the Horsse bee so sore pained as he cannot swallow downe his meate it shall bee good to giue him lukewarme water mingled with Barly meale or wheat meale and besides that to make him swallow downe seuen sops sopped in wine one after another at one time some vse at the second time to dip such sops in sweet sallet oile Thus far Vegetius Of the Pestilent Ague IT seemeth by Laurentius Russius that Horsses be also subiect to a pestilent feuer which almost incureable Blundevile is called of him Infirmitas Epidimialis that is to say a contagious and pestiferous disease whereof there dyed in one yeare in Rome aboue a thousand Horses which as I take it came by some corruption of the aire whereunto Rome in the chiefe of Summer is much subiect or else corrupt humors in the body ingendered by vnkinde food by reason perhaps that the City was then pestered with more horse-men then there could be conueniently harbored or fed Laurentius himselfe rendereth no cause therof but onely sheweth signes how to know it which be these The Horsse holdeth down his head eateth little or nothing his eyes waterish and his flanks doe continually beat The cure First giue him this glister Take of the pulpe of Coloquintida one ounce of Dragantum one ounce and a halfe of Centuary and Wormwood of each one handfull of Castoreum halfe an ounce boile them in water then being strained dissolue therein of Gerologundinum sixe ounces of salt an ounce and a halfe and halfe a pound of Oyle oliue and minister it lukewarme with a horne or pipe made of purpose Make also this plaister for his head take of Squilla fiue ounces of Elder of Castoreum of Mustard seed and of Euforbium of each two ounces dissolue the same in the iuyce of Daffodill and of Sage and laie it to the Temples of his head next vnto his eares or else giue him any of these three drinks heere following take of the best Triacle two or three ounces and distemper it in good wine and giue it him with a horne or else let him drinke euery morning the space of three daies one pound or two of the iuyce of Elder rootes or else giue him euery morning to eate a good quantity of Venus haire called of the Latines Capillus Veneris newly and fresh gathered but if it be old then boile it in water and giue him the decoction thereof to drink with a horne Martins opinion and experience touching a Horsses Feuer THough Martin haue not seene so many seuerall kindes of feuers to chance to Horsses Blundevile yet he confesseth that a Horsse will haue a feauer and saith that you shal know it by these signes For after the Horsse hath beene sicke two or three daies if you looke on his tongue you shall see it almost raw and scalt with the heate that coms out of his body and he wil shake and tremble reele and stagger when his fit commeth which fit wil keepe his due howers both of comming and also of continuance vnlesse you preuent it by putting the horsse into a heat which would be done so soone as you see him begin to tremble either by riding him or tying vp his Legs and by chasing him vp and downe in the stable vntil he leaue shaking and then let him be kept warm and stand on the bit the space of two houres that done you may giue him some hay by a little at once and giue him warme water with a litle ground mault twice a day the space of three or foure daies and once a day wash his tongue with Alom water vineger and Sage But if you see that all this preuailes not then purge him with this drinke after that he hath fasted al one night Take of Aloes one ounce of Agaricke halfe an ounce of Lycoras and Annis seedes of each a dram beaten to powder and let him drinke it with a quart of white wine lukewarme and made sweet with a little Hony in the morning fasting and let him be chafed a little after it and be kept warme and suffered to stand on the bit meatlesse two or three houres after and he shall recouer his health againe quickly Of sicknesse in generall and the Feuer IN general sicknes is an opposit foe to nature warring against the agents of the body and minde seeking to confound those actions which vphold and maintaine the bodies strength and liuely-hood Markham Who coueteth to haue larger definition of sicknesse let him reade Vegesius Rusius or excellent Maister Blundiuile who in that hath bin admirably well-deseruing plainefull For mine owne part my intent is to write nothing more then mine own experience and what I haue approued in Horsses diseases most auaileable and first of the Feuer or Ague in a Horsse though it bee a disease seldome or not at all noted by our Mechannicall Horsse Farriors who cure many times what they know noâ— and kill wher they might cure knew they the cause yet I haue my selfe seene of late both by the demonstrate opinions of others better learned and by the effects of the disease some two Horses which I dare auouch were mightily tormented with a Feauer though diuers Leeches had thereof giuen diuers opinions one saying it was the bots by reason of his immoderate languishment another affirmed him to be bewitcht by reason of his great shaking heauinesse and sweating but I haue found it and approued it to be a Feuer both in effect nature and quality the cure whereof is thus for the originall cause of a Feuer is surfet breeding putrifaction in the blood then when his shaking beginneth take three new laide Egges breake them in a dish and beate them together then mixe thereto fiue or sixe spoonefuls of excellent good Aqua vitae and giue it him in a horne then bridle him and in some Close or Court chafe him til his shaking cease and he beginne to sweat then set him vp and cloath him warme And during the time of his sicknesse giue him no water to drinke but before he drinke it boile therein Mallowes Sorrell Purslaine of each two or three handfuls As for his foode let it bee sodden Barly and now and then a little Rye in the sheafe to clense and purge him chiefely if he be drye inwardly and grow costiue This I haue proued vneffectlesse for this disease and also much auaileable for any other inward sicknesse proceeding either of raw digestion too extreame riding or other surfet Diuers haue written diuersly of diuers Agues and I coulde prescribe receiptes for them but since I haue not been experimented in them al I meane to omit them intending not to exceede mine owne knowledge in any thing Of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a contagious disease proceeding as Pelagonius saith somtime of ouermuch labour heate colde hunger aad sometime of sudden running after long rest or of the retention or holding of stale or vrine Blundevile or of drinking colde water whiles the Horsse
faire water vntil the barly begin to burst and boile therewith of bruised Licoras of Annis-seedes or Raisins of each one pound then straine it and to that liquor put of hony a pinte and a quarterne of Sugar candy and keepe it close in a pot to serue the horse therwith foure seuerall mornings and cast not away the sodden barly with the rest of the strainings but make it hot euery day to perfume the horse withal being put in a bag and tyed to his hed and if the horse will eat of it it shal do him the more good And this perfuming in winter season would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the Sun is of some height to the intent the horse may be walked abroad if the Sun shine to exercise him moderatly And vntill his cough weare away faile not to giue him warm water with a little ground mault And as his cough breaketh more and more so let his water euery be lesse warmed then other Of the dry cough THis seemeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing hard to the hollow places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind-pips so as the horse cannot easily draw his breath and if it continue it wil either grow to the pursick or else breake his wind altogether The signs be these He wil cough both often drily and also vehemently without voiding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen pot and put therein three pints of strong vineger and foure egs shels and all vnbroken and foure Garlike heads cleane pilled and bruised and set the pot being very close couered in some warme dunghill and there let it stand a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the egges which will be so soft as silke and lay them by vntill you haue strained the Garlike and Vineger through a faire cloath then put to that liquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugarcandy and two ounces of Lycoras and two ounces of Annis-seedes beaten al into fine powder And then the Horsse hauing fasted al the night before in the morning betwixt seuen and eight of the clocke open his mouth with a cord and whorle therein one of the egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediately poure in after it a horneful of the aforesaide drinke being first made lukewarme and cast in another egge with another horne full af drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vp all the egges and drunke vp all the drinke and then bridle him and couer him with warmer cloathes then he had before and bring him into the stable and ther let him stand on the bit at the bare rack wel littered vp to the belly the space of two houres Then vnbit him and if it be in winter offer him a handfull of wheaten straw if in summer giue him grasse and let him eat no hay Blundevilâ— vnlesse it be very wel dusted and sprinkled with water and giue him not much thereof And therefore you shal need to giue him the more prouender which also most be wel clensed of al filth and dust and giue him no water the space of 9. daies And if you perceiue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in winter purge him with these pilles Take of lard two pound laid in water two houres then take nothing but the cleane fat thereof and stamp it in a morter and thereto put of Licoras of Annis-seeds of Fenegreeke of each beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agerick one ounce Knead these together like paast and make thereof six bals as big as an egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer night giue him the next morning these pilles one after another anointed with hony and oile mingled together in a platter and to the intent he may swallow them down whether he wil or not when you haue opened his mouth catch hold of his tong and hold it fast while you whirle in one of the pilâ— that done thrust it into his throat with a roling-pin then let his tongue go vntill he hath swallowed it downe then giue him in like manner all the rest of the pilles and let him stand on the bit warme cloathed and littered the space of three houres at the least and after that giue him a little wet hay and warme water with a little ground mault in it to drinke and let him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weeke And now and then in a faire sunny day it shall be good to trot him one houre abroad to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs THis proceedeth as Absirtus and Theomnestus saith either of an extreame cough or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greedy drinking after great thirst for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin filme or skin and therefore easie to be broken which if it be not cured in time doth grow to apostumation and to corruption oppressing all the lungs which of old Authors is called Vomica and Suppâ—ratio But Theomnestus saith that broken lungs and rotten lungs be two diuers diseases and haue diuers signes and diuers cures The signes of broken lungs be these The Horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his head often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afraid to cough and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a friends horse of his whose lunges were fretized or rather broken as he saith by continual eating salt with this manner of cure here following Let the Horsse haue quiet and rest and then let him blood in the hanches where the vaines appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen daies barly or rather Otes sodden in Goates milke or if you can get no milke boile it in water and put therein some thicke collops of larde and of Deeres sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in summer time the decoction of barly and this as he sayth wil binde his lungs againe together Vegetius vtterly disalloweth letting of blood in any such disease as this is all maner of sharp medicynes for feare of prouoking the cough by means wherof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neither his medicines nor meat would be harsh but smooth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be giuen him at all times is this take of Fenegreeke and of Linceede of each halfe a pound of Gum dragagant of Mastick of Myrrhe of Sugar of Fitch flower of each one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fine powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme Water and the next day giue him a quarte of this lukewarme putting thereunto two or three ounces of
get vp but hangeth either by the neck or Legges vvhich sometimes are galled euen to the hard bone Russius calleth such kinde of galling Capistratura which he was wont to heale with this ointment heere following praising it to be excellent good for the cratches or any scab bruise or wound take of oile Oliue one ounce of Turpentine two or three ounces melt them together ouer the fire and then put thereunto a little wax and work them well togither and annoint the sore place therwith Martin saith it is good to annoint the sore place with the white of an egge and sallet-oile beaten together and when it commeth to a scab annoint it with butter being molten vntill it looke browne Of the Cratches or Rats tailes called of the Italians Crepaccie THis is a kind of long scabby rifts growing right vp and down in the hinder part from the fewterlock vp to the Curb and commeth for lacke of cleane keeping and is easily seene if you take vp the horses foot and lift vp the haire The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Turpentine halfe a pound of hony a pint of hogs-grease a quarterne and 3. yolks of Egs and of bole Armony a quartern beaten into fine powder of bean flower halfe a pinte mingle all these well together and make a salue thereof and with your finger annoint all the sore places sheading the haire as you go to the intent you may the easier find them and also to make the salue enter into the skin and let the horse come in no wet vntill he be whole Of the Scratches SCratches will cause a horse to halt sore and they come only by naughty keeping and they appeare in the pasterns vnder the Fetlocks as if the skin were cut ouerthwart Markham that a man may lay in a wheat-straw the cure is thus bind vnto theÌ„ the haire being cut cleane away black Sope and Lime kned together for three daies then lay that by and annoynt the place with butter and heale the sore with Bores greace and Tar mixt well together Of the Ring-bone THis is a hard grisle growing vpon the cronet and sometime goeth round about the cronet and is called in Italian Soprosso Laurentius Russius saith that it may grow in any other place of the Leg but then we cal it not a Ring-bone but a knot or knob It commeth at the first either by some blow of another Horse or by striking his owne foote against some stub or stone or such like casualty The paine whereof breederh a viscous and slimy humor which resorting to the bones that are of their owne nature colde and dry waxeth hard cleaueth to some bone and in processe of time becommeth a bone The signes be these The Horse will halt and the hard swelling is apparant to the eie being higher then any place of the cronet The cure according to Martin is thus First wash it well with warme water and shaue away all the haire so as the sore place may be all discouered Then scarifie it lightly with the point of a rasor so as the bloude may yssue forth Then if the sore be broad take of Euforbium one ounce of Cantharides halfe an ounce broken into fine powder and of Oyle de Bay one ounce and if the sore bee but little the one halfe of this may serue Boile these things together stirring them continually least it run ouer and with two or three feathers lay it boiling hot vnto the sore let not the horse stir from that place for halfe an houre after then carry him into the stable both vsing and curing him for the space of nine daies in such order as hath been said before in the chapter of the splent But when the haire beginneth to grow again then fire the sore place with right lines from the pasterne downe to the coffin of the hooue and let the edge of the drawing iron be as thick as the backe of a meat knife and burne him so deepe as the skinne may looke yellow that done couer the burning with pitch and rozen molten together and clap thereon flox of the Horsses owne colour or somewhat nigh the same and about three daies after lay againe some of the last mentioned plaister or oyntment and also new floxe vpon the olde and there let them remaine vntill they fall away of themselues But if these ring-bones or knobs breede in any other place then in the cronet you shal cure them as is before said without firing them Of the Ring-bone THe Ring-bone is an il disease and apeareth before on the foot aboue the hoofe aswell before as behind Markham and will be swolne 3. inches broad and a quarter of an inch or more of height and the haire will stare and wax thin and will make a Horse halt much the cure is Cast the Horse and with an iron made flat and thin burne away that gristle which annoies him then take wax Turpentine Rozen Tar and hogs-grease of each like quantity mingle them together plaister-wise and with it cure the sore this plaister wil also cure any other wound or vlcer whatsoeuer Of the Crowne-scab THis is a kind of filthy and stinking scab breeding round about the feete vpon the cronets Blundevile and is an eluish and painful disease called in Italian Crisaria It seemeth to come by meanes that the Horse hath bin bred in some colde wet soile striking corrupt humors vp to his feet and therefore the horse that hath this griefe is worse troubled in winter then in summer The signs be these The haire of the cronets wil be thin and staring like bristles and the cronets wil be alwaies mattering and run on a water The cure according to Martin is thus Take of sope of hogs-grease of each halfe a pound of bole Armony a little of Turpentine a quartern and mingle them all together and make a plaister and bind it fast on renewing it euery day once vntill it leaue running and then wash it with strong vineger being lukewarme euery day once vntill â—he sore be cleane dryed vp and let him come in no wet vntill it be whole Of hurts vpon the cronet crossing one foot ouer another which the Italians call Supraposte MArt saith wash it wel with white wine or with a little stale then lay vnto it the white of an Egge mingled with a little chimny soot and salt and that will dry it vp in three or foure daies if it be renewed euery day once Of the quitterbone THis is a hard round swelling vpon the cronet betwixt the heele and the quarter and groweth most commonly on the inside of the foot and is commonly called of the Italians Setula or Seta It commeth by meanes of grauell gathered vnderneath the shooe which frerteth the heele or else by the cloying or pricking of some naile euell dryuen the anguish whereof looseneth the gristle and so breedeth euill humors wherof the quitterbone springeth The signes be these The horse will
the suffocation of the womb and all other diseases incident vnto the secret parts and also helpeth places in the body being burnt by fire The fat of a ram being mingled with red Arsenicke and annointed vppon any scaull or scab the same being afterward pared or scraped doth perfectly heale it It doth also being mixed with Allum helpe those which are troubled with kibes or chilblanes in their heeles The sewet of a ram mingled with the powder of a pumise stone and salt of each a like quantity Sextus is said to heale fellons and inflammations in the body The lunges of smal cattel but especially of a ram doth restore chaps or scarts in the body to their right collour The same vertue hath the fat of a ram being mingled with Nitre The gal of a ram mingled with his own sewet Marcellus is very good and profitable for those to vse who are troubled with the gout or swelling in the ioynts The horne of a ram being burned and the dust of the same mixed with oyle and so pounded together being often anointed vpon a shauen head doth cause the haire to frisle and curle A comb being made of the left horn of a ram and combed vpon the head doth take away all paine vpon the left part thereof if likewise there be paine in the right side of the head the right horne of a ram doth cure it For the curing of the losse of one wits springing from the imperfection of the braine take the head of a ram neuer giuen to venery being chopped off at one blow the hornes being onely taken away and seeth it whole with the skin and the wooll in water then hauing opened it take out the braines and adde vnto them these kinds of spices Cinamon Ginger Mace and Cloues of each one halfe an ounce these being beaten to powder mingle them with the braines in an earthen platter diligently tempering of them by a burning cole not very big for feare of burning which might easily be done but there must great care be had that it be not too much dryed but that it might be so boyled that it be no more dryed then a calfes braines being prepared for meate It shall be sufficiently boiled when you shall wel mingle them at the fire then keep it hid and for three daies giue it daiely to the sick person fasting so that he may abstain from meat and drinke two houres after It may be taken in bread or in an Egge or in whatsoeuer the sicke party hath a desire vnto but there must be regard that he be not in a cleare place and that hee vse this forty daies space which they are wont to vse whose blould is with drawne or fled away and let him abstaine from wine assayng his head There are those which are holpen in a short space some in sixe or eight weekes by this Medicine being receiued But it is conuenient that it be required for three months Marcellus and then it will haue the more power therein The lunges of a Ramme while they are hot applyed vnto woundes wherein the flesh doeth to much encrease doth both represse and make it equal The lungs of smal cattel but especially of Rams being cut in smal pieces applyed whiles they are hot vnto bruised places do very speedily cure them and reduce them to the right collour The same doth cure the feete of such as are pinched through the straightnesse of their shooes The lunges of a Ram applyed vnto kibed heeles or broken vlcers in the feet doth quite expell away the paine notwithstanding the exceeding a chor pricking thereof One drop of the liquor which is boyled out of a Rams lungs put vpon the small nailes vpon the hand doth quite expell them The like operation hath it to expell Wartes being annointed thereupon The corrupt bloud of the lungs of a Ram vnroasted doth hele all paines in the priuy members of man or woman as also expell warts in any place of the body Sextus The iuyce of the lungs of a ram while they are roasted vpon a Gridiron being receiued doth by the vnction thereof purge and driue away the little blacke warts which are wont to grow in the haire or priuy parts of any man The liquor which distilleth from the lunges of a ram being boiled Aesculapius doth heale Tertian Agues and the disease of the raines which grow therein The lungs of a Lamb or ram being burned and the dust thereof mingled with oile or being applyed raw doe heale the sorenesse of kibes and are accounted very profitable to be bound vnto vlcers The lungs of a ram being pulled forth and bound hot vnto the head of any one that is frenzy wil presently help him Against the pestilent disease of sheepe take the belly of a ram and boile it in wine then being mixed with Water giue it to the sheepe to drinke and it wil bring present remedy The gall of a ram is very good for the healing of those which are troubled with any pains in the eares comming by the casualty of cold The gal of a ram mingled with his owne sewet doth ease those which are troubled with the gout The gall of a Weather mingled with the wool and placed vpon the nauell of young children Marcellus doth make them loose in their bellies The stones of an old ram being beaten in halfe a penny waight of water or in 3. quarters of a pint of Asses milk are reported to be very profitable for those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse The stones of a ram being drunke in water to the waight of three halfe pence cureth the same disease The dust of the inward parts of a rams thighs being lapped in rags or clouts washed very exactly before with womens milk doth heale the vlcers or runnings of old sores Pliny The dust of the hoofe of a ram mingled with hony doth heale the bitings of a Shrew The dung of Weathers mingled with vineger and fashioned in the forme of a plaister doth expel black spots in the body and taketh away al hard bunches arising in the flesh The same being applyed in the like manner cureth S. Anthonies fire and healeth burned places The filâ—h or sweat which groweth between the thighs of a ram being mingled with Mirrhe and the Hearbe called Hart-wort and drunke of each an equal parte is accounted a very excellent remedy for those which are troubled with the Kings euill Sextus But Pliny commendeth the filth of rams eares mingled with Myrrhe to be a more effectuall and speedily remedy against the said disease The medicines of the Lamb. The best remedy for bitings of Serpents is this presently after the wound to applie some little creatures to the same Aetius being cut in small peeces and laid hot vnto it as cocks Goats Lambes and young pigges for they expell the poison and much ease the paines thereof An ounce of Lambes blood being fresh before that it doth
qualities remedies and miraculous operation therof wherfore they must be verie warily and skilfully taken foorth for there is in a little skin compassing them about a certaine sweet humor called Humor Melleus and with that they must be cut out the vtter skin being cut asunder to make the more easie entrance and the Apothecaries vse to take all the fat about them which they put into the oyle of the Castoreum and sell it vnto fisher men to make baite for fishes The females haue stones or Castoreum as well as the males but very small ones Now you must take great heed to the choise of your Beauer and then to the stones which must grow from one roote conioyned otherwise they are not precious and the beast must neither be a young one nor one very old but in the meane betwixt both being in vigour and perfection of strength The Beauers of Spaine yeeld not such vertuous castoreum as they of Pontus and therefore if it be possible Hermolaus The corrupting of Castoreum take a Pontique Beauer next one of Gallatia and lastly of Affrique Some do corrupt them putting into their skinne gumme and Ammomacke with blood other take the raines of the beast and so make the castoreum very big which in it selfe is but small This beast hath two bladders which I remember not are in any other liuing creature and you must beware that none of these be ioyned with the castoreum You may know if it be mingled with Ammoniacke by the tast for although the colour be like yet is the sauour different Platearius sheweth that some adulterate castoreum by taking of his skinne or some cod newly taken forth of another beast filling it with blood sinnewes and the pouder of castoreum that so it may not want his strong smell or sauour other fill it with earth and blood other with blood rozen gumme sinnewes and pepper to make it tast sharp but this is a falsification discernable and of this sort is the castoreum that is sold at Venice as Brasouala affirmeth and the most of them sold at this day are bigger then the true castoreum for the iust waight of the right stones is not aboue twelue ounces and a halfe one of them being bigger then the other being sixe fingers bredth long and foure in breadth Now the substance contained in the bag is yellowish solid like waâ— and sticking like glew not sharp and cracking betwixt the teeth as the counterfait is These stones are of a strong and stinking sauour such as is not in any other but not rotten and sharpe as Grammarians affirme yet I haue smelled of it dried which was not vnpleasaunt and things once seasoned with the sauour thereof will euer tast of it although they haue not touched it but lie couered with it in the same boxe or pot and therefore the castoreum of Persia is counterfeit which hath no such smell for if a man smell to the right castoreum it will draw blood out of his nose After it is taken forth from the beast it must be hung vp in some place to be dried in the shadow and when it is dry it is soft and white it will continue in strength sixe yeares and some say seuen the Persians affirme that their castoreum will hold his vertue ten years which is as false as the matter they speake of is counterfait Archigenes wrote a whole booke of the vertue of this castoreum whereunto they may resort that require an exact and full declaration of all his medicinall operations it shall onely be our purpose to touch some generall heads and not to enter into a particular discouery thereof Being so dried as is declared it must be warily vsed for it falleth out heerein as in other medicinall subiects that ignorance turneth a curing herbe or substance into a venemous and destructiue quality therefore we will first of all set downe the daungers to be auoyded and afterward some particular cures that come by the right vse of it Therefore it must be vnderstood that there is poyson in it not naturally but by accident as may be in any other good and wholsome matter and that especially in the smell or sauor therof The dangers in the vse of Castoreum Seruius whereunto if a woman with childe doe smell it vvill kill the child vnborne and cause abortement for a vvomans womb is like a creature nourished with good sauors and destroyed with euill therefore burning of fethers shoo-soles wollen clothes pitch Galbanum gumme onions and garlike is noysome to them It may be corrupted not onely as is before declared but also if it be shut vp close without vent into pure aner when it is hanged vp to be dried or if the bag be kept moyst so that it cannot dry and it is true as Auicen saith that if it be vsed being so corrupted it killeth within a daies space driuing one into madnesse making the sicke person continually to hold forth his tongue and infecting him with a feuer by inflaming the bodie loosing the continuitie of the partes through sharp vapours arising from the stomack and for a proofe that it will inflame if you take a little of it mingled with oyle and rubbe vpon any part of the bodie or vpon your naile you shall feele it But there is also a remedie for it being corrupted namelie Asses milke mingled with some sharpe sirrop of Citron or if need require drinke a dram of Philons Antidot at the most or take butter and sweet water which will cause vomit and vomit therewith so long as you feele the sauour of the stone and afterward take sirrop of Limmons or citrons some affirme vpon experience that two penny waight of Coriander-seed scorched in the fire is a present remedy for this euill And it is more straunge that seeing it is in greatest strength when the sauor is hottest which is very displeasing to a mans nature in outward appearance yet doeth it neuer harme a man taken inwardly being pure and rightly compounded if the person be without a feuer for in that case onely it doeth hurte inwardly otherwise apply it to a moist body lacking refrigeration or to a colde body wanting excalfaction or to a colde and moist body you shall perceiue an euident commodity thereby if there bee no feuer and yet it hath profited many where the feuer hath not bene ouerhot as in extasies and lethargies ministred with white pepper and mellicrate and with Rose cakes laid to the necke or head The same vertues it hath being outwardly applied and mingled with oyle if the bodies be in any heate and purely without oile if the body be cold for in heating it holdeth the thirde degree and in drying the second The maner how it is to be ministred is in drink for the most part the sweet lickor being taken from it and the little skinnes appearing therein clensed away and so it hath among many other these operations following Drunke with vineger
it is good against al venim of Serpents and against the chamelaeon but with this difference against the scorpion with wine against spiders with sweet water against the Lizzards with Mirtire against Dipsas and cerastes with Opponax or wine made of Rew and against other serpentes with wine simply Take of euery one two drams for a cold take it a scruple and a halfe in foure cups of wine vsed with Ladanum it cureth the Fistula and vlcers Castoreoque graui mulier sopita recum bit prouoketh neezing by smelling to it procureth sleepe they being annointed with it maiden-weed conserue of Roses and being drunke in Water helpeth Phrensie and with the roses and Maiden-weed aforesaid easeth head-ache Being layd to the head like a plaster it cureth all colde and windy affections therein or if one drawe in the smoake of it perfumed though the paine be from the mothers wombe and giuen in three cups of sweete vineger fasting it helpeth the falling sicknes but if the person haue often fits the same giuen in a glister giueth great ease Then must the quantity be two drams of castoreum one sextary of honey and oyle and the like quantity of water but in the fit it helpeth with vineger by smelling to it It helpeth the palsie taken with Rew or wine sod in Rew so also all heart trembling ache in the stomack and quaking of the sinewes It being infused into them that lie in Lethargies with vineger and conserue of roses doth presently awake them for it strengthneth the braine and mooueth sternutation It helpeth obliuion comming by reason of sicknes the party being first purgd with Hiera Ruffi castoreum with oyle bound to the hinder part of the head and afterward a dram drunke with Mellicrate also taken with oyle cureth all conuulsion proceeding of cold humors if the conuulsion be full and perfect not temporall or in some particular member which may come to passe in any sicknes The same mixed with hony helpeth the clearnes of the eies and their inflamations likewise vsed with the iuyce of Popie and infused to the eares or mixed with honey helpeth all paines in them With the seed of hemlockes beaten in vineger it sharpneth the sence of hearing if the cause be colde and it cureth tooth-ach infused into that eare with oyle on which side the paine resteth for Hippocrates sent vnto the wife of Aspasius complayning of the paine in her cheeke and teeth a little castoreum with pepper aduising her to hold it in her mouth betwixt her teeth A perfume of it drawne vp into the head stomacke easeth the paines of the lights and intrals and giuen to them that sigh much with sweet vineger fasting it recouereth them It easeth the cough and distillations of rhewme from the head to the stomacke taken with the iuyce of blacke Popye It is preseruative against inflamations pains in the guts or belly although the belly be swolne with colde windy humors being drunke with vineger or Oxycrate it easeth the colicke giuen vvith annisse beaten smal and two spoonfuls of sweet water and it is found by experiment that vvhen a horsse cannot make vvater let him be couered ouer vvith his cloath Vegetins and then put vnderneath him a fire of coles vvherein make a perfume vvith that castoreum till the horses belly and cods smell thereof then taking avvay the coles vvalk the horsse vp dovvn couered and he vvill presently stale To soften the belly they vse Castoreum with sweet water two drams and if it be not forcible enough they take of the root of a set cucumber one dram and the some of salt Peter two drams It is also vsed with the iuice of Withy and decoction of Vineger applied to the rains and genitall parts like a plaster against the Gonorrhaean passion It will stir vp a womans monethly courses and cause an easie trauaile two drammes being drunke in water with Penny-Royall And if a Woman with childe goe ouer a Beauer she will suffer abortment A secret and Hypocrates affirmeth that a perfume made with Castoreum Asses dunge and swines greace openeth a closed wombe There is an Antidot called Diacostu made of this castoreum good against the Megrim falling sicknesse apoplexies palsies and weakenesse of limmes as may be seene in Myrepsus against the impotency of the tongue trembling of the members and other such infirmities These vertues of a Beauer thus described I will conclude this discourse with a History of a strange beast like vnto this related by Dunranus campus-bellus a noble kni who affirmed A miraculus history of a Monster that there are in Arcadia seuen great Lakes some 30. miles compasse and some lesse whereof one is called Garloil out of which in Anno 15.0 about the midst of Summer in a morning came a Beast about the bignes of a water dog hauing feet like a Goose who with his taile easily threw downe small trees and presently with a swift pace he made after some men that he saw and with three strokes he likewise ouerthrew three of them the residue climbing vp into trees escaped and the beast without any long tarrying returned backe againe into the water which beast hath at other times bene seene and it is obserued that this appearance of the monster did giue warning of some strange euils vpon the Land which story is recorded by Hector Boethius OF THE BISON. Of the name A Bison called of some Latines though corruptly Vrson and Veson of the Graecians Bisoon of the Lituanians Suber of the Polonians Zuber from whence some Latines deriued Zubro for a Byson Of the Germanes Visent and Vaesent Wisent a beast very strange as may appear by his figure prefixed which by many authors is taken for Vr. â—â— some for a Bugle or wild Oxe other for Rangifer and many for the beast Tarandus a Buffe By reason whereof there are not many things which can by infallible collection be learned of this beast among the writers yet is it truely and generally held for a kind of wild Oxe Places of their breed bred in the Northern parts of the world for the most part and neuer tamed as in Scythia Moscouia Hercynia Thracia and Brussia But those tall wilde Oxen which are said to be in Lapponia Philostephan The reason of their nam and the Dukedome of Angermannia are more truely saide to be Vrt as in their story shall be afterward declared Their name is taken from Thracia Varinus Stephanus a secret in the laâ—e Dicaea which was once called Bistonia and the people thereof Bistones from Bisto the sonne of Cicas and Terpsicores and thereof came Bistonia Grues cranes of Thracia and Bistonia Lâ—eus for the lake or sea of Dicaea neere Abdera where neuer liuing thinge or other of lesse weight was cast in but it presently sunke and was drowned This Bison is called Taurus Paeonicus the Paeonian-Bull whereof I find two kinds one of greater Seural kinds
Oxen but Hercules vndertaking the labour turned a Ryuer vpon it and so clensed all When Angia saw that his stable was purged by art and not by labour he denyed the reward and because Phyleus his eldest sonne reproued him for not regarding a man so well deseruing he cast him out of his family for euer The manifold vse of the members of Oxen and Kye in medicyne now remaineth to be briefely touched The horne beaten into pouder cureth the cough especially the types or point of the horne which is also receiued against the ptisicke or short breath made into pils with Hony The pouder of a Cowes horne mixed with vineger helpeth the morphew being washed or annoynted therewith The same infused into the Nostrils stayeth the bleeding likewise mingled with warme water and vineger giuen to a Splenetâ—cke man for three dayes together the medcins of the seueral parts of oxen and Kye it wonderfully worketh vpon that passion pouder of the hoofe of an Oxe with water put vpon the kings euill helpeth it and with Water and Hony it helpeth the apostemes and swelling of the body and the same burned and put into drinke and given to a Woman that lacketh Milke it encreaseth milke and strengtheneth hir very much Other take the tongue of a cow which they dry so long till it may be beaten into pouder and so giue it to a woman in white wine or broath The dust of the heele of an oxe or ancle bone taken in Wine and put to the gummes or teeth doe fasten them Rasis and remoue the ache away The ribbes of oxen beaten to pouder doe stay the fluxe of blood Fuâ—nerius and restrain the aboundance of monthly courses in women The ancle of a white cow layed forty daies and nightes into wine and rubbed on the face with white linnet taketh spots and maketh the skinne looke very cleare Where a man biteth any other liuing creature seeth the flesh of an oxe or a calfe and after fiue dayes lay it to the sore and it shall worke the ease thereof The flesh being warme layed to the swellings of the body easeth them so also doe the warme blood and gall of the same beast The broath of beefe healeth the loosnesse of the bellye comming by reason of choler and the broath of cowes flesh or the marrow of a cow healeth the vlcers and chinkes of the mouth The skinne of an oxe especially the leather thereof worne in a shooe burned and applyed to pimples in the body or face cureth them The skinne of the feete and Nose of an oxe or sheepe sod ouer a soft and gentle fire vntill there arise a certaine scumme like to glue from it and afterward dried in the cold windye aire and drunk helpeth or at least easeth burstnesse very much The marrow of an oxe or the sewet helpeth the straynes of sinnewes if they be anointed therewith If one make a small candle of paper and cowes marrow setting the same on fire vnder his browes or eye-lids which are balde without haire and often annoynting the place he shall haue very decent and comely haire grow thereupon Likewise the sewet of oxen helpeth against all outward poyson so in all Leprosies botches and scuruinesse of the skinne the same mingled with Goose grease and poured into the eares helpeth the deafenesse of them It is also good against the inflammation of the eares the stupidity and dulnesse of the teeth the running of the eyes the vlcers and rimes of the mouth and stiffenesse of the neck If ones blood be liquid and apt to runne forth of the body it may be well thickned and retayned by drinking Oxe blood mingled with vineger the blood of a cow poured into a wound that bleedeth stayeth the blood Likwise the blood of Oxen cureth the scabs in Dogs Concerning their Milke volumes may be written of the seuerall and manifold vertues thereof for the Arcadians refused all medicine onely in the spring time when their beasts did eate grasse they dranke cowes Milke being perswaded Pliny A History that the vertue and vigour of al good hearbs and fruits were receiued and digested into that liquor for they gaue it medicinally to them which were sicke of the Prisicke of consumption of an old cough of the consumption of the raynes of the hardnesse of the belly and of all manner poysons which burne inwardly which is also the opinion of all the Greeke Physitians and the shell of a Walnut sod in cow-milke and layed to the place where a serpent hath bitten it cureth it and stayeth the poyson The same being new and warme Gargarized into the throate helpeth the sorenesse of the kernels and all payne in the arteries and swelling in the throate and stomacke and if any man bee in danger of a short breath let him take daylie softe pitch with the hearbe Mummie and harts-suet clarified in a Cup of new Milke and it hath beene proued very profitable Where the paynes of the stomacke come by sadnesse Melancholy or desperation drinke Cow-milke Womans Milke or Asses-milke wherein a flint-stone hath beene sodden When one is troubled with a desire of going often to the stoole and can egest nothing let him drinke cow-milke and Asse-milke sod together the same also heated with gads of Iron or Steele and mingled with one fourth part of water helpeth the bloody flix mingled with a little Hony and a Buls gall with cummin and gourds layed to the Nauell and some affirme that cow-milke doth help conception if a woman be troubled with the white fluxe so that hir wombe be indaungered let her drinke a purgation for hir vpper partes and afterward Asses milke last of all let her drinke cow-milke and new wine for forty daies together if neede be so mingled that the wine appeare not in the milke and it shall stay the fluxe But in the vse of milke the rule of Hipocrates must be continually obserued that it be not vsed with any sharpe ot tart liquor for then it curdleth in the stomack and turneth into corruption The whay of cow-milke mingled with Hony and salt as much as the tast will permit and drunke looseneth the hardnesse of the Belly The marrow of a cow mingled with a little meale and with new cheese wonderfully stayeth the bloody flixe It is affirmed that there is in the head of an oxe a certaine little stone which onely in the feare of death he casteth out at his mouth if this stone be taken from them suddenly by cutting the head it doth make children to breed teeth easily being soone tyed about them If a man or woman drinke of the same water whereof an oxe drunke a little before it wil ease the head-ache and in the second venter of a cow there is a round blacke Tophus found being of no waight which is accounted very profitable to Wommen in hard trauailes of child-birth The Liuer of an oxe or cow dryed and drunke in pouder cureth the fluxe of blood The gall of
to be almost as sweete as a Cony It must needes be an vncleane and impure beast that liueth onely vpon vermin and by rauening for it is commonly said of a man when he neezeth Perottus that he hath eaten with Cats likewise the familiars of Witches do most ordinarily appeare in the shape of cats which is an argument that this beast is dangerous in soule body It is said that if bread be made wherin the dung of cats is mixed it wil driue away Rats and Mice But we conclude the story of this beast with the medicinal obseruations and tary no longer in the breath of such a creature compounded of good and euil It is reported that the flesh of cats salted sweetned hath power in it to draw wens from the body being warmed to cure the Hemorrhoids and paines in the raines and backe according to the verse of vrsinus Et lumbus lumbis praestat adesus opem Galenus The medicinall vertues of a cat Aylsius prescribeth a fat cat sod for the gout first taking the fat and annoynting therewith the sicke part and then wetting Wooll or Towe in the same and binding it to the offended place For the paine and blindnesse in the eye by reason of any skinnes Webs or nailes this is an approued medicine Take the head of a blacke Cat which hath not a spot of another colour in it and burne it to pouder in an earthen pot leaded or glazed within then take this poulder and through a quill blow it thrice a day into thy eie and if in the night time any heate do thereby annoy thee take two leaues of an Oke wet in cold water and binde them to the eye and so shall all paine fly away and blindnes depart although it hath oppressed thee a whole yeare and this medicine is approued by manye Physitians both elder and later The liuer of a cat dryed and beate to poulder is good against the stone Galen the dung of a female cat with the claw of an Oule hanged about the necke of a man that hath had seuen fits of a quartane Ague cureth the same Sextus a neezing poulder made of the gall of a black cat and the waight of a groate thereof taken and mingled with foure crownes waight of Zambach helpeth the conuulsion and wrynesse of the mouth Aetius Rasis Albertus Pliny and if the gall of a Cat with the black dung of the same cat be burned in perfume vnder a woman trauailing with a dead child it will cause it presently to come forth and Pliny saith that if a pin or thorne or fish bone sticke in ones mouth let him rub the outside against it with a little cats dung and it will easily come forth Giuen to a Woman suffering the fluxe with a little Rozen and Oyle of Roses it stayeth the humour and for a Web in the eie of an horse euening and morning blow in the poulder of cats dung and it shall be cured OF THE WILDE CAT. ALl Cats at the beginning were Wilde and therefore some doe interpret ijm Esay 34. for wilde cats and the Germans call it Bonumruter that is a tree-rider because she hunteth Birds and foules from tree to treee The Spaniard calleth it Gato-montes and in some places of France it is called chat-caretz There are great store of them in Heluetia especially in the Woods and sometime neere the Waters also being in colour like tame cats but blacker such as in Englang is called a Poolcat I saw one of them which was taken in September and obserued that it was in length from the forehead to the toppe of the taile foure full spannes and a blacke line or strake all along the backe and likewise some blacke vpon the Legges betwixt the breast and the necke there was a large white spot and the colour of her other parts was dusky red and yellow especially about the buttocks the heeles of her feet were blacke her tayle longer then an ordinary house cats hauing two or three blacke circles about it but toward the top all blacke They abound in Scandinauia where the Linxes deuoure them otherwise they are hunted with Dogges or shot with Gunnes Olaus mag and many times the countrey men seeing one in a tree doth compasse it about with multitude and when she leapeth downe kill hir with their clubs according to the verse of Neuersianus Felemque minacem Arboris in trunco Longis perfigere telis In the prouince of Malabar these cattes liue vpon trees because they are not swift to run but leape with such agility that some haue thought they did flye and verily they do flie for they haue a certaine skin which when they lie in quiet cleaueth or shrinketh vp to their bellies but being stirred the same spreadeth from their forefeet to their hinder like the Wing of a Bat by vertue whereof they stay vp themselues in the aire passing form tree to tree like a foule as also doth the Pontique mouse as shall be declared afterward The skinnes of wild cats are vsed for garments for there is no skinne warmer as by experience appeareth in Scithia and Moscouia where their women are clothed with the furre of cats but especially for buskins and sleeues with their haire turned inward not only against cold but for medecine against contracted sinnewes or the gout The fat of this beast is reserued by some for heating softening and displaying tumours in the flesh and whatsoeuer Rasis or any other said of the house Cat before in the medicinall partes that also appertaineth to this except as in all other so it falleth forth heerin that the vertues of the wild kind is more effectuall then the tame There are some among the Rhaetians and Germans which eate the flesh heerof accounting it delicate hauing first cut off the head and taile they cannot abide the fume of rue or of bitter almonds there is nothing memorable in the nature of this beast that I can learne except that which is related by Aetius that when men are bitten by Crocodils this beast by a naturall instinct hating a Crocodill will come about the wounded persons otherwise fearing the presence of man We may heerunto adde the beast which is bred in Armerica called Heyratt spoken of by Theuetus which name signifieth a beast of Hony and the reason is because it desireth hony aboue measure for it will climbe the trees and comming to the caues of Bees it will with such dexterity take out the Hony with their nailes that it neither hurteth the Bees or receiueth harme by them It is about the bignesse of a Catte and of a Chesse-nut colour OF THE COLVS The name THere is among the Scithians and Sarmatians a foure-footed wild Beast called Colus and of some Sulac in Latine of the Polonians Sothac Of the colour of the Moscouites Seigak of the Tartarians Akkijk and Snak of the Turkes Akomi being in quantity and stature betwixt a Ramme and a
each other They feare also the Wolfes whereof came the prouerbe Their enemies in nature that first of all the Roes wil be ioyned to the Wolfes to expresse an incredible matter They haue also beene vsed for Sacrifice to Diana for the Saphriae Women in Patras did lay vpon hir great altar whole Harts Bores Roes and other beasts aliue and the Coptitae did eate the Males Sacrifices of Roes but religiously worshipped the females not daring to eate them Pausanias Aelianus because they beleeued that Isis loued them dearely Of these Beasts came the Islands Capreae beyond Surrentum into Campania where Tiberius had a famous Castle and was ennobled by his presence but since the decay thereof it is now celebrated for the multitude of quailes that are found therein The medicines arising from a Roe Marcellus The remedies or medicines comming from this Beast are these first the flesh of them eaten is good against all paines in the small guts for it dryeth and stayeth the belly Pliny affirmeth that the teeth of a Dragon tyed to the sinnewes of a Hart in a Roes skinne and wore about ones necke maketh a man to be grations to his superiors and them to be fauorable and pitifull to him in all his supply cations And if the white flesh in the brest of an Hiaena and seuen haires thereof with the genitall of a Hart betyed in a piece of a Roes skinne and hanged about a Womans necke it maketh that her wombe shall suffer no abortements but these things are triuiall and not to be beleeued but at pleasure I know that the taile of a Dragon tyed to the Nerues of a Hart in a Roes skinne the sewet of a Roe with Goose-grease the marrow of a Hart and an onyon with Rozen running lime doe wonderfully help the falling euill if it be made into a plaister Sextus saith that if one giue the braine of a Roe drawen or pressed through a ring to an infant it will preserue him for euer from the falling sicknesse and apparitians The Liuer of a Roe sod in salt Water and the eyes of a purblind man held ouer the fume or reak thereof are cured of their blindnesse and some seeth it in a little cup and annoynt the eies with the scumme or froth comming from it The same liuer being burned to poulder and the dust cast on a man bleeding staieth the yssue or fluxe The gall of this beast mixed with Wine and the meale of Lupines the waight of a groate and Hony take away the spots of the face the same gal mixed with water helpeth a sun-burned face and freckles The same with Hony Atticke taketh away the dimnes from the eies with the iuyce of a gourd annoynted vpon the eie browes causeth that where the haire hath beene pulled off that it neuer shal grow againe and this gall is alway the better for the age thereof and as Hypocrates did prescribe it must be kept in a siluer pipe or boxe For the tingling of the eares take with this gall the Oyle of Roses with the iuyce of an Onyon beaten together and instilled warme into the eares for a present remedy so also with the oyle of Roses onely it helpeth the payne in the teeth and with the hony atticke all swellings and paines in the iawes or chappes putting thereto Myrrhe saffron Sextus and Pepper The same gall with a little hoggs-bread and the poulder of burnt Alumme with Anyse seede made into a suppository procureth loosenes if the party haue not the Hemerrhoides Also the gaull taken with hony and the iuyce of Eglantine Aetius cureth the exulceration of the virile member by annoynting it The Spleene being drunke helpeth windinesse and the melt is commended against the chollicke and the biting of serpents Against the laundise they take the dung of a Roe dryed and sifted and drinke it in wine Galen the same also so drunke cureth the Ague and bycause the Roe-bucke doth wonderfully loue his female there be some that affirme that if a woman eate the bladder of a Roe it will likewise make her husband to loue her exceedingly OF THE FIRST KIND OF TRAGElaphus which may be called a Deere-goate Plinyus THere is another kind so like a Deere although conceiued of a Bucke-Goate and a female Hart that I cannot but expresse the figure and briefe narration thereof in this place of the generation of this beast It is like a Deere except the beard and the bristles growing about the shoulders and Pliny affirmeth that they are found about the riuer Phasis in Arabia and Arachotae which is a Citty of India so called of Arachotus a riuer issuing from Caucasus which the Graecians call Tragelaphos Athenaeus The countries of this beast and the name heerof and the Germans ein Brandhirse and some thinke this beast to be mentioned by the name of Ako in Deut. 14. This doubtles is the same beast which Aristotle calleth Hippelaphus because he attributeth the selfe same things to it that Pliny ascribeth to this both for the beard the bristles and deepe haire about the shoulders which hangeth downe like the mane of a horse The similitude both in proportion and quantity holdeth with a Hart in the feete which are clouen and that the female thereof doth want hornes The hornes of the male are like the hornes of a Roe Therefore howsoeuer some haue imagined that there is no such Beast to be found in the world they are rather to be pittied then confuted for it is not to be doubted that neither the auncients nor other euer haue seene all the diuers and maruailous shapes of Beastes which are to be found in many remote and far distant places of the world especially in Arabia and India where are many desarts and therefore the reason why they affirme this is because they neuer saw any such and so it is to be vnderstood for the rare pictures of these beasts called in ancient time Canathra Zenophon Plutarch Coelius whereupon children were carried in Pageants and shewes gaue them occasion to think that these were but mens deuises and that God neuer ordained such creatures Georgius Fabritius which sent me this Picture doth among other thinges write vnto me very probably that this kinde is onely distinguished from other informe name and strength and not in kind and this being more strange and lesse knowne among men was called by the Graecians Tragelaphus being greater then the vulgar Deere deeper haired and blacker in colour Of the parts and this saith he is taken in the ridings or forrests of Misena bordering vppon Bohemia and the common sort of hunters hold opinion that by reason it loueth to lie where Coles are made Of the countries of this beast and in their dust feeding vpon such grasse as groweth in those places that therefore the Germanes call it Brandhtrze and so the Foxes which resemble them in colour are called Brandfusche It is for certaine
Albertus and so oftentimes put it vpon the maime or if neither of these can be performed by the beast himselfe then cure it by casting vpon it the ashes of a dogs heade or burned salte mingled with liquid pitch powred therupon When a dog returning from hunting is hurt about the snowt Blondus by the venemous teeth of some wilde beast I haue seene it cured by making incision about the wound whereby the poysoned blood is euacuated and afterward the sore was annointed with oile of Saint Iohns wort Wood-worms cureth a dog bitten by serpents Plinyus When he is troubled with vlcers or rindes in his skin pieces of Pot-sheardes beaten to powder and mingled with vineger and Turpentine with the fat of a Goose or else waterwort with new Lard applyed to the sore easeth the same and if it swel anoint it with Butter For the drawing forth a thorne or splinter out of a Dogs foote take coltes-foote and Lard or the pouder there of burned in a new earthen pot and either of these applyed to the foot draweth forth the thorne and cureth the sore for by Dioscorides it is said to haue force to extract any point of a Speare out of the body of a man For the wormes which breede in the vlcers of their heeles take Vnguentum Egiptiacum and the iuice of peach leaues There are some very skilfull hunters which affirme that if you hang about the Dogs necke sticks of Citrine as the wood drieth so will the wormes come forth and dy Again for thâ—s euil they wash the wounds with water then rub it with pitch time and the dung of an Oxe in Vineger Tardinus afterward they apply vnto it the powder of Ellebor When a dog is troubled with the maungie itch or Ring-wormes first let him blood in his fore legs in the greatest veyne afterward make an ointment of Quick siluer Brimstone nettle-seed Albertus Rasis and twice so much olde sewet or Butter and therewithal all anoint him putting thereunto if you please decoction of Hops and salt water Some do wash maungy Dogs in the Sea-water and there is a caue in Sicily saith Gratius that hath this force against the scabs of Dogs if they be brought thither and set in the running water which seemeth to be as thicke as oyle Flegme or melancholly doth often engender these euils and so after one Dog is infected all the residue that accompany or lodge with him are likewise poisoned for the auoyding thereof you must giue them Fumitory Sorrel and whay sod together it is good also to wash them in the sea or in smiths-Smiths-water or in the decoction aforesaid For the taking awaie of warts from the feet of Dogs or other members first rub and friccase the wart violently and afterward anoint it with salt Oyle Vineger and the powder of the rind of a Gourd or else lay vnto it Alloes beaten with mustard-seed to eat it off and afterward lay vnto it the little scories or iron chips which flie off from the Smithes hotte iron while he beateth it mingled with Vineger and it shall perfectly remooue them Against Tikes Lyce and Fleas annoint the Dogs with bitter Almonds Staues acre or Roots of Maple or Cipers or froth of Oile and if it be old and annoint also their ears with Salt-water and bitter Almondes then shall not the flies in the Summer time enter into them If Bees or Waspes or such Beasts sting a Dogge lay to the sore burned Rue with Water and if a greater Fly as the Hornet let the Water be warmed A Dog shall be neuer infected with the Plague if you put into his mouth in the time of any common pestilence Blondus the powder of a Storks craw or Ventrickle or any part thereof with Water which thing ought to be regarded for no creature is so soone infected with the plague as is a Dogge and a Mule and therefore they must either at the beginning receiue medicine or else bee remooued out of the ayre according to the aduise of Gratius Sed varij mitus nec in omnibus vna potestes Disce vices quae tutela est proxima tenta Woolfe-wort Pliny and Apocynon whose leaues are like the leaues of Iuye and smell strongly will kill all Beasts which are littered blind as Wolues Foxes Beares and Dogs if they eat thereof So likewise will the root of Chamaeleon and Mezereon in water and oyle it killeth Mice Discorides Swine and Dogs Ellebor and Squilla and Faba Lupina haue the same operation There is a Gourd called Zinziber of the Water because the tast thereof is like to Ginger the Flower Fruite and Leafe thereof killeth Asses Mules Dogs and manie other Foure-footed beastes The nuts Vomicae are poison to Dogges except their care be cut presently and made to bleed It will cause them to leape strangely vp and downe and kill him within two houres after the tasting if it be not preuented by the former remedy Theophrastus Chrysippus affirmeth that the water wherein Sperrage beene sodde giuen to Dogges killeth them the fume of Siluer or Leade hath the same opperation If a Dog grow lean and not through want of meat Albertus it is good to fill him twice or thrice with Butter and if that doe not recouer him then it is a signe that the worme vnder his tongue annoieth him which must be presently pulled out by some Naule or Needle if that satisfie not he cannot liue but will in short time perish And it is to be noted that Oaten bread leauened will make a sluggish dog to become lusty agile and full of spirit Blondus Dogs are also many times bewitched by the onely sight of inchaunters euen as infants Lambes and other creatures according to Virgils verse Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos For bewitching spirit entereth by the eie into the hart of the party bewitched for remedy whereof they hang about the necke a chaine of Corrall as for holy hearbs I hold them vnprofitable To cure the watry eyes of Dogs take warme water and first wash them therewith and then make a plaister of meale and the white of an Egge and so lay it thereunto By reason of that saying Eccles 20. cap. Bribes and gifts blind the eies of Iudges Vnicentius euen as a dumbe dog turneth away Correction Some haue deliuered that greene Crow-foote forced into the mouth of a Dog maketh him dumbe and not able to barke When a Dog becommeth deafe the oile of Roses with new pressed wine infused into his eares cureth him and for the wormes in the eares make a plaister of a beaten spunge and the white of an Egge Tardinus and that shall cure it The third kind of Quinancy called Synanche killeth Dogs Pollux Niphus because it bloweth vppe their chaps and includeth their breath The cough is very noisome to Dogs wherefore their keepers must infuse into their Nostrils two cuppes of wine with brused sweete Almonds
Eumenes beyond the citty Saba where there is a place called the hunting of Elephants The Troglodytae liue also heereupon the people of Affricke cald Asachae Pliny Solmus which liue in Mountains do likwise eat the flesh of Elephants and the Adiabarae or Megabari The Nomades haue Citties running vpon Charriots and the people next vnto their Territory cut Elephantes in peeces and both sell and eat them Some vse the hard flesh of the backe and other commend aboue all the delicates of the world the reines of the Elephants vaâ—tomanus so that it is a wonder that Aelianus would write that there was nothing in an Elephant good for meat except the trunke the lips and the marrow of his hornes or teeth The skin of this Beast is exceeding hard not to be pierced by any dart whereupon came the prouerbe Culicem haud curat Elephas Indicus the Indian Elephant careth not for the biting of a Gnat to signifie a sufficient ability to resist all euill and that Noble minds must not reuenge small iniuries The diseases 〈◊〉 elephants 〈…〉 It cannot be but in such huge and vast bodies there should also be nourished some diseases and that many as Strabo saith wherefore first of all ther is no creatur in the world lesse able to endure cold or winter for their impatiency of cold bringeth inflamation Also in Summer when the same is hotest they coole one another by casting durty and filthy water vpon each other or else run into the roughest woods of greatest shadow It hath bin shewed already that they deuour Chamaeleons and thereof perish except they eat a wild Oliue When they suffer inflamation and are bound in the bellie either black wine or nothing will cure them When they drinke a Leach they are greeuously pained for their wounds by darts or otherwise they are cured by swines flesh or Dittanie or by Oile or by the flower of the Oliue They fall mad sometime for which I knowe no other cure but to tye them vppe fast in yron chaines When they are tired for want of sleepe they are recouered by rubbing their shoulders with salt Oile and water Cowes milke warmed and infused into their eies cureth all euils in them and they presently like reasonable men acknowledge the benefit of the medicine The medicinall vertues in this beast are by Authours obserued to be these The medicines in Elephants Marcellus The blood of an Elephant and the ashes of a Weasill cure the great Leprosie and the same blood is profitable against all Rhewmaticke fluxes and the Sciatica The flesh dryed and cold or heauy fat and cold is abhominable for if it be sod and stâ—eped in vineger with fennel-seede Isidorvs Rasis and giuen to a Woman with child it maketh her presently suffer abortement But if a man tast thereof salted and steeped with the seede aforesaide it cureth an old cough The fatte is a good Antidote either by oyntment or perfume Albertus it cureth also the payne in the head The Iuory or tooth is cold and dry in the first degree and the whole substance thereof Corroborateth the hart and helpeth conception it is often adulterated by fishes and Dogges bones burnt and by White marble There is a Spodium made of Iuory in this manner Take a pound of Iuory cut into pieces and put into a raw new earthen pot couering glewing the couer with lome round about and so let it burne til the pot be thrughly hardened afterward take off the pot and beate your Iuory into small powder and being so beaten sift it then put it into a glasse and poure vpon it two pound of distilled rose Water and let it dry Thirdly beate it vnto powder againe and sift it the second time and put into it againe so much rose water as at the first then let it dry and put thereunto as much Camphire as will lye vpon three or foure single Groats and worke it altogether vpon a marble stone into little Cakes and so lay them vp where the ayre may not corrupt and alter them The vertue heereof is very pretious against spittyng of bloode and the bloody-flixe and also it is giuen for refrigeration without daunger of byndinge or astriction After a man is deliuered from the lethargye pestilence or sudden forgetfulnesse let him be purged and take the powder of Iuory and Hiera Ruffi drunke out of sweete water This powder with Hony atticke taketh away the spottes in the face the same with wilde mints drunk with water resisteth and auoydeth the Leprosie at the beginning The powder of Iuory burnt and drunke with Goates blood doeth wonderfully cure all the paynes and expell the little stones in the raynes and bladder Combes made of Iuory are most wholsome the touching of the trunke cureth the headache The liuer is profitable against the falling euil the same vertue hath the gall if he haue any against the falling euill The fime by annointing cureth a lowsie skin and taketh away that power which breedeth these vermine the same perfumed easeth Agues helpeth a woman in trauaile and driueth gnats or marsh-flyes out of a house OF THE ELKE AS the Elephant last handled could not liue in any countrey of the world but in the whot Esterne and Sowtherne Regions The place of their abode Bonarus barâ— Balizce so the Elke on the contrary is most impatient of all heate and keepeth not but in the Northerne and cold contries for Polonia and the countries vnder that clymate will not preserue an Elke aliue as it hath byn often tryed by experience Countries breeding Elkes for which cause they are not found but in the colder Northerne regions as Russia Prussia Hungaria and Illiria in the wood Hercynia and among the Borussian-Scythians but most plentifully in Scandinauia which Pausanias calleth the Celtes for all the auncients called the Kingdomes of Germany and the North Celtarum Regiones Countryes inhabited by the Celts The figure of the Elke with hornes The Elke without hornes I find not any vnreconcileable difference among authours concerning this beast Caesars description of an Elke except in Caesar lib. 6. of his Commentaries who by the relation of other not by his owne fight writeth that there are Elkes in the Hercynian wood like vnto Goats in their spotted skins who haue no hornes nor ioynts in their legs to bend withall but sleepe by leaning vnto trees like Elephants because when they are downe on the ground they can neuer rise againe But the truth is that they are like to Roes or Hartes because Goates haue no spotted skins but Deere haue and there may easily be a slip from Caprea a Roe to Capra a Goat and Caesar himselfe confesseth that the similitude is in their spotted skins which are not competible in Goats but in Roes And whereas he writeth that they haue no Horns the error of this relator may be this that eyther he had onely seene a young one before the hornes came forth
also a bird in Scithia about the bignesse of a Bustard which bringeth forth two at a time and keepeth them in a Hares skinne which she hangeth vpon a bough Hares were dedicated to loue because Xenophon saith there is no man that seeth a Hare but he remembred what he hath loued They say the citty Bocas of Laconia was builded by a signe of good fortune taken from a Hare for when the inhabitants were driuen out of their countrey they went to the Oracle to desire a place to dwell in from whom they receiued answer that Diana should shew them a dwelling place they going out of their countrey a hare met with them which they consented to follow and there to build where the Hare should lodge and they followed her to a myrtle tree where the hare hid her selfe in which place they builded their citty and euer afterwards retained with veneration a myrtle tree Pausanius And thus I will conclude this morrall discourse of hares with that Epigram of Martiall made vpon occasion of a hare that in sport passed through the mouth and teeth of a tame Lyon saying that she was ambitious in offering her life to the Lyons teeth in this wise Non facit ad saeuos cernix nisi prima leones Scilicet a magnis ad te descendere tauris Desperanda tibi est ingentis gloria fati Quid fugis hos dentes ambitiose lepus Et quae non cernunt frangere colla velint Non potes hoc tenuis praeda sub hoste mori The powder of a hare with oyle of mirtle dryueth away paine in the head and the same burned cureth the cough the powder thereof is good for the stone in the bladder The medicins of Hares Pliny also the blood and fime of a hare burnt in a raw pot to powder afterwards drunke fasting with Wine and warme water it cureth the stone and Sextus saith hee made triall of it by putting a spoonefull of the powder into Water wherein was a sand stone and the same stone did instantly melt and disolue so likewise a young hare cut out of the dams belly and burnt to powder hath the same operation A wastcoat made of hare skins straighten the bodies of young and old also the same dipped in oyle laide to the sore places of a horsses Legges where the skinne is off by ouer reatching it often cureth the sore the blood taken warme out of the body amendeth Sunne burning freckles pimples and many other faultes in skinne and face which Celsus prescribeth to bee doone first by washing the place many houres together in the morning with the blood and afterwardes annoynting it with oile the same vertue is in the fat of swannes mingled with oyle according to the saying of Serenus Cygnaeos adipes hilari miserto lyaeo Omne malum propere maculoso ex ore fugabis Sanguine vel leporis morbus delabitur omnis It also cureth and taketh away the thicke skin of the eie it adorneth the skinne produceth haire in able places and easeth the gout Or no cutim perduco pilos sedo podagrani Sanguine si fuerint membra perunctameo It being fried helpeth the bloody-flixe vlcers in the bowels an old laske and taketh away the poyson of an arrow It being annointed vpon a whot outward vlcer it ripeneth it After a bath it cureth a great leprosie by washing The rennet of a Hare staieth loosenesse the flesh is profitable for vlcers in the bowels it breaketh the stone being beaten and being decocted like a Fox easeth the gout and the shrinking vp of the sinnewes The fat with the flowers of beanes beaten together draweth thornes out of the flesh If naile sticke in the sole of the foote beat together the fat of a hare and a rawe sea-crab then lay it to the place and right against it vpon the same foote lay also two or three beane flowers and let it lie a day and a night and so it shal be cured and the same draweth a poisoned arrow out of a Horsse Andreas reporteth to Gesner that he hath often heard that the sewet of a Hare layed to the crowne of a womans head expelleth her secunds and a dead child out of the wombe The powder made of this wool or haire stauncheth bleeding if the haires be pulled off from a liue Hare and stopped into the nose The powder of the wooll of a Hare burned mingled with the oyle of Mirtles the gal of a Bull and Allum warmed at the fire and annoint it vppon the heade fasteneth the haire from falling off also the same powder decocted with Hony helpeth the paine in the bowels although they be broken being taken in a round ball the quantity of a beane together but these medicines must be vsed euery day Arnoldus prescribeth the haire to be cut short and so to be taken into the body against burstnesse A perfume made of the dung and haires of a Hare and the fat of a sea-calfe draweth forth womens flowers The seede of a wilde Cowcumber and an Oyster shell burned and put into Wine mingled with the haire of a Hare and wooll of a sheep with the flower of roses cureth inflamations of womens secrets after their child-birth Also Hipocrates prescribeth the shel of a Cuttle-fish to be beaten into wine and layed in sheeps wooll and Hares haire helpeth the falling downe of the wombe of a woman with child If a mans feete be scorched with cold the powder of a Hares Wooll is a remedy for it The head of a Hare burned and mingled with fat of Beares and vineger causeth haire to come where it is fallen off and Gallen saith that some haue vsed the whole body of a hare so burned and mingled for the foresaid cure being layed in manner of a plaister By eating of a hares head the trembling of the Nerues and the losse of motion and sence in the members receiueth singuler remedy These thinges also preserueth teeth from aking the powder of a hares head burned with salt mingled together rubbed vpon the teeth or if ye will put thereunto the whitest fennell and the dryed beanes of a Cutle fish The Indians burne together the hares head and mice for this purpose When ones mouth smelleth strong this powder with spicknard asswageth the smell The braine is good against poison The heart of a Hare hath in yt a theriacall vertue also The braine is proued to haue power in it for comforting and reparing the memory The same sod and eaten helpeth tremblings which hapeneth in the accessions of sicknesse such as one is in the cold shaking fit of an Ague It is to bee noted that all trembling hath his originall cause from the infirmitie or weakenesse of the Nerues as is apparant in olde age although the immediat causes may be some cold constitution as aboundance of cold humors drinking of cold drink and such like all which tremblings are cured by eating the braine of a hare roasted saith Dioscorides and Egineta It also
fours drams of Myrrha a dram of vineger and Hony beat together Galen cureth him that hath a swimming or dizzinesse in his brain The gal newly taken forth mingled with a like portion of hony and warme in the skinne of an onyon and so put into the eare giueth remedy to him that can heare nothing If he that is sicke in the melt that is if it be ouer hard swallow downe the melt of a Hare not touching it with his teeth or seeing it with his eies it cureth him The belly of a hare with the intrals tosted and burned in a frying-pan mixed with oyle and anointed vpon the head restoreth decaied haires The raines of a hare inueterated and drunke in Wine expelleth the stone Auicen and being sod cut and dryed in the sun helpeth the paine in the raines if it be swallowed downe and not touched with the teeth The raines of a hare and of a Moore-henne cureth them that are poisoned by Spiders the stones of a hare rosted and drunke in wine staieth the incontinencie of vrine In the paine of the loines and of the hip bones they haue the same operation The secrets and stones of hares are giuen to men and women to make them apter to copulation and conception but this opinion hath no other ground beside the foecundity of the beastes that beareth them They which carry about with them the anckle bone of a hare shal neuer be pained in the belly as Pliny saith So likewise Sextus and Marcellus Take the anckle bone out of a liue hare and haires from her belly there withall make a threed and bind the said bone to him that hath the Collicke and it shall ease him The said bone also beaten to powder is reckoned amonge the chiefe remedies against the stone When women haue hard trauel put it into Creticke-wine with the liquor of penyroyall and it procureth speedy deliuery being bound to the benummed ioynts of a mans legge bringeth great ease so also do the feete being bruised and drunke in warme wine releeueth the arteries and shortnesse of breath and some beleeue that by the foote of a hare cut off aliue the gout is eased The fime of a hare cureth scortched members and whereas it was no small honour to virgins in ancient time to haue their brestes continually stand out euery one was prescribed to drinke in wine or such other thinges nine graines of hares dung the same drunke in wine at the Euening staieth coughing in the night in a potion of warme wine it is giuen to them that haue the bloody flix likewise if a man be sicke of the Collicke and drink three pieles thereof in sweet wine it procureth him much ease being decocted with hony and eaten euery day the quantity of a beane in desperate cases mendeth ruptures in the bowels Asclepiades in his medicine whereby he procured fruitfulnesse to Noble Women hee gaue them foure drams of Mirrha two drams of Flower-deluce two of hares dung confected with colliâ—iall water and so put vp into their bellies after ceasing of the flowers before they lay with their husbands Albertus and Raphael prescribe this medicine to help a woman that wanteth milke in her brests Cristall white mustard-seed and Hares dung put into broath made with Fennell THE HEDG-HOG Of the kinds of hedghogs Implici tumque sinu spinosi corporis erem The Arabians call him Ceufud or Coufed the Caldeans Caupeda the Septuagints Mugale Siluaticus calleth it Agilium Auicen Adulduâ— and Aliherha signifieth a great Mountaine Hedghog the Grecians Cher and Acanthonocos or Echinos by reason of the prickes vpon his backe The Latines Echinus Ericius Ricius Herix and Erinatius the Italians Riccio and Rizo the Spaniards Erizo the Portingals Ouriso or Orizo Cache because of hiding themselues the French Herison the Germans Igal as in lower Germany in Holland Een Yseren Vercken in English a Hedghog or an vrchine by which name also we call a man that holdeth his Necke in his bosome the Italians Gess Malax Their place of abode Illirians Azvuijer Zatho Otzischax So theÌ„ for the entrance of this discourse we take it for granted that Herinatius and Echinus signifie one thing except one of them signifie that kind which is like to a Hogge and the other that kinde which is like to a Dogge for they differ in place or in habitation some of them keepe in the mountaines and in the Woods or hollow trees The quantitye and other about Barnes and houses in the Summer time they keepe neare vineyards and bushy places and gather fruite laying it vp against winter The parts Hermolaus It is about the biggnesse of a Cony but more like to a Hogge being beset and compassed all ouer with sharpe thorney haires as well on the face as on the feete and those sharpe prickles are couered with a kind of soft mosse but when she is angred or gathereth her foode she striketh them vp by an admirable instinct of nature as sharpe as pinnes or Needles these are haire at the beginning but afterwardes grow to be prickles which is the lesse to be marueiled at because there bee Mise in Egypt as Pliny saith which haue haire like Hedghogs It hath none of these prickles on the belly and therefore when the skin is off it is in all parts like a Hog Albertus His stones are inward and cleaue to his loins like as a birds he hath two holes vnder his taile to eiect his excrements which no creature liuing hath beside him His meate is Apples Wormes or Grapes When he findeth Apples or Grapes on the earth hee rowleth himselfe vppon them vntill he haue filled all his prickles and then carrieth them home to his den neuer bearing aboue one in his mouth And if it fortun that one of them fall off by the way he likewise shaketh of all the residue and walloweth vpon them a fresh vntill they be all setled vpon his backe againe so foorth hee goeth making a noyse like a cart wheale And if hee haue any young ones in his nest they pull of his load wherewithall he is loaded eating thereof what they please and laying vppe the residue for the time to come When they are nourished at home in houses and brought vp tame they drinke both Milke and Wine Their copulation But there is an Hearbe called Potomagiton whereof if they tast they die presently When they are in carnall copulation they stand vpright and are not ioyned like other beastes for they imbrace one another standing belly to belly but the prickly thornes vppon their backes will not suffer them to haue copulation like Dogges or Swine and for this cause they are a very little while in copulation because they cannot stand long together vpon their hinder Legges When the female is to bring forth her young ones and feeleth the naturall paine of her deliuery she pricketh her owne belly to delay and put of her misery to her
him out and annoint his body all ouer with Narueoile Turpentine and Deares suet mingled together on the fire and bathe his heade in the iuice of Rue and Camo mile Then giue him to drinke old Ale brewd with Sinamon Ginger Fenecreeke and long Pepper of each three ounces As for his dyet let it be warme mashes sodden wheat and hay thoroughly carded with a paire of wool cards let him be kept verie warme and ayred abroad once a daie at the least If this convulsion be not onely in one member then it is sufficient if euery daye with hard ropes of hay or straw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly and apply there to a little quantity of the oyle Pepper If the convulsion be accidentall proceeding of some hurt whereby the sinnews is wounded or prickt then shal you incontinently take vp the sinnew so wounded searching the wound with great discretion and cut it cleane insunder then shal you endeuor to heale vp the same with vnguents plaisters balms as shall be hereafter mentioned in the chapters of wounds and vlcers of what kind or nature soeuer Of the cold in the head ACcording to the cold which the horsse hath taken is new or old great or small and also according as humors do abound in his head and as such humors be thicke or thin Blundevile so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horsse casteth little or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great cough but onely heauy in his heade and perhaps lightly cougheth now and then it is a signe that he is stopped in the head which we were wont to call the pose But if his head be ful of humors congeald by some extream cold taken of long time past and that he casteth fowle filthy matter out at the nose and cougheth greeuously then it is a signe that hee hath either the Glaunders or the Strangullion mourning of the cheine or consumption of the lungs For all such diseases doe breed for the most part of the Rhueme or distillation that commeth from the head Of the cures whereof we leaue to speake vntill we come to talke of the diseases in the throat minding heere to shew you how to heale the pose or colde before mentioned Martin saith it is good to purge his head by perfuming him with Frankencence and also to prouoke him to neeze by thrasting two Goose feathers dipt in oyle de Bay vp into his nostrils and then to trot him vppe and downe halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to cast immediatly at the nose Laurentius Russius would haue him to be perfumed with Wheat Penneroyal and sage sodden well togither and put into a bag so hot as may be which bagge would be so close fastened to his head that all the sauour thereof may ascend vp into his nostrils and his head also would be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neeze he would haue you to bind a soft clout annointed with sope or els with Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a sticke and to thrust that vp and downe into his nostrils so high as you may conueniently goe and let him be kept warm and drink no cold water Yea it shal be good for three or foure daies to boile in his water a little Fenegreek wheate meale and a few Annis seeds And euerie daie after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neeze cause him to be trotted vp and downe either in the warme Sunne or els in the house halfe an hour which would be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the cold in the head THe pose or cold in a horsse is the most generall disease that hapneth and is the easiest perceiued both by stopping ratling in the nose and coughing Markham the cure thereof is in this sort If it be but newly taken by some carelesse regard and immediately perceiued you shal need no other remedy but to keepe him warme euery Morning and Euening after his water to ride him forth and to trot him vp and downe very fast till his cold break and then gently to gallop him a little which moderate exercise with warme keeping will quickly recouer him againe but if the cold hath had long residence in him and still encreaseth then you shall giue him this drinke three daies togither Take of strong Ale one quart of the best Treakle six penniworth of long Pepper and graines of each as much beaten to powder of the iuice of Garlicke two spoonefuls boile all these togither and giue it the horsse to drinke so warme as he may suffer it and then trotte him vp and downe by the space of an houre or more and keepe him warme giuing him to drinke no cold water Of the diseases of the eies HOrsses eies be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or blood-shotten Blundevile to bee dim of sight to haue the pin and web and the haw whereof some comes of inward causes as of humors resorting to the eies and some of outward as of cold heate or stripe Of weeping or watering eies This as Laurentius Russius saith may come sometime by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite because it doeth not differ much from Martins experience heere following take of Pitch Rosen and Mastick a like quantity melt them togither Then with a little sticke hauing a clout bound to the end thereof and dipt therein annoint the Temple vaines on both sides a hand ful aboue the eies as broad as a Testern and then clap vnto it immediately a few flockes of like colour to the horsse holding them close to his head with your hand vntill they sticke fast vnto his head then let him blood on both sides if both sides be infected a handfull vnder the eies Russius also thinketh it good to wash his eies once a day with pure white wine and then to blow therein a little of Tartarum and of Pomis stone beaten into fine powder Of watering eyes WAtering eies commeth most commonly in some stripe or blowe and the cure is thus Lay vnto his Temples a plaister of Turpentine and Pitch molten together Markham then wash his eies with white Wine and afterward blow the pouder of burnt Allome into the same Of bloud-shotten eies also for a blow or itching and rubbing in the eies Martin neuer vsed any other medicine then this water heere following wherewith he did alwaies heale the foresaid griefes take of pure Rose water of Malmesie Blundevile of Fennel water of each three sponfuls of Tutia as much as you can easily take with your thumbe and finger of cloues a dozen beaten into fine powder mingle them together and being luke warme or cold if you will wash the inward part of the eie with a feather dipt therein twice a day vntill he be whole Russius saith that to bloudshotten eies it is
good to lay the white of an Egge or to wash them with the iuice of Selidonye Another of blood-shotten eies or any other sore eie comming of rume of other humor FOr any sore eye make this water take of the water of Eye-bright of Rosewater Markham and Malmesey of each three spoonefuls of Cloues 6. or seauen beaten to fine powder of the iuice of Houselicke two spoonefuls mix all these togither and wash the horsses eies therewith once a day and it will recouer him Of dimnesse of sight and also for the pin and web or any other spot in the eie IF the horsse be dim of sight or hath any pearle growing in his eie or thin film couering the ball of his eie than Russius would haue you take of pomis stone of Tartarum and of sal Gemma of each like weight Blundevile and being beaten into very fine powder to blow a little of that in his eie continuing so to do euerie daie once or twice vntill he be whole Martin saith that hee alwaies vsed to blow a little sandiuoire into the eie once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it will breake any pearle or web in short space and make the eie very cleare and faire Russius amongst a number of other medicines praiseth most al the powder of a blacke flint stone Of the Pin and Web and other dimnesse Markham FOr to cure the Pinne Web Peatle Fylme or other dimnesse vse this meanes following Take of Sandiuere the powder of burnt Allom and the powder of black Flint-stone of each like quantity and once a day blow a little thereof into the horsses eye and it will weare away such imperfect matter and make the eie cleere Of the Haw called of the Italians Il vnghia de gli occhi THis is a gristle couering sometime more then one halfe of the eie It proceedeth of grosse and tough humours Blundevile discending out of the heade which Haw as Martin saith would be cut away in this sort First pull both the eyelids open with two seuerall threds stitched with a needle to either of the lids Then catch holde of the Haw with another needle and thred and pull it out so far as you may cutte it round the bredth of a penny and leaue the blacke behind For by cutting away too much of the fat and blacke of the eie the horsse many times becommeth blear eied And the haw being clean taken away squirt a littie white wine or beere into his eie Another of the Haw A Haw is a grosse grissell growing vnder the eye of a horsse and couering more then one halfe of his sight Markham which if he bee suffered will in short time perrish the eie the cure is thus Lay your thumbe vnder his eie in the very hollow then with your finger pull downe the lid and with a sharpe needle and thred take hold of the haw and plucking it out with a sharpe knife cut it away the compasse of a penny or more that done wash the eie with a little Beere Of Lunaticke eies VEgetius writeth De oculo lunatico but he sheweth neither cause nor signes thereof but onely saith that the old men tearmed it so Blundevile because it maketh the eie sometime to looke as though it were couered with white and sometime cleare Martin saith that the horsse that hath this disease is blind at certain times of the Moone insomuch that he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will look yellowish yea and somewhat reddish which disease according to Martin is to be cured in this sort First vse the plaister mentioned before in the chapter of waterish or weeping eies in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharpe knife make two slittes on both sides of his head an inch long somewhat towardes the nose a handfull beneath the eies not touching the vaine and with a cornet loosen the skinne vpward the breadth of a groat and thrust therein a round peece of leather as broad as a two penny peece with a hole in the middest to keepe the whole open and looke to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continually run the space of ten daies then take the leather out and heale the wound with a little flax dipt in the salue heere following Take of Turpentine of hony of wax of each like quantity and boile them togither which being a little warmed wil be liquid to serue your purpose and take not away the plaisters from the temples vntil they fal away of themselues which being fallen then with a smal hot drawinge yron make a starre in the midst of each Temple vaine where the plaister did lie Which star would haue a hole in the middest made with the button end of your drawing yron Another of lunaticke or moone eies Markham OF these Lunaticke eyes I haue knowne diuers they are blinde at certaine times of the Moone they are very redde fiery and full of filme they come with ouer-riding and extraordinary heat and fury the cure of them is thus Lay vppon the Temples of his head a plaister of Pitch Rozen and Mastick molten togither very exceeding hot then with a little round yron made for the purpose burne three or foure holes an inch or more vnderneath his eies and annoint those holes euery day with Hogges greace then put it in his eies euery day with a little Hony and in short time he wil recouer his sight Of the Canker in the eie THis commeth of a ranke and corrupt blood discending from the head into the eie The signes You shall see red pimples some small and some great both within and without vpon the eye-lids and al the eye will looke redde Blundevile and be full of corrupt matter The cure according to Martin is thus Firste let him blood on that side the necke that the eie is greeued the quantity of a pottle Then take of Rochalum of greene Coporas of each half a pound of white Coporas one ounce and boile them in three pints of running water vntill the halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day wash his eie with this water being made luke warme with a fine linnen cloath and clense the eie therewith so oft as it may look raw continuing thus to do euery day vntill it be whole Of diseases incident to the eares and poll of the head and first of an Impostume in the eare IMpostumes breed either by reason of some blow or brusing or els of euil humors congealed in the eare by some extream colde the signes bee apparant by the burning and painefull swelling of the eare and part thereabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the impostume with this plaister Take of Lineseed beaten into powder of wheat Flower of each halfe a pint of hony a pint of Hogges greace or barrowes greace one pound
a straw deep so as both ends may meet vpon the breast then make a hole in his forehead hard vnder the fore-top and thrust in a cornet vpwarde betwixt the skin and the flesh a handfull deepe then put in a Goose feather doubled in the midst and annointed with Hogs-greace to keepe the hole open to the intent the matter may run out the space of ten daies But euery day during that time the hole must be clensed once and the feather also clensed and fresh annointed and so put in again And once a day let him stand vpon the bit one houre or two or be ridden two or three miles abroad by such a one as wil beare his head and make him to bring it in But if the Cricke be such as the Horsse cannot holde his necke straite but cleane awry as I haue seene diuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the Horsse be drawne with a hot iron on both sides of the necke but onely on the contrary side As for example if he bend his head toward the right side then to draw him as is a foresaid onely on the lefte side and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue saide and if neede bee you may splent him also with handsome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand right Of Wennes in the neck A Wen is a certaine kirnell like a tumor of swelling the inside whereof his hard like a gristle and spongious like a skin ful of wrets Of Wens some be great and some be small Againe some be very painefull and some not paineful at all The Physitians say that they proceede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius saith that they chance to a Horsse by taking cold or by drinking of waters that be extreame cold The cure according to Martin is thus take of Mallowes Sage and red nettles of each one handful boile them in running water and put therunto a litle butter and hony and when the herbs be soft take them out and all to bruise them and put thereunto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogs-greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done plaister it vpon a piece of leather so big as the Wen and lay it to so hot as the Horse may endure it renewing it euery day in such sort the space of eight daies and if you perceiue that it will come to no head then lance it from the midst of the Wen downward so deep as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and let out that doone heale it vp with this salue take of Turpentine a quarter and wash it nine times in faire new water then put thereunto the yolk of an egge and a little English Saffron beaten into powder and make a taint or rowle of Flax and dip it in that ointment and lay it vnto the sore renewing the same euery day once vntil it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloodletting THis may come of the fleame being rusty and so causing the vaine to rankle or else by meanes of some cold wind striking suddainely into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoint it with oyle of Camomell warmed and then lay vpon it a little hay wet in cold water and bind it about it with a cloth renewing it euery day the space of fiue daies to see whether it wil grow to a head or else vanish away If it grow to a head then giue it a slit with a lancet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by tainting it with Flax dipt in Turpentin and Hogs-greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntil it be whole How to staunch blood IF a Horsse be let blood when the signe is in the necke the vaine perhaps will not leaue bleeding so soone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chance then Russius saith it is good to binde thereunto a little new Horse dung tempered with chalke and strong vineger and not to remooue it from thence the space of three daies or else to lay thereunto burnt silke felt or cloath for al such things wil staunch blood Of the falling of the Crest THis commeth for the most part of pouerty Blundevile and specially when a fat Horse falleth away sodainely The cure according to Martin is thus Draw his Crest the deepnes a straw on the contrary side with a hot iron the edge of which iron would be halfe an inch broad and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vppon the edge of the mane euen vnderneath the rootes of the same bearing your hand right downward into the neckeward then answer that with another draught beneath so far distant from the first as the fal is broad compassing as it were al the fall but stil on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughts right in the midst draw a third draught then with a button iron of an inch about burne at each end a hole and also in the space betwixt the draughts make diuers holes distant three fingers broade one from another that done to slake the fire annoint it euery day once for the space of nine daies with a feather dipt in fresh butter moulten Then take Mallowes and Sage of each one a handfull boile them well in running water and wash the burning away vntill it be raw flesh then dry it vp with this powder Take of hony halfe a pinte and so much vnslect lime as wil make that hony thicke like paast then hold it in a fire-pan ouer the fire vntil it be baked so hard as it may be made in powder and sprinkle that vpon the sore places Of the falling of the Crest THe falling of the Crest is occasioned most commonly through pouerty yet somtimes I haue seen it chance through the il proportion of the crest Markham which being hye thicke and heauy the necke thin and weake vnderneath is not able to support or sustaine it vp how euer it be there is remedy for both if it proceede of pouerty first try by good keeping to get it vp againe but if it wil not rise or that the originall of the disease be in the il fashion of the crest then let this be the cure First with your hand raise vp the Crest as you would haue it stand or rather more to that side from which it declineth then take vp the skin betweene your fingers on that side from which the Crest swarueth and with a sharpe knife cut away the breadth of very neere an inch and the length of foure inches which doone stitche vp the skinne together againe with three or foure stitches and by meanes of strings weights or other deuises keepe the crest perforce leaning on that side applying thereunto a plaister of Deeres sewet and Turpentine boiled together till the sore
bee healed and at the selfe same instant that by this maner of insition you draw together and straiten the skin on that side you shal in this sort giue liberty to the other side wherby the crest may the easier attaine to his place Take a hot yron made in fashion of a knife the edge being a quarter of an inch broad and therewith from the vpper part of his crest vnto the neather part of the same extending towardes his shoulder draw three lines in this forme ‑ ‑ ‑ and the same anoint daily with fresh butter vntil such time as it be perfectly whole ‑ ‑ ‑ By this manner of cure you may make any laue-eard Horsse to be as pricke eard ‑ ‑ ‑ comly as any other Horse whatsoeuer Of the manginesse of the maine THe manginesse proceedeth of rankenesse of blood or of pouerty of lowsines or else of rubbing where a mangy Horsse hath rubbed Blundevile or of filthy dust lying in the mane for lacke of good dressing The signes be apparant by the itching and rubbing of the Horsse and the scabbes fretting both flesh and skin The cure according to Martin is thus take of fresh grease one pound of quicksiluer halfe an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of rape oyle halfe a pint mingle them together and stir them continually in a pot with a slice vntill the quicksiluer be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceiue no quicksiluer therein That done take a blunt knife or an old Horssecombe and scratch all the mangy places therewith vntill it bee raw and bloody and then annoint it with this ointment in the sunshine if it may be to the intent the ointment may sinke in or else hold before it a fire pan or some broad bar of iron made hot to make the ointment to melt into the flesh And if you see that within the space of three dayes after with this once annointing he leaue not rubbing then marke in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place againe and you shall see it heale quickly Of the falling of the haire of the mane IT falleth for the most part because it is eaten with little Wormes fretting the rootes in sunder which according to Martin you shall remedy in this sort Annoint the mane and Crest with sope then make stronglie and wash all the mane and Crest withall and that wil kill the wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefes in the withers TO a horsses withers and backe do chance many griefes and sorances which as Russius saith do sometime proceed of inward causes as of the corruption of humors and sometime of outward causes as through the galing and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heauy burthen laide on the horsses-backe or such like And of such griefes some be but superficiall blisters swellings light gals or brusings and be easily cured Some againe do pierce to the very bone and be dangerous and especially if they bee nigh the backe bone let vs first then shew you the cure of the smaller griefes and then of the greater Another of blistrings or small swellings in the withers or backe and gallings WHensoeuer you see any swelling rise then Martin woulde haue you to bind a litle hot horse dung vnto it and that will asswage it If not Blundevile then to pricke it round about the swelling either with a fleame or els with a sharpe pointed knife not too deepe but so as it may pierce the skin and make the blood to issue forth That done take of Mallowes or else of smallage two or three handfuls and boile them in running Water vntill they be so soft as pap Then straine the water from it and bruse the hearbs in a trean dish putting thereunto a little Hogges greace or els sallet oile or sheepes sewet or any other fresh greace boile them and stir them togither not frying them hard but so as it may be soft and supple and then with a clout laie it warme vpon the sore renewing it euerie daie once vntill the swelling be gone For this will either driue it awaie or els bring it into his heade which lightlie chaunceth not vnlesse there bee some gristle or boane perished Russius biddeth you so soone as you see any swilling rise to shaue the place with a rasor and lay thereunto this plaister take a little wheat flower and the white of an egge beaten togither and spreade it on a little clout which beeing laide vnto the swelling two or three daies and not remoued wil bring it to a heade and when you come to take it off pull it away so softly as you can possible and whereas you see the corruption gathred togither then in the lowest place thereof pierce it vpwarde with a sharpe yron somewhat hot that the corruption may come out and annoint the sore place euerie day once with fresh butter or Hogges greace but if the skinne be onely chafed off without anie swelling then wash the place with water and salt or els with warme Wine and springle this pouder thereon take of vnsleact lime beaten into fine pouder and mingle it with honie vntil it be as thicke as any paast and make rolles or bals thereof and bake them in a fire-pan ouer the fire vntil they be so hard as they may be brought to pouder for this is a verie good pouder to drie vp anie galling or sore The pouder of Mirre or burnt silke fealt or cloath or anie olde post is also good for such purposes but whensoeuer you vse this pouder of lime and honie let the place be washed as is aforesaide Of great swellings and inflammations in a Horsses withers IF the swelling be verie great then the cure according to Martin is thus First drawe round about the swelling with a hotte Iron and then crosse him with the same yron in maner of a checker then take a rounde hot yron hauing a sharpe point and thruste it into the swelling place on each side vp toward the point of the withers to the intent the matter may issue downward at the holes That done taint both the holes with a taint dipt in hogges greace to kil the fire and also annoint al the othâ—r burnt places therewith continuing so to doe vntil the swelling be asswaged renewing it euery day once vntil the fiery matter be clean fallen away and then taint him againe with washed Turpentine mingled with yolkes of Egges and Saffron in such manner as hath beene aforesaide renewing the taint euerie day once vntill it bee whole If you see that the swelling for all this goe not away then it is a signe of some impostumation within and therefore it shal be necessary to lance it and to let out the corruption then take of Hony halfe a pinte of Verdigrease two ounces beaten to powder and mingle it together with the Hony then boyle them in a pot vntill it looke red then being lukwarme make either a taint or plaister according as the wound shal
causie or high-way paued with stone and there one following him with a cudgel let him trot vp and down for the space of an hour or two or more that don set him vp and giue him some meat and for his drinke let him haue a warm mash some three or foure houres after this take off his garters and set him in some pond of water vp to the mid-side and so let him stand for two houres then take him out and set him vp the next day pul off his shooes and pare his feet very thin and let him blood both of his heeles and toes then set on his shooes again and stop them with hogs grease and bran boiling hot and splint them vp and so turne him out to run and he shall be sound Of the splent as well in the inside or outside of the knee as other where in the Legges THis sorance to any mans feeling is a very gristle sometime as big as a Walnut and sometime no more then a Hasel nut which is called of the Italians Spinella Blundevile and it commeth as Laurentius Russius saith by trauelling the horse too younge or by oppressing him with heauy burthens offending his tender sinnewes and so causeth him to halt It is easie to know because it is apparant to the eye and if you pinch it with your thumbe and finger the horse will shrinke vp his leg The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Wash it wel with warm water and shaue off the haire and lightly scarifie al the sore places with the point of a rasor so as the bloode may yssue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a spoonefull and of Euforbium as much beaten into fine powder and mingle them together with a spoonefull of oile de bay and then melt them in a little pan stirring them well together so as they may not boile ouer and being so boiling hot take two or 3. feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the Horse stir from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not off the ointment Then carry him fair and softly into the stable and tye him as he may not reach with his head beneath the manger for otherwise hee wil couet to bite away the smarting and pricking medicine which if it should touch his lips would quickly fetch of the skin And also let him stand without litter all that day and night The next day annoint the sore place with fresh butter continuing so to do euery day once for the space of 9. daies for this shal allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith either cleane take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much diminish it as the Horse shal goe right vp and halte no more through occasion thereof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fiering it longst wise and ouerthwart I haue seen the splent to be cleane taken away thus first hauing clipt away the haire growing vpon the hard place you must beat it with a good big stick of hasill almost a foot long in which sticke somwhat distant from the one end thereof would be set fast a sharp pricke of a little piece of steele to pricke the sore place therewith once or twice to make the bloode yssue out neuer leauing to beat it first softly and then harder and harder vntil it waxeth soft in euery place to the feeling and to thrust out the bloud partly with the sticke leaning on it with both your hands and partly with your thumbs that done wind about the sore place with a piece of double red wollen cloth holding it so as it may lye close thereunto then feare it vpon the cloth with the flat side of your fearing iron made hot and not red-hot but so as it may not burne through the cloth that done take away the cloth and lay vpon the sore a peece of shoomakers wax made like a little cake so broad as is the sore place and then sear that into his Legs with your searing iron vntill the wax be throughly molten dryed and sunken into the sore that don seare another piece of waxe in like manner into the sore vntill it be dryed vp and then you may trauell your horse immediatly vpon it if you will for he will not halt no more Of the splent A Splent is a sorance of the least moment vnlesse it bee on the knee or else a through Splent both which cannot bee cured A Splent is a spungy harde grissell or bone Markham growing fast on the inside of the shin-bone of a Horsse where a little making stark the sinnewes compels a Horsse somewhat to stumble the cures are diuers and thus they be If the splent be young tender and but new in breeding then cast the horse and take a spoonefull of that Oyle called Petrolium and with that Oyle rubbe the Splent till you make it soft then take a fleame such as you let a horse bloud withall and strike the splent in two or three places then with your two thombes thrust it hard and you shal see crusht matter blood come out which is the very Splent then set him vp and let him rest or run at grasse for a weeke or more others for a young Spleent do thus take a hasell sticke and cut it square and therewithall beate the splint till it be soft then take a blew cloath and lay vppon the splent and take a Taylors pressing yron made hot and rub it vp and downe vpon the cloath ouer the splent and it shall take it cleane away But if the splent be old great and growne to the perfection of hardnesse then you must cast the Horse and with a sharp knife slit down the splent then take Cantharides and Euforbium of each like quantity and boyle them in Oyle debay and with that fill vp the slit and renewe it for three daies together then take it away anoint the place with Oyle debay Oyle of Roses or Tar vntill it be whole Of a Malander Blundevile A Malander is a kinde of scab growing in the forme of lines or strokes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath long haires with stubborne rootes like the bristles of a Bore which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh like the rootes of a child as scabbed head and if it bee great it will make the Horse to go stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease proceedeth sometime of corrupt bloode but most commonly for lacke of cleane keeping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus First wash it well with warm water then shaue both haire and scab clean away leauing nothing but the bare flesh whereunto lay this plaister Take a spoonefull of Sope and as much of lime mingle them together that it may be like paast
garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to go awhile to put him in a heat and being somewhat warme let him bloode in the thigh vaines reseruing of that blood a pottle to make him a charge in this sort Put vnto that blood of Wheat-flower and of Beane-flower of each a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armony one pound of Sanguis Draconis two ounces six Egges shels and al of Turpentine halfe a pound of Vineger a quart Mingle al these thinges togither and therewith charge both his hinder Legges his Reynes and Flankes al against the haire And if the horse cannot dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister take of Mallowes three handfuls and boile them wel in faire Water from a pottle to a quart Then straine it and put thereunto halfe a pounde of Butter and of Sallet Oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly giue him also this drinke to comforte him take of Malmesie a quart and put thereunto a little Cinamon Mace and Pepper beaten into fine powder and of Oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that Luke-warme with a horne That don let him be walked vp and downe a good while togither if he be able to go if not then tie him vp to the racke and let him be hanged with Canuas and ropes so as he may stand vppon the ground with his feet For the lesse he lieth the better and pare his hinder feet thin vntill the deaw come out and tacking on the shooes againe stoppe the hooues with bran and hogs greace boiled togither and let both his feet hauing this geere in it be wrapped vp in a cloath euen to his pasternes and there tie the clout fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and giue him in winter wet hay and in Summer grasse Of the dry Spauen Blundevile THe dry Spauin called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great hard knob as big as a Walnut growing in the inside of the hough hard vnder the ioynt nigh vnto the maister vaine and causeth the horse to halt which sorance commeth by kind because the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation and sometime by extreame labour and heat dissoluing humors which do descend thorough the maister vaine continually feeding that place with euil nutriment and causeth that place to swel Which swelling in continuance of time becommeth so hard as a bone and therefore is called of some the bone-Spauen It needeth no signes or tokens to knowe it because it is very much apparant to the eie and therefore most Ferrers doe take it to be incurable Notwithstanding Martin saith that it may bee made lesse with these remedies heere following Wash it with warme water and shaue off the haire so farre as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may bleed Then take of Cantharides one dozen of Euforbium halfe a spoonefull breake them into powder and boile them togither with a little oile de Bay and with two or three feathers bound togither put it boiling hot vpon the sore and let his taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after set him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe al the night for feare of rubbing off the medicine and the next day annoint it with fresh butter continuing thus to do euery day once the space of fiue or sixe daies and when the haire is growne againe draw the sore place with a hot yron Then take another hot sharpe yron like a Bodkin somewhat bowing at the point and thruste it in at the neather end of the middle-line and so vppeward betwixt the skinne and the flesh to the compasse of an inch and a halfe And then taint it with a little Turpentine and Hogges-greace moulten together and made warme renewing it euery day once the space of nine daies But remember first immediately after his burning to take vppe the maister vaine suffering him to bleed a little from aboue and tie vp the vper end of the vaine and leaue the neather end open to the intent that hee may bleede from beneath vntil it cease it selfe and that shal diminish the Spauen or else nothing wil do it Of the Spauen both bone and blood DOubtlesse a Spauen is an euil sorance and causeth a horse to hault principally in the beginning of his griefe Markham it appeareth on the hinder Legges within and against the ioynt and it will bee a little swolne and some horses haue a thorough Spauen which appeareth both within and without Of the Spauen there are two kindes the one hard the other soft That is a bone-Spauen and a blood-Spauen for the bone-Spauen I holde it harde to cure and therefore the lesse necessary to be dealt withal except very great occasion vrge and thus it may be holpen Cast the horse and with a hot yron slitte the flesh that couereth the Spauen and then lay vpon the Spauen Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay and annoint his legges round about either with the oile of Roses and with Vngueâ—tum album camphiratum Dresse him thus for three daies togither then afterwarde take it awaye and for three daies more lay vnto it onely vpon Flaxe and vnsleact lime then afterward dresse it with Tarre vntil it be whole The Cantharides and Euforbium wil eat kil the spungy bone the lime wil bring it clean away and the Tarre wil sucke out the poison and heale al vp sound but this cure is dangerous for if the incision be done by an vnskilful man and he either by ignorance or by the swaruing of his hand burne in twaine the great vaine that runnes crosse the Spauen then the horse is spoiled Now for the blood Spauen that is easily helpt for I haue knowne diuers which haue beene but newly beginning helpt onely by taking vppe the Spauen vaine and letting it bleed wel beneath and then stop the wound with Sage and Salt but if it be a great blood Spauen then with a sharpe knife cut it as you burnt the bone Spauen and take the Spauen away then heale it vp with Hogges-greace and Turpentine onely Of the wet Spauen or through Spauen THis is a soft swelling growing on both sides of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may bee called a through Spauen But for the most part the swelling is on the inside because it is continually fed of the master vain is greater than the swelling on the outside The Italians cal this sorance Laierda or Gierdone which seemeth to come of a more fluxible humor and not so viscous or slimy as the other Spauen doeth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doeth and this is more curable then the other It needes no signes because it is apparant
Rape oyle a pinte Mingle these thinges well together vntill the Quicke-siluer be throughly incorporated with the rest and hauing annointed all the raw places with this ointment make it to sinke into the flesh by holding and weauing vp and downe ouer it a hot broad barre of yron and then touch him no more againe the space of two or three daies during which time if you see that he rubbeth still in any place then rub that place againe with an old horse-combe to make it raw and annoint it with fresh ointment But if all this will not helpe then with a hot yron and blunt at the point so big as a mans little finger burne all the mangy places making round holes passing only thorough the skin and no further For which intent it shall be needefull to pull the skinne first from the flesh with your left hand holding it still vntil you haue thrust the hot yron thorough it and let euery hole bee a spanne off one from another and if neede be you may annoint those holes with a little sope and let the horse be thinne dieted during his curing time Of the Farcin called in Italian of some Il verme and of some Farcina THis is a kind of creeping vlcer growing in knots following along some veine and it proceedeth of corrupt blood ingendred in the body or else of some outward hurt as of spurgalling or the biting of some other horse or of biting of ticks or of hogs lice or such like causualties Or if it be in the legges it may come by interferring It is easilye knowne partly by the former description and also it is apparant to the eie The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud in that vaine where it commeth as nigh the sore place as may be and let him bleed well then fire euery knot one by one taking the knot in your left hand and pulling it so hard as you can from his body to the intent you maye the better pierce the knot with a blunt hot yron of the bignesse of a mans fore-finger without doing the body any hurt let out the mater leauing none vnburnd be it little or much That done annoint euery knot so burned with Hogges-greace warmed euery day once vntill the coares be ready to fall away and in the meane time prepare a good quantity of old Vrine and when you see the coares ready to fal boile the vrine and put therein a little Coporas and salt and a few strong nettles and with that water being warm wash out all the coares and the corruption That done fill euery hole immediately with the powder of slect lime continuing thus to do euery day once vntill the holes be closed vp and if any be more ranker than other fill those with Verdigrease and during this cure let the horse be thinly dieted that is to say with straw and water onely vnlesse it be nowe and then to giue him a loafe or breade For the lower he be kept the sooner he will be whole And in any wise let his necke be yoked in an olde bottomelesse paile or else with short staues to keepe him from licking the sores and the lesse rest he hath the better Or do thus Take a good great Dock-root clean scraped and cutte thereof fiue little rundels or cakes to be vsed as followeth First with a knife make a slit right down in the horses forhed three inches longe then with a Cornet loosen the skinne within the flesh so as you may easily put therein fiue rundels of Docke that is to say two on each side of the slit one aboue another and put the fift rundle in the very midst betwixt the other foure that done fasten to each of the slits two short shoo-makers ends to serue as laces to tie in the foresaide rundles so as they may not fall out and clense the sore euery day once for the vertue of the root is such as it will draw al the filthy matter from any part of the body yea though the Farcin be in the hinder Legges which matter is to be wiped away from time to time and new rootes to be thrust into the the slit according as you see it needefull Of the Farcion THe Farcion is a vilde disease ingendred of ill bloud flegmaticke matter and vnkindly feeding it appeareth in a horse like vnto little knottes in the flesh as bigge as a Hasell Nutte Markham the knottes will encrease daily and inflame impostume and breake and when the knots amount to threescore they wil euery night after breed so many more till they haue ouer-runne the horses bodye and with the poison which is mighty and also strong soone bring gim to his death This disease is very infectious and dangerous for some horses yet if it be taken in any time it is easie to be holpen the cure thereof is in this manner Take a sharpe Bodkin and thrust it through the neather part of his nose that he may bleede or if you will to let him bloude in the necke-vaine shall not be amisse then feele the knots and as many as are soft launce them and let them runne then take strong Lye Lime and Allum and with the same bath all his sores and it shall in short space cure him There is also another manner of curing this disease and that is thus Take a sharpe launce-knife and in the top of the horses forehead iust betweene his eies make a long slit euen to the scull then with a blunt instrument for the purpose lose the flesh from the scalp a pretty compasse then take Carret-rootes cut into little thinne round pieces and putte them betweene the skinne and the scull as many as you can then close vp the wound and once a daie annoint it with fresh Butter This is a most sure and approued way to cure the Farcion for looke how this wound thus made shall rot waste and grow sound so shall the Farcion breake drie vp and be healed because all the poison that feedeth the disease shall be altogether drawne into the fore-head where it shall die and waste away The onely fault of this cure is it will be somwhat long and it is a foule eie-sore vntil it be whole Some vse to burne this sorance but that is naught and dangerous as who so proues it shal find A most approued medicine to cure the Farcion TAke of Aqua-vitae two spoonfuls of the iuyce of hearbe of grace as much Markham mingle them together then take of plegants or Bals of Flax or Toe and steepe them therein and stop them hard into the Horses eares then take a needle and a thread and stitch the tips of his two eares together by meanes whereof he cannot shake out the medicine and vse him thus but three seuerall mornings and it will kill any Farcion whatsoeuer for it hath bin often approued Another medicine of the same SLit euery hard kernell with a sharpe knife and fill the hole with an
ointment made of old Lard Sope and gray Salt for that will eat out the coare and cause it to rot and so fall out of the one accord Of the Canker called of the Italian Il Canero A Canker is a filthy creeping vlcer fretting and gnawing the flesh in gret breadth In the beginning it is knotty much like a Farcine Blundevile and spreadeth it selfe into diuers places and being exulcerated gathereth togither in length into a wound or sore This proceedeth of a melancholy and filthy blood ingendered in the body which if it be mixt with Salt humors it causeth the more painefull and greeuous exulceration and sometime it commeth of some filthy wound that is not cleanly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankereth other clean parts of the body It is easie to be knowne by the description before The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Frst let him blood in those vaines that be next the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alum halfe a pound of greene Coporas and of white Coporas of each one quarterne and a good handfull of Salt boile all these things togither in faire running water from a pottle to a quart And this water being warme wash the sore with a cloath and then sprinkle thereon the powder of vnslecked lime continuing so to do euery day once the space of fifteen daies and if you see that the lime do not mortifie the ranke flesh and keepe it from spreading any further then take of blacke Sope halfe a pounde of Quicke-siluer halfe an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the Quicke-siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceiue none of the Quicke-siluer in it And with an yron slice after that you haue washed the sore with the stronge water aforesaide couer the wound with this ointment continuing thus to do euery day once vntill the Canker leaue spreading abroad And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke flesh is mortified and that the edges begin to gather a skin then after the washing dresse it with the lime as before continuing so to vntil it be whole And in the dressing suffer no filth that commeth out of the sore to remaine vppon any whole place about but wipe it cleane away or else wash it away with warme water And let the horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and thoroughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking vlcer and for the most part springes of maligne humors ingendered in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easie to know by the description before The cure according to Martin is thus Firste search the depth of it with a quill or with some other instrument of lead that may be bowed euery way meet for the purpose For vnlesse you find the bottome of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottome if it be in such a place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a launcet or rasor then make a slit right against the bottome so as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spungy or loose flesh which must be gotten out and then taint it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this ointment Take of hony a quarterne and of Verdigrease one ounce beaten into powder Boile them together vntill it looke redde stirring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taint wherewith and bolster the taint with a bolster of flax And if it be in such a place as the taint cannot conueniently be kept in with a band then fasten on each side of the hole two ends of Shoomakers thread right ouer the bolster to keepe in the taint which ends may hang there as two laces to tye and vntie at your pleasure renewing the taint euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprinckling thereon a little slect lime But if the Fistula be in such a place as a man can neither cut right against the bottome or nigh the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water through some quill or such like thing so as it may goe to the very bottome and dry vp all the filthy matter dressing him so twice a day vntill the horse be whole Of an Aubury THis is a great spungy Wart full of blood called of the Italians Moro or Selfo which may grow in any place of the body and it hath a root like a Cocks stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tie it with a thred so hard as you can pull it the thred will eate by little and little in such sort as within seauen or eight daies it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharpe hotte yron cutting it round about and so deepe as you may leaue none of the root behind and dry it with Verdigreace Russius saith that if it grow in a place full of sinnewes so as it cannot be conueniently cut away with a hot yron then it is good to eat out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stop the hole with flax dipt in the white of an Egge for a day or two and lastly to drie it vp with the powder of vnslect lime and hony as before is taught Of Wounds VVOunds commeth by meanes of some stripe or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole part is cut or broken For a wound according to the Phisitians is defined to be a solution diuision or parting of the whole For if there be no solution or parting then methinkes it ought rather to be called a bruse then a wound And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharpe or piercing weapons and bruses with blunt weapons Notwithstanding if by such blunt weapons anie part of the whole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wound as wel as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe and hollow Againe some chance in the fleshy partes and some in the bonye and sinnewie places And those that chaunce in the fleshy parts though they be verie deepe yet they be not so dangerous as the other and therefore we will speak first of the most dangerous If a horse haue a wound newly made either in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinnewes bones or gristles first Martin would haue you to wash the wounde well with white wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wound with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little winde in the meane while as may be Then hauing found the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your salue be
three yolkes of egges and a little Saffron and taint it with that ointment renewing it euery day once vntill the wound be whole Of burning with Lime or any other fiery thing MArtin saith First wash away the Lime if there bee any with warme water Then kill the fire with oyle and Water beaten together dressing him so euery daye vntill it be all raw and then annoint it with hogs grease and strew thereupon the powder of slecked lime dressing him so euery day once vntill it be whole Of the biting of a mad Dog IF a Horse be bitten with a mad dog the venom of his teeth will not onely paine him extreamely but also infect all his blood and make him to dye mad The cure according to the old writers is thus Take of Goats dung of flesh that hath laide long in salt and of the herbe Ebulus called of some Danewort of each halfe a pound and xl walnuts Stamp all these things together and lay thereof vnto the sore and this will sucke out the venom and heale the wound It is good also to giue the Horse Treacle and Wine to drinke yea and some would haue the sore place to be fiered with a hot iron Of hurts by tuskes of a Boare IF a horse be hurt with the tuske of a Boare lay Vitriol and Coporas thereunto and the powder of a dogs head being burned but let the tong be first pulled out and cast away To heale the biting or stinging of Serpents LAurentius Russius saith Take a good quantity of the herb called Sanicula stamp it and distemper it with the milke of a Cowe that is all of one colour and giue him that to drinke and that will heale him Another medicine for the same purpose MAke a plaister of Onions hony and salt stampt and mingled together and lay that to the sore place and giue the horse wine and treacle to drink Absirtus would haue you to giue him white Pepper Rue and Time to drinke with wine Of drinking of horseleaches IF a Horse chance to drinke horseleaches they will continually sucke his bloud and kill him The remedy according to Absirtus is to poure oyle into the Horses mouth which will make them to fall away and kill them Of swallowing downe hens dung IF a horse swallow downe hens dung in his hay it will fret his guts and make him to void filthy matter at the fundament For remedy whereof Absirtus would haue you to giue him drinke made of smallage seede wine and hony and to walke him throughly vpon it that he may empty his belly Of Lice and how to kill them THey be like Geese Lice but somewhat bigger they will breede most about the eares necke and taile and ouer all the body They come of pouerty Blundevile and the horse will bee alwaies rubbing and scratching and will eate his meate and not prosper withall and with rubbing he will breake all his mane and taile The cure according to Martin is thus Annoint the place with sope and quicksiluer well mingled together and to a pound of sope put halfe an ounce of quicksiluer Of Lousinesse THere be Horsses that will be Lousie and it commeth of pouerty cold and il keeping Markham and it is oftnest amongst young horses and most men take little heed vnto it and yet they will dye thereon the cure is to wash them three mornings together in Stau-aker and warme water How to saue horsses from the stinging of flies in Summer ANnoint the Horsses coat with oyle and Bay berries mingled together or tie to the headstall of his collar a sponge dipt in strong vineger or sprinkle the stable with water wherein hearb Grace hath bin laid in steepe or perfume the stable with Iuie or with Calomint or with Gith burned in a pan of coles Of bones being broken out of ioynt FEw or none of our Ferrers do intermeddle with any such griefes but do refer it ouer to the bone setter whose practised hand I must needes confesse to be needful in such businesse Notwithstanding for that it belongeth to the Ferrers art and also for that the old writers do make some mention therof I thought good not to passe it ouer altogither with silence Albeit they speake odlye of fractures in the legs beneath the knee For they make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee taking them to be incurable vnlesse it be a rib or such like If a bone then be broken in the leg it is easie to perceiue by feeling the roughnesse and inequality of the place grieued one part being higher then another the cure whereof according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in this sorte First put the bone againe into his right place That done wrap it about with vnwasht wooll binding it fast to the leg with a small linnen roller soked before in Oyle and vineger mingled together And let that roller be laid on as euen as is possible and vpon that lay againe more wooll dipt in oyle and vineger and then splent it with three splents binding them fast at both ends with a thong and let the horses leg be kept straight and right out the space of forty daies and let not the bonds be loosened aboue 3. times in twenty daies vnlesse it shrinke and so require to be new drest and bound again But faile not euery day once to poure on the sore place through the splentes oyle and vineger mingled together And at the forty daies end if you perceiue that the broken place be sowdered together again with some hard knob or gristle then loosen the bonds so as the horse may go faire and softly vsing from that time forth to annoint the place with some soft greace or ointment Of broken bones I Haue not for mine owne part had any great experience in broken bones of a Horse because it chanceth seldom Markham and when it doth chance what through the horses brutish vnrulinesse and the immoderate maner of the act it is almost held incurable yet for the little experience I haue I haue not found for this purpose any thing so soueraine or absolut good as oyle of Mandrag which applyed conglutinateth and bindeth together any thing especially bones being either shiuered or broken Of bones out of ioynt IF a Horses knee or shoulder be clean out of ioynt and no bone broken Martin saith the readiest way is Blundevile to bind all the foure legs together in such sort as hath bin taught before in the chap. of incording and then to hoise the Horsse somewhat from the ground with his heeles vpward so shal the weight and peise of his body cause the ioynt to shoot in again into the right place for by this means he pleasured not long since a friend and neighbor of his who going with his cart from S. Alboâ—s towards his owne house his Thiller fell and put his shoulder cleane out of ioynt so as he was neither able to rise nor being holpen vp could stand on
neither at any time shall the childe be bitten by the horse Sextus The teeth which do first of all fall from horses being bound or fastned vpon children in their infancie do very easily procure the breeding of the teeth but with more speed and more effectually if they haue neuer touched the grovnd wherefore the poet doth very wel apply these verses saying Collo igitur molli dentes nectentur equini Qui prima fuerint pullo crescente caduci It is also said that if the haire of a horse be fastned vnto the house of a mans enemy it wil be a meanes that neither little flies or small gnats shall flie by his dwelling place or aboad The tongue of a horse being neuer accustomed vnto wine Pliny is a most present and expedient medicide to alay or cure the milt of a man or Woman as Caecilius Bion reporteth vnto vs that he learned it of the Barbarians But Marcellus saith that the horse tongue ought to be dried and beaten into small pouder and put into any drinke except Wine onely and foorthwith it will shew the commodity which riseth thereuppon by easing either man or Woman of the paine of the spleene or milt diuers also do thinke that a horses tongue vsed after this manner is a good meanes or preseruatiue against the biting of Serpentes or any other venemous creatures But for the curing of any sores or griefes in the inward partes the genitall of a horsse is most of all commended for as Pliny supposeth this genitall of a horse is very medicinable for the loosing of the belly as also the bloud marrow or liuer of a Goate but these thinges doe rather dry vp and close the belly as before we haue taught concerning the Goat Plinius In the heart of Horsses there is found a bone most like vnto a dogs tooth it is saide that this doth driue away all griefe or sorrow from a mans heart and that a tooth being pulled from the cheekes or iaw bones of a dead horse doth shew the full and right number of the sorrowes of the party so grieued The dust of a horse hoofe annointed with oile and water Plinius doth driue away impostumes and little bunches which rise in the flesh in what part of the body soeuer they be and the dust of the hoofe of an asse annointed with oile water and whot vrine doth vtterly expell all wens and kernels which do rise in the neck arme-holes or any other part of the body of either man or woman The genitall of a gelded horse dryed in an ouen beaten to powder and giuen twice or thrice in a little whot broath to drinke vnto the party grieued is by Pliny accounted an excellent and approued remedy for the secunds of a woman The foame of a horse or the dust of a horse hoofe dried is very good to driue away shamefastnes being annointed with a certaine titulation Marcellus The scrapings of the horses hoofes being put in wine and poured into the horsses nostrils do greatly prouoke his vrin The ashes also of a horsses hoofe being mingled with wine and water doth greatly ease and helpe the disease called the collicke or stone as also by a perfume which may be made by the hoofes of Horses being dryed a child which is still borne is cast out The milke of Mares is of such an excellent vertue that it doth quite expell the poyson of the Sea-hare all other poison whatsoeuer drink also mingled with Mares milk doth make the body loose and laxatiue It is also counted an excellent remedy against the falling sicknesse to drinke the stones of a Boare out of Mares milke or water Hippocrates If there be any filth or matter lying in the matrice of a woman lether take Mares milke boiled and througly strained and presently the filth and excrements will void cleane away If so be that a Woman be barren and cannot conceiue let her then take Mares milke not knowing what it is and let her presently accompany with a man and she wil conceiue The milk of a Mare being drunk doth asswage the labor of the matrice and doth cause a still child to bee cast forth If the seede of hen-bane be beaten small and mingled with Mares milke and bound with a Harts skin so that it may not touch the ground and fastened or bound to a woman they will hinder her conception The thinnest or latest part of the milke of a Mare doth very easily gently and without any danger purge the belly Mares milke being daily annointed with a little hony doth without any paine or punishēnt take away the wounds of the eies being new made Cheese made of Mares milke doth represse and take away all wringings or aches in the belly whatsoeuer If you anoint a combe with the foame of a horse wherwith a young man or youth doth vse to comb his head it is of such force as it will cause the haire of his head neither to encrease or any whit to appeare The foame of a horse is also very much commended for them which haue either pain or difficulty of hearing in their ears or else the dust of horse-dung being new made and dryed and mingled with oyle of Roses The griefe or sorenes of a mans mouth or throat being washed or annointed with the foame of a Horse which hath bin fed with Oates or barly doth presently expell the paine of the sorenesse if so be that it be 2. or 3. times washed ouer with the iuyce of young or greene Sea-crabs beaten small together but if you cannot get the Sea-crabs which are greene sprinkle vpon the griefe the smal powder which doth come from dried Crabs which are baked in an Ouen made of brasse and afterward wash the mouth where the paine is and you shall finde present remedy The fome of a horse Rasis being 3. or 4. times taken in drinke doth quiet expell and driue away the cough But Marcellus doth affirme that whosoeuer is troubled with the cough or consumption of the lunges and doth drinke the foame of a Horse by it selfe alone without any drinke shall finde present help and remedy but as Sextus saith the horse will presently die after it The same also being mingled with hot water and giuen to one who is troubled with the same diseases Marcellus being in manner past al cure doeth presently procure health Rasis but the death of the horse doth instantly ensue The sweat of a horse being mingled with wine and so drunke doth cause a woman which is very big and in great labor to cast a still childe Albertus The sweat of any beast but as Albertus saith onely of a horse doth breed wind in a man or womans face being put thereupon Rasis and besides that doth bring the squince or squincy as also a filthy stinking sweat If swords kniues or the points of speares when they are red fire hot be annointed with the sweat of a
Also Hippocrates prescribeth this medicine following for a remedy or purgation to the belly Plinie first make a perfume of Barly steeped in oyle vpon some coles and then seeth some mutton or sheeps flesh very much and with decoction of Barley set it abroade all day and night and afterwaâ—d seeth it againe and eat or sup it vp warm and then the next day with hony Frankincense and Parsely all beaaen and mingled togither make a suppository and with wooll â—ut it vp vnder the party and it shall ease the distresse The same flesh burned and mixâ—â— in water by washing cureth all the maladies or diseases arising in the secrets and the â—roath of Mutton Goose or Veale wil help against the poison by biting if it be not drawn â—â—t by cupping glasse nor by horse-leach The sewet of a sheepe melted at the fire and with a linnen cloath annointed vpon a burned place doth greatly ease the paine thereof The liuer with the suet and Nitre causeth the scars of the flesh to become of the same coâ—â—ur that it was before the wound it being mixed with toasted salt scattereth the bunches in the flesh and with the dust of womens haire cureth fellons in the fingers or any parte of the bodies The sewet of sheepe or goats being mingled with the iuice of rennish wine grape and shining horse-flies doeth without all scruple or doubt ease the paine of the 〈…〉 bee annointed theâ—â— upon The fâ—â— of sheepe doeth very easily expel the roughnes of tâ—e â—ailes The â—ewet of sheepe or any other small beast being mixed with the herbe called Melander and pounded with Alum afterward baked together and wrought into the maner of a â—eare-cloath Marcellus doeth verie much ease those which are burned by fire in any parts of their body being wel applied thereto The sewet of a sheepe being also applyed to those which â—â—ancâ—kibes in the heeles or chilbâ—anes in their feet wil presently heale them The sewet of a sheepe mixed with womens haire which is burnt to pouder doeth very effectually cure those which haue their ioynts or articles loose beeing annointed thereupon Pliny The fat of Goats or sheepe moistned with warme water and boiled togither being annointed vppon the eies doth speedily cure all paines spots or blemishes in the same whatsoeuer The fat of a sheepe boiled and drunke with sharpe wine is an excellent remedy against the cough The same medicine is also effectually vsed for the expelling of horses coughes The sewet of a sheep being boiled with sharpe wine doth very speedily cure the obstruction of the small guts bloody flixe and any cough of what continuance soeuer Marcellus The same being in like manner drunke while it is hot is accounted for an excellent remedy against the collicke passion The sewet of a sheepe or of a male-Goat being mingled with the fime or dung of a female goat and Saffron doth very effectually cure those which are troubled with the gowt or swelling of the ioynts being anointed vpon the place so greeued It is alâ—o reported that the outward sewet of sheepe betweene the flesh and the skinne betweene the hinder legges is very wholesome for the curing of sundry paines and diseases dioscorides Sheepes sewet or the fat of any other small beast being gathered from the reynes mixed with salt and the dust of a pumeise stâ—ne being applyed vnto the yard of any man doth very speedily cure all paines Aches or swellings therein The fat of sheepe which is gathered from the caule or cell being mingled with the aforesaid medicines do heale all other paines in the priuy members of man or Woman whatsoeuer The same sewet doeth stay the great excesse of bleeding in the nose being anoynted therevppon Sheepes sewet mixed with Goose greace and certaine other medicines being taken in drinke doth helpe abortments in women The liuer of a Sheepe is accounted an excellent remedy against the shedding of the haire on the eye liddes being rubbed thereuppon The same being also baked or boyled is accounted verye profitable for sheepes eies if it be well rubbed thereon The marrow of sheepe is very good to annoint all aches and swellings whatsoeuer Hippocrates The hornes of sheep or of goats pounded to powder mingled with parched barley which hath bene well shaled and altogither mixed with oile being taken in a certaine perfume doth helpe women of their seconds and restoreth to them their menstruall â—uxes Sheepes hornes burned and beaten in wine vntill they be tempered like a pill the right foot being annointed with the right horne and the left foote with the left will mittigate the sorrow of those which are very sore pained and troubled with the gowt Rasis Rhewmaticke or watry eies being annointed with the braines of sheep are very speedy and effectuaâ—ly cured The braines of the same beast is exceeding profitable for the breeding of young childrens teeth being annointed vppon the gums The lungs or light of small beasts but especiallie of a ram doe restore the true skinne and colour of the flesh in chose whose bodies are full of chops and scarres Plinie The lunges or lights of the same beast concocted vppon the vppermost skinne of anye man and applyed verie hot thereunto doe diminish the blacke or blew places therein which haue bin receeiued by the occasion of any stripes or blowes The lungs of sheepe being new taken out of their bellies and applied while they are hot vnto beaten or bruised places Marcellus doeth quite abolish the signes thereof and in shortspace procure remedy The lungs of sheepe or smal Cattle being roasted and taken by any man before hee drinketh wil resist all kind of drunkennesse The lunges of sheepe taken out of their bellies and bound about the heads of those which are phâ—eâ—sie while they are hot will verie speedily ease them of their trouble The lungs of sheep being hot and bound to the head is acounted very profitable for those which are troubled with the pesteferous disease called the drowsie euill The lungs of sheepe being boild with Hempe seed so that the flesh be eaten and the water wherein it is sod be drunke doth very effectually cure those which are greeued with excoriations in their bellies and the bloody flixe The lunges of sheepe being applyed while they are hot doth heale the gowt The liuer of white sheepe well boiled made moist with water thoroughly beaten and applyed vnto the eye-lids doth purge Rhewmatick eies Hippocrates and cause them to be of a more cleare and ample sight If a woman bearing young shall be puffed vp with winde giue her the liuer of a sheepe or goat beaten into small powder while it is hot being pure and without mixture for foure daies togither to eate and let her drinke onely wine and this will very speedily cure her The gall of a sheepe mingled with hony healeth the Vlcers of the eares and procureth easie hearing The gall of a sheepe mingled with sweet wine
especially in the secrets and seat being mixed with Melitote and butter and it hath the same vertue against running sores The same also with barly meale and rust of iron equally mixed together is profitable against al swelling tumors Carbuncles Tetters Serpigoes and such like it eateth away al proud flesh in the brims of vlcers reducing the same to a naturall habit and equality also filling vp the sore and healing it and the same vertue is by Dioscorides attributed to wooll burnt also in bruses vpon the head when the skinne is not broken a poutesse made hereof is said by Galen to haue excellent force and vertue The same mingled with roses and the oare of brasse cald Nil cureth the holy fire and being receiued with Myrrh steeped in two cups of wine it encreaseth or procureth sleepe and also is very profitable against the falling sicknes And being mixed with Corsuke Hony it taketh away the spots in the face because it is most sharp and subtile wherunto some adde butter but if they be whealed and filled with matter then prick and open them with a needle and rub them ouer with a dogs gall or a calfes gall mingled with the said Oesypus Marcellus also being instilled into the head with oyle it cureth the megrim and furthermore it is vsed against all sorenesse of the eies and scabs in their corners or vpon the eye-lids being sod in a new shell and the same vertue is attributed to the smoke or soote thereof if the eye-browes or eye-lids be annointed herewith mixed with Myrrhe and warmed it is thought that it will restore the haire that is wanting and fallen off but Marcellus prescribeth it in this manner you must take Oesypus or sweat of sheep from vnder the wooll of their shoulders and adding vnto it a like quantity of Myrrhe beate them together in a morter and with a warme cloth annoint the bare places If there be any bruse in the eies then you must annoynt them first with Goose-grease and the blood of a Mallard and afterward with the sweate of a sheep and the same cureth al vlcers in the mouth eares and genitals with Goose-greace This is also mixed with a seare-cloth and laid against the Pthists as Aetius writeth with a moyst cloth against the the pleurusie also a plaister hereof made with Goose greace butter Allum and the brain of a Goose is very profitable against the paines in the raines and all other infirmities of the backe and for the same cause it is applyed to women for it prouoketh their mouthly courses and also causeth an easie deliuerance in child-birth it healeth the vlcers in the secret and priuy parts of men and women and al inflammation in the seate especially being mixed with butter Goose-greace and Melitote and some adde thereunto the oare of brasse and Roses If there be a Carbuncle in the priuy parts Plinius take this Oesypus with Honny and the froath of lead also white lead womens milke and this sheepes sewet cureth the gout at the least maruailously asswageth the pain therof some physitians for this euill take greace goose-greace and the fat of Buls adde to Oesypus also vnwashed wooll with the gall of a Bull laid to a womans secrets helpeth her monthly purgation and Olimpias added therunto Nitre The dung which cleaueth to sheeps tailes made into small bals and so dryed afterward beat into powder rubbed vpon the teeth although they be loose falling out or ouergrown with flesh yet Pliny saith they wil be recouered by that fricassing If he which is sick of a dropsie drink this sweat or Oesypus in wine with Mirrh of the quantity of a hasel nut goose greace Mirtle oile it wil giue him great ease and the same vertue is ascribed to the sweat of an Ewes vdder vvhich is and hath bin said of al the former Oesipus The medicines of the Ram. Euen as the skins of other sheep newly plucked from their backs and applyed warm do take away the ach swelling and paines of stripes and blowes from bodies so also haue the skins of rams the same property Arnoldus commendeth a plaister made of a rams skin for burstning and falling downe of the guts and this is found ready prepared in many Apothecaries shops and the happy successe therof is much commended by Alysius If a man take the stones of a fighting cocke and anoint them with Goose grease and so weare them in a peece of a rams skin it is certaine that it will cohibite and restraine the rage of venerial lust and a woman wearing about her the right stone of dunghill cocke in a rams skin shall not suffer abortement The washed fleece of a ram wet in cold oile putryfieth the inflammation of the secrets and likewise the blacke wooll of a ram wet in water and then in oyle and so put to the sicke places keepeth the fundament from falling and also asswageth the paine Also the wooll of a fighting ram taken from betwixt his hornes and perfumed into a smoke easeth the pain and some take the powder thereof in vineger for that Malady The say that Lais and Salpe cure the bitings of mad dogs and also Tertian quartan Agues with the menstruous purgation take in a peece of rams wooll and included in a bracelet of siluer Also they write that a woman shall haue an easie treuaile if shee weare in the wool of a ram seede of wild Cucumber about her loines not knowing therof so as it be presētly after the deliuery cast out of doores Also Marcellus saith that if one take the wool from a rams forehead and burne in the couer of a new pot and afterward beat it to powder in a morter and so put into vineger and therewithal the forehead being anointed it easeth the head-ach Also the dust of rams wooll mixed with water cureth the paine in the yard The matter of the liuer sod hath the same operation Sextus writeth that if the wooll be taken from the head ribs and cods and also worne by him that hath a tertian ague it perfectly cureth him and if a mans fingers ends and toes be tyed with the vnwashed wooll of a ram it will stanch the bleeding at any part especially the Nose Also if you burne the greasie wooll of a very fat ram and in water wash the same it will help all euils in the yard of a man if it be rubbed therewithall The broath of the rumpe of a ram is commended against blisters The flesh of a ram being burnt and annointed vpon the body of any leprous person Auicenna or any whose body is troubled with ring-wormes or itches is very effectuall to cure them The same force hath it against the bites of Scorpions and stingings of Serpentes and Algerarat it also being taken in wine good for the bitinges of mad dogs and healeth the white skins in the eies The fat of a sheep or Weather hath the same in it as Porke-greace and cureth
congeale mixed with Vineger and drunke for three daies together is an excellent remedy against the vomitting or spetting of blood The like force in it hath the blood of a Kidde The bloode of a Lambe mingled with wine doth heale those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse as also those which haue the fowle euill For the conception of a Woman take the yarde and gall of a Bucke a Kid and a Hare with the blood and sewet of a Lamb and the marrow of a Hart and mix them altogither with Nard and oyle of Roses and after her purgation Pliny let them be laied vnder her and this without all doubt wil make her apt to conceiue The skins of Serpents being annointed with water in a bath and mingled with lime and Lambes sewet doth heale the disease called S. Anthonies fire The marrow of a Lambe melted by the fire with the oyle of Nuts and white sugar distilled vpon a cleane dish or platter and so drunke doth dissolue the stone in the bladder and is very profitable for any that pisseth blood It also cureth al paines or griefes of the yarde bladder or reynes The skin of a Lambe being dawbed or annointed with liquid-pitch and applyed hot vnto the belly of any one that is troubled with excoriations of the bowels or the bloody flix wil very speedily cure him if he haue any sence or feeling of cold in him If a Virgins menstrual fluxes come not forth at the due time Hippocrates and her belly is moued it is conuenient to apply lambs skins being hot vnto her belly and they will in short space cause them to come forth A garment made of lamb skins is accounted very good for the corroborating and strengthning of yong men The skins of lambes are more hot then kids skins are more profitable for the confirming of the backe and the reines The little bone which is in the right side of a Toad being bound in a young lambes skin being hot doth heal both quartaine and al other feauers being aplied thereunto The dust of lambs bones is very much and rightly vsed for Vlcers which haue no chops or stars in them The dust of smal cattels dung being mingled with Nitre but especially of lambs hath in them great force to heal cankers the dust of lambs bones is very much commended for the healing and making of greene wounds sound and solide which thing by the Saracens is much verified in regard that at al times they go to war Marcellus Pliny they neuer forget to take of the same along with them The lungs of lambs do very effectually cure those whose feete are wrung or pinched by theyr shoo-soles The lungs of lambs or rams being burned and the dust thereof mingled with oile is very profitable for the curing of kibes or vlcers being applied thereunto It hath the same vertue being raw bound vpon the sore Marcellus The runnet of a lambe is of very great force against al other euil medicines The runnets of smal cattel but especially of a lamb is very effectual against al kinds of poyson The runnets of a kid a lambe and a hind-calfe are conueniently taken against Wolfe-bane drunke in wine The runnet of a hare a kid or a lambe taken in wine to the weight of a dram is very effectuall against the forke-fish cureth the bites or strokes of al Sea-fishes The runnet of a lamb drunk in wine is an excellent cure for the bitings of a shrew Pliny The runnet of a lamb drunk in water is accounted for a safegard to young children who are vexed with thicke and concrete milke or if the default shal happen by curded milke it wil be soone remedyed by a lambes runnets giuen in Vineger A Lambs runnet hid or poured into water doth speedily cohibit the bleeding of the nose when nothing else can stay it The gal of smal Cattel but especially of a Lamb being mixed with hony are thoght to be very medicinable for the curing of the falling sicknes The places which are infected by cankers being anointed ouer with the gal of a lamb are very speedily and effectually healed There is also by the Magicians deliuered vnto vs a speedy means for the curing of the melt which is this to take a Lamb new born instantly to pluck him in pieces with ones hands Marcellus and when the melt is pulled out to put it hot vpon the melt of the party so grieued and bind it on fast with swadling cloathes and continually to say I make a remedy for the melt then in the last day the same being taken from his body to put it to the Wall of the beâ— wherein the diseased party is wont to lye it being first daubed with durt that it might the better stick and to signe the durt with seuen and twenty markes saying at euery mark I make a remedy for the melt this remedy being done three times it will heale the diseased party although he be very weake and full of danger But this is the opinion of the Magicians which I here set downe that they should rather see their folly then beleeue knowing them to be meere fopperies For making the wool to grow slower the gelders of cattel anoint the bloud which commeth from the stones of gelded Lambes which being anointed doth profit very much for haires being pulled away as also against poison Pliny The dung of Lambes before they haue tasted of any grasse being dryed in the shaddow and rubbed to powder and applyed in the manner of a plaister doth heale and ease al kindes of paines in the chaps or iawes And thus much for the medicines of the sheepe OF THE STREPSICEROS THere is in Creete neare the Mountaine Ida Bellonius a kind of sheep called by the Sheapheardes Strepsiceros which is not different from the vulgar sheep except onely in the hornes for they bend not like other but stand straight and vpright like the Vnicorne and beside are circled about with certain round speeres like a Goates horne This liueth in flockes and we haue here beside the figure of the beast expressed a double form of their hornes and forepart of their head the figure of a Harpe being fastened to one of them as it was presently drawen The description whereof was taken by Docter Cay of England in these words following The hornes of this Strepsiceros are so liuely expressed by Pliny and so fitly fitted to beare Harpes that they seeme not to aske any further narration of words I will therefore onely adde this they are hollow within and long about two Roman feet and three palmes if you measure them as they are straight but if you take their scantling and length as they crooke a little then are they about three foot long they are in breadth where they ioyne to the head three Roman fingers and a halfe and their whole compasse in that place is about two Roman palmes and a halfe In the
be no appearance of these vpon their tongue then the chap-man or buyer pulleth of a bristle from the backe and if blood follow it is certaine that the Beast is infected and also such cannot well stand vppon theyr hinder legs Their taile is very round For remedy hereof diuers daies before their killing they put into their wash or swill some ashes especially of Hasell trees But in France and Germany it is not lawfull to sel such a Hogge and therefore the poore people do onely eat them Howbeit they cannot but engender euill humours and naughty blood in the body The rootes of the bramble called Ramme beaten to powder and cast into the holes where swine vse to bath themselues do keepe them cleare from many of these diseases and for this cause also in ancient time they gaue them Horse-flesh sodden and Toads sodden in water to drinke the broath of them The Burre pulled out of the earth without yron is good also for them if it be stamped and put into milk and so giuen them in their wash They giue their Hogges heere in Englande red-lead red-Oker and in some places red-loame or earth And Pliny saith that he or she which gathereth the aforesaid Burre must say this charme Haec est herba argemon Quam minerua reperit Suibas his remedium Qui de illa gustauerint At this daie there is great-praise of Maiden-haire for the recouery of swine also holy Thistle and the root of Gunhan and Harts tongue Of leannesse or pyning SOmetime the whole heard of swine falleth into leannes and so forsake their meat yea although they be brought forth into the fielde to feede yet as if they were drunke or weary they lie downe and sleepe all the day long For cure whereof they must be closely shutte vp into a warme place and made to fast one whole day from meat and water and then giue them the roots of wilde Cucumber beaten to powder and mixed with Water let them drinke it and afterward giue them beanes pulse or any drie meat to eat and lastlie warme water to procure vomit as in men whereby their stomackes are emptyed of al thinges both good and bad and this remedy is prescribed against all incertaine diseases the cause whereof cannot be discerned and some in such cases doe cut off the tops of the tailes or their eares for there is no other vse of letting these beastes bloode in theyr vaines Of the Pestilence THese beasts are also subiect to the Pestilence by reason of earth-quakes sudden infections in the aire and in such affection the beast hath sometime certaine bunches or swellings about the necke then let them be seperated and giue them to drinke in water the roots of Daffadill Quatit agros tussis anhela sues Ac faucibus angit obesis tempore pestis Some giue them night shade of the wood which hath great stalkes like cherry twiggs the leaues to be eaten by them against all their hot diseases and also burned snailes or Pepper-woort of the Garden or Lactuca foetida cut in peeces sodden in water and put into their meate Of the Ague IN auncient time Varro saith that when a man bought a Hogge he couenaunted with the seller that it was free from sicknes from danger that he might buy it lawfully that it had no maunge or Ague The signes of an Ague in this beast are these WHen they stop suddenly standing stil and turning their heads about fal downe as it were by a Megrim then you must diligently marke their heads which way they turne them that you may let them bloode on the contrary eare and likewise vnder their taile some two fingers from their buttockes where you shall finde a large veine fitted for that purpose which first of all we must beat with a rodde or peece of wood that by the often striking it may be made to swell and afterwardes open the saide veine with a knife the blood being taken away their taile must be bound vp with Osier or Elme twigges and then the swine must be kept in the house a day or two being fed with Barly meale and receiuing warme water to drinke as much as they will Of the Crampe VVHen swine fall from a great heat into a sudden colde which hapneth when in their trauel they suddenly lie downe through wearinesse they fall to haue the Crampe by a painefull convulsion of their members and the best remedye thereof is for to driue them vp and downe till they wax warme againe and as hot as they were before and then let them bee kept warme stil and coole at great leisure as a horsse doth by walking otherwise they perish vnrecouerably like Calues which neuer liue after they once haue the crampe Of Lice THey are many times so infested and annoied with lice that their skinne is eaten and gnawne through thereby for remedy whereof some annoint them with a confection made of Cream Butter and a great deale of salt Others again annoint them after they haue washed them all ouer with the Leeze of wine and in England commonly the country people vse staues-aker red-Oaker and grease Of the Lefragey BY reason that they are giuen much to sleepe in the summer time they fall into Lethargies and die of the same the remedy whereof is to keepe them from sleepe and to Wake them whensoeuer you finde them asleepe Of the head-aches THis disease is cald by the Graecians Scotomia and Kraura and by Albertus Fraretis herewith all swine are many times infected and their eares fall downe their eies are also deiected by reason of many cold humors gathered together in their head whereof they die in multitudes as they do of the pestilence and this sickenesse is fatal vnto them if they be not holpen within three or foure daies The remedie whereof if their be anie at al is to hold Wine to their Nostrils first making them to smel thereof and then rubbing it hard with it and some giue them also the roots of white Thistle cut smal and beaten into their meat but if it fall out that in this paine they loose one of their eies it is a signe that the beast wil die by and by after as Pliny and Aristotle write Of the gargarisme This disease is called by the Latins Raucelo and by the Graecians Brancos which is a swelling about their chaps ioyned with Feauer and Head-ach spredding it selfe all ouer the throat like as the squinancy doth in a man and many times it begetteth that also in the swine which may be knowne by the often moouing of their feet and then they dy with in three daies for the beast cannot eat being so affected and the disease creepeth by little and little to the liuer which when it hath touched it the beast dieth because it putrifieth as it passeth For remedy hereof giue vnto the beast those things which a man receiueth against the squinancy and also let him blood in the root of his tongue I mean in
be white and brused and taken in drink doeth cure the swellings of the necke and paines of long continuance The Ancle bone of a Sow burned and brused and giuen to drinke onely in Water is a remedy against the collicke and stone The anckle bone of a sow doth driue away those swellinges which arise in the stomacke and doth ease the paines of the head The ashes of the ancle bone of a sow or Bore doeth cure Cornes cleftse or other rifts in the skin and the hardnesse of the skin that is in the bottome of the feet It is also shewed that if the bone shall be hung about the necke of those that are trobled with quarterne agues that then they shall be farre better but of what bone he speaketh it is vncertaine but as he remembreth it is the next bone before the fat of the anckle bone The bones that are taken from the hoofes of sowes burned and beaten to pouder are very good to rub and clense the teeth Also the bones next to the ribbes of Bacon being burned are very good to fasten the teeth The bones that are taken from the hooues of hogs and burned to pouder are vsed to clense the teeth and it is very good also to fasten the teeth The ashes which are made of a Harts horne or of the hoofe of a hog are verie good to clense or rub the teeth The bones which are taken from the hoof of a hog burnd and beaten to pouder and sifted and a little spicknard added thereto doth make the teeth very white by often rubbing them therewith The ashes of the hoofs of a Bore or sow put in drinke doth stay the incontinency of vrine and also the bloody flixe Take as much Mercurial sodden as ones hand can hold sod in two pintes of water vnto one pinte and drinke the same with hony and salt and the pouder of a Hogges hoofe and it shall lâ—ose the belly The milke of a Sow drunke with sweet wine helpeth women in trauell and the same being drunke alone restoreth milke in Womens breasts It is also good against the blody flix and Tissick The stones of swine beaten to powder and drunke in swines milke are good against the fauling sicknesse The wise men were wont to prescribe the left foote or legge of a Camaelion to be bound vnto the feet against the gowt There are also many vses of the dung of swine and first of al it being mixed with Vineger is good against the bittinges of venemous beastes and Aetius maketh an emplaister thereof against the biting of a Crocodile It is to be applyed single against the stinging of Scorpions and also the biting of any other reptile creature If a Serpent bite an Oxe or a Horse or any other Foure-footed-Beast take the stalke of Nigella and beat into a pinte of olde wine so as all the iuice may goe out thereof then infuse it into the Nostril of the beast and lay swines dunge to the sore so also it may bee applied vnto men whereunto some do ad Hony Atticke and the vrine of a man and so it is to be applyed warme it being also warmed in a shell and dried to pouder mixed with oyle and layed to the bodie easeth outward paines It is likewise profitable against burnings itch scabs and blisters and trembling of the body according to these verses of Serenus Stercoris ex porco cinerem confundit olimphis Sic pauidum corpus dextra pascente foueto This is also commended against hard bunches in the body hardnes of the skinne cliftes and chinkes in the flesh freckles lice and nits and also the breaking of the sinnewes Si cui forti lapis teneros violanerit artus Non pudeat luteae stercus perducere possae It is also good to stay bleedinges at the nose if it be layed to the Nosthrils warme and to staie the bleedings of beasts if it be giuen them in wine the same being mixed and couered with hony is annointed vpon horses for the Quinsey or swellings of the throat If the breastes of a woman do swel after her deliuery of childe it is good to annoint them with water and the dung of Hogges also the powder thereof mixed with oile is profitable for the secrets of men and women If a man haue receiued any hurt by bruses so as his blood staieth in his body or suffer convulsion of the Nerues through Crampes those euils are cured by the dung of a Bore gathered in the spring time dried and sod in Viniger and some of the later Physitians prescribe it to de drunke in water and they say that Nero the Emperor was woont to vse that medicine when he would try the strength of his body in a running Chariot also the powder of the same being drunk in Vineger is profitable for the rupture and inwarde bruses and warmed in Wine against al manner of flixes and Tizickes For the paines of the loines and al other thinges which need mollyfieng rub them first of all with Deeres greace and then sprinkle them with old Wine mixed with the pouder of Swines dung The vrine of a Swine is also good against al bunches and apostemation being layed to in wool The vrine of a Bore pig dryed in the smoke and drunke with sweet Wine the quantity of a beane is profitable against the fauling euil Against the whitenes of the eyes and the stone in the reynes and bladder And thus much for the story of swine in generall OF THE WILDE BORE THis beast is tearmed by no other name then the common swine among the Haebrewes namely Chasir as you may see in Psal 80. wher the prophet speaketh of Chasir de sylva That is the Bore out of the wood The Graecians call him Capros and Syagros and Clunis although some take Clunis for a Bore of an exceeding great stature Aristophone saith that there are some of this kind which are cald Monij which worde by S. Cyril vppon the prophet Osey is interpreted a wilde Asse but I rather incline to their opinion which saie that Chlunis Monyos and Chauliodon are poeticall words for cruell Bores Aristotle is of opinion these bores being gelt when they are young growe greater and more fierce whereunto Homer also yeeldeth as he is thus translated Nutrijt exetum sylvis horrentibus aprum Instar non bruti sed dorsi montis opaci But this is to be vnderstoode of such Bores as by accident geld themselues by rubbing vpon any tree The French call this Beast Sanglier and Porc Sanglier the Italians Cinghiale and Cinghiare and Porco The Spaniards Puerco Syluestre and Puerco montes and I'auali the Germans Wild Schuuein The Illyrians Worpes and the Latines Aper for Porcus signifieth the tame swine and Aper the wilde The reason of this Latine name Aper is deriued from Asper because he liueth among the sharp thorns and woods but I rather think that Aper is deriued from Capros the Greeke word or else Aper à feritate from his
being mingled together and dropped in the eares is very profitable for all paines therein The body of a man being annointed with the gall of a bore doth stirre him vp to carnal copulation The gall of a bore being mingled with suet and applyed vpon euery ioynt of the body doeth immediately cure all paines of the gout We haue declared also many things in the medicines of the Sow concerning the remedies of the gall of a bore The stones of a boare being eaten is very good against the fauling sicknesse or the stones of a bore being taken in Mares milke or water is also very effectual against the same disease The hoofes of a bore being burned to ashes and sprinkled vppon drinke and so taken doeth very much helpe those that cannot easily make water The hooues of a bore being burned and beaten to powder and giuen in drinke is very effectuall against the stopping of vrine The hooues of a bore or sow being burned and giuen to drinke in wine is very much commended for those that cannot holde their vrine in their sleepe The dung of a sow which liueth in the woods belng dryed and drunke in water and wine doth stay the voiding of blood and doth ease also old paines of the sides And againe being taken in Vineger it doth stay al ruptures and convulsion and also being mingled with the sirrup of roses it doth remedy or helpe those places which are out of ioynt The dung of a Bore being new made and hot is a speciall remedy against the flux of blood which yssueth forth of the Nostrils The dung of a Bore being mingled in Wine and applyed after the forme of an emplaister do presently draw away and make sound any thinge which cleaueth to the Body It being also brused and sodden with hony and afterwards kneaded like Dow and so applyed to the ioynts doth ease all paines that arise therein An emplaister made of the dung of a Bore is very profitable against all venemous bitings for it draweth forth the poison All other vlcers are filled vppe and clensed with the dung of a Bore except those which arise in the thighes The dung of a bore dried and beaten to pouder and sprinkled vpon drinke doth cure all paines of the sides Againe it beeing dryed and beaten to pouder and administered in wine doth not onely cure the paine in the Spleene but also the paine in the kidnies The dung of a bore being burned to the ashes Pliny Marcellus and giuen to drinke in wine doth ease all paines in the knees and legges The dung of a bore new made and annointed vpon those places that are out of ioynt is verie profiable for them The dung of a field-bore mixed with brimstone and taken in Wine and strained Pitch is very commendable for paines in the Hips The dunge of a bore being mingled with wine and afterwardes strained and giuen to drinke about the measure of two little cuppefuls at a time doth speedily helpe those which are trovbled with the Scyatica It also being sodden in Vineger and Honey doeth mittigate all paines that rise in the feet or anckles The dung of a Bore burned to ashes and sprinckled vpon wine luke-warm and so giuen to drinke doth helpe all those that are troubled with the bloody flixe The rest of the remedies which concerne the dung of a Bore thou shalt finde in the medicines of the sow The vrine of a Bore mingled with hony and Water and so taken in a speciall remedy for those that are troubled with the fauling sicknesse Againe the vrine of a Bore being taken in sweet Vineger doth driue out those things which are dried in the bladder The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse doeth cure all diseases and paines in the eares but it is especially profitable for those which cannot hear The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse Sextus and made luke-warme and dropped into the eares is a speciall remedy for all Apostumes that are therein The vrine of a Bore which is kept long is farre more profitable if so be that it bee kept in a vessell of glasse Againe the vrine of a Bore being dryed in smoake and moistened with hony and so poured into the eares doth cure the deafenesse of the eares The vrine of a Bore and oile of Cypresse each of them being equally mingled and made Luke warme is also good for the same disease The vrine of a wilde Bore also is of the same force and vertue The bladder of a wilde Bore doth stay the incontinency of the vrine if it be eaten rosted or boiled The blather of a Goate being burned to powder and giuen to drinke in water and wine is very good and profitable for those which cannot make water easily The vrine of a Bore being drunken doth helpe those that are troubled with the stone in the bladder but it is more effectual if it be first of all mingled with the dung The bladder of a Bore moistned with the vrine Sextus and hung vp vntill the waterish humor commeth foorth and then boiled and giuen to those which are Truculent with the Stranguri is verie profitable and good for them Marcellus The bladder of a boare being dried and giuen in drinke is very profitable for those which are troubled with paines in the bladder and wringinges of the guts The vrine of a tame Bore hung vp in the smoke in the bladder of a sow and mixed with drinke is verye profitable for those that are troubled with the Strangury The vrine of a Bore or at least wise the bladder being giuen in drinke hath cured those which haue bin troubled with the Hidropsey as some do say The vrine of a Bore being taken in drinke is very good for those that are troubled with he stone Now forasmuch also as hunters are hurt by some I thought it good to set down what remedies is fit for them Therefore the woundes made of them are daungerous because they are not onely deepe but also large and great and it is also impossible to bring them to agluttination with medicines for the lips of the wounds which is made by contusion are cut off and burned They vse a mutuall gnashing and striking of their teeth together as it were against a whetstone to take reueng vpon those which pursue and followe them Therefore they cause a certaine scab to grow vpon the lips of the wound wherefore it is meet to vse a suppuratiue and not a gluttinatiue maner of cure in them It is meet to vse in running and moist vlcers not hot things but cold both in Winter and Summer For it is an easie matter for a Boare to hurt a Horsse in the inside of his knee in the time of his hunting which doth breed to a waterish vlcer and there doth also follow a swelling To this cold things is to be applyed and it is to be cured by anointing it with a medicin which is called Diachalcanthes or
from being couched with mice or corrupted with age The flesh of a weasel is not vsed for meat but dried and preserued for medicines The powder thereof mixed with water driueth away mice by casting the gall of Stellius in a house where VVeasels are gathered togither and then by oile of bitter Almonds or salt Ammoniak they are killed but if one of their tailes be cut off al the residue do forsake the house And thus much shall suffice concerning the History of VVeasels now followeth the medicines arising out of their bodies The medicines arising from the Weasel A weasel being applied vnto those which are troubled with Agues or Quarterne Feauers Vrsinus doth in short time cure them It doth also being mingled with other thinges make a wonderful pleasant mollifying medicine for those which are troubled with the gout or any other infirmity in the ioyntes and easeth those which haue a continual ache in the head leauing a certaine matter on the top thereof and stroking it from the foreheade to the hinder part of the head For the curing also of the gout this is an excellent remedy To take a little yong whelp aliue wel fatted and a liuing weasel in nine pintes of oile and vnto the same two or three pounds of Butter Aâ—tius and to boile them together vntil the Beastes be made lanke or lither and then to put your hands or feet a whole daie in hot oile wel strained Auicenna attributeth certaine things to weasels flesh only which the classical Authors rather ascribe to the powder of weasels which are these to be applyed to the gout being drunk in wine against the falling sicknesse and the head-ache but it is accounted an especiall remedy against the bitings of Scorpions The flesh of a weasel being taken is a verie good and effectual preseruatiue againste al poisons The same being taken in meat the head and feet onely cast awaie doeth helpe those which are troubled with VVennes or bunches in the flesh being first anointed with the blood of the same beast The blood of a weasel is very wel applied to broken or exulcerated sores in the flesh Auicenna The same vertue hath the whole bodie of a weasel boiled in wine being in the manner of a plaister placed thereunto For the expelling of the gout take a dead weasel and boile him in oyle vntil it be made liquid then straine forth the oile and mingle it with wax Theophrastus fashioning the same in the forme of a plaister and this being in good order applyed wil in very short time expel it quite away A house weasel is wont to be burned for diuers remedies and to be imbowelled with salt and dried in a shade But there are some late writers which affirme Dioscorides that a weasell is better being dried or burned for the said disease then vsed in the aforesaid manner some also which are more foolish think it best being onely salted but it is more proper being vsed in the first manner The bodies of creatures which are dry by nature being dryed by the sprinkling of salt vpon them are vnmeete for foode for a certaine man going about to salt a Hare made it like vnto a dryed weasel Some haue written that the flesh of a Hedge-hog dried doth very much profit those which are troubled with an outward or inwarde leprosie which if it can effect it will more strongly haue a drying force or power euen as the flesh of a weasell being dried and drunke in wine expelleth poison A vulgar weasell being kept very old and drunke in VVine to the quantity of two drams is accounted a present remedy against the venome or stings of serpents A young weasel being prepared as is before said that is to say imbowelled with salte Gallen is of good force against all il medicines A weasel vsed in the same maner doth presentlie cure the bites of serpenst A weasel being brent and dryed especially the belly thereof is accounted an excellent remedy against the bitings of any other wilde beast Some small part of the belly of a young weasel to the quantity of two drams being stuffed with Coriander and drunke in wine is giuen to those that are smitten by serpentes and is curable for them The flesh of a weasel being burnt mingled with rue and wine and so drunke is very medicinable for the curing of the bites of al creatures Plâ—â— The young whelps of weasels being imbowelled with salt is very profitable for the healing of the deadly stinging or biting of the spider called Phalaugium The whelp of a weasel doth cure the venomous bitings of the shrew Albertus The flesh of a weasel being dried doth strongly dry and seperat by both which forces those are heald which are troubled with the falling sicknes hauing drunk it in wine This vertue is also attributed vnto the blood of weasels A weasel being dried and drunke in wine doth heale those that are troubled with the palsie or shaking of the ioynts Concerning the pouder of weaselles there are many things read But Galen writeth that he neuer burned this creature that he might try the excellency thereof The blood and pouder of a weasel are very profitable being anointed on those whose bodies are vext with the leprosie acording to the saying of Serenus in these verses Elephanti Morbo aduersus erit cedri de cortice succus Mustelaeue cinis vel fusus sanguis ab illa The pouder of a weasel being mingled with the blood of a young swallow doth heale the Quinsie or Squincy the inflammation of the iawes as also those which are greeued vvith the strangurie being either taken in bread or in drinke The same is also very effectual for the expelling of wens or bunches in the body and healeth those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse being daily taken in drinke The same diseases are both healed by this medicin to burn a liuing weasel altogether in an earthen pot Myrepsus and to mingle with the pouder thereof Hony Turpentine and Butter of each a sufficient quantity and in the maner of an ointment to apply it vnto the bodies of the grieued parties The blood of a swallow and a weasel are commended by some to be very congruent and agreeable but Pliny Auicenna and the rest of the auncient writers commend the blood of a weasel onely to bee very medicinable for these diseases following namely the falling sicknes the Foule-euil Serenus and the head-ach The pouder of a weasel being mingled in water and giuen to one that is madde or frenzy to drinke is reported by some to be very good and profitable for him if so be that they can compel the Franticke person to perceiue it The pouder of a weasel is very effectual for the expelling or taking away of the pin and web in the eies Plinie There is a speedy remedy for the driuing away of rheume in the head and the catar swelling by rheume in
short space be cured of the same The laps or fillets of a VVolues Liuer being applyed vnto the side doth perfectly heale any sticth or pricking ach therein The Liuer of a Wolfe being taken in sweete Wine doth heale those which are troubled with a ptisicke The Lyuer of a VVolfe being first boyled in Water afterwardes dryed beaten and mingled with some certaine potion doth instantly heale the griefe and inflammation of the stomacke The powder of a Wolues Lyuer mingled with white Wine and drunke in the morning for some certaine daies together doth cure the Dropsie The Liuer of a VVolfe taken either in meat or drinke doth asswage the paines of the secret parts Two spoonefuls of the powder of a Wolues Lyuer being giuen in drinke doeth cure all paines or sores of the mouth The Gall of a VVolfe being bound vnto the Nauell of any man doeth loosen the belly The Gall of a VVolfe taken in wine doth heale all paines in the fundament The entrals of a VVolfe being washed in the best white VVine blowen vpon dryed in an Ouen Syluius Albertus pounded into dust afterwardes rowled in VVormewood is a good and effectuall remedy against the Collicke and stone If some part of the yard of a VVolfe being baked in an Ouen be eaten by any either Man or VVoman it instantly stirreth them vp to lust Concerning the genitall of a VVolfe I haue spoken before in the Medicines of the Foxe but antiquity as Pliny saith doth teach that the genitall of Beasts which are bony as wolues Foxes Ferrets and VVeasels are brought to an especiall remedye for many diseases Rasis If any man take the right stone of a VVolfe being bloody steepe it in Oyle and giue it vnto any woman to apply it vnto their secret partes being wrapped in VVooll it instantly causeth her to forsake all carnall copulation yea although she bee a common Strumpet The same being taken in some certaine perfume Marcellus doth help those which are troubled with the foule euill The eyes being annointed with the excrementes of a wolfe are instantly freed from all couers or spreadiâ—g skinne therein The powder of the same wolf being mingled with the sweetest Hony as can possible be had and in the like manner rubbed or spread vpon the eyes doth expell all dazeling from them The fime of a Wolfe long rubbed vntill it be very light being mingled with Honny by the vnction thereof Galenus causeth the filth or scurfe growing about the eyes to auoyd away and restoreth them to an exceeding clearnesse The powder of a Wolues head being rubbed vpon the teeth doth make fast and confirme the loosenesse thereof and it is most certaine that in the excrementes of the same Beastes there are certaine bones found which being bound vnto the teeth haue the same force and efficacy The dung of a Wolfe or Dogge being beaten into small powder mingled with Hony and annointed vpon the throate doth cure the Quinsie or Squirisie as also al other sores in the throat whatsoeuer The fime of a Wolfe being giuen to those which are troubled with the Collicke to drinke doth easily cure them but this dung is more effectuall if it haue neuer touched ground which is very hard to come by but it is found by this means The nature of the wolfe both in making his water as also in voyding his excrements is like vnto a Dogs for while he voydeth his Water he holdeth vp his hinder Leg and voydeth his excrementes in some high or steepy place far from the earth by which meanes it falleth downe vpon bushes thornes fruites Elder-trees or some other Hearbes growing in those places by which meanes it is found neuer touching the earth There is furthermore found in the fime of Wolues certaine bones of Beasts which they haue deuoured which for as much as they could not bee grinded or chawed so also can they not be concocted which being beaten and bruised small are by some commended to be excellent giuen in drinke for the ease of the Collicke but if the grieued party shall be some fine or delicate person which cannot endure so grosse a Medicine then mingle it with Salt Pepper or some such like thing but it is most often giuen in sweet wine so there be but a smal quantity thereof drunke at one time But this dung which the Graecians cal Lagonas and is to be applyed to the groin of the diseased person ought to bee hanged in a band made of wooll but not of any wooll But it would be more effectuall if it were made of the Wool of that Sheepe which was slaine by a Wolfe But if the same cannot be got then is it fit that there be two bands one which may be bound about the groine and another which may bee bound vppon the dung to keepe it from falling There are also some which cast a small quantity of the same dung to the bignesse of a Beane in a little pot fastening the same to any one which is troubled with the saide disease and it healeth them which in a manner seemeth incredible in very short time The dung of a Wolfe boyled in small white Wine and afterwardes taken in drinke is very profitable for those which are troubled with the collick and it is also reported that if the same dung be couered with the skin of the same Beast and hung vpon the thigh of any one which hath the collick being bound with a thread made of the wool of a sheep slaine by a wolfe it will instantly cure the said disease The fime of a Wolfe so that it be not found vppon the earth but vppon some trees Brambles or Bul-rushes being kept and when there shall bee neede bound vnto the arme of him that shall be troubled with the Collick or to his Necke being included in a bone or in Copper and hung with the thread wherewith silke-women weaue doth wonderfully and most speedily cure him so there be great care had that in the meane time there be a little of the same dung giuen to the grieued party to drinke not knowing what it is The dung of a Wolfe being taken and the bones therein beaten into powder mingle therewith cold water giuing it to any one to drinke which is troubled with the stone and it will instantly cure him The Dung of a Wolfe beaten into the smallest powder then strained and giuen vnto any in his fit which is troubled therewith to the quantity of halfe a spoonefull in hot water is a very effectuall and approued cure for the stone The bones which are found in Wolues being bound vnto the arme of any one which is troubled with the Collike hauing neuer touched the ground do with great speed and celerity cure him The pasterne bone of a Hare found in the dung of a Wolfe being bound vnto any part of the body of him which is troubled with the Collicke doth very effectually cure him The dung of a Wolfe with the Haires of a white
further paine whereupon came the prouerbe as Erasmus saith Echinus Partum Differt the hedghog putteth of the littering of her young which is also applyed against them which put of and defer those necessary workes which God and nature hath prouided them to vndergoe as when a poore man defereth the paiement of his debt vntill the value and summe grow to be far more great then the principall â—heir inward 〈◊〉 â—nd diâ—â—â—â—â—tion The inward disposition of this beast appeareth to bee very crafty and full of suttlety by this because Licophron saith that Nauplius had a cunning crooked wit and was called by him a Hedghog When they hide themselues in their den they haue a naturall vnderstanding of the turning of the wind South and North and they that are norished tame in houses immediatly before that change remoue from one Wal to another the wild ones haue two holes in their caue the one north thother south obseruing to stop the mouth against the wind as the skiful mariner to stiere turne the rudder or sails for which occasion Aristotle saith that some haue held opinion Oppianus that they do naturally fore-know the chang of weather There is mortall hatred betwixt the Serpent and the Hedgehog The enimies to Hedghogs the Serpent seeketh out the Hedghogs den and falleth vpon her to kill her the Hedghog draweth it selfe vp together round like a foot-ball so that nothing appeareth on her but her thorney prickes whereat the Serpent biteth in vaine for the more she laboreth to anoy the Hedghog the more she is wounded and harmeth her selfe yet notwithstanding the height of her minde and hate of her heart doth not suffer her to let goe her hold till one or both parties bee destroyed The Hehghog rowleth vpon the Serpent piercing his skin and flesh yea many times tearing the flesh from the bones whereby he scapeth aliue and killeth his aduersary carrying the flesh vpon his speares like an honorable banner won from his aduersary in the field The Wolfe also is afraid of and flyeth from the Hedghog and there is also a story of hatred between the Hare and the hedghog for it is said that a Hare was seene to plucke off the prickles from the Hedghog and leaue her bald pieled and naked without any defence The Fox is also an enemy to the poore Hedgehogge and lieth in waite to kill it for the prouerbe is true Multa nouit vulpes Echinus Vero vnum magnum That is to say the Foxe knoweth many deuises to helpe himselfe but the Hedgehogge knowes but one great one for by rowling vp her selfe as before said shee opposeth the thornes of her back against the Foxes teeth which alone were sufficient to secure her from a greater aduersary but the wily Fox perceiuing that he can no where fasten his teeth without danger of himselfe pisseth vpon the Hedghogs face and poisoneth hir Wherupon the poor beast is forced to lay open himselfe and to take breath against the Foxes stincking excrement which thinge the Foxe espying looseth no oportunity but presently teareth the Hedghog in peeces thus the poore beast auoiding the poyson falleth into the mouth of his enemy The manner of Hedgehog is that whensoeuer they are hunted by men they draw vp their Legs and put downe there head to the mossy part of there belly so as nothing of them can be taken but there prickles and perceiuing that shift wil not serue the turne but their case growing desperate they render out of their owne bodies a certain vrine hurtful to their skin and back enuying that any good thereby should euer come to mankind and therefore seeing they naturally know the manifold vses of their owne hides heere is the cunning of her hunting to cause her first of all to render her vrine and afterward to take her for the vrine maketh the thornes of her back to fall off euery day and therefore they take this course for their last refuge But in these cases the hunters must poure vppon the Hedghog warme water for feeling warmth she presently vnfolds her self and lyeth open which the Hunter must obserue and instantly take her by one of her hinder Legges so hanging her vp till she be killed with famine otherwise there commeth no benefit by her taking With the same skin flead off brushes are made for garments Coelius The eating of their flesh so that they complaine il which affirme that there is no good or profitable condicion comming to mankind by this beast Againe this is to be resereud and vsed for dressing of flaxe as Massarius saith and also it is set vpon a Iaueline at the dore to driue away Dogs In ancient time they did not eate the flesh of Hedgehogs but now a daies men eate thereof of them which are of the swinish kind When the skin is off their bodies they skald it a little in wine and vineger afterward lard it and put it vppon a Spitte and there let it be rosted and afterwardes eaten but if the head be not cut off at one blow the flesh is not good The Epithits belonging to this beast are not many it is called red sharp maryne volible and rough whereupon Erasmus said Exhirco in laeuem nunquam mutabis Echinum And thus much for the naturall and morall partes of this Beast The medicinal parts of Hedghogs Now followeth the medicinall Tenne sprigs of Lawrell seauen graines of Pepper and of Opponax as big as a Pease the skin of the ribs of a Hedghog dryed and beaten cast into three cups of Water and warmed so being drunk of one that hath the Collicke and let rest he shall in perfect health Aâ—â—ius but with this exception that for a man it must bee the membrane of a male Hedgehog and for a woman a female The same membrane or the body of all Hedgehogs burnt to ashes hath power in it of clensing digesting and detracting and therefore it is vsed by Phisitians for taking downe of proud swelling wounds and also for the clensing of vlcers and boyles but specially the powder of the skinne hath that vertue also it being rosted with the head and afterwardes beate vnto powder and annoynted on the head with Hony cureth the Alopecâ—as Rasis The same powder restoreth haire vpon a wound if it be mingled with Pitch and if you adde thereunto Beares-grease it will restore vnto a bald man his head of haire againe if the place be rubbed vntill it be ready to bleed Marcellus The same powder cureth the Fistula and some mingle red Snailes with this dust applying it in a plaister to ruptures and swellings in the cods and being mingled with oile by anointment it taketh away the burles in the face and being drunke in wine is a remedy against the paines of the raines or the water betwixt the skin and the flesh Aelianus A suffumigation made of a Hedgehogs skin vnder them that haue their vrine stopped by Gods help saith my
Author the stopping shall be remoued if it proceede not from the stone nor from an impostime The flesh salted dried beat to powder and so drunk with sweete vineger helpeth the paine in the raines the beginning of Dropsies conuulsions and Leprosies and all those affections which the Graecians cal Cachectae The Mountaine Hedghog is better then the domesticall hauing prickles like Needles pointes but Legges like to the other Dioscorides the meate is of better tast and doth more helpe to the stomack softning the belly and prouoking the vrine more effectually and all this which is attributed to Hedghogs is much more powerfull in the porcupine The Hedghog salted and eaten is good against the Leprosie the Crampe and all sicknesse in the Nerues and Ptisicke and paine in the bellye rising of windinesse and difficulty of digestion the powder anointed on Women with child alwaies keepeth them from abortment Marcellus The flesh being stale giuen to a madde man cureth him and being eaten kepeth one from the Strangury also being drunke in wine expelleth the stone in the bladder and is good against a quotidian feuer and the bitinges of Serpentes The fatte of a Hedgehog stayeth the fluxe of the bowels If the fat with warme water and hony be gargarized Auicen it amendeth a broken and hoarse voice the left eie being fried with oile yealdeth a liquor which causeth sleepe if it bee infused into the eares with a quill The gall with the braine of a Bat and the milke of a Dog Albertus cureth the raines likewise the said gall doth not suffer vncomely haires to grow againe vpon the eie-browes where once they haue bin pulled vp It maketh also a good eie-salue Warts of al sorts are likewise taken away by the same the melt sod and eaten with meat it healeth all paines in the melt Pliny and the raines dried are good against a leprosie or ptisicke comming by vlcer or the difficulty of vrine the bloody-flixe and the cough The dunge of a Hedghog fresh and Sandaracha with vineger and liquid pitch being laied to the head staieth the falling away of the haire When a man is bitten with a mad dog or pricked with prickles of a Hedghog his own vrine laid there vnto with a spunge or Wooll is the best cure or if the thornes sticke in the wound of his foote let him hold it in the warme vrine of a man and it shall easily shake them forth and Albertus and Rasis affirme that if the right eie of a Hedghog be fryed with the oile of Alderne or line-seed and put in a vessell of red brasse and afterward anoint his eies therewith as with an eie-salue he shall see as well in the darke as in the light And thus I will conclude this discourse with one story that a Hedghog of the earth was dedicated to the Good-god among the foolish Pagans and the water Hedghog to the euill and that once in the cittye of Phrigia called Azanium when a great famine troubled the inhabitants and no sacrifice could remoue it one Euphorbus sacrificed a hedghog whereupon the famine remoued and he was made priest and the citty was called Traganos vpon the occasion of that sacrifice OF THE HORSSE WHen I consider the wonderfull worke of God in the creation of this Beast enduing it with a singular body and Noble spirit the principal wherof is a louing and dutifull inclination to the seruice of man Wherein he neuer faileth in peace nor Warre being euery way more neare vnto him for labour and trauell and therefore more deare the food of man onely excepted we must needes account it the most noble and necessary creature of all foure-footed-beasts before whom no one for multitude and generality of good qualities is to be preferred compared or equaled whose commendations shal appeare in the whole discourse following It is called in Haebrew Sus a Mare Susah The seueral names of horses the which word some deriue from Sis signifiing ioy the Syrians call it Rekesh and Sousias the Arabians Ranica and the Caldeans Ramakim Susuatha the Arabians Bagel the Persians Asbacha the Grecians Hippos and at this day Alogo the Latines Equus and Caballus the Italians and Spaniardes Cauallo the French Cheuall the Germans Kossz the Bohemians Kun the Illirians Kobyla the Polonians Konij It is also profitable to consider the reason of some of these names both in the Latine Greek tong and first of all Equus seemeth to be deriued Ab aequalitate from equality The deriuation of sundry names because they were first vsed in Charets and draughtes and were ioyned together being of equall strength Legs and stature Caballus seemeth to be deriued from the Greeke word Caballes which was a common name for ordinary Hackney-horsses and Horsses of carriage whereupon Seneca commendeth Marcus Cato that in his triumph of Censorship Vno Caballo contentum et ne toto quidem partem enim sarcinae ab vtroque latere dependentes occupabant That is to say that he was contented with one Horsse for his own saddlel and yet not totally one neither for the packes that hung on either side of him possessed the greatest part and the true deriuation of his word seemeth to accord with Caxe which signifieth a manger and Alis aboundance because riding Horsses are more plentifully fed and these Horsses were also vsed for plowing according to the saying of Horac Optat ephippia bos piger optat arace Caballus The Grecians call it Hippos which seemes to be deriued from standing vpon his feete and this beast onely seemeth to be one of the number of them which are called Armenta And besides all histories are filled with appellatiue names of horsses such as these are Alastor Aethon Nicteus and Orneus the Horsses of Pluto Aetha a Mare of Agamemnon remembred by Homer Aethion Statio Eous Phlego Pyrois the Horsses of the Sun Claudian Lampus Podargus Xampus Arnon the horsses of Erymus by whose ayde Hercules is saide to ouercome Cygnus the Sonne of Mars Balius Xanthus and Pedasus the horsses of Achilles Boristenes for whom Adrianus made a graue as Dion writeth Bromius Caerus Calydon Camphasus Cnasius Corythe and Herpinus two names of Brittaine horsses cited by Martial and Gillius Cylarus the swift horsses of Castor Dimos and Phobos the horsses of Mars Enriole Glaucus and Sthenon the horsses of Neptune Parthenia and Euripha Mares belonging to the Sentaurs of Hippodamia slain by Ornomaus Harpe another Mare Phoenix and Corax the horsses of Eleosthenes Epidaminus who wan the prizes in the sixty sixe Olimpiade and caused a statue to be made in Olympus and his said horsses and Charriot called Pantarces and beside these other Cnacias and Samus The Epithits that belong to horsses are either generall or particular The epithits of Horsses the general may be rehearsed in this place such as these are following brasse-footed continuall horne-footed sounding-footed foming bridle-bearer neighing maned dusty four-footed fretting saddle-bearing
Brimstone and a little foote of a Chimny beaten into fine powder and put all these things together in a quart of wort or Ale and there let them lye in steepe the space of an houre or two then straine it well through a faire cloath and giue it the Horsse to drinke lukewarme then bridle him and walke him vp and downe the space of an houre that done bring him into the stable and let him stand on the bit two or three houres and then giue him a little Hay Laurentius Russius saith that it is good to giue the Horse the warme guts of a young hen with a salt three daies together in the morning and not to let him drinke vntill it bee noone Some say that it is good to ride him hauing his bit first annointed with dung comming hot from the man some againe vse to giue him a quantity of Brimstone and halfe as much Rozen beaten into powder and mingled together with his prouender which he must eate a good while before he drinketh I haue found by often triall that if you giue the horse with a horne a good pretty dishfull of salt brine be it flesh brine or cheese brine it wil kil any of the three kinds of worms and make the horse to auoide them dead in short time after Of Wormes in generall BEsides the Bottes there are other Worms which lie in the great paunch or belly of a Horse and they bee shining of colour like a Snake sixe inches in length Markham great in the midst and sharpe at both endes and as much as a spindle they cause great paine in a Horsses belly as you shall perceiue by his continuall striking of himselfe on the belly with his foot the cure is thus Giue him two or three mornings together new Milke and Garlike boyled together or chopt hay in his prouender either of both will serue it killeth the wormes and maketh them to void Of the paine in the kidneynes MEthinkes that the Kidnies of a Horse should be subiect to as many griefes as the kidnies of a man as to inflamation obstruction Apostumes and Vlcers Blundevile and specially to obstruction that commeth by meanes of some stone or grauell gathered together in the kidnies whereby the Horse cannot stale but with paine for I haue seene diuers horsses my selfe that haue voided much grauell in their stale which without doubt did come from the kidnies but my Authors doe referre such griefes to the bladder and vrine and write of no disease but onely of the inflamation of the kidnies which is called of them Nephritis and so it is cald of the Physitians It commeth as they say by some great straine ouer some ditch or else by bearing some great burthen The signes whereof be these The Horse will go rolling behinde and staggering his stones will shrinke vp and his stale will be blackish and thick I think this disease differeth not from that which we called before the swaying of the back when we talked of the griefes in the backe and loines and therefore resorte thither The cure of this disease according to the best of the old writers is in this sort Bath his backe and loines with wine Oyle and Nitrum warmed together after that you haue so bathed him let him be couered with warme cloathes and stand littered vp to the belly with straw so as he may lye softe and giue him such drinkes as may prouoke Vrine as those that bee made with Dill Fennell Annis Smallage Parsly Spikenard Myrrhe and Cassia Some say it is good to giue him a kind of pulse called Cich with Wine Some againe doe praise Ewes Milke or else Oyle and Deeres sewet molten together and giuen him to drink or the roote of the herbe called Asphodelus Englished by some Daffadill sodden in wine Of the diseases belonging to the bladder and vrine of a Horse HIerocles saith that a horse is subiect to three kinds of diseases incident to the bladder or vrine the firste is called Stranguria the second Dysuria the third Iscuria Stranguria otherwise called in Latine Stillicidium and of our old Ferrers according to the French name Chowdepis is when the horse is prouoked to stale often and voideth nothing but a few droppes which commeth as the physitians say either through the sharpenes of the vrine or by some exulceration of the bladder or else by meanes of some Apostume in the liuer or kidnies which Apostume being broken the matter resorteth downe into the bladder and with the sharpenes thereof causeth a continuall prouocation of pissing Dysuria is when a horse cannot pisse but with great labour and paine which for difference sake I wil cal from hence forth the paine-pisse It may come sometime through the weakenesse of the bladder and colde intemperature thereof and sometime through the abundance of flegmatike and grosse humours stopping the necke of the bladder Ischuria is when the horsse cannot pisse at all and therefore may be called the pissupprest or suppresseion of vrine whether you will methinkes alwaies that the shorter and the more proper the name is the better and more easie it is to pronounce It may come as the Phisitians say by weaknesse of the bladder or for that the Water conduit is stopt with grosse humors or with matter discending from the liuer or kidnies or with the stone yea and sometimes by meanes of some inflammation or hard knobbe growing at the mouth of the conduit or for that the sinnewes of the bladder is nummed so as the bladder is without feeling or it may come by retention and long holding of the water most of which causes Hierocles also reciteth adding thereunto that it may chaunce to a horse thorough ouer-much rest and ydlenes and also by meanes of some extreame cold and especially in winter season for the which warmth of the fire is a present remedy But now mine Authors do not shew for euery one of these three kinds of diseases seuerall signes but onely say that when a horse cannot stale he wil stand as thogh he would stale and thrust out his yard a little and also for very paine stand beating his tail betwixt his thighes Neither do they seeme to appoint seuerall cures but do make a hochpoch mingling them altogither some of them praising one thing and some another For some say it is good to mingle the iuice of leekes with sweete smelling wine and oile together and to his right nostrill and then to walke him vp and downe vpon it and that will make him to stale Some say it is good to giue him Swallage seed or else the root of wilde Fennell sodden with wine to drinke or to put fine sharpe Onions cleane pilled and somewhat brused into his fundament and to chafe him immediately vppon it either by riding him or otherwise and that shall cause him to stale presently It is good also to bath al his back and loines with warme water The scraping of the inward parts of his
owne hooues beaten into powder and mingled with wine and powred into his right nostril will make him to stale if you chafe him vpon it and the rather as Hierocles saith if you carry him to some sheepes coat or other place where sheepe are wont to stand the smel of whose dung and pisse without any other medicine as he saith will prouoke him to stale Some will giue the horsse white Dogges dung dried and mingled with salt wine and Amoniacum to drinke some hogges dunge onely with Wine and some the dregges of horse-pisse with wine and many other medicines which I leaue to rehearse for feare of being too tedious and especially sith Martins experience doeth follow heere at hand agreeing in all points with Laurentius Russius cure which is in this sort First draw out his yard and wash it well in white wine and scoure it well because it will be many times stopped with durt and other baggage togither and hardned like a stone and then put a little oile of Cammomile into the conduit with a wax candle and a brused cloue of Garlick and that will prouoke him to stale And if that will not helpe Take of Parsly two handfuls of Coriander one handfull stampe them and straine them with a quart of white wine and dissolue therein one ounce of cake-Sope and giue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and keepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no cold water for the space of fiue or six dayes and when you would haue him to stale let it be eyther vpon plenty of strawe or vpon some greene plot or els in a sheeps coat the sauor whereof wil greatly prouoke him to stale as hath bin aforesaid Of pissing blood PElagonius saith that if a horse be ouermuch laboured or ouercharged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many times pisse blood and the rather as I thinke for that some vaine is broken within the horses body and then cleere blood will come forth many times as the Physitians say without any pisse at all But if the blood be perfectly mingled togither with his stale then it is a signe that it commeth from the kidnies hauing some stone therein which through vehement labour doeth fret the kidnies and vaines thereof and so cause them to bleed through which while the vrine passeth must needs be infected and died with the blood It may come also by some stripe or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse blood in the palate of the mouth to conuert the blood the contrary way then take of Tragagant that hath been steeped in wine halfe an ounce and of Poppy seede one dram and once scruple and of Stirax as much and twelue Pineaple kirnels let all these things be beaten and mingled wel togither and giue the horse thereof euery morning the space of seauen daies the quantity of a hasell-nut distempered in a quart of wine methinkes that the quantity of a Walnut were too little for so much wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the root of the hearbe Asphopelus which some call Daffadil mingled with wheat flower and Sumach sodden long in water and so to bee giuen the horse with some wine added thereunto or make him a drinke of Goats milk and oile straining thereunto a little Fromenty Anatolius saith that it good to giue the horse three daies togither sodden beanes cleane pilled whereunto would be added some Deeres sewet and a little wine Of the Colt euill Blundevile THis name Colt euil in my iudgement doeth properly signifie that disease which the physitians cal Priapismus which is a continual standing together with an vnnatural swelling of the yarde proceeding of some winde filling the artires and hollow sinnew or pipe of the yard or else through the abundance of seed which do chance oftentimes to man and I think sometime to stoned horses Notwithstanding Martin saith that the colt euil is a swelling of the sheathe of the yard and part of the belly thereabout caused of corrupt seed comming out of the yard and remaining within the sheath where it putrifieth And geldings most commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of natural heat to expel their seed any further For horses as Martin saith are sieldome troubled with this disease because of their heat vnlesse it be when they haue beene ouer trauailed or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Wash the sheath cleane within with Luke-warme Vineger then draw out his yard and wash that also that done ride him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein too and fro to alay the heat of the members and vse him thus two or three daies and hee shal be whole Another of the Colt euill THe Colt euill is a disease that commeth to stoned horses through rankenes of nature and want of vent it appeareth in his cod and sheathe which wil swell exceedingly Markham the cure is nothing for if you wil but euery day twice or thrice driue him to the mid-side in some Pond or running riuer the swelling will fall and the horse wil doe wel If the horse be of yeeres and troubled with this griefe if you put him to a Mare it is not amisse for standing stil in a stable without exercise is a great occasion of this disease Of the mattering of the yard IT commeth at couering time when the horse and mare both are ouer-hot and so perhaps burne themselues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of white wine and boile therein a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yarde three or foure squirtfuls one after another and thrust the squirt so far as the liquor may pierce to the bottome to scowre away the bloody matter continuing thus to do once a day vntil he be whole Of the shedding of seed THis disease is called of the Physitians Gonorrhea Blundevile which may come sometime thorough aboundance and rankenesse of seed and sometime by the weakenes of the stones and seed vessels not able to retaine the seed vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius saith that this disease will make the horse very faint and weake and especially in Summer season For cure whereof the said Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some cold water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may bee couered in water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water and oile he would haue you to thrust in your hand and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and claw the same and the parts thereabouts which be the seed vessels that done to couer him warm that he take no cold and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse hogges dung to drinke with red wine vntil he be whole I for my part if I