vomit very forcibly but safely waterish humours choler and flegme in such manner as Azarum doth experimented by a learned and skilfull Apothecarie of Colchester Mr. Thomas Buckstone a man singular in the knowledge of Simples A conserue made with the floures of Cowslips and sugar preuaileth wonderfully against the palsie convulsions cramps and all the diseases of the sinewes Cowslips or Paigles do greatly restraine or stop the belly in the time of a great laske or bloudy flix if the decoction thereof be drunke warme A practitioner in London who was famous for curing the frensie after that hee had performed his cure by the due obseruation of physicke accustomed euery yeare in the moneth of May to diet his patients after this manner Take the leaues and floures of Primrose boyle them a little in fountaine water and in some Rose and Betony waters adding thereto sugar pepper salt and butter which being strained he gaue them to drinke thereof first and last The roots of Primrose stamped and strained and the iuyce sniffed into the nose with a quill or such like purgeth the braine and qualifieth the paine of the megrim An 〈◊〉 made with the iuyce of Cowslips and oyle of Linseed cureth all scaldings or burnings with fire water or otherwise The floures of Primroses sodden in vineger and applied do heale the Kings Euill as also the almonds of the throat and uvula if you gargarise the part with the decoction thereof The leaues and floures of Primroses boyled in wine and drunke is good against all diseases of the brest and lungs and draweth forth of the flesh any thorne or splinter or bone fixed therein CHAP. 274. Of Birds-eine 1 Primulaveris flore rubro Red Bird-eyne 2 Primula veris flore albo White Bird-eyne ¶ The Description 1 SOme Herbarists call this plant by the name of Sanicula angustifolia making thereof two kinds and distinguishing them by these termes maior minor siue media others cal them Paralytica alpina which without controuersie are kindes of Cowslips agreeing with them as well in shape as in their nature and vertues hauing leaues much like vnto Cowslips but smaller growing flat vpon the ground of a faint greenish colour on the vpper side vnderneath of a white or 〈◊〉 colour among which rise vp small and tender stalkes of a foot high hauing at the top of euery stalke a bush 〈◊〉 small floures in shape like the common Oxlip sauing that they are of a faire stammell colour tending to purple in the middle of euery small floure appeareth a little yellow spot resembling the eye of a bird which hath moued the people of the North parts where it aboundeth to call it Birds eyne The seed is small like dust and the root white and threddy 2 The second is like the first sauing that the whole plant is greater in each respect and that the floures are of a whitish colour ¶ The Place These plants grow very plentifully in moist and squally grounds in the North parts of England as in Harwood neere to Blackburne in Lancashire and ten miles from Preston in Aundernesse also at Crosby Rauenswaith and Crag-Close in Westmerland They likewise grow in the medowes belonging to a village in Lancashire neere Maudsley called Harwood and at Hesketh not far from thence and in many other places of Lancashire but not on this side Trent that I could euer haue any certaine knowledge of Lobel reporteth That doctor Penny a famous Physition of our London Colledge did finde them in these Southerne parts ¶ The Time They floure and flourish from Aprill to the end of May. ¶ The Names The first is called Primrose with the red floure the second Primrose with the white floure and Birds eyne ¶ The Nature and Vertues The nature and vertues of these red and white Primroses must be sought out amongst those aboue named CHAP 275. Of Beares eares or Mountaine Cowslips 1 Auricula vrsiflore luteo Yellow Beares-eare 2 Auricula vrsiflore purpurco Purple Beares-eare ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of Mountaine Cowslips or Beares-eares differing especially in the colour of their floures as shall be declared notwithstanding it may appeare to the curious that there is great difference in the roots also considering some of them haue knobby roots and others threddy notwithstanding there is no difference in the roots at all ‡ There are diuers 〈◊〉 of these 〈◊〉 and the chiefe differences arise either from the leaues or floures from their leaues which are either smooth and greene or else gray and hoary againe they are smooth about the edges or snipt more or lesse The floures some are fairer then othersome and their colours are so various that it is hard to finde words to expresse them but they may be refer'd to whites reds yellowes and purples for of all the varieties and mixtures of these they chiefely consist The gardens of Mr. Tradescant and Mr. 〈◊〉 are at this present furnished with very great varieties of these floures ‡ 3 Auricula Vrsi ij Clusij Red Beares eare 4 Auricula Vrsi iiij Clusij Scarlet Beares eare ¶ The Description 1 AVricula Vrsi was called of Matthiolus Pena and other Herbarists Sanicula Alpina by reason of his singular facultie in healing of wounds both inward and outward They do all call it Paralityca because of his vertues in curing the palsies cramps and convulsions and is numbred among the kindes of Cowslips whereof no doubt they are kinds as others are which do hereafter follow vnder the same title although there be some difference in the colour of the floures This beautifull and braue plant hath thicke greene and fat leaues somewhat finely snipt about the edges not altogether vnlike those of Cowslips but smoother greener and nothing rough or crumpled among which riseth vp a slender round stem a handfull high bearing a tuft of floures at the top of a faire yellow colour not much vnlike to the floures of Oxe-lips but more open and consisting of one only leafe like Cotiledon the root is very threddy and like vnto the Oxe-lip 2 The leaues of this kinde which beareth the purple floures are not so much sinipt about the edges these said purple floures haue also some yellownesse in the middle but the floures are not so much laid open as the former otherwise in all respects they are like 3 Carolus Clusius setteth forth in the booke of his Pannonicke trauels two kindes more which he hath found in his trauell ouer the Alpes and other mountaines of Germanie and Heluetia being the third in
rise vp diuers branches charged with the like leaues the floures grow at the toppes of the branches of a most shining yellow colour the root is also like the former 3 The great Marsh Marigold with double floures is a stranger in England his natiue Countrey should seeme to be in the furthest part of Germanie by the relation of a man of those Countries that I haue had conference withall the which hee thus described it hath saith hee leaues roots and stalkes like those of our common sort and hath double floures like those of the garden Marigold wherein consisteth the difference 3 Calthapalustris multiplex Double floured Marsh Marigold The Place They ioy in moist and marish grounds and in watery medowes ‡ I haue not sound the double one wilde but seene it preserued in diuers gardens for the beautie of the floure ‡ ¶ The Time They floure in the Spring when the Crowfoots doe and oftentimes in Sommer the leaues keepe their greenenesse all the Winter long ¶ The Names Marsh Marigold is called of Valerius Cordus Caltha palustris of Tabernamontanus Populago but not properly in English Marsh Marigolds in Cheshire and those parts it is called Bootes ¶ The Temperature and 〈◊〉 Touching the faculties of these plants wee haue nothing to say either out of other mens writings or our owne experiences CHAP. 295. Of Frogge-bit Morsus Rana Frogge-bit ¶ The Description THere floteth or swimmeth vpon the vpper parts of the water a small plant which wee vsually call Frog-bit hauing little round leaues thicke and full of iuice very like to the leaues of wall Peniwoort the floures grow vpon long stems among the leaues of a white colour with a certaine yellow thrum in the middle consisting of three leaues in stead of roots it hath slender strings which grow out of a short and small head as it were from whence the leaues spring in the bottom of the water from which head also come forth slopewise certaine strings by which growing forth it multiplieth it selfe ¶ The Place It is found swimming or floting almost in euery ditch pond poole or standing water in all the ditches about Saint George his fields and in the ditches by the Thames side neere to Lambeth Marsh where any that is disposed may see it ¶ The Time It flourisheth and floureth most part of all the yeare ¶ The Names It is called of some Ranae morsus and Morsus Ranae and Nymphaeaparua ¶ The Temperature and Vertues It is thought to be a kinde of Pond-weed or rather of Water Lillie and to haue the same faculties that belong vnto it CHAP. 296. Of Water Lillie ¶ The Description 1 THe white water Lillie or Nenuphar hath great round leaues in shape of a Buckler thick fat and full of iuice standing vpon long round and smooth foot-stalkes ful of a spungious substance which leaues do swim or flote vpon the top of the water vpon the end of each stalk groweth one floure onely of colour white consisting of many little long sharpe pointed leaues in the middest whereof bee many yellow threds after the floure it bringeth forth a round head in which lieth blackish glittering seed The roots be thicke full of knots blacke without white and spungie within out of which groweth a multitude of strings by which it is fastened in the 〈◊〉 1 Nymphaea alba White Water Lillie 2 Nymphaealutea Yellow Water Lillie 2 The leaues of the yellow water Lillie be like to the other yet are they a little longer The stalkes of the floures and leaues be like the floures be yellow consisting onely of fiue little short leaues something round in the midst of which groweth a small round head or button sharpe towards the point compassed about with many yellow threds in which when it is ripe lie also glittering seeds greater than those of the other and lesser than wheat cornes The roots be thick long set with certaine dents as it were white both within and without of a spungious substance 3 The smal white water Lillie floreth likewise vpon the water hauing a single root with some few fibres fastened thereto from which riseth vp many long round smooth and soft foot-stalkes some of which doe bring forth at the end faire broad round buckler leaues like vnto the precedent but lesser on the other foot-stalkes stand prettie white floures consisting of fiue small leaues apeece hauing a little yellow in the middle thereof 3 Nymphaea alba minor The small white Water Lillie 5 Nymphaea lutea minima Dwarfe Water Lillie 4 The small yellow water Lillie hath a little threddie root creeping in the bottome of the water and dispersing it selfe far abroad from which rise small tender stalkes smooth and soft whereon do grow little buckler leaues like the last described likewise on the other small stalke standeth a tuft of many floures likewise floting vpon the water as the others do ‡ This hath the floures larger than those of the next described wherefore it may be fitly named Nymphaea lutea minor flore amplo ‡ 5 This dwarfe water Lillie differeth not from the other small yellow water Lillie sauing that that this kinde hath sharper pointed leaues and the whole plant is altogether lesser wherein lieth the difference ‡ This hath the floures much lesse than those of the last described wherefore it is fitly for distinction sake named Nymphaea 〈◊〉 minor flore paruo ‡ ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in fennes standing waters broad ditches and in brookes that run slowly and sometimes in great riuers ¶ The Time They floure and flourish most of the Sommer moneths ¶ The Names Water Lillie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine also Nymphaea so named because it loues to grow in waterie places as Dioscorides saith the Apothecaries call it Nenuphar of Apuleius Mater Herculania Alga palustris Papauer palustre Clavus veneris and Digitus veneris Marcellus a very old writer reporteth that it is called in Latine Claua Herculis in French Badittin in high Dutch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in low Dutch 〈◊〉 in English Water Lillie water Rose ¶ The Temperature Both the root and seed of water Lillie haue a drying force without biting ¶ The Vertues Water Lillie with yellow floures stoppeth laskes the ouerflowing of seed which commeth away by dreames or otherwise and is good for them that haue the bloudie flix But water Lillie which hath the white floures is of greater force insomuch as it staieth the whites but both this and the other that hath the black root must be drunke in red wine they haue also a scouring quality therfore they both clense away the morphew and be also good against the pilling away of the haire of the head against the morphew they are steeped in water and sor the pilling away of the haire in Tarre but for these things that is sitter which hath the black root and for the other that which hath the white root Theoprastus saith that being stamped and laid vpon
Dragons ¶ The Names Friers hood is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arisarum but Pliny calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Aris for in his twenty fourth booke cap. 16. he saith That Aris which groweth in Egypt is like Aron or Cuckowpint it may be called in English after the Latine name Arisarum but in my opinion it may be more fitly called Friers hood or Friers cowle to which the floures seeme to be like whereupon the Spaniards name it Frailillos as Daleschampius noteth ¶ The 〈◊〉 Friers-Cowle is like in power and facultie to the Cuckow-pint yet is it more biting as Galen saith ¶ The Vertues There is no great vse of these plants in physicke but it is reported that they stay running or eating sores or vlcers and likewise that there is made of the roots certaine compositions called in Greeke Collyria good against fistula's and being put into the secret part of any liuing thing it rotteth the same as Dioscorides writeth CHAP. 306. Of Astrabacca 1 Asarum Asarabacca 2 Asarina Matthioli Italian Asarabacca ¶ The Description 1 THe leaues of Asarabacca are smooth of a deepe greene colour rounder broader and tenderer than those of Iuy and not cornered at all not vnlike to those of Sow-bread the floures lie close to the roots hid vnder the leaues standing vpon slender foot-stalkes of an ill fauoured purple colour like to the floures and husks of Henbane but lesse wherein are contained small seeds cornered and somewhat rough the roots are many small and slender growing aslope vnder the vpper crust of the earth one folded within another of an vnpleasant taste but of a most sweet and pleasing smell hauing withall a kinde of biting qualitie 2 This strange kinde of Asarabacca which Matthiolus hath set forth creeping on the ground in manner of our common Astrabacca hath leaues somwhat rounder and rougher sleightly indented about the edges and set vpon long slender foot-stalkes the floures grow hard vnto the ground like vnto those of Cammomill but much lesser of a mealy or dusty colour and not without smel The roots are long and slender creeping vnder the vpper crust of the earth of a sharpe taste and bitter withall ‡ This Asarina of Matthiolus Clusius whose opinion I here follow hath iudged to be the Tussilago Alpina 2. of his description wherefore I giue you his figure in stead of that of our Author which had the floures exprest which this wants ‡ ¶ The Place It delighteth to grow in shadowie places and is very common in most gardens ¶ The Time The herbe is alwaies greene yet doth it in the Spring bring forth new leaues and floures ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Asarum in Latine Nardus rustica and of diuers Perpensa Perpensa is also Baccharis in Pliny lib. 21. cap. 21. Macer saith That Asarum is called Vulgago in these words Est Asaron Graecè Vulgago 〈◊〉 Latinè This herbe Asaron do the Grecians name Whereas the Latines Vulgago clepe the same It is found also amongst the bastard names that it was called of the great learned Philosophers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Martis sanguis or the bloud of Mars and of the French men Baccar and thereupon it seemeth that the word Asarabacca came which the Apothecaries vse and likewise the common people but there is another Baccharis differing from Asarum yet notwithstanding Crateuas doth also call Baccharis Asarum This confusion of both the names hath been the cause that most could not sufficiently expound themselues concerning Asarum and Baccharis and that many things haue beene written amisse in many copies of Dioscorides in the chapter of Asarum for when it is set downe in the Greek copies a sweet smelling garden herbe it belongeth not to the description of this Asarum but to that of Baccharis for Asarum as Pliny saith is so called because it is not put into garlands and so by that meanes it came to passe that oftentimes the descriptions of the old Writers were found corrupted and confused which thing as it is in this place manifest so oftentimes it cannot so easily be marked in other places Furthermore Asarum is called in French Cabaret in high-Dutch Hazelwurtz in low-Dutch Mansooren in English Asarabacca Fole-foot and Hazel-wort ¶ The Temperature The leaues of Asarabacca are hot and dry with a purging qualitie adioyned thereunto yet not without a certaine kinde of astriction or binding The roots are also hot and dry yet more than the leaues they are of thin and subtill parts they procure vrine bring downe the desired sicknes and are like in facultie as Galen saith to the roots of Acorus but yet more forceable and the roots of Acorus are also of a thinne essence heating attenuating drying and prouoking vrine as he 〈◊〉 which things are happily performed by taking the roots of Asarabacca either by themselues or mixed with other things ¶ The Vertues The leaues draw forth by vomit thicke phlegmaticke and cholericke humours and withall moue the belly and in this they are more forceable and of greater effect than the roots themselues They are thought to keepe in hard swelling cankers that they encrease not or come to exulceration or creeping any farther if they be outwardly applied vpon the same The roots are good against the stoppings of the liuer gall and spleene against wens and hard swellings and agues of long continuance but being taken in the greater quantitie they purge flegme and choler not much lesse than the leaues though Galen say no by vomit especially and also by siege One dram of the pouder of the roots giuen to drinke in ale or wine grossely beaten prouoketh vomit for the purposes aforesaid but being beaten into fine pouder and so giuen it purgeth very little by vomit but worketh most by procuring much vrine therefore the grosser the pouder is so much the better But if the roots be infused or boyled then must two three or foure drams be put to the infusion and of the leaues eight or nine be sufficient the iuyce of which stamped with some liquid thing is to be giuen The roots may be steeped in wine but more effectually in whay or 〈◊〉 water as Mesues teacheth The same is good for them that are tormented with the Sciatica or gout in the huckle bones for those that haue the dropsie and for such also as are vexed with a quartaine ague who are cured and made whole by vomiting CHAP. 307. Of Sea Binde-weed 1 Soldanella marina Sea Binde-weed ‡ 2 Soldanella Alpina maior Mountaine Binde-weed ¶ The Description 1 Soldanella or Sea Binde-weed hath many small branches somwhat red trailing vpon the ground beset with small and round leaues not much vnlike Asarabacca or the leaues of Aristolochia but smaller betwixt which leaues and the stalkes come forth floures formed like a bell of a bright red incarnate colour in euery respect answering the small Binde-weed whereof it is a kinde albeit I haue
on the hils of Lincolnshire and in Somersetshire by the house of a gentleman called Mr. Hales vpon a Fox-borough also not far from Mr. Bamfields neere to a towne called Hardington The first two kindes do grow in my garden where they prosper well ‡ I cannot learne that this growes wilde in England ‡ ¶ The Time Sow-bread floureth in September when the plant is without leafe which doth afterwards spring vp continuing greene all the Winter couering and keeping warme the seede vntill Midsommer next at what time the seed is ripe as aforesaid The third floureth in the spring for which cause it was called Cyclamen 〈◊〉 and so doth also the fourth ¶ The Names Sow bread is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tuber terrae and Terrae rapum of Marcellus Orbicularis of Apuleius Palalia Rapum Porcinum and Terrae malum in shops Cyclamen Panis porcinus and Arthanita in Italian Pan Porcino in Spanish Mazan de Puerco in High Dutch Schweinbrot in Low Dutch Uetckins broot in French Pain de Porceau in English Sow-bread Pliny calleth the colour of this floure in Latine Colossinus color in English Murrey colour ¶ The Nature Sow-bread is hot and drie in the third degree ¶ The Vertues The root of Sow-bread dried into pouder and taken inwardly in the quantitie of a dram and a halfe with mead or honied water purgeth downeward tough and grosse flegme and other sharpe humours The same taken in wine as aforesaid is very profitable against all poison and the bitings of venomous beasts and to be outwardly applied to the hurt place The pouder taken as aforesaid cureth the iaundise and the stoppings of the liuer taketh away the yellow colour of the bodie if the patient after the taking hereof be caused to sweat The leaues stamped with honie and the iuice put into the eies cleereth the sight taketh away al spots and webs pearle or haw and all impediments of the sight and is put into that excellent ointment called Vnguentum Arthanitae The root hanged about women in their extreame trauell with childe causeth them to be deliuered incontinent and taketh away much of their paine The leaues put into the place hath the like effect as my wife hath prooued sundrie times vpon diuers women by my aduise and commandement with good successe The iuice of Sow-bread doth open the Hemorrhoids and causeth them to flow beeing applied with wooll or flocks It is mixed with medicines that consume or waste away knots the Kings euill and other 〈◊〉 swellings moreouer it clenseth the head by the nostrils it purgeth the belly being annointed therwith and killeth the childe It is a strong medicine to destroy the birth being put vp as a pessarie It scoureth the skin and taketh away Sun-burning and all blemishes of the face pilling of the haire and marks also that remaine after the small pocks and mesels and giuen in wine to drinke it maketh a man drunke The decoction thereof serueth as a good and effectuall bath for members out of ioint the gout aud kibed heeles The root being made hollow and filled with oile closed with a little wax and rosted in the hot embers maketh an excellent ointment for the griefes last rehearsed Being beaten and made vp into trochisches or little flat cakes it is reported to be a good amorous medicine to make one in loue if it be inwardly taken ¶ The Danger It is not good for women with childe to touch or take this herbe or to come neere vnto it or stride ouer the same where it groweth for the naturall attractiue vertue therein contained is such that without controuersie they that attempt it in maner abouesaid shall be deliuered before their time which danger and inconuenience to auoid I haue about the place where it groweth in my garden fastened sticks in the ground and some other stickes I haue fastened also crosse-waies ouer them lest any woman should by lamentable experiment finde my words to bee true by their stepping ouer the same ‡ I iudge our Author something too womanish in this that is led more by vain opinion than by any reason or experience to confirme this his assertion which frequent experience shews to be vaine and friuolous especially for the touching striding ouer or comming neere to this herbe ‡ CHAP. 311. Of Birthwoorts ¶ The Kindes BIrthwoort as Dioscorides writeth is of three sorts long round and winding Plinie hath added a fourth kinde called Pistolochia or little Birthwoort The later writers haue ioined vnto them a fifth named Saracens Birthwoort 1 Aristolochia longa Long Birthwoort 2 Aristolochiarotunda Round Birthwoort ¶ The Description 1 LOng Birthwoort hath many small long slender stalkes creeping vpon the ground tangling one with another very intricately beset with round leaues not much vnlike Sowbread or Iuie but larger of a light or ouerworne greene colour and of a grieuous or lothsome smell and sauour among which come forth long hollow floures not much vnlike the floures of Aron but without any pestell or clapper in the same of a dark purple colour after which do follow small fruit like vnto little peares containing triangled seeds of a blackish colour The root is long thicke of the colour of box of a strong sauour and bitter taste 2 The round Birthwoort in stalkes and leaues is like the first but his leaues are rounder the floures differ onely in this that they be somewhat longer and narrower and of a faint yellowish colour but the small flap or point of the floure that turneth backe againe is of a darke or blacke purple colour The fruit is formed like a peare sharpe toward the top more ribbed and fuller than the former the root is round like vnto Sow-bread in taste and sauour like the former 3 Aristolochia clematitis Climing Birthwoort ‡ 4 Aristolochia Saracenica Saracens Birthwoort ‡ 5 Pistolochia Small Birthwoort 3 Climing Birthwoort taketh hold of any thing that is next vnto it with his long and clasping stalks which be oftentimes branched and windeth it selfe like Bindweed the stalks of the leaues are longer whose leaues be smooth broad sharpe pointed as be those of the others the floures likewise hollow long yellow or of a blackish purple colour the fruit differeth not from that of the others but the roots be slender and very long sometimes creeping on the top of the earth and sometimes growing deeper being of like colour with the former ones 4 There is a fourth kinde of Birthwoort resembling the rest in leaues and branched stalkes yet higher and longer than either the long or the round the leaues thereof be greater than those of Asarabacca the floures hollow long and in one side hanging ouer of a yellowish colour the fruit is long and round like a peare in which the seeds lie seuered of forme three square of an ill fauored blackish colour the root is somewhat long oftentimes of a mean thicknesse yellow like to the colour of Box not inferior in bitternesse either
without taste it hath little agreement with Bryonie for the root of Bryonie is verie bitter Diuers name it Rha 〈◊〉 or white Rubarbe but vnproperly being nothing like It commeth neere vnto 〈◊〉 and if I might yeeld my censure it seemeth to be Scammonium 〈◊〉 Americanum or a certain Scammonie of America 〈◊〉 creepeth as wee haue sayd after the manner of Bindweed The root is both white and thicke the iuice hath but little taste as also hath this of Mechoacan it is called in English Mechoca and Mechocan and may bee called Indian 〈◊〉 ¶ The Temperature The root is of a meane temperature between hot and cold but yet drie ¶ The Vertues It purgeth by siege especially flegme and then waterish humours It is giuen from one ful dram weight to two and that with wine or with some distilled water according as the disease requireth or els in flesh broth It is to be giuen with good effect to all whose diseases proceed of flegme and cold humors It is good against head-ache that hath continued long old coughes hardnesse of breathing the colick paine of the kidneies and ioints the diseases of the reines and belly CHAP. 323. Of the Manured Vine ¶ The Kindes THe Vine may be accounted among those plants that haue need of staies and props and cannot stand by themselues it is held vp with poles and frames of wood and by that meanes it spreadeth all about and climbeth aloft it ioyneth it selfe vnto trees or whatsoeuer standeth next vnto it Of Vines that bring forth wine some be tame and husbanded and others that be wilde of tame Vines there are many that are greater and likewise another sort that be lesser ¶ The Description THe trunke or bodie of the Vine is great and thicke very hard couered with many barkes and those full of cliffes or chinkes from which grow forth branches as it were armes many waies spreading out of which come forth iointed shoots and springs and from the bosome of those ioints leaues and clasping tendrels and likewise bunches or clusters filled ful of grapes the leaues be broad something round fiue cornered and somewhat indented about the edges amongst which come forth many clasping tendrels that take hold of such props or staies as do stand next vnto it The grapes do differ both in colour and greatnesse and also in many other things the which to distinguish seuerally were impossible considering the infinite sorts or kindes and also those which are transplanted from one region or climate to another do likewise alter both from the forme and taste they had before in consideration whereof it shall be sufficient to set sorth the figure of the manured grape and speake somewhat of the rest There is found in Graecia and the parts of Morea as Pantalarea Zante Cephalonia and 〈◊〉 wherof some are Islands and the other of the continent a certaine Vine that hath a trunke or bodie of a wooddie substance with a scaly or rugged bark of a grayish colour whereupon do grow faire broad leaues sleightly indented about the edges not vnlike vnto those of the Marsh-mallow from the bosome whereof come forth many small clasping tendrels and also tough and pliant foot-stalkes whereon do grow verie faire bunches of grapes of a watchet blewish colour from the which fruit commeth forth long tender laces or strings such as is found among Sauorie whereupon wee call that plant which hath it laced Sauorie not vnlike that that groweth among and vpon Flax which we call Dodder or Podagra lini 〈◊〉 is made a blacke wine which is called Greeke wine yet of the taste of Sacke The laced fruit of this Vine may be fitly termed Vuabarbata Laced or bearded grapes The plant that beareth those small Raisins which are commonly called Corans or Currans or rather Raisins of Corinth is not that plant which among the vulgar people is taken for Currans being a shrubbe or bush that bringeth forth small clusters of berries differing as much as may bee from Corans hauing no affinitie with the Vine or any kinde thereof The Vine that beareth small Raisins or Corans hath a bodie or stocke as other Vines haue branches and tendrels likewise The leaues are larger than any of the others snipt about the edges like the teeth of a saw among which come forth clusters of grapes in forme like the other but smaller of a blewish colour which being ripe are gathered and laid vpon hurdles carpets mats and such like in the Sun to drie then are they carried to some house and laied vpon heapes as we lay apples and corne in a garner vntill the merchants do buy them then do they put them into large Buts or other woodden vessels and tread them downe with their bare feet which they call Stiuing and so are they brought into these parts for our vse ‡ And they are commonly termed in Latine 〈◊〉 Corinthiacae and 〈◊〉 minores ‡ Vitis Vinifera The manured Vine ‡ There is also another which beareth exceeding faire grapes whereof they make Raisins whiter coloured and much exceeding the bignesse of the common Raisin of the Sunne yet that Grape whereof the Raisin of the Sun is made is a large one and thought to be the Vua Zibibi of the Arabians and it is that which Tabernamontanus figured vnder that name who therein was followed by our Authour but the figures being little to the purpose I haue thought good to omit them ‡ There is another kinde of Vine which hath great leaues very broad of an ouerworne colour whereupon do grow great bunches of Grapes of a blewish colour the pulpe or meate whereof 〈◊〉 or cleaueth so hard to the graines or little stones that the one is not easily diuided from the other resembling some starued or withered berrie that hath been blasted whereof it was named 〈◊〉 There be some vines that bring forth grapes of a whitish or reddish yellow colour others of a deepe red both in the outward skinne pulpe and iuyce within There be others whose grapes are of a blew colour or something red yet is the iuyce like those of the former These grapes do yeeld forth a white wine before they are put into the presse and a reddish or paller Wine when they are trodden with the husks and so left to macerate or ferment with which if they remaine too long they yeeld forth a wine of a higher colour There be others which make a blacke and obscure red wine whereof some bring bigger clusters and consist of greater grapes others of lesser some grow more clustred and closer together others looser some haue but one stone others more some make a more austere or harsh wine others a more sweet of some the old wine is best of diuers the first yeares wine is most excellent some bring forth fruit 〈◊〉 square of which sorts or kindes we haue great plenty ¶ The Place A fit soile for Vines saith Florentinus is euery blacke earth which is not very close nor clammy hauing some moisture
Setter-wort and Setter-grasse The second is named in the German tongue Lowszkraut that is Pedicularis or Lowsie grasse for it is thought to destroy and kill lice and not onely lice but sheepe and other cattell and may be reckoned among the Beare-feet as kindes thereof ¶ The Temperature Blacke Hellebor as Galen holdeth opinion is hotter in taste than the white Hellebor in like manner hot and dry in the third degree ¶ The Vertues Black Hellebor purgeth downwards flegme choler and also melancholy especially and all melancholy humors yet not without trouble and difficultie therfore it is not to be giuen but to robustious and strong bodies as Mesues teacheth A purgation of Hellebor is good formad and furious men for melancholy dull and heauy persons for those that are troubled with the falling sicknes for lepers for them that are sicke of a quartane Ague and briefely for all those that are troubled with blacke choler and molested with melancholy The manner of giuing it meaning the first blacke Hellebor saith Actuarius in his first booke is three scruples little more or lesse It is giuen with wine of raisins or oxymel but for pleasantnes sake some sweet and odoriferous seeds must be put vnto it but if you would haue it stronger adde thereunto a grain or two of Scamonie Thus much Actuarius The first of these kindes is best then the second the rest are of lesse force The roots take away the morphew and blacke spots in the skin tetters ring-wormes leprosies and 〈◊〉 The root sodden in pottage with flesh openeth the bellies of such as haue the dropsie The root of bastard Hellebor called among our English women Beare-foot steeped in wine and drunken looseth the belly euen as the true blacke Hellebor and is good against all the diseases whereunto blacke Hellebor serueth and killeth wormes in children It doth his operation with more force and might if it be made into pouder and a dram thereof be receiued in wine The same boyled in water with Rue and Agrimony cureth the jaundice and purgeth yellow superfluities by siege The leaues of bastard Hellebor dried in an ouen after the bread is drawne out and the pouder thereof taken in a figge or raisin or strawed vpon a piece of bread spred with honey and eaten killeth wormes in children exceedingly CHAP. 378. Of Dioscorides his blacke Hellebor Astrantianigra siue 〈◊〉 nigrum Dioscoridis Dod. Blacke Master-worts or Dioscorides his blacke Hellebor ¶ The Description THis kinde of blacke Hellebor set forth by Lobel vnder the name of Astrantianigra agreeth very well in shape with the true Astrantia which is called Imperatoria neuertheles by the consent of Dioscorides and other Authors who haue expressed this plant for a kinde of Veratrum nigrum or blacke Hellebor it hath many blackish green leaues parted or cut into foure or fiue deepe cuts after the maner of the vine leafe very like vnto those of Sanicle both in greennes of colour and also in proportion The stalke is euen smooth and plain at the top wherof grow floures it little tufts or vmbels set together like those of Scabious of a whitish light greene colour dashed ouer as it were with a little darke purple after which come the seed like vnto Carthamus or bastard Saffron The roots are many blackish threds knit to one head or master root ¶ The Place Blacke Hellebor is found in the mountains of Germany and in other vntilled and rough places it prospereth in gardens Dioscorides writeth That blacke Hellebor groweth likewise in rough and dry places and that is the best which is taken from such like places as that saith hee which is brought out of Anticyra a city in Greece It groweth in my garden ¶ The Time This blacke Hellebor flowreth not in Winter but in the Sommer moneths The herb is green all the yeare thorow ¶ The Names It is called of the later Herbarists Astrantia nigra of others Sanicula foemina notwithstanding it differeth much from Astrantia an herbe which is also named Imperatoria or Master-wort The vulgar people call it Pellitorie of Spaine but vntruly it may be called blacke Master-wort yet 〈◊〉 a kinde of Hellebor as the purging facultie doth shew for it is certaine that diuers experienced physitians can witnesse that the roots hereof do purge melancholy and other humors and that they themselues haue perfectly cured mad melancholy people being purged herewith And that it hath a purging qualitie Conradus Gesnerus doth likewise testifie in a certaine Epistle written to Adolphus Occo in which he sheweth that Astrantianigra is almost as strong as white Hellebòr and that he himselfe was the first that had experience of the purging facultie thereof by siege which things confirme that it is 〈◊〉 his blacke Hellebor Dioscorides hath also attributed to this plant all those names that are ascribed to the other black Hellebors He saith further that the seed thereof in Anticyra is called Sesamoides the which is vsed to purge with if so be that the Text be true and not corrupted But it seemeth not to be altogether perfect for if Sesamoides as Pliny saith and the word it selfe doth shew hath his name of the likenesse of Sesamum the seed of this blacke Hellebor shall vnproperly be called Sesamoides being not like that of Sesamum but of Cnicus or bastard Saffron By these proofes we may suspect that these words are brought into Dioscorides from some other Author ¶ The Temperature and Vertues The faculties of this plant we haue already written to be by triall found like to those of the other blacke Hellebor notwithstanding those that are described in the former chapter are to be accounted of greater force CHAP. 379. Of Herbe Christopher 〈◊〉 Herbe Christopher ¶ The Description ALthough Herbe Christopher be none of the Binde-weeds or of those plants that haue need of supporting or vnderpropping wherewith it may clime or rampe yet because it beareth grapes or clusters of berries it might haue been numbred among the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or those that grow like Vines It brings forth little tender stalkes a foot long or not much longer whereupon do grow sundry leaues set vpon a tender foot-stalke which do make one leafe somewhat iagged or cut about the edges of a light greene colour the floures grow at the top of the stalks in spokie tufts consisting of four little white leaues apiece which being past the fruit succeeds round somwhat long and blacke when it is ripe hauing vpon one side a streaked 〈◊〉 or hollownesse growing neere together as doe the clusters of grapes The root is thicke blacke without and yellow within like Box with many trailing strings anexed therto creeping far abroad in the earth whereby it doth greatly increase and lasteth long ¶ The Place Herbe Christopher groweth in the North parts of England neere vnto the house of the right worshipfull Sir William Bowes I haue receiued plants thereof from Robinus of Paris for my garden where they flourish ¶ The
thin and waterish and if they happen to putrifie in the stomacke their nourishment is naught The distilled water drunke with white Wine is good against the passion of the heart reuiuing the spirits and making the heart merry The distilled water is reported to scoure the face to take away spots and to make the face faire and smooth and is likewise drunke with good successe against the stone in the kidnies The leaues are good to be put into Lotions or washing waters for the mouth and the priuie parts The ripe Straw-berries quench thirst coole heat of the stomack and inflammation of the liuer take away if they be often vsed the rednesse and heate of the face CHAP. 387. Of Angelica ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers kindes of Angelica's the garden Angelica that of the water and a third sort wilde growing vpon the land 1 Angelica satina Garden Angelica 2 Angelica syluestris Wilde Angelica ¶ The Description 1 Concerning this plant Angelica there hath bin heretofore some contention and controuersie Cordus calling it Smyrnium some later writers Costus niger but to auoid cauill the controuersie is soone decided sith it and no other doth assuredly retaine the name Angelica It hath great broad leaues diuided againe into other leaues which are indented or snipt about much like to the vppermost leaues of Sphondylium but lower tenderer greener and of a stronger sauor among which leaues spring vp the stalkes very great thicke and hollow sixe or seuen soot high ioynted or kneed from which ioynts proceed other armes or branches at the top whereof grow tufts of whitish floures like Fennell or Dill the root is thicke great and oilous out of which issueth if it be cut or broken an oylie liquor the whole plant as well leaues stalkes as roots are of a reasonable pleasant sauour not much vnlike Petroleum There is another kinde of true Angelica found in our English gardens which I haue obserued being like vnto the former sauing that the roots of this kinde are more fragrant and of a more aromaticke sauor and the leaues next the ground of a purplish red colour and the whole plant lesser ‡ 3 Archangelica Great wilde Angelica 2 The wilde Angelica which seldome growes in gardens but is found to grow plentifully in water soken grounds and cold moist medowes is like to that of the garden saue that his leaues are not so deepely cut or iagged they be also blacker and narrower The stalkes are much slenderer and shorter and the floures whiter the root much smaller and hath more threddy strings appendant thereunto and is not so strong of sauour by a great deale 3 Matthiolus and Gesner haue made mention of another kinde of Angelica but we are very slenderly instructed by their insufficient descriptions notwithstanding for our better knowledge and more certain assurance I must needs record that which my friend Mr. Bredwell related to me concerning his sight thereof who found this plant growing by the 〈◊〉 which compasseth the house of Mr. Munke of the parish of Iuer two miles from Colbrook and since that I haue seene the same in low fenny and marshy places of Essex about Harwich This plant hath leaues like vnto the garden Angelica but smaller and fewer in number set vpon one rib a great stalke grosse and thicke whose ioynts and that small rib whereon the leafe growes are of a reddish colour hauing many long branches comming forth of an husk or case such as is in the common garden Parsnep the floures doe grow at the top of the branches and are of a white colour and 〈◊〉 fashion which being past there succeed broad long and thicke seeds longer and thicker than garden Angelica the root is great thicke white of little sauour with some strings appendant thereto ‡ This of our Authors description seemes to agree with the Archangelica of Lobel Dodonaeus and Clusius wherefore I haue put their figure to it ‡ ¶ The Place The first is very common in our English gardens in other places it growes wilde without planting as in Norway and in an Island of the North called Island where it groweth very high It is eaten of the inhabitants the barke being pilled off as we vnderstand by some that haue trauelled into Island who were sometimes compelled to eate hereof for want of other food and they report that it hath a good and pleasant taste to them that are hungry It groweth likewise in diuers mountaines of Germanie and especially of Bohemia ¶ The Time They floure in Iuly and August whose roots for the most part do perish after the seed is ripe yet haue I with often cutting the plant kept it from seeding by which meanes the root and plant haue continued sundry yeares together ¶ The Names It is called of the later age Angelica in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 Brustwurtz or des 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Spiritus sancti radix the root of the holy Ghost as witnesseth Leonhartus Fuchsius in low-Dutch Angeliika in French Angelic in English also Angelica It seemeth to be a kind of Laserpitium for if it be compared with those things which Theophrastus at large hath written concerning Silphium or Laserpitium in his sixth booke of the historie of plants it shall appeare to be answerable thereunto But whether wild Angelica be that which Theophrastus calleth Magydaris that is to say another kinde of Laserpitium we leaue to be examined and considered of by the learned Physitians of our London Colledge ¶ The Temperature Angelica especially that of the garden is hot and dry in the third degree therefore it openeth attenuateth or maketh thin 〈◊〉 and procureth sweat ¶ The Vertues The roots of garden Angelica is a singular remedy against poison and against the plague and all infections taken by euill and corrupt aire if you do but take a peece of the root and hold it in your mouth or chew the same between your teeth it doth most certainely driue away the pestilentiall aire yea although that corrupt aire haue possessed the hart yet it driueth it out again by vrine and sweat as Rue and Treacle and such like Antipharmaca do Angelica is an enemy to poisons it cureth pestilent diseases if it by vsed in season a dram weight of the pouder hereof is giuen with thin wine or if the feuer be vehement with the distilled water of 〈◊〉 benedictus or of Tormentill and with a little vineger and by it selfe also or with Treacle of Vipers added It openeth the liuer and spleene draweth downe the termes driueth out or expelleth the secondine The 〈◊〉 of the root made in wine is good against the cold shiuering of agues It is reported that the root is auaileable against witchcraft and inchantments if a man carry the same about them as Fuchsius saith It attenuateth and maketh thin grosse and tough flegme the root being vsed greene and while it is full of juice helpeth them that be asthmaticke dissoluing and expectorating the stuffings therein by cutting off and clensing the parts affected
Rose commonly called the great Prouince Rose We haue in our London gardens one of the red Roses whose floures are in quantitie and beauty equal with the former but of greater estimation of a perfect red colour wherein especially it differeth from the Prouince Rose in stalks stature and manner of growing it agreeth with our common red Rose ¶ Te Place All these sorts of Roses we haue in our London gardens except that Rose without prickles which as yet is a stranger in England The double white Rose doth grow wilde in many 〈◊〉 of Lancashire in great abundance euen as Briers do with vs in these Southerly parts 〈◊〉 in a place of the countrey called Leyland and in a place called Roughford not far 〈◊〉 Latham 〈◊〉 in the said Leyland fields doth grow our garden Rose wilde in the plowed fields among the 〈◊〉 in such abundance that there may be gathered daily during the time many 〈◊〉 els of Roses equall with the best garden Rose in each respect the thing that giueth great cause of worder is that in a field in the place aforesaid called Glouers field euery yeare that the field is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 corne that yeare the field will be spred ouer with Roses and when it lyeth as they call it ley and not 〈◊〉 then shall there be but few Roses to be gathered by the relation of a curious Gentleman there dwelling so often remembred in our Historie ‡ I haue heard that the Roses which grow in such plenty in Glouers field euery yeare the field is plowed are no other than corne Rose that is red Poppies howeuer our Author was informed ‡ ¶ The Time These floure from the end of May to the end of August and diuers times after by reason 〈◊〉 tops and superfluous branches are cut away in the end of their flouring then do they sometimes floure euen vntill October and after ¶ The Names The Rose is called in Latine Rosa in Greeke 〈◊〉 and the plant it selfe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in Latine keepeth the same name that the floure hath and it is called Rodon as Plutarch saith because it sendeth forth plenty of smell The middle part of the Roses that is the yellow chiues or seeds and typs is called Anthos and Flos Rosae the floure of the Rose in shops Anthera or the blowing of the rose The white parts of the leaues of the floure it selfe by which they are fastened to the cups be named Vngues or 〈◊〉 That is called Calix or the cup which containeth and holdeth in together the yellow part and leaues of the floure Alabastri are those parts of the cup which are deeply cut that compasse the floure close about before it be opened which be in number fiue two haue beards and two haue none and the fift hath but halfe one most do call them Cortices Rosarum or the husks of the roses the shoots of the plant of roses Strabo Gallus in his little garden doth call Viburna The white Rose is called Rosa alba in English the white Rose in high Dutch Weisz Roosen in low Dutch Ditte Roosen in French Rose Blanche of Plinie Spincola Rosa or Rosa Campana The red Rose is called in Latine Rosa rubra the Frenchmen Rose Franche Rose de Prouins a towne in Campaigne of Plinie Trachinia or Praenestina The Damaske Rose is called of the Italians Rosa incarnata in high Dutch Leibfarbige Roosen in low Dutch Prouenice Roose of some Rosa Provincialis or Rose of Prouence in French of some Melesia the Rose of Melaxo a citie in Asia from whence some haue thought it was first brought into those parts of Europe The great Rose which is generally called the great Prouence rose which the Dutch men cannot endure for say they it came first out of Holland and therefore to be called the Holland Rose 〈◊〉 by all likelihood it came from the Damaske rose as a kinde thereof made better and fairer by art which seemeth to agree with truth The rose without prickles is called in Latine Rosa sine spinis and may be called in English the rose without thornes or the rose of Austrich because it was first brought from Vienna the Metropolitan citie of Austrich and giue nto that famous Herbarist Carolus Clusius ¶ The Temperature The leaues of the floures of roses because they doe consist of diuers parts haue also diuers and sundry faculties for there be in them certain that are earthy and binding others moist and watery and sundrie that are spirituall and airie parts which notwithstanding are not all after one sort for in one kinde these excell in another those all of them haue a predominant or ouerruling cold tempe rature which is neerest to a meane that is to say of such as are cold in the first degree moist airie and spirituall parts are predominant in the White roses Damaske and Muske ¶ The Vertues The distilled water of roses is good for the strengthning of the heart refreshing of the spirits and likewise for all things that require a gentle cooling The same being put into iunketting dishes cakes sauces and many other pleasant things giueth a fine and delectable taste It mitigateth the paine of the cies proceeding of a hot cause bringeth sleep which also the fresh roses themselues prouoke through their sweet and pleasant smell The 〈◊〉 of these roses especially of Damask doth moue to the stoole and maketh the belly 〈◊〉 but most 〈◊〉 that of the Musk roses next to them is the iuice of the Damask which is more commonly vsed The infusion of them doth the same and also the syrrup made thereof called in Latine 〈◊〉 or Serapium the Apothecaries call it Syrrup of roses solutiue which must be made of the infusion in which a great number of the leaues of these fresh roses are diuers and sundry times steeped It is profitable to make the belly loose soluble when as either there is no need of other stronger purgation or that it is not fit and expedient to vse it for besides those excrements which stick to the bowels or that in the first and neerest veines remaine raw flegmaticke and now and then cholericke it purgeth no other excrements vnlesse it be mixed with certaine other stronger medicines This syrrup doth moisten and coole and therefore it alayeth the extremitie of heart in hot burning feuers mitigateth the inflammations of the intrails and quencheth thirst it is scarce good for aweake and moist stomacke for it leaueth it more slacke and weake Of 〈◊〉 vertue also are the leaues of these preserued in Sugar especially if they be onely bruised with the hands and diligently tempered with Sugar and so heat at the fire rather than boiled ¶ The Temperature of Red Roses There is in the red Roses which are common euery where and in the other that be of a deep purple called Prouence roses a more earthie substance also a drying and binding qualitie yet not without certaine moisture ioined being in them when
they are as yet fresh which they lose when they be dried for this cause their iuice and infusion doth also make the bodie soluble yet not so much as of the others aforesaid These roses being dried and their moisture 〈◊〉 do bind and dry and likewise coole but lesser than when they are fresh ¶ The Vertues They strengthen the heart and helpe the trembling and beating thereof They giue strength to the liuer kidneies and other weake intrails they dry and comfort a weak stomacke that is flashie and moist stay the whites and reds stanch bleedings in any part of the body stay sweatings binde and loose and moisten the body And they are put into all manner of counterpoisons and other like medicines whether they be to be outwardly applied or to be inwardly taken to which they giue an effectuall binding and certaine strengthning qualitie Honie of Roses or Mel Rosarum called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is made of them is most excellent good for wounds vlcers issues and generally for such things as haue need to be clensed and dried The oile doth mitigate all kindes of heat and will not suffer inflammations or hot swellings to rise and being risen it doth at the first asswage them ¶ The Temperature and Vertues of the parts The floures or bloomings of Roses that is to say the yellow haires and tips do in like maner dry and binde and that more effectually than of the leaues of the roses themselues the same temperature the cups and beards be of but seeing none of these haue any sweet smell they are not so profitable nor so familiar or beneficiall to mans nature notwithstanding in fluxes at the sea it shall auaile the Chirurgion greatly to carry store thereof with him which doth there preuaile much more than at the land The same yellow called Anthera staieth not onely those lasks and bloudy fluxes which do happen at the sea but those at the land also and likewise the white flux and red in women if they bee dried beaten to pouder and two scruples thereof giuen in red wine with a little powder of Ginger added thereto and being at the sea for want of red wine you may vse such liquour as you can get in such extremitie The little heads or buttons of the Roses as Pliny writeth do also stanch bleeding and stoppe the laske The nailes or white ends of the leaues of the floures are good for watering eies The iuice infusion or decoction of Roses are to be reckoned among those medicines which are soft gentle loosing opening and purging gently the belly which may be taken at all times and in all places of euery kinde or sex of people both old and yong without danger or perill The syrrup made of the infusion of Roses is a most singular gentle loosing medicine carrying downwards cholericke 〈◊〉 opening the stoppings of the liuer helping greatly the yellow iaundies the trembling of the heart taking away the extreme heat in agues and burning feuers which is thus made Take two pound of Roses the white ends cut away put them to steepe or infuse in six pintes of warme water in an open vessell for the space of twelue houres then straine them out and put thereto the like quantitie of Roses and warme the water again so let it stand the like time do thus foure or fiue times in the end adde vnto that liquor or infusion foure pound of fine sugar in powder then boyle it vnto the forme of a syrrup vpon a gentle fire continually stirring it vntill it be cold then straine it and keepe it for your vse whereof may be taken in white wine or other liquour from one ounce vnto two Syrrup of the iuice of Roses is very profitable for the grieses aforesaid made in this manner Take Roses the white nailes cut away what quantitie you please stampe them and straine our the iuice the which you shall put to the fire adding thereto sugar according to the quantity of the iuice boiling them on a gentle fire vnto a good consistence Vnto these syrrups you may adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol which giueth it a most beautifull colour and also helpeth the force in cooling hot and burning feuers and agues you likewise may adde thereto a small quantitie of the iuice of Limons which doth the like The conserue of Roses as well that which is crude and raw as that which is made by ebullition or boiling taken in the morning fasting and last at night strengthneth the heart and taketh away the shaking and trembling thereof strengthneth the liuer kidneies and other weake intrails comforteth a weake stomacke that is moist and raw staieth the whites and reds in women and in a word is the most familiar thing to be vsed for the purposes aforesaid and is thus made Take the leaues of Roses the nails cut off one pound put them into a clean pan then put thereto a pinte and a halfe of scalding water stirring them together with a woodden slice so let them stand to macerate close couered some two or three houres 〈◊〉 set them to the fire slowly to boyle adding thereto three pounds of sugar in powder letting them to simper together according to discretion some houre or more then keepe it for your vse The same made another way but better by many degrees take Roses at your pleasure put them to boyle in faire water hauing regard to the quantity for if you haue many roses you may take the more water if fewer the lesse water will serue the which you shall boyle at the least three or foure houres euen as you would boyle a piece of meat vntill in the eating they be very tender at which time the roses will lose their colour that you would thinke your labour lost and the thing spoyled But proceed for though the Roses haue lost their colour the water hath gotten the tincture thereof then shall you adde vnto one pound of Roses foure pound of fine sugar in pure powder and so according to the rest of the roses Thus shall you let them boyle gently after the Sugar is put therto continually stirring it with a woodden Spatula vntill it be cold whereof one pound weight is worth six pound of the crude or raw conserue as well for the vertues and goodnesse in taste as also for the beautifull colour The making of the crude or raw conserue is very well knowne as also Sugar roset and diuers other pretty things made of roses and sugar which are impertent vnto our historie because I intend neither to make thereof an Apothecaries shop nor a Sugar bakers storehouse leauing the rest for our cunning confectioners CHAP. 2. Of the Muske Roses ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of Roses planted in gardens besides those written of in the former chapter which are of most writers reckoned among the wilde roses notwithstanding we thinke it conuenient to put them into a chapter betweene those of the garden and
Temperature Ladanum saith Galen is hot in the later end of the first degree hauing also a little astrictiueor binding qualitie it is likewise of a thin substance and therefore it softeneth and withall doth moderately digest and also concoct ¶ The Vertues Ladanum hath a peculiar property against the infirmities of the mother it keepeth haires from falling for it wasteth away any setled or putrified humour that is at their roots Dioscorides saith that Ladanum doth bind heat souple open being tempered with wine Myrrhe and oile of Myrtles it keepeth haires from falling being annointed therewith or laied on mixed with wine it maketh the markes or scars of wounds faire and well coloured It taketh away the paine in the eares if it be powred or dropped therein mixed with honied water or with oile of Roses A fume made thereof draweth forth the afterbirth and taketh away the hardnesse of the matrix It is with good successe mixed with mollifying plaisters that mitigate paine Being drunke with wine it stoppeth the laske and prouoketh vrine There is made hereof diuers sorts of Pomanders chaines and bracelets with other sweets mixed therewith CHAP. 8. Of Rosemarie ‡ The Description 1 ROsemarie is a wooddie 〈◊〉 growing oftentimes to the height of three or foure cubits especially when it is set by a wall it consisteth of slender brittle branches wheron do grow verie many long leaues narrow somewhat hard of a quicke spicy taste whitish vnderneath and of a full greene colour aboue or in the vpper side with a pleasant sweet strong smell among which come forth little floures of a whitish blew colour the seed is blackish the roots are tough and woody 1 Rosmarinum Coronarium Garden Rosemarie 2 Rosmarinum syluestre Wilde Rosemarie 2 The wilde Rosemarie Clusius hath referred vnto the kindes of Cistus Ledon we haue as a poore kinsman thereof inserted it in the next place in kinred or neighbourhood at the least This wilde Rosemarie is a small wooddie shrub growing seldome aboue a foot high hauing hard branches of a reddish colour diuiding themselues into other smaller branches of a whitish color wheron are placed without order diuers long leaues greene aboue and hoarie vnderneath not vnlike to those of the dwarfe Willow or the common Rosemarie of a drie and astringent taste of little smel or none at all the floures stand on the tops of the branches set vpon bare or naked footstalks consisting of fiue small leaues of a reddish colour somewhat shining after which appeare little knaps full of small seed the root is tough and wooddie 3 Casia Poetica Lobelij The Poets Rosemarie or Gardrobe ¶ The Place Rosemarie groweth in France Spaine and in other hot countries in woods and in vntilled places there is such plentie thereof in Languedocke that the inhabitants burne scarce any other fuell they make hedges of it in the gardens of Italy and England being a great ornament vnto the same it groweth neither in the fields nor gardens of the Easterne cold countries but is carefully and curiously kept in pots set into the stoues and sellers against the iniuries of their cold Winters Wilde Rosemarie groweth in Lancashire in diuers places especially in a field called Little Reed amongst the Hurtleberries neere vnto a small village called Maudsley there found by a learned Gentleman often remembred in our historie and that worthily Mr. Thomas Heskcth ¶ The Time Rosemarie floureth twice a yeare in the Spring and after in August The wilde Rosemarie floureth in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Rosemarie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosmarinus Coronaria it is surnamed Coronaria for difference sake betweene it and the other Libanotides which are reckoned for kindes of Rosemarie and also because women haue been accustomed to make crownes and garlands thereof in Italian Rosmarino coronario in Spanish Romero in French and Dutch Rosmarin Wilde Rosemarie is called Rosmarinus syluestris of Cordus 〈◊〉 ¶ The Temperature Rosemarie is hot and drie in the second degree and also of an a stringent or binding quality as being compounded of diuers parts and taking more of the mixture of the earthy substance ¶ The Vertues Rosemarie is giuen against all fluxes of bloud it is also good especially the floures thereof for all infirmities of the head and braine proceeding of a cold and moist cause for they dry the brain quicken the sences and memorie and strengthen the sinewie parts 〈◊〉 witnesseth that Rosemarie is a remedie against the stuffing of the head that commeth through coldnesse of the braine if a garland thereof be put about the head whereof 〈◊〉 Mesuai giueth testimonie Dioscorides teacheth that it cureth him that hath the yellow iaundice if it be boiled in water and drunk before exercise that after the taking therof the patient must bathe himselfe drink wine The distilled water of the floures of Rosemarie being drunke at morning and euening first and last taketh away the stench of the mouth and breath and maketh it very sweet if there be added thereto to sleep or insuse for certaine daies a few Cloues Mace Cinnamon and a little Annise seed The Arabians and other Physitions succeeding do write that Rosemarie comforteth the brain the memorie the inward senses and restoreth speech vnto them that are possessed with the dumbe palsie especially the conserue made of the floures and sugar or any other way confected with sugar being taken euery day fasting The Arabians as Serapio witnesseth giue these properties to Rosemarie it heateth say they is of subtill parts is good for the cold rheume which salleth from the braine driueth away windines prouoketh vrine and openeth the stoppings of the liuer and milt Tragus writeth that Rosemarie is spice in the Germane Kitchins and other cold countries Further he saith that the wine boiled with Rosemarie and taken of women troubled with the mother or the whites helpeth them the rather if they fast three or foure houres after The floures made vp into plates with sugar after the manner of Sugar Roset and eaten comfort the heart and make it merry quicken the spirits and make them more liuely The oile of Rosemaire chimically drawne comforteth the cold weake and feeble braine in most wonderfull maner The people of Thuringia do vse the wilde Rosemarie to prouoke the desired sicknesse Those of Marchia vse to put it into their drinke the sooner to make their clients drunke and also do put it into chests and presses among clothes to preserue them from morhes or other vermine CHAP. 9. Of Vpright Wood-binde 1 Periclymenum rectum Sabaudicum Sauoy Honisuckles 2 Periclymenum rectum Germanicum Germane Honisuckles ¶ The Description 1 THis strange kinde of Hony-suckle found in the woods of Sauoy represents vnto vs that shrub or hedge-bush called Cornus foemina the Dog-berry tree or Pricke-timber tree hauing leaues and branches like the common Wood-binde sauing that this doth not clamber or clymbe as the others do but contrariwise groweth vpright without leaning to
Spanish Broome without leaues 2 Pseudospartum album Aphyllum The white leafe-lesse Spanish broom 2 This naked broome groweth vp to the height of a man the stalk is rough and void of leaues very greene and pliant which diuideth it selfe into diuers twiggie branches greene and tough like rushes the floures grow all along the stalks like those of broome but of a white colour wherein it differeth from all the rest of his kinde ¶ The Place These grow in the prouinces of Spaine and are in one place higher and more bushie and in an other lower ¶ The Time ‡ The first floures in May and the second in Februarie ‡ ¶ The Names These base Spanish broomes may be referred to the true which is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines vse the same name calling it sometimes Spartum and Spartium in Spanish Retama in English Spanish broome and bastard Spanish broome ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Both the seeds and iuice of the branches of these base broomes wherewith they in Spaine and other hot regions do tie their vines do mightily draw as Galen writeth Diosoorides saith that the seeds and floures being drunke in the quantitie of a dram with Mede or honied water doth cause one to vomit strongly as the Hellebor or neesing pouder doth but yet without ieopardie or danger of life the seed purgeth by stoole The iuyce which is drawne from out of the branches steeped in water being first bruised is a remedie for those that are tormented with the Sciatica and for those that be troubled with the Squincie if a draught thereof be drunke in the morning some vse to steepe the branches in sea water and to giue the same in a clister which purgeth forth bloudy and slimie excrements CHAP. 20. Of Furzes Gorsse Whin or prickley Broome ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of prickly Broome called in our English tongue by sundry names according to the speech of the countrey people where they doe grow in some places Furzes in others Whins Gorsse and of some Prickly Broome Genista spinosa vulgaris Great Furze bush 2 Genista spinosa minor The small Furze bush ¶ The Description 1 THe Furze bush is a plant altogether a Thorne fully armed with most sharpe prickles without any leaues at all except in the spring and those very few and little and quickly falling away it is a bushy shrub often rising vp with many wooddy branches to the height of foure or fiue cubits or higher according to the nature and soile where they grow the greatest and highest that I did euer see do grow about Excester in the West parts of England where the great stalks are dearely bought for the better sort of people and the small thorny spraies for the poorer sort From these thorny branches grow little floures like those of Broome and of a yellow colour which in hot Regions vnder the extreme heate of the Sunne are of a very perfect red colour in the colder countries of the East as Danzicke Brunswicke and Poland there is not any branch hereof growing except some few plants and seeds which my selfe haue sent to Elbing otherwise called Meluin where they are most curiously kept in their fairest gardens as also our common Broome the which I haue sent thither likewise being first desired by diuers earnest letters the cods follow the floures which the Grauer hath omitted as a German who had neuer seen the plant it selfe but framed the figure by heare-say the root is strong tough and wooddy We haue in our barren grounds of the North parts of England another sort of Furze bringing forth the like prickley thornes that the others haue the onely difference consisteth in the colour of the floures for the others bring forth yellow floures and those of this plant are as white as snow 2 To this may be ioyned another kinde of Furze which bringeth forth certaine branches that be some cubit high stiffe and set round about at the first with small winged Lentill-like leaues and little harmelesse prickles which after they haue been a yeare old and the leaues gon be armed onely with most hard sharpe prickles crooking or bending their points downwards The floures hereof are of a pale yellow colour lesser than those of Broome yet of the same forme the cods are small in which do lie little round reddish seeds the root is tough and wooddy 3 Genista Spinosa minor siliqua rotunda Small round codded Furze 4 Genistella aculeata Needle Furze or petty Whin ‡ Of this Clusius reckons vp three varieties the first growing some cubit high with deepe yellow floures the second growes higher and hath paler coloured floures the third groweth to the height of the first the floures also are yellow the branches more prickly and the leaues hairy and the figure I giue you is of this third varietie 3 This seldome exceeds a foot in height and it is on euerie side armed with sharpe prickles which grow not confusedly as in the common sort but keepe a certaine order and still grow forth by couples they are of a lighter greene than those of the common Furze on the tops of each of the branches grow two or three yellow floures like those of the former which are succeeded by little round rough hairy cods of the bignesse of Tares This floures in March and groweth in the way between Burdeaux and Bayone in France and vpon the Pyrenean mountaines Clusius makes it his Scorpius 2. or second sort of Furze Lobel calls it Genista spartium spinosum alterum ‡ 4 This small kinde of Furze growing vpon Hampstead heath neere London and in diuers other barren grounds where in manner nothing else wil grow hath many weake and flexible branches of a wooddy substance whereon do grow little leaues like those of Tyme among which are set in number infinite most sharpe prickles hurting like needles whereof it tooke his name The floures grow on the tops of the branches like those of Broome and of a pale yellow colour The root is tough and wooddy ‡ 5 This plant saith Clusius is wholly new and elegant some span high diuided into many branches some spred vpon the ground others standing vpright hauing plentifull store of greene prickles the floures in shape are like those of Broome but lesse and of a blewish purple colour standing in rough hairy whitish cups two or three floures commonly growing neere together sometimes whilest it floures it sendeth forth little leaues but not very often and they are few and like those of the second described and quickly fall away so that the whole plant seemes nothing but prickles or like a hedge-hog when she folds vp her selfe the root is wooddy and large for the proportion of the plant It growes in the kingdome of Valentia in Spaine where the Spaniards call it Erizo that is the Hedge-hog and thence Clusius also termed it Erinacea It floureth in Aprill ‡ 5 Genista spinosa humilis Dwarfe
Thebarke fruit and gums of the Fir tree are of the nature of the Pitch tree and his gums ¶ The Vertues The liquid Rosin of the Fir tree called Turpentine looseth the belly driueth forth hot cholerick humours clenseth and mundifieth the kidnies prouoketh vrine and driueth forth the stone and grauell The same taken with Sugar and the pouder of Nutmegs cureth the strangurie staieth the Gonorrhoea or the inuoluntary issue of mans nature called the running of the rains and the white flux in women It is very profitable for all green and fresh wounds especially the wounds of the head for it healeth and clenseth mightily especially if it be washed in Plantaine water and afterward in Rose water the yolke of an egge put thereto with the pouders of Olibanum and Masticke finely searced adding thereto a little Saffron CHAP. 44. Of the Larch Tree ¶ The Description 1 THe Larch is a tree of no small height with a body growing straight vp the bark wherof in the nether part beneath the boughes is thicke rugged and full of chinks which being cut in sunder is red within and in the other part aboue smooth 〈◊〉 something whitewithout it bringeth forth many boughes diuided into other lesser branches which be tough and pliable The leaues are small and cut into many iags growing in 〈◊〉 thicke together like tassels which fall away at the approch of Winter the floures or rather the first shewes of the cones or fruit be round and grow out of the tenderest boughes being at the length of a braue red purple colour the cones be small and like almost in bignesse to those of the Cypresse tree but longer and made vp of a multitude of thin scales like leaues vnder which lie small seeds hauing a thin 〈◊〉 growing on them very like to the wings of Bees and wasps the substance of the wood is very hard of colour especially that in the midst somewhat red and very profitable for workes of long continuance 1 Laricis ramulus A branch of the Larch tree 2 Larix cum Agarico suo The Larch tree with his Agarick It is not true that the wood of the Larch tree tree cannot be set on fire as Vitruvius reporteth of the castle made of Larch wood which 〈◊〉 besieged for it burneth in chimneies and is turned into coles which are very profitable for Smithes as Matthiolus writeth There is also gathered of the Larch tree a liquid Rosin very like in colour and substance to the whiter hony as that of Athens or of Spaine which notwithstanding issueth not forth of it selfe but runneth out of the stocke of the tree when it hath been bored euen to the heart with a great and long auger and wimble Galen writeth that there be after a sort two kindes hereof in his 4. booke of Medicines according to the kinds one like vnto Turpentine the other more sharper than this hotter more liquid of a stronger smell and in taste bitterer and hotter but the later is thought not to be the Rosine of the Larch but of the Fir-tree which Galen because it is after a sort like in substance might haue taken for that of the Larch tree There groweth also vpon the Larch tree a kinde of Mushrum or excrescence not such as is vpon other trees but whiter softer more loose and spungie than any other of the Mushrums and good for medicine which beareth the name of Agaricus or Agaricke I find that Pliny supposeth all the Masticke trees and those that beare Galls do bring forth this Agaricum wherein he was somewhat deceiued and especially in that he took Glandifera for Conifera that is those trees which beare mast or Acornes for the Pine apple trees but among all the trees that beare Agaricus the Larch is the chiefe and bringeth most plenty of Agarick ¶ The Place The Larch tree groweth not in Greece or in Macedon but chiefely vpon the Alpes of Italy not far from Trent hard by the riuers Benacus and Padus and also in other places of the same mountaines it is likewise found on hils in Morauia which in times past was called the countrey of the Marcomans Fuchsius writeth that it groweth also in Silesia others in Lusatia in the borders of Poland it also groweth plentifully in the woods of Gallia Cesalpina Pliny hath said somewhat hereof contradicting the writings of others in his 16 book 8 chapter where he saith that specially the Acorne trees of France do beare Agaricke and not only the acorn trees but the Cone trees also among which saith he the Larch tree is the chiefe that bringeth forth Agaricke and that not onely in Gallia which now is called France but rather in Lumbardy and Piemont in Italy where there be whole woods of Larch trees although they be found in some smal quantitie in other countries The best Agarick is that which is whitest very loose and spungie which may easily be broken and is light and in the first taste sweet hard and well compact that which is heauy blackish and containing in it little threds as it were of sinewes is counted pernicious and deadly ¶ The Time Of all the Cone trees onely the Larch tree is found to be without leaues in the Winter in the Spring grow fresh leaues out of the same knobs from which the former did fall The cones are to be gathered before winter so soone as the leaues are gone but after the scales are loosed and opened the seeds drop away the Rosine must be gathered in the Sommer moneths ¶ The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Larix in Italian and Spanish Larice in high Dutch Lerchenbaum in low Dutch Lorkenboom in French Melese in English Larch tree and of some Larix tree The liquid Rosin is named by Galen also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines call it Resina Larigna or Resina Laricea Larch Rosin the Italians Larga the Apothecaries Terebinthina or Turpentine and it is sold and also mixed in medicines in stead thereof neither is that a thing newly done for Galen likewise in his time reporteth that the Druggers sold the Larch Rosine in stead of Turpentine and this may bee done without errour for Galen himselfe in one place vseth Larch Rosin for Turpentine and in another Turpentine for Larch Rosine in his booke of medicines according to the kindes The Agaricke is also called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Agaricum and Agaricus and so likewise in shops the Italians Spaniards and other nations do imitate the Greeke word and 〈◊〉 English we call it Agaricke ¶ The Temperature and Vertues The leaues barke fruit and kernell are of temperature like vnto the Pine but not so strong The Larch Rosin is of a moister temperature than all the rest of the Rosines and is withall without sharpnesse or biting much like to the right Turpentine and is fitly mixed with medicines which perfectly cure vlcers and greene wounds All
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the likenesse it hath with the leaues of the Laurell or Bay tree in Latine likewise Daphnoides the later Latinists for the same cause name it Laureola as though they should say Minor Laurus or little Laurell it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notwithstanding there is another Chamaedaphne and another Peplion This shrub is commonly called in English Spurge Laurell of diuers Laurell or Lowry So ne say that the Italians name the berries hereof Piper montanum or Mountaine Pepper as also the berries of Dutch Mezereon others affirme them to bee called in High Dutch also Zeilant It may be 〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉 for it is much like to a Mirtle in leafe it is also a branched plant tough and pliable hauing a deep root without smell with a blacke fruit ¶ The Temperature It is like in temperature and facultie to the Germane Spurge Oliue throughout the whole substance biting and extreme hot ¶ The Vertues The drie or greene leaues of Spurge Laurell saith Dioscorides purgeth by siege flegmaticke humors it procureth vomite and bringeth downe the menses and being chewed it draweth water out of the head It likewise causeth neezing moreouer fifteene graines of the seed thereof drunke are a purgation CHAP. 66. Of Rose Bay or Oleander ¶ The Description 1 ROse Bay is a small shrub of a gallant shew like the Bay tree bearing leaues thicker greater longer and rougher than the leaues of the Almond tree the floures be of a faire red colour diuided into fiue leaues not much vnlike a little Rose the cod or fruit is long like 〈◊〉 or Vincetoxicum and full of such white downe among which the seed lieth hidden the root is long smooth and wooddie 2 The second kinde of Rose bay is like the first differeth in that that this plant hath white floures but in other respects it is very like 1 Nerium sive Oleander The Rose Bay 2 Nerium flore albo The Rose Bay with white floures ¶ The Place These grow in Italy and other hot regions by riuers and the Sea side I haue them growing in my garden ¶ The Time In my garden they floure in Iuly and August the cods be ripe afterwards ¶ The Names This plant is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Nicander 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine likewise Nerion and also Rhododendron and Rhododaphne that is to say Rosea arbor and 〈◊〉 Laurus in shops Oleander in Italian Oleandro in Spanish Adelfa Eloendro and Alendro in French Rosagine in English Rose tree Rose Bay Rose Bay tree and Oleander ¶ The Temperature and Vertues This tree being outwardly applied as Galen saith hath a digesting facultie but if it be inwardly taken it is deadly and poisonsome not only to men but also to most kindes of beasts The floures and leaues kill dogs asses mules and very many of other foure footed beasts but if men drinke them in wine they are a remedy against the bitings of Serpents and the rather if Rue be added The weaker sort of cattell as sheep and goats if they drinke the water wherein the leaues haue been steeped are sure to die CHAP. 67. Of dwarfe Rose Bay ¶ The Description DWarfe Nerium or Rose Bay hath leaues which for the most part are alwaies green rough and small of a pale yellow colour like Box far lesser than Oleander the whole plant is of a shrubbie stature leaning this way and that way as not able to stand vpright without helpe his branches are couered and set full of small floures of a shining scarlet or crimson colour growing vpon 1 Chamaerhododendros Alpigena Dwarfe Rose Bay the hils as ye go from Trent to Verona which in Iune and Iuly are as it were couered with a scarlet coloured carpet of an odoriferous sauor and delectable aspect which being 〈◊〉 there commeth seed and faire berries like Asparagus ¶ The Place The place and time are expressed in the description ¶ The Names This may be called in English Dwarfe Rose Bay of the Alps. I find not any thing extant of the vertues so that I am constrained to leaue the rest vnto your owne discretion CHAP. 68. Of the Bay or Laurell tree ¶ The Description Laurus The Bay tree 1 THe Bay or Laurell tree commeth oftentimes to the height of a tree of a mean bignesse it is full of boughes couered with a greene barke the leaues thereof are long broad hard of colour greene sweetly smelling and in taste somwhat bitter the floures alongst the boughes and leaues are of a greene colour the berries are more long than round and be couered with a black rind or pill the kernell within is clouen into two parts like that of the Peach and Almond and other such of a browne yellowish colour sweet of smell in taste somewhat bitter with a little sharpe or biting qualitie 2 There is also a certaine other kinde hereof more like to a shrub sending forth out of the roots many offsprings which notwithstanding groweth not so high as the former and the barkes of the boughes be somewhat red the leaues be also tenderer and not so hard in other things 〈◊〉 vnlike These two Bay trees Dioscorides was not ignorant of for he saith that the one is narrow leafed and the other broader leafed or rather harder leafed which is more like ¶ The Place The Laurell or bay tree groweth naturally in Spaine and such hot regions we plant and set it in gardens defending it from cold at the beginning of March especially I haue not seene any one tree thereof growing in Denmarke Sweuia Poland Liuonia or Russia or in any of those cold countries where I haue trauelled ¶ The Time The Bay tree groweth greene winter and Sommer it floureth in the Spring and the black fruit is ripe in October ¶ The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laurus in Italian Lauro in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in low Dutch Laurus boome in French Laurier in Spanish Laurel Lorel and Loureiro in English Laurell or Bay tree The fruit is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lauri baccae in high Dutch Looerbeeren in low Dutch Bakeleer in Spanish Vayas in English Bay berries The Poets faine that it tooke his name of Daphne Lado his daughter with whom Apollo fell in loue ¶ The Temperature and Vertues The Berries and leaues of the Bay tree saith Galen are hot and very drie and yet the berries more than the leaues The barke is not biting and hot but more bitter and it hath also a certaine astrictiue or binding qualitie Bay Berries with Hony or Cute are good in a licking medicine saith Dioscorides against the 〈◊〉 or Consumption of the lungs 〈◊〉 of breathing and all kinde of fluxes or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the chest 〈◊〉 Berries taken in 〈◊〉 are good against the bitings and stingings of any venomous beast and against all venome and poison they clense away the morphew the
faculties that the Sesely of Marsilles hath whereunto I refer it CHAP. 77. Of the Elder tree ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of Elders some of the land and some of the water or marish grounds some with very jagged leaues and others with double floures as shall be declared ¶ The Description 1 THe common Elder groweth vp now and then to the bignesse of a meane tree casting his boughes all about and oftentimes remaineth a shrub the body is almost all wooddie hauing very little pith within but the boughes and especially the young ones which be iointed are full of pith within and haue but little wood without the barke of the body and great armes is rugged and full of chinks and of an ill fauoured wan colour like ashes that of the boughes is not very smooth but in colour almost like and that is the outward barke for there is another vnder it neerer to the wood of colour greene the substance of the wood is sound somewhat yellow and that may be easily cleft the leaues consist of fiue or six particular ones fastened to one rib like those of the Walnut tree but euery particular one is lesser nicked in the edges and of a ranke and 〈◊〉 smell The floures grow on spokie rundles which be thin and scattered of a white colour and sweet smell after them grow vp little berries greene at the first afterwards blacke whereout is pressed a purple juice which being boiled with Allom and such like things doth serue very well 〈◊〉 the Painters vse as also to colour vineger the seeds in these are a little flat and somewhat long There groweth oftentimes vpon the bodies of those old trees or shrubs a certaine 〈◊〉 called Auricula Iudae or Iewes 〈◊〉 which is soft blackish couered with a skin somewhat like now and then to a mans eare which being plucked off and dryed shrinketh together and becommeth hard This Elder groweth euery where and is the common Elder 2 There is another also which is rare and strange for the berries of it are not blacke but white this is like in leaues to the former 1 Sambucus The common Elder tree ‡ 2 Sambucus fructu albo Elder with white berries 3 The jagged Elder tree groweth like the common Elder in body branches shootes 〈◊〉 floures fruit and stinking smell and differeth onely in the fashion of the leaues which doth so much disguise the tree and put it out of knowledge that no man would take it for a kinde of Elder vntill he hath smelt thereunto which will quickely shew from whence he is descended for these strange Elder leaues are very much jagged rent or cut euen vnto the middle rib From the trunke of this tree as from others of the same kinde proceedeth a certaine fleshie excrescence like vnto the eare of a man especially from those trees that are very old 4 This kinde of Elder hath 〈◊〉 which are white but the berries redde and both are not contained in spokie rundles but in clusters and grow after the manner of a cluster of grapes in leaues and other things it resembleth the common Elder saue that now and then it groweth higher ¶ The Place The common Elder groweth euery where it is planted about 〈◊〉 burrowes for the shadow of the 〈◊〉 but that with the white berries is rare the other kindes grow in like places but that with the clustered fruit groweth vpon mountaines that with the jagged leaues groweth in my garden ¶ The Time These kindes of Elders do floure in Aprill and May and their fruit is ripe in September ¶ The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and of the Apothecaries Sambucus of 〈◊〉 Salicetus Beza in high Dutch Holunder Holder in low Dutch Ulier in Italian Sambuco in French Hus and 〈◊〉 in Spanish Sauco Sauch Sambugueyro in English Elder and Elder tree that with the white berries diuers would haue to be called Sambucus sylucstris or wilde Elder but Matthiolus calleth it Montana or mountaine Elder 3 〈◊〉 laciniatis folijs The iagged Elder tree 4 Sambucus racemosa vel 〈◊〉 Harts Elder or Cluster Elder ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Galen attributeth the like facultie to Elder that he doth to Danewoort and saith that it is of a drying qualitie gluing and moderatly digesting and it hath not only these faculties but others also for the 〈◊〉 leaues first buds 〈◊〉 and fruit of Elder do not only dry but also heate and haue withall a purging qualitie but not without trouble and hurt to the stomacke The leaues and tender crops of common Elder taken in some broth or pottage open the belly purging both slimie flegme and cholericke humors the middle barke is of the same nature but stronger and purgeth the said humors more violently The seeds contained within the berries dried are good for such as haue the dropsie and such as are too fat and would faine be leaner if they be taken in a morning to the quantity of a dram with wine for a certaine space The leaues of Elder 〈◊〉 in water vntill they be very soft and when they are almost boiled enough a little oile of sweet Almonds added thereto or a little Lineseed oile then taken forth and laid vpon a red cloath or a piece of scarlet and applied to the hemorrhoides or Piles as hot as can be suffered and so let to remaine vpon the part affected vntill it be somewhat cold hauing the like in a readinesse applying one after another vpon the diseased part by the space of an houre or more and in the end some bound to the place and the patient put warme a bed it hath not as yet failed at the first dressing to cure the said disease but if the Patient be dressed twice it must needs doe good if the first faile The greene leaues pouned with Deeres suet or Bulls tallow are good to be laid to hot swellings and tumors and doth asswage the paine of the gout The inner and greene barke doth more forcibly purge it draweth forth choler and waterie humors for which cause it is good for those that haue the dropsie being stamped and the liquor pressed out and drunke with wine or whay Of like operation are also the fresh floures mixed with some kinde of meat as fried with egges they likewise trouble the belly and moue to the stoole being dried they lose as well their purging qualitie as their moisture and retaine the digesting and attenuating qualitie The vinegar in which the dried floures are steeped are wholsome for the stomacke being vsed with meate it stirreth vp an appetite it cutteth and attenuateth or maketh thin grosse and raw humors The facultie of the seed is somewhat gentler than that of the other parts it also moueth the belly and draweth forth waterie humors being beaten to pouder and giuen to a dram weight being new gathered steeped in vineger and afterwards dried it is taken and that effectually in the like weight of the dried lees of
wine and with a few Anise seeds for so it worketh without any maner of trouble and helpeth those that haue the dropsie But it must be 〈◊〉 for certaine daies together in a little wine to those that haue need thereof The gelly of the Elder otherwise called 〈◊〉 eare hath a binding and drying qualitie the infusion thereof in which it hath bin steeped a few houres taketh away inflammations of the mouth and almonds of the throat in the 〈◊〉 if the mouth and throat be washed therewith and doth in like manner helpe the uvula Dioscorides saith that the tender and greene leaues of the Elder tree with barley meale parched do 〈◊〉 hot swellings and are good for those that are burnt or scalded and for such as be bitten with a mad dog and that they glew and heale vp hollow vlcers The pith of the young boughes is without qualitie This being dried and somewhat pressed or quashed together is good to lay vpon the narrow orifices or holes of fistula's and issues if it be put therein CHAP. 78. Of Marish or Water Elder 1 Sambucus aquatilis siue palnstris Marish or water Elder 2 Sambucus Rosea The Rose Elder ¶ The Description 1 MArish Elder is not like to the common Elder in leaues but in boughes it groweth after the manner of a little tree the boughes are couered with a barke of an ill fauoured Ash colour as be those of the common Elder they are set with ioints by certaine distances and haue in them great plenty of white pith therefore they haue lesse wood which is white and brittle the leaues be broad cornered like almost to Vine leaues but lesser and foster among which come forth spoked rundles which bring forth little floures the vttermost whereof alongst the borders be greater of a gallant white colour euery little one consisting of fiue leaues the other in the midst and within the borders be smaller and it floures by degrees and the whole 〈◊〉 is of a most sweet smell after which come the fruit or berries that are round like those of the common Elder but greater and of a shining red colour and blacke when they be withered 2 Sambucus Rosea or the Elder Rose groweth like an hedge tree hauing many knotty branches or shoots comming from the root full of pith like the common Elder the leaues are like the vine leaues among which come forth goodly floures of a white colour 〈◊〉 and dashed here and there with a light and thin Carnation colour and do grow thicke and closely compact together in quantitie and bulke of a mans hand or rather bigger of great beauty and sauoring like the floures of the Haw-thorne but in my garden there groweth not any fruit vpon this tree nor in any other place for ought that I can vnderstand 3 This kinde is likewise an hedge tree very like vnto the former in stalks and branches which are iointed and knotted by distances and it is full of white pith the leaues be likewise cornered the floures hereof grow not out of spoky rundles but stand in a round thicke and globed tuft in bignesse also and fashion like to the former sauing that they tend to a deeper purple colour wherin only the difference consists ¶ The Place Sambucus palustris the water Elder growes by running streames and water courses and in hedges by moist ditch sides The Rose Elder groweth in Gardens and the floures are there doubled by Art as it is supposed ¶ The Time These kindes of Elders do floure in Aprill and May and the fruit of the water Elder is ripe in September ¶ The Names The water Elder is called in Latine Sambucus aquatica and Sambucus palustris it is called Opulus and Platanus and also Chamaeplatanus or the dwarfe Plane tree but not properly Valerius Cordus maketh it to be Lycostaphylos the Saxons saith Gesner do call it Vua Lupina from whence Cordus inuented the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is named in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 holder and 〈◊〉 holder in low Dutch Swelcken and Swelckenhout of certaine French men Obiere in English Marish Elder and Whitten tree Ople tree and dwarfe Plane tree The Rose Elder is called in Latine Sambucus Rosea and Sambucus aquatica being doubtles a kind of the former water Elder the floures being doubled by art as we haue said it is called in Dutch 〈◊〉 Roose in English Gelders Rose and Rose Elder ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Concerning the faculties of these Elders and the berries of the Water Elder there is nothing found in any writer neither can we set downe any thing hereof of our owne knowledge CHAP. 79. Of Dane-Wort Wall-Wort or Dwarfe Elder ¶ The Description DAne-wort as it is not a shrub neither is it altogether an herby plant but as it were a Plant participating of both being doubtles one of the Elders as may appeare both by the leaues floures and fruit as also by the smell and taste Wall-wort is very like vnto Elder in leaues spoky tufts and fruit but it hath not a wooddie stalke it bringeth sorth only greene stalks which wither away in Winter these are edged and full of ioynts like to the yong branches and shoots of Elder the leaues grow by couples with distances wide and consist of many small leaues which stand vpon a thicke ribbed stalke of which euery one is long broad and cut in the edges like a saw wider and greater than the leaues of the common Elder tree at the top of the stalkes there grow tufts of white floures tipt with red with fiue little chiues in them pointed with blacke which turne into blacke berries like the Elder in the which be little long seed the root is tough and of a good and reasonable length better for Physicks vse than the leaues of Elder Ebulus siue Sambucus 〈◊〉 Dane-wort or dwarfe Elder ¶ The Place Dane-wort growes in vntoiled places neere common waies and in the borders of fields it groweth plentifully in the lane at Kilburne Abbey by London also in a field by S. Ioans neere Dartford in Kent and also in the high-way at old Branford townes end next London and in many other places ¶ The Time The floures are perfected in Sommer and the berries in Autumne ¶ The Names It is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is humilis Sambucus or low Elder it is called in Latine Ebulus and Ebulum in high-Dutch Attich in low-Dutch Adich in Italian Ebulo in French Hieble in Spanish Yezgos in English Wall-wort Dane-wort and dwarfe Elder ¶ The Temperature Wall-wort is of temperature hot and drie in the third degree and of a singular qualitie which Galen doth attribute vnto it to wast and consume and also it hath a strange and speciall facultie to purge by the stoole the roots be of greatest force the leaues haue the chiefest strength to digest and consume ¶ The Vertues The roots of Wall-wort boiled in 〈◊〉 and drunken are good against the dropsie for they purge downwards watery
Description 1 THere is often found among the Mushroms a certaine kinde of excrescence consisting of a jelly or soft substance like that of the Mushroms and therefore it may the more fitly be here inserted it riseth forth of the ground in forme like vnto Orobanche or the Broome-Rape and also in substance hauing a tender thicke tuberous or mis-shapen body consisting as it were of scales like teeth whereof it tooke his name of a dusty shining colour tending to purple The stalke riseth vp in the middle garnished with little gaping hollow floures like those of Satyrion on the outside of an ouerworne whitish colour the whole plant resembleth a rude forme of that gellie or slimie matter found in the fields which we 〈◊〉 the falling of stars the root is small and tender 2 There is also another sort hereof found not differing from the precedent the chiefe difference consisteth in that that this plant is altogether lesser ‡ and hath a root diuersly diuaricated like Corall white of colour full of juice and without any fibres annexed thereto ‡ in other respects like 1 Dentaria maior Mathioli Great Toothwoort or Lungwoort 2 Dentaria minor Little Lungwoort ¶ The Place These plants do grow at the bottome of Elme trees and such like in shadowie places I found it growing in a lane called East-lane vpon the right hand as ye go from Maidstone in Kent vnto Cockes Heath halfe a mile from the towne and in other places thereabout it doth also grow in the fields about Croidon especially about a place called Groutes being the land of a worshipfull Gentleman called Mr. Garth and also in a wood in Kent neere Crayfoot called Rowe or Roughhill 〈◊〉 groweth likewise neere Harwood in Lancashire a mile from Whanley in a wood called Talbot banke ¶ The Time They flourish in May and Iune ¶ The Names There is not any other name extant more than is set forth in the description ¶ The Temperature and Vertues There is nothing extant of the faculties hereof either of the ancient or later writers neither haue we any thing of our owne experience onely our countrie women do call it 〈◊〉 and do vse it against the cough and all other imperfections of the lungs but what benefit they reape thereby I know not neither can any of iudgement giue me further instruction thereof CHAP. 166. Of Saunders ¶ The Kindes THe ancient Greekes haue not knowne the sorts of Saunders Garcias and others describe three Album Rubrum and Pallidum which in shops is called Citrinum ¶ The Description 1 THe Saunders tree groweth to the bignesse of the Walnut-tree garnished with many goodly branches whereon are set leaues like those of the Lentiske tree alwaies greene among which come forth very faire floures of a blew colour tending to blacknesse after commeth the fruit of the bignesse of a Cherry greene at the first and blacke when it is ripe without taste and ready to 〈◊〉 downe with euery little blast of winde the timber or wood is of a white colour and a very pleasant smell 2 There is likewise another which groweth very great the floures and fruit agree with the other of his kinde the wood is of a yellowish colour wherein consisteth the difference ‡ 3 The third fort which wee call Red-Saunders is a very hard and sollid wood hauing little or no smell the colour thereof is very red it groweth not in those places where the other grow neither is the forme of the tree described by any that I know of it is frequently vsed to colour sauces and for such like vses ‡ ¶ The Place The white and yellow Saunders grow naturally and that in great aboundance in an Island called Timor and also in the East-Indies beyond the riuer Sanges or rather Ganges which the Indians call Hanga and also about Iaua where it is of better odour than any that groweth elsewhere The red Saunders growes within the riuer Ganges especially about Tanasarim and in the marrish grounds about Charamandell Auicen 〈◊〉 and most of the Mauritanians call it by a corrupt name Sandal in Timor Malaca and in places neere adioyning Chandama in Decan and Guzarate 〈◊〉 in Latine Sandalum and 〈◊〉 adding thereto for the colour album flauum or 〈◊〉 and rubrum that is white yellow and red Saunders ¶ The Time These trees which are the white and yellow Saunders grow 〈◊〉 Winter and Sommer and are not one knowne from another but by the Indians themselues who haue taken very certaine notes and markes of them because they may the more speedily distinguish them when the Mart commeth ¶ The Names Their names haue been susficiently spoken of in their descriptions ¶ The Temperature †Yellow and white Saunders are hot in the third degree and dry in the second The 〈◊〉 Saunders are not so hot †¶ The Vertues The Indians do vse the decoction made in water against hot burning agues and the ouermuch flowing of the menses Erisipelas the gout and all inflammations especially if it be mixed with the 〈◊〉 of Nightshade Housleeke or Purslane The white Saunders mixed with Rose water and the temples bathed therewith ceaseth the paine of the megrim and keepeth backe the flowing of humours to the eies Auicen affirmeth it to be good for all passions of the hart and maketh it glad and merry and therefore good to be put in collises iellies and all delicate meates which are made to strengthen and reuiue the spirits ‡ Red Saunders haue an astrictiue and strengthning facultie but are not cordiall as the other two they are vsed in diuers medicines and meates both for their facultie and pleasing red colour which they giue to them ‡ CHAP. 170. Of Stony wood or wood made Stones ¶ The Description AMong the wonders of England this is one of great admiration and contrarie vnto 〈◊〉 reason and capacitie that there should be a kinde of wood alterable into the hardnesse of a stone called Stonie wood or rather a kinde of water which hardneth wood and other things into the nature and matter of stones But we know that the workes of God are 〈◊〉 Lapideum siue in Lapides conuersum Stonie wood or wood made stones wonderfull if we doe but narrowly search the least of them which we dayly behold much more if we turne our eyes vpon those that are seldome seene and knowne but of a few and that of such as haue painfully trauelled in the secrets of Nature This strange alteration of nature is to be seene in sundry parts of England Wales through the qualities of some waters and earth which change such things into stone as do fall therein or which are of purpose for triall put into them In the North part of England there is a Well neere vnto Knaesborough which will change any thing into stone whether it be wood timber leaues of trees mosse leather gloues or such like There be diuers places in Bed ford shire Warwickshire and Wales where there is ground of
Marierome Makebate 1310 〈◊〉 448 Marigold and his kindes 739 Golden Marigolds 742 Corue 743 of 〈◊〉 751 Marsh 817 〈◊〉 293 Maruelious apples 363 Maruell of Peru 343 Master worts 1001 Blacke 978 Masticke and his tree 1432 Masticke Time 670 〈◊〉 Goats Marierome 671 Mast rree f. 〈◊〉 Matchwood i. Touchwood 〈◊〉 727 〈◊〉 and the kindes 41 42 43 1630 Mandeline 649 Maithes i. Mayweed Red 387 Meat Sumach 1474 〈◊〉 873 Meddicke 〈◊〉 1243 Fodder 1199 Mead sweet 1043 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1009 Saffron 157. 〈◊〉 1185. Grasse 2 Medlar 1453 Melon thistle 177 Melilote 1204 Melons 917 921 Mercurie 〈◊〉 332 Wilde 〈◊〉 English 329 Mercuries violets 448 Dutch Mezercou 1403 Bastard 〈◊〉 1495 Mew or Mcon 1052 〈◊〉 and his kindes 1072 Master 〈◊〉 827 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or shrub 〈◊〉 1304 Milke vetch 1242 〈◊〉 and his kindes 563 Blacke and white 1243 Millet 80 Millet grasse 6 〈◊〉 Spioenewort Milmountaine 560 Mint and his kindes 680 Water-mint Fish or Brooke Mint 684 Mountainemint 687 Mirtie and his kindes 1411 Mirobalane and his kindes 3500 Misseltoe or Mistletoo 1350 Mithridate mustard 262 Mithridate wolfes bane 969 Mocke-willow 1601 Mocke-priuet 1395. 1600 Moly or forcevers Garlicke 183 184 Molle Clusii Lobelii 1530 Money = wort 630 Moonewort and his kindes 405 464. 1132 Moone-ferue 1138 1139 Morrice 〈◊〉 of India 1545 Moore = grasse 1516 Morell or 〈◊〉 morell i. Nightshade Mosses and his kindes 1558 to 1563 Mosse Ferue i. Polypoby Sea mosse i. Corailine Mother = wort 705 652 Mother of time 570 Mouse care and his kinde 337 639 Mouse-taste 426 〈◊〉 and his kindes 1103 Mugwet i. Woodroose Petty Mugwet 1127 Mulberrie tree and his kindes 1507 Mulberrie 〈◊〉 tree 1509 Mulleine and his kindes 774 775 Wooddy 〈◊〉 i. French sage 767 Base Mulleme 782 Moth Mulleins 777 Woolly or Ethiopian Mulleine 779 Vetty 〈◊〉 782 Munkes hood 972 Bubarbe 391 Musks 941 Melons 917 Rose 1266 Mustard common 244 〈◊〉 262 〈◊〉 272 Murrein grasse i Scrophularia Much good 1016 Mushrums 1579 Tree Mushrum i. Touchwood 1584 N NAilewort 624 Nauelwort 529 〈◊〉 Nauill 529 Nauet gentle 236 Navew and his kindes 236 Navew Thorowwax 537 Neckwoed i. 〈◊〉 Neesing powder 441 Nenuphar i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nep soe Cat mint Neesing wort or Neesewort and his kinds 606. 607 Nettle and his kinds 706 Nettle tree 1493 Dead or blinde 〈◊〉 702 Neuer dying borage 797 Nicotian i. Tabacco Nigella and his kindes 1084 1985 Field or wilde 1087 Nightshade 339 340 Sleeping or deadly 339 340 Red 350 Inchanters 351 Tree 360 〈◊〉 wheat 66 Nosebeed i. yarrow Noone tide see Go to bed at Noone Nuts and his kindes 1438 1437 1441 1522 1547 〈◊〉 tree 1537 Indian Nut 1522 Spanish Nut 103 Mad nuts 1548 Purging or vomiting Nuts 1546 1547 Water nuts 823 O OCulus Christi i. wilde 〈◊〉 772 O 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Sea Lung-wort Oily Puise or Sesamum 1232 Oke and his kinds 1339 Ferne 1135 Of Jerusalem of Cappadocia or Para dice 〈◊〉 scarlet 1342 Great Holme oke 1344 Oltander 〈◊〉 Rose bay Oliue tree and his kindes 1392 1393 Oliue Spurge 1402 〈◊〉 verry i. 〈◊〉 Paris One blade i. one leafe 〈◊〉 and his kindes 169 Onion or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 97 Open arse i. 〈◊〉 Ople i. Marrish Elder Orach and his kindes 324 Stinking 328 Wilde 325 326 327 Orchanet i. Alkernet Orchis and his kindes 〈◊〉 to 228 Orengetrae 1463 Orenge bay 1613 Organy i wilde Marierome Goats Organy 668 Orobanch 1311 1312 Orobus i. bitter 〈◊〉 Orpine and his kindes 519 520 Orrice i. Floure-de-luce Osier 1389 Osmund the Water man i. Waterferne 1131 Indian 〈◊〉 85 Oats and his kindes 〈◊〉 Ote 〈◊〉 1173 〈◊〉 Rose 929 Oxe eye and his kindes 746 747 Oxe tongue i. Wilde Buglosle Great Oxeheale 979 Oxelips 780 P PAdelion 949 Paddocke stooles 1584 Paigles or 〈◊〉 and his kindes 80 781 Painted grasse 26 Palme tree see Datetree Palma Christi 120 and 466 Panax or Wound wort his kinds 〈◊〉 1003 1005 Pannicke and his kinds 84 852 Pannicke grasse 16 Small Pannicke grasse 16 Pansies or 〈◊〉 855 Paper reed 40 Parke leaues 544 Poore mans parmacety i. Shepheards Purse Passeworts 〈◊〉 Pratling parnell 788 Parsely and his kinds 1013 Breake stone 1594 Parsely piert i. 〈◊〉 Walter and his kinds 1014 Bastard or red Patsly 〈◊〉 Throughbored 〈◊〉 1024 Parsely knotted 1022 mountain 〈◊〉 hedge 1022 stone 〈◊〉 wild 1020 Garden wilde 〈◊〉 1025 Cow Parsney 〈◊〉 Passe floure or Passe velour 385 Passions i. Snakeweed Passion floure 1592 Pasque floure see Passe floure Pastell i. woad Patience i. Docke Paules Betony 629 Peach troe and his kindes 1447 Peach = wort i. dead 〈◊〉 Peare tree and his kindes 1456 Wilde 〈◊〉 1457 1458 Peason and his kindes 1219 1220 〈◊〉 ib. Square veluct 1198 Heach 〈◊〉 1237 Euerlasting 1229 Norfolke sea Pease 1251 Pease earthnut 1237 Pearle grasse 87 Pearle plant i. Gromill Pellamountaine 571 653 Pellitory of Spaine 758 False Pellitory 1001. 607 Pellitory of the wall 331 Penny grasse 1071 Penny Mountaine i. Wilde time Penny royall and his kindes 671 Peny wort or wall Penywort 529 Water Penywort 529 Sea Penny wort 532 Sheepes killing penuy grasse 529 Penny rot 1529 Pyony and his kindes 980 Pepon and his kindes 919 Pepper plant and his kindes 1538 Pepperwort i. Dittander Water Pepper i. Arsmart Wall and countrie 517 〈◊〉 called 〈◊〉 1541 Genny or Indian 366 Percep er 1594 〈◊〉 Plin. 1606 Pescod tree 〈◊〉 Anagyris 1427 Pestilent worts id est Water 〈◊〉 814 Peruiucle and his kindes 894 Biting or purging 888 S. Peters corne 73 S. Peters wort 542 Petty Cotty 644 Pety whin that is small Thorne broome 〈◊〉 i. butchers broome Pharaoh his figtree 1509 Pickepurse i. Sheepheards purse 〈◊〉 grasse i. Columbine 〈◊〉 foot 938 Pild corne i. Wilde oats 〈◊〉 i. Small 〈◊〉 Pimpernell and his kindes 617 Water Pimpernell 620 Sea Pimpernell 622 Pinkes and his kindes 597. 599 Pincke needle i. Musked storkes bill Pine tree and his kindes 1355 White and blew 〈◊〉 1299 Pisse a or pisse in bed 291 Pitch tree 1354 Pitch or stinking 〈◊〉 1187 〈◊〉 Clauer 1206 Plantaine and his kindes 419. 420. 422 423. Water and his kindes 417 Sea 423 Sea Buckhorne 425 Wilde sea 426 Plantaine a fruit 1516 Plane tree 1489 Dwarfe i. Marsh elder Plowmans spickward 790 Plums and his kindes 1497 Pockwood 1611. 1495 Poets Rosemary 1293 Pole reed 36 Poley and his kindes 653. 654 〈◊〉 of the wall 1132 Polypody of the Oke 〈◊〉 Powander 〈◊〉 or bastard 〈◊〉 1397 Pomecitron 1464 Pomegranate tree 1451 Pompion 919 Wilde Pompion 922 Pondweed and his kindes 821 822 Knights Pondwort 826 Pooremans 〈◊〉 i. Garlicke Poplar and his kindes 1486 Wilde Poppy 400 Sea or horned 367 Bostard wilde 373 Spatling or frothy 679 Poppy and his kindes 369 〈◊〉 521 Portingale trefoile 1189 Potatoes 925 〈◊〉 927 White Potherbe 311 Sheepheards Poutch 276 Prickmadame and his kindes 412 Prick timber or prick wood tree 1468 Prickly box 1332 Pricket 517 Priests Pintle 834 Primrose 〈◊〉 and his kindes that is
a 〈◊〉 Primrose with the red floures and primrose with the white 783 Tree Primrose 475 Priuate or Prim print 1394 Mocke 1395 Bastard 1397 Fruitelesse 1398 Prunell 632 Pudding grasse i. Pennyroyall Pudding pipe 1431 Puffe fists 1584 Puliall Mountaine 572 〈◊〉 from 1209 to 1253 Purslane 521 〈◊〉 524 Water Purstane 614 Purple moth 〈◊〉 778 Purple wort 1199 Sheepheards purse 276 Q QUacsaluers spurge 503 Quacksaluers 〈◊〉 500 Quakers or quaking grasse 86 Queenes Gillofloures 463 Queene of the Medows that is 〈◊〉 Queene Mother herbe i. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quickbeane and quickentree i. Wilde ash 1473 Quickly gone floure id est Uenice Mallow Quichgrasse i Dogs grasse 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 Quince 〈◊〉 1452 R RAbone 〈◊〉 Radish Racket i. Rocket Radish and his kindes 237. 238 Horse or mountaine 241 Rapwort 280 〈◊〉 241 Raisons of the Suune 877 Rampions and his kindes 454 Ramsons 179 Ram of 〈◊〉 i. Christs thorne Ram or Harts thorne 1334 Ram Laxatiue 1337 Ramps 835 Rape and his kindes 232 Rape Crowfoot 953 Rape Broome see Drobanch Rape Cole 318 Raspes or Frambales and his kindes 1272 Yellow Rattle or White Rattle 1071 Red Rattle or Rattle grasse 1072 Red Cole 313 Red Curans 1593 Reed and his kindes 36. 37 Reeds mace i. 〈◊〉 Reedegrasse i. But Reed Reed wilde 7 Thorny of Peru 1179 Sweet i. Calamus Aromaticus 63 Sweet or 〈◊〉 38 Red ray i. 〈◊〉 Rest harrow 1323 Rhein 〈◊〉 1337 Ribwort and his kindes 422 Rocket 247 Rock Rose 1595. 1596 Sheepheards Rod that is Wilde 〈◊〉 Rogation floure 564 Romane Beanes 1216 Romaine Pease 1221 Rose and his kindes from 1259 to 1270 Rose Bay or Rose Bay tree 1406 Dwarfe Rose Bay 477. 1407 Rose 〈◊〉 1425 English Rose Willow 1390 Rose wood 1624 Ros solis i. Sundeaw 1556 Wilde Rose 1269 Rosewort er roseroot 532 Water Rose see water 〈◊〉 Winter see Hollyhocke Campion 467 Wilde Campion 469 Ruby 387 Rosemary and his kindes 1292 White Rot 〈◊〉 Red Rot i. 〈◊〉 1556 Roote of the holy Ghost 999 〈◊〉 1221 Rubarbe and his kindes 393. 499 〈◊〉 Rubarbe 391 Bastard Rubarbe 391 English Bastard Rubarbe 1252 Ruddes i. Marigolds Rue and his kindes 1255 Wall Rue or Rue Maiden haire 1144 Rupture wort 569. 1594 Rush Sea grasse 44 Rushleeke or sweth 176 Common Rush 〈◊〉 Bull or water Rush 34 Sharpe or hard Rush 35 Rush Daffodill 〈◊〉 his kindes 129 Rush grasst 4 Rushy sea grasse 21 Ryce 79 Rye and his kindes 68 S SAffron and his kindes from 151 to 157 〈◊〉 Saffron 152. 153 c. Bastard Saffron and his kindes 1170 Wilde Bastard 1171 Sage and his kindes 764. 〈◊〉 Sage Rose and his kindes 1275. 1276 French Sage looke Verbascum Matthioli 767 Sage Mullein ib. Sage of Ierusalem 808 Sage of Bethlem ib. Saligot or 〈◊〉 nuts and his kindes 823 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and his kindes 〈◊〉 904 905 Salt wort and his kindes looke Sea Grape 〈◊〉 Blacke Saltwort 562 Sallow see willow 1390 Sampier and his 〈◊〉 533 Sandeuer 535 Sandwoort 428 Sanicle and his kindes 948 Neesewort Sanicle 949 Mountaine or 〈◊〉 Sanicle 788 〈◊〉 parilla 859 〈◊〉 consound or Saracens Countrey or woundwoort 429 Saracens Birthwoort 847 〈◊〉 or ague tree 1525 Sattin or Sattin floure and his kindes 464 Satyreon and his kinds from 205 to 128 Sauory and his kindes 575. 576 Sauin and his kindes 1376 Sawce Sumach 1474 Saunders tree 1586 Saucealone i. Iacke by the hedge Saucewoort 713 English Saxifrage 1047 Burnct Saxifrage 1044 White and golden Saxifrage 847 Saxifrage of the Ancients 604 Scabious and his kindes 719 and so to 725 Siluer Scabious 730 〈◊〉 or stony 〈◊〉 1136 Scabwoort i. Elecampane Scammony and his kindes 866 Scariole 283 Scarlet Oke 1342 〈◊〉 grasse i. Wilde cresses 〈◊〉 43 Close Scienses i. Dames violets Shepheards Scrip 276 Scorpion grasse and his kindes 337. 338 Scordium i. water 〈◊〉 661 〈◊〉 736 〈◊〉 = grasse i. Spoonewort 401 Scottish Scuruie grasse 838 Sea 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 ib. Sea Feather 1616 Sea Fan 1617 Sea 〈◊〉 171 Sea Lentill 1615 Sea Spskegrasse 20 Sea dogs grasse 25 Sebesten or 〈◊〉 plumme 1499 Selfe heale and his kindes 632 〈◊〉 bush 1297 Bastard Sene or Sene tree 1299 Sengreene 510 Water 〈◊〉 826 Field Senuie Mustard Sensitiue herbe 1599 Serpents tongue see 〈◊〉 tongue Seraptas stones 222. 223 c. Seruice tree 1471 Wilde Seruice tree 1473 〈◊〉 or bastard 〈◊〉 493 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 pulse 1232 〈◊〉 i. Hartwoort 1050 〈◊〉 of Candy ib. Mountaine Setwall i. Nardus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 Setter grasse 976 Setterwort ib. Setwall 1076. 1076. 1077 Shadow grasse see woodgrasse Shane grasse i. 〈◊〉 Sharewort 490 Shepheards needle 1040 Shepheards purse scrip or pouch 276 〈◊〉 grasse 7 〈◊〉 tree 1509 〈◊〉 see Bugle 〈◊〉 mountaine 1048 〈◊〉 Sumach 1476 Siluer 〈◊〉 and his kindes 730 Siluer Thistle 1149 Siluer weed id est Wilde Tansie 993 Sinkfield 987. 988 Skirtwort 1026 Ladies 〈◊〉 443 〈◊〉 1497 Smallage and his kindes 1015 Small hard grasse 4 Garden Smilax 1211 Snake weed and his kindes 399 of Uirginia 848 Snakes Buglosse 802 Snakes Garlicke 181 Snaile 〈◊〉 1199 〈◊〉 and his kindes 549 〈◊〉 606. 607 Souldiers Yarrow 1074 〈◊〉 fooles and his kindes 147 148 〈◊〉 wort and his kindes 444 Sorbe tree and his kindes 1471 〈◊〉 and his kindes 397. 398 Sorrell du Bois 1202 Sorrowfull 〈◊〉 1527 Sothern wood and his kindes 1105 Sowbread and his kindes 843. 844 Southistle and his kindes 292 Spanish broome or Spanish base broomes 1314 Sparrowes tongue i. 〈◊〉 also see 554 Sparrowes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 554 Speare for a King 94 〈◊〉 and his kindes 961 Speare Crowfoot 961 Speed well looke Fluellen 627 〈◊〉 and his kindes 69 〈◊〉 i. Hankeweed Sperage i. asparagus Sporage Beanes i. French Beanes Spicknell 1052 Bastard 〈◊〉 ib. Spiderwort 57. 58. 59 Spiked 〈◊〉 grosse 13 Spike 〈◊〉 grasse 22 Spignell i. Bald mony 1052 Water Spike 821 822 Spiknard 1080 Rough or wilde Spleenewort 1140 Spinage and his kindes 〈◊〉 Spindel tree 1468 Spleenewoort and his kindes 1140. 1141 Spurg and his kindes 497 to 505 Heath spurge 1595. 1596 Spurgwoort 〈◊〉 stinking gladin Spurge Oliue or widow 〈◊〉 1402 Germaine oliue spurg 1403 Spurge flax or mountaine widdow 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spurge Laurell 1405 Squill i. 〈◊〉 Onion 171 Squinanth 43 Staffe tree 1600 Stagerwort or Stauerwoort see Ragwort Standergrasse i. Dogs Cullions Starch corne 69 Starchwort 834 Sea starwort 413 Starre 〈◊〉 1166 Staues acre 495 Starwort or Sharewort and his kindes 490 491. 492 Stars of Bethlehem 165 Starres of Ierusalem id est Iosephs floure Staechados and his kindes 585 Golden 〈◊〉 646 Stichwort 47 Stocke Gillofloures and his kindes 456 Stone 〈◊〉 1203 Stonecrop 517 Stone hore i. stone Pepper or stone Crop 517 White and golden stonebreake 841 Stonywood that is turned to a stone 1587 Storkes bill and his kindes 938. 939. 940 〈◊〉 Storkesbill 941 〈◊〉 Storkesbill 945 Storax tree 1526 Straked grasse 26 Strangle Weed and strangle tare i. 〈◊〉 Strawberry and his kindes 997 Strawberry tree or 〈◊〉 tree 1496 Strawberry bay 1602 Stabwort i.
Lychnis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crow 〈◊〉 Herbe 〈◊〉 Chamaepitys Henbell Henbake 〈◊〉 Hedera terrestris Herbe 〈◊〉 Hemlocke Herbe Peter 〈◊〉 Herba martis 〈◊〉 Hertelowre Chamaedryos Hertwort Fraxinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mountaine Hippia maior common Pimpernel Holy rope wilde Pempc 〈◊〉 Solanum Horewort Filago Horsechire Germander Horseheale 〈◊〉 Horse 〈◊〉 wilde 〈◊〉 Honesty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Enula campana Horsemint Watermint Huiwort Polium 〈◊〉 Ambrosia I IAcca alba wilde or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Imbrecke Housleeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pin double 〈◊〉 K KAndlegosts Goosegrasse Kings crowne 〈◊〉 King cob or King cup is Crowfoot Kisse me 〈◊〉 I 〈◊〉 Pansies Kidney wort 〈◊〉 wort L 〈◊〉 Helleborus albus Little Wale is 〈◊〉 Lichwort is Pellitory of the wall Longwort Pellitory of Spains Lilly 〈◊〉 Moly Lilly 〈◊〉 Pennyroyall Lodewort water Crowfoot Lousewort Staphisacre Lustwort is Sundew Lyngwort 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 M 〈◊〉 Motherwort Palma Christi May blossomes Conual Lillies Mawroll White Horehound 〈◊〉 or Mathes Coiula 〈◊〉 March Smallage March beetle Cats 〈◊〉 Meedles Arage 〈◊〉 Pimpernel Morel Nightshade 〈◊〉 Orobus 〈◊〉 woodroose N NEle Lollium Nespite 〈◊〉 Nep 〈◊〉 mint Nosebleed Yarrow O 〈◊〉 Orpin Oxan 〈◊〉 Oxtongue Lingua bouis P PAgle 〈◊〉 Palme de Dieu Palma Christi 〈◊〉 Mercury Pastell 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 niger Peters 〈◊〉 Tapsus barbatus Peuterwort Horsetaile Pimentary Bauline Powkneedle 〈◊〉 bill 〈◊〉 Ligustrum Pygie Gramen Leucanthemum R RAms foot is water Crowfoot Red knees is Hydropiper Robin in the hose is Lychnis 〈◊〉 Rods gold is Marigold S Scab wort is Enula Campana 〈◊〉 Docke is Branke vrsine Seggrom is Ragwort Selfe heale was sometimes called 〈◊〉 Sheep killing is Cotyledon aquatica Sleepewort is 〈◊〉 Staggerwort and Stauerwort is Iacobea Stanmarch is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 S. Maries seed is Sow 〈◊〉 seed Small honesty in Pinks Somerwort is Aristolochia Stike pile is Storks bill 〈◊〉 is Palma Christi Stohwort is Oxys Sparrow tongue is 〈◊〉 grasse Stonnord and Stonchore is 〈◊〉 Stubwort is Woov 〈◊〉 Swines grasse is 〈◊〉 grasse Swine Carss is Knot grasse Swichen is Groundswell Sowdwort is Columbine T 〈◊〉 is wilde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is wilde Parsnep Tetterwort is great 〈◊〉 Toothwort is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clymenum Italorum W WAiwort is 〈◊〉 which was sometime called Filipendula Warence is Madder Warmot is Wormwood Waywort is Pimpernell 〈◊〉 is Plantago Waywort is Hippia maior Waterwort is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 White Bothen is great Daisy 〈◊〉 Sauager is Cockle Wilve Nardus is Asarum White Golds is great Dassy Wood march is Sanicit Wood sower is Oxys 〈◊〉 is Fraxinus Woodnep is Ameos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Chamaeleon 〈◊〉 is Vaccinea Wymot is Ibiscus Wit is 〈◊〉 Y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Z 〈◊〉 was counted Satyrion minor and is that which Lobel calleth 〈◊〉 soemina pratensis A Catalogue of the British Names of Plants sent me by Master Robert Dauyes of Guissaney in Flint-Shire A ANet Dill. Aurddanadl Red Archangell Nettles Aúrvanadl vide Hwb yr ychen B BAnadyl Broome Banatlos Furze Berw yr Frengie 〈◊〉 Berw yr 〈◊〉 water Cresses Bedwen a Birch tree Biattus Beets Blaen yr Ywrch Mercury Blaen y gwayw Spearewort Bleidd dug Wolfes bane Brialbv Mair Cowslips Brwynen a Rush. Bylwg Cockle or field 〈◊〉 Bvst yly Ddayar Centorie C Carn yr ebol Folefoot Cas gan gytbrel Veruaine Cacamweej Burre Caliwlyn y 〈◊〉 Agrimonie Cancwlwm Knot grasse Camamill Camomil 〈◊〉 Oats Cennin Leekes Cennin Pedr. Daffodill 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Horsetaile Cegid Hemlocke Celynen Holly Cbwerwlys yr kithin Wood 〈◊〉 Clust yr ewie Laurell 〈◊〉 Gillofloures Clustiev yr Derw vide Galladr Clust llygoden Mouse eare Claiarlys y dwr Brookelime Coed Ceri Seruice tree Cowarcb Hempe Cower y llaeth Caliwlyn y mél Coed kirin Plum trees Corsen a Poole reed Cribe y Bleiddiev v. Cacamwcci Craith vnnes Prunel or Selfe heale Crafankc y vrán Crowfoot Cribe san Fraid Betony Cynglennydd white Mullen Cynson y Celioc Setwell D DAil y gwaed Penny royall Danadl Nettles Danadlen wenu White Archangell Nettle 〈◊〉 y 〈◊〉 Dandelcon Danadien ddall dead Nettle E EBolgarn yr ardd Assarabacca 〈◊〉 Darnell Eiddew Iuy Eiddew y ddayar ground Iuy Eldral ground Iuy Eithin yr ieir v. Hwb yr ychen Erienlys S Iohns wort Erbin Calamint 〈◊〉 bastard Partley F FA. Beanes Fenich y Cwn wild Cammomil Fenich Fenell Fettes Fitches G GAlladr Lungwort like Liuerwort Garllec Garlicke Glesyn y 〈◊〉 Bugle Gladyn Gladiol or Corne Flag Geltudrem v. Llysie Ewsras Gold Mair Marigold Gruc v. Banatlos Grayanllys y dwr Brooke lime Gwlydd small Chickweed Gwlydd Mair Pimpernell Gwenynddail Gwenynoc Balme Gxyddsyd Woodbind or Honisuckle Gwden y Coed Smooth Bindewood Gwallt gwener Venus 〈◊〉 Gwallt y forwyn Maiden haire Gwayw yr Brenbin Daffodil Gwenith Wheat Gwinwydden Vine H HAd y gramandi Gromel Haidd Barly Hese 〈◊〉 Water Torch of 〈◊〉 Hoccyr Mallowes Hoccys y gors Marish Mallowes Hwb yr ychen Camock or rest harrow LL LLaeth 〈◊〉 Mair Sage of Ierusalem Llaulys Stauesacre Llawenllys Borage Llewic ychwannen v. y Benselen Llewic yr idr Henbane Llewpard dûg Aconltum Llysie Ivan Mugwort Llysie llwydion v 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Llysie llewelyn Pauls Betony Llysie y wennel Celandine Llym y llygaid v. Llysie y wennol Llysie Effras Eycbright Llysie yr Crymman v. Gwylydd Mair Llysie 〈◊〉 vide Dyars weed Llysie pen 〈◊〉 Housleeke Llysie yr gwaedlin Yarrow or Milfoile Llysie Mair vide Gold mair Llysie Amor. Floure gentle Llygaid y Dydd Daisies Llysie yr pwdin v. Dail y gwatd Llysie yr gâth v. Erbin Llysie y Blaidd v. Bleid 〈◊〉 Llysie y 〈◊〉 Nightshade Llysit y Cribev Teasell Llysie Simion v. Cas gan gytbrel Llysie yr Cyrph Periwinckle Llysie Eva. Sea banke horne Lyriaid y mor. Sea banke horne Llysie yr meddyglyn wilde Carrot Llwysen Elme tree Llwynlys Seuruy grasse M MAfon Raspis Marchalan Elecampane 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polypody Oke Ferne Maip Turneps March ysgaly gerddi Artichoke Mesys Strawberries Menig ellyllion Fox gloues 〈◊〉 Iuniper tree 〈◊〉 y 〈◊〉 Right 〈◊〉 Mintas Mints Moron Parsneps Moron y 〈◊〉 wilde Parsneps Mwg y ddayar Fumetory Mwssogl Mosse Mynawyd y bigail Storks bill N Nyddoes Spinage O 〈◊〉 an Ash tree P PAwen yr Arth. Beares breech Padere Mair Crossewort 〈◊〉 y dwr water Parsley Persli Frengic Smallage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 v. Menic 〈◊〉 Pidni y goc Aron or Cuckow pint Poerlys v. y 〈◊〉 Poplys a Poplar Pwrs y Bigail Shepheatds purse 〈◊〉 y 〈◊〉 Tares R RHedyn Ferne. Rhedegat y 〈◊〉 v. Galladr Rbúg Rie Rbosyn a Rose S SAeds 〈◊〉 v. 〈◊〉 Siwdrmwt Sothernwood Siaccked y 〈◊〉 v. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sirian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fair. English Galingall Sowdl y Crydd v. 〈◊〉 yr yiwrch Suran y 〈◊〉 wood Sorrell Suran Sorrell Sysi v. Mesys T TAsod y 〈◊〉 Dogs tongue Tasod y neidr Adders tongue Tasod yr bydd Harts tongue Tafol a Docke Tafol 〈◊〉 Bistort Tagaradr v. Hwb yr ychen Tafod yr edn Birds tongue Tafod yr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Telepbin Orpin Tormaen Filipendula Tryw v. 〈◊〉 y mél Troed y glomen Columbine 〈◊〉 tylodion Tormentilla Troed y dryw Parsley Breakstone or smal Saxifrage Triacly Cymro Germander Troed yr bedydd Larke 〈◊〉 W 〈◊〉 v. 〈◊〉 yr