contused wounds made by Gunshot and yet Over drying medicines dangerous you are to consider that as too much gleeting weeping or experience of humidity from wounds of gunshot is dangerous many wayes so too much use of drying medicaments in wounds made with Gunshot is no lesse dangerous by stopping the pores and repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contused blood collected being choaked in the wound aptly indangering a Gangrena and other deadly accidents incident thereunto Advise touching the general regiment of wounded men Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician how the young Surgion may in part demean himselfe being put to it for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gunshot which are very much regulated by the government of the Patient touching his dyet as also in the careful keeping his body in temper from much Dyet costivenesse and also to stay in ordinate fluxes thereby to prevent accidents as Feavers c. And further also to meet with an help to cure evill accidents when they happen to the effecting whereof good dyet and other fitting helps are to be wished might attend valiant men which fight for their countries honour and defence which failing much with brave Souldiers and valiant Sea-men at Campe and Ship there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeons chest affordeth viz. If the patient before his wound had not a loose body let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glyster and if he seem disposed to a fever though he hath bled by his wound yet if his strength be answerable open a veine on the contrary side of Supposiâ—ory or Glyster his griefe but purge him not being wounded without very just cause rather keepe him by gentle meanes to have the benefit of nature either by Glyster or Suppository if once in two dayes hee have not a stoole and further if he be distempered with heat make him a Fresh water oft wanting at Sea Barly-water viz. Water two gallons Barly 6. ounces Liquorish one ounce or juice of Liquorish two dram's boyl it gently a little then cast away the first waters if water be plentiful else not and boyl it in fresh water till one third part be spent and being boyled and clarified to the said decoction add some few drops of oyl Vitriol to make it some what sower in tast but not too much but if to this 6. graines of Confectio Alkermes with one spoonful of Rose-water were added the drinke would be much the more grateful in tast and more profitable I conceive it will be needlesse to urge a course for a sparing dyet for Souldiers or Sea-men at Sea for I feare gluttony will not be their sinne But if fulnesse of body be a hindrance the Surgeon hath meanes to evacuate as for a vomit by Stibium the infusion of 4 graines if such a medicine be thought fitting as in able bodyes may be borne or by laxatives as Confectio Hamech six drams for a dose Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce Pills The Pills in the Invoyce in this Surgeons chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any sort of them Also of Pulvis Sanctus may be giuen two drams or Pulvis Arthritiâ—ns one dram and if Cordials be required the Surgeon hath in his chest to provoke rest iu Feavers several ones as more particular there is Diascordium which he may give to the ful of two drams for a dose to a strong body either in wine or water as he please or in a Bolus or lump of it self Vse of Laudanum Also he hath Laudanum which he may give safely 3. or 4. graines to asswage pain in painful wounds to give rest in Feavers to stay fluxes and in divers other cases being used with judgment and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive Likewise in fluxes of the belly accompanied with crude nauseousnesse of the stomach as also against venemous or pestilential infection of the blood there is in the chest Phylonium Persicum of which the Patient may take from one scruple to halfe a dram and to one dram safely in a reasonable body and this is a safe medicine which causeth rest and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly and doth also correct venemous and maligne humors and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestilential after some fitting evacuation if occasion be What I here write it is of mine owne practice you may take it on my word for truth for you shall find it to be so if with due caution you make use of them These three Cordials as is said asswage pain viz. Diascordium Laudanum and Phylonium or either of them also they serve well to coole or contemperate the blood Cordials to swage pain Of Cordials in general The Surgeons chest containeth also divers other Cordial medicines which may be profitably administred each upon due occasion viz. Confectio Alkermes either given alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. graines to a scruple for a dose Aqua Caelestis and Cinamon water to refresh the spirits halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose and so of Spirit of wine and also Aqua vitae made of wine which so much as containeth of the spirit of wine is quasi spiritus vitae Also the Surgeons chest hath against contagion and the Plague Mithridate Ther. Londinens Diatessar Elect. de Ovo as also Diascord Aurum vitae and Laudanum mentioned all these being proper for pestilential occasions the uses and vertues of which I desire to touch though but in a word And for example if the Surgeon desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest it is made either of Lâ—udanum to three graines or to 4 grains as it is said or Diascordium 2 drams or Phylonium to one dram mentioned And note that Laudanum is best to be taken in a Pill because Noâ—e of his ungrateful tast and Phylonium in a Bolus or lump for the like reason and so also may Diascod be used well and especially in warre where neither the advice of the learned Physitian nor the helpe of the expert Apothecary is at hand but if the Surgeon be occasioned and that he would have Diascor to be given in a potion then let him take of Diascor 1 dram of white wine or fair water 3 ounces or foure of Sirrup of Violets halfe an ounce Confect Alkermes eight graines Oleum Vitrioli gutt quatuor and let the Patient drinke that potion and incline himselfe to rest Cordials comfortive And if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required then the aforesaid Cinamon water Aqua caelestis or Aqua vitae of wine is at hand without mixture or addition or with some addition halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose
If against the malignity of the blood or any pestilential contagion be feared then in such a case the Patient may take as followeth R. Diatessar two drams Mithrid one dram Elect. de ovo one scruple dissolve or mixe them together and take it in white wine claret or sack or in Carduus or fair water for need of any the aforesaid to the quantity of foure ounces and sweat thereupon and if the contagion be fierce the Patient may reiterate such sweating medicine each eight houres safely for three times or Aurum vitae gr 8 These or any of these other Cordials may be given in other waters and other mixtures according to the discretion of the Surgeon the time place and different occasion considered and for need the aforesaid Cordials or any of them may be taken in a Bolus or lumpe Likewise Mithridate or Audromaches Treacle a dram or two drams of either of them in white wine in Carduus water or in beere or water for a need may safely be taken for a Cordial or in a Bolus if the Patient like it so For tortions or gripings of the stomach or bowels Also Therica Diatessaroâ— three drams for a dose may be taken either as it is in a Bolus or lump to be swallowed down and even so taken it is an excellent Cordial to provoke sweat to remove tortions stitches or gripings of the stomach or lower belly or against any paines therein also it resisteth all putrefactions and pestilential vapors and is the most antient Treacle of all others my selfe have had very much true and good experience of it and would trust my life upon it though not before the two aforesaid Alexifarmiks and London Treacle in like manner is to be used and is a very good Cordiall Elect. de Ovo is also of it selfe a sure good Cordial a scruple I meane twenty graines thereof in a Bolus or lump or in wine given it resisteth pestilential venome and refresheth the spirits and either A Cordial alone or as a foresaid mixed with other Cordials Aurum vitae as also a true Cordial for it comforteth the heart provoketh sweat and by the pores of the skin expelleth poysonous vapors I have had good proof thereof upon my one body when I was strucken with the Plague Conser Rosarum is used to refresh and strengthen the stomach either alone or if you intend to coole and contemperate the blood A contemperative Cordial to purpose adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol to a little thereof and iâ— to warme the stomach mixe a little Methridate or Treacle one part and Conserve of Roses two parts and give it so in a Bolus Of cooling Juleps Conser Barberies may be profitably kept either to mixe with cooling Barley waters or Juleps to refresh the appetite and the feebled spirits in feavers or sometimes to give little of it in a Bolus or lumpe or to give a relish to the mouth to cause appetite in Feavers and to expel nauseous distempers There is also in the chest Oxymel simplex which I use in the Surgeons chest in want of sirrop Diamor as being nothing inferior thereunto for Lotions in the mouth and throat orderly used it ceaseth inflamations as also for the other vertues it hath exceded Diameron as namely in the swaging of tumours and paines this is a singular medicine and Cure of Hernia humeralis also in Hernia humeralis being tumours of the testicles and scrotum it excelleth them if it be mixt with a Cataplasme of Beane-meale boyled in beere with a little oyle of Elders or Roses and a little wax so that the whole quantity of the Cataplasme being by guesse two pound if so then put about six or seven or eight ounces of Oximel thereunto and boyl it to a body and it is an admirable good medicine for it discusseth and safely repelleth such tumours in their increase with the helpe of Phlebotomy and a vomit where the patient is strong which tumours by the patient his delaying of time or by â—rrour of the Surgeon will otherwise come to suppuration and prove fistulaes incurable but hee that will cure such tumours must have an artificial sacke-trusse and be sure that the griefe be truely and easily borne up at all times of the whole cure and Oximel inwardly administred purgeth the stomach and intrals openeth obstructions and yet without any manifest signe of heat and thereby helpeth much in feavers ingendred of grosse phlegme Of Lotions generally used in the Surgeons Chest the most common is of Sanative hearbs made in the Summer with water or wine or both and honey but at Sea if a laxative or washing lotion in need be Lotion at Sea for a need required faire water with as much Allum therein as will make it tart and so much honey as will give it a grateful tast and there is a lotion for a shift or if in the diseases of the Scurvy a lotion be required then use Copperas instead of Allum or sometimes Vnguent Egyptiacum which is a most fit medicine for Ulcers of the mouth or throat the grieved part being touched very hot therewith and being applied with a Probe armed with Lint And to wash and cool the mouth in feavers I often take fair water foure ounces of Rose water halfe a spoonefull a little sirrup of Violets or Mel for a need and a few drops of Wine Vinegar or Oximel or Oyle of Vitriol a few drops onely to make the Medicine tart I mean the Lotion I have bin taxed that my proportion hath not sufficient medicines contained therein for wounds of Gunshot but if any please to look into the particulars and well consider them he will find that the whole scope of the Surgeons Chest is of purpose contrived to that end and that there is not any one Medicine therein A true Idescription of a wound with Gun shot at the first view but upon the main or upon the by tendeth that way for a wound of Gunshot at the first view representeth a wound an ulcer a Fistula yea and sometimes a fracture and a dislocation and by accidents calleth unto it a feaver an Apostume a Gangren quid non yea without Gods Mercy joyned and the great care of the discreet Surgeon death followeth Judge then if ought be in the Surgeons Chest which in such a wound upon some occasion may not be found useful And for an instance the Chest containeth for the first intention curative of burnings with Gun-powder Vng. populeon Album triapharmâ—c Dipomphol Mel. Saponis Oleum Lini Cerusa Meldepâ—raâ— being all directly fitting for the first intention namely for taking out of the fire and yet the Chest hath divers other helps as for an example a linament may be made of Minium Diacalâ—itheos and Oyles either of Linseed or Roses very profitable for that use And for all the rest as is said of wounds of Gun-shot so I say of Ulcers made by Gun-shot the whole scope of
Succus Acatiae SUccus Acatiae is a forrein medicine for which we use the juice of Sloes it doth refrigerate binde and repell it stayeth all fluxes of the belly healeth excoriations of the intrals strengtheneth much the stomack helpeth appetite healeth ulcerations in the intrals either used in Glisters or eaten in agelly The dose whereof may safely be ℥ i. at one time or 2. ℥ cannot offend but I hold the infusion thereof or the decoction of it to be the aptest medicine because of the grossnesse of the sustance thereof Succus Glycirrhizae SUccus Glycirrhizae or juyce of Licorice in all his qualities is temperate but exceeding in heat somewhat it doth lenifie the throat and mitigate the asperities of the arteries cleanseth the bladder and is good for the cough moveth expectoration and is very profitable against all vices of the lungs and throat Succus Limonum SUccus Limonum or juyce of Limons expelling and refrigerating cleareth the skin of morphew killeth handworms and is of special use to bridle the heat of melancholy to help sharpe and contagious fevers is good to cause a pleasant tast in potions c. and Cordials It is very cordial of it self and the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy to be drunk at all times for it mightily openeth all obstructions and refresheth and restoreth nature Pulpa Tamarindorum PUlpa Tamarindorum the pulpe or juice of Tamarinds is a medicament excellent and well approved of against Scurvy as well for opening the obstructions of the liver and spleen as for comforting and refreshing the blood and spirits decayed or stopped Also it purgeth choler allayeth the heat and fury of blood cureth sharpe fevers and the Kings evil extinguisheth thirst and all heat of the stomack and liver stoppeth vomiting and is good for the Chollick Pilulae Aggregativae PIlulae Aggregativae so called either from the Agaricum or the aggregation of many vertues that are said to be therein for they are profitable for many affections of the head stomack and liver they purge flegme choler and melancholy and therefore are of very good use against continual fevers and inveterate diseases It is described by Mesues whose dose is from two scruples to a dram and a half But beware of the use of these pils where the flux raigneth for Agaricum in such bodies as are incident thereto is a dangerous medicine I speakthis of experience wherefore remember it Pilulae Aureae PIlulae Aureae or golden pils being in colour like aurum or gold because of the saffron in them they are cholagogall attracting choler yea and flegme too from the inferiour and superiour venter and therefore purge the head senses and eyes and restore the eye sight They were first made known by Nicolaus Myrepsus who was the first inventer of them their dose is like that of the pils Aggregative Pilulae Cochiae PIlulae Cochiae deriving their name from a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a grain pils being formed small and round like grains of Cicers do purge both choler and flegme from the head the liver and from all other parts wherein such humours are contained and are found described first by Dr. Rhasis who is their supposed Author The dose is divers as before sometimes great sometimes small but ʒ i. is the ordinary dose Pilulae de Euporbio PIlulae de Euphorbio pils of Euphorbium receiving Mesues for their Patron are vertuous against the dropsie and Scurvy for they calefie the stomack and intrails purge water abundantly prevail also in removing the cause of tumours and bring aide for the pain of the loines and gout proceeding from too much humidity they are effectual in the quantity of one scruple or half a dram and may be mixed with Pilulae Cochiae Pilulae Cambogiae PIls of Cambogia are good to cleanse the head and refresh the sight to purge choler flegme or melancholy from the stomack or spleen they open obstructions and thereby profit well in the cure of the dropsie and scurvy and for the cure of Icteritia flava or the yellow Jaundise they are very good This Cambogia is much used in Holland and Germany and Doctor Harvey of St. Bartholomews Hospital calleth it purging saffron and giveth it in pils per se in which manner given it purgeth both wayes forcibly but the pils here mentioned purge onely downwards very gently their dose is ʒ ss their composition shall be mentioned in his due place Pilulae Ruffi PIlulae Ruffi or Pestilentiales Ruffi subscribing to Ruffus their inventer a famous Physition and fitting for the pestilence and plague do rather prevent infection then cure the infected for by reason of the aloes the body is freed from excrements by myrrha from putrefaction and by Saffron the vital faculties are quickned but infection once possessed is not alwayes by such light cordials and gentle laxatives removed their dose agreeth with that of Pilulae Aureae they are very stomachal for they refresh much the stomack and in any oppressions of the stomack where gentle purging is required they excell Benedicta laxativa BEnedicta laxativa or the blessed laxative doth mightily open obstructions purgeth choler flegme and all clammy humours from the joynts reins and bladder and is termed Benedicta because it benignely looseth the belly The dose is ʒ ii Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi THis is a laxative powder made onely of four vegetables and one Animal simplex with the addition of sugar to give it the more grateful tast the dose is to ʒ i. at the utmost besides the sugar I can speak of the pleasure and profit I have had by this mean purging powder I say pleasure for that it is so pleasant and easie to be taken and profit to me many wayes for it is my general purging medicine when I would purge downwards upon any repletion of the body or general cause of evacuation downwards and I find it indifferent in purging any offending humour according to the commendations the Author giveth of it I can no more misse this plain and harmlesse ready purge then I can misse my Salvatory Oswaldus Crollius a most learned late Writer hath set down this onely purge for the cure of the Podagra giving it this breif commendation It purgeth safely and gently all podagrical defluctions and in truth whosoever shall have occasion of the use thereof will have cause to commend it and knowing it will find small need of Pulvis Hollandicus or Pulvis sanctus whose dose at sea must be at the least two drames being nauseous and unsavoury whereas ʒ ss of this will do as much with great facility and without tortions or gripings of the guts which other compositions cause I use to give it to strong bodies in white wine to weaker in sack but at sea for a need it may be given in fair water and some sirupe to help the tast thereof which neverethelesse is not ungrateful of it self Trochiscus de Absinthio TRochiscus de Absinthio or of
whole cure of the Scurvy to the herb Spoon-wort One Olivar as a Sweden writer in his fifteenth book and fifty one Chapter intreating of this grief attributeth the whole cure thereof to be in Absinthiâ— or worm-wood namely to drink much of the infusion thereof and also of the salt of the fame and one chief part of the cure of the Scurvy saith he consists in good diet but the sea-men are injoyned to that onely the Ship affordeth which the better and sounder their provisions of victuals are the more their men stand to health and the contrary not onely bringeth many diseases but maketh the diseases which happen very hard to be cured therefore I may spare labour in writing what broths or herbs serve best where no fresh food can be The Chirurgions duty in this disease at Sea gotten the Surgeon and his Mate must therefore seeing he is at sea deprived of one principal help in that cure namely fresh meat and good drink be diligent to call for such for comfortable things as are by the great care and bounty of the Marchants provided for sick men or those which incline thereunto whereof in each Ship is a good I mean in the Kings service or of the East India Company proportion both of wine sugar spices and other comfortable things and to see they have it in due time and measure and likewise to complain to the Governours if they be withheld from the same or if any man abuse himself by mis-dyet yea and the Chirurgion ought morning and evening to seek for weak and poor men in their Cabins or so soon as they are missing at their messes to inquire for them and to see their Cabins be sweet and their provisions according or to move and intreat the Master or Governour of the Ship for redresse in such cases for fear of a general infection And whereas the first part of this Cure is in the opening of obstructions it is therefore fit in the beginning of the grief to give a lenitive glyster then the next day if the party be strong open a vein but beware as is said of taking too much blood away at once especially where the Liver is weak or stopped and where men want good nutriment for many evils ensue thereby The next day following his bleeding if he can bear it and if that his disease be with a swelling or fulnesse give him a doss of the pills of Euphorbium or otherwise of pibula ruffi or of Cambogia and make him some comfortable spoon meat such as you can make at sea namely an Oatmeal caudle would not be amiss of a little beer or wine with the yolk of an egge and a little Sugar made warm and given him to drink or any comfortable broth made with Currants and other fruit or Spices moderately taken or with Sugar or as the Ship can afford a Barley water for his ordinary drink were not amiss with some few drops of Cinnamon water therein and also some juice or Syrupe of Lemons therein or a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some Sugar and give him in his drink by way of infusion dryed Wormwood good store for it is very wholesome Further the Chirurgion or his Mate must not fail to perswade the Governor or Purser in all places where they touch in the Indies and may have it to provide themselves of juice of Oranges limes or lemons and at Banthame of Tamarinds Also sometime though a man be well a comfortable caudle made with some Wine Spices Sugar and the yolk of an egge were very good for these are helps in that case as well to prevent the disease as also to help it when it comes The excellency of the juyce of Lemons Limes Oranges and Tamarinds And further experience teacheth which I have oft found true that where a disease most raigneth even there God hath appointed the best remedies for the same grief if it be his will they should be discovered and used and note for substance the Lemmons Limes Tamarinds Oranges and other choice of good helps in the Indies which you shall finde there do farre exceed any that can be carried thither from England and yet there is a good quantitie of juice of Lemmons sent in each ship out of England by the great care of the Merchants and The Merchants care for Sea-men intended onely for the relief of every poore man in his need which is an admirable comfort to poore men in that disease also I finde we have manygood things that heal the Scurvie well at land but the Sea Land medicines for the Scurvy â—â—ad sea medicines Chirurgion shall doe little good at Sea with them neither will they indure The use of the juice of Lemmons is a precious medicine and well tried being sound and good let it have the chief place for it will deserve it the use whereof is It is to be taken each morning two or three spoonfuls and fast after it two hours and if you add one spoonfull of Aqua vitae thereto to a cold stomack it is the better Also if you take a little thereof at night it is good to mixe therewith some sugar or to take of the syrup thereof is not amisse Further note it is good to be put into each purge you give in that disease Some Chirurgeons also give of this juice daily to the men in health as a preservative The iuice of Lemmons a good preservative which course is good if they have store or otherwise it were best to keep it for need I dare not write how good a sauce it is at meat lest the chief in the ships waste it in their great Cabins to save vineger In want whereof use of the juice of Limes Oranges or Citrons or the pulp of Tamarinds and in want of all these use oyl of Vitriol as many drops as may make a cup of beere water or rather wine if it may be had only a very little as it were sower to which you may also adde sugar if you please or some syrups according to your store and the necessitie of that disease for of my experience I can affirm that good oyl of Vitriol is an especial good medicine in the cure of the Scurvie as also in many other griefs the which in another place is noted Further a decoction of Bisket and therein Almonds ground adding Cinamon and Rose-water a little and some sugar were very comfortable now and then to be taken to refresh the stomack And as touching the Tamarinds brought from the Indies they are to be eaten of themselves as the substance of them is namely to eat them as you would prunes and being made into conserves eat them as other conserves on the point of a knife sucking out the substance and putting forth the stalkes or stones thereof some dissolve them in wine or water and work out the substance of them therein and cast away the rest taking onely that which is pure one may
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
of Rubarb as is said in the cure of Diarrhoea or a Decoction of myrabulans and also a good Barly-water the second good help is a Glister which may be proper against sharp If the Patient want rest give him a Glister humors and after to conclude the cure with a dose of Laudanum Paracelsi but if the partie be in great weaknesse and want of rest give him some comfortable glister first next that an Opiate I mean the Landanum one dose you may begin in weak bodies first with Opiate medicines in that there is most need of ease and if you find after rest it help not use a Glister or a purge as you see cause for though the Laudanum at first cure not yet it giveth rest whereby the partie afterwards it is likely will be the stronger to indure cure by other reasosonable The oft repeating of Laudanum râ—quireth this caution medicines which done if that answer not thy desire thou maist return to Laudanum again and again alwayes remembring as is said there be foure houres at the least distance betwixt each dose and if the disease proceed of heat seek to coole the bloud by a decoction of Plantane and cold hearbs or seeds if they be to be had or at Sea with such medicines as are used to quench heat and are not merely sharp and yet Oyle of Vitriol is much commended to be taken certain dayes together in any kinde of distilled waters either Plantane Sorrell Straw-berries or the like whilest the said waters are good and sweet or with Aqua Sparnolae if it be at hand also a Barley water with a little Allum or Galls in powder is singular good so is Bole but the finer the Bole is the better and Terra Sigillata Syrup of Quinces is good also in that case and so are all the medicines Laudanum laude dignum made of sloes after some due evacuation as in thy discretion thou shalt see reasonable but to conclude a dose of Laudanum Opiate is best to finish the work for that goeth before or rather exceedeth all other medicines in fluxes for that swageth all pains and causeth quiet sleep which often even alone is the true perfection of the How to restore the patient very weak by Disentery cure And further if it 〈◊〉 appear that this disease have so gotten the upper hand that the 〈◊〉 is grown very feeble his bloud being wasted appoint him 〈◊〉 that may warm and comfort the stomack namely at land if it may be had Broths of chickins or the like with some Spices therein and Egs and Sugar and a little Rose water but not Honey for that increaseth gripings and cawdles with egs wine and spices according to good discretion will do well if they may be A glister against excoriation had and give him if thou see cause a glister if there be fear of excoriations in the guts namely a decoction of Barley or Bran or of Bran onely with Deer suet â„¥ ij let not your decoction be too slimy of the Bran and adde if you can get it the yolk of one egge for egges comfort much and swage pain the yolk of the egge must be well beaten with the decoction by little and little so taken very warm or if the party have gripings in his guts make this glyster following and for want of Bran take a little wheat flowre and with camomile Centaury Worm-wood St. Johns wort or some of these make a decoction adding A glyster for gripâ—ng through Dysentery also Anniseed Fennel Dill â—or Cummin-seeds or the like or some of these at the least adding after the boyling some two or three spoonfuls of Rosasolis or good Aqua-vitae or some strong cordial waters if you see there be cause to comfort and warm and adding also as is said Deer suet â„¥ ii with wax â„¥ ss Another glyster Also glysters of milk and egges onely are very good to swage gripings and pains where they may be had also as is said warm cloths to the belly and fundament applyed are very good and note still that rest procured is a principal help in curing all fluxes Another glyster For excoriations of the guts make a glyster with a decoction of dry Centaury Hipericon Worm-wood or Balm with barly adding of Deer suet â„¥ ij and a little dried Galls in powder or cut in slices or succus acatiae or Cortices granatorum or dried red roses if you have them or Balausties which are flowers of Pomegranats Note what powders so ever you give in glysters let them be exceeding finely powder'd otherwise they are very dangerous fear not to administer an opiat as I have said provided that there be four or five hours distance of time twixt each dose also you may give a dose of Rubarb namely ℈ ii or Ê’ ss parched and powdered fine for so it doth best taken either alone or with Sanguis prunellorum one small spoonful in wine and a little Cinamon water or in any other convenient drink as the prsent state of the sick shall cause thee or for want of wine beer or water you may give the sicke also conserve of roses or quinces after which if cause be to give rhe Laudanum again you may safely do it Furthermore in this case as also in all kind of fluxes fumigations are very good medicines namely sitting over a close stool provided the sick be very warm kept and not too hot to which purpose a well burned brick heat very hot and put under the stool laying two cold bricks under it for burning the stool and then sprinkle often the hot brick with vinegar if the disease be hot or with vinegar and Aqua vitae mixed if it be cold and for want of bricks some great pieces of old iron will serve as it is already rehearsed also a decoction of cinamon or cloves or both together or nutmegs set under the stool that the warm steam of the spices may come up into the body of the patient is very good Note further that where you fear a flux of the belly may follow that you purge not the party with Coloquintida Trochis de Alhandal Agaricum nor Diagredion And remember ever when you give Rubarb that you give cinamon or ginger or anniseeds a little there with which correcteth the flatuous diposition thereof If this disease of the flux shall shew it self to proceed of any contagiousnesse of the aire as sometimes it doth this is certainly the All diseases proceed from God most fearful of the rest for although all diseases have their original from the hand of the Almighty yet then we have all reason to call to our remembrances the words which the Prophet David speaketh God must be sought unto in the Psalmes whither shall I flie from thee O my God when therefore the aire which we are forced to receive into our bodies shall threaten us then if ever it is high time for Chirurgion and patient to cry
a homely medicine but therewith this disease is cured and many other infirmities also but there is a great care to be had to the powdering and well searsing of the same for that it is often full of sharp pieces of bones very dangerous I say therefore this being The putting of it up carefully prepared and applied with warm soft clouts and warmed The Patients help required hands put it up and let the party as it were endeavour to draw in his breath in the doing thereof for it will with ease be brought up and being thus put up into his place it falleth not easily out again the same effect hath burned Harts horn powdred or any other hard bones burned into white powder are very good powder of Gall-apples or Gals is thereto a good medicine strewed on as the former Pomegranate Pils powdred doth the like and Balausties or Sumach is also good being powdred and strewed thereon Also a fomentation A Fomentation very warm of stiptick drying things are good as for example â„ž fresh water heat and quench pieces of iron or steel often therein if it can conveniently be done if not onely faire water a convenient quantity of about a quart boyle therein the quantity of one large Gall put to it a little Allum about Ê’ij a little Succus Acatiae some Ê’ ss or lesse cynamon if it may be had â„¥ ss or pomgranate rinds Ê’ j. if you have them or Baulausties a little and therewith foment well the part and after fomentation let it be very gently put up to his place but French wine or Aligant were better then water for the fomentation Further have a great care that whatsoever you use by way of fomenting A special caution or otherwise each thing be actually very warm you apply or they will endanger him It will likewise not be amisse if you adde a little good Aqua vitae or Rosa solis to your fomentation after it is boyled especially if your decoction be water Bean flowre is also good to strew thereon when you go to put it up but Album Graecum is the best thing you can use Mastick in powder is also a very good medicine to strew thereon use as little force as may be in putting it up and have ever ready a Chaffendish with fire when you go about that work to warm clouts and your hands also And The Patients help very needful and profitable to himself Let the Patient beware if you find it difficult to be reduced let the party be set on his head and hands with his legges abroad and it will help somewhat but beware he stand not so too long but rather let him rest and begin again or kneeling on his knees and elbows is also good onely let him remember that he draw in his breath as I have said for that availeth much and let him not seek to close or draw together his fundament as little as he can till the gut be reduced to his place If upon occasion of the flix you be constrained to use confortative oâ— restringent How to prevent it in the time of the flix afflicting glysters with also your Laudanum you shall not need to fear but it will keep up or if these things help nothing I fear he is hardly to be cured but they have never failed me and so I conclude to the honour of the Almighty concerning this disease Of the Callenture THe Callenture by all my experience or what I can gather from What the Callenture is others is no other thing then a contagious feaver for the most part suddenly assaulting Sea-men sometimes it is with paroxysmes The quality of it sometimes coutinuall and hath fits hot and cold in some and that very violent even to the losse of senses and life also The Causes The causes thereof THe causes thereof are divers as namely the intemperature of the Climate or degree of the world causing an evil habit in the bodies of men when they come into such contagious aires the evil nutriments the Sailers have at Sea strong obstructions the abuse of themselves in diet and customes and divers other reasons too long to insist upon The Signes The signes TO be breife the signes are a strong fever a generall and sudden distemper oft times both of body and mind at one instant or an inclination thereto The Cure THe Cure confisteth chiefly in Cordials Alexipharmacons or preservatives The curation wherein it consisteth that the animall vitall and naturall parts may be defended from the venimous danger of the disease in evacuation and in regiment of diet all these being as suddenly put in practise as time will serve the disease being sudden and fierce in it self An excellent remedy thereunto is a dose of Aurum vitae and sweat upon it also Of Cordials A Cordial pâ—tion for the Callenture A Present Cordial medicine fitting to be given in the Callenture is Venice Treacle or Mithridate ℈ j. London Treacle or Diatesseron Ê’ ss with Syrup Limoniorum â„¥ j. Plantane water or fair water â„¥ iij. oyl of Vitriol six drops or so much as to make the drink tart and one houre or two houres after give him another dose thereof and forthwith also let him have a suppository or glyster given him and so soone as he hath had one stoole therewith let him blood reasonable largely if his strength will beare it let him also have for his diet no other thing for two or three daies but thin broathes pannadies or the like and if it be thought fit to take it after the suppository a glyster were not amisse to be given him namely decoction of March Mallow roots in water adding in the end of the decoction of Saltniter â„¥ iiij of Species HieraeÊ’ij Oleum Sambucae â„¥ ij these will coole him well and cleanse him And if further need of purging be give him a dose of Aquilla Laxativa or Aquilla vitae a dose which in this disease hath been approved very good The Aquilla Laxativa is usually given in â„¥ iij. of Plantane or faire water with Syrupe of Violets or Lemmons â„¥ j. the Aquilla vitae with Conserva Rosarum with Diatesseron Liquorice-powder or alone If you see these courses reasonably put in practise doe not give content I meane the body being open then in the name of God give him a dose of Laudanum you shall find it often to procure perfect health without His ordinary drink what it must be and of what it is made further help For his drink let him have a decoction of French or commou Barley whereunto so much Liquorice or Succus Liquoricae may be added as to make it of a grateful tast as also for the smel a small quantity of Rose or other vineger and Rose water a little and thereto so much oyle of Vitriol as to give it a tast somewhat tart but not too much Syrupe or juyce of Lemmons is also very fitting to be put
all the Sanative Medicines in the Chest according to their several intentions and times sute fitly to finish the cures But say some others the proportions is very much wanting of restrictive or astringent Medicines to stay Fluxes or to amputate upon occasion wherefore to satisfie the young benevolent Surgeon desirous to be informed I answer first that there is Pulvis restringens Mâ—gis a Astringent â—estringent or restrictive Medicine sufficient proportion also Bole Wine Venegar Mirrh Allum Crude Vitriol Vitriol combust Mercury Precipitate sublimate Bean and Barley Meal Gaules Pomgranate Rinds and whites of Egges Besides good Ligature and boulsters ready all which with Iudgement and discretion used I dare say are sufficient and for one instance namely that three pound of the strong restrictive powder is sufficient in quantity for a reasonable Sea-Chest Vpon the 24 of Iuly 1628 I tooke off two members being both legs whereof one above the knee with one ounce and a half of the powder to both and had a fourth part to spare of the made medicine There is also an astringent defensative powder prepared and made ready for use as hereafter followeth And if all what is said with also the help of Phlebotomy ligature actual and potential cauteries will not suffice then I am I confesse mistaken Common practice Note in burnings with Gun-powder that if the face or hand be burned I have found it best from the first to the last namely to the end of the cure to use Vng. Album either mixed with Populeon or with A note in the cure of burnings in the face Linseed Oyle or Vng. Diapomphol is fully as good made into a very thin linament and warme laid on the face with a feather and no clouts at all nor ought else to cover the face this healeth excoriation s or scorchings best or that the Surgeon take Ceruse grown'd in a mortar with linseed oyle and apply it as the former I have approved it to be very good Tripharmac is also very good so used I speak but now of honey for burnings and who shall prove it shall find it safe to take out the fire and after to heale the grief but is somwhat more paineful then some other medicines are it is onely once a day to be applied upon brown paper the paper being first rubbed soft and the Medicine spread thereon and in that manner applyed it healeth without any scarre very quickly Also Mel Saponis and all other medicines appropriate may be applyed upon paper at Sea partly for sparing Linnen Of the knowledg of weights and measures Moreover I find a great weaknesse in younger Surgeons that I have just occasion to question in that their Masters that bred them have not taught them thetrue knowledge of our usual weights and measures but chiefly they fail in their weights which doth bring great danger to their poor patients whose lives hang dangerously in the balance by a grain too much given where the Surgeon knoweth not how many graines are in a scruple or in a dram no nor scarce that there is a weight so called wherefore young Surgeons note as followeth The Physitians Surgeons and Apothecaries have two sorts of weights in use namely Troy-weights which likewise are the Gold-smiths weights and that containeth twelve ounces to the pound and Haber-de pois weights which containeth 16 ounces to the pound and is that common weight which the Grocers and all other trades-men use and indeed which we most use for though my selfe sometimes buy Musks Civet or Amber-greece and other forts of Drugs by Troy-weight yet I dispence and administer all by Haber-de pois which is 16 ounces to the pound so much I will onely for brevity sake speak thereof A pound of Haber-de pois weight hath 16 ounces an ounce hath 8 Drams a Dram hath three scruples a scruple hath twenty graines and by that accompt a dram hath two graines and a full grain of Barley is a reasonable Grain and a pepper Corn or wheat Corn may be used And our measures agreeing with our weights most usual are as followeth a wine Gallon of water containeth 8 pound a pottle 4 pound a quart 2 pound a pint 1 pound and of ordinary sallet oyles 7 pound and a half is accounted a Gallon Of Cataplasmes OF all other necessaries in the Surgeons Chest I confesse my deficiencie there in for I ought to have had dryed hearbes of all sorts fitting some store but I pray you accept of my excuse For at the Edition of this Ex tempâ—re I had Surgeons Chests and parts of Chests 60 at once to prepare and had but ten dayes respit admitted me to make and to fit them all and yet notwithstanding the said Chests contained herbs of divers sorts as also Bean and Barly-meal Linseed Fenugreeke Camomile flowers Cuminseed Fennel seed and divers other things that are helps that way But what shall I say To some foolish contentious vain-glorious persons my best things fall too short for them but to benevolent understanding Artists they can make and find many wayes and helps of fitting things in a Ship and not alwayes charge the Surgeons Chest Viz. If my selfe were at Sea and put to it I would find wast crums of Bisket and I would boyle them in Ship-Beer and with some fat of the Beefe Kettles or of the Porke Kettle I would make up a suppurative Cataplasme and if it had not a fit consistence or body I would deale with the steward for a little Meale or take some of my owne stores and according to my store enrich that with other helps from the Chest And if I need a discutient Cataplasme and the Chest had not to help me to my will being put to it I would as I said make my ground of the Medicine to be of crums of Bisket or of soft bread decocted in Beer adding when it had well sod Vineger and honey a fit quantity these things with other rationall additions according to several occasions doe much comfort the weak patient and also grace the Artist Nam frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora And to put young Surgeons in mind what other Suppurative Medicines are in the Surgeons Chest there are either Unguents Oyles or Emplastick Medicaments divers which my time will not admit me to informe you of though I confesse I should advise young men in their necessities But to be short they shall find Vnguent Basilicon spread thick and applyed to an Apostume doth well help to suppurate and the better if the griefe were first embrocated with some Oleum Liliâ—rum Lini or the like and you shall find that Arceus Linament is right good to suppurate a tumor and likewise Empl. Meliloti and who knoweth not that Ship-pitch and a little fat mixed ripeneth a tumor duly applyed or Pix Graeca with fat or turpentine and divers other the like good things may be found where the discreet Surgeon is put to his shifts But no
at the cost The Recâ—iâ— of it TAke the roots of China cut into small slices â„¥ 3. infuse them 12 hours at the least in five quarts of fair water adding of Burrage and Buglosse of each half a handful of Cloves in number three with a like weight of Cynamon and Mace boyl these gently till one third part be consumed and if you please adde one spoonfull of Rosewater and some little Sugar to make it grateful in taste and also three spoonfuls of juyce of Lemons and in want of juyce of Lemons so much good Wine Vineger you may give the Patient at one time to a quarter of a pinte and he may take of this decoction four The Dose sundry times in a day safely at the least and oftnet if he like it Also remembring that the sick have some other Cordial prepared for him if need be to provoke him to sweat the second or third time and some odoriferous thing in his hand or near at hand by him often to smell unto such as are elsewhere set down or some other of the like nature And in want of China roots take the double part of Sarsaparilla and in want of that a large crust of the best bread of Wheat for the poorer sort this also is good to contemperate the blood after sweating and further it is of ancient Writers esteemed as a very good Cordial medicine to give the party the quantity of a drach or Ê’ i. s of the finest Bolus Armen in a cup of white Wine with half a spoonful of Rose-water and a little Sugar if you please and in want thereof give it in posset drink Moreover if you see occasion and can have them in your posset drinks or distilled water that you use as vehicles or liquors in which you give your medicines you may put the quantity of one or two ounces of syrup of Citrons or of Lemons or of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or of sour Pomegranates also it is very good in every sweat-provoking Cordial drink that you adde oyl of Vitriol three or four drops to a dose but no more for offending yea in all Julips a few drops thereof are both cordial and warrantable and in want thereof in a cooling Julip may be added Sal Prunellae so that the quantity exceed not Ê’ ij per haustum unum Another Julip for the Diseased of the Plague The Receit TAke French Barley or in want thereof English Barley about one good handfull fair conduit water or spring water three quarts boyl the Barley about half an hour in the water and then cast away the water then take about three quarts of water again and of Mace and Cloves of each half a scruple or 20 grains which is a scruple and boyl the said Barley and the rest one hour or more till one third part of the liquor or thereabouts be consumed then clear of this Barley water into a glasse and to each quart of water if it may be had adde of Syrup of Wood-sorrel of Citrons of Limons of Violets or of any one of these â„¥ 3. of Rose water one spoonfull of Wine Vineger two spoonfuls of oyl of Vitriol ten drops and if you can get no syrups at hand use Sugar to make it pleasant of taste and in want of oyl of Vitriol use two more spoonfuls of Wine Vineger A caution in using oyl of Vitriol and note that whensoever you put oyl of Vitriol into any liquor and that you would give it the Patient that you shake the glasse ever when you put our any for the Oyl will fall to the bottom and the last draught will be very dangerous and too sharp to be drunk Against Thirstinesse Divers qualifications of Thirst WAter and Vineger mixed and often held in the mouth and put out again is good juyce of Lemons and water so used letting some part down is also very good also preserved cherries and stew'd Prunes are good to hold in the mouth and to be taken in Quinces or conserve of Barberries or Tamarinds from the East-Indies or it were good the Patient had by him often to suck from a liquorish stick some cordial syrup in a glasse as of Wood-sorrel of Citrons Limons of Violets or syrup of Vineger or of some such like also as is repeated Sal PrunellaeÊ’ ij and some 3 ounces of Plantain or Strawberry water doth well cool thirst and is cordial Against faintings and swounings which happen in the sicknesse Medicines against swounings LEt the sick have something to smell unto that hath Rose-Vineger with a few drops of Rose water in it also give the sick either some Treacle water or some good Bezar or Cynamon water Angelica water or Mint water distilled with wine or a little good Aqua-vitae or a little good claret wine mul'd with a few Cloves Rosemary and Sugar therein any of these are good Cordials or let him hold a Lemon stuck with Cloves as is said in his hand or have some cordial Pomander in his hand and to wet his temples and forehead with Wine Vineger and a little Rosewater mixed where it may be had A good Posset-Drink in the sicknesse if the Disease begin hot MAke an ordinary posset with Ale and Milk purifie it from the curd and boyl gently therein if you desire to have it cooling Sorrel Strawberry leaves Plantain leaves Violet leaves or some of them adding a little Wine vineger and some Sugar and a little Rosewater if you please and this will be a good drink for the Patient to continue with in the time of his sicknesse Also the juyce of Lemons or Oranges wrung into the posset drink is likewise very good and the best of all to make it tart and not over sour therewith is a little oyl of Vitriol for that no medicine is so Oyl of Vitriol precious against the pestilential Feaver as the oyl of Vitriol it being warily administred Another good Posset-Drink to give a sweating Medicine in if the parties sicknesse begin cold MAke a Posset first with Ale and Milk in an ordinary manner unto which adde Marigolds Burrage Buglosse or some of them and gently boyl them in the Drink and to a quart thereof adde of good Sack a quarter of a pint and to a draught of this drink put any cordial medicine to provoke sweat and give it warm if the disease begin cold as is said but if it begin hot leave out the Sack for as I in this book have oft repeated I hold Wine better and safer to give a cordial with Wine the best for preparing a Cordial with in the Plague then any simple water distilled although it were distilled either from Angelica Dragon Centory or Carduus Benedictus A good Cordial Medicine for the poorer sort though it were to women with Child for they may take it softly The Receit TAke Bayberries cleanse the husks and dry them untill they will be made into powder then powder them or for a need grate
pence weight according to their several ages and capacities and also if you can and that you have convenience it is good that you remove the sick Patient sometimes from one Bed to another where convenience means and ability is and that you use sprinkling the Rooms with Wine Vineger sometimes as is said where it may be had Of such Dyet as is fitting for the sick of the Plague to take FIrst note that a very sparing Dyet in general is the most fir if the Patients have full bodies but in this disease commonly all appetite is forgotten with the Patient yet when you find that the danger of death by the disease is over and that the Patient amendeth then good refreshing and nourishing food is best using it sparingly Fitting meats to be eaten by the sick And first for the delicate and they which may have it let them in the Name of God eat Pheasant Partridge Quail Chickens Rabbits Capons Veal Lamb or Mutton any of these are very good taken with moderation And so are all field-Birds which are used to be eaten excepting those which live upon the Water as the Swan Unfitting meats Goose Duck Plover Wigion c. Also generally the most kind of fresh-Water Fish may well be eaten of except the Eel the Tench Meats forbidden and the Salmon Playce Flounders Whitings Soles Smelts and such like are good moderately taken also Pearch Roch Stone Gudgeons Breames Trouts Fresh Beefe and Pork are excepted against and I think it fit to avoid it where there is no want of other things But on the contrary where there is scarcity let thy ability be thy guide and in the Name of God in want of others let none be so unwise to refuse Beef nor the Broth or pottage thereof for experience sufficiently approveth them good neither egges poached nor soft sodden no nor Bread and Butter when their stomachs will bear it for these all nourish well very moderately taken And remember that if your Patient begin to amend of his disease and that his appetite grow deny him not competent food in a sparing manner and let him have as neer as may be that which is of light digestion and not too much at once but give it him often For understand that after once the masse of blood hath been corrupted and that Nature by Gods mercy with the help of good meanes hath again gotten the upper hand the body will require good nourishment and often to be supplyed The use of Verjuyce is very wholesome in the disease with Meats and also in Possets where inward heat is and thirst withal but not where cold is and the use of Goose-berries of unripe grapes Preserved Cherries Prunes sowre Pomegranates and the like are very good as is else-where mentioned and no lesse good is the use of Oranges Lemons Pome-Citrons and Pomegranates The cure of Angina Mendosa or a false Squinancy being a species of a contagious touch happening when the Plague reigneth Being a pain in the Neck or lower parts of Gula or of the Muscles of the Neck and Throat in which sicknesse there is generally small or no External nor Internal appearance although there sometime is in both and therefore is called Angina Mendosa Phlebotomy needful MAny begin the disease of the Plague with the aforesaid complaint for which one good remedy is Phlebotomy at the first not under the tongue onely in that case for that if you do it sufficeth not in so fierce a disease but that you must also be forced to open a vein in the arm Wherefore let the Surgeon if he be urged thereunto take the fullest vein of the arm of that side which the pain or complaint inclineth most unto but concerning general evacuation by Phlebotomy in Pestilential Feavours never do it when any indication of a Crisis by the disease appeareth for fear of offence and if so be that one side suffer not more then another then take it on the right arm and take a reasonable good quantity of blood namely from The quantity of blood to be taken a man 6 or 8 ounces or ten ounces not more for fear of dejecting the spirits and a lesser proportion to a weaker Patient and make a reasonable large orifice which in such a case is best and if after apparent need be which seldome is open the veines under the tongue but howsoever I would begin with the arm And for a Gargarisme use Barley water with Diamoroâ— and a little Ordering of â—argarismes of Syrup of Vineger or a little Sal-niter is very good and for outward application take a small handful of Camomil flowers of clean ashes of wood without coales or drosse a handful and a few Rose leaves and two spoonfuls of oyl of Roses with as much of wine Vineger boyl it with small beer into a Cataplasme and very warm apply it and shift it morning and evening if the rose leaves be not to be had or the Camomil flowers use Elder leaves in place it will do well and ordinary oyl or butter for a need will serve where oyl of Roses is wanting or the old Medicine of Mel and Album Graecum with a little Vineger mixed is right good and the next morning after Phlebotomy give the patient a Diaphoretick of Aurum Vitae eight graines and appoint him to sweat four houres and no doubt but the disease will be therewith soon at an end Of the use of Phlebotomy in the aforesaid disease I have had experience oftentimes this yeere and even upon my own Son who being in a violent burning Feavour with an Angina Mendosa and being very unwilling to be let blood under the tongue first for fear of losse of time I caused to give him a suppofitory then after within â—three houres I gave him a Cordial Diaphoretick Gr. 8. of Aurum vitae which he did sweat upon for three or almost four houres very plentifully and was somewhat revived and reasonable chearful neverthelesse he still finding a great fulnesse of blood entreated me to open a vein for him in the Arm the which I did and took from him as I conceived ten ounces of blood he being of a full able body and about twenty yeeres of age and without any more medicines or time of complaint by Gods mercy he came to his perfect health again the second day from the beginning of his desease And I may truly to Gods glory affirm that in this yeere 1638 I have cured very many of Feavours with also complaints of swellings in their throats meerly by that Diaphoretick of Gold of my own practice called Aurum vitae and that with onely one dose given and no more and the parties became thereby perfectly whole the very next day without the taking any other Medicine and by the same medicine and onely by the once giving I also have healed very many of the Plague in one day whereof some had risings of tumours which by their once sweating spent without further
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have
proceeded by inanition that case is pitiful and the cure very doubtful but neverthelesse where it so falleth out all nutritive and comfortative remedies are to be appointed as namely if it proceed of cold either in frost or by want of due and sufficient food consideration is to be had by adding warmth of food and rayment with cordial and comfortive remedies also the Artist must truly inform himself whether this disease be a Gangrene or a Sphacelus whether a partial or a total privation and mortification with the utter losse of the sense of the fleshy and nervous parts and if he find sense in the parts there is life and hope Rulis to be observed if the Gangrene is caused by venomous diseases But suppose a Gangrene proceeds of a venomous cause as many times it doth and namely in time of contagion as of Carbuncles in the Plague the small Pox or by other malignant Feavers when as the Artist may neither purge his Patient nor open a vein safely but with fear except he may be well warranted either by good and grave advice of the expert where such may be had in want of which the Artist ought to search by authority of the most ancient Writers that he can come at for the avoiding of the eminent danger of death to ensue upon his Patient and to go warily in the want of better advice What to be observed if it be caused by fulnessâ— viz. If the grief proceed of fulnesse which seldome it doth at Sea or in Camps then his first rule in Art must be as is said that a thin dyet and cooling be prescribed his Patient and that he be admitted no wine nor strong drink also that he may be appointed some cooling Julep to be made him namely if the Patient be in Ship or Camp he is there confined and constrained to the Surgeons Chest and then let the Surgeon examine his provisions and if he find he have any cooling waters and Syrups fitting thereunto he may proceed to take as followeth A receit to be administred to the Gangrenated â„ž Aq. Lactuc Acetos Endiviae Buglos Borag Frag. Plantag Lujulae or some one or more of the most fitting aforesaid waters viz. â„ž Aq. Lujula 2 l. Syr. Limon vel Violar â„¥ ij Ol. Vuriâ—l gut 12. The Dose of it Misce give the Patient every two or three hours two or three spoonfuls hereof the glasse being ever shaken when it is poured out and if he hath not been at stool that day in which he is to take the Julep you may give him a Supposiâ—ory and having had one stool give him a The Receit of a Diaphoretick Diaphoretick viz. â„ž Aurum vitae gr 8. or Mithridat Ê’ 1. Elect. de Ovo ℈ 1. Confect Alcherm ℈ ss Ol. Vitriol gut 4. in Aq. Borag Lujulae Acetes vel Buglos viz. of any one of these â„¥ 4. with Syr. Limon Citri Lujulae The order of the applying of it Violar or some of them Misce fiat haustus give it the Patient being laid warm in bed and cover him warm and provoke him to sweat gently and as you find his strength continue his sweating for an hour two hours or more which done keep him in a moysture one other hour at the least which ended let him cool and dry paulatim and warily and having so done and refreshed himself till four or five hours ended then you may if you see cause give him the like Cordial again and proceed again as before to sweat him the second time and give him 8. grains of Aurum vitae â—or a Diaphoretick which done you may then admit him rest and respite again for a fitting time wherein you may advise what further is requâ—site to be done in which time not omitting in any case both before his laying down to sweat and after as also betwixt his sweating ever to apply all fitting topical helps viz. by scarifications and hot fomentations of some good lixivium such as aftrr the taking off members in the mortified place hereafter are described Thus much in brief of the Gangrena A Definition of Sphacelus and the cure thereof from some ancient Writers to shew the Reader their opinions and judgments thereof for that some Artists have grounded their judgments that their relations are according to good practice and therefore are to be imitated A Sphacelus saith Falopius and likewise Fabritius is an affect of a part already utterly mortified and therefore not to be cured but by amputation that the whole body come not to corruption thereby Extremum genus morbi requirit extrema remedia and this abscission is not done without great danger of death for often even in the instant act of amputation the Patient dyeth by the profusion of blood and spirits wherefore the strength of the sick is to be considered and Cornelius Celsus alledgeth Cap. 25. The opinion of Celsus concerning Sphacelus lib. 5. that in his time they used to take off the Sphacelated member by cutting the flesh round about unto the bone in the whole part near the rotten or sphacelated part and cutting ever in the live flesh not leaving any of the mortified flesh untaken away further Celsus say Another way of amputation they doth admonish us in this work that the skin and also the flesh be brought and drawn upwards that the bone may be the better covered by some of the said part in the healing of the stump but the same Authour confesseth also that by such abscission causing exceeding pain with over-large effusion of blood and spirits death usually followeth therefore to avoid hemorrage they must presently use actual Cauteries to burn the parts adjacent in which may be conjectured how cruel that course is to the Patient and uncomfortable and prepare the upper part thick enough to be a firm cover to the vessels But after himself not approving that course he saith that he took another way of curing which as he said happily succeeded by which work no profusion of blood hapned because no blood floweth from a mortified part neither is grief moved therein but lest the corruption should spread it self further saith the said Authour I burned the putrefied part remaining every where with red-hot Irons that were heavy and well burnt untill the Patient did feel the heat of the fire and that he suffered some small pain and the rather they did it they write because the same operation is very profitable and therefore burned ever some of the sound flesh also because the putrefaction is best to be drawn out by a red-hot Iron as I suppose saith he which is apparent to the eye for the humours are apparently seen to boyl about the Iron and likewise the weaknesse of the parts considered by burning it is fortified the adjacent parts being freed from many noxious humours thereby so that the weak part receiveth strength and within a few dayes begins to separate the living from the dead part and