strength of Roses is rather placed in the earthy part Quercetan erreth whilest he would have the digestion of the juyce at length drawn or prest forth to be repeated in Balneo and that which is clear to be seperated adding thereto the earthy parts But plenty of the said flowers being wanting infusion in boyling water the vessell being well closed up hath the next place nor then is there any need of Balneum it sufficeth to be placed in a warme place for certain houres or if you had rather use the distilled water of Roses it ought not to boyle forth but to be placed a while in Balneo with the Roses There is also a salt made or prepared by decoction out of salt waters It is the propriety of Salt to bind and be sharp brachish and of a watry of spring by which name it receiving into it self a moist aire forthwith melteth as also others which from their first origine are rather watry then earthy From hence it followeth that no true Salt can be got out or Plants yea even from them which abound with Saltness Such as are Kaly or Saltwort and Sea-grape or knotted Kaly For which cause we refuse and altogether reject those white Powders which are made of sodden lyes whilest lye filtered is stilled till there remaineth in the bottome a thicknese like Hony which is dryed at the sunne or by the Fornace and at length for whiteness sake is burnt by a moderate fire in a Gold smiths pot when they want a native genuine saltness and if there be any it is much inferiour to that in naturall Salt when in like manner the lye retaineth nothing of the nature of a Medicine besides sharpness much lesse the foresaid Powders unless peradventure those which are void of all sharpness may be usefull gently to dry but will not answer the labour of making them and cost in their operation Neither can true Salt be gotten or made out of urine For if it be boyled or stilled till the watery moisture is resolved into vapours and the dregs be calcined there ariseth a Powder with an odious taste and if you poure water upon the thing calcined and after draw it by distillation you may truly wash away the stinke but you will have remaining rather the taste of Salt-peter then of Salt But what madness is it to reckon Vitriall Allum and Sugar in the number of Salts where is their faltness shall then likeness make all things the same In like manner also by decoction almost are prepared your Lohochs your Electuaries candid things Morsels Pils Trochisces Glisters Suppositories Ointments Pultesse and Cerots In making your Medicines which are called Lumbitives and Arteriacks from the rough artery a Wind-pipe they mollifie The Arabians call those Medicines Lohochs which have power to mollifie the Brest stay Catarrhes or Rheumes and cut flegme and they make a decoction first to clamminess then adde Sugar Pennels and boil it to the thicknesse of honey and after expression when it begins to cool mingle the rest in a morter without decoction as Vine kernels sweet Almonds husked juyce of Liquorice Tragacanth and Gum Arabick Ireos Roots and white Starch Because their strength will rather be weakned by decoction then drawn forth But seeing the cutting faculty is extream contrary to tough and thickning and that the one weakneth the strength of the other sometimes they are wont with great oversight to be mixed together In like manner in Electuaries they are first boyled in the same order of which I have formerly advised you those things whose faculty may fitly be drawn forth by decoction to the consumption of their parts there is after added a third part of Sugar and then it is boiled up again to a consistence as well for taste as lasting and last of all such things are added which are not fit to be boyled such as are conserves flowers of Cassia pulp of Prunes Tamarindes c. or Sena leaves Rubarb Agarick Coloquintida are infused into the boyling decoction and about twelve hours after they may bestreined with expression and the expression forthwith boyled up to a consistence with Sugar the rest as I have said being added Those things which we will preserve we first cleanse and throw away that in the roots which is woody and by decoction we soften hard things and take away the bitterness from bittter things though this rather serve for gluttonie then Physicall intentions and being lightly dryed we put Sugar to them warm boyled up to a fit thicknesse for too much heat shrinketh the fruit till they are well covered and then if any of the waterie moistnesse appear that being separate and reboyled is poured on but some fruits as for example sake Cherries are presently dipped into the said Sugar The soundnesse of the Flowers is conserved from whence they are called conserves if unto them being small bruised a double part of Sugar carefully poudered be mingled and exposed to the Sun to drie up the watry moisture and therefore they are to be gathered in fair and dry weather and the whites are to be clipt off from the roses for their bitternesse Some times to gratifie the sick we mingle powders simple or compound or distilled oiles with sugar and also medicines cut into small parts If the pouder be pleasant or purging that the purgative power may not be weakned by too great a proportion of sugar we mingle an ounce of it dissolved and perfectly boyled with a dram of the said sugar in odoriferous water or such as shall serve for our purpose but with pouders lesse gratefull one dram with two ounces of Sugar but of oile one scruple with half a pound of Sugar and the Sugar being boyled enough remove it from the fire beat it a good while with a Pestle untill the pouders or oile are well mixed together and then poure it forth upon a Table and frame out round pellets or four square Tablets or Lozenges or Long which they call Bits Sometimes to the Sugar poudered we mingle onely some few drops of distilled oile without any decoction but this we have referred unto our Infusions Pills called Cataphotia because they are swallowed are made up either of Extracts or Pouders moistned with some lost humour of such a bignesse as any one may swallow them an that they may not offend in smell or taste let them bee guilded The close is esteemed by the working of the Ingredient v. g. The scone of the golden pills of Nicolaus is to purge all humours which Scammony performeth but more slow flegme therefore Coloquintida is added to it But Aloes though it loosen the belly yet it is chiefly here inserted because according to the opinion of Mesue it strengtheneth all the bowels but especially the Stomack and liver by opening this and cleansing that and by his thicknesse correcteth the acrimonie or the rest Mastich and Tragacanth by their clamminess corrected the sharpnesse the seed of Fennell and Annise Saffron and Roses
time of Maceration or soaking is to be judged from the consideration of the things infused for hard and Rosinous things such as Guiacum are macerated to stirre them till the liquor poured on is mingled sufficiently with the oylie matter or is sufficiently tincted or affected with the colour or savour of the medicine for then either other liquor is poured on the same matter and that so often reiterated till such time as it is no more affected with tincture or savour and then at length all the liquors affected are put together and distilled the Extract being left in the bottome of the Vessel or Bladder After this manner Rubarb Rhapeticum Aloes Gentian Cinnamon Nutmeg Myrrhe or else the said liquor affected is poured on the plant of the same kinde and it is twice or thrice reiterated So is Cinnamon Wormwood lesser Centurie Angelico root Zedoarie Galingal the true Acorns and Elecompane root which neither give tincture not are indued with manifest smell or favour they are macerated or soaked for one day or two and then the liquor pressed forth is poured upon a plant of the same kind and this is done twice or thrice In like manner distillation is made in Mechoashau Bryonie Pyonie Masterwort root c. In the Extraction of fresh Flowers of Peaches Plums Roses Flowers Herbs and Roots of Celandine c. There is no need of effusion or putting on of any other moisture but the reiterated pressing forth or the juyce often ought to go before the distillation and the Infusion into the moisture pressed forth of the fresh Flowers and Herbes But to bruise Celandine and distill it and to put the distilled water upon the dry Lees c. is trifling to no purpose in so great plenty of Celandine experience it self in the strength of either Extraction will be testimony sufficient But seeing the Extract of the Roots of Bryonie Ireos and Cuccopintle may be made after three manners That is to say That either dryed they may be infused in spirit of Wine the juice pressed forth out of the fresh Roots distilled Left in a Cellar for a few dayes and then the white troubled water poured forth the white Lees may be dried in the shadow The Question is which way may best draw forth the strengths or vertues of them for persons troubled with the Mother Hydropicks or those which have an ill habit of bodie Quercetan preferrteh the third way I the first Lee reason and experience conclude the controversies and determine it For first heat is required in all the three Effects or Dispositions which here the Spirits of Wine administer to them Secondly Crude juyce is lesse apt because it is it selfe a phlegmatick matter and cannot choose but be corrupted by the moist aire of the Cellar and hath nothing which may preserve it from corruption Thirdly The faculties of these consist not in the thin matter which goeth forth with the Water distilled but rather in the thick earthy matter as their Pouders shew plainly Quercetan in glutinous and clammie roots addeth a half part of white bread in their Infusion that the nourishment mixt with the Medicine may as well by his clamminess incrcase his glutinous strength as derive or convey the Medicine the sooner to the liver and being all moistned with wine placeth them in Balneo till they become red and moreover digesteth the juyce waxing red that it may become the redder being pressed forth for truly the simple man thinketh the red juyce will be sooner turned into blood and so also the red wine and by the long snout of Meleagers Bear before distillation But I say we may more commodiously draw forth the nature from bread exhibited by it selfe but if there be need of extraction of the glutinous or clammy part from corne and drawing the Medicine through the veines all true Phylosophers not such Sophisters will with me preferre decoction far before it with which the thick glutinous Dansick Beer is made if with the said extract made without bread that may be mingled He also infuseth black Hellebar in vinnegar being most adverse to the spleen to draw forth the faculty for diseases of the spleen and will have the proper salt mixed with the distilled waters as also others with the extracts to what end I pray for seeing every faculty which was in the Medicine before calcination by this is taken away whether that he may corrupt the extract or water by his sharpness or by his dryness keep back putrefaction or that beyond others he may seeme to savour better The same man extolleth without any judgement his oleous extract of Guiachum for seeing in the cure of the French disease and the Catarrhe there is first or chiefly required some astriction by which the members may be strengthned together truly for this intention every man understands decoction to be far more needfull and usefull which hath any judgement although a small dose of the extract be fit for those which shall use it especially for delicate and tender persons And in his Extract of mans Skull he is altogether childish as of the Secondine a Calves liver and lungs Pearls and Corrals For what doth he draw forth of the Spirits from the Skull other then a certaine fat and something from the earthy matter and ashes by decoction in Balneo but will that Extract take away the causes of such a disease as the Falling-sickness he will hardly perswade children to it from the Secondine Liver and Lungs what I pray can be drawn the broth of their decoctions yea even the substance it selfe eaten and the powder of the Secondine will it not offer nature the strength it selfe perfecter to be extracted Pearles and Corrals onely beaten will yeeld all their vertue they have received from Gold without any trouble of dissolving or washing with water of corrosive spirits Whether hitherto have not all kinde of preparation of Medicines been unfolded by us Truly they have been altogether But where are their Medicines so much cryed up their Secrets their Magisteries Mercuries Sulphurs Elixirs Tinctures Quintescence This Talkative Chymick Apollo hath invented and framed words without matter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from that infernall desire of lying and cousening to gain to his Sophisters authoritie an opinion of subtile wisedome But if we shall speake properly a Secret and Magisterie are the same nor are they speciall but most generall Appellations of wittie Inventions And the tincture is the Extraction of the proper colour which seeing it is not a Medicinable qualitie it ought to be most estranged and alienate from true Physick preparations I omit that for the most part it is sophisticated as for example spirit of wine draweth his redness from white bones and ashes and black Treacle and this every liquor potentially hot will perform especially if the earthy matter bee also endued with heat which Turners doe who shave pure white plates from yellow Amber But this is of an Optick contemplation When we Germans would
resolutions or both together The generall rule of Physick saith that in the beginning of all inflammations we should use repercussives that is Medicines to repel and drive back the fluxion of humors But I put the case that the swelling be in the Emunctories or that one hath the Pestilence The Chirurgion perhaps following the generall rule wil lay a Plaister to repel the said inflammation or swelling Doth he wel think you he doth so well that either he putteth the Patient in great jeopardy or else he killeth him Wherefore the Chirurgion must thinke that a great many things must be considered more then one as often as he undertaketh any cure of weight and must thinke it no shame nor reproach to counsell with a Physitian in such matters For verily I say to conclude in few words That no man be he Chirurgion or Apothecary shall never work well without a true method and learning For look what thing soever hee taketh in hand what cure soever he hath he being destitute of learning shall never bring it well to passe without the aid help and counsell of the Learned Physitian for if he chance to doe any notable cure it shall be peradventure more by hap hazard then by procurement and diligence Here I could bring in many other abuses of Chirurgerie as now some pretend and exercise Physick to their shame deceiving the people under the cloak of Chirurgery some drive off and linger out the time to have the more money Some be so presumptuous that they will warrant every Patient when oftentimes many by their negligence and for lack of a good diet or some other good Medicines which should be appointed by the Physitian dye upon their hands Some when they have done all that they can and see that their Patient begin to go to wrack then immediatly with all speed they will run to the Physitian with their Patients water and then to ask counsell when it is too late and all because they will shake off the burthen from their own shoulders to cast it upon the Physitians neck and to put all the fault in him if any thing chance otherwise then well that so they may be clean discharged and unburdened from all manner of blame and reproach Some go from town to town from market to market to utter their trumperie their ware I would have said and to shew their cunning among the homely and simple people of the country But all these wily and deceitfull fashions are not yet throughly known nor can never well be untill such time as a Reformation be made by some Law or Statute which I pray God to grant shortly to his glory the profit of the people and for the good of the Common-wealth AMEN To both the Universities Oxford and Cambridge A Peroration THus much I had Right Worshipfull to say And to declare most plainly to you all The great abuse committed every day In this our Art which Physick men do call The chiefest points I have in generall But only toucht in this my little Book He may know all the matter in speciall Who so to it more narrowly will look I marvell much and sore lament to see That such abuse hath been suffer'd so long And is now yet it will none other be You and we have me thinks great wrong Therefore ye should no more the time prolong But seek some means the learned to defend With priviledges that to you doe belong And thus doing you shall no man offend I ever had and have yet at this hour A great desire both in my heart and mind That every good Physitian to his power Do all things well so worship shall he find But now there are Physitians so unkind To God and man that they passe not a straw Which of both ends go before or behind They are so void of truth and fear of law This sort will now envie with force and might Straight against me and this poor silly Book Wherefore I pray defend me and the right They will lay wait for me and alwaies look What time they may destroy me with their hook I mean their tongue so venemous and sharp But by Gods grace and your help I shall brook That well enough and not come in their trap Mollibus haec non est sed duris dura Securis Dura secat damnum mollia nulla ferunt FINIS To the Reader THis Booke hath passed some good hands with good approbation who reads him shall finde learning but mixt with some tartnesse against Quercetan an Author the Paracelsians generally approve and it seems he assents unto Schechius Salem revera rebus non in esse et accidere terrennis partibus ab igne but Mullerus and the whole current of the Paracelsians are opposite to this as some other of his opinion and if you please to heare Bartoline in his owne words he affirmeth it to be contra omnem sensum experientiam quae salem magis vel minus rebus inesse testatur Et. sed non opus est à calore productum sed calore seperatum The Booke may be usefull to young Apothecaries and out of my good wishes to them I commend it to their perusing leaving it to better and more judging censures A TRANSLATION OF PAPIUS Concerning APOTHECARIES EVery Medicine whilest it is intire hath his temperament and from thence his perfect and integrall strength and faculties But for the most part the worke is in the preparation of the Medicines that they may be made fitter and convenienter for Diseases For to dry moist are fitter To moist dry are fitter 1. Waters have a faculty of moistning and repairing the Spirits 2. Spirits quickly and strongly revive and repaire the Spirits 3. Oyles doe strongly mollifie and loosen 4. Powders doe drie 5. According to the custome of the sick of which one is more pleased and delighted with a drie forme and the other with a moist For the forme ariseth from the preparation That it may work more suddainly by peircing with his thinnesse and more strongly whilest the faculty which is placed in the thinner parts is increased those subtiler parts being drawn and streightned together for preservation sake by taking the watry moistness away which subjects it to corruption And although often single Medicines by their faculties and workings may suffice for one or many diseases yet there is often need of their composure as well for preparation sake 1. For many distillations have need of infusions for the custome of the sick of which some stand affected to pils and other to potions 2. For the curative ends 1. Maligne quality of the Medicine 2. The troublesome smel or taste and the dull slowness stird up and increased may be corrected may be corrected 3. When many diseases are joyned together every Medicine may oppose his severall disease Treacle is compounded of many excellent Counter-poysons Cordials and such as make the blood purer because that ought to be a generall Antidote for all Poysons
1. One preparation is made by resolving and separating some or every moistnesse from the drie earthy part as in the calcination of Stones Woods Coales by burning or otherwise drying them 1. Or by drawing forth from an actuall moistness 1. Spirits as from Wine Water 2. Juyce by expression 3. Oyle by expression distillation 2. From a potentiall moistness Spirits Oyle by distillation 2. From an actuall drynesse the most thinne sub till and pure earthy parts by a dry distillation as flowers of brimstone are made When the faculty of the Medicine is drawn either with or without Smell Savour Colour And that is performed by the said Expressions Distillations Infusions Decoctions some times Infusion Expressiō are joyned together w th Distillatiō Decoction For the same faculty is not in a native Medicine prepared by the said wayes or manner for preparation changeth the temperament some more some lesse Seeing that especially on which fire worketh more strongly doth either lessen or consume the moisture and conveyeth in an Eupyreuma and somewhat changeth the faculty or the fiery heat savour and taste mingling the subtiler earthy parts with watry when with his accidentary heat it induceth sharpnesse Nor is any Medicine made more perfect and excellent by any preparation since to the perfection in which every thing is created nothing can be added by art but made more convenient by certaine ends and yet not alwayes seeing many things are more usefull and better without preparation then prepared as the 1. Bezar-Stone and rasping of Harts-horne against poysens 2. Or the same as if in hystericall passions Powder of Amber by the mouth and Balsome exhibited below Nor doth that preparation alwayes excell which taketh away the thicker earthy matter seeing that it is more profitable in many effects then the thin It may be here enquired whether Medicines in the body may be so digested by nature with the help of heat as aliments and whether every or some preparation of Medicines may serve helpfull to this digestion The soule of man in the act of concoction and cure by Medicines useth the same heat the same humours vapours and vessels thorough which also it conveyeth the nourishment and altereth the faculty of the Medicine resolveth the humours and by helpe of the humours the earthy parts and by this meanes in this change resolution diminisheth them and separateth the thicker parts from the thin In like manner the preparation of the first Aliment and Medicament maketh it fit that the Aliment may more easily be digested by the heart and heat and the humour passe thorough the Medicine and draw out his faculty and lead it to the affected part yet notwithstanding some preparation taketh away the vertue or strength as we have said of calcination But this especially differeth between either act That in the Act of concoction the temperament of the first Aliment is changed into the temperament of blood but of this in the temperament of the cure of the parts the soule useth the temperament of the Medicine uncorrupted as much as may be as well to the changing of the qualities not naturall of the humours and parts as to the evacuation of things hurtfull so as the Medicines may not properly be said to be digested or concocted But there are seven principall wayes of Physick preparations 1. Powdering 2. Melting 3. Expression 4. Infusion 5. Decoction 6. Distillation 7. Extraction Powdering is when a dry Medicine is reduced into Powder by brufing or beating it that it may be the easier with liquor either simply dissolved or mixed serving whereto is drying of neat of the Sunne or fire of which sort also is that calcination which is called reverberation To many things in brusing them some liquor is added which prohibiteth the dry exhalation or vapouring away of the smell as Rose-water to certain Aromaticall Spices to Mush Ambergreese c. Water to Almonds least they cast forth their Oyle to the seed of Wild seme with Opium otherwise the clamminess hindereth the brusing or breaking it Ammoniacum Galbanum and such as are of that kinde are dissolved in vineger at the fire 1. There is some calcination imperfect as when all the watry moistness is resolved in the coales something aereall combustible being left and when in like manner Harts-horn by a resolving water the greatest part of the matter which coagulateth or joyneth together by the help of heat is resolved and drawn forth 2. Other calcination perfect as when every coagulation is resolved by fire onely or other helping dissolvers without ashes as is performed in calcination of stones and mettals and when woods are burnt into ashes All things calcined or all ashes have a power of drying and some have a greater some a lesser sharpness The vertue or efficacy of drying commeth 1. Partly from the rarity or thinness in every thing by which it can receive the humours into it self 2. Or from the hidden heat or flame lying in the ashes of stones or lime burnt in which because they are more folid the flame which insinuated it self in burning lyeth hid and after by the contrary qualities of water that is moistness and cold it is brought forth into act whilest the flame lurking extreamly resisteth the qualities of water but nor so in oyle There is greater sharpness in those things whose matter before burning was thick and sharp as Vitriall rinde of an Oake Wormwood c. From this reason we exhibit charcoales to Cattle we intend to fat especially oaken coales that their powder may easily be drawn by the veins and passe thorough them by reason of their thin and subtilness and so may dilate the veines to make them receive a greater quantity of blood may provoke the stomach by his acrimony by his dryness may draw the chyle and blood and thence from may prevent Aposthumes in men especially the coales of the Linden Tree that the grosseness of the blood may be cut least the Spirits should be suffocated Of ashes also some are true as of stones and plants from which all the liquor is truly carried away by the fire some like or analogicall as of metals who appear dry to the Senses but by their power keep in themselves their native liquor by whose benefit they may be poured forth or altogether reduced of which kinde is gold especially From hence may be demanded whether ashes retain or keep any vertue or faculty of the Medicine since the faculty whether hid or manifest is not but in the temparement by smell and savour but in calcination the temparement odour and savour are altogether destroyed for nothing is left but the earthy matter but contrarily in some of them a strange heat is induced native coldness of the earth and acrimony and in all things which have smell and taste a different smell and taste so that I can conclude no otherwise but that there is nothing at all retained of the proper vertue of the Medicine in the ashes The calcination of
Iron and Cyprian Brasse seeing they agree in substance and onely differ in certaine accidents is chiefly made from Sulphur because it is greedily drawn and imbibed by these being hot for the Sulphur by his hidden accrimony and thinness peircing all the coagulation or matter which holdeth and keepeth them together is dissolved and exhaled away And whether the coagulum of other mettalls may be so dissolved by loosning waters that the potentiall moistnesse may bee resolved into vapours I much doubt of 2. Liquefaction or melting is generally an actuation or working forth of moistness lying hid in a dry body by heat a waterie body excepted but that ought so here to be that the liquid matter remaining by piercing may work that in the body which by his vertue or facultie it is able to doe The materiall principles of which sublunary bodies consist are two 1. Earth and 2. Moistness which are the subject of heat upon which he worketh for earth is the bound or limit of moistness Of humours or moistnesse some subsist by themselves all earthy matter being removed such as is an airie waterishnesse which is Spiritous or Oily Both of which are inflammable or apt to bee kindled To these as to the earthy matter so many materiall principalls are answerable in an animate bodie by which name that is nourished in these Again the Olie hath three differences for it is either from the far of living creatures in plants from which that which is drawn forth yeeldeth his chief nourishment or floweth by his own accord from stones as Petroleum but is not fit for the nourishment of a living body by reason of the excessive heat as also the rest And for the same cause that which lyeth hid in amber brimstone and waxe for that which lyeth hid in honey is of one and the same kinde with oyle of waxe But Manna and Salt-peter because they easily take fire prove and shew a hidden oile in them but then by reason of the scarcitie of the oile as also for the plenty of the earthy mattter that is first resolved and vapoureth away into smoke before it is separated from the same Besides these there are others which are not actuated or brought forth but by heat nor are kindled by themselves that is do not nourish a flame but the heat being removed return to their former drynesse And again of these things there is a threefold sort or kinde 1 One sort of plants seeing that the ashes of these melt 2. Of Mettals and these are fluxible or run forth in the fire 3. Of Minerals and these are fluxible or run forth in the fire And truly these cannot be separated at all from their earthy matter without their losse By the said humours or moistnesse wee understand the oilie which is melted out that it may preserve and keep his actuall moisture the which is done by mixing the oiles especially those of the same kinde or also hot water for so we melt or dissolve Manna or vinegar as we melt Rosins for by this means the earthy matter overcome by the aiery by the multitude or by help of a little heat continueth moist Those things easiest melt which the heat can easiest penetrate Notwithstanding either 1. The Soliditie or hardness which is in iron or brasse Or 2. coldness actual and potential which is in other mettals Or 3. actual dryness or scarcity of the oile contained which is in Amber But earth and the said watery and aierie humour is not found in all sublunarie bodies nor can all sublunarie bodies be resolved as Pseudo-Chimices vainly imagine into these principles But of that Solution and Separation wee shall presently handle 3. Expression By hand or presse when greater strength must be used the jucinesse is drawn from the plants and their parts Or simply the waterie or oilie juyce by certain helps As 1. Almonds unhusked are drawn forth least the husk or rinde should suck or imbibe a great part of the juyce and being bruised that the oile without any hinderance may passe forth through the thinner earthy parts a little quantitie of rose water is poured upon it as well for smels sake as that it may come forth the readier and after this manner an oile is drawn forth of the meal of the Sesame seed 2. Nutmeg is hung up in a covered still that it may touch the hot water that the hot peircing vapours afterwards may carry away with them in the expression the flowing oile 3. Yolks of eggs boyled or fried in a frying pan unto hardness more easily send forth their oile being afterward pressed 4. From corn or grain put between two hot plates of iron an oile is drawn forth which is gathered together by heat 4. Infusion Dry things are infused into liquor fit for our purposes that by helps of actuall or potentiall heat they may impart their vertue to the liquor and so may bee more use fully received in at the mouth or else that the hard may be softned or loosed or that the liquor many correct some qualitie of the thing infused or contrary So we infuse Rubarb or the leaves of Sena into hot water lest the thin parts should exhale by boyling being well and close covered and leave them in a warm place and so likewise the leaves of Roses Rue c. in vinegar that the moisture actually warm passing through all the earthy parts may receive into it self the vertue of those things which is in the thin parts So Purgatives or changing Medicines being infused in wine or spirit of wine we place in a cold place that the wine may not sowr and that the moisture potentially hot which I have said it will make in the hot bath that the moisture by the actuall and potentiall heat may work so much the stronger but this latter is compounded of Infusion and Concoction The thing infused are left the longer in the liquor if the matter infused bee the grosser or harder and the moisture potentially hot but lesse while if the liquor be more thin and penetrateth more and hath lesse potential heat For you must take heed that they stand not so long infused that they may putrifie or contract foulness or hoariness To infusion belongeth 1. We pour out a cold emulsion as for example sake with the seeds of Melons or Pompeons husked and bruised and strain them through a linnen cloth so long as they will cast forth a milkie juyce 2. Aâ—lie 3. When a hot iron flint or stone heated communicateth their astriction to oile or water quenched That oile which they call Philosophers oyle taketh from the flame a very heating power as well in this Infusion as in the following dry distillation 4. When pouders or things calcined as either salt and ashes poured forth receiveth the taste and smell and strength of the juyces which they imbibe But Spirits suddenly resolved exhale and vapour away Being infused in salt or ashes flowing 5. Lotion as when the yellow colour and troublesome
correct the power which is offensive to stomack brain and heart and also prepare and fit the flegm by cutting and cleansing it Aloes Parseley seed and the other seed And because gentle purgatives are mixed with strong and vehement pursers there is almost the same quantity of correctors that is ten dragms as of Purgatives which are eleven drams And whereas a dose of Pills ought not to exceed four scruples this Masse ought to be divided into about 20. drams by which name there shall be in every dose of Aloes Scammonie Coloquintida whose highest dose is ij â„¥ and 12. grains of each 15. grains and 3. grains And to every Pill shall have of vehement Purgers 18. grains which dose is therefore the greater because the correctors doe not a little dull and weaken the strength of the Purgers By the like reason round orbicular Pellets or Trochises are framed the strength of Agarick being an enemy to the stomack is corrected by wine in which ginger is macerated and with Tragacanth which is slow and dull an Union is made of the broken and scattered parrs And the sharpness and malignitie of Coloquintida in the Trochises of Alhandal For ten ounces some read evilly so many Dragms for otherwise the Purgatives should be much overcome by the Correctives which were saulty are rubbed with oyle of sweet Almonds for one whole dupe and then they are reduced into a Maste or body by the infusion of four ounces of Rosewater of Bdellium Gum Arabick and Tragacanth of each nine Dragms The Masse being again dryed in the shadow being very small beaten is at length with the said infusion brought into a paste Clysters are profitable in vomiting when the sick hold not those things which they receive at the mouth or when they can receive nothing by the mouth They are good in a hard belly to loosen it and the dregs or excrements and in a fluid or moist to binde the same and to thicken the excrements or mollifie the sharpe For Ulcers in the guts to cleanse and glew them together and for diseases of the belly of the reines and bladder for they can work strongly upon these parts by discussing the vapours and windiness Loosning may be caused in one of full age by a pinte of flesh pottage of decoction of milk barly or emollient herbes of water or whey strained that the passages may be cleansed and of Sugar or hony boyled least windiness may be moved halfe an ounce strained for cleanness sometimes instead of hony we take purgative Electuaries in the same or lesse quantity according to their faculty and the Patients strength and by reason of the disease of oyle or fat by reason of the dryness of the intestines and excrements three ounces or five then we add when the sharpness of the rest is not sufficient to provoke and advance the worke or the sense is duller in the night gut about a dram of salt sometimes we add a yolke or two to wash and cleanse the guts that they may not be hurt by the sharpness of the humours or to dull the stirring or provoking faculty Sometimes if there be no obstruction present for otherwise heat by drying causeth and increaseth obstruction in a cold distemper a Glister is made of Muscadine or Spanish wine with an ounce of seeds discussing winde boyled and strained hot and mingled with halfe an ounce of Treacle So you may gather by these the use of the rest When we would have Clisters kept a good while we exhibite them in a lesser quantity decocted and avoid all sharpe things When either age or custome will not endure Glisters as 1. They that ace troubled with piles or Ulcers of the Fundament are offended with Glysters or if Glysters and Purges doe not work we will draw them from the head or the midriffe as in old diseases or of the stomach then we put up Suppositories into the Fundament of young women to loosen them of Butter or Larde 2. And unto people of full age provoking and cleansing of the root or Beet scraped annoynted with a littie Butter sprinckled with a little Salt and Hony boyled up into hardness whew the Fundament doth not perfectly feele or is moved wee 'l put on it a little purging Powder or otherwise frame some of fit and conveinent matter When Oyles will not cleave or fasten on the parts Art hath invented Ointments which may stick and hold closer to and work stronger Therefore either oyle distilled is mixed with Waxe Manna or the like Aieriall matter for cause of a more exacter mingling by reason of their simpathy and a terrestriall matter by reason of his making up in forme of a liniment 1. And it is called a Balsome because it commeth very near to the nature of a true Balsome 2. Or the juycie parts of the plants are boyled with oyle or butter rather then their juyce pressed out because if they have oylie or spirituous parts in them by this meanes that and the strength of it is extracted and drawn forth which is not in the watry juyce 3. The dry plants are sod with equall portions of Wine Butter Oyle that the aquosity or watrynesse of the Wine may as well restraine the collection of foule corrupt matter and that the fire by insinuating his heat may not change the temper of the ointment and that the spirituous parts peircing by their thinnesse may draw out the spirituous and oylse part which is in them and may com municate it to the oyle Either decoction is drawn to the consumption or the Watry juyce Wine When the watrynes is not mixed with the oyle and gives occasion of Putrefaction By Olives of which oile omphocine is made we understand the wild boyled in oyle according as Theophrastu and Atheneus conceive in their writings because Astringent oile cannot be pressed forth neither from ripe nor putrified Olives nor from unripe which rather yeeld a watery juyce astringent Emollient pultisses are made with emollient decoctions bran and pouders and oyle butter fat honey and the decoction strained forth is mixed with pouders that which is fat is poured upon the hot for that must not be boyled till all things mingled come into the form of a pultiss But those which draw from the inward parts to the Superficies as heat nourishment c. are made of sharp mustard seed and dry figs because they draw and restrain that the mustard seed burn not too much which the day before are macerated in varm water and is bruised and brought into a Masle When we would draw lesse violently we take equall parts of both or two of figs and mustard one of mustard and of figs. Cerots are of a thicker and dryer consistence besides pouders oiles and fatts they take up waxe and rosin which makes them stick and cleave faster especially Turpentine or hard Rosin for the mildnesse and sweetness and they are boyled so long till they soil not the hands The matter of them is various