before said in the purging decoction which is also a received practice And the use of this is as those before either to infuse boyl or dissolve purgers in I â— INFUSION as to infusion you must understand that here by that word is meant the maceration or steeping of any thing in a fit Liquor wherby it's virtue loosened from its earthy body is conveyed after the manner of tinctures into the liquor which impregnated with those virtues is called an infusion or dilution In it two things are considerable 1. The purgers that are to be infused and 2. The Liquor in which they are to be macerated In both the quality and quantity are to be regarded The things to be infused in respect of their quality may be al purgers as Senna Agarick c. except Manna and also Aloes and Coloquintida for their bitterness for at this day in Paris they often infuse Cassia Fistula In relation to their Quantity if the infusion only should be sufficiently purging without dissolving any other either simple or compound Cathartick in the strained Liquor they ought to be prescribed in a larger quantity than if they were given in substance yea in a double proportion if they are the stronger sort or in a treble quantity if they are the gentler sort adding also their proper correctors to a four-fold proportion if strong or to a six-fold quantity if weaker The Liquor as to the quality is either simple as common water which draws forth the virtues of things but slowly or some certain distilled water especially in hot affections Whey of Milk in Melancholy the broth of flesh and Aqua vitae which is indued with a wonderful faculty of extracting the virtues dissolving the spirits and operating substance of things and attracting it to it self in which it surpasseth all others and therefore chiefly to be used for cold affections and infusions to correct Phlegme and Melancholy a smal portion of it being mixt with the Liquor of the iâ—fusion White Wine is next in praise for extracting and inbibing the virtues of things w'h is most fit in cold affections if you make the infusion in it and water of each a like quantity or otherwise you may find some other convenient Liquor Or else compound as some of the aforesaid decoctions The Quantity is not determined but left to the discretion of the Apothecary is prescribed by the Physitian with q-s. that is a sufficient quantity But although in general the infusion of Catharticks be so used as is said that of all or either you may excusedly prepare an insusion for purges to better purpose than when they are boyled as is said in the Apozem yet more specially of late iâ— is grown in use only to have two kindes of infuâ—â—ons for the Liquor of a purging potion which as most usual are wont to be generally prescribed 〈◊〉 An infusion of Rhoubarb alone to one dram or a dram and a half correctives as Cinamom or Spikenard being added to gr 6 or helf a scruple in cold persons or else in hot tempers yellow Saunders to half a scruple for the liquor of a Cholagogue potion as also for a Phlegmagogue 2. Or the infusion of Rheubarb from 〈◊〉 dram to a dram and half 2 scruples of Agarick being newly made into trosches being added with his correctors for a phlegmagogue potion or where Phlegme and Choler are mixed together An infusion is usually made in the distill'd waters of Endive and Succory as in Châ—l rick people or Plant ain water if a flux of he belly be present it may also be made either in an altering or purging decoction or some of the afore-mentioned or in some other approprâ—â—t Liquâ—r III. A DECOCTION and INFUSION together are very usual when it shal be prescribed let such purgers with their Correctors be infused in s q. of some of the above-mentioned decoctions to which purpose are Rheubarb and Agarick only usually admitted so at this day it is most usual and frequent to have the decoction oâ— Senna rescribed to be mixed with the infusion of â—heubarb alone or Agarick according as the indications require a potion purging either Phlegme Melancholy or adust choler IV. Any other LIQUOR that can satisfie the intention of the Physitian is sometimes taken to make a purging potion and dissolve Cathâ—rticks in as for example any of these as Diacarthamum and may be prescribed to half an ounce or six drams to be dissolved in such a water or broth and to be made into a potion and this is chiefly useful when sometimes as in a sudden case through the urgency of the affection or the shortness of time or want of leisure or for other inconveniences decoctions or infusions cannot be prepared As to the quality of the Liquor some distilled water respecting the part affected and humor that is to be evacuated is to be chosen or broth so we usually prescribe Manna to be taken in broth either simple of flesh or else of a chick alter'd with cooling herbs for the cholerick so for phlegm a tablet of Diacarthamum is usually prescribed with them or else white Wine with which the root Mechoacan and Jalop which of late is come in use for the same things that Mechoacan is used are usually taken in substance to one dram or one dram and a half after they have slightly infused for phlegmatick and serous humors or else Whey of Milk or Mead but this matter is treated of thrice before As to the quantity the dose of the liquor in which the things are to be dissolved varies much according to the age of the Patient for to Boyes two ounces wil suffice to Youths three ounces to elder people four or five ounces at most because seeing they require a greater quantity of purging Medicines to be moved with all unless you dilute them with a considerable quantity of Liquor your potions wil be too thick and ungrateful Things to be DISSOLVED are considered either in quantity or quality In relation to the quality there are dissolved 1. Purgers viz. when the Liquor of the potion is little or not enough purgative which because it usually happens there are for the most part alwayes purgers dissolved in it 2. Alterers viz. tweetners which are alwayes to be dissolved in it for the better relish sake Purgers that are to be dissolved in it are either simple or compound Simples are Manna Cassia which are usual in purging choler gently as also to lenifie the affections of the Breast and Reins or hard dry viz. in the form of powder as usually the powder of Rheubarb in the spitting of blood dysentery or other flux of the belly c. Mechoacan for phlegmatick and waterish humors and the root of Jalopâ— which of late is used in the room of Mechoacan Compounds are either officinal or magisterial Officinal or the purgers of the shops are either syrups as syrup of Roses solutive of Succory with Rheubarb of Fumitory compound De pomis Regis Sabor
oppressing the natural heat CHAP. XV. Of divers Injections BEsides those Injections that are made into the fundament others also are prescribed for divers parts of the body as into the Ears Womb Bladder Yard Vlcerous cavities especially Fistuloes and are by a general name also called Clisters Of that into the Ears They are COMPOUNDED 1. Either of oyls only or juyces waters decoction fit for the purpose according to the variety of the affections 2. Or of 2 or 3 or more of the aforesaid mixed together in which sometimes things serving to a diverse scope are dissolved but in a small quantity and these which are almost liquid themselves As to the quantity of liquid things Of Oyls half an ounce an ounce or six drams wil suffice according to its efficacy and the continuance of its use Juices VVaters Decoctions one or two ounces either several or mixed according also to their efficacy and the use wil be enough As to the quantity of things to be dissolved it must be smal because of the exquisite sense and smalnesse of the part if they be powders half a scruple or a scruple if fat things two drams Honey half an ounce c. wil be sufficient at most The USE and FORM â„ž c. drop into the ear two or three drops according to the faculty of the Medicine and sometimes the ear is to be filled with the Liquor but a little after holding down the head it is to be cleansed as chiefly when we use the Decoction If it be Oyl only some few drops are poured in after the ear is stopped with perfumed cotton especially if it be a cold affection The UTILITY 't is chiefly used for inflammations Ulcers noyses deafnesse Worms and other particular affections of the Ears See the Magazeen Physical Of that into the Womb. They are otherwise called hysterical Clysters and the pipe by which they are injected into the Womb is by the Greeks called a Metrenchite and the medicines from that Metrenchiticks They are COMPOUNDED 1. In relation to their quality as of the decoction of roots leaves c. in the quantity as for a Clyster of wch liquorstrained take 3 or 4 ounces make an Injection yet they reserve one pint for many Injectons Note that thus is made the Injection simply but sometimes and that usually other things are added diversly according to the scope as is said in an altering Clyster and that to half or a third part of the quantity of that 2. Or of the juice of Herbs clarified 3. Or of distilled waters 4. Or of some other simple Liquor See the Clyster 5. Or of those mixt together so that 3 or 4 ounces may suffice for an injection in which if any things serve to the same intention you may dissolve them in the aforesaid proportion The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make an injection into the Womb by a Metrenchite or Womb Clysterpipe The VTILITY may be for divers affections of the Womb as inflammations ulcers paines windiness to heat cool to provoke the courses or stay them bring down the after-birth for the falling out of the Womb and to cleanse it from divers impurities see for matter among the hysterical things in the following physical Magazeen or other tables Of those for the Yard and Bladder These are Compounded of a convenient liquor as hath been often said simple or compound See the altering Clyster they are also made of Emulsions as in the running of the Reins sharpnesse of the Urine c. As to the quantity three ounces or four ounces wil suffice Note that in this sometimes nothing sometimes honey chiefly or some fit syrup is to be dissolved to an ounce and sometimes the powders of divers things but ground to an exact Alchool to a dram a dram and a half or two drams The VSE â„ž c. Make an injection by a syringe sometimes when the way to the bladder is stopped 't is prescribed to be done by a Catheter The VTILITY 't is chiefly to cleanse both slime sticking to the orifice of the bladder and also filth from Ulcers for paines exulcerations excrescences of the flesh c. for heat and inflammation as usually in the virulent Gonorrhea and dry Ulces c Of those for Vlcerous Cavities and Fistula's They are COMPOVNDED of a fit Liquor proportioned to the largenesse of the Fistula in which are dissolved fit things and that somewhat plentifully where we must imitate other particular Injections viz. to the quantity of the Liquor and things to be dissolved The VSE make an injection by a Syring The VTILITY for the lessening of the callous or hardness of Fistulaes but chiefly for cleansing them to breed flesh and cicatrize matter for which you may see in his proper place God be praised FINIS An Appendix of the doses of Purgers given in substance of which there is frequent use in the treatise of the Composition of Medicines Cholagogues or Medicines purging Choler The gentler sort Cassia from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and two ounces Manna 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Tamarinds 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Juice of Roses one ounce one ounce and a half two ounces Moderate Purgers Aloes one dram two drams two drams and a half Rheubarb one dram one dram and a half two drams Citrine Myrobolanes two drams three drams half an ounce five drams The vehement sort Scammony gr six fifteen one scruple Paulus Etius to one dram Mesues gr 12. Melanagogues or Medicines purging Melancholy The gentler sort Senna 2 scruples 1 dram 2 drams some to three drams Polipody of Oak 2 3 drams half an ounce Epithimum 2 3 drams half an ounce The more violent sort Black Hellebore gr 15. half a dram two scruples Mes one dram Lapis Armenius lotus half a dram a dram a dram and a half unwasht a dram only Lap. Lazuli lotus half a dram a dram and half Mesues from two drams to two drams and a half Phlegmagogueâ— or purgers of Phlegme Gentle Carthamus soed a dram half an ounce six drams Moderate Agarick 2 scruples 1 2 drams Violent Turbith 2 scauples 1 dram 4 scruples Mesues 3 handfuls from one dram to two Hermodactils 2 scruples a dram a dram and half Mes a dram and half to three drams Mechoacan 2 scruples a dram a dram and half or two drams at most Jalap 2 scruples 1 dram 4 scruples at most Coloquintis gr 6.15 one scruple Dioscorides to two scruples Opopanax to halfe dram and a dram Sagapene half a dram and a dram Euphorbium gr 3 8 12. Hydragogues or purgers of Watrish humours Gentle as of dwarf Elder or Danewort The Seed one dram The Bark two drams The Juice half an ounce six drams So Elder in the same manner Vehement Soldanella a dram a dram and a half two drams Juyce of Ireos half an ounce 6 drams 1 ounce Elaterium gr 6. half a scruple gr 15. Esula prepared the same Mechencan and Jalap Of these see in the
compleat the whole dose taking the greater quantity of this or that or equal parts as you see fit The USE is for 1 dose only according to the present necessity at any time of the day or the disease And this is the usual FORM of RESCRIBING ℞ c. viz. the Liquor in which dissolve c. so make a potion to be taken at such or such an hour Mark this that because some Cordials are dissolved in the potion they may be prescribed in the said form or else without the straining after dissolution 't is usual to prescribe all the ingredients adding only Make a potion The UTILITY 'T is very effectual against divers affections of the heart as Swooning panting c. malignant affections poysons and when it is to be strengthened being made weak by the violence of diseases as also when the virtues of it and al other principal parts are dejected they are through the continuance of the whole disease to be assisted and restored being weakned to be strengthened and confirmed being exhausted to be recruited An altering Potion THat is to be called an altering Potion which is under a Liquid form not allotted either to purge hurtful humors or comfort the strength of the body oppressed so it be to alter any way or evacuate so it do it not by purging as in expelling the stone of the Reines c. prescribed for one onely dose to be taken by the mouth at one time The COMPOSITION of it is the same as of the corroborating potion viz. of a Liquor fitted for your present intention either a distill'd water only or else some Juyce or decoction being added to it and some convenient powder to be altered according to the variety of your indications and a proper syrup serving to the intention of the Physitian al which are prescribed in the dose after the same manner as the strengthening potion as you may perceive by one or two examples following A somniferous potion restoring and corroborating the strength exhausted by over-watchings ℞ Water of red Poppyes water Lilles and Lettuce of each two ounces syrup of white Poppy one ounce syrup of Violets half an ounce Consectio Alkermes half a dram Make a potion to be taken at the time of going to sleep A Potion for the Worms and also Cordial Take the water of Purslane and grass of each two ounces Confection of Hyacinth half a dram powder of Earthworms dryed one scruple Coralin and the shavings of Hartshorn of each one scruple syrup of Lemons one ounce So make a potion A potion to hasten delivery of a Child Take Hypocras made by the infusion of Cinnamon and Dittany in white Wine four ounces or five ounces Cinnamon water half an ounce Corfectio Alchermes one dram Saffron half a scruple syrup of Mugwort one cunce So make a potion CHAP. IV. Of Syrups DIvers simples there are Herbs Roots Seeds Fruits Flowers and others or the Juyces of them which cannot be had alwayes when need requires them especially in winter and autumn that decoctions infusions or other Medicines may be prepared of them for a present use or else they cannot be preserved sound without loss of their virtues so long a time or if they may yet the urgency of the affection or other inconveniencies do not alwayes allow such leisure as to attend the preparing of Medicines of them in divers forms or til the virtues of them may be sufficiently extracted from hence appears the necessity of syrups for the divers virtues of Plants thus kept and preserved by the benefit of Sugar or Honey in the form of a syrup are alwayes ready for use in every pressing necessity to serve for the various scope of the Physitian and are preserved sound without any depravation having joyned with them a grateful taste so that syrups are as it were a certain preserving of a medicinal Liquor Juyce decoction or infusion in which is retained the efficacy of the Medicines But a syrup is the invention of the Arabians and was scarce known to the antient Greeks we read of only mention made of Oximel and cute in Galen and Hypocrates after whose example the Mauritanians have a lorned their pharmacentick art with a various collection of syrups the modern Greeks as Actuarius cals it Scrapium Some derive this name from the Greek others from the Arabick but this is little considerable Whatsoever it is though at this time it be taken either properly for that which I shal describe and for that which is extant in the shops or improperly for a decoction preparing humors or an Apozem as Rondeletius and Jeubertus have written as an altering Julep for the Italians at this day cal a Julep Serapium perhaps because a syrup is the basis of a Julep yet at Montpelier A SYRUP is a fluid form of a Medicine made of a decoction Juyces or an infusion preserved with Sugar or Honey boyled to such a consistence that a drop on a marble or plate may not spread abroad prepared either to alter or purge It is of two sorts an altering syrup as was the syrup of the Antients and this hath been revived by our latest Physitians and a purging syrup The altering Syrup The definition of an altering syrup is to be sought among those things which we have said before in the altering Apozem as also the differences there set down But for the clearer method use and prescription sake it is two-fold Officinal and Magisterial The officinal or usual is that which is publickly extant 〈…〉 in the Apothecarys shops of which I 〈…〉 in the use of it and in respect of the prescribing of it many things occur necessary to be known hereafter to be rehearsed And this diversly divided as wel in relation to its virtues as its composition The differences taken from the virtues are considered either in general hot cold moist dry temperate Or in special in respect of the humors and other parts of the body In relation to the humors it alters either in the first qualities to which belong according to the diversity of the humor that which alters concocts digests prepares either choler phlegm melancholy or blood or in the second qualities in which number are contained those which cut attenuate incrassat cleanse binde or in the third qualities hither are referd those which cause easy coughing lenifie expectorate provoke Urine break the Stone provoke the courses condense the parts expel poyson and corroborate In regard of the parts which they properly respect some are Cephalical others Cordial c. which you may seek among the store of Physical remedies here I shal only propound the division of the Officinal syrups according to their composition and faculties onely considered generally because other things more appertain to the physical magazeen withal intending to give a Catalogue of the more usual sort because some are here in use which in other places are grown obsolete and so on the contrary neither is there the same number in use every where
her endeavour the more easie by these means which we often do also without giving a vomit by thrusting the finger down the throat or a feather dipt in oyl But those which work only by their quantity and move the excretive faculty by their warm moisture fatness are not profitable when that that is to be vomited up either is not in the stomack but in the adjacent parts or else are contained in the more remote parts or if in it are fixed in the tunicles of it or are not prepared so that they cannot be shaken out without a greater and more violent motion for then 't is better to use the compounds In the COMPOUND Vomitory two things are to be considered 1. The matter of which 't is made 2. The things to be dissolved in it The MATTER of a Vomitory is two-fold Liquid and solid The liquid matter or liquor with which I defined a Vomitory and which is for the most part used either provokes vomit or doth not provoke it That Liquor which doth provoke vomit is either a decoction or an infusion or sometimes water or a distiâ—led Liquor As to the VOMITING DECOCTION in it three things are to be regarded 1. The matter or ingredients whereby it becomes a vomitory 2. The Liquor in which these things are boyled In either of these we must see to the quality and quantity The matter or ingredients as to their quality are diverse parts of vomitive simples and those moderate for the strongest sort seldom are put into decoctions as Roots Barks Leaves and sometimes Seeds and Flowers of which 2 3 or four should be prescribed together As to their quantity those moderate vomitories are prescribed almost as those of Potions that is that they make in all one ounce two ounces or three ounces at most but particularly if one or 2 of these following be added with others or should be prescribed of themselves it should usually be in these following doses The root of Asarum to one dram two drams or three drams The middle Bark of a Walnut-Tree to 1 dram or two drams The roots of Pompions dryed to two drams and half an ounce The flowers of Broom to two drams or three drams or so many pugils As to the quality of the Liquor in which they are boyled you may take very commodiously fair water or where the humors are also to be cleansed from the stomack Barly water or some decoction where they be dry sharp and hot or Mead where gross clammy humors are to be attenuated cut and cleansed or Oxymel made with water in either case or fat and lenifying broth where the acrimony is to be temper'd whether it be of the humors-or poysons taken or of sharp violent vomits so also water and oyl in the aforesaid case which are therefore chiefly convenient because they are reckoned among the gentler vomitories The quantity of the liquor is usually let to the judgment of the Apothecary yet you may prescribe it having regard to what is said before in the Apozem and potion only observe that because for the most part they take eight ounces of Liquor for a vomiting potion those moderate vomitories should be prescribed to double the quantity A Vomiting Infusion in relation to the quality of the things to be infused is most commonly prepared of the strongest sort of vomitories which are more rightly infused then given in substance or decoction as those two most famous for their vehemency in working white Hellebor of the Antients and Antimony of modern practicers and although to the same purpose we may take also the moderate vomitories as Asarum Radishes Pompion roots dryed the middle bark of Walnuts c. yet because there cometh no danger from them either given insubstance or decoction they are to be prescribed onely in decoction but in these stronger 't is better only to give the infusion which communicates onely its spiritual virtue without any quantity of the substance which might make the operation last the longer or irritate the excretive faculty too much Therefore two things chiefly serve to prepare an infusion of white Hellebor of old most famous not only in rebellious and desperate affections but also in the sleighter sort but now scarcely used in the greatest and then with caution which being prudently had you may infuse it from half a dram to one dram and a dram and half in broth adding withal one scruple of Cordials for correctors In the place of this you may give an Apple made hollow a little then filled with the root of white Hellebore and roasted afterwards the Hellebor being taken out give it to eat So also the root of a Radish stuck thorow with slices of it then roasted and eaten But in the place of Hellebor as it is now generally used take Antimony the other growing out of date neither let it trouble you that it hath hitherto been rejected by the unexperienc'd for 't is far safer than the other and finisheth its operation without any manner of suffocation convulsion or danger of other vehement symptomes to the same purpose some use Antimony crude some its Vitrum and some the regulas of it but 't is better to chuse that preparation of Antimony which they cal Crocus Metallorum because so prepared 't is spoiled of its fetid sulfur which otherwise may be the cause of great symptoms To the same end take Antimony so prepared to 1 scruple or half a dram or rather half a scruple or gr 12 infuse it in three ounces or 4 ounces of white Wine over hot embers strain the liquor thorow a brown paper and give it Of the same Crocus is made that water commonly called Aqua benedicta instead of the aforesaid Crocus you may infuse the vitrum to one scruple or rather to gr 12. in any fit Liquor As to the quantity of the things to be infused what is said before wil. serves or these stronger if you would use them which are moderate you may prescribe The root of Asarum from one dram and a half to three drams and half an ounce The roots of Pompion dryed from one dram to three drams Nettle seed from one dram to half an ounce The bark of Walnut to 3 drams and half an ounce But 't is better to use the Antimony before spoken of As to the DISTILLED Liquor it is seldom prescribed by a Physitian except distilled Vinegar of late by the vulgar brought into Physical use which being most violent in workings is to be used with caution and that in strong people only and it is prescribed two wayes either distill'd alone out of a leaden stil or else as it is in use by the Women of Montpelier they take a Loaf hot out of the Oven infuse it in two or three pound of Vinegar and so distil it the use of this Liquor as also of the former is to give three ounces or four ounces in Fevers and chiefly Agues that are of long continuance either before or in the
Medicine almost of the consistencie of Hony or somewhat thicker prepared either to alter or purge and because it is a bit a Medicine as much as the mouth can wel contain therefore it hath its name A Boble is three-fold viz. purging altering and strengthening A PURGING BOLE WHat a purging Bole is and what are his differences taken from the variety of humors that are to be purged may appear by what hath been said before in the Apozem But in it three things are to be considered the Composition Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION chiefly the matter of which 't is made in which there is to be considered its quality and quantity As to the quality of the MATTER in general 't is composed of purgers both simple and compound as any purging powder both simple and compound and sugar As to the quantity in general a bole ought not to exceed six drams or 1 ounce seldom 10 drams unless it consist of the gentlest sort of purgers But in special a purging bole as to the matter is composed 1. Either of Cassia alone which is most commonly the basis of a bole or also pulp of tamarinds especially in the cholerick though 't is better to have it of Cassia and some other purger together that its purging quality might be acuated which else is only lenifying lest otherwise by staying too long in the intrals it might overslacken them and then as to the quantity there is prescribed half an ounce or six drams of Cassia but of the purging opiate or tablet two drams or three drams more or less examining the doses by that caution before noted that if two or three be mingled with the Cassia the compleat dose of all might be found out Note that 't is commonly used in the affections of the reins and bladder to prescribe a bole of the aforesaid Cassia as the basis to six drams to which add two drams of Turpentine washed in violet or pellitory water with a sufficient quantity of powder of liquorice and sugar to which purpose also Turpentine alone is prescribed sometimes with a scruple of Rheubarb added to it as is hereafter setdown 2. Or of the purging officinal opiate which is either prescribed alone in that quantity which hath been before in the potion and shal hereafter be defined or else together with it is added a purging tablet or solid electuary in that proportion that all together may make up the compleat dose yet should the opiate somewhat exceed the others Note that sometimes either to these two joyned or to the opiate alone is added some purging powder and that either simple as the powder of Rrheubarb Mechoachan c. from half a scruple to half a dram or compound as of diaturoith from half a scruple to a scruple according to the quantity the other things are prescribed in or else sometimes not purgative but either directing or correcting or strenghening to half a scruple 3. Or else of a tablet or solid electuary either alone in the dose aforesaid in the potion and hereafter to be set down with some syrup or Sâ—gar or sometimes an opiate being added or a purging powder as aforesaid 4. Or which is very seldome of a powder onely either simple or compound made up with a syrup or sugar but this manner is lesse used 5. Or else which hardly deserves the name of a purging bole yet is used in affections of the reins of Turpentine washed in violet water c. to two drams or three drams with a scruple of the powder of Liquorice The USE as to the manner 't is taken by swallowing it down which is easiest done out of a spoon with some syrup that is gratefull to the taste Aâ— to the quantity 't is above defined The time is in the morning after the manner of other catarrticks The FORM of PRESCRIBING when Cassia onely is taken is â„ž take the marrow of Cassiae newly drawn and sometimes 't is added by the vapour of some decoction as of Barly Liquorice Mallows for the Reins or else 't is said the pulp or flour of Cassia c. make a bole with Sugar If of an Opiate â„ž c. with Sugar make it a bole But when a bole is made of the drier things as tablets and powders so that they can hardly stick together in the form of a bole â„ž let them be moistened with such a syrup then with Sugar reduce them into the form of a bole which let him take c. but when the bole is made of Turpentine â„ž Turpentine washed c. make a bole let each bit be wrapped in Wafers so take them out of a spoon with a convenient Syrup as of Maiden hair Violets c. let them be swallowed down in the morning three or four hours before dinner and that usually for three dayes together The UTILITY is the same with that of a potion viz. when the cause of the affection is in the inferior region or the parts adjacent but a bole of Cassia is particularly profitable in the reins and bladder in which we should deal very gently and onely lenisie The strengthening bole IN it three things are to be considered the composition use and utility As to the COMPOSITION in respect of its quality it is prepared 1. Either of officinall conserves and a powder which is either the Species of some Electuary of the shops or other aromaticall powder as of Cinnamom c. with Sugar Note that sometimes with the aforesaid conserves are also taken cordiall confections as alchermes de hyacintho 2. or of some strengthening officinall confection alone As to the quantity this bole in generall seldom exceeds three drams or half an ounce In speciall the quantities and dose of the first sort of these boles is this as of conserves let there be three drams half an ounce powders a Scruple Of confections if added one scruple or half a dram But of the second sort viz. the confection is prescribed from a dram to a dram and half The USE as to the time it useth to be prescribed the day after a purging Medicine two hours before dinner or otherwise at any other convenient hour simply to strengthen without any purge preceding it As to the manner 't is to be swallowed out of a spoon if you will with syrup drinking aftâ—r it a little wine diluted or other liquor fit for the purpose The FORM â„ž c. make it a bole with Sugar which let him take c. The Vtility sufficiently appears in its name see also the cordiall potion but most usually they are prescribed after purging medicines to comfort the stomack and parts afflicted by them as also by the violence of diseases and also simply to strengthen without Relation to any preceding Purgation as often as the strength growing weak or feeble by any other cause requires it as also to alter together with the strengthening so also this sort of boles are used against fluxes of the belly
and those which are new weighty and full which if it be shaken doth not rattle or sound shining without and ful of fat pulp within Neither is it to be drawn til to be used for after 't is kept in it groweth sowr The Qualities As to the first qualities Cassia is very near temperate for Avicen lib. 2. ch 197. writes that it is temperate in the active qualities but that in the passive it doth somewhat moisten Serapio lib. Simp. ch 12. makes it altogether temperate Mesues cap. 6. Simpl. writes that it a little inclines to heat Ant. Musa in exam simpl says it is hot and moist in the first or beginning of the second degree As to the second qualities it lenifies mollifies and loosens purgeth choler and phlegme and makes the blood pure As to the parts and affections 't is dedicated to the Brest Lungs Liver Reins and bladder and is therefore profitably used in the Pleurisie burning Fevers hot distemper of the Liver heat of the Reins and bladder and also in the stone in the running of the Reins or Gonorrhea proceeding from a sharp matter or cholerick sperme As to the age and Sex 't is safe for all ages and very profitable for Women with child Correction of it Besides the aforesaid commodities Cassia hath this discommodity that 't is very windy maketh so slippery and is of slow operation hence it is hurtful for them that are troubled with windinesse and that have a weak moist stomack and less commodious for them that are of a loose belly and is hurtful for the Ulcers of the Reins and bladder and little helps them that are of a costive nature unless these defects of it be correrected But it is corrected as to its windiness with halfadram or a dram of the seeds of Annise Fennel Citrons as it over-moistens or relaxeth wth the powder of the bark of Myrobolanes Reubarb Ciâ—amon Mastick but chiefly Coriander seed prepared and as to its sloth in working 't is to be quickened with two drams or half an ounce of some purging Electuaries or Tablets The Dose 'T is given for the most part to children from three drams to half an ounce to those of ripe age an ounce an ounce and a half two ounces to those that are with child or weak one ounce if Cassia with the cane be taken the dose is the same But the most usual dose of Cassia is from half an ounce to an ounce The manner of giving it Cassia is taken either in the form of a bole or a potion if it it be taken in the form of a bole the basis is Cassia to an ounce or an ounce and a half as need requires correctors being added or things respecting the part affected to half a dram or a dram or things that quicken it to two or three drams more or lesse and so with q. s of Sugar is made a bole as for example in affections of the breast â„ž of Cassia newly drawn one ounce more or lesse Flower of brimstone or some other pectoral powder to a scruple or half an dram the seed of Annise or some other corrector two scruples with sugar make a bole In burning Fevers â„ž c. of Cassia one ounce the seeds of Citrons powdered one dram with sugar make a bole In affections of the Reins and Bladder 't is prescribed of Cassia six drams Turpentine washed in pellitory-Pellitory-water two drams with powder of Liquorish sugar q. s make a bole so according to the indication may be adjoyned those things that suppresse the effluvium of the seed as Coral Mastick Oriental bole Troschisch of Amber to half a dram or two scruples and so with sugar make a bole 't is a most excellent Medicine if the faculty of Cassia is to be acuated â„ž of Cassia six drams or half an ounce some purging Tablets or Electuaries as Diaprun solutive or Electuar de succco Rosar two or three drams Coriander seed prepared 2 scruples with sugar make a a bole In those that are of a loose constitution other purgers are added that are indued with a strengthening binding faculty as to 1 ounce of Cassia take an ounce of Reubarb or the barks of Myrobolanes and half a dram of some of the correctors so with Sugar make a bole But if it be taken in the form of a potion some Liquor is to betaken in which the Cassia is to be dissolved This Liquor is either a distilled water as of Sorrel Endive Succory or some decoction of fit plants as for example take of Cassia an ounce a half which dissolve in q. s of Liquor make a potion Of late at Paris they have began to use Cassia in infusion which way is of all the best because Cassia in the form of a bole is ungrateful through its extream quantity and if it be dissolved in a fit Liquor it renders the potions too gross therefore 't is much better if Cassia be infused in some conveniet Liquor in some hot place and a q. s of the in fusion strained be dissolved in other things c. or if need be some other may be joyned and so given as for example in burning Fevers â„ž Sorrel water as much as you wil in which infuse of Cassia newly drawn an ounce and a half or lesse in q. s of the strained Liquor dissolve two drams of Electuary of the juice of Roses more or lesse make a potion MANNA The Kinde THe word Manna is a doubtful word for somtimes 't is taken for the Manna of Frank-insence which is nothing else then the smal corns of frankinsence broken off in carriage or else 't is meant of a dew condensed in this latter sense I here understand it Of this there are diverse differences taken from the Provinces but that which is usual in the shops is that which is brought out of Calabria which is gathered in Calabria by the Inhabitants about the dogg-dayes upon the leaves of the Ash and the wild Ash which is two-fold Manna in grains which is as it were in smal grains and the Masticine Manna which consists of the greater grains like Mastick The first is called Manna of the leaves because 't is gathered from the leaves the other is called Manna of the body because 't is taken off from the greater boughes And this Manna is altogether celestial i. e. falling from the very region doth settle on the leaves and doth not proceed like Gum out of the tree as Altimarus and the Monks that have commented on Mesues have written for it fals not onely on the leaves of trees but also on the Meadows so that the mowers cannot untangle easily their sickles from the grasse by reason of the Manna dissolved on them with the heat of the Sun but the reason why 't is onely gathered from the Ash and wild ash called Ornus is because the Ash hath some occult quality whereby it doth thicken and coagulate the Manna which from other trees drops off like Honey on
if to be had honey of Roses strained Or Electuaries which are either soft as Opiates or solid as Tabulets Opiates either purge al humors as Catholicon or phlegm only as Diaphoenicon Indum minus benedicta Laxativa Hiera picra though unpleasantly or Choler as Diaprunum simplex Diacassia Tryphera Persica Diaprunum solutivum Electuar of Roses Mesues Electuary de Psillio or Phlegm and Choler together as Diaphoenicum Indum minus or Melancholy as Catholicon best of al Diasenna solutive Confectio hamech minor or else watrish humors as Benedicta laxative solid Electuaries either respect choler as Eleci de succo rosar or phlegme as Diacarthamum Electuary de citro solutives or Choler and Phlegme together as the two last Or some powder extant in the shops as Diaturbith in Germany for phlegm and waterish humors Magisterial purgers use to be prescribed by the Physitian for present use and as is the infusion of Rhuebarb alwayes prescribed but chiefly for cholerick humours thus let the infusion of 1 dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb made in Endive or Succory water or else the expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb or the infused Liquor of one dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb for these three wayes sound the same thing ALTERERS or Sweetners besides those now mentioned are usually syrups but Manna is often given alone with broth Diacarthamum Rheubarb Mechoacam are most commonly prescribed to be taken in white Wine And these in respect of their quality are onely used as alterers if the decoction or infusion be sufficiently purging it self or if a sufficient quantity of other purgers be dissolved in the strained Liquor and those respecting both the humour and part affected from whence succeeds a happy event Or purgers also when things are otherwise and the most usual for al potions almost is syrup of Roses solutive But in relation to the quantity in general the dose of the purgers to be dissolved shal be more or less according as the decoction or infusion or both shal be nothing at al or more or less purging for Catharticks are to be dissolved in such a quantity that they may make one whole and allowable dose with the simple purgers if any be either decocted or infused which may easily be known by the several doses both of simple and compound purgers as for example the dose of Senna in a decoction that it may only moderately purge is an ounce or an ounce and a half or rather from half an ounce to an ounce of Rhubarb in the infusion that it might moderately purge frō a dram and half to half an ounce so that if you prescribe a decoction of half an ounce of Senna in which it should be infused because half an ounce is onely one third of the dose in which it may be given that is of an ounce and a half in which it purgeth moderately and also prescribe one dram of Rhuebarb which is but a fourth part of the whole dose of Rheubarb it comes to pass that these joyned make only 7 twelfths of the whole dose which make not up the whole dose by five twelfths to supply wch you must dissolve so much of some fit Electuary as may make the dose compleat as Electuary Diacarthamum whose dose since it is fix drams you must borrow from thence 7 twelfths viz. two drams a half so have you the proportion which may allowably be dissolved that with the help of the others it may moderately purge the body where other contingencies are indifferent And thus the dose of those things that are to be dissolved is to be examined that al things may be prescribed safely not dangerously or by chance But in special when the Liquor of a potion is little or nothing purging at Montpellier for a body where al things are moderate we may dissolve Manna to 2 ounces or 3 ounces Cassia in a smal quantity and not unless some powerful indication require it as in lenifying the affections of the breast and Reins because it makes potions gross and ungrateful if it should be dissolved in his legitimate dose therefore 't wil be best to dissolve not above three drams or four drams but that this smal quantity may be made up you may add the stronger sort of purging electuaries to three drams or half an ounce wherefore usually that it may be more acceptable in potions 't were better to infuse it as they do at Paris Rheubarb if it be dissolved in substance against the dysentery or flux of the belly c. you may do it to one scruple half a dram or one dram for a purging powder should not much exceed one dram otherwise it may be too thick and thereby ungrateful Mechoacan to one dram and a dram and half Jalop to one dram Syrup of Roses solutive new to three ounces and four ounces for old syrup is not used Some things are seldom used or dissolved to purge by themselves as the syrup of Roses solutive unless in delicate persons as to them that are easily purged or else as it is sometimes when the decoction of it self is very purgative Electuaries of the shops in the form of opiats if gentle as diaprunis simple diacassia Tryphera Persica Diasebesten Catholicon though seldom to one ounce or an ounce and half at most for in a greater quantity they thicken the Liquor too much diaprunis solutive and Electuary de Psillio to half an ounce six drams or one ounce at most for strong people Indum minus Diaphoenicum from three drams to six drams Benedicta laxativa from two drams to five drams But those which are in the form of Tabulets as diacarthamum de citro solutive de succo rosarum from 3 drams to six drams at most in the strongest people The dose of the infusion of Rheubarb is above-mentioned Sweetning syrups when altering although purgers are only dissolved from one ounce to an ounce and half when purging from one ounce to half an ounce unless you would purge with them only which is seldom seen The USE and FORM of prescribing is various according to the variety of the Liquor I. If the Liquor be any of the above-mentioned decoctions 't is prescribed ℞ c. viz. the said ingredients make a decoction in q. s. of a fit Liquor to three ounces or four ounces strain in it c. or without straining make a decoction c. take of the strained Liquor three ounces or four ounces for either way is usual in which dissolve c. make a potion to be taken in the morning with care and order having eaten a light supper the night before But if you would not describe your decoction at length 't wil be sufficient if having set down the purgers you prescribe any as for example the decoction of Endive Agrimony Maidenbair c. Make a potion c. II. If of any officinal decoction ℞ c. viz. the things that are to be dissolved with q.
s. of such a decoction make a potion c. or else turning the order say â„ž c. viz. of such or such a decoction 3 ounces in which dissolve c. Make a potion This same form is likewise commonly used with the common purging decoction of the Shops II. 〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉 â„ž c. viz. those things that are to be infused make an infusion in q s. of some Liquor before mentioned over hot embers twelve hours or a whole night or if you please without noting the time then strain it and dissolve in it c. so make a potion It may otherwise be more briefly prescribed thus â„ž The expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb made in a fit water in which dissolve c. So make a Potion This is to be noted that when Mechoacan or the root of Jalop are infused they should be prescribed to be infused in white Wine so let it be given in the morning with the usual ordering without any expression to one dram or a dram and half IV. If of a decoction and an infusion together â„ž c. viz. those things that are necessary to be bâ—yledâ— make a decoction in q. s. of some appropriat Liquor in a sufficient quantity of the strained Liquor infuse c. viz. those things mentioned before in the infusion then having strained them dissolve c. so make a potion and this order is now most usual V. 〈◊〉 without these the potion be prescribed of some other Liquor then thus â„ž c. viz. the purger that is to be dissolved as Diacarthamum six 〈…〉 to purge a phlegmatick person make it into a potion with s q of such a Liquor The UTILITY a potion in general is very commodious when we have an indication of purging either with a minorative Medicine to lessen the humors before concoction or an eradicating Medicine to exclude the humour already prepared and concocted or else of otherwise evacuating it without this preparation which seeing it may be done with Medicines under the three-fold form of pils boles and potions for powders and purging tablets as also syrups never come in use unless in the form of a potion dissolved in some convenient Liquor of these a potion is to be preferred in these cases When humours in respect of their scituation are gathered in the first region of the body and are to be expell'd without any perturbation of the body not to be drawn from far for in this liquid form the purging quality soon descends into the belly with the Liquor and is soon communicated to it so that in so short a time the purging quality cannot be diffused to the more remote parts although some smal evacuation happen also to them by consecution of the humors unless you boyl or dissolve stronger Medicines and in a greater quantity which cannot be done so safely in which case pils are better which staying long in the belly the virtue of them at last insinuates it self into the habit of the body therefore a potion is most commodious in affections of the stomack and neighbouring parts Pancreas Mesentery Spleen Liver and other inferior parts But in respect of the several sorts of humors to be evacuated the form of a potion as also of a bole doth more agree with tempers and affections that are cholerick then the solid form of pils because both to moisten lenifie and cool which three properties such a hot and dry constitution requires those things which are suppable and liquid do more aptly perform and therefore rather to be used unless a great weakness of the stomack and a broken strength which are more dissolved by Liquid things require the contrary then 't is better to use pils or boles 'T is also very profitable to purge Melancholy because this humor as it were dusty with drought may be washed down by such actual moisture and the wayes by which it is to pass made slippery and al other hinderances relaxed and moistened T is also very useful in phlegmatick affections unless the stomack be very weak so that the plegm be found in the first or second region of the body for if it be in the third Region or remore parts it wil be little advantagious unless composed of the stronger and greater quantity of purgers from whence danger 'T is also useful in obstructions of gross dry condensated humors and also in the summer as pils in the winter A Corroborating Potion A Corroborating Potion which also sometime is called a Julep drink or Cordial potion is a liquid form of medicine composed of Confections or Cordial powders and a syrup dissolved in a fit liquor to strengthen and confirm the principal parts restore strength and help the peculiar affections of the heart In this three things are considerable the Composition Vse and Vtility In COMPOSITION two things are to be regarded 1. A fit Liquor of which 't is made 2. What things are to be dissolved in it The Liquor is to be regarded in relation to his quality and quantity In relation to his quality there is prescribed 1. Some distill'd Cordial water as of Borage c. 2. Some distill'd water and a convenient juice together which is most usual for 't is seldome made of a Juyce alone and seldom also of decoctions or infusions In respect to its quantity the dose is the same as of the purging potion three ounces or sour ounces yet in summer and in the great heat of Fevers and other hot affections you may prescribe a larger quantity Things to be dissolved are also considered in respect to their quality and quantity In relation to the quality there is alwayes dissolved some fit Cordial syrup and besides it alwayes 1. Either some Cordial confection alone as usually Confection Alchermes de Hyacintho c. of which see in the Juleps 2 Or some Cordial powder alone and that either simple as Harts-horn Coral Bolearmoniack Terra sigillata Pearls Fragments of preticus stones Vnicorns horn Bezar stone these may be prescribed and are to be chosen according to the urgency and variety of the affections Or else compound as the powder of some electuary of the shops as Diamargaritum frigidum c. and this is most usual to be prescribed for this sort of Cordial Potions as the simples are though much seldomer 3 Or some Confection or powder together In relation to the quantity syrups are usually prescribed to an ounce and an ounce and half Cordial confections from half an ounce to an ounce and an ounce and half at most Cordial powders from one scruple to two scruples or one ounce at most But if it be of the more scarce and pretious sort let it not exceed one scruple so for the most part 't is prescribed to half a scruple and one scruple The fragment of pretious stones and Vnicornshorn from gr 5 to half a dram Bezoar stone to gr 4 or 6. Confections and powders together are so to be prescribed that they may
effectual united faculty To the Troschischs are to be referred the Muscardines WHich are little pastils so called from the musk they contain cheifly composed for the perfuming the breath and to exalt venereall moriscoes such are these of Gallia moschata that are most effectual They are compounded either simply of ambergreese musk-grains three four c as you wil and q. s sugar dissolved in rose-water with a little starch Or else more compounded of the powder of some aromatical things of sweet savor as cinnamom Saunders one dram musk Ambergreese gr three or four as you list and sugar q. s make troschischs of which let him hold one often in his mouth CHAP. VII Of Powders THe USE of POWDERS is extream necessary both that solid medicines may come in use of themselves as also that they may the easilier be mixed with other formes of medicines but that which the Latines cal a powder the Arabians call by 3. names Suffuff any gross powder Alcohol the finest powders and Seiff the grinding of any sort of troschischs which is done on a stone with a fit water for affections of the eyes but a powder is either officinal or magisterial of which this discourse is The magisterial is either internal or external The internall is either purging strengthening or altering Purging Powder The definition and differences may be sought out of what is aforesaid It is compounded of Catharticks and for the most part those that are the pleasantest with their proper correctors in a proportion often before mentioned As to the quantity to an ounce an ounce and half is the most is prescribed and note that sugar for the more delicate may be added but in a smal quantity or equal to the powder and that exactly defined The VSE as to the manner 't is to betaken in broth or some convenient liquor As to the quantity the doses of the purgers are to be computed As to the time in the morning with custody The FORM â„ž c. Make a powder of which c. The VTILITY is to purge see afore The strengthening powder Although it may be prescribed to strengthen divers parts according to the scope of the Physitian yet 't is either to confirm the stomack and is called a Digestive or the heart and is called a Cordial and an Alexiterial it may be also made for other uses as to strengthen the Liver Intrals c. The COMPOSITION 1 of the digestive powder is in general of stomachical things that help concoction dissolvers of wind and binder But in special Coriander-seed prepared is usually the basis prescribed to an ounce to which are added things that discuss wind as Anniseed to half an ounce or 6 drams then strengtheners of the stomack either simple or compound to 2 or 3 drams at most with sugar of Roses in tablets s q. 2. The Cordial powder or that which strengthens other parts which is compounded both of simple and compound powders of Electuaries proper and specifical to half an ounce 6 drams or 1 ounce according as the use of it shal continue long or short yet so that the more pretious Cordial powders be joyned but in a smal quantity either to a fourth or sixth part these are prescribed either alone or for the better taste sake sugar rosat is mixed with them to three or four times their weight The VSE and form of the Digestive powder â„ž c. Make a powder of which let him take a spoonful neither eating nor drinking after it But of a Cordial or other strengthening powder as hepatical c. this is the form â„ž c. Make a powder of which let him take 1 2 or 3 drams with water broath or other convenient liquor and that in the morning the stomack being empty or else when necessity requires especially if it be Alexiterial The VTILITY is for the strengthening of the principal parts and others also and consists for the most part of hot things yet with the same intention of strengthening they may be prepared of cooling things Hither appertains the altering powder altering divers wayes according to the scope in first second and third qualities as that which is generally prescribed of steel against obstructions with other openers to one ounce or two ounces with an equal quantity of sugar of which a spoonful is taken every morning drinking after it a little wine or other convenient Liquor so against the stone or gravel of stone-breaking medicines to an ounce an ounce and a half and Sugar s q. of which take one dram or a dram and a half with a diuretical Liquor so to provoke the birth and courses as also to bind the fluxes of blood both by stool and from the Womb and bladder against all kindes of fluxes and to alter divers wayes when moysture is one cause offending Thus much of an internal powder The external powder is also sometimes prescribed and is either physical or chirurgical The physical or medicinal is for the most part strengthening as is usually prescribed for comforting and drying the brain of proper cephalical things as Roots Leaves c. prescribed to two ounces adding to it also and that frequently the violet or cypris powder to one ounce or one ounce and a half more or less but for the most part they take of roots two ounces seeds six drams flowers three drams spices two drams The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a gross powder with which let the head be dryed in the morning which is most usual lafter the washing of it The VTILITY is to strengthen the brain and dry the phlegmatick and to waste the excrementitious moysture of the hairs of the head The Chyrurgical powder is various to be prescribed only by a Chyrurgeon to cleanse fil and heal Ulcers stop the bleeding of wounds c. the quantity of prescribing it varies according to the various occasion of its use THE SECOND BOOK OF EXTERNAL REMEDIES The First SECTION Of Remedies common to many parts CHAP. I. Of Epithemes or liquors to be applyed to any part IF you regard the signification of the name every external medicine that is applyable to any part may be so called but now it claims a peculiar kinde of right in designing only those remedies that are externally applyed to the Heart and Liver and the nobler parts of the body to alter strengthen and is two-fold liquid and solid The liquid Epitheme The name is apparent and it is fluid like water or a Julep chiefly composed of a convenient liquor and cordial powders In it three things are to be considered the Composition Vse and Vtility In the Composition we must regard the matter of which 't is made whether liquid or dry as powder or mean between both and in either of these the quality and quantity The Liquor as to its quality is for the most part a distilled water as the basis such as is proper both for the affection and part affected and that either alone or else
that wants cooling and moistening or heating and moistening together CHAP. VI. Of a Stoveer Sudatory IT is otherwise called a Laconic because the Laconians were wont to use it as the Romans to bath others call it a vaporary In this the sick party is not dipped in the Liquor but onely warmed with either a hot and dry or a hot and moist vapor and caused to sweat Therefore a stove is two-fold a moist and a dry The moist Is made by the vapour of some decoction whereby the aire under the Canopye grows hot It is COMPOSED of a Canopy with a Bath erected and placed over the sick on which are layed sheets or blankets to keep in the vapour And this is heated diversly by the vapour 1. Either by stoves fiery hot so placed underneath that the Decoction to be used being cast cast on them the vapour ascends to the aforesaid purpose 2. Or else the Decoction is first poured in yet so that it touch not the sick and then into it the stones are dropped fiery hot 3. Or which is more commodious the decoction is prepared in two Cauldrons which are heated by turns and poured into the under tub as each other cools This Decoction is prepared of proper Roots Leaves Flowers for the most part hot cephalical wel sented of thin parts and in quantity as the highest proportion of the Apozems and to be prescribed with water q. s The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction whose vapor let the sick receive under a Canopy close shut so let him sweat at his pleasure let him use it twice a day long after meat the belly being first emptied and that for two dayes let his stay in it be according to his strength when he comes forth wipe off the sweat and let him rest in his bed c. the use of this is most convenient in the winter and spring as of the bath in summer The dry Stove That is so called which onely is heated with the heat of the fire This is made 1. Either in the manner of an Oven as in Ger. many is usually called a hot house or laconic 2. Or else fiery flints are layed under the Canopy on plates of iron and so give a heat 3. Or at this day for the French disease 't is made of a frame of wood like the cover of a burial bear and with this the sick are covered and sheds laid over it under it are placed little red hot stones til the sweat follow plentiful the party having first drank a draught of the Decoction of Guajack or some other sudorifick The USE is as the other the stay in them according to their strength which are thus much wasted so that they can hardly indure one quarter or half an hour The UTILITY it warms the matter of the disease spread over all the body and attenuates it loosens the skin and empties it it is very effectual in cold and moist affections loosenesse of humors the dropsie Leucophlegmatia for it powerfully dissolves the humours and consumes them by sweat very profitable for them that are fat especially those who are cacochymical if the foulness of humours be either in the habit of the body or in the veins In the French Pox 't is generally used dry and is not to be used at all unlesse the body be first emptied for then the relicks are by this way easily quite rooted out CHAP. VII Of Embrocation IT is not properly a certain Form of Medicine but only a manner of using it when we pour on any part some liquor or oyl and that either pouring it from high or only rubbing it gently in for Practisers use the name of Embrocation either way and usually confound it with irrigation for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies to rain water or dip but be it as it will here for distinction sake we will distribute it into Irrigation and Embrocation Irrigation It is a pouring of Liquor from high like rain on any part but chiefly the head making it distill out of a snowted vessel and differs from a Fomentation only in form of using it It is PREPARED divers ways 1. Either of the decoction of divers parts of Plants hot or cold according to the scope in the quantity as for a Lotion made in water or wine as your indication requires boyled to the consumption of the third part in which being strained to one pound may be sometimes added vinegar wine aqua vitae according as the affections be cold or hot two or three drams c. 2. Or of Oyl only plentifully powred but this is better applyed as an Embrocation with linnen rags dipped in it especially in convulsions and affections of the nerves 3. Or of oyl distilled water and vinegar in hot affections of the head see the Oxirrodinum The VSE and FORM â„ž c. of the decoctior lib. one two or three make an Irrigation from high with a stream on the part affected c. See the Lotions The VTILITY t is chiefly dedicated to hot affections especially of the head the inflammations of the brain and membranes of it and that on the forepart of the head as also in provoking sleep in hot affections and great watchings though of late the Lotions of the feet be used in its stead t is very usefull in Feavers where there is a delirium and for hot affections of the head for it cools much because falling from high it pierceth the deeper and because still a fresh Liquor comes on it and the part so cooled is thereby the more tempered It may also be used profitably to its cold affections but most of all to the hot to which it chiefly belongs and when we would most of all cool in the beginning of inflammations we do it either with a cooling decoction Oxirrodinum or Oxicratum in the Erisipelas In cold affections though these may be used we rather use the Fomentation as also in dissolving an inflammation in Fractures and Luxations where t is not safe to unty the Ligâ—tures when pain is urgent this may be used with oyl of violets or to repel oyl of roses Oyls are suspected in Fractures and Luxations Note that the dripping of bath waters may be referred to this place Embrocation It is not taken here for watring a thing from on high but as it is at this day used or for a gentle rubbing of the part with oyl or for the applying of wool or linnen dipped in oyl or other convenient liquor for Embrecho in Greek signifies both to dip rain or water a thing It is COMPOVNDED and prescribed 1. Either of Wool or Lints which others call bolstrings dipped from whence its name in oyl only or in some other convenient Liquor applyed to the part after the manner of an Epitheme to be often renewed This Liquor is either oyl alone or some juices only or distilled waters only or else all together in this proportion Oyl Juices Water ana four ounces 2. Or as at
the sight discussing and rarifying and that in white wine often in water sometimes the urine of a boy Childe being added to two ounces The VSE and FORM of the decoction â„ž c. make a decoction in c. for a suffumigation let him receive the vapor or fume of this to his eye either through a narrow-mouthed Pot or a Tunnel other vents being closed morning and night long from meat for so many days as there is need afterwards let the eyes be fomented with a spunge dipped in the decoction or with little bags filled with the ingredients which let be applied warm by turns for a quarter or half an hour The VTILITY is expressed it may also be made to binde as in the dilation of the apple or pupil of the eye of convenient things and in the running of the tears but the first use is most frequent These for a vaporous Collyrium The LIQVID one is absolutely called a Collyrium though antiently Collyriums were properly dry in the forms of Troschischs which they dissolved in a fit liquor at the time of using them But t is COMPOVNDED diversly 1. Either of a distilled water alone simple or compound The simple may be prescribed either one two or more to four ounces make a Collyrium The Compound which is magisterial and chiefly addicted to digest discuss cleanse sharpen the sight and take away suffusions and is to be prescribed by the Physitians and is made in relation to its quality of things that sharpen the sight leaves seeds as also Cephalical heating things as leaves seeds spices as Ginger Pepper sometimes adding Gall the Vrine of a Young Boy White Wine Honey c. As to the quantity let there be of sight sharpning leaves M. six or M. eight seeds one ounce a half or 2. ounc Cephalical leaves M. 2. spices half an ounce six drams Gall two ounces Urine lib. half or lib. 1 2. Honey lib. half Wine lib. 2. The FORM â„ž c. Let them steep eight days in a glass vessel in a warm place or horse dung afterwards distil them in Balneo Mariae put the distilled water in a glass bottle and keep it for your use which is as that of others 2. Of Juices onely and chiefly of Leaves clarified and infused into the eyes or applyed with linnen raggs wet in them 3. Or of a Decoction onely of Leaves Seeds Flowers fit for the purpose to be prescribed in the quantity of a potion for four ounces wil suffice for a Collyrium 4 Or of an infusion onely of metalline things as of Antimony 1 dram in 4 ounces of water which is admirable to clarifie the sight so also gr 1.2.3 of Vitriol in Rose or Fennel water is admirable against the redness and pain of the eyes Or else made of proper vegetables infused either in a distilled water Juices or a decoction c. to 4. or 6 ounces the Liquor afterwards being strained and filtrated is to be kept in a glass for use 5. Or of a distilled water Juice Infusion Decoction 2 3 or all of these together mixed according to your intention to 3 or 4 ounces 6. Or other liquors are used alone according to your scope as VVine VVater whites of Egges in paines c. 7. Or some convenient powder made of proper eye medicines added to the aforesaid Liquor several or mixed As to the quantity of the powder 1.2 or 3 drams is to be the most those that are strong should not exceed 1 dram so with 4 5 or 6 oun of Liquor make a Collyr um Note also 't is best to strain a Collyrium for the roughness of the powders unless it be to scoure The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make a Collyrium a few drops of which 2 or 3 is to be dropped into the greater corner of the eye or and besides which seems best to me apply a Linnen cloth dipped in the same Liquor to the eyes and change them often so let it be as it were a fomentation or an Epitheme Or when the Liquors are gentler let the Patient lie forward and apply the Collyrium in a cup fitted to the eye so that it may as it were bath the whole eye The VTILITY of the liquid moist one chiefly is to cool and quench the burnings of the eyes to drive away paines and inflammations in the beginning afterwards to discuss them also to repel and stay rhewms to dry and consume teares to cleanse off any filth from them to sharpen the sight and discuss gross humors Thus much for the liquid Collyrium Here follows The COLLYRIUM like Honey 't is so called because 't is of the consistence of Honey and that three-fold in the form of a Liniment a Pultis and a Cataplasme The Liniment fashion Collyrium is made 1. Either of the powder of some fit things made into an Alcohol and a fit thing to embody it withal which is various according to the scope as a fit Muscilage honey butter oyntment of Roses c. according to your indications As to the quantity let the whole composition be an ounce viz. of powders 2 or 3 drams and half a ounce or six drams of that with which they are imbodied 2. Or without a powder of the muscilage of fit seeds as of Quinces c. but the former way is the more usual The Cataplasm and Pultis is for the most part made onely to ease paines and that of two ounces of the crumbs of white bread soaked in q. s of milk to which is added sometimes the muscilage of Fleawort to half an ounce Opium gr 2 c. 2. Or of onely the pulp of a Pippin softened at the fire or boyled in Milk to two ounces 3. Or of both together 4. Or to repel of the pulp of Quinces boyled to two ounces 5. Orchiefly to discuss after the manner of cataplasmes of the muscilage made of the residence of the sight-sharpening decoction bruised and driven through the strainer see the vaporous Collyrium The VSE and FORM of the Liniment â„ž c. Make it like a Liniment with which anoint the corners of the eyes that it may leisurely penetrate to the inward parts Or else it may be applied with a pencil to the eye-lids at the place affected Of the Cataplasm â„ž make it like a Pultis or a Cataplasme lay it on a fit linnen cloth wet in a fit liquor and apply it The VTILITY of the Liniment is special where we would help the affection of the eye-lids or cleanse to which purpose t is most usefull and also to dry it may profitably be used to discusse and for pains but then it is better in the form of a Pultis Collyriums are made in this form that by this means the powders sticking the longer may work more effectually on the part and if there be any sharp medicines they are thus allayd The Cataplasm and Pultis are used only to ease pain they may nevertheless be applied to discuss and repel as aforesaid Thus far of
morning or at other times when the brain is benummed or when the birth is to be provoked The UTILITY is remarkable to empty the brain of gross vapours and slime from the fore-parts of it and is profitable in lasting and sleepy affections to expel the birth having first taken medicines to that purpose it powerfully draws from the tunicles of the brain and is profitable in affections of them proceeding from cholerick humors The altering Errhine I call that so which is used to cure divers affections of the nostrils and this is also three-fold liquid soft solid T is Compounded 1. Either of convenient Juices drawn out of Leaves with water or some fit Liquor to 6 or 7 ounces in which afterwards is dissolved Honey or some convenient syrup to an ounce and a half or two ounces and sometimes a powder to half an ounce Or of some fit decoction to the quantity of a Clyster in which also is dissolved honey or some proper syrup to two or three ounces 2. Or in the form of a Liniment of fit things as above 3. Or in a solid form viz. of a Turund as they cal it of a powder chiefly of binders and dryers to three drams viz. for one and the white of an egg some fit juice or honey to make them up withal make them up into a Turund or Pyramidfashioned Tent adding if you will the hairs of an Hare and put it up in the nostrils The VSE and FORM is as that of the purging Errhine yet the use of this may be at any time and particularly when they go to bed let them put in one in the morning another The VTILITY is great in particular affections of the Nose as in the Ozena Polipus Ulcers stench bleeding to which Turunds are used in the form of a Liniment CHAP. IX Of Suffiments or Fumes SVffiments differ from Adoraments or sweet-scented perfumes in this because the last cast their scent without fire but Suffiments do not part with theirs without the touch of fire And this is twofold one for pleasure another for health sake and either of these may be dry or moyst that is called a Fume or suffiment this is rather to he called a vapor The Suffiment for pleasure This is chiefly dedicated to grace the Court and for pleasures consisting of sweet-scented things and is either dry or moyst The dry is COMPOUNDED 1. Either in the form of a Powder the matter of which is either well-scented Gums as Stirax and Benzoine chiefly and also roots as Acorns c. Barks as of Citrons Orenges Woods as Lignum Aloes Leaves as Margerom c. Cephalical flowers and spices as Mace Cloves Cinnamon c. Also Camphire Musk Amber-greece Civet c. Of these more or fewer As to the quantity the Dose of the whole may be from one ounce to two ounces according as the things are costly but if it be for the perfuming the head-cloathes it may be prescribed to four ounces of the cheaper sortâ— Therefore of this quantity viz. one ounce two ounces let there be of gums half an ounce or four drams of powders three drams c. or of each alike parts Ambergreese Musk Civet as you think fit 2. Or in the Form of Troschischs the aforesaid powder being made up with gum-fragrant dissolved in a fit water make Troschischs c. of the weight of one dram so let them be dryed 3. Or in the form of Cypress Birds as they call them of sweet Gums three ounces the aforesaid powders half an ounce or six drams Charcoal of Willow-wood two ounces or three ounces with Gum-tragant dissolved or Labdunum melted q. s make Cypress birds Caldles for Fumes c. Musk and Amber-greese may be added at your pleasure The USE and Form of the Powder â„ž c. Make a powder to be cast on bright Charcoals to perfume Chambers or cloaths Of the Troschischs this â„ž c. make c. cast one or two on the coals so for the birdlets â„ž c. light one of them for a fume for the chamber The VTILITY though they seem onely intended for pleasure yet seeing they consist of precious cephalical and cordial simples they cannot but cherish the brain heart and spirits of them and drive away malignity The moyst is at this day usually prepared and they cal it a Cassolete 'T is COMPOVNDED best of Gums as Storax Benzoin to two ounces and if you wil of some of the powders to two or three drams these are all dissolved in some sweet water as of Roses and then Cassolets made for a long use like paste and dryed at the time of using them a Cassolete is sprinkled with some sweet water and then heated over the fire it breaths forth a very fragrant perfume and to make it the more delightful you may add gr 3 or 4 of Musk. The Vtility is the same with that of the dry one Suffiment for Health That Fume that is addicted to the conservation of health is from its effect two-fold one strengthening the principal parts and refreshing the spirits almost of the same things as that for pleasure The other altering as drying the brain cleansing the Lungs moving the courses helping suffocation c. From the forme 't is also two-fold dry and moist The DRY in general is made of things which breathe forth a Fume and that wel-sented as Ladanum Storax Benzoin c. as aforesaid and sometimes ill-sented as Galbanum assa Foetida Castoreum c. the use of which is from beneath in affections of the Womb 't is also made of the powders of things serving to the scope as of Roots Woods c. therefore in general 't is made of gums and powders But in special 't is compounded first in the form of a powder of the aforesaid things from one to two ounces according as the use is to continue long or short and particularly let there be of gums 2 ounces of powders half an ounce c. sometimes more sometimes less as you think fit Note that in the affections of the Womb are usually taken among the powders Gallia and Alipta Moscata and sometimes the powders of strengthening electuaries to one dram And sometimes a Fumigation or Suffiment is made only of Tobacco cast on coals or else of the smoke taken by a pipe or tunnel it purgeth the head and brain wonderfully from cholerick and phlegmatick excrements 2. Else in the form of Troschischs see before The VSE and FORM of the Powder â„ž c. Make a powder of which cast c. on bright coals and if it be for the head receive the smoke at the mouth or else smoke the headclothes with it if it be for the diseases of other parts springing from thence as the Phthisis c. if it be for the breast receive it with open mouth if it be for the Womb and other cavities receive the smoke by a tunnel as also thorow a hollow stool if it be for paines of the joynts fume wel
cotton c. and apply it But of the Troschischs ℞ c. Make Troschischs see before The VTILITY is as is said either to strengthen or alter diversly usually to dry the brain and consume Catarrhs strengthen for Phlegm contained in the breast in divers affections to dry the ulcers of the lungs of Tobacco Coltsfoot Brimstone c. to provoke or stop the courses of fit things as also to stay the Fluxes of the belly as the dysentery against fits of the mother of ill-scented things to the superior and sweet scented things to the inferior parts to dry and strengthen the womb and help conception for Ulcers of the ears nose mouth lungs womb c. for the French Pox of Cinnaber as is usual whose fume received in a close place cures that filthy disease by a spetting Flux and all affections depending thereon as Ulcers pains And t is usually made in the form of a powder or Troschisch as ℞ Cinnaber one ounce and a half Gum balf an ounce four dram of a strengthening powder two drams three drams make a powder or else with turpentine make Troschischs The MOYST Suffiment is otherwise properly called a vapor and is made of a liquor fit for the purpose sending forth a vapor by the help of boyling it T is COMPOSED 1. Either of a simple liquor as vinegar wine Aqua vitae or Rose water c. Note that sometimes red hot flints are quenched in the vinegar for the discussing of hard Oedematous swellings as also red hot tyles to be quenched in vinegar and the vapor received as is usual in the time of the pestilence 2. Or of the decoction of fit simples to be prescribed in the quantity of the fomentation or according to the ampleness of the part Therefore in affections of the ears a third part of that will suffice The VSE and FORM ℞ c. make a decoction whose vapor let them receive in affections of the womb and others also thorow a hollow stool and a leaden Pipe or Tunnel see the Insession in affections of the ears by a Pipe or Tunnel which they vulgarly call an EMBOIE The UTILITY is great especially in affections of the Womb in staying or provoking the courses of mollifiers and attenuators in the dysentery of binders in divers affections of the Anus or Fundament in stopping and easing the Hemorrhoids they are also prescribed for affections of the ears and eyes In general they may be used to dry binde relax mollifie discuss open c. CHAP. X. Of Odoraments or Perfumes THey are prescribed partly for delight partly for health but chiefly to alter the brain refresh the animal spirits to put away ill sents and infectious ayre for the increasing the vigour and spirits of the heart also the sent of them being attracted with the breath into the Lungs and thence to the heart They are made of sweet smelling things and are either dry or moist Dry Perfumes These are Compounded 1 In the forme of a powder see the suffiments but the quantity of this is to be limited according to the manner of using it if it be for the greater baggs 't is best to use the Violet or Cipreos powder but for the lesser sort two or three ounces wil serve yet so that the quantity of the gums be diminished see above which in a box bored ful of holes or otherwise you may hold to the nose in a little knot or bagg of silk 2. Or in the form of a Pomander of the powder aforesaid in Suffiment for pleasure to one ounce an ounce and a half or two ounces adding Musk Ambergreese Civet to grains 6. half a scruple or a scruple as you please And 't is made up either with Gum tragant dissolved in Rose water so make two Pomanders to be carried in the hands or which is better let them be incorporated with Ladanum dissolved so make a Pomander which anoint with some sweet oyl Note also that t is better for your Musk Ambergreese Civet not to go into the Composition but to wipe the outside of it over with them dissolved as also with oyl of Cinnamom Cloves c. alone or mixt and to renew them often 3. Or in the form of Globulets or beads made of the same masse as the powders are but the proportion of it must be according to the quantity you intend to make to which the Apothecaries to increase the quantity of them add willow charcole finely powdered 4. Or in the form of a perfumed sope for the washing of the hands and head of Venice sope or other white sope to 4 ounces sweet powder six drams and if you wil Musk or Ambergreece gr 3 4 c. with a sufficient quantity of Rose water incorporate and make bals great or little The VSE let the sent of them be often snuffed up but the scope is onely to cleanse the hands and head from filthiness c. The VTILITY is expressed at first Moist Perfumes They are Compounded 1. in the form of sweet water and this is either simple as Orange-flower water to 3 ounces of which you may add of Musk or Ambergreese gr 2 or 3 The Compound is made of Odoriferous things liquid as Rose-water Orange-flower water c. 4 ounces Cinnamon water one ounce and dry things as of sweet powders to 2 3 or 4 drams and if you wil some few grains of Musk and Ambergreese 2. Or in the Form of a Liniment which now adayes they cal sweet balsam of white wax often washed and melted one ounce of some convenient chymical oyls one dram and if you wil Musk Civet Ambergreese some few grains or more coursly of half an ounce of sweet powder wax 3 drams oyl of Ben or of sweet Almonds q. s so maken Liniment adding Musk Ambergreese c. to some few grains The VSE of the water is to wash the hands beard and hair of the head chiefly The use of the Balsam and its utility is the same as that of the dry perfume the hand also may be lightly smeared and the inside of the nostrils to avoid stenches to comfort the brain and heart and the spirits of both CHAP. XI Of the Scute IT is in general a topical Medicine for the stomack made in the form of a Scutcheon which seeing it is usually made both of plaisters and baggs custome hath so far prevailed the strengthening bagg is often used for the Scute 'T is COMPOVNDED therefore 1. in the form of a bagg of the powders of heating stomachical stomachical things observing these rules in every thing that are set down for your Quilt Caps from whose Form it onely differs in the use so that 〈◊〉 the proportion of the powder be also two ounces 2. Or in the form of a Plaister of the mass of some stomachical plaister as Empl. de Mastiche 2 ounces and of some stomachical powder to half an ounce to which also are sometimes added wel sented gums to 2 drams and are all made up with
Pessary is others will have it signifie a node or pencil 't is invented for Virgins sake who for shame or modesty refuse a Pessary or for Women who cannot admit them as when they have Vlcers Whatsoever is the reason they are COMPOVNDED in the manner of a Node or Pencil and are very soft of fine locks of cotton or wool moistened either with some fit juyce or oyntment or other things aforesaid the quantity of which is scarce limited generally a flock of VVool is prescribed to be imbued with q. s of such a thing Such are made for fits of the Mother a flock of cotton being sleightly rubbed with Givet or Musk dissolved in nard oyl as above The VSE is as of Pessaries The VTILITT in Virgins is the same as of the other in VVomen they are made for Ulcers in the neck of the womb and paines of it CHAP. XIII Of a Suppository T Is a topical Medicine used to the fundament or anus three or four inches in length slender and round like a smal candle of old in the form of an acorn from whence they were called of the Greeks Balanoi at this day t is commonly called a Suppository chiefly to move the belly to stool and for some other afsections And 't is either simple or compound The Simple This is made either of the stalk or root of Beets Colewort or Marshmallows the outward rind peeled of to which is added sometimes salt to augment the provocative virtue rubbed on the outside so smoothed over with oyl they are put up also of the stalk of a Leek anointed with butter or white sope sharpned like a suppository also honey alone boyled to a hard consistence for so it becomes more sharp The Compound This is made of Honey as the basis boyled til it wil not stick to the fingers then adding powders to it neer this proportion as to one ounce you may add one dram or 4 scruples of powder at the most according as the powder is lighter in weight or stronger in operation which quantity wil serve for two or three suppositories But the Honey is boyled by it self or with fit juyces to irritate or for other purposes of which let there be an ounce or an ounce and a half The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make suppositories one of which let be put up first being anointed with oyl or butter when need requires so that if they be purgative once or twice a day wil suffice if onely to alter they may be used oftener if they consist of Narcoticks for paines let them not stay too long lest they induce a Palsie and therefore thy use to be fastened to a thread that they may be drawn forth at pleasure neither ought they often to be used The UTILITY in general is two-fold either to provoke the expulsive Faculty to stool oâ— else for the proper affections of the Anus and streight gut The Belly is to be moved with a suppository either when the age of the Patient wil not receive a clyster as in sucking children or in humorous people whose custom and waywardness wil not admit of one as usually in Virgins also when clysters put up work not as in the cholick is seen or when purging Medicines taken down do not move as they should or when the dung staies in the belly only for want of irritating or when it is so hardened in the streight gut that you cannot put up a clyster And lastly when the expulsive Faculty is unmindful of his office and sluggish Also to revel or withdraw when humours tend wholly up to the head and midrise or otherwise when for revulsion sake they are to be drawn down or purged forth as generally in cold and sleepy affections of the head in which the expulsive faculty benummed is by this means excited or also when Clysters offend the sick c. And bsides this scope of purging they are made for the proper affections of anus and streight gut of honey as the basis and other matter serving to the intention after the manner aforesaid so to open the hemorrhoids with sharp things to stop them with other fit things also for Tenesmus Ascarides Ulcers the Relaxation and Palsie of the Sphincter and pains with appropriated powders mixed with honey in the aforesaid proportion And mark that concerning the matter of laxative Suppositories some are gentler as the simples afore recited for infants others stronger which consist of Salt Mouse-dung purging powders simple as Aloes Agarick Senna or compound as usually Hiera Piera and also other strong things the use of which is chiefly in the sleepy affections as Sal Gem Sal Ammoniack Salt Peeter and Purgers simple as Coloquintis or compound as Hiera diacoloquintida to half a scruple or one scruple also if for pains opium be admitted t is to be done warily for fear of a Palsie and you should scarce ascend to half a scruple CHAP. XIV Of a Clister IT signifies a washing from the Greek word Elyzo and in Greek is called Clyster and from its being injected Enema from Eniemi to inject in general it signifies any Lotion or Injection into any part but particularly that which is injected by the fundament And this may be accounted threefold purging altering and strengthening A Purging Clister Is COMPOVNDED of a fit liquor in which together with honey sugar and oyl are dissolved divers purgers and therefore so many things are to be considered in the composition but chiefly two the liquor of which t is made and the things to be dissolved in it The Liquor as to its quality is either the common decoction for Clisters usual in the shops or a Magisterial decoction prescribed according to the urgent occasion and intention of the Physitian of convenient things and is either Altering or Purging The Altering which is most usual is composed of fit mollifying things heating or cooling according to the intention of roots leaves seeds fruits flowers neer this proportion as of roots two or three ounces leaves four handfuls seeds six drams or one oune or an ounce and a half at most fruits pa. eight flowers pugil three If you would make it purgative you may do it by adding for phlegme of Carthamus seed bruised 6 drams or one ounce Agarick tied up like a node in a ragg 3 drams Elect-Turbith 2 drams for Melancholy 1 ounce or 6 drams of Senna Polipody an ounce which is very rare all which are to be added after the roots and are prescribed to be boyled after the seeds also all these are boyled in a convenient liquor or in water only But this is rare to boyl in purgers because purgers are afterwards dissolved in it which wil be sufficient As to the quantity of the Liquor it varies according to the age of the party very much for 3 ounces wil serve for a child of 4 or 5 moneths old if one bigger 5 or 6 drams for people of ripe age usually lib. 1. for great men lib. one and a half But
the grasse benerth The Election That is to be chosen that is white new not more then a year old for that which is red or brown is too old round whose grains being broken are not spnngy nor ash'coloured but solid and white The Qualities According to Avicen and Mesue 't is temperate to Averrhoes 't is hot and moist it opens mollifiers smooths gently moves the belly draws forth choler and purgeth watrish humors chiefly dedicated to the wind-pipe and breast hence it is profitably used in hectical Fevers and to quench thirst 't is lesse useful in burning Fevers for its sweetness for which reason it easily turneth into choler 't is safely given both to Women with child and children The Correctors Because it is flatulent 't is corrected with a little Cinnamon Ginger or Aniseed and because 't is slow of operation 't is usually quickened with syrup of Roses solutive or some gently purging decoction some add two three or four grains of Diagridium The Dose Is from an ounce to two or three ounces but commonly to an ounce and a half and to children one ounce Mesues appoints from six drams to fifteen but perhaps he meant the best sort of Masticine Manna The form of giving it 'T is given iâ— the form of a potion dissolved in the broth of a Chicken in which 't is scarcely perceived or in VVhey or in some decoction or in a convenient water In the Cholick with oyl of sweet Almonds to which a little Malmsey should be added sometimes t is prescribed to be eaten down TAMARINDS The Kind T Is a fruit of a certain kind of Indian tree which the Arabians have referred to the kind of dates as if it were the fruit of a wild Datetree because t is called the Indian date for Tamar in their language signifies Date But they have not properly called this fruit Dates as if the tree were of the kinds of Dates or like a Date tree but more respecting the similitude of the fruit which also contain little stones in them as Dates do then which they had found no fitter name but the pulp of this Fruit onely is in use the stones being to be cast away The Election Those Tamarinds are the best that are fat and pulpy brown sharp and soft from whence they were called Oxyphaenica The Qualities They are cold and dry in the second degree as Mesues writes and that to the height as Brassavolus and as Avicen saith in the third they mitigate humours too much burnt especially choler they move the belly and purge choler therefore are profitably used in vomitings to quench thirst in madness and for those that are obstructed hydropical sick of the Jaundies and Spleen-sick they also prevent all exulcerations of the skin hapning through too much torrifying of the blood as the Scabs Leprosie Frâ—ckles and Ring-worms The Correction They hurt by their coldness a cold stomack and are of slow operation and are therefore corrected with Mace Mastick Cinnamon and Spiâ—enard and are quickened with whey of Goats milk Juice of Fumitory or Hops Manna or Cassia The Dose Is from one ounce to two and three ounces which varies according to the manner of giving them The manner of giving them They are given either in the form of a bole or potion if in the form of a bole then the masse of them is first to be washed with a pestle after driven through a hair sieve placed over steeming hot water and afterwards adding correctors to the proportion as is said in the Cassia with Sugar make a bole But for the most part Tamarinds are not given alone but to half an ounce of the pulp of Tamarinds is added one ounce of Cassia then adding Correctors as is said in Cassia make a bole the form of a potion is used either in an infusion or a decoction The infusion is made thus they are steeped in Endive water three hours afterwards make an expression and give the strained Liquor with Sugar The decoction is made thus â„ž of Tamarinds one ounce boyl in it ten ounces of VVhey or some other broth altered with Hops or Fumitory til two ounces be wasted strain them thorow a thick cloth take of the strained Liquor two five or six ounces with Sugar make a potion The Dose of the decoction and infusion is the same viz. from â„¥ ii to â„¥ v. or â„¥ vi JUYCE of ROSES Roses used in the Shops are white red damask either common or musked The Kind This is the juyce drawne forth of the damask Roses or else from the musked white ones not the common ones wherewith rose Gardens abound but either of the damask or musked Election The juyce of the musked Roses and damask Roses is to be preferred before the juyce of other pale Roses and the juyce of Roses full blowne is better then that of the buds The Qualities This juyce is hot and dry in the first degree though Roses themselves be cold in the first and dry in the second degree the reason according to Mesues is because the juyce is here separated from the earthy and cold substance It discusseth cleanseth opens purgeth choler and yellow watrish humors and moves the courses gently therefore not to be given to women with child 'T is good for the liver and heart and is used in obstructions of the liver and pantings of the heart as also in cholerick Feavers for it purgeth humours that cause these diseases it strengthens the bowels by purging them and there is no malignity in it The Dose and manner of giving it 'T is given from â„¥ i. to â„¥ ii with sugred water or according to Mesues with whey or honey giving â„¥ i. of the juyce of Roses with â„¥ ii or â„¥ iii. of whey but now with us is prepared an infusion of damask Roses and of that is made syrup of Roses solutive simple called Muchard and compound also honey of Roses solutive and out of the juyce is prepared Electuary of the juyce of Roses but this is of red Roses RUBARB The Kind 'T is called Rubarb by an Antonomasia figuratively and is a famous root of a barbarous people in the East Indies or of some Province of Barbary called the Trogloditick but very ill so esteemed For as Garcias ab horte Lib. 1. c. 37. and Linscot Par. 4. Ind. Orient Cap. 29. there is no Rubarb in India but onely in China where it growes from whence it is carried to Ormur through Tartary and thence into India and againe by the Westerne Tartars into Turkey and so to Venice from whence the other Kingdomes of Europe are stored with it This Root was unknown to Galen and Dioscorides and therefore diverse think amisse that this is the Rhapontick of Dioscorides and Galen and so confound that with our Rubarb For the Rheum of Dioscorides hath no purging quality and besides wants the markes of the true Rubarb for Rubarb is in substance compact weighty and brittle bitter in tast and sharp in smell of a
Of Almond Milk THis differs not much in colour and taste from an Emulsion only 't is usually thicker than it This is two-fold one more liquid being a milky substance drawn out of Almonds like the Emulsion as aforesaid another thicker made thick with boyling of which at present And this is a restorative Medicine somewhat thinner of substance than syrup much like Milk hence 't is called Almond Cream Almond milk drawn and sweetned with Sugar prepared both to alter and nourish CHAP. IX Of Barly Cream THat which we from the matter it is made of call Barly cream the Antients from the manner of preparing called Ptisan which was a meat made of barly huld and baked for the Greek word signifies to hull and bark and water usually we cal this barly cream but our ptisan is a drink And though it be seldom prescribed yet 't is COMPOUNDED either after the grosser manner of barly cleansed and boyled which is given together with the broth adding sugar as you list but this is only convenient for sound people Or else that which is truly barly cream of huld barley two ounces let it boyle in fair water over a gentle fire then cast away the water and boyl it is a new water four or five houres with a gentle fire then pulp the barly thorow a strainer sweeten it with one ounce or ounce and a half or two ounces of sugar and after let them be a little boyled The VSE anciently it was wont to be the meat of feverish people but now a dayes 't is given for the most part neer sleeping time and then if they are troubled with over-watching there is added to it little of the emulsion prepared with white poppy seeds The UTILITY of it is much in fevers in which it is an alimentory medicine cooling cleansing nourishing much breeding good juyce it moystens and is best for affections of the breast hecticks CHAP. X. Of Milk and the whey of Milk MIlk also happens to be prescribed but chiefly in the phthyfick and disentery and that with some caution both in the sort of milk and also in the dose and manner of giving it Asses milk is chiefly commended in the hectick because it restores radical moysture and is of good juice Cows milk is the fattest and fullest of butter sheeps milk is fullest of cheese Goats milk moderate between all best for persons extenuated As to the USE DOSE and manner of PRESCRIBING 't is this â„ž of Asses milk when you would cool cleanse but Goats milk when you would nourish four ounces of sugar or honey left it corrupt or grow sowr in the stomack one ounce and this for the first dose for the second dose increasing one ounce to five ounces so proceeding til you come to ten ounces or twelve ounces and then decreasing again by the same degrees til you are returned to the same quantity let it be taken 4 hours before meat neither sleeping nor moving the body violenly after the taking of it But the use of milk is never to be begun til the body be very wel cleansed The UTILITY 't is chiefly prescribed for those that are hectical for it fattens restores in the use of it we must have a care that the body be not impure for in a cold stomack it sowres in a hot it turns to a nidorousness from whence comes Head-ach it is not therefore profitable for them that are Feverish or have their short rib-region puft up but 't is very commodious in the dysentery both to lenifie and also cleanse and heal the Ulcer especially if it be chalibeated and you give a good quantity of it morning and evening with one scruple of Terra sigillata four hours before any meat The WHEY OF MILK is not nourishing but medicinal and evacuates both serous and adust humors if it be liberally taken it cools and is good in those that are Feverish and in the heat of the Liver and Reins in summer time but most profitable in Melancholy and affections proceeding from it as the Leprosie Scabbiness c. especially if Fumitory be steeped in it This is the USE and manner of PRESCRIBING â„ž VVhey of Milk let it be strained boyled both because it is windy as also that any thing of curdiness in it may be separated and settled then steep in two pound of it for one night one handful of Fumitory of Succory m. ss when 't is strained add to it an ounce or an ounce and half of Sugar but the second day two ounces are to be added more so every day increasing til you come to three pound afterwards on the contrary decreasing til you come to one pound Otherwise let one pound serve every day for a moneth together steeping in it the same quantity of Fumitory adding to it when 't is strained one ounce of Sugar and in Melancholy people as much of the Cider or juice of pippins Otherwise 't is used for fevers and heats to eight ounces with sorrel steeped in it and that in the morning four hours before meat that they more hang in it tyed in a ragg 2 drams or more of yest or Leven and add to it half a dram or two scruples of spices to every pound and so according to the quantity of Hony The USE and UTILITY it is prescribed for the ordinary drink in cold affections and especially the phlegmatick and where the abstaining from VVine is advantagious or where the use of it is hurtful as in the Palsey or when we desire effectual virtues powerful both to alter cold humors and strengthen the natural heat it also wonderfully preserves from putrefaction But as it is convenient for them that are of cold complexion and for old men so is it hurtful for those that are feverish cholerick or hot of temper because it soon turns into choler and grows bitter as we may finde in boyling it over-much or by keeping it too long therefore Hippocrates forbiâ—s it to them that are very cholerick or that have great spleens in which it is too suddenly drawn into the body from hence it is that it is the cause of crudities and incredible windiness of the intrals it is also according to Hippocrates diuretica wonderfully cleansing and driving forth sand 〈◊〉 or gravel The Winish performs this more sorcibly and like Malmsey powerfully concocts cold humours expectorates â—â—enâ—thens the stomack and concoction discusseth windiness concocts crudities as also doth the commoner sort according to Galen it wonderfully loosens humors in the breast and is good for them that be asthmatick The Medicinal Mead is easily prepared of the simple by boyling dryed simples in it respecting the part to which it is destined and of those such as are most pleasant let them be boyled after it is clear scum'd let them be for example four handfuls of Herbs boyl them and strain the LIquor from them in which infuse for two or three hours half an ounce or six drams of spices
The Vtility is great and the virtue of it specifical besides what is afore-said in taking away diseases especially cold ones and those of long continuance as the Palsey c. CHAP. XII Of Sugred Water and Barly Water SUGRED WATER is a more sweet and pleasing drink than Mead and is almost as effectual in those in whom we abstain from the use of Mead for fear of heat and is chiefly convenient for them that are abstemious It is made of Fountain water clarified at the fire 12 parts and sugar one part more or less to your palate You may aromatize it with Cinnamom or in fevers with Saunders to 3 drams or half an ounce so let them use it for their ordinary drink PTISAN was a meat of the Antients which we now call barly Cream Our ptisan is a drink fit broth for the healthy and Feverish and when heat is either present or imminent and where Wine is forbidden And this is made divers wayes according to the desire of them that take it Either it is made simply of whole Barley and fountain-water to one part of Barly ten fifteen or which is better twenty parts of water as 't is generally made in the shops which is to be boyled to the consumption of five parts and til the barly swel much Nicholaus therefore directs ill to boyl it to the consumption of fifteen parts unless it be for meat and such like is vulgarly ealled in the shops Barley water and decoction of Barley Or else Liquorice Raisins of the Sun the roots of Grass or Sorrel and other things according to the palate of him that takes it are boyled in it though in smal quantity but 't is seldom now a dayes prescribed by the Physitian The UTILITY it moistens cools cleanses yeilds little nourishment but such as is fit for cholerick and sanguine people and for them that are in fevers or have hot affections of the Liver Stomack or Reins Note that Barly water or that which we now cal Ptisan consists of whole barly one part of water twenty parts boyled til the barly swel and the cream of Barly til it be bursted but that which we cal Barly cleansed and boyled is boyled til it go into a pulp represents the Ptisan of the Antients and if it be pulped thorow a hair strainer 't is called the juyce of Barly CHAP. XIII Of Dyet-drink BY this name of Diet we do not so much understand the regulating of the six things not natural as divers decoctions made of usual sweating Medicines through the whole use of which because an exact and accurate way of living temperately is to be observed from hence it is that these have been absolutely called by the name of Diet. But that which we understand by the name Diet is a decoction of one of the usual sudorifical Medicines or more made in a fit Liquor prepared either to alter simply or evacuate insensibly by transpiration or sensibly by sweat Therefore a Diet-drink is to be accounted two-fold altering and evacuating The altering Diet-drink ALthough these four usual sweating Medicines seem to be destined only for provoking sweat yet are they often prescribed with very good success in divers affections without sweating hence it is that I cal it an altering Diet-drink In this three things are to be considered the Composition the Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION three things also the matter of which 't is made the Liquor and the things to be dissolved in it The MATTER in relation to its quality is two-fold 1. Some of the common Sudorificks as Guaiacum China Sassafras and Salsaparilla 2. Divers alterers as roots leaves seeds flowers c. respecting the affection the humor offending and part affected But in special that matter is chosen diversly according to the variety of the parts in which the affections that are to be removed are inherent For in altering and removing powerfully phlegmatick and inveterate affections we usually take Guaiacum China or Salsaparilla either alone or mixed together with fit alterers as aforesaid But in affections of the breast as the stuffing Ulcer and putrefaction of the Lunâ—s in which now a dayes such an altering diet is usually prescribed and is every where called the pectoral decoction we chuse either China alone or else there is sometimes added to it Salsaparilla or Sassafras together with alterers appropriated to the breast So that from what is said before an altering Diet drink may be reckoned two-fold 1. Not pectoral insensibly consuming the phlegmatick affections of divers parts 2. Pectorel viz. a decoction of China sometimes Salâ—apâ—rilla being added prepared of pectoral seeds and fruits such is only now a dayes prescribed As to the quantity those sudorificks in a diet-drink not pectoral are prescribed either alone or mixed to six ounces more or less according as the time age and region shal further require but alterers as Roots Leaves Seeds Flowers either all or some of them are to be added to half the quantity they are appointed for the Apozem aforesaid But in a pectoral Diet-drink whose basis is China this if alone is added to one ounce if other things aforesaid be joyned to it then to two drams or three drams of these they usually take six drams of China Of alterers pectoral fruits are added to an ounce and a half or two ounces pectoral seeds to an ounce or an ounce and a half and if as sometimes in the Phthysis the flesh of Craw-fish or tortoises be added 't is to an ounce or two ounces The LIQUOR in relation to its quality in an altering Diet drink not pectoral is common water or some other fit liquor as before in the Apozem chiefly Mead because these sorts of decoctions for the most part respect cold affections and humors In a pectoral Diet-drink also either common water or decoction of Barly is taken but with this proviso that the China be infused in this Liquor for some hours then let it be put up together with the pectoral fruits and seeds in the belly of a chick or hen then let them boyl in the aforesaid Liquor til all be boyled to pieces As to its quantity take 10 or 12 pints or q. s as is required to boyl it throughly Things to be dissolved as to their quality in a diet-drink not pectoral are sometimes syrup or sugar and are prescribed to be dissolved together with the aromaticks as in an altering Apozem In a pectoral drink sugar of Roses is generally prescribed yet it may be also some fit syrup As to their quantity they are dissolved to an ounce or an ounce and a half in every dose The USE in it mark three things the manner the quantity and the time The decoction not pectoral as to the manner indrinking is to be taken without sweating As to the united quantity or dose it is to be taken to four ounces or six ounces as to the divided quantity it is to be used ten or fifteen dayes As to the time this