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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

contused wounds made by Gunshot and yet Over drying medicines dangerous you are to consider that as too much gleeting weeping or experience of humidity from wounds of gunshot is dangerous many wayes so too much use of drying medicaments in wounds made with Gunshot is no lesse dangerous by stopping the pores and repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contused blood collected being choaked in the wound aptly indangering a Gangrena and other deadly accidents incident thereunto Advise touching the general regiment of wounded men Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician how the young Surgion may in part demean himselfe being put to it for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gunshot which are very much regulated by the government of the Patient touching his dyet as also in the careful keeping his body in temper from much Dyet costivenesse and also to stay in ordinate fluxes thereby to prevent accidents as Feavers c. And further also to meet with an help to cure evill accidents when they happen to the effecting whereof good dyet and other fitting helps are to be wished might attend valiant men which fight for their countries honour and defence which failing much with brave Souldiers and valiant Sea-men at Campe and Ship there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeons chest affordeth viz. If the patient before his wound had not a loose body let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glyster and if he seem disposed to a fever though he hath bled by his wound yet if his strength be answerable open a veine on the contrary side of Supposi●ory or Glyster his griefe but purge him not being wounded without very just cause rather keepe him by gentle meanes to have the benefit of nature either by Glyster or Suppository if once in two dayes hee have not a stoole and further if he be distempered with heat make him a Fresh water oft wanting at Sea Barly-water viz. Water two gallons Barly 6. ounces Liquorish one ounce or juice of Liquorish two dram's boyl it gently a little then cast away the first waters if water be plentiful else not and boyl it in fresh water till one third part be spent and being boyled and clarified to the said decoction add some few drops of oyl Vitriol to make it some what sower in tast but not too much but if to this 6. graines of Confectio Alkermes with one spoonful of Rose-water were added the drinke would be much the more grateful in tast and more profitable I conceive it will be needlesse to urge a course for a sparing dyet for Souldiers or Sea-men at Sea for I feare gluttony will not be their sinne But if fulnesse of body be a hindrance the Surgeon hath meanes to evacuate as for a vomit by Stibium the infusion of 4 graines if such a medicine be thought fitting as in able bodyes may be borne or by laxatives as Confectio Hamech six drams for a dose Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce Pills The Pills in the Invoyce in this Surgeons chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any sort of them Also of Pulvis Sanctus may be giuen two drams or Pulvis Arthriti●ns one dram and if Cordials be required the Surgeon hath in his chest to provoke rest iu Feavers several ones as more particular there is Diascordium which he may give to the ful of two drams for a dose to a strong body either in wine or water as he please or in a Bolus or lump of it self Vse of Laudanum Also he hath Laudanum which he may give safely 3. or 4. graines to asswage pain in painful wounds to give rest in Feavers to stay fluxes and in divers other cases being used with judgment and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive Likewise in fluxes of the belly accompanied with crude nauseousnesse of the stomach as also against venemous or pestilential infection of the blood there is in the chest Phylonium Persicum of which the Patient may take from one scruple to halfe a dram and to one dram safely in a reasonable body and this is a safe medicine which causeth rest and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly and doth also correct venemous and maligne humors and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestilential after some fitting evacuation if occasion be What I here write it is of mine owne practice you may take it on my word for truth for you shall find it to be so if with due caution you make use of them These three Cordials as is said asswage pain viz. Diascordium Laudanum and Phylonium or either of them also they serve well to coole or contemperate the blood Cordials to swage pain Of Cordials in general The Surgeons chest containeth also divers other Cordial medicines which may be profitably administred each upon due occasion viz. Confectio Alkermes either given alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. graines to a scruple for a dose Aqua Caelestis and Cinamon water to refresh the spirits halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose and so of Spirit of wine and also Aqua vitae made of wine which so much as containeth of the spirit of wine is quasi spiritus vitae Also the Surgeons chest hath against contagion and the Plague Mithridate Ther. Londinens Diatessar Elect. de Ovo as also Diascord Aurum vitae and Laudanum mentioned all these being proper for pestilential occasions the uses and vertues of which I desire to touch though but in a word And for example if the Surgeon desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest it is made either of L●udanum to three graines or to 4 grains as it is said or Diascordium 2 drams or Phylonium to one dram mentioned And note that Laudanum is best to be taken in a Pill because No●e of his ungrateful tast and Phylonium in a Bolus or lump for the like reason and so also may Diascod be used well and especially in warre where neither the advice of the learned Physitian nor the helpe of the expert Apothecary is at hand but if the Surgeon be occasioned and that he would have Diascor to be given in a potion then let him take of Diascor 1 dram of white wine or fair water 3 ounces or foure of Sirrup of Violets halfe an ounce Confect Alkermes eight graines Oleum Vitrioli gutt quatuor and let the Patient drinke that potion and incline himselfe to rest Cordials comfortive And if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required then the aforesaid Cinamon water Aqua caelestis or Aqua vitae of wine is at hand without mixture or addition or with some addition halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose

the party be not strong except it be in case of a Pleurisie or some like urgent cause I take lesse For in that work except my reason give me good satisfaction to do the contrary I will rather offeud in too little then in too much Too little rather then too much blood is to be taken away taking of blood away for I have seen much hurt to have ensued by great quantity of blood taken away at one time 7. or 8. ounces I hold a strong body may bear to lose having good nourishment to recover it again and that without harm but if you grow to ten ounces you may many wayes do harm in the body except your warrant be good I speak not this to discourage young Surgeons from a work so behovefull but admonish them to warinesse in a point so dangerous Of the Dyet Pot. The use THe Dyet Pot is not alone to be used in cases of dyet drink seething for the pox and not otherwise for as a learned Doctor upon occasion lately reasoned there is difference betwixt the Dyet and a Dyet though in both kinds there is even Quot homines tot sententiae so many men so many minds Wherefore concerning descriptions of several Dyet drinks for the pox I will refer the Surgeons Mate to other Authors for in truth I must defer that point till fitter oppertunity I mean till I write touching the cure of that disease And yet methinks to speak somewhat A docoction for the Calenture of a drink is the case of the Calenture or any other unnatural hot fever to be made at Sea to qualifie the heat of the blood were not amisse which may be done as followeth ℞ French barley ℥ iiij Fresh water 2. gallons Licorice ℥ i. Cloves n o. 12. In want of Licorice tak juice of Licorice half an ounce In want of french barley take other barley or for a need wheat flower boyle this gently to 4. or 5. quarts then clear it and if it may be keep it not in How to keep it The composition of this drink if the heat be over great causeth head-ach The colour and taste of the drink is to be observed the brasse pot but in some earthen or glasse vessel and if the party his heat be great and have pain in his head add thereto so many drops of oyl or spirit of Vitriol as will a little change the tast and make it sowerish but not too tart in any wise and if into all his drink you put of Rose-water of wine-vinegar or Rose vinegar and Cinamon-water of each onely one spoonful if you have it it will do well to mend the tast if not the matter is not great let the Patient drink often hereof Further you The drink composed for a Laske may if you think good add surrupe or juice of Limons ʒ 4. If it be for one which is loose in his belly you may infuse of your succus Acatiae herein some 2. or 3. ʒ and being cleared let him drink of the drink plentifully as he hath thirst but you must cut your Acatiae first and dissolve it in a little of the drink warmed and so put it into the rest Also in want of Acatia if you put therein Galls in powder a little it will do well Of other necessaries THe next instruments in order to be remembred are these following viz. Skillet Chafing dish Glister pot Funnel Cups to give potions in One Board knife to spread plasters Morter and pe●tel Weights and Scales Sives Searces Strayners Splents Junks Tape Towe Spunges Clouts Rowlers Gray paper White paper Empty pots and glasses Thred and Needles Wax Candles Lanthorne Tinder box furnished Inke and quills One close-stoole One bed pan One brasse paile 20 Well burned bricks Pipkins Empty baggs I shall not need to spend much time to set down the uses of all these necessary implements only two or three of the most needful to be noted I will remember and then to the uses of the medicines within the Chest Of Weight and Scales VVEights and Scales are necessary things often times lightly regarded and yet how many mens lives hang in the ballance it is plain enough For Sea-Surgeons familiarly give Stibium by the grain The use is divers namely from 4. to 8. grains yea and to 12. grains by your leave when in truth few of them have waights and Scales which can weigh one grain A great fault in weights and scales It is a dangerous thing for a Surgeon at Sea to be unprovided of neat weights and Scales which will turn with half a grain for how can they give either Laudanum Paracelsi Stibium or other Chimical medicines safely or almost any medicine inward without small weights and Scales Wherefore two pair of weights and Scales are very needful for the Surgeons Chest namely one for ounces and another for grains for larger Scales the ship is furnished It is also to be understood here for instruction of children in Art that xvi ounces make a A direction i● weights pound each ounce 8. drams each dram 3. scruples each scruple 20. grains for the grain a full barley corne will well serve or a good wheat corne though a large wheat corne be somewhat too big an ordinary pepper corn will also serve for a grain Of the Close-stoole with the Paile of Brasse and the Bricks ALthough I know before hand that I am to undergo many witty and Eloquent flouts from young gallants of my own profession for mentioning so base an instrument to belong to the Surgeons charge as this last mentioned Close-stoole with his appurtenances yet let them Mean things sometimes are of great moment know that neither can my book blush neither shall my self I hope have cause for I nothing doubt to yeeld each honest young Artist a sufficient reason for to satisfie him herein and in a word my reason for appointing to each ship bound for the East-Indies at the least one of these is because the bloody or other flixes are so dangerous diseases and so deadly amongst our men that I hold it my duty to advise even the good None worthy to be reputed ●rtists who disdain the meanest office of their profession use of a Close-stoole and I have caused the stoole to have one door on the one side that thereby either things to foment fumigate or otherwise to comfort the weak part might be the better applied the Patient sitting at his ease thereon The use of the Close-stool The need of it is great Also one especial reason why I have appointed it is that a poor weak man in his extremities should not continually go to the shrouds or beak-head to ease himself nor by noysome to his fellowes but might by the help of his Mate through this mean instrument find comfort in his most pitiful distresse whose miseries I heartily compassionate Wherefore I admonish the Surgeons Mate in general in the fear of God

If against the malignity of the blood or any pestilential contagion be feared then in such a case the Patient may take as followeth R. Diatessar two drams Mithrid one dram Elect. de ovo one scruple dissolve or mixe them together and take it in white wine claret or sack or in Carduus or fair water for need of any the aforesaid to the quantity of foure ounces and sweat thereupon and if the contagion be fierce the Patient may reiterate such sweating medicine each eight houres safely for three times or Aurum vitae gr 8 These or any of these other Cordials may be given in other waters and other mixtures according to the discretion of the Surgeon the time place and different occasion considered and for need the aforesaid Cordials or any of them may be taken in a Bolus or lumpe Likewise Mithridate or Audromaches Treacle a dram or two drams of either of them in white wine in Carduus water or in beere or water for a need may safely be taken for a Cordial or in a Bolus if the Patient like it so For tortions or gripings of the stomach or bowels Also Therica Diatessaro● three drams for a dose may be taken either as it is in a Bolus or lump to be swallowed down and even so taken it is an excellent Cordial to provoke sweat to remove tortions stitches or gripings of the stomach or lower belly or against any paines therein also it resisteth all putrefactions and pestilential vapors and is the most antient Treacle of all others my selfe have had very much true and good experience of it and would trust my life upon it though not before the two aforesaid Alexifarmiks and London Treacle in like manner is to be used and is a very good Cordiall Elect. de Ovo is also of it selfe a sure good Cordial a scruple I meane twenty graines thereof in a Bolus or lump or in wine given it resisteth pestilential venome and refresheth the spirits and either A Cordial alone or as a foresaid mixed with other Cordials Aurum vitae as also a true Cordial for it comforteth the heart provoketh sweat and by the pores of the skin expelleth poysonous vapors I have had good proof thereof upon my one body when I was strucken with the Plague Conser Rosarum is used to refresh and strengthen the stomach either alone or if you intend to coole and contemperate the blood A contemperative Cordial to purpose adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol to a little thereof and i● to warme the stomach mixe a little Methridate or Treacle one part and Conserve of Roses two parts and give it so in a Bolus Of cooling Juleps Conser Barberies may be profitably kept either to mixe with cooling Barley waters or Juleps to refresh the appetite and the feebled spirits in feavers or sometimes to give little of it in a Bolus or lumpe or to give a relish to the mouth to cause appetite in Feavers and to expel nauseous distempers There is also in the chest Oxymel simplex which I use in the Surgeons chest in want of sirrop Diamor as being nothing inferior thereunto for Lotions in the mouth and throat orderly used it ceaseth inflamations as also for the other vertues it hath exceded Diameron as namely in the swaging of tumours and paines this is a singular medicine and Cure of Hernia humeralis also in Hernia humeralis being tumours of the testicles and scrotum it excelleth them if it be mixt with a Cataplasme of Beane-meale boyled in beere with a little oyle of Elders or Roses and a little wax so that the whole quantity of the Cataplasme being by guesse two pound if so then put about six or seven or eight ounces of Oximel thereunto and boyl it to a body and it is an admirable good medicine for it discusseth and safely repelleth such tumours in their increase with the helpe of Phlebotomy and a vomit where the patient is strong which tumours by the patient his delaying of time or by ●rrour of the Surgeon will otherwise come to suppuration and prove fistulaes incurable but hee that will cure such tumours must have an artificial sacke-trusse and be sure that the griefe be truely and easily borne up at all times of the whole cure and Oximel inwardly administred purgeth the stomach and intrals openeth obstructions and yet without any manifest signe of heat and thereby helpeth much in feavers ingendred of grosse phlegme Of Lotions generally used in the Surgeons Chest the most common is of Sanative hearbs made in the Summer with water or wine or both and honey but at Sea if a laxative or washing lotion in need be Lotion at Sea for a need required faire water with as much Allum therein as will make it tart and so much honey as will give it a grateful tast and there is a lotion for a shift or if in the diseases of the Scurvy a lotion be required then use Copperas instead of Allum or sometimes Vnguent Egyptiacum which is a most fit medicine for Ulcers of the mouth or throat the grieved part being touched very hot therewith and being applied with a Probe armed with Lint And to wash and cool the mouth in feavers I often take fair water foure ounces of Rose water halfe a spoonefull a little sirrup of Violets or Mel for a need and a few drops of Wine Vinegar or Oximel or Oyle of Vitriol a few drops onely to make the Medicine tart I mean the Lotion I have bin taxed that my proportion hath not sufficient medicines contained therein for wounds of Gunshot but if any please to look into the particulars and well consider them he will find that the whole scope of the Surgeons Chest is of purpose contrived to that end and that there is not any one Medicine therein A true Idescription of a wound with Gun shot at the first view but upon the main or upon the by tendeth that way for a wound of Gunshot at the first view representeth a wound an ulcer a Fistula yea and sometimes a fracture and a dislocation and by accidents calleth unto it a feaver an Apostume a Gangren quid non yea without Gods Mercy joyned and the great care of the discreet Surgeon death followeth Judge then if ought be in the Surgeons Chest which in such a wound upon some occasion may not be found useful And for an instance the Chest containeth for the first intention curative of burnings with Gun-powder Vng. populeon Album triapharm●c Dipomphol Mel. Saponis Oleum Lini Cerusa Meldep●ra● being all directly fitting for the first intention namely for taking out of the fire and yet the Chest hath divers other helps as for an example a linament may be made of Minium Diacal●itheos and Oyles either of Linseed or Roses very profitable for that use And for all the rest as is said of wounds of Gun-shot so I say of Ulcers made by Gun-shot the whole scope of

all the Sanative Medicines in the Chest according to their several intentions and times sute fitly to finish the cures But say some others the proportions is very much wanting of restrictive or astringent Medicines to stay Fluxes or to amputate upon occasion wherefore to satisfie the young benevolent Surgeon desirous to be informed I answer first that there is Pulvis restringens M●gis a Astringent ●estringent or restrictive Medicine sufficient proportion also Bole Wine Venegar Mirrh Allum Crude Vitriol Vitriol combust Mercury Precipitate sublimate Bean and Barley Meal Gaules Pomgranate Rinds and whites of Egges Besides good Ligature and boulsters ready all which with Iudgement and discretion used I dare say are sufficient and for one instance namely that three pound of the strong restrictive powder is sufficient in quantity for a reasonable Sea-Chest Vpon the 24 of Iuly 1628 I tooke off two members being both legs whereof one above the knee with one ounce and a half of the powder to both and had a fourth part to spare of the made medicine There is also an astringent defensative powder prepared and made ready for use as hereafter followeth And if all what is said with also the help of Phlebotomy ligature actual and potential cauteries will not suffice then I am I confesse mistaken Common practice Note in burnings with Gun-powder that if the face or hand be burned I have found it best from the first to the last namely to the end of the cure to use Vng. Album either mixed with Populeon or with A note in the cure of burnings in the face Linseed Oyle or Vng. Diapomphol is fully as good made into a very thin linament and warme laid on the face with a feather and no clouts at all nor ought else to cover the face this healeth excoriation s or scorchings best or that the Surgeon take Ceruse grown'd in a mortar with linseed oyle and apply it as the former I have approved it to be very good Tripharmac is also very good so used I speak but now of honey for burnings and who shall prove it shall find it safe to take out the fire and after to heale the grief but is somwhat more paineful then some other medicines are it is onely once a day to be applied upon brown paper the paper being first rubbed soft and the Medicine spread thereon and in that manner applyed it healeth without any scarre very quickly Also Mel Saponis and all other medicines appropriate may be applyed upon paper at Sea partly for sparing Linnen Of the knowledg of weights and measures Moreover I find a great weaknesse in younger Surgeons that I have just occasion to question in that their Masters that bred them have not taught them thetrue knowledge of our usual weights and measures but chiefly they fail in their weights which doth bring great danger to their poor patients whose lives hang dangerously in the balance by a grain too much given where the Surgeon knoweth not how many graines are in a scruple or in a dram no nor scarce that there is a weight so called wherefore young Surgeons note as followeth The Physitians Surgeons and Apothecaries have two sorts of weights in use namely Troy-weights which likewise are the Gold-smiths weights and that containeth twelve ounces to the pound and Haber-de pois weights which containeth 16 ounces to the pound and is that common weight which the Grocers and all other trades-men use and indeed which we most use for though my selfe sometimes buy Musks Civet or Amber-greece and other forts of Drugs by Troy-weight yet I dispence and administer all by Haber-de pois which is 16 ounces to the pound so much I will onely for brevity sake speak thereof A pound of Haber-de pois weight hath 16 ounces an ounce hath 8 Drams a Dram hath three scruples a scruple hath twenty graines and by that accompt a dram hath two graines and a full grain of Barley is a reasonable Grain and a pepper Corn or wheat Corn may be used And our measures agreeing with our weights most usual are as followeth a wine Gallon of water containeth 8 pound a pottle 4 pound a quart 2 pound a pint 1 pound and of ordinary sallet oyles 7 pound and a half is accounted a Gallon Of Cataplasmes OF all other necessaries in the Surgeons Chest I confesse my deficiencie there in for I ought to have had dryed hearbes of all sorts fitting some store but I pray you accept of my excuse For at the Edition of this Ex temp●re I had Surgeons Chests and parts of Chests 60 at once to prepare and had but ten dayes respit admitted me to make and to fit them all and yet notwithstanding the said Chests contained herbs of divers sorts as also Bean and Barly-meal Linseed Fenugreeke Camomile flowers Cuminseed Fennel seed and divers other things that are helps that way But what shall I say To some foolish contentious vain-glorious persons my best things fall too short for them but to benevolent understanding Artists they can make and find many wayes and helps of fitting things in a Ship and not alwayes charge the Surgeons Chest Viz. If my selfe were at Sea and put to it I would find wast crums of Bisket and I would boyle them in Ship-Beer and with some fat of the Beefe Kettles or of the Porke Kettle I would make up a suppurative Cataplasme and if it had not a fit consistence or body I would deale with the steward for a little Meale or take some of my owne stores and according to my store enrich that with other helps from the Chest And if I need a discutient Cataplasme and the Chest had not to help me to my will being put to it I would as I said make my ground of the Medicine to be of crums of Bisket or of soft bread decocted in Beer adding when it had well sod Vineger and honey a fit quantity these things with other rationall additions according to several occasions doe much comfort the weak patient and also grace the Artist Nam frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora And to put young Surgeons in mind what other Suppurative Medicines are in the Surgeons Chest there are either Unguents Oyles or Emplastick Medicaments divers which my time will not admit me to informe you of though I confesse I should advise young men in their necessities But to be short they shall find Vnguent Basilicon spread thick and applyed to an Apostume doth well help to suppurate and the better if the griefe were first embrocated with some Oleum Lili●rum Lini or the like and you shall find that Arceus Linament is right good to suppurate a tumor and likewise Empl. Meliloti and who knoweth not that Ship-pitch and a little fat mixed ripeneth a tumor duly applyed or Pix Graeca with fat or turpentine and divers other the like good things may be found where the discreet Surgeon is put to his shifts But no

more of that for whereas Bees may suck Honey even there Spiders will convert a plain stile into Poyson and Gall. Non omnibus dormio A ready defensative powder to be applyed where Iust cause is for a defensative either for wounds with Gun-shot or other Wounds which I have made use of and will impart the secret to young practitioners and is as followeth R. Terra sigillat Alumin Vitriol Tartar Cerus ana 1 li. Bol. Armen 2 li. Aquae 1 li. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a Gallon and a half put the water into the pot and thereunto put the Allom and the Copperas then powder the tartar and put that in also and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder put them in by little and little stirring them very well until all be incorporated and without seething keepe the Medicine on the fire till it be hard and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder then put it into some dreppin Pan or the like and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard then being cold powder it and keep it to your use for it will not decay nor alter his Vertue in many years And when you would use it for a defensative take of this powder about halfe an ounce of Posca I meane water and Vinegar mixed foure ounces put the powder therein which will almost melt then dip clouts therein and apply them This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and a very anodine Also it healeth all itchings smartings gaulings or any Erisipelas or other excoriations speedily and safely and dryeth it mightily preventeth from accidents either in great wounds or fractures and being in small quantity used with faire water to ulcers it cleanseth them well and healeth them And if you have whites of egges mixed with a Posca it were the better or in fractures with yolkes and whites together it is very good onely let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature namely as a defensative in fit time and touching the rest of the uses thereof he may presume he hath a very good Medicine and so for this time I take my leave Vale in Christo Jesu A Description of the Trafine and the necessary uses thereof especially for Military occasions for young Surgeons HAving had sufficient tryals of the facility and of the Trafine I have thought fit to commend it and the use thereof for the future to the younger Artist upon some of their requests not detracting ought from the worthinesse and due commendations of the Author of the Trapan concerning that excellent invention yet by way of addition to my former Edition I thought fit here to describe the Trafine it being an Instrument of my own composing which experience will shew is more compendious and of more facility in the use thereof for young practicioners in Surgery then is the Trapan the which Instrument although it may be said to be derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan yet well observed it performeth as much as the Trapan in every degree and more and for that it was so fashioned and first practised by my selfe I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it a tribus finibus from the three ends thereof each being of several uses and being as it may appeare triangular or three cornered each corner there of performing the part it seemeth to undertake so that it fully supplyeth and maketh good all the uses of a Trapan with the one end and that with more facility as is said and safely then the Trapan doth or can doe and it supplyeth with the second end all the uses of a smooth Levatory and supplyeth the necessity of a Jagged or toothed Levatory with the third end the said Levatories being all necessary adjutors in helping to make and finish the Trafine or tres finis and who so shall please to make a judicial experience thereof not being prejudicated will find that it far exceedeth the Trapan in all his uses in the compendious and safe performance of the workes as well of the two Levatories as of a Trapan recited which the former can no way be said to be Secondly the Trapan cannot be well managed without both the hands of the Artist viz. the one for the work of erosion by the Artificial motion thereof in turning it ever round for the better penetrating of the Cranium the other hand must be used to keep it steddy upon the affected part and yet the upper part of the Instrument must neverthelesse as of necessity rest upon the Surgeons brest yea and the Surgeon must for that purpose order his body in a fit posture and further yet the Surgeon must have a second man for an assistant of necessity that must be imployed to stay the Patients head whereas with this Instrument I meane the Trafine the whole worke is performed by the two hands of the Surgeon onely with farre more dexterity and quicker then with the Trapan as is said yea and that with much more comfort both to the patient and to the Artist as the practice therewith will plainely shew and againe there is no such danger attending that Instrumentas doth the Trapan for the heads of the Trafine are made all taper to wit wider above then beneath and also cut both wayes and cannot therefore easily be said to offend the Dura Mater by an error to be suggested to happen in the use thereof without stupid ignorance in the Artist Thirdly the Trapan of old had ever the heads as wide above as beneath which heads were many wayes both very dangerous and uncertaine especially when the Instrument by turning round had cleane pierced through the Cranium and thereby after the same head had fully perforated the Cranium round it was very apt on the suddaine to slip downe upon the Dura Mater by error and improvidence of the Artist either upon oblivion or omission divers wayes as namely for one if the Artist did not truly equally and strongly fasten the small screw being an iron or rather a steele pin that stayeth and fasteneth the said head of the Trapan which the Artist pierceth with for the gaging thereof either by hast which though otherwise he might adjudged a careful Surgeon yet upon his eager proceeding on his work might unhappily be omitted and even that small error might cause danger to the life of the Patient and sometimes proved the irrecoverable cause of his death whereas this Instrument the Trafine hath all the heads thereof made taper as is said namely wider above then below piercing every way alike and therefore there needeth no rule or gager especially in the being performed without turning it round about but is done by the onely moving or agitating of the hand to and fro yea with the onely moving of the wrist of the hand and which is another manifest benefit thereof it

an Electuary and use thereof ʒ j. se at a time in Posset-drink or Wine according as the sicknesse taketh men if it take them cold I hold it better given in Wine or Posset-drink made with Wine if it may be had then with the usual Cordial Waters which is but a meere Fl●gma distilled from the barre herb at the best and often not truly so good for I well know that Wine is a true Cordial and gladdeth the heart of man which I must believe to be so for that the Booke of God doth so testifie of it And I know also it resisteth putrefaction in the very nature thereof Wherefore in my opinion if it were not in some who apparantly have a fervent burning Feaver where reason it self would advise me to forbear Wine I would use Wine before either Angelica Carduus Dragon-Water or any of the like kindes in the case of the Plague as I have divers times elsewhere recited The Dose of Elect. de Ovo This Medicine either taken alone a Drach or four scruples to a strong person diseased is excellent if it be taken with Syrrup of Citrons ʒ j. White or Claret Wine ℥ iij. or iiij ℥ and four drops of Oyle of Vitrol and the diseased layd to sweat upon it being orderly attended it is a most precious Medicine by my self very often tryed I having often made the aforesaid Receit and used it out with good successe Another Composition of Electuarium De Ovo being plain cheap and good ELectuarium de Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge as it was made and prescribed for publick use in Germany by the Physicians of the Emperour Maximilian in the time of a great Plague there in A●●● Domini 1600. being a most excellent Preservative against the disease and also a good curative medicine as followeth Take a new Egge and make a hole in the ●oppe put out the white and fill the place with Saffron undryed onely teased and the flakes opened asunder mingle it in the shell that it be like a paste the yolk of the egge and the saffron together and stoppe the hole being filled and boyl or stew it or rather bake it gently in the Imbers till it may almost be brought into powder but without burning of it then adde unto it of the rootes of Tormentil Morsus Diab Angelica Pimpernel and Zedoary of each ʒ ij make this into powder then take ℥ ij of old Venice Triacle and in want thereof so much Mithridate and with water of Scabious make it into an Electuary and give at one time for the largest dose or quantity one Drach and a half to a strong body to provoke him to sweat if he have the sicknesse It will provoke sweat plentifully but if it be by way of a preservative to prevent sicknesse then give him but the weight of 3 d. or 4 d. or 6 d. at the most at one time and let the Patient upon the receit thereof be laid to sweat for three or four houres and it will produce an admirable effect of health if it be with good order and discretion administred The Composition of the ancient Treacle Theriac Diatessar or the poor mans Treacle TAke chosen Myrrhe good Bay-berries hulled well Aristolochia roots and Gentian roots * of each 1. ℥ dissolve the Myrrhe in Sack and gently evaporate some of the Sack away and make the other ingrediences into fine powder then take ℥ xij of pure honey and according to Air incorporate it and mix all the aforesaid things with it make it boil a little gently and make an Electuary thereof and give a ʒ j. s or two ʒ ij of this Electu at a time to a strong body yea a strong person may safely take ʒ iij. The dose of Ther. Diatess And lay the party to sweat you may give it in white wine or claret or sack if the disease begin cold or in Beer Ale or posset drink and I have found by much practice that it is a sure good Cordial and Children may take it This medicine I my self would take upon the defence of my own life as soon as one of the greatest and dearest compositions in the Apothecaries shop And I further well know that the Apothecary may honestly afford The price of Ther. Diat●ss this kind of Diatessar truly made for 4 d an ounce and that an ounce thereof may be sufficient at several times given to cure a man diseased of the Plague God giving his blessing to the meanes and by way of preservatives given it may defend many from it But I confesse it is some what a bitter Medicine and so as I have said are most all good Medicines in practice for that disease wherefore whosoever m●s●keth a good Medicine for the bitternesse by his nice refusal may find his disease farre more bitter Nam dulcia non meruit qui non gustavit amara The vertue of it for other diseases This medicine is also excellent good against paines and gripings of the stomach or belly taking the quantity aforesaid or lesse and for the disease of the Colick or any windy pains or gripings of the small guts it is the best medicine that ever I knew A Caveat for administering of Ther. Diatess But beware it be not given to women with child for to such it is not grateful nor very safe because of the Myrrhe but to any woman which wants the due sicknesse of her seasons it is an excellent medicine and otherwise for any person diseased with the Plague A Cordial Confection or Preservative for women with child children infants and tender people The receit TAke chosen roots of Set-well called Zedoary the purest of them half a pound put them one whole day to infuse in rose-Rose-water and wine-vineger mixed then let them dry gently which done with fine Sugar and rose-Rose-water preserve them and give a small quantity of the same half an ounce or thereabout fasting the like you may do with Angelica rootes or with Enul Campan rootes or with The great vertue of the root of the Butter-burre a root called Butter-burre which is one of the most excellent roots for the cure of the Plague that ever was found out by Art this root the Germanes name Pestilence root as being held the best preservative and also cure for the disease of the Plague or Pestilence Another good Cordial for women with child children or delicate people TAke a Lemon or a good Citron ●●ew it in Rose water and Sugar cloven first into four parts and when it is half stewed adde The recei● some Cynamon in powder thereto it is a singular good Cordial so taken and for a preservative for tender women with child and dainty people the quantity of a Nutmeg thereof in a morning for such as are delicate and tender and cannot take medicines well that are The dose of it bitter Also for women with child if they take sometimes a toste sprinkled with rose

at the cost The Rec●i● of it TAke the roots of China cut into small slices ℥ 3. infuse them 12 hours at the least in five quarts of fair water adding of Burrage and Buglosse of each half a handful of Cloves in number three with a like weight of Cynamon and Mace boyl these gently till one third part be consumed and if you please adde one spoonfull of Rosewater and some little Sugar to make it grateful in taste and also three spoonfuls of juyce of Lemons and in want of juyce of Lemons so much good Wine Vineger you may give the Patient at one time to a quarter of a pinte and he may take of this decoction four The Dose sundry times in a day safely at the least and oftnet if he like it Also remembring that the sick have some other Cordial prepared for him if need be to provoke him to sweat the second or third time and some odoriferous thing in his hand or near at hand by him often to smell unto such as are elsewhere set down or some other of the like nature And in want of China roots take the double part of Sarsaparilla and in want of that a large crust of the best bread of Wheat for the poorer sort this also is good to contemperate the blood after sweating and further it is of ancient Writers esteemed as a very good Cordial medicine to give the party the quantity of a drach or ʒ i. s of the finest Bolus Armen in a cup of white Wine with half a spoonful of Rose-water and a little Sugar if you please and in want thereof give it in posset drink Moreover if you see occasion and can have them in your posset drinks or distilled water that you use as vehicles or liquors in which you give your medicines you may put the quantity of one or two ounces of syrup of Citrons or of Lemons or of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or of sour Pomegranates also it is very good in every sweat-provoking Cordial drink that you adde oyl of Vitriol three or four drops to a dose but no more for offending yea in all Julips a few drops thereof are both cordial and warrantable and in want thereof in a cooling Julip may be added Sal Prunellae so that the quantity exceed not ʒ ij per haustum unum Another Julip for the Diseased of the Plague The Receit TAke French Barley or in want thereof English Barley about one good handfull fair conduit water or spring water three quarts boyl the Barley about half an hour in the water and then cast away the water then take about three quarts of water again and of Mace and Cloves of each half a scruple or 20 grains which is a scruple and boyl the said Barley and the rest one hour or more till one third part of the liquor or thereabouts be consumed then clear of this Barley water into a glasse and to each quart of water if it may be had adde of Syrup of Wood-sorrel of Citrons of Limons of Violets or of any one of these ℥ 3. of Rose water one spoonfull of Wine Vineger two spoonfuls of oyl of Vitriol ten drops and if you can get no syrups at hand use Sugar to make it pleasant of taste and in want of oyl of Vitriol use two more spoonfuls of Wine Vineger A caution in using oyl of Vitriol and note that whensoever you put oyl of Vitriol into any liquor and that you would give it the Patient that you shake the glasse ever when you put our any for the Oyl will fall to the bottom and the last draught will be very dangerous and too sharp to be drunk Against Thirstinesse Divers qualifications of Thirst WAter and Vineger mixed and often held in the mouth and put out again is good juyce of Lemons and water so used letting some part down is also very good also preserved cherries and stew'd Prunes are good to hold in the mouth and to be taken in Quinces or conserve of Barberries or Tamarinds from the East-Indies or it were good the Patient had by him often to suck from a liquorish stick some cordial syrup in a glasse as of Wood-sorrel of Citrons Limons of Violets or syrup of Vineger or of some such like also as is repeated Sal Prunellaeʒ ij and some 3 ounces of Plantain or Strawberry water doth well cool thirst and is cordial Against faintings and swounings which happen in the sicknesse Medicines against swounings LEt the sick have something to smell unto that hath Rose-Vineger with a few drops of Rose water in it also give the sick either some Treacle water or some good Bezar or Cynamon water Angelica water or Mint water distilled with wine or a little good Aqua-vitae or a little good claret wine mul'd with a few Cloves Rosemary and Sugar therein any of these are good Cordials or let him hold a Lemon stuck with Cloves as is said in his hand or have some cordial Pomander in his hand and to wet his temples and forehead with Wine Vineger and a little Rosewater mixed where it may be had A good Posset-Drink in the sicknesse if the Disease begin hot MAke an ordinary posset with Ale and Milk purifie it from the curd and boyl gently therein if you desire to have it cooling Sorrel Strawberry leaves Plantain leaves Violet leaves or some of them adding a little Wine vineger and some Sugar and a little Rosewater if you please and this will be a good drink for the Patient to continue with in the time of his sicknesse Also the juyce of Lemons or Oranges wrung into the posset drink is likewise very good and the best of all to make it tart and not over sour therewith is a little oyl of Vitriol for that no medicine is so Oyl of Vitriol precious against the pestilential Feaver as the oyl of Vitriol it being warily administred Another good Posset-Drink to give a sweating Medicine in if the parties sicknesse begin cold MAke a Posset first with Ale and Milk in an ordinary manner unto which adde Marigolds Burrage Buglosse or some of them and gently boyl them in the Drink and to a quart thereof adde of good Sack a quarter of a pint and to a draught of this drink put any cordial medicine to provoke sweat and give it warm if the disease begin cold as is said but if it begin hot leave out the Sack for as I in this book have oft repeated I hold Wine better and safer to give a cordial with Wine the best for preparing a Cordial with in the Plague then any simple water distilled although it were distilled either from Angelica Dragon Centory or Carduus Benedictus A good Cordial Medicine for the poorer sort though it were to women with Child for they may take it softly The Receit TAke Bayberries cleanse the husks and dry them untill they will be made into powder then powder them or for a need grate