for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in rose-Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a yeare
but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becommeth very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectuall both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubarbe with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the comming of the pestilent Aire as also this composition following Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Buglosse of each three drammes of Citron seeds halfe an ounce of Annise seeds and Fennell seeds of each one dram of Angelica roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a Confection and cover it with leaves of Gold and take a little of it out of a spoone before you goe abroad every morning Or take of Pine-Apple kernels and Fistick nuts infused for the space of sixe hours in the water of Scabious and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters halfe a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram and a halfe of Angelica roots foure scruples make them according to art unto the forme of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectuall in such a ease Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentill Valerian Elecampaine Eringoes of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrell seeds and Zedoarie of each one scruple of the Species of the Electuarie Diamargariton Frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Buglosse preserved Citron pils Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine sugar dissolved in Scabious and Carduus water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat The pils of Ruffus are accounted most effectuall preservatives so that Ruffus himselfe saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes halfe a dram of Gumme Ammoniacum two drammes of Myrrhe two drams and an halfe of Masticke two drams of Saffron seven graines Put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrupe of Lemons and make thereof a masse and let it bee kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat let him drinke the water of Sorrell after it which through its tartnesse and the thinnesse of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrell being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtfull And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pils Aloes doth cleanse and purge Myrrhe resists putrefaction Mastick strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that governe the body especially the vitall and animall Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrhe halfe an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarbe in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Masticke one dram and a half of Citron seeds twelve grains Powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a masse with the syrupe of Maiden-haire Let it be used as afore-said If the masse begin to waxe hard the pils that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrupe of Lemons Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrhe half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoarie red Saunders of each one dram of bole Armenick prepared two drams of red Coral half an ounce of Camphire halfe a scruple make thereof pils according to Art But those that are subject or apt to the haemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldome to use those kindes of pils that doe receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasell Nut of the preservative following and dranke a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stâ—ng by some venemous beast and for this onely because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with child the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawne away from the child Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of locall medicines to be applied outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to bee neglected to bee applied outwardly or carried in the hand And such are all aromaticall astringent or spirituous things which therfore are endued with vertue to repell the venemous and pestiferous aire from comming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and the braine Of this kind are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worme-wood Cloves Nutmegs Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must bee macerated one night in sharpe Vinegar and Aquavitae and then tyed in a knot as bigge as an egge or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous vertue and strength of aromaticke things than a sponge Wherefore it is of principall use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithemes and Fomentations to the heart Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the yeere and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equall parts of Vinegar of Roses and Rose water into which you must dippe a sponge which rowled in a faire linnen cloath you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Wormewood halfe a handfull ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drammes of Vinegar and Rose water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme beat and mixe them all well together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above-said They may also bee enclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or Cypresse and so
potus Let him take it in the morning for foure or five dayes In steed hereof you may make a potion of one dramme of Sperma ceti dissolved in buglosse or some other of the waters formerly mentioned and halfe an ounce of syrupe of Maiden-haire if the disease yeeld not at all to these formerly prescribed medicines it will be good to give the patient for nine dayes three or foure houres before meate some of the following powder â„ž rhei torrefacti rad rub majoris centaurei gentianae aristolo rotundae an â„¥ ss give Ê’j heereof with syrupe of Venegar and Carduus water They say that the water of greene Walnuts distilled by an Alembicke is good to dissolve congealed and knotted blood Also you may use bathes made of the decoction of the rootes of Orris Elecampane Sorrell Fennell Marsh-mallowes Water-ferne or Osmund the waterman the greater Comfery the seeds of Faenugreeke the leaves of Sage Marjerome the floures of Camaemile Melilore and the like For a warme bath hath power to rarifie the skin to dissolved the clotted blood by cutting the tough mitigating the acride humors by calling them forth into the surface of the body and relaxing the passages thereof so that the rebellious qualities being orecome there ensues an easie evacuation of the matter by vomit or expectoration if it flote in the stomacke or be conteined in the chest but by stoole Vrine if it lye in the lower parts by sweates and transpiration if it lye next under the skin Wherefore bathes are good for those who have a Peripneumonia or inflammation of their Lunges or a Pleurisie according to the minde of Hippocrates if so be that they be used when the feaver begins to be asswaged for so they mitigate paine helpe forwards suppuration and hasten the spitting up of the purulent matter But we would not have the patient enter into the bath unlesse he have first used generall remedies as blood-letting and purging for otherwise there will be no small danger least the humors diffused by the heate of the bath cause a new defluxion into the parts affected Wherefore doe not thou by any meanes attempt to use this or the like remedy having not first had the advice of a Physition CHAP. III. How we must handle Contusions when they are joyned with a wound EVery great Contusion forthwith requires blood-letting or purging or both and these either for evacuation or revulsion For thus Hippocrates in a contusion of the Heele gives a vomitory potion the same day or else the next day after the heele is broken And then if the Contusion have a wound associating it the defluxion must be stayed at the beginning with an oyntment made of Bole Armenicke the whites of egges and oyle of roses and smyrtles with the pouders of red roses Allome and mastich At the second dressing apply a digestive made of the yoalke of an egge oyle of violets and Turpentine This folfowing Cataplasme shal be applyed to the neare parts to help forwards suppuration â„ž rad althae lilio an â„¥ iiij sol malv. violar senecionis an M. ss coquantur complete passentur per setaceum addendo butyrirecentis olei viol an â„¥ iij. farinae volatilis quant sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis liquidae Yet have a care in using of Cataplasmes that you do not too much exceede for too frequent and immoderate use of them makes wounds plegmonous sordide and putride Wherefore the wound after it is come to suppuration must be cleansed filled with flesh and cicatrized unlesse haply the contused flesh shall be very much torne so that the native heate forsake it for then it must be cut away But if there be any hope to agglutinate it let it be sowed and other things performed according to Art but the stitches must not be made so close together as when the wound is simple and without contusion for such wounds are easily inflamed and swell up which would occasion either the breaking of the thred or flesh or tearing of the skinne CHAP. IV. Of these Contusions which are without a wound IF the skinne being whole and not hurt as farre as can be discerned the flesh which lyes under it be contused and the blood poured forth under the skin make an Ecchymosis then the patient must be governed according to Art untill the maligne symptomes which commonly happen be no more to be feared Wherfore in the beginning draw blood on the opposite side both for evacuation and revulsion The contused part shall be scarified with equall scarifications then shall you apply cupping-glasses or hornes both for evacuation of the blood which causes the tumor and Tension in the part as also to ventilate and refrigerate the heate of the part least it turne into an Abscesse Neither must we in the meane while omit gentle purging of the belly The first topicke medicines ought to bee astrictives which must lye some short while upon the part that so the Veines and Arteries may be as it were straitned and closed up and so the defluxion hindred as also that the part it selfe may be strengthened This may be the forme of such a remedy â„ž Albumina everum nu iij. olei myrtini rosacei an â„¥ j. boli armeni sanguin dracon an â„¥ ss nucum cupress gallarum pul aluminis usti an Ê’ij incorporentur omnia addendo aceti parum fiat medicamentum Then you shall resolve it with a fomentation Cataplasme and discussing emplaisters CHAP. V. By what meanes the contused part may be freed from the feare and imminent danger of a Gangreene GReat Contusions are dangerous even for this cause for that a Gangreene and mortification sometimes followes them which Hippocrates teacheth to happen when as the affected part is growne very hard and liquide Wherefore when the part growes livide and blacke and the native colour thereof by reason of the affluxe of the concreate blood is almost extinct chiefely to ease the part of that burden cupping glasses and hornes shall be applyed to the part it selfe being first scarified with a Lancet or else the following Instrument termed a Scarificator which hath 18 little wheeles sharpe and cutting like a razour which may be straitened and slacked by the pins noted by D. and P. This instrument is to be commended for that it performes the operation quickly and gently for it makes 18 incisiones in the space that you make one with a Lancet or knife A Scarificator A. Shewes the cover B. The Boxe or Case Then shall you foment the part with strong Venegar wherein the roootes of radish or of Dragons Cuckow-pint Saelomons Seale Auripigmentum and the like have beene boyled for such acride things doe powerfully heat resolve and draw the concreate blood from the inner part of the body unto the skinne which by its setling in the part affected prohibits the entrance of the vitall spirits
carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carried than Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Saunders Mace Citron pills Rose and Mirtle leaves of each two drammes of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each halfe a dramme of Cinamon and Saffron of each two Scruples of Camphire and Amber Greece of each one scruple of Muske three graines Make thereof a Pomander with Rose water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red Rose leaves the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Saunders Coriander seeds Citron pills of each halfe an ounce of Camphire one dramme let them all bee made into pouder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the winter it is to be made thus take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a Scruple of Cloves Lavander and Cyperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i. Flower-de-Luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber Greece three drams of gum Tragacanth dissolved in Rose water Aquavitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet pouders made of Amber Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoine Muske Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjoram such like of which being mixed together Pouders may be compounded made Take of the rootes of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus red Roses of each halfe an ounce of Cloves halfe a dramme of Storax one dramme of Muske eight graines mixe them and make a pouder for a bagge or take the rootes of Orris two ounces red Rose leaves white Saunders Storax of each one ounce of Cyperus one dram of Calamus Aromaticus one ounce of Marjoram halfe an ounce of Cloves three drammes of Lavander halfe a dramme of Coriander seedes two drammes of good Muske halfe a scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinamon of each two drammes Make thereof a fine pouder and few it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart a bagge filled with yellow Saunders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinckled over with strong vinegar and Rose water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskedine in the Winter These sweet Aromaticke things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principall parts of the body and to stirre up the expulsive faculty to expell the poyson Contrarie-wise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsaile such as are in a pestilent constitution of the aire to receive and take in the stinking and unsavoury vapours of sinkes and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper Bay berries the roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth hindereth putrefaction because it is cold dry therfore in this inanimate bodies as flesh Herbes fruits and many other such like things may be kept a long time without putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldnesse if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtle parts and the spices boyled in it have vertue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtfull to wash his whole body therewith let him wash onely his arme-holes the region of his heart his temples groines parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principall and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following unguent Take oyle of Roses four ounces oyle of Spike two ounces of the pouder of Cinamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of Benzoin halfe an ounce of Muske sixe graines of Treacle halfe a dramme of Venice Turpentine one dramme and a halfe of Waxe as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft unguent You may also drop a few drops of oile of Mastick of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the eares with a little Civet or Muske CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in feare of the Plague VENERY is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakened A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excesse in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very carefull that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custome they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humours into their society Such as have fistulous or otherwise old ulcers must not heale them up in a pestilent season for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sinke of the humors of the body may be emptied The Haemorrhoids bleedings other the like accustomed evacuations must not be stopped unlesse they exceed measure Moreover they must at such times take heed that they touch or handle not any of these things wherein the seedes or fuell of the pestilence may lye hid such as are hempe flaxe quilts and coverings wherein such as have had the plague have laid skins and all leathern things hangings and cloaths You must dwell farre from church-yards especially from those wherein the corps of such as have died of the plague are not buried deep in the ground as in the church of the Innocents in Paris in which place by the same reason it sundry times happens that the buried bodies are plucked up rent and torne by dogs Also let them dwell farre from places of execution shambles of flesh and fish from tanne-houses diers tallow-chandlers cloth-dressers farriers skinners and from the places wherein metals are cast or wrought The filth and dung especially of Swine Privies standing and muddy waters and lastly all things of the like evill smell must be farre remote from your habitation the belly must not bee emptied into those places into which the excrements of such as have the plague are cast The company of such as usually visite those sicke of the plague must be eschewed as of Physitians Apothecaries Surgeons Nurse-Keepers Grave-makers and Bearers For though they have not the plague
the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the Floor or ground of the chamber must bee sprinkled or watered with vinegar and water or strowed with the branches of vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillyes or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of summer hee must abstaine from Fumigations that doe smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they encrease the paine If the patient could goe to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the Bed with thicke or course linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat browne because much and great whitenesse doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth encrease the paine of the head for which cause also the Chamber ought not to bee very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to bee fiers and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits Sweet fiers may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rinde of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin gum Arabick Orris roots Mirrhe grossely beaten together and layd on the burning coals put into a chafing dish Truely the breath or smoake of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt The vertue of the Ash-tree against venome is so great as Pliny testifieth that a serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shaddow of any thing is most great and long but she will runne from it I my selfe have proved that if a circle or compasse bee made with the boughes of an Ash-tree and a fier made in the midst thereof and a serpent put within the compasse of the boughs that the serpent will rather runne into the fire than through the Ash boughes There is also another meanes to correct the Aire You may sprinkle vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay berries Juniper berries Cyperus nuts such like on stones or bricks made red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapour thereof Also fumigations may bee made of some matter that is more grosse and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Ladanum Myrrhe Masticke Rosine Turpentine Storax Olibanum Benzoin Bay berries Juniper berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjoram stamped together and such like Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of waxe or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vinegar of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwaies to be ready at the patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animall spirits may be recreated and strengthened The water following is very effectuall for this matter Take of Orris foure ounces of Zedoarie Spikenard of each sixe drammes of Storax Benzoin Cinamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of old Treacle halfe an ounce bruise them into a grosse pouder and macerate them for the space of twelve houres in foure pound of white and strong wine then distill them in a Limbeck of glasse on hot ashes and in the distilled liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tyed in a linnen cloath or closed in a boxe and so often put unto the nostrills Or take of the vinegar and water of roses of each foure ounces of Camphire sixe graines of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a viall of glasse which the patient may often put unto his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose leaves two pugils of Orris halfe an ounce of Calamus Aromaticus Cynamon Cloves of each two drammes of Storax and Benzoin of each one dramme and a halfe of Cyperus halfe a dramme beat them into a grosse pouder make thereof a Nodula betweene two pieces of Cambricke or Lawne of the bignesse of an hand-ball then let it bee moistened in eight ounces of Rose water and two ounces of Rose vinegar and let the patient smell unto it often These things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Muske nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Feavers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose water vinegar of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of diet in a pestilent disease ought to bee cooling and drying not slender but somewhat full Because by this kinde of disease there commeth wasting of the spirits and exolution of the faculties which inferreth often swouning therefore that losse must be repaired as soone as may be with more quantity of meates that are of easie concoction and digestion Therfore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomacke and fed well dyed Sweet grosse moist and clammy meates and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtle parts are to be avoyded for the sweet do easily take fire and are soone enflamed the moist will putrefie the grosse and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtle parts over-much attenuate the humours and enflame them and doe stirre up hot and sharp vapours into the braine whereof commeth a Feaver Therefore wee must eschew Garlike Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kind of Pulse must also be avoided because they engender grosse winds which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwayes to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this bee their order of diet let their bread bee of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them bee fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested may engender much laudable juice and very little excrementall as are the flesh of Wether-lambs Kids Leverets Pullets Pattridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quailes Blacke-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hennes Pheasants and such like avoyding water-Fowles Let the Flesh be moistened in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Cytrons tart Pomegranates Barberries Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden wild sorrell for all these sowre things are very wholesome in this kinde of disease for they doe
from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specificke property it defends the heart from poyson as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve keep the heart the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poyson in their whole substance but also because they drive and expell it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scowring and such other kinds of evacuations The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may bee sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantitie than needeth lest it should overthow our nature for whose preservation onely it is used therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at severall times that some portion thereof may daily bee used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venome as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being therto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carryed unto another There are other absolute poisonous which neverthelesse are Antidotes one unto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the prick of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hot and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feaver But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feaver as in the Pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feaver but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire syrupe of Lemons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are stong you may give halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dram The patient ought to walke presently after that hee hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as hee can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to bee infected doe not cease to course and run up and downe untill they have no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many clothes warm brick-bats or tiles applyed to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groines and arme-holes to provoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humours in the Feaver and also to drive forth the malignity in the Pestilence although every sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that hee saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast yet neverthelesse shee died This potion following will provoke sweate Take the roots of China shaved in thinne pieces one ounce and halfe of Guajacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica roots two drams of the shaving of Hats-horne one ounce of Juniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that wil contain sixe quarts put thereto foure quarts of running or river water that is pure and cleare macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae untill the halfe bee consumed which will bee done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leaves of Dictamnus the roots of Tormentill Betony of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in rose-Rose-water or the water of wild sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seeds and Divels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Juniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of bole Armenick one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a vial of glasse wel covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the Treacle and cordiall water formerly prescribed are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrell sixe handfuls of Rue one handfull dry them macerate them in vinegar for the space of foure and twenty houres adding thereto foure ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee kept
are more weake halfe a dram It is better to give the infusion in a decoction than in substance for being elected and prepared truly into Trochises it may be called a most divine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praysed by the experience of many but because I know the use thereof is condemned by the councell and decree of the School of Physicians at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweats are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous Ayre among whom the efficacy of that which followeth hath beene proved to the great good of many in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germany as Matthias Rodler Chancellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified unto me by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye with foure pints of water then they doe set it over the fire and boyle it in a vessell of earth well leaded untill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling unto the bottome like unto salt whereof they make Trochisces of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolve one or two of those Trochisces according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and give it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that hee hath drunke it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bed and there sweat him two or three houres and then he will vomit and his belly will bee loosed as if hee had taken Antimony and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedy betimes and before the disease went unto their heart as I my selfe have proved in some that were sicke at Paris with most happy successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physicians being taken and applyed inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I have heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physician of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoves drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approved remedie against the Pestilence as he and many other have often found by experience For the plague is no other thing but a very great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoves being melted by the sun and force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken will performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolve a little weight of the seed of Rue being bruised in Muskadine with the quantity of a Beane of Treacle and so drinke it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaves or tops of Broome in halfe a pint of white wine and so give it to the patient to drinke to cause him to vomit loose his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they bind broome above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venome from going any nearer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampaine Gentian Tormentill Kermes berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe a dram they doe bruise and beate all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twenty houres in white wine and Aqua vitae on the warm embers and then straine it and give the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poyson and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Bean dissolve them in white wine and a little Aqua vitae and let the patient drinke it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vinegar under the embers and then straine it and mixe the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or any other cordiall thing and with strong wine and give the patient to drinke thereof to provoke sweat and to repell the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a big Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little Aqua vitae then straine it and give the patient thereof to drink There be some that doe drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vinegar and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Wall-nuts and then by much walking doe unburthen their stomack and belly upwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dryed leaves of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunke is thought to bee a most soveraigne medicine to provoke sweat loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Mathiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuary de Gommis will drive away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit looseness of the belly sweat one dram of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolved in rose-Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oyle of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poyson by vomit therewithall they anoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrests of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and wel exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but onely move the humours whereby commeth a Feaver When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomack and withhold the agitation or working of the humours and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignity be carryed into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that cover it which inflammation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgement and sometimes-the memory according to the situation of the inflammation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fiery rednesse of the eyes and face and heavinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with
Clisters and with opening the Cephalicke veine in the arme the arteries of the temples must be opened taking so much bloud out of them as the greatnesse of the Symptomes and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening of an arterie will close and joyne together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of a veine And of such an incision of an artery commeth present helpe by reason that the tensive and sharpe vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious bloud It were also very good to provoke a fluxe of bloud at the nose if nature be apt to exoneâ—ate herselfe that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or bloud flow out at the nostrils mouth or eares it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or picking of the inner sides of the nostrils by pricking with an horse haire and long holding downe of the head The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby hee was freed of a pestilent Feaver which he had before a great sweat rising therewithall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the bloud doe flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands armes and legges must be tyed with bands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arme-holes cupping-glasses must be applyed unto the dugges the region of the liver and spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doune of the willow tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the haires pluckt from the flanke belly or throat of a Hare bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantain and Knot-grasse mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a coole place But if the pain bee nothing mitigated not withstanding all these fluxes of bloud we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose formes are these Take of green Lettuce one handfull flowers of water Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white Poppy bruised of the foure cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisons of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and an halfe of Diacodion make thereof a large potion to be given when they goe to rest Also a Barly-creame may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrell of each two ounces adding thereto sixe or eight graines of Opium of the foure cold seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each halfe an ounce and let the same be boyled in broths with Lettuce and Purslaine also the Pils de Cynoglosso id est Hounds tongue may be given Clisters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water halfe a pinte oyle of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantaine and Purslaine or rather of their juices three ounces of Camphire seven graines and the whites of three egges make thereof a Clister The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the haire being first shaven away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheepes lungs taken warme out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warme Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applyed to the neck and shoulder-blades The armes and legs must be strongly bound being first wel rubbed to divert the sharpe vapours and humours from the head Frontals may also bee made on this manner Take of the oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oyle of Poppy halfe an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram mixe them together Also Nodules may bee made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrakes beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applyed to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasmes also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince seeds extracted in Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meale foure ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each halfe an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and Purslaine of each two ounces of the water and vinegar of Roses of each three ounces make thereof a Cataplasme and apply it warme unto the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce water-Lillies Henbane Purslaine of each half a pint of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each halfe an ounce oyle of Roses three ounces of Vinegar two ounces of Barly-meale as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid Pultis When the heate of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflammation of the braine asswaged wee must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in paine of the head they doe use to bind the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must bee avoyded CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidnies THe heat of the kidnies is tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galen newly made adding therto the whites of egs wel beaten that so the ointment may keep moyst the longer let this liniment bee renewed every quarter of an houre wiping away the reliques of the old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss sucti plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii aceti ros â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have anointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like cold herbs then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate wrung out againe and often changed the patient shall not lye upon a feather bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaffe of oates or upon a matte with many doubled clothes or Chamelet spread thereon To the region of the heart may in the meane time bee applyed a refrigerating and alexiteriall medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nenupharini â„¥ ii aceti ros aquaerosar an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed together make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth may be applyed to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriacae opt Ê’i ss succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ ss caphurae croci an gra iiii let them bee all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewre or cocke with
dissolved in rose water vinegar of roses and a little aqua vitae that so nature may bee strengthened against the malignity of the venome When the children are weaned and somewhat well growne they may take medicines by the mouth for when they are able to concoct and turne into bloud meats that are more grosse and firm than milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve graines of treacle dissolved with a little of the syrupe of succory in some cordiall water or the broth of a capon unlesse that any had rather give it with conserve of roses in forme of a bole but treacle must bee given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humours it inferre a feaver Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a capon seasoned with sorrell lettuce purslaine and cooling seeds adding thereto bole armenick and terra sigillata of each one ounce being tyed in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For bole armenicke whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this vertue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it cureth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may bee cured by physick so that those that cannot be cured with bole armenick cannot bee preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warme moist and vaporous they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of parsly seeds prunes figs and the roots of sorrell with a little of the powder of Harts horne or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply spunges dipped pressed out in the hot decoction of sage rosemary lavender bayes chamomil melilote and mallowes or else swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction to the arme-holes and to the groines In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to coole them Also let a nodule of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses bee appled to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftentimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venome being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet cordiall things applyed to the nostrils nature must bee recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may bee better able to expell the venome After that the sweat is wiped away it is very profitable to take a potion of conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts horne or of Ivorie dissolved in the waters of Buglosse and Sorrel the better to coole and defend the heart If there appeare any tumour under the arme-holes or in the groine let it bee brought to maturation with a mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or Cataplasme alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the tender age of the infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubarbe in powder one dram infuse it in the water of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrupe of Roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the cure of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Feaver as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my selfe by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortall men injoy the true and certaine preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The End of the Twentie second Booke OF THE MEANES AND MANNER TO REPAIRE OR SUPPLY THE NATURALL or accidentall defects or wants in mans body THE TWENTIE THIRD BOOKE CHAP. I. How the losse of the naturall or true eye may bee covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Bookes of tumours wounds ulcers fractures and luxations by what meanes things dissolved and dislocated might bee united things united separated and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remaines that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgian which is to supply or repaire those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by an inflammation any mans eye happen to be broken or put out the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroak or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eye yet you may cover the deformity of the eye so lost which is all you can doe in such a case by this meanes If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eye artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightnesse or gemmie decencie of the naturall eye into the place of the eye that is so lost The formes of eyes artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other meanes cannot weare this eye so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiar of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eare-wiars made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behinde above the eare unto the greater corner of the eye this rod or wiar must be covered with silke and it must also be somewhat broad at both the ends lest that the sharpenesse thereof should pierce or pricke any part that it commeth unto But that end wherewith the empty hollownesse must be covered ought to bee broader than the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eye that is lost may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a string or wiar The forme of an iron wiar wherewith the deformity of an eye that is lost may bee shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what meanes a part of the nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole nose is cut off from the face or
which followes a cooling of the habite of the whole body yea and many by meanes of Phlebotomy have their bellye 's loosed and sweate both which are much to be desired in this kinde of Feaver This moved the ancient Physitions to write that we must draw blood in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their blood it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much blood at severall times as the greatnesse of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may beare When you have drawne blood forthwith inject an emollient and refrigerative clyster lest that the veines emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these clysters which coole too much rather bindethe belly than loose it The following day the Morbiâ—icke matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrupes which have not onely a refrigerative quality but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrupe of Lemmons Berberries of the Iujce of Citrons of Pomgranats Sorrell and Vineger let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heate much debilitated by drawing of a great quantity of blood cannot equall a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with chicken and veale brothes made with cooling herbes as Sorrell Lettuce and Purslaine Let his drinke be Baâ—ly water Syrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boiled water Iulepum Alexandrinum especially if he be troubled with scouring oâ— laske But the Physition must cheifly have regard to the fourth day for if then there appeare any signes of concoction in the excrements the Crisis must be expected on the seventh day and that either by a loosenesse of the belly or an aboundance of urine by vomits sweats or bleeding Therefore we must then doe nothing but commit the whole businesse to nature But for drinking cold water which is so much commended by Galen in this kinde of Feaver it is not to be suffered beforethere appeare signes of concoction moreover in the declining of the disease the use of wine will not be unprofitable to helpe forwards sweats CHAP. XII Of an Erysipelas or Inflammation HAving declared the cure of a Phlegmon caused by laudable blood wee must now treate of these tumors which acknowledge Choler the materiall cause of their generation by reason of that affinity which interceeds betweene Choler and Blood Therefore the tumors caussed by naturall Choler are called Erysipelata or Inflammations these conteine a great heate in them which cheifly possesses the skin as also oftentimes some portion of the flesh lying under it For they are made by most thin and subtle blood which upon any occasion of inflammation easily becomes cholericke or by blood and choler hotter than is requisit and sometimes of choler mixed with an acride serous humor That which is made by sincere and pure choler is called by Galen a true and perfect Erysipelas But there arise three differences of Erysipelaes by the admixture of choler with the three other kinds of humors For if it being predominant be mixed with blood it shall be termed Erysipelas Phlegmonodes if with phlegme Erysipelas oedematodes if with Melancholy Erysipelas Sâ—irrhodes So that the former and substantive word shewes the humor bearing dominion but the latter or adjective that which is inferiour in mixture But if they concurre in equall quantity there will be thereupon made Erysipelas Phlegmone Erysipelas oedema Erysipelas scirrhus Galen acknowledges two kinds of Erysipelaes one simple and without an ulcer the other ulcerated For Choler drawne and severed from the warmnesse of the blood running by its subtlety and acrimony vnto the skin ulcerates it but restrained by the gentle heat of the blood as a bridle it is hindred from peircing to the top of the skin and makes a tumor without an ulcer But of unnaturall choler are caused many other kinds of cholericke tumors as the Herpes exedens and Miliaris and lastly all sorts of tumors which come betweene the Herpes and Cancer You may know Erysipelaes cheifly by three signes as by their colour which is a yellowish red by their quicke sliding backe into the body at the least compression of the skin the cause of which is the subtlety of the humor and the outward site of it under the skin whereupon by some an Erysipelas is called a Disease of the skin Lastly by the number of the Symptoms as heat pulsation paine The heat of an Erysipelas is far greater than that of a Phlegmon but the pulsation is much lesse for as the heat of the blood is not so great as that of choler so it farre exceeds choler in quantity and thicknesse which may cause compression and obstruction of the adjacent muscle For Choler easily dissipable by reason of its subtlety quickly vanishes neither doth it suffer it selfe to be long conteined in the empty spaces betweene the muscles neither doth an Erysipelas agree with a Phlegmon in the propriety of the paine For that of an Erysipelas is pricking and biting without tension or heavinesse yet the primitive antecedent and conjunct causes are alike of both the tumors Although an Erysipelas may be incident to all parts yet principally it assailes the face by reason of the rarity of the skin of that place and the lightnesse of the cholericke humor flying upwards It is ill when an Erysipelas comes upon a wound or ulcer and although it may come to suppuration yet it is not good for it shewes that there is obstruction by the admixture of a grosse humor whence there is some danger of erosion in the parts next under the skin It is good when an Erysipelas comes from within outwards but ill when from without it retires inward But if an Erysipelas possesse the wombe it is deadly and in like manner if it spread too far over the face by reason of the sympathy of the membranes of the braine CHAP. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas FOr the cure of an Erysipelas we must procure two things to wit evacuation and Refrigeration But because there is more need of cooling than in a Phlegmon the cheefe scope must be for refrigeration Which being done the conteined matter must be taken away and evacuated with moderatly resolving medicines We must doe foure things to attaine unto these forementioned ends First of all we must appoint a convenient manner of Diet in the use of the sixe things not naturall that is we must incrassate refrigerate and moisten as much as the nature of the disease and patient will suffer much more than in a Phlegmon then we will evacuate the Antecedent matter by opening a veine and by medicines purging choler And that by cutting the Cephalicke veine if there be a portion of the blood
matter being concocted causes us to thinke the quotidian short and salutary The Cure is performed by two meanes to wit Diet and Pharmacy Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the patient breathe in a cleere aire moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked cocke or chicken brothes in which have bin boiled the roots of Parsly Sorrell and the like Neither at some times will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomacke liver much cooled Let him eate Chickins Mutton Partridge and small Birds river fishes and such as live in stony waters fryed or broiled reare Egges and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drinke be small white wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleepe taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleepe fall not upon the time of the fit for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowells For the passions of the minde the patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seemes not amisse to some at the comming of the fit to put the feet and Legs into hot water in which Chamomill Dill Melilote Marjerome Sage and Rosemary have beene boyled The Medicines shall be such Syrupes as are called digestive and aperitive as Syrupe of Wormewood Mints of the five opening rootes Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomill Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agaricke Turbith of which you shall make potions with the water of Mints Balme Hyssope Sage Fennell Endive or the like Pilluae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in forme of a bole with Sugar as the Physition being present shall thinke most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the stomake and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chiefe seate of Phlegme wherefore it will be good to anoynt it every other day with oyle of Chamomill mixed with a litle white wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juice of Raddish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrupe of vineger will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in forme of a Bole or to drinke it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIIII Of a Scirrhus or an hard Tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of Tumors caused by blood choler and Phlegme it remaines we speake of these which are bred of a Melancholike humor Of these there are said to be foure differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor endued with litle sense and so commonly without paine generated of a naturall Melancholike humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor insensible and without paine of a Melancholike humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholike humor The fourth of a Phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a grosse tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnaturall affects of the liver or spleene as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrâ—oides or Courses The signes are hardnesse renitency a blackish colour and a dilatation of the veines of the affected part with blackishnesse by reason of the aboundance of the grosse humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholy without paine and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yeeld to any Those which are brought to suppuration easily turne into cancers and fistulaes these tumors though in the beginning they appeare litle yet in processe of time they grow to a great bignes CHAP. XXV Of the Cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Sirrhus cheefly consists of three heads First the Phisition shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and moderate in feeding tending to humidity and indifferent heate for his manner of life let it be quiet and free from all perturbation of anger griefe and sadnesse as also abhorring the use of venery The second is placed in the evacuation of the antecedent matter as by Phlebotomy if need require and by purging by procuring the haemorrhoids in men and the courses in women let purgations be prescribed of Discatholicon Hyera diasenna polipody Epythymum according to the minde of the learned Physition The third consists in the convenient use of Topicke medicines that is emollient at the beginning and then presently resolving or rather such as are mixed both of resolving emollient faculties as Galen teaches for by the use of only emollient things there is danger of putrefaction and a Cancer and only of resolving there is feare of concretion the subtiler part being resolved and the grosser subsiding The emollient shall be thus â„ž Rad. alth lib. s rad liliorum â„¥ iij. conquantur in aqua com pistentur traijciantur per setaceum addendo olei chamaem lilior an â„¥ ij oesipi humidae â„¥ ss emplastri diachyl alb cum oleo liliorum dissoluti â„¥ iij cerae albae quantum fit satis fiat cerotum Or â„ž gummi ammoniaci galb bdellij styracis liquidae in aceto dissolutorum an â„¥ j. diachyl mag â„¥ jss olei liliorum axungiae anseris an â„¥ j. ceroti oesip descriptione Philagr â„¥ ij liquesâ—ant omnia simul cerae quantum sit satis ut iude fiat cerotum satis molle When you have sufficiently used emollient things fume the Tumour with strong Vinegar and Aqua vitae poured vpon a peice of a Milstone flint or bricke heated very hot for so the mollified humor will be rarified attenuated and resolved then some while after renew your emollients and then againe apply your resolvers to waste that which remaines which could not be performed together and at once for thus Galen healed a Scirrhus in Cercilius his sonne Goats dung is very good to discusse Scirrhous tumors but the Emplaster of Vigo with a double quantity of Mercury is effectuall above the rest as
take heed of the over light chiefely untill such time as the most feared and maligne symptomes are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits encreases paine strengthens the feaver and symptomes Hippocrates wholy forbids wine therefore the patient in steed thereof must drinke Barly water faire water boyled and tempered with Iulep of Roses syrupe of Violets vinegar and the like water wherein bread crummes have beene steeped water and sugar with a little juyce of Lemons or pomecitron added thereto and such like as the abilitye and taste of the patient shall require Let him continue such drinkes until he be free from maligne symptomes which usually happen within foureteene dayes His meat shall be pappe ptisan shunning Almond milkes for Almonds are sayd to fill the head with vapours and cause paine stued damaske Prunes Raisons and Currance seasoned with sugar and a little cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomack and revive and exhilarate the spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veale Kid Leverets birds of the fields Pheasons blacke-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larkes and such like meates of good digestion boiled with lettuce purslaine sorrell borage buglosse succory endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on these meates roasted he may only dipping them in verjuice in the acide juices of Oranges Citrons Lemons or Pomegranets sometimes in one and sometimes in another according to his taste and ability If any have a desire to eate fish he must make choyce of Troutes Gudgions Pikes and the like which live in running and cleare waters and not in muddy hee shall eschew all cold sallets and pulse because they flye up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meate to use common drige powder or Aniseed Fennell-seed or Coriander comfits also conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should bee offended with vapoures arising from thence Children must eate often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their naturall heate is more strong wherefore they stand in neede of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentifull nourishment for that then their stomackes are more hot than in Summer When the foureteenth day is past if neither a feaver nor any thing else forbid hee may drinke wine moderately and by little and little encrease his dyet but that respectively to each ones nature strength and custome He shall shunne as much as in him lyes sleepe on the day time unlesse it happen that a Phlegmon seaze upon the braine or Meninges For in this case it will bee expedient to sleepe on the day time especially from morning till noone for in this season of the day as also in the spring blood is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly knowne that it need not be spoken that the blood when wee are awake is carryed into the habite and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleepe it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the blood by the force of the Sunne casting his beames upon the earth at his rising is carryed into the habite of the body should againe bee more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the braine and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will bee better especially then to stay by sleepe the violence of the blood running into the habite of the body when it shall seeme to rage and more violently to affect that way Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the braine and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities paines and heavinesse of the head and makes the wounds dry and maligne But if the patient cannot sleepe by reason of the vehemencie of the inflammation of the braine and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmeare and annoint the head nose temples and eares with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupifie and make drowsie the Braine and membranes thereof being more hot than they ought to be Wherefore for this purpose let the temples bee anointed with Vnguentum populeon or Vnguentum Rosatum with a little rose vinegar or oxycrate Let a spunge moistened in the decoction of white or blacke poppie seed of the rinds of the rootes of Mandrages of the seedes of Henbane lettuce purslaine plantaine night-shade and the like He may also have a broath or barly creame into which you may put an emulsion made of the seedes of white poppye or let him have a potion made with â„¥ j. or â„¥ iss of the syrupe of poppie with â„¥ ij of lettuce water Let the patient use these things 4 houres after meate to procure sleepe For sleepe doth much helpe concoction it repaires the effluxe of the triple substance caused by watching aswageth paine refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the patient take his naturall rest If the patient shall bee plethoricke let the plenitude be lessened by blood-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Phisition who shall oversee the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kindes of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation paine and other such like symptomes be increased by stirring up the humors Phlebotomie according to Galens opinion must not onely be made respectively to the plenty of blood but also agreeable to the greatnesse of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw backe that humor which flowes downe by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawne to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalicke veine of the right arme shall be opened unlesse a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may bee opened although the body is not plethoricke The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is farre better by reason of the straightnesse of the fibers than to draw blood on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the patient still feeling his pulse unlesse a Physition be present to whose judgement you must then commit all that businesse For the pulse is in Galens opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soone as we finde it to become lesser and more slow when the fore-head beginnes to sweate a little when he feeles a paine at his heart when he is taken
a lead Mortar with a little Rose water and so put into the eye but let this repercussive be layd upon the eye and the neighbouing parts â„ž albumin ovor nu iiij combustiÊ’ij DraconisÊ’j aquae rosar plantag an â„¥ ij agitentur simul make a repercussive which you may frequently use Or else apply cheese curds well wrung mixed with Rosewater the white of an Egge and as much acacia as shall suffice This which followeth doth more powerfully stay the flowing humor â„ž gum arab tragac an Ê’ij psilij cydon semin portul plant sâ—mach an Ê’ij fiat mucag. cum aqua plantag solan rosar concinnetur collyrium of which you may drop some both within and about the eye But note that all such remedies must be applyed warme both that they may the better penetrate by their moderate heate as also for that all actuall cold things are hurtfull to the eyes and sight because they dull the sight by incrustating the visive spirits For I have knowne many who have become dull of sight by the frequent using of medicines actually cold to the eyes I have on the contrary seene not a few who have recovered with the fit use of such like medicines who have had any part of their eye so it were not the pupilla or Apple of the eye so pricked with a needle or bodkin that much of the watrish humour ran forth thereat The milke of a woman which suckles a girle for that is reputed the cooler mitigates paine and clenses if it bee milked out of the Dug into the eye to which purpose also the blood of Turtles Pidgeons or Chickens much conduces being dropt into the eye by opening a veine under their wings Also this following cataplasme asswageth paine and inflammation and hinders defluxion being applyed to the eye and the adjacent parts â„ž Carnis pomorum sub cinere calido decoctorum â„¥ v. vitellos â—vorum num iij cassiae fistulae recenter extractae â„¥ ss macaginis psilij altheae cydon an â„¥ j. farin hordeiparum incorporentur omnia simul fiat cataplasma Also sheepes lungs boyled in milke and applyed warme and changed as they grow cold are good to aswage paine But if the too violent heate and paine shall not yeeld to such medicines but require more vehement then Foliorum Hyoscyami m. j. sub cineribus coquatur atque in mortario cum mucagine seminis psilij cydonier extract in aquis solani plantag pistetur then let this medicine be wrapped in a linnen cloath and applyed to the eyes and temples The mucilages of Psilium or Flea-wort and Quince seedes extracted in a decoction of Poppy heads and mixed with a little Opium and Rose water are used for the same purpose But when there is neede of detergent and sarcoticke medicines then R syrup rosar siccar â„¥ j. aq faenic ruta an Ê’ij aloes lâ—…e olibani an â„¥ ss mixe them for the foresayd use The galls of Scates Hares and Partridges dissolved in eye-bright and fennell water are fit for clensing such wounds as also this following Collyrium R Aquae hordei â„¥ j. despumatiÊ’iij aloes ter lotae in aqua plantaginis and anÊ’j fiat collyrium Also this ensuing medicine is very sarcoticke R mucagin gummi olibani arabici tragacanth sarcocol in aq hordei extract an Ê’iij rosarumÊ’j cerus ustae lotae tutia prapar an Ê’ss fiat collyrium But here you must note that the coate Adnata often swells so much by reason of a wound or some other injurie and stands so forth by the falling downe of humotes accesse and mixture of flatulencies that it hides the whole Pupilla and hangs forth of the eye-lids like as if it were an unnaturall fleshy excrescence and it looses the native colour and lookes very red so that the eye can neither bee shut nor opened Wherewith a young Chirurgion being deceived determined to cut away this protuberancie of the Adnata as though it had beene some superfluous flesh and then to waste it with cathaereticke powders had I not forbidden him telling him of the certaine danger of blindnesse which would thereupon befall the patient Wherefore I prescribed a fomentation of chamomile melilote Rose leaves wormewood rue fennell and aniseedes boyled in milke with the rootes of Orris and marigolds Then I presently added this following fomentation being more powerfull and drying R Nucis cupressi gallar balaust an â„¥ j. plantag absinth hippuris flo chamaem ros rub an M. ss bulliant simul cum aqua fabrorum fiat decoctum pro fotu cum spongia Besides also you may apply a cataplasme made of barly and beane flowre the powders of Masticke Mirrhe and Aloes and some of the last described decoction The tumor beginning to decline I dropt the flowing liquor into the eye which hath a very astringent drying and strengthening faculty Roast a new layd egge in Embers untill it be hard then pill off the shell take forth the yolke and in place thereof put a scruple of Roman Vitrioll in fine powder then put it in a linnen cloath and wring it hard forth into some cleane thing and droppe thereof for some dayes into the eye with a little smithes water wherein Sumach and Rose leaves have beene boyled I have found by experience the certaine force of this remedy but if notwithstanding there be a true fleshy excrescence upon the coate Adnata it may be taken away by this following powder R Ossis sepiae testae ovorum calcinatae an Ê’j fiat pulvis Calcined Vitriole burnt Alome and the like may bee commodiously used to this purpose Yet you must warily make use of all such things and alwayes lay repercussives about the eye that no harme ensue thereof For diverse times acride humors fall downe into the eye with such violence that they breake the Horny coate whereupon the humors of the eye are poured out Remember also that in diseases of the eyes the Patient lye with his head somewhat high and that he keepe shut not only the pained but also the sound eye because rest is alwayes necessary for the grieved part But one eye cannot bee moved without some motion of the other by reason of the connexion they have by their opticke and moving nerves both the Meninges the Pericranium Veines and Arteries which is the cause that when the one suffers the other in some sort partakes therewith But if we cannot prevaile by all these formerly prescribed medicines fit to stay the defluxion then it remaines that wee apply a Seton to the necke for it is a singular remedy against inveterate defluxions into the eyes For we know by dayly experience that many who have had their sight dulled by a long and great defluxion so that they were almost blinde have by little and little recovered their former splendour and sharpenesse of sight when matter once begun to bee evacuated by the Seton The truth hereof appeared in Paul the Italian
to fall to your worke CHAP. XV. Of the generall cure of a Gangreene THe Indications of curing Gangreenes are to be drawne from their differences for the cure must bee diversely instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangreenes possesse the whole member others onely some portion thereof some are deepe othersome superficiall onely Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodyes as of children women Eunuches and idle persons require much milder medicines than those who by nature and custome or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as husbandmen labourers marriners huntsmen potters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly Neither must you have respect to the body in generall but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solide as the Nerves and joynts or more solide as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moyst parts as the Privities mouth wombe and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrifaction wherefore we must use more speedy meanes to helpe them Wherefore if the Gangreene be cheefely occasioned from an internall cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the sixe things not naturall If the body be plethoricke or full of ill humors you must purge or let blood by the advice of a Physition Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must cheefely be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrell or Carduus water with a bole of Mithridate the conserves of Roses Buglosse and with Opiates made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub inpulver radactarum spodij an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ijss trochiscorum de Caphura Ê’ij crociÊ’j ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a scarlet clot or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangreene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangreene THe cure of a Gangreene caused by the too plentifull and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heate by reason of great Plegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors which putrifie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great indifferent small deepe and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangreene are much commended that so the burdened part may enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humors of difflation or evacuation of their footy excrements Let incisions be made when the affect is great deepe in and neere to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first begins to putrefie for the greatnesse of the remedy must answere in proportion to that of the disease Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will bee fit to cut the skin and flesh with many and deepe incisions with an incision knife made for that purpose yet take heede of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unlesse they be wholy putrified for if they be not yet putrified you shall make your incisions in the spaces betweene them if the Gangreene be lesse we must rest satisfied with onely scarifying it When the scarifications and incisions are made we must suffer much blood to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may bee evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicines as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by peircing to the bottome may have power to overcome the virulencie already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the lye of the Ashes of fig-tree or Oake wherein Lupines have bin throughly boyled are good Or you may with lesse trouble make a medicine with salt water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae for aqua vitae and calcined vitrioll are singular medicines for a Gangreene Or â„ž acet opimi lb. j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. bulliant simul adde aq vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to represse Gangreenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the incisions for there is no medicine more powerfull against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putride flesh from the sound But we must not in this kinde of affect expect that the putride flesh may of it selfe fall from the sound but rather cut off with your incision knife or sissers whatsoever thereof you can then put to it Egyptiacum as oft as neede shall require The knowledge hereof may be acquired from the colour smell and sensiblenesse of the flesh its selfe The description of the Egyptiacum whose wondrous effects I have often tryed in these causes is this â„ž floris aris aluminis roch mellis com an â„¥ iij. aceti acerrimi â„¥ v. salis com â„¥ j. vitrioli rom â„¥ ss sublimatipul Ê’ij bulliant omnia simul ad ignem fiat unguent If the force of the putrefaction in the part be not so great a weaker Aegyptiacum may serve When you have put in the Aegyptiacum then presently lay the following Cataplasme thereupon For it hinders putrefaction resolves cleanses dryes up the virulent sanies and by the dry subtlety of the parts penetrates into the member strengthens it and asswages the paine â„ž farin fabar hor dei orobi lent lupin an lb. s sal com mellis rosat an â„¥ iiij succi absinth marrub an â„¥ iiss aloes mastiches myrrhae aqua vit an â„¥ ij oxymelitis simpl quantum sufficit fiat Cataplasma molle secundum artem Somewhat higher than the part affected apply this following astringent or defensitive to hinder the flowing down of the humors into the part and the rising up of the vapours from the putride part into the whole body â„ž oleirosati myrtill an â„¥ 4. succi plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ij album ovorum 5. boli armeni teâ—rae sigillata subtiliter pulverâ—satorum an â„¥ j. oxycrati quantum sufficit misce ad usum dictum But these medicines must be often renewed If the greefe be so stubborne that it will not yeeld to the described remedies wee must come to stronger to wit Cauteries after whose application Galen bids to put upon it the juice of a Leeke with salt beaten and dissolved therewith for that this medicine hath a peircing and drying faculty and consequently to hinder putrifaction But if you prevaile nothing with Cauteries then must you come to the last remedy and refuge that is the amputation of the part For according to Hippocrates to extreame diseases exquisitly
wherefore all such things shall be used in forme of an Eglegma to be taken lying on the backe and swallowed downe by little and little opening the muscles of the throate least the medicine passing downe sodainely and in great quantity cause a cough a thing exceeding hurtfull to these kinds of Vlcers When they must be clensed you shall have crude honey which hath a singular faculty above all other detergent things in these kind of Vlcers But when they can conveniently swallow you shall mixe Gumme Tragacanth dissolved in some astringent decoction In Vlcers of the stomacke all acride things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause paine inflammation and vomite and besides hinder the digestion of the meate Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugered gellyes wherein Gumme Tragacanth and bole Armenicke have beene put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figges Raisons Honey Cowes milke boyled with the yoalkes of egges and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowres and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of quinces the Lentiske wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent wine unlesse there be feare of inflammation Their drinke shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrupe of Violets and Iujubes Honey mixed with other medicines is a very fitting remedy for Vlcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomacke for if you shall use astringent medicines alone of themselves they will sticke to the stomacke neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helpes them forwards to the affected parts also clenses the Vlcers themselves Here also Asses milke may with good successe be used in stead of Goates or Cowes milke The use of a valnerary potion is almost commendable if so bee that it bee made of such hearbes and simples as by a certaine tacite familiartiy have respect to the parts affected But the Vlcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater guts be affected you may heale them with a Glyster and injections made also sharpe to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must bee rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament doe not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unlesse with the losse of their faculty so farre as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Vlcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder VLcers are caused in the Kidnyes and Bladder either by the use of acride meates drinkes or medicines as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acride humor bred in that place sent or falne thither or else by the rupture of some vessell or an abscesse broken and degenerated into an Vlcer as it sometimes comes to passe They are discerned by their site for the paine and heavinesse of Vlcers of the Reines comes to the Loynes and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Vrine Neither doth the Pus which flowes from the renies stinke so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodlesse fleshlesse membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction that pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Vrinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottome and may be seene separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Vrine but that Pus which flowes from the bladder is oft times made alone without Vrine usually it comes to passe that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidnyes hath in it certaine caruncles or as it were haires according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thicke Vrine have little caâ—uncles and as it were haires come forth together therewith they come from their Kidnyes but on the contrarie those who have certaine bran-like scailes come from them in a thicke Vrine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Vlcer For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Glysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw backe the humors by whose confluxe into the affected part the Vlcer might bee seed and made more sordide and filthy You must beware of strong purgations least the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Vlcer may fall downe upon the Kidnyes or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectuall to mundifie those kind of Vlcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycyrrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad acetosae petrosel an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colatura dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of foure Ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces â„ž quator sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragacanth gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycyrrhizae mund â—ucaginis sem psilij amygd dulc hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang dracâ—spodij rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barly water or Goates milke Galen bids to mixe honey and diureticke things with medicines made for the Vlcers of the Reines and bladder for that they gently move Vrine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Vlcers of the bladder are either in the bottome thereof or at the necke and urinary passage If they be in the bottome the paine is almost continuall if in the necke the paine then prickes and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Vlcer which is is the bottome sends forth certaine scaly or skinny excrements together with the Vrine but that which is in the necke causes almost a continuall Tentigo Those which are in the bottome are for the most part incurable both by reason of the bloodlesse and nervous nature of the part as also for that the Vlcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the Vrine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the Vrine alwayes remaine in the bottome of the bladder which could not therefore passe forth together with the rest of the Vrine for that for the passing forth of the Vrine the bladder being distended before falls and
afflicted whilest it is forced to sustaine a tedious and painefull compression which at length brings a hot distemper because the spirits cannot freely flow thereto which I finding by experience not knowing the cause wished them ever now and then to lift up my heele wherby it might enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the spirits have free entrance thereinto the contained vapours passing forth To conclude my hurt legge was layd upon a cushion after the manner you see here described The figure of a Legge fractured with a wound and bound up CHAP. XXIV Of some things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to bee kept firme and ratified That Ligation must bee made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it selfe up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the Ligation made on this and that side above and bolow whence ensue many maligne symptomes You may make triall hereof upon a sound fleshie part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livide or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on everie side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remaine unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch therof burnes and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft These will bee the signes of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantitie and that more filthie sanies flow from the ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lippes of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deepe paine torment the Patient by fitts if by searching with your Probe you perceive the bone to be spoyled of its periostium and lastly if you finde it scaily and rough or also if your Probe bee put downe some-what hard it runne into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottennesse of the bones But certainely such rottennesse will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amisse againe to admonish the Surgeon of this That as farre as the thing shall suffer hee make his rowlings upon the wound unlesse by chance there be such excessive paine and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptomes and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weake nor too much worne being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compasse the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stirre the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones doe not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers doe By this it appeares that as want of binding and too much loosenesse in absence of paine and a Phlegmon so also too strait ligation when paine is present brings a Phlegmon and Abscesse to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reâ—terate these things because you shall as yet finde many who follow the practice of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carrie crosse-wise But this crosse or lattice-like kinde of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that onely to be used which we have described according to the minde of Hippocrates Now it is time that I returne to the former historie of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Legge after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine owne house in Paris in the after-noone they tooke from me out of the Basilica of the left arme some sixe ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lippes or edges of the wound and places thereabout were annointed with unguentum rosatum which by a joynt consent of the Ancients is much commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage paine and hinder inflammation by repelling the humors farre from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shewes for it is made ex oleo omphacino aqua rosacea pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this oyntment for sixe dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthning of the part and repressing the humors which two things wee must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion in fractures especially with a wound Wherfore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moystened them with the oxycrate or rose vineger for by their too much drinesse paine and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardnesse You shall see many surgeons who in this kinde of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicines wholly contrary to the methode set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing places of the skinne are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acride and serous humor long supprest Whereby you may learne that astringent and emplastick medicines must not bee used above sixe daies In stead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine daies I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed prunes and sixe morsels of bread and dranke a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition â„ž sacc albis â„¥ xii aquae font lb xii cinam Ê’ iii. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maydens hair with boyled water Otherwhiles the divine drinke as
continue it keepe it longer in the wound there is some danger lest nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the urethra or urenary passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts neare to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the paine â„ž album ovorum nu iii. pul boli armeni sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALL things which we have recited being faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oate chaffe to drinke up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillowes that they may bee changed as neede shall require Sometimes after the drawing forth of the stone the bloud in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unlesse you be carefull to provide against with discussing drying and consuming medicines it is to be feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if any accidents happen in curing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After some few daies a warme injection shall be cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night-shade roses with a little syrupe of dried roses It wil help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound and contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it sometimes happens that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of bloud and other impurity may fall into the urenary passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for some daies into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloody wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder being taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lye crosse-legged and keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day be past Hee must wholly abstaine from wine unlesse it bee very weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and sugar or boyled water mixed with syrups of dryed roses maidenhaire and the like Let his meat bee ponado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds lettuce purslaine sorrell borage spinage and the like If he be bound in his belly a Physitian shall be called who may helpe it by appointing either Cassia a glister or some other kind of medicine as he shall thinke good CHAP. XLVI What cure is to be used to Ulcers when as the urine flowes through them long after the stone is drawne out MAny after the stone is drawneout cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flowes out this way continually by little and little and against the patients will during the rest of his life unlesse the Surgeon helpe it Therefore the callous lippes of the wound must be amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tyed up and bound with the instrument wee terme a Retinaculum or stay this must be perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall be thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh and shall be knit about it then glutinative medicines shall be applyed such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis Draconis bole armenick and the like after five or sixe dayes the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remaine but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or Stay A. shewes the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bignesse of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay be wanting you may conjoyne the lippes of the wound after this following manner Put two quilles somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles having thread in them taking hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thread upon them For thus the wound shall be agglutinated and the fleshy lips of the wound kept from being torne which would be in danger if the needle thread were onely used CHAP. XLVII How to take stones out of womens bladders WEE know by the same signes that the stone is in a womans bladder as we do in a mans yet it is far more easily searched by a Cathaeter for that the necke of the bladder in the shorter broader and the more streight Wherfore it may not onely be found by a Cathaeter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the necke of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placing the sicke woman in the same posture as we mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observe that maides yonger than seven yeares old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the wombe without great violence Therefore the stone must be drawne from them by the same meanes as from boyes to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone being found out and the lower belly also pressed with the other hand it must be brought to the necke of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned meanes Yet if the riper yeares of the patient permit it to bee done without violence the whole worke shall be more easily and happily performed by putting the fingers into the necke of the wombe for that the bladder is nearer the neck of the womb than it is to the right gut Wherfore the fingers thus thrust in a Cathaeter shall bee presently put into the necke of the bladder This Cathaeter must bee hollow or slit on the outside like those before described but not crooked but streight as you may perceive by the following figure A Cathaeter upon which being put into the Bladder the necke thereof may be cut to draw out a stone from a woman Upon this instrument the neck of the bladder may be cut and then with the Dilater made for the same purpose the incision shall bee dilated as much as need requites yet with this caution that seeing the necke of a womans bladder is the shorter it admits not so great dilatation as a mans for otherwise there is danger that it may come to the body of the bladder whence an unvoluntary shedding of the water may ensue and
â„ž olei chamâ—m aneth butyr recent an â„¥ i. sem apii petros galang an Ê’ss aq vitae ol salviaaut thymi chimice extract q. s The following liniment is much commended by Hollerius â„ž olei rut nardi an Ê’vi dissolutiÊ’ii liquefactis simul adde Zâ—betaegr iv croci gr vi fiat linimentum Also little bags made with millet oates and salt fryed with a little white wine in a frying pan shall be applyed hot upon the belly flankes and renewed before they grow cold You may in stead of these bags use oxe bladders halfe filled with a decoction of resolving things as salt rosemary thime lavander bay-berries and the like then inject a glyster being thus made â„ž quatuor remol an m. i. orig puleg. calamenth an m. ss anisi carui an m. ss flor aneth an p. 1. bulliant in hydromele ad lib. i. in qua dissolve bened laxat mellis anthosati sacc rub an â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem an â„¥ iss Let a glyster be made to bee injected at twice for the guts being stretched out cannot conteine the accustomed dosis of a glyster also this following glyster is much approved â„ž vini malvat. olei nucum an â„¥ iii. aqua vitae â„¥ i. olei juniperi rut per quintam essent extract an Ê’iii Let this be injected as hot as the patient can endure I have oft-times as by miracle helped intolerable paine caused by the wind collick and phlegme with this glyster Avicen prescribes a carminative glyster made of hysope origanum acorus aniseeds and English galengall Let the patient feed upon meats of good juice easie digestion as broths made with the yolks of egs saffron hot herbes and a nutmeg let him drink good wine as Muskedine or Hypocras made with good wine so to heat the stomack guts For in Galens opinion all windinesse is generated by a remisse heat But if the pain shall continue a large Cupping-glasse shall bee applyed to the navill to draw and dissipate the windinesse the belly shall be bound with strong and broad ligatures to strengthen the guts and discusse the matter of flatulencies The patients taught by nature use this remedy whilst none admonishing them they presse the belly with their hands in the bitternesse of paine But if the paine cannot be thus appeased we must come to such medicines as worke by an occult propertie as the dryed gut of a Wolfe for a dram thereof made into pouder is given in wine with good successe That collick which is caused by a cholerick inflammation requires contrary medicines to wit bloodletting and a refrigerating diet potions made of Diacatholicon and Cassia dissolved in barley water also cooling glysters Avicen prescribes narcoticks for that being cold they are contrary to the morbiâ—ick cause which is hot and dry such are pils of Philonium Also pils of Hyerapicra in the quantity of ℈ iv with opium and saffron of each one graine may be used Also baths are appointed made of water wherein mallowes marsh-mallowes violet leaves flowers of white lillies lettuce purslaine have bin boyled to correct the acrimonie of the cholericke and hot humours whence the disease and symptome ariseth That collick which is like to this and proceeds from salt acride thick and tough phlegme is cured the humour being first attenuated and diffused and at length evacuated by medicines taken by the mouth and otherwise according to the prescription of the learned Phisiâ—ian But Avicen cures that which is occasioned by the suppression of the hardened excrements and twining of them by meates which have an emollient faculty such as humecting broths as that which is made of an old cock tired with running threshed to death so boyled with dill polypody and a little salt untill the flesh fall from the bones also he useth detergent glysters such as this which followes â„ž betae m. i. furfuris p. i. ficus nu x. alth m. i. fiat decoctio aâ— lb. i. in qua dissolve nitri muriae an Ê’ii sacch rub â„¥ i. ol sesamini â„¥ ii But if the obstruction be more contumacious you must use more powerfull ones made adÊ’ii But if the obstruction do notwithstanding remaine so that the excrements come forth at the mouth Marianus Sanctus wisheth by the counsell of many who have so freed themselves from this deadly symptome to drink three pounds of quicksilver with water onely For the doubled and as it were twined up gut is unfolded by the weight of the quicksilver and the excrements are deprest and thrust forth and the wormes are killed which gave occasion to this affect John of S. Germaines that most worthy Apothecary hath told me that hee saw a Gentleman who when as hee could not bee freed from the paine of the colliok by any means prescribed by learned Physitians at length by the counsell of a certaine Germane his friend drank three ounces of oile of sweet almonds drawne without fire and mixed with some white wine and pellitory water and swallowed a leaden bullet besmeared with quicksilver and that bullet comming presently out by his fundament he was wholly freed from his collick CHAP. LIX Of Phlebotomie or Blood-letting PHlebotomie is the opening of a veine evacuating the blood with the rest of the humours thus Arteriotomie is the opening of an Artery The first scope of Phlebotomie is the evacuation of the bloud offending in quantity although oft-times the Physicians intention is to draw forth the blood which offends in quality or either way by opening a veine Repletion which is caused by the quantity is two-fold the one ad vires that is to the strength the veines being otherwise not very much swelled this makes men infirme and weake nature not able to beare this humour of what kinde soever it be The other is termed ad vasa that is to the vessels the which is so called comparatively to the plenty of bloud although the strength may very well away therewith The vessels are oft-times broke by this kind of repletion so that the patient casts and spits up blood or else evacuats it by the nose wombe haemorrhoids or varices The repletion which is ad vires is knowne by the heavinesse and wearisomnesse of the whole body but that which is ad vasa is perceived by their distension and fulnesse both of them stand in neede of evacuation But bloud is onely to bee let by opening a veine for five respects the first is to lessen the abundance of bloud as in Phlethorick bodies and those who are troubled with inflammation without any plenitude The second is for divertion or revulsion as when a veine of the right arme is opened to stay the bleeding of the left nosthrile The third is to allure or draw downe as when the saphena is opened in the ankle to draw downe the courses in women The fourth is for alteration or introduction of another quality as when in sharpe
of the falling downe of the defluxion â„ž cubelarum nucis moschat glycyrrhiz anis an Ê’ i. pyrethri Ê’ ii mastich rad stâ—phisagr eryngii an Ê’ii Let them all be made into pouder and mixed together tyed up in a little taffaty to the bignesse of a hasell nut and let them be rowled up and downe the mouth with the tongue to cause spitting or salivation Working with the hands and frictions of the armes especially in the morning after the evacuation of the excrements are good for such as are troubled with the Gout in the feet for so it not onely causeth revulsion from the feet but also the resolution of that which is unprofitable CHAP. XII What Diet is convenient for such as have the Goute AFTER the body is once fed they must not returne to meat before that the concoction be perfected in the stomacke lest the liver be forced to draw by the mesaraicke veines that which is yet crude and ill digested and as it were forced thence Whence the depravation of the nutriment of the whole body for the following decoctions doe not amend the default of the first Let them make choice of meate of good juice and easie digestion rosted for such as are phlegmaticke but boiled for such as are cholericke as they shall shun much variety at one meale so must they eschew the use of pulses milk-meats sallads and sharpe things as verjuice vinegar the juice of oranges and citrons They shall not eat unlesse they be hungry and shall desist therefrom before they be fully satisfied if it be but for this that whilest the native heat is busied in the digestion of meat plenteously eaten it is diverted from the concoction of the noxious humors The flesh of great fowle as swans cranes peacockes are not of laudible juice and are with more difficulty digested in the stomacke Some of the antients have disallowed of the eating of Capons and the like birds because they are subject to bee troubled with the Goute in the feete Fishes are to be shunned for that they heape up excrementitious humours and are easily corrupted in the stomacke yea relaxe it by continuall use Of the flesh of beasts veale is most to be commended for that it breeds temperate blood and laudible juice and is easily digested Neither in the meane time is mutton to bee found fault withall But the like hunger or abstinence must not be appointed to all men troubled with the Goute for such as are of a sanguine and cholericke complexion because they are endued with much and much wasting heate are to be refreshed with more plentifull nourishment for hunger sharpens choler and so augments their paines neither in the interim must they bee fed with too moist meates for too much moisture besides that it is the author of putrefaction will cause defluxions and draw downe the matter to the joints Therefore the Cholericke humor must bee incrassated and refrigerated by taking things inwardly and applying things outwardly lest by its tenuity it should fall downe into the grieved parts To this purpose conduce brothes altered with lettuce purslaine sorrell and the like herbs and barly creames made with a decoction of the foure cold seeds Phlegmaticke bodies by reason that they have not so vigorous heate doe as it were carry their provant about them wherefore they must not be fed neither with many nor with moist meats All that are troubled with the Goute must shun those things which are hard of digestion and which are soone corrupted for they all have a certain remiss feaver which diminisheth the native heat makes the meates apt to putrefie Too plentifull drinking not onely of wine but also of any other liquor is to be avoided For by too great a quantity of moisture the meat floats in the stomacke and the native heat is in some sort extinguished whence proceed crudities Some physitians commâ—nd the use of white wine for that it provokes urine which is not altogether to be disallowed if so be that the body bee free from excrements otherwise by this as it were a vehicle especially if the temperature of the body be somewhat more hot they shall be carryed down into the joints Therefore in such a case I should rather advise them to use clarer which is somewhat weake and astringent for that it doth not so much offend the head nor joints and it shuts and strengthens the orifices of the vessels Yet it will bee more convenient wholly to abstaine therefrom and in stead thereof to drinke a Hydromel made after this manner â„ž aquae lb. iiii mellis opt q. i. bulliant ad consumptionem lb. i. bene despumando adde ad finem salviae p. i. imo si â—ger sit pituitosus cinamomi aut caryophyllorum momentum For cholerike persons make a sugred water thus â„ž aquae fontis lb. iiii sacchari β. ss cinamomiÊ’ ii For thus the stomacke shall also be strengthened also he may drinke ptisan wherein at the end of the decoction shall bee boiled some dryed roses or else some syrupe of pomegranates added thereto lest it should offend the stomack as soone as it comes from off the fire let it stand and settle and then straine it through an Hippocras bag or cleane linnen cloath CHAP. XIII How to strengthen the Joints IT is a matter of much consequence for the prevention of this evill to strengten the joints whereby they may be able to resist the humors preternaturally falling downe upon them Wherefore it is good morning and evening to rubbe them with Oleum Oâ—phacinum that is oile made of olives not come to their perfect maturitie or with oile of roses mixed with common salt finely poudered It may also bee mixed with common oile adding thereto the powder of harts horne as that which hath an astringent and drying faculty Also it is good to bath them in this following Lye â„ž cort granat nucum cupres gallarum sumach cortic querni an â„¥ ii salis com alumin. roch an â„¥ i. salviae â—â—rismar lavendul lauri ivae arthretic an m. i. rosar rub m. ss bulliant omnia in sex lb. vini crassi astringentis lixivio parato ex aquae chalibeatae cinere querno Then â—oment the part with sponges or cotton clothes after this fomentation shall be carefully wiped dryed with hot linnen clothes taking heed of cold The juice of unripe Hawes tempered with oxycrate is a singular thing for this purpose But if you desire to strengthen the joints weakened by a cold cause then â„ž salviae râ—rism thymi lavendul laur absinth an m. i. caryophyl zinzib piperis conquasâ—atorum an â„¥ i. infundantur in aquae vitae vini rubri astringentiâ— an lb. iiii bulliant leniter in balneo mariae With this liquor foment the joints morning and evening Some thinke it good to strengthen the joynts to tread grapes in vintage time which if they be not able
or drying according to the condition of the present disease symptomes humors and patient never omitting Hydrargyrum the onely antidote of this disease Such emplasters mitigate paines and knots and resolve all hardnesse and are absolutely very effectuall for continually sticking to the body they continually operate Wherefore they are of prime use in relapses of this disease or when the humours are thicke and viscous or otherwise lye deepe in the body and very difficult to roote out But for that they worke more slowly oft times such as use them are forced at length to use some frictions to stimulate nature and cause the speedier excretion Yet in some whose bodies and humours have beene fluid either by nature or art the applyed emplasters have in three dayes space procured evacuation sufficient for the disease so that if they had not beene taken away they would have caused a colliquation like that which we lately mentioned in too violent friction Wherefore you shall use the like discretion in taking off these as you use in your unctions and friction Instead of Emp. de Vigo this following may be fitly used â„ž massae emp. de melil oxycrocei an lb ss argenti vivi extin â„¥ vi olâ—o laurino de spica reducantur ad formam emplastri These plasters must be equally spread upon leather and layd upon the same places of the joints as were formerly mentioned in the cure by frictions Yet some there bee who cover with the plaster all the arme from the hand even to the shoulder and all the legge from the toppe of the knee even to the ends of the toes which thing I doe not disallow of if so bee that the places of the joints bee covered over with a thicker plaster They must bee left sticking there so long untill nature be stirred up and provoked to cause excretion of the virulent humours Yet if in the interim great itching shall arise in the parts you may take them off so long untill the parts shall be fomented with a decoction of the flowres of chamomile melilote red roses and the like made in wine to discusse that which caused the itching and then you may lay them on againe Some to hinder the rising of any itch lay not the bare plaster to the part but cover it over with sarceneâ— so to keepe it from sticking and thus intercept the transpiration of the part the cause of itching They shall bee stronger or weaker and lye to the part a longer or shorter space as long as the indications so often formerly mentioned shall seem to require The effects of emplasters are the same as of frictions for they cause excretion one while by insensible transpiration otherwhiles by a Diarrhaeâ— or fluxe of the belly sometimes by urines but most frequently which Crisis is also most certaine by salivation Sordide and virulent ulcers often breed in the mouth tongue pallate and gummes by salivation by reason of the acrimony of the virulent humors adhering to the sides of the mouth to hinder the growth of these many inject glysters made of emollient things especially at the beginning of the salivation so to draw downwards the humours forcibly flying up in greater quantity than is fit although the part it selfe may endure them There are also some who to the same end give a purging medicine at the very time when as the humours are ready to move upwards the which I thinke is not a safe course The cure of such ulcers is farre different from the cure of others For they ought by no meanes to bee repercussed or repelled how enflamed soever they be but onely to bee mitigated by anodyne gargarismes so onely to lessen the heat and that by this frequent washing of the mouth you may hinder the sticking or furring of viscide humours to such like ulcers A decoction of barly cowes milk warm held and gargled in the mouth the mucilages of the seeds of mallowes marsh-malloxes psilium lettuce line extracted in the water of barly mallowes and pellitory of the wall are good for this purpose for thus the ulcers become more milde and the tenacity of the adherent humours is loosed You must at the first beware of strong detergent medicines for almost all such have acrimony joyned with them which will encrease the pain but chiefly in the state of the disease for so the ulcers gently cleansed by frequent gargling would become worse by the use of acride things Therefore it shall be sufficient to make use of the forementioned medicines so to hinder the encrease of the filth and inflammation of the ulcers if so bee that such ulcers be not too exceeding maligne and burning For if it shall happen either by the powerfull efficacy of the applyed plasters or by the violence of nature in its motion of the ill humours upwards that such store of viscous and grosse humours are carryed to the mouth that it wants little but that the part it selfe is over-ruled by the morbificke matter so that by the violence and continuance of the fluxe the mouth and jawes become so swelled that a gangrene is to be feared by hindering the entrance of the spirits and extinguishing of the native heat of these parts In this case wee are forced to leave the proper cure for to withstand the accidents and for this purpose we use restrictive repelling things such as are barly water plantain night-shade knot-grasse shepheards Purse c. with syrupe of roses violets quinces berberies pomegranates c. also such are the mucilages and decoctions of the seeds of lettuce psilium quinces plantaine cucumbers melons white poppy hen-bane in the waters of roses plantaine night-shade water-lillies wood binâ— c. Also it is convenient to procure sweats by stoves or the application of any hot and dry things for thus the humours which run forth of the vessels into all the surface of the body are diverted But when as the course of the humours running to the mouth is beginning to stoppe and the tumours and ulcers begin to lessen then nothing hinders but that we may use gently detergent things as syr rosarum siccarum mel rosatum Diamoron Dianucum and the like But when it is time to dry the ulcers they may be lightly touched with alome water or with aqua fortis such as goldsmiths have used for the separation of mettals They may also frequently use drying gargarismes made with astriction of the waters of roses plantaine night-shade sheepheards purse knot grasse and dogges tongue boiling therein balaustia ros rub myrâ—il sumach alumen acacia berber galla malicor and the like During the time of fluxing or salivation you must diet and â—eed the patient with liquid meats and those of good juice and easie digestion for that then he can neither chaw swallow nor digest hard things For nature wholly intent upon the excretion of the noxious and peccant humours as also weakened by the bitternesse of paine watchings and unquietnesse
thought to comfort the stomack and citron seeds to defend the heart from malignity liquerice to smooth the throat and hinder hoarsnesse and cause sweat But these things shall be given long after meat for it is not fit to sweat presently after meat some there bee who would have the child wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot and afterwards hard wrung forth Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges or hot bricks for the same purpose certainly a decoction of millet figges and raisons with some sugar causeth sweat powerfully Neither is it amisse whilest the patient is covered in all other parts of his body and sweats to fan his face for thus the native heat is kept in so strengthened and fainting hindred and a greater excretion of excrementitious humours caused To which purpose you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vinegar water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have cooling faculty this also will keepe the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pocks THe eyes nose throte lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles than the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease with the eye-lids also moistening them with rose-water verjuice or vinegar and a little Camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berbery-seeds pomgranate pills aloe sand a little faffron the juice of sowre pomgranates and the water of the whites of egges dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womans milke mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eyes bee much swolne and red you shall not use repercussives alone but mixe therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these bee tempered with some fennell or eye-bright water Then the patient shall not looke upon the light or red things for feare of paine and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflammation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conducing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tuttye and Antimonie in the water of fennell eye bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put into the nosthrils and outwardly applyed We shall defend the jawes throate and throttle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowre pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths often rouling them up down therein as also by nodula's of the seeds of psilium quinces the like cold astringent things We must provide for the lungs respiration by syrupes of jujubes violets roses white poppyes pomgranats water-lillies and the like Now when as the pocks are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer dier and you must wholly busie your selfe in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and scailing them But for the meazels they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the pocks may bee ripened by annoynting them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallowes lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a paire of sizzers or else bee opened with a golden or silver needle lest the matter conteined in them should corrode the flesh that lyes thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pockholes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dryed up with unguent rosat adding thereto cerusse litharge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the floure of barly and lupines are dissolved or mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annoynted therewith with a fine linnen ragge some annoint them with the swathe of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the floure of barly or lupines or both of them Others mixe crude hony newly taken from the combe with barly floure and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dryed up like a scurfe or scab they annoint them with oyle of roses violets almonds or else with some creame that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicite the patients to scratch whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherfore you shall bind the sick childs hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh mallowes barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it bee already excoriated then shall you heale it with unguent albumcamphorat adding thereto a little powder of Aloes or Cinnabaris or a little desiccativum rubrum But if notwithstnding all your application of repelling medicines pustles neverthelesse break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of Collyria having a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bignes as to break the eies that which somtimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbes If any crusty ulcers arise in the nosthrils they may be dryed and caused to fall away by putting up of oyntments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with hoarsenesse and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarismes made with barly water the waters of plantaine and chervill with some syrupe of red roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arres left in the face if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a paire of sizzers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticatarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccarum excorticat farinae hordei an â„¥ iiii Let them all bee made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith anoynt the face with a feather let it bee wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and Capons grease are good to smooth the roughnesse of the skin as also oile of lillies hares bloud of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plaine as also whiten the Pock-holes
remedies as yet I have had no experience Others prescribe a dram of the seeds of Agnus castus to be drunke with wine and butter Others the powder of river-crabs burnt and drunke in wine Or â„ž gentianaeÊ’ii astacorum flaviatilium in fumo combust in pollinem redact Ê’iii terrae sigill â„¥ ss misce give Ê’i of this same powder in the decoction of river crabs let them drink thereof oft at sundry times Many have cast themselves into the sea neither have they thence had any helpe against madnesse as Ferrand Pozet the Cardinall testifieth in his booke of poysons wherefore you must not relie upon that remedie but rather you must have recourse to such things as are set downe in the books of Physicians and approved by certaine and manifold experience But seeing that no poyson can kill unlesse it be taken or admitted into the body we must not fear any harme by sprinkling our bodies with the sanies of a mad dogge viper toad or any other such like venemous creature if so bee that it be presently wiped or washed cleane away CHAP. XV. What cure must be used to such as feare the water but yet are able to know themselves in a glasse SUch as have not their animal faculty as yet orecome by the malignity of the raging venome must have strong purgations given them Wherefore if in any case Antimonie bee usefull then is it in this as that which causeth sweats looseth the belly and procures vomiting For it is a part of extreme and dangerous madnesse to hope to overcome the cruel malignity of this poyson already admitted into the bowels by gentle purging medicines Assuredly such and so great danger is never overcome without danger Bathes also conduce which may disperse and draw forth the poyson by causing sweats Also many and frequent treacle potions are good to retund the venome and strengthen the bowels also it will be fitting to give them water and all other liquid things which they so much abhorre in a cup with a cover Alwaies let such as are poisoned or bitten or stung by a mad dog or other venemous beast keep themselves in some warme and light place that the poyson which by coldnesse is forced in may be the readilier drawne out by the means of heat and the spirits bee recreated by the brightnesse of the aire and therefore move from the center to the circumference of the body and let the roome be perfumed with sweet things To eat very hot and salt things presently at the beginning as onions leeks all spiced meats and strong wine not allâ—ied seems not to be besides reason because such things by their spirituous heat hinder the diffusion of the poyson over the body and strengthen the filled entrailes There be some also that would have them to feed upon grosse and viscous meats which by obstructing the vessels may hinder the passage of the poyson to the heart and other parts and by the same reason it will be better to fill themselves with meate to satietie than otherwise because the malignity of humours is encreased by hunger than which nothing can be more harmfull to venemous wounds Yet within a short while after as within five or sixe dayes they must returne to a mediocritie and use all things temperate boiled meats rather than roasted and that in a decoction of opening things so to move urine Lastly they must keep such a diet as melancholike persons ought to do neither shall they let bloud lest so the poyson should bee further drawne into the veines but it is good that the patients body be soluble from the very first Let their drinke be wine indifferently allayed with water oxymel simplex or the syrupe of the juice of Citron with boiled water or else this following Julep â„ž succilimonum malorum citri an â„¥ ss suc gran acid â„¥ ii aquae acetosae min. ros an â„¥ i. aq font coct quantum sufficit fiat Julep ut artis est Sleep is to be avoided untill the force of the poyson is abated for by sleep the humours flow back into the bowells All things that resist poyson must bee given any way whatsoever as lemons oranges angelica rootes gentian tormentill burnet vervine carduus benedictus borage buglosse and the like Let all things that are afterwards set before the patient be meats of good juice such as are veale kid mutton partridge pullets capons and the like CHAP. XVI Of the biting of a Viper or Adder and the symptomes and cure thereof THe remedies that were formerly mentioned against the bitings of madde dogges the same may bee used against all venemous bites and stings yet neverthelesse each poyson hath his peculiar antidote Vipers or Adders as we vulgarly terme them have in their gummes or the spaces betwene their teeth little bladders filled with a virulent sanies which is pressed out into the part that they bite with their teeth There forthwith ariseth a pricking paine the part at the first is much swollen and then the whole body unlesse it be hindred grosse and bloody filth sweats out of the wound little blisters rise round about it as if it were burnt the wound gnawes and as it were feeds upon the flesh great inflammation possesseth the liver and the gummes and the whole body becomes very dry becomming of a yellowish or pale colour with thirst unquenchable the bellie is griped by fits a cholericke vomiting molesteth them the stomacke is troubled with a hicketting the patients are taken with often sownings with cold sweate the forerunner of death unlesse you provide by fit medicines for the noble parts before the poyson shall invade them Mathiolus tells that he saw a countrie-man who as he was mowing a meadow by chance cut an Adder in two with his sithe which when he thought it was dead he tooke the one halfe whereon the head remained without any feare in his hand but the enraged creature turning about her head cruelly bit him by one of his fingers which finger as men usually doe especially when as they thinke of no such thing hee put into his mouth and sucked out the blood and poyson and presently fell downe dead When as Charles the ninth was at Montpelier I went into the shop of one Farges an Apothecary who then made a solemne dispensation of Treacle where not satisfying my selfe with the looking upon the vipers which were there in a glasse ready for the composition I thought to take one of them in my hands but whilest that I too curiously and securely handled her teeth which were in her upper jaw covered with a skinne as it were a case to keepe the poyson in the beast catched hold of the very end of my fore-finger and bit me in the space which is betweene the naile and the flesh whence presently there arose great pain both by reason of the part endued with most exquisite sense as also by the malignity of the poyson
stirreup the appetite resist the venemous quality and putrefaction of the humours restraine the heat of the Feaver and prohibit the corruption of the meates in the stomacke Although that those that have a more weake stomacke and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unlesse they be mixed with Sugar and Cynamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslaine Succory Borage Sorrell Hops Buglosse Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervill the cooling Seeds french Barly and Oatmeale with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added for to avoid obstruction yet much broath must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten in the beginning of the Meale provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to bee seasoned with over-much Oyle and Salt they may also with good successe bee put into Broaths Fishes are altogether to be avoyded because they soon corrupt in the Stomack but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgions and Cravises boyled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea-fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kinds of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Egges potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good Likewise Barly water seasoned with the graines of a tart Pomegranate and if the Feaver be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such Barly water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and paine of the head and those must abstaine from it But instead of barly water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisons of the Sunne newly sodden in Rose water with Sugar soure Damaske Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine Peares And in the latter end of the Meale Quinces roasted in the Embers Marmelate of Quinces and conserves of Buglosse or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this pouder following Take of Coriander seeds prepared two drams of Pearle Rose leaves shavings of Hatts-horne and Ivory of each halfe a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinamon one scruple of Unicornes horne and the bone in a Stagges heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses foure ounces Make thereof a pouder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weake he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veale sodden together in the water of Sorrell Carduus benedictus with a little quantity of Rose vinegar Cynamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seeme to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broath of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomegranates This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Buglosse Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum Frigidum of the Trochisces of Camphire of each three drams of Citron seeds Carduus seeds Sorrell seeds the rootes of Diptamnus Tormentill of each two drammes of the broath of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslaine Buglosse and Borage boiled in it sixe pints put them in a Lembecke of glasse with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Partridges and with fifteene leaves of pure gold make thereof a destillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pint straine it through a woollen bagge with two ounces of white Sugar and halfe a dram of Cynamon let the patient use this when he is thirstie Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a legge of Veale two minced Partridges and two drammes of whole Cinamon without any liquor in a lembâ—â—ke of glasse well luted and covered and so let them boile in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect concoction For so the fleshes will bee boiled in their owne juice without any hurt of the fire then let the juice bee pressed out therehence with a presse give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordiall waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to bee avoided because that sweet things turne into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may bee fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickenesse that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custome age the region and the time for through emptinesse there is great danger lest that the venemous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called backe into the inward parts by an hungrie stomacke and the stomacke it selfe should beefilled with cholericke hot thin and sharp excrementall humours whereof commeth biting of the stomack and gripings in the guts CHAP. XXI What drinke the Patient infected ought to use IF the feaver be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unlesse that he be subject to swouning and he may drinke the Oxymel following in stread thereof Take of faire water three quarts wherein boyle foure ounces of hony untill the third part bee consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a cleane vessell and adde thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of faire water of hard sugar sixe ounces of cinamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bagge or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrupe of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence The use of the Julep following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrell well clarified halfe a pint of the juice of Lettuce so clarified foure ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boile them together to a perfection let them bee strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar let it be used betweene meales with boyled water or with equall portions of the water of Sorrell Lettuce Scabious and Buglosse or take of this former described Julep strained and clarified foure ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the forenamed cordiall waters and boile them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinamon halfe a dram
strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have accustomed to drink Sider Perry Beer or Ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somwhat tart for troubled dreggish drink doth not only engender grosse humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a feaver Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the feaver and represse the putrefaction of the humours and the fiercenesse of the venome and also expelleth the water through the veines if so bee that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weake of stomacke for such must avoyd all tart things Take of faire water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine Sugar foure ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boile them a little and then give the patient there of to drinke Or take of the juice of Lemmons Citrons of each halfe an ounce of juice of soure Pomegranates two ounces of the water of Sorrell and Roses of each one ounce of faire water boyled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julep and use it betweene meales Or take of Sirupe of Lemmons and of red Currance of each one ounce of the water of lillies foure ounces of faire water boyled halfe a pinte make thereof a Julep Ortake of the syrups of water Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrell of faire water one pinte make thereof a Julep But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomacke and cholericke by nature I thinke it not unmeet for him to drinke a full and large draught of fountaine water cold for that is effectuall to restraine and quench the heat of the Feaver and contrariwise they that drinke cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge doe encrease the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therfore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chiefe encrease and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomacke are filled beyond measure and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some doe not drinke so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drinke even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must bee covered with many cloaths and so placed that hee may sleepe and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulnesse and long and great heat sound sleep commeth by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present helpe But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrell and Purslaine made moist or soked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Lemmon or Orange macerated in Rose water sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature given to wine when the state of the Feaver is somewhat past and the chiefe heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wasted spirits The patient ought not by any meanes to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wash his hands and his face for that doth recreate the strength If the fluxe or lask trouble him he may very well use to drinke steeled water and also boyled milke wherein many stones comming red hot out of the fire have beene many times quenched For the drynesse and roughnesse of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the leeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oile of sweete Almonds mixed with a little syrupe of Violets If the roughnesse breed or degenerate into Ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because wee have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water I have here thought good to speake somewhat of the choice and goodnesse of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boile meat and make broaths therewith Many thinke that rain water which falls in summer and is kept in a cisterne well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runnes out of the tops of mountaines through rocks cliffes and stones in the third place they put Well water or that which riseth from the foots of hils Also the river water is good that is taken out of the midst or streame Lake or pond water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitfull of and stored with many venemous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthy nature But of spring and well waters these are to be judged the best which are insipide without smell colour such as are cleare warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner pulse turneps and the like are easily and quickly boyled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have cleer voices and shrill their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to bee used in the Plague NOw we must treate of the proper cure of this disease which must bee used as soone as may be possible because this kinde of poyson in swiftnesse exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to bee pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the Ayre is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humours in the body are soone infected with the vicinity of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease voyd of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent
unlesse the spots appeare before If the patient fluxe at the mouth it must not bee stopped when the spots and pustles doe all appeare and the patient hath made an end of sweating it shall be convenient to use diureticke medicines for by these the remnant of the matter of the spots which happely could not all breath forth may easily be purged and avoyded by urine If any noble or gentlemen refuse to be anointed with this unguent let them be enclosed in the body of a Mule or Horse that is newly killed and when that is cold let them bee layed in another untill the pustles and eruptions doe breake forth being drawne by that naturall heat For so Mathiolus writeth that Valentinus the sonne of Pope Alexander the sixt was delivered from the danger of most deadly poyson which he had drunke CHAP. XXX Of a pestilent Bubo or Plague-sore APestilent Bubo is a tumor at the beginning long and moveable and in the state and full perfection copped and with a sharp head unmoveable and fixed deepely in the glandules or kernells by which the braine exonerates it selfe of the venemous and pestiferous matter into the kernells that are behind the eares and in the neck the heart into those that are in the arm-holes and the liver into those that are in the groine that is when all the matter is grosse and clammy so that it cannot be drawn out by spots and pustles breaking out on the skinne and so the matter of a Carbuncle is sharpe and so fervent that it maketh an Eschar on the place where it is fixed In the beginning while the Bubo is breeding it maketh the patient to feele as it were a cord or rope stretched in the place or a hardened nerve with pricking pain shortly after the matter is raised up as it were into a knob and by little and little it groweth bigger and is enflamed these accidents before mentioned accompanying it If the tumour be red and encrease by little and little it is a good and salutary signe but if it be livid or black and come very slowly unto his just bignesse it is a deadly signe It is also a deadly signe if it encrease sodainely and come unto his just bignesse as it were with a swift violence and as in a moment have all the symptomes in the highest excesse as paine swelling and burning Buboes or Sores appeare sometimes of a naturall colour like unto the skinne and in all other things like unto an oedematous tumour which notwithstanding will sodainely bring the patient to destruction like those that are livide and black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kindes of tumours CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appeares apply a Cupping-glasse with a great flame unto it unlesse it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skinne must be anointed with the oyle of lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glasse may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to sticke to the part for the space of a quarter of an houre be renewed and applyed again every three quarters of an houre for so at length the venom shall be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak and the work of suppuration or resolution whichsoever nature hath assaied will the better and sooner bee absolved and perfected which may bee also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Uuguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a halfe oile of Scorpions halfe an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aquavitae halfe a dramme this liniment will very well relaxe and loosen the skin open the pores thereof spend forth portion of that matter which the Cupping-glasse hath drawne thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may bee made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A Vesicatory applied in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder-blade on the same side if it be in the arme-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arme or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venome is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsemart Beare-foot Bridny the middle barke of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-bower are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each halfe a dram of soure leaven two drammes of Mustard one dramme and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restraine the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oyle or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coale on the place for so you may raise blisters which must ptesently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red coleworts Beetes or Ivie dipped in warme water and anointed with oyle or fresh butter Some apply Cauteties but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may dye therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venome because that doth worke rather by its quality than its quantity Let the abscesse bee fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue then roast it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines grease and so apply it warme unto the abscesse or sore let it be changed every sixe houres Or Take the roots of Marsh-mallowes and Lillies of each halfe a pound of Line Foenugreek and Mustard seeds of each halfe an ounce of Treacle one dramme ten Figges and as much Hâ—gges grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasme according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlicke roasted in the embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sower leaven adding thereto Unguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dramme Mithridate halfe a dramme of old Hogs greace one ounce of Cantharides in pouder one scruple of Pigeons dung two drams beat them and mixe them together into the forme of a cataplasme Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therfore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these untill the abscesse be
alum roch an ʒii bulliant omnia simul fiat decoctio of this make injection into the wombe In the performance of all these things I would have the Surgeon depend upon the advice of a Physitian as the occasion and place shall permit But if nature endeavour to free it selfe of the pestilent matter by the hoemorrhoides you may provoke them by frictions and strong ligatures in the lower parts as if the thighes or legs were broken by ventoses applyed with great flame to the inner side of the thigh by application of hot and attractive things to the fundament such as are fomentations emplasters unguents such as is usually made of an onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oile of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veines by these meanes come to shew themselves they shal be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or fig leaves or a raw onion or an oxe gall mixt with some pouder of Coloquintida lastly you may apply horse-leaches or you may open them with a Lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swolne with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be stayed by the same meanes as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stoole or a fluxe of the belly NAture often times both by it selfe of its owne accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sinke of the body the whole matter of a pestilent disease whence are caused Diarrhaea's Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kindes of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thinne and sincere that is reteine the nature of one and that a simple humour as of choler melancholy or phlegme and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or fretting paine then it is a Diarrhaea which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of the stomacke and guts caused by ill humours either there collected or flowing from some other place or by a cold moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft times mixt with blood are cast forth with pain gripings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acride choler fretting insunder the coats of the vessels But if in any kinde of disease certainely in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted greace yellow red purple greene ash-coloured blacke and exceeding stinking The cause is various and many sorts of ill humours which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turne into divers species differing in their whole kinde both from their particular as also from nature in generall by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable signe is stinch which is oft times accompanied by wormes In the campe at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was overall the Campe in this the strongest Souldiers purged forth meere blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraike Veines and Arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the summers sunne and the mindes of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acride and cholericke humour was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or the lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements than by the site of the paine therefore in the one you must rather worke by Glysters but in the other by Medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavours to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the meane while doe it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of ℥ ss of hiera simplex and a dramme of Diaphaenicon dissolved in worme-wood water Also Glysters are good in this case not onely for that they asswage the gripings and paines and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraike veines and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it selfe from the noxious humours In such glysters they also sometimes mixe two or three drammes of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retunde the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose suppositories of boyled hony ℥ i. of hier a picra and common salt of each ʒss or that they may bee the stronger of hony ℥ iii. of oxe gall ℥ i. of Scammony euphorbium and coloquintida poudred of each ʒss The want of these may be supplied by nodula's made in this forme ℞ vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an ℥ ss salis com ʒss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen ragges and then bound up into nodula's of the bignesse of a filberd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acride by adding some powder of Euphorbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the fluxe of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death therefore if they shall appear to be such they must be stayed in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat flower boyled in the water of the decoction of one pomegranate berberies bole armenick terra figillata and white poppie seeds of each ʒi The following Almond milke strengthens the stomacke and mitigates the acrimony of the cholericke humour provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of barly wherein steele or Iron hath been quenched beat them in a marble motter and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond milk wherto adding ʒi of Diarhodon Abbat is you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelaine the Kings chiefe physitian who received it of his father and held it as a great secret was wont to prescribe it with happy successe to his patients It is thus ℞ boli à rmen terrae sigil lapid haemat an ʒi picis navalis ʒiss coral rub marg elect corn cervi ust loti in aq plant an ℈ i. sacchar ros ℥ ii fiat pulvisc of this let the patient take a spoonefull before meat or with the
yolke of an egge Christopher Andrew in his oecoiatria much commendeth dogges dung when as the dogge hath for three dayes before bin fed onely with bones Quinces rosted in embers or boyled in a pot the conserve of cornelian cherries preserved berberies and myrabalans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomack and stay the laske the patient must feed upon good meats and these rather reasted than boiled His drinke shall be chalibeate water of the docoction of a some pomegranate beaten or of the decoction of a quince medlars cervices mulberies bremble berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and waste the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrupe of red currance Julep of roses and the like Let the region of the stomacke and belly be anointed with oile of masticke Moschatelinum myrtles and quinces Also a crust of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and rose water may be profitably applyed or else a cataplasme of red roses sumach berberies myrtles the pulpe of quinces mastick bean flower and hony of roses made up with calibeate water Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing glysters shall bee injected These following retund the acrimony of humours and asswage paine â„ž fol. lactuc. hyosc acetos portul an m. i. flor violar nenuph. an p i. fiat decoctio ad lb i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul Ê’vi olei rosat nenuph. an â„¥ iss fiat clyster Or else â„ž ros rub hord mund sem plant an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura adde olei ros â„¥ ii vitel ovor ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis Capi crur. vitellin capit vervicin una cum pelle lb ii in qua coquantur fol. violar malv. mercur plantag an m i. hord mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major an â„¥ ss in colaturae lb ss dissolve cass recenter extract â„¥ i. ol viol â„¥ iv vitellor ovor ii sach rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž flor chamaem melil aneth an p i. rad bismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturae adde mucag. sem lin foenugr extract in aqua malv. â„¥ ii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei cham aneth an â„¥ iss vitellor ovor ii fiat clyster Such glysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate paine When shavings of the guts appeare in the stooles it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then wee must use detergent and consolidating glysters as this which followes â„ž hordei integr p ii ros rub flor chamoem plantag apii an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve mellis rosat syr de absinth an â„¥ iss vitel ovor ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinod portulac nu â„¥ ii bol armen sang dracon amyl an Ê’i sebi hircini dissoluti Ê’iii fiat clyster Also cowes milke boyled with plantaine and mixed with syrupe of roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plant polygon an m i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in colatura adde boli arm terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’ii albumina duor ovor fiat clyster Or else â„ž suc plant arnoglos centinod portulac residentia facta depuratorum quantum sufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armeni terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’i ol myrthin rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of pomegranate pills of cypresse nuts red rose leaves sumach alome and vitrioll made with smithes water and so made into glysters without any oyle It will bee good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly Astringent glysters ought not to bee used before that the noxious humours bee drawne away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient bee so weake that hee cannot take or swallow any thing by mouth nutritive glysters shall be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis cruris vitulini coct cum acetosa buglosso boragine pimpinella lactuca â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitellos ovorum num iii. sacchari rosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recentis non saliti Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration THe pestilent malignity as it is oft times drawne by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft times it is sent forth invisibly the same way againe For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humours attenuated into vapours and aire through the unperceivable breathing places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumours and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft times resolved and discussed by the onely efficacy of nature and heate without any helpe of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalent may free it self from the pestilent malignity by Transpiration some Abscesse Bubo or Carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certaine part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerfull and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when as the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must bee cured after another order than is yet described The Nurse of the sucking childe must governe her selfe so in dyet and the use of medicines as if she were infected with the pestilence her self Her dyet consisteth in the use of the six things not naturall Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in dyet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milke and so unto the infant who liveth onely by the milke And the infant it selfe must keep the same diet as neere as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoyding of superfluous humours and excrements of the body Let the Nurse bee fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the feaverish heat as cooling brothes cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholy abstaine from wine and anoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the infant sucke with water or juice of sorrell tempered with sugar of roses But the infants heart must bee fortified against the violence of the encreasing venome by giving it one scruple of treacle in the Nurses milke the broth of a pullet or some other cordiall water It is also very necessary to anoint the region of the heart the emunctories and both the wrests with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle
veine great sweats ulcers flowing much and long scabbinesse of the whole skinne immoderate grossenesse and clamminesse of the blood and by eating of raw fruites and drinking of cold water by sluggishnesse and thicknesse of the vessels and also the obstruction of them by the defaults and diseases of the wombe by distemperature an abscesse an ulcer by the obstruction of the inner orifice thereof by the growing of a Callus caruncle cicatrize of a wound or ulcer or membrane growing there by injecting of astringent things into the necke of the wombe which place many women endeavour foolishly to make narrow I speake nothing of age greatnesse with child nursing of children because these causes are not besides nature neither doe they require the helpe of the Physitian Many women when their flowers or tearmes be stopped degenerate after a manner into a certaine manly nature whence they are called Viragines that is to say stout or manly women therefore their voice is more loud and bigge like unto a mans and they become bearded In the city Abdera saith Hippocrates Phaethusa the wife of Pytheas at the first did beare children and was fruitfull but when her husband was exiled her flowers were stopped for a long time but when these things happened her body became manlike and rough and had a beard and her voice was great and shrill The very same thing happened to Namysia the wife of Gorgippus in Thasus Those virgins that from the beginning have not their monethly fluxe and yet neverthelesse enjoy their perfect health they must necessarily be hot and dry or rather of a manly heat and drynesse that they may so disperse and dissipate by transpiration as men doe the excrements that are gathered but verily all such are barren CHAP. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly fluxe or flowers WHen the flowers or monethly fluxe are stopped diseases affect the womb and from thence passe into all the whole body For thereof commeth suffocation of the womb headache swouning beating of the heart and swelling of the breasts and secret parts inflammation of the wombe an abscesse ulcer cancer a feaver nauseousnesse vomitings difficult and slow concoction the dropsie strangury the full wombe pressing upon the orifice of the bladder blacke and bloody urine by reason that portion of the blood sweateth out into the bladder In many women the stopped matter of the monethly fluxe is excluded by vomiting urine and the hoemorrhoides in some it groweth into varices In my wife when shee was a maide the menstruall matter was excluded and purged by the nostrills The wife of Peter Feure of Casteaudun was purged of her menstruall matter by the dugges every moneth and in such abundance that scarce three or foure cloaths were able to dry it and sucke it up In those that have not the fluxe monethly to evacuate this plenitude by some part or place of the body there often followes difficulty of breathing melancholy madnesse the gout an ill disposition of the whole body dissolution of the strength of the whole body want of appetite a consumption the falling sickenesse an apoplexie Those whose blood is laudable yet not so abundant doe receive no other discommodity by the suppression of the flowers unlesse it be that the wombe burnes or itcheth with the desire of copulation by reason that the wombe is distended with hot and itching blood especially if they lead a sedentary life Those women that have beene accustomed to beare children are not so grieved and evill at ease when their flowers are stopped by any chance contrary to nature as those women which did never conceive because they have beene used to be filled and the vessels by reason of their customary repletion and distention are more large and capacious when the courses flow the appetite is partly dejected for that nature being then wholly applied to expulsion cannot throughly concoct or digest the face waxeth pale and without its lively colour because that the heat with the spirits go from without inwards so to helpe and aide the expulsive faculty CHAP. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses THe suppression of the flowers is a plethorick disease and therefore must be cured by evacuation which must be done by opening the veine called Saphena which is at the ankle but first let the basilike veine of the arme be opened especially if the body bee plethoricke lest that there should a greater attraction be made into the wombe and by such attraction or flowing in there should come a greater obstruction When the veines of the wombe are distended with so great a swelling that they may be seen it will be very profitable to apply horse-leeches to the necke thereof pessaries for women may be used but fumigations of aromaticke things are more meet for maides because they are bashfull and shamefaced Unguents liniments emplasters cataplasmes that serve for that matter are to bee prescribed and applied to the secret parts ligatures and frictions of the thighes and legges are not to bee omitted fomentations and sternutatories are to be used and cupping glasses are to bee applied to the groines walking dancing riding often and wanton copulation with her husband and such like exercises provoke the flowers Of plants the flowers of St. Johns wort the rootes of fennell and asparagus bruscus or butchers broom of parsley brooke-lime basill balme betony garlicke onions crista marina costmary the rinde or barke of cassia fistula calamint origanum pennyroyall mugwort thyme hissope sage marjoram rosemary horehound rue savine spurge saffron agaricke the flowers of elder bay berries the berries of Ivie scammony Cantharides pyrethrum or pellitory of Spaine suphorbium The aromaticke things are amomum cynamon squinanth nutmegs calamus aromaticus cyperus ginger cloves galangall pepper cubibes amber muske spiknard and such like of all which let fomentations fumigations baths broaths boles potions pills syrupes apozemes and opiates be made as the Physitians shall thinke good The apozeme that followeth is proved to be very effectuall â„ž flo flor dictam an pii pimpinel m ss omnium capillar an p i. artemis thymi marjor origan an m ss rad rub major petroselin faenicul an â„¥ i ss rad paeon. bistort an Ê’ ss cicerum rub sem paeon. faenicul an Ê’ ss make thereof a decoction in a sufficient quantity of water adding thereto cinamon Ê’ iii. in one pinte of the decoction dissolve after it is strained of the syrupe of mugwort and of hissope an â„¥ ii diarrhod abbat Ê’ i. let it bee strained through a bagge with Ê’ ii of the kernells of dates and let her take â„¥ iiii in the morning Let pessaries bee made with galbanum ammoniacum and such like mollifying things beaten into a masse in a mortar with a hot pestell and made into the forme of a pessary and then let them be mixed with oile of Jasmine euphorbium an oxegall the juice of mugwort and other such
and exulcerating pessaries Often times also nature avoides all the juice of the whole body critically by the wombe after a great disease which fluxe is not rashly or sodainely to be stopped That menstruall blood that floweth from the wombe is more grosse blacke and clotty but that which commeth from the necke of the wombe is more cleere liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choice of such meats and drinkes as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtle parts so they are stopped by such meates as are cooling thickening astringent and stipticke as are barly waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fryed or sodden with sorrell purslaine plantaine shepheards purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a harts horne burned washed and taken in astringent water will stoppe all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites corall beaten into most subtle powder and drunke in steeled water also pappe made with milk wherein steele hath often times been quenched and the floure of wheat barly beanes or rice is very effectuall for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Juleps are to be used of steeled waters with the syrupe of dry roses pomegranates sorrell myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to bee avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must choose grosse and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially venereous exercises anger is to bee avoided a cold aire is to be chosen which if it be not so naturally must bee made so by sprinkeling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat bee then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a veine in the arme cupping glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painfull frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood the body must bee purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarbe Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrupe of roses CHAP. LVII Of locall medicines to bee used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate fluxe of the tearmes and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may bee the forme of an unguent ℞ ol mastich myrt an ʒii nucum cupres olibani myrtil an ʒii succi rosar rubr ℥ i. pulv mastichin ℥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat an ʒss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made ℞ aq plantag rosar rubrar bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressi gallar non maturar an ʒii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an ʒi make thereof a decoction and inject it with a syringe blunt pointed into the wombe lest if it should be sharpe it might hurt the sides of the necke of the wombe also snailes beaten with their shells and applied to the navell are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coals and incorporated with the powder of myrtills and bole armenick and put into the necke of the wombe are marvellous effectuall for this matter The forme of a pessary may be thus ℞ gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar ʒii ammo ʒss sang dracon pul rad symphyt sumach mastich succi acaciae cornu cer ust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an ʒi caphur ℈ ii mixe them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grasse syngreen night-shade henbane water lillies plantaine of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loines thighes and genitall parts but if this immoderate flux doe come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the necke of the wombe let the place be anointed with the milke of a shee Asse with barly water or binding and astringent mucelages as of psilium quinces gumme trugacanth arabicke and such like CHAP. LVIII Of womens fluxes or the Whites BEsides the forenamed fluxe which by the law of nature happeneth to women monethly there is also another called a womans fluxe because it is onely proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continuall distillation from the wombe or through the wombe comming from the whole body without paine no otherwise than when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reines or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertaine seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the wombe it differeth from the menstruall fluxe because that this for the space of a few dayes as it shall seeme convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this womans fluxe yeeldeth impure ill juice sometimes sanious sometimes serous and livide otherwhiles white and thicke like unto barly creame proceeding from flegmaticke blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore wee see women that are flegmaticke and of a soft and loose habite of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites And as the matter is divers so it will staine their smockes with a different colour Truely if it bee perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought that it commeth by erosion or the exolution of the substance of the vessels of the wombe or of the necke thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to bee menstruall for some other cause for then in stead of the monethly fluxe there floweth a certaine whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the colour of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholy humour and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the wombe But often times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the wombe deceiveth the unskilfull Chirurgian or Physitian but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the necke of the wombe cannot have copulation with a man without paine CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the whites consisteth in the proper weaknesse of the wombe or else in the uncleannesse thereof and sometimes by the
respiration ℞ succi betae ʒi aq salv beton an ʒiiss pul castor ℈ ss piper pyreth an ℈ i. fiat caputpurgium Dry errhines that are termed sternutatories for that they cause sneesing are made of powders onely to which purpose the last mentioned things are used as also aromaticke things in a small quantity as to ʒii at the most as ℞ major nigel caryoph zinzib an ℈ i. acor pyreth panis porcin an ℈ ss euphorb ℈ i. terantur diligenter in nares mittantur aut insufflentur Errhines of the consistence of emplasters by the Latines vulgarly called Nasalia are made of the described powders or gums dissolved in the juice of some of the forementioned herbs incorporated with turpentine and waxe that so they may the better be made into a pyramidall forme to bee put into the nostrills As ℞ majoran salv nigel ℈ ii pip alb caryoph galang an ℈ i. pyreth euphorb an ℈ ss panis porcin ellebor alb an ℈ i. terantur in pulverem redigantur And then with turpentine and waxe as much as shall be sufficient make them up into Nasalia of a pyramidall or taper fashion Wee use errhines in inveterate diseases of the braine as the epilepsie feare of blindnsse an apoplexie lethargie convulsion the lost sense of smelling yet we first use generall remedies and evacuations lest by sneesing and the like concussion of the brain for the exclusion of that which is offensive thereto there should be made a greater attraction of impurity from the subjacent parts Liquid things must be drawn up into the nostrils warme out of the palme of the hand to the quantity of ℥ ss the mouth being in the interim filled with water lest the attracted liquor should fall upon the pallat and so upon the lungs dry errhines are to be blown into the nose with a pipe or quill solid ones must be fastned to a thred that they may be drawn forth as need requires when as they are put up into the nostrils The morning the belly being empty is the fittest time for the use of errhines If by their use the nose shall be troubled with an itching the paine thereof must bee mitigated with womans milke or oyle of violets The use of attractive errhines is hurtfull to such as are troubled with diseases of the eyes or ulcers in the nose as it oft times falls out in the Lues venerea wherefore in this case it will bee best to use Apophlegmatismes which may divert the matter from the nose CHAP. XXXVI Of Apophlegmatismes or Masticatories APophlegmatismoi in Greeke and Masticatoria in Latine are medicines which kept or held in the mouth and somewhat chawed doe draw by the mouth forth of the braine excrementitious humours especially phlegme now they are chiefly made foure manner of waies the first is when as the medicines are received in hony or waxe and formed into pills and so given to chaw upon The second is when as the same things are bound up in a fine linnen cloath so to be held in the mouth The third is when as a decoction of acride medicines is kept in the mouth for a pretty space The fourth is when as some acride medicine or otherwise drawing flegme as pellitory of Spaine mastich and the like is taken of it selfe to the quantity of a hasell nut and so chawed in the mouth for some space The matter of masticatories is of the kinde of acrid medicines as of pepper mustard hyssope ginger pellitory of Spaine and the like amongst which you must make choice chiefly of such as are not trouble some by any ingrate taste that so they may be the longer kept in the mouth with the lesse offence loathing Yet masticatories are sometimes made of harsh or acerbe medicines as of berberies the stones of prunes or cherries which held for some space in the mouth draw no lesse store of flegme than acrid things for the very motion and rowling them up and down the mouth attracts because it heats compresses expresses the quantity of the medicine ought to bee from ℥ ss to ℥ iss as ℞ pyreth staphisag an ʒiss mastich ʒss pulverentur involventur nodulis in masticatoria Or ℞ zinzib sinap an ʒi euphorb ℈ ii piper ʒss excipiantur melle fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis ℞ byssop thym origan salv an pi bolie them in water to wash the mouth withall Or ℞ zinzib caryoph an ʒi pyreth pip an ʒss staphisagr ʒii mastiches ℥ ss excipiantur fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis We use masticatories in old diseases of the braine dimnesse of the sight deafnesse pustles of the head and face and sometimes to divert the excrements which runne to the nose being ulcerated Masticatories are very hurtfull to such as have their mouths or throats ulcerated as also to them whose lungs are subject to inflammations destillations and ulcers for then errhines are more profitable to derive the matter of the disease by the nostrils For though the humour drawn from the braine into the mouth by the meanes of the masticatory may bee thence cast forth by coughing and spitting yet in the interim nature will bee so inured to that passage for the humour so that it will run that way when as wee sleepe and fall downe upon the parts thereunder weake either by nature or by accident The time fittest for the use of Apophlegmatismes is the morning the body being first purged if any ingratefull taste remain in the mouth or adhere to the tongue by using of masticatories you shall take it away by washing the mouth with warm water or a decoction of liquorice and barly CHAP. XXXVII Of Gargarismes A Gargle or gargarisme is a liquid composition fit for to wash the mouth and all the parts thereof to hinder defluxion and inflammation to heale the ulcers which are in those parts to asswage paine Their composition is twofold the first is of a decoction of roots leaves flowers fruits and seeds fit for the disease now the decoction is to be made either in faire water alone or with the admixture of white or red wine or in the decoction of liquorice and barly or of pectorall things as the intention of the Physitian is to repell coole or hinder inflammation as in the tooth-ache caused by matter which is yet in motion to discusse as in the tooth-ache already at the height or to cleanse as in the ulcers of the mouth or to dry and binde as when it is fit to heale the ulcers already cleansed The other way of making of gargarismes is without decoction which is when as wee make them either of distilled waters onely or by mixing them with syrupes mucilages milke the whey of Goats milke carefully strained There are mixed sometimes with a decoction distilled waters and mucilages melrosatum oxymel simplex diamoron dianucum hier a picra oxysacchara syrup de rosis siccis syrupus